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Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can't perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory(RAM and ROM) and Secondary memory(hard drive,CD,etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory.
1. Random Access Memory (RAM) –
- It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
- The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this memory.
- It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.
- RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).
2. Read Only Memory (ROM) –
- Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer.
- It is not volatile.
- Always retains its data.
- Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.
- Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
- ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
Types of Read Only Memory (ROM) –
- PROM (Programmable read-only memory) – It can be programmed by user. Once programmed, the data and instructions in it cannot be changed.
- EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory) – It can be reprogrammed. To erase data from it, expose it to ultra violet light. To reprogram it, erase all the previous data.
- EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory) – The data can be erased by applying electric field, no need of ultra violet light. We can erase only portions of the chip.
Attention reader! Don't stop learning now. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the DSA Self Paced Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready.
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- Ferro-electric Random Access Memory
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- Difference between Uniform Memory Access (UMA) and Non-uniform Memory Access (NUMA)
- Memory Access Methods
- Read and Write operations in Memory
- Classification and Programming of Read-Only Memory (ROM)
- Direct memory access with DMA controller 8257/8237
- Difference between Simultaneous and Hierarchical Access Memory Organisations
- Difference between Virtual memory and Cache memory
- Introduction to memory and memory units
- Difference between Byte Addressable Memory and Word Addressable Memory
- Difference between Volatile Memory and Non-Volatile Memory
- PRAM or Parallel Random Access Machines
- Memory Interleaving
- 2D and 2.5D Memory organization
- Polymer Memory
- IPC through shared memory
If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to email@example.com. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.
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Improved By : Roy19, sachinsinghbisht5


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Your Pet Deserves The Safest Pet Food Possible
Horses & Hounds is proud to carry Raised Right in Granby, Connecticut. Our family's roots in farming and ranching date back for centuries. While raising food for humans, we decided it's time to provide the same quality of food for pets. We have now taken our experiences & values from our pasture to your pet's bowl. With Raised Right, you can enjoy peace of mind with every bite.
WHAT Granby CUSTOMERS ARE SAYING
We love our customers from Granby areas around Granby, East Granby, Simsbury, New Hartford, Windsor, Southwick, Hartland, Agawam, Westfield, Barkhamsted, and more!
Come visit our pet supply store in Granby, CT specializing in quality food, treats, and supplies for all animals.

subset: commoncrawl


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For a brand that has been an expertise in goldsmith and fine jewellery in almost 70 years, Poh Heng introduces the ORO22 collection, a series of 22K yellow gold designs that are anything but dated.
The ORO22 collection was first launched in 2006, differing from the brand's other collections with two distinct traits: contemporary design and its 'Moonlight Glow'. The pale yet effervescent hue tones down the distinct yellow colour found in pure gold.
The subtle lustre creates an rippling effect across the gilded surface. Where the opaline light hits, the edges and corners are outlined by a slight shadow, adding a depth of gradient in between. The collection is completed with new additions of rings, bangles, earrings and necklaces that each bear a similar, organic style.
The new ORO22 collection will be available from May 2017 at all Poh Heng boutiques island-wide.


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Pictured below is a controller we recently made for competitive air pistol shooting training.
On the shooting range there is a target connected to a motor. If the motor is powered for one second with one polarity, the target will turn to face the shooter. If the motor is powered for one second with reverse polarity, the target will turn edge on to the shooter. (Click here to see how we reverse the polarity of a motor with two relays – alternatively, we could have used an H Bridge motor controller.)
The controller has two buttons, and also screw in terminals so that external buttons can be added in parallel if the controller is to be enclosed. One button is used to toggle the target position – to edge it when it is facing, and to face it when it is edge on. The second button is used to start the training routine.
When the start timer button is pressed, the target will be turned edge on to the shooter. Then after seven seconds, the target will be turned to face the shooter for three seconds. This edge for seven seconds face for three seconds is repeated five times, and then the target is edged to wait for the next shooter.
If you need any kind of automatic timer controller board, email email@example.com with details of your requirements.


text:
Jaguar Land Rover
The Life.Limitless range will see 10 shoe collections designed over
the next five years, as the renowned British companies draw on their design and
Each shoe will adhere to the three core design principles of
grip, environment and stability, as Jason Beckley, Clarks Chief Brand Officer
says matches both brand's DNA.
"Partnering with Land Rover on this project is incredibly
exciting," he added. "There is an obvious synergy between our brands, not just
through our shared British heritage but also through both companies' dedication
to design detail and innovation."
The first three designs for autumn 2018 have been designed
with different locations in mind with a mix of urban chic to rugged outdoor
Jaguar Land Rover's Branded Goods and Licensing Director,
Joe Sinclair, said: "The Life.Limitless range perfectly combines the
world-class design and innovation that both Land Rover and Clarks are famous
EXCLUSIVE OFFER: A 20% discount is available to Jaguar Land Rover employees who wish to own a pair of shoes from the Clark x Land Rover Collection.
Email email@example.com to receive a discount code that can be redeemed through Clarks.co.uk until 30 November 2018.
Company Quality, Design, + More
Gaydon, Solihull, + More
Browns Lane, Castle Bromwich, + More
Castle Bromwich


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When you're viewing an individual ticket in the agent interface, you can send a message to the user from the reply area.
By default, when you press the Send Reply as... button, your message is emailed to the user's primary address.
Use the pull-down menu at the right of the Send Reply as... button to select what the status of the ticket should be after you send the message:
- Send Reply as Awaiting User (default) - if you need to hear back from the user before progressing.
- Send Reply as Awaiting Agent - if an agent needs to act further on this ticket.
- Send Reply as Resolved - if the user's issue is resolved and no more communication is needed.
You can uncheck the Email User checkbox if you don't want the reply to be sent to the user by email. The user will still be able to see the message if they log in to the user portal.
Be careful about unchecking the Email User option. If you uncheck it, the user will have no way of knowing that you replied.
If you want to add a message for other agents that the user can't see at all, use Notes (see below) instead.
Note that you can also reply directly to a ticket email notification from your email software. See the section on Replying to tickets by email for more details.
Agent notes
Notes are messages intended for viewing only by other agents. They show up in the message history as usual, and agents will be notified of them according to their preferences, but they are not sent to the user by email, or visible on the portal.
Click the Note tab to enter a note.
Your signature is not added to notes you create.
You can convert a normal ticket message to a note, or vice versa, by using the gear icon to the right of the note or message.
If no messages have ever been added to a ticket, the ticket is not shown at all on the user portal.
Using ticket CC to copy in users
Adding a user to the ticket CC field means they will be copied in on ticket email messages, even though they are not the main user associated with the ticket.
You must enter the exact email address for the person.
CCs enable multiple users to track the progress of the ticket. When a user is added to the ticket CC:
- they are cc'd on outgoing emails about the ticket.
- they can view and reply to the ticket when they log in to the portal, and mark it as resolved.
Any user who is cc'd into the original email which created the ticket will automatically be added as a CC user (up to a limit of 10 email addresses).
Agents cannot be CCed to a ticket; the equivalent for agents is adding them as ticket Followers (see Ticket assignment). If an agent is cc:ed into the original email, they will be added as a follower (although your admins may have disabled this feature).
Note that the CC users will only be copied in on outgoing emails from Deskpro; the main user associated with the ticket must use "Reply All" from their email software for the CCed users to see their messages.
Another way to allow multiple users to track the progress of a ticket is using Organization Managers (see Organizations). An organization manager can see all the tickets from their organization, even if they are not the main user or CCed.
Ticket message formatting
You can apply rich text formatting to your reply using the controls above the text area. They work a lot like the formatting controls in word processing software.
The text style buttons are:
- B for bold
- I for italics
- U for underlined text
- A for colored text (select the color after you click on it)
You can use these buttons in two ways:
- Toggle: without any text selected, click a button to apply the relevant style to everything you type from that point on. Click it again to stop.
- Paint: select some text, then click a button to apply the relevant style to the selection. Click it again with the same selection to remove that style.
You can toggle bold with the keyboard shortcut
Ctrl-B and italics with
To the right of the text styling controls are buttons which apply formatting to your current paragraph, or all paragraphs under the selection area:
- bullet list
- numbered list
- shift paragraph left
- shift paragraph right
The button enables you to insert an image into the body of the message. You can either upload an image file from your desktop, or provide the web address of an image file.
The button enables you to insert a clickable web link or email address into your message.
Reply drafts
If you start a ticket message or note and close the ticket tab or browser window before you send it, the draft version is automatically saved.
Simply re-open the ticket to see the draft message and continue editing it.
Using links in messages
To insert a clickable link to a website or file server:
- Optionally, highlight some text you want to turn into a link.
- Click the icon, then click Insert link.
- The default URL link type is used for inserting a web link.
- Enter the full address in the URL field e.g.
- Enter the text for the link in the Text field e.g. "our troubleshooting guide" - if you highlighted some existing text, it will appear here.
- Check the Open link in a new tab box if you want the link to open in a new tab when the user clicks it. (This will usually happen anyway, depending on how they read their email).
The result is the link our troubleshooting guide which goes to
To insert a clickable email address that will open a new email in the user's email client:
- Optionally, highlight some text you want to turn into an email link.
- Click the and click Insert link.
- Select the Email link type.
- Enter the email address in the Email field e.g.
- Enter the text for the link in the Text field e.g. "email our sales team".
To remove a link, highlight it, press the button and click Unlink.
Quick-linking to Knowledgebase articles and downloads
You can quickly direct users to Knowledgebase content if you keep the ticket you're working on open in the content pane.
Open the relevant Knowledgebase articles or downloads in the list pane.
For articles, you can use the page/arrow icon to insert the full article contents into a ticket message.
For articles and downloads, you can use the page/chain icon to insert a link to the item.
Automatic translation plugin
If your admins have installed the Microsoft Translator plugin, you will see a control to translate the message content between languages.
Note that this is automatic translation, and quality of results can vary. Be cautious when sending automatically translated replies in a language you don't understand.
When adding a note to a ticket, you can alert another agent to it using @mentions. This is useful if you want to quickly get another agent's advice on a ticket.
Type @ within a note, and then start typing the agent's name - you'll see a list of matching suggestions.
Click on the agent you want to notify.
Enter the rest of your note. When you click Add Note, the agent you mentioned will be notified by IM that you mentioned them.
Exactly how the agent is notified when somebody @mentions them depends on their Notes with @mentions setting, accessible through Preferences at the top right of the user interface under the Ticket Notifications tab.
They can choose either:
- Always receive an email and an agent IM message
- Receive an agent IM message if online, and an email if you're not logged in to Deskpro
Note that the @mention IM notifications use the agent IM system, not user chat; you will receive them even if you are logged out of user chat in the toolbar.


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The power of the fine art of bullshit!
When bullshit becomes an art there is no telling what can be achieved with mere words. Words have the power to change your needs and desires, words can make or break a powerful business, words controls technological advances, and words determine if macroeconomic models works or fails. Words are the single most important factor that regulates the power of a nation and between nations.
© economizeit.net


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Maine is one of the most pot-loving states in America, according to the Estately.com blog. More than California. More than even Vermont(!).
Estately, a real estate site, complies rankings of states based on a series of criteria they make up. A recent one said Mainers had very little in common with Donald Trump, which included the number of businesses per capita offering spray tans.
From Estately.com
The pot list ranks states by percentage of marijuana users, the affordability of marijuana, the number of cannabis-related Google searches, whether pot has been legalized and how many people are fans of marijuana-themed publications' Facebook pages.
The top two states, no surprise, are Colorado and Washington, both of which have legalized recreational marijuana.
Portland's marijuana legalization ordinance was no doubt a big help with this list, as was the price of marijuana. Estately uses priceofweed.com as its source. That site lets people submit the price and quality of their latest marijuana purchase and ranks Maine as one of the more affordable states.
"This is going to shock a lot of people in Vermont," Estately writes of Maine's ranking. Citing the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Estately says more than 10.2 percent of Mainers admit to having smoked pot in the past month, the third highest of any state.


text:
- changed status to resolved
Thanks Nathan, this should be fixed in 718ec347b6ab
I had trouble building bx-python with
sudo python setup.py install
The problem was that cython lib/bx/bbi/bigwig_file.c was not present: I fixed the problem with cython lib/bx/bbi/bigwig_file.pyx and then everything worked fine.
Presumably the source file was accidentally excluded from the repository?
Thanks, Nathan Boley
Thanks Nathan, this should be fixed in 718ec347b6ab


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The Forum "New energy investment opportunities of Tajikistan – the way forward", which was conducted under the chairmanship of the member of the European Parliament Struan Stevenson, was attended by the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon, heads of relevant ministries and departments of Tajikistan, Energy Charter Secretary General Urban Rusnak, Senior Vice President of Total company Michael Borrel, President of Tetis Petroleum Company David Robson, and leaders and high-ranking representatives of many authoritative European companies.
At the beginning, the President of the country Emomali Rahmon briefed the participants on the abundant opportunities for investment in the economy of Tajikistan and favorable political and legal climate created for businessmen and investors.
Such opportunities were presented in detail by the Chairman of the State Committee on Investments and State Property Management Davlatali Saidov and Minister of Energy and Industry Gul Sherali.
Detailed information was offered on abundant opportunities of investment in different sectors of Tajik economy, like energy, including areas of hydropower, oil and gas, industry, extraction and processing of minerals, production, processing and export of agricultural products, aluminum and others.
From among the foreign partners of Tajikistan in energy sphere, first of all Energy Charter Secretary General Urban Rusnak spoke at the forum and named the prospects of development of this sphere in Tajikistan as quite promising.
Tetis Petroleum company President David Robson stated that "Tajikistan can become one of the great countries in the region with its abundant oil and gas resources, first of all in Amudarya basin". As he noted, there are 27,5 billion barrels of oil, 3,22 trillion cubic meters of gas and 8,5 billion barrels of oil condensate only in Amudarya River basin.
The Senior Vice President of Total Company Michael Borrel named the engagement of his company in the economy of Tajikistan as a good opportunity for development of the country. As he mentioned, his company has more than 700 representations in 130 countries of the world and its annual revenue is equal to 200 billion USD. Only in 2013 this company intends to invest in different countries of the world 28 billion US Dollars. According to Michael Borrel, joint engagement of companies – Total, Tetis Petroleum and CNPC of China will lead to a great leap in the enhancement of oil and gas sector in Tajikistan.
Much attention was paid to possibilities of participation in the implementation of promising projects of Tajikistan in the hydropower sphere. As it turned out, fruitful use of water and energy resources of Tajikistan will cause an unprecedented socio-economic development of the whole region, as electricity shortage is felt in many countries of this wide region.


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'The media's role is to discredit me', Hlaudi Motsoeneng tells Zondo commission
11 September 2019
Despite the Wits Business School denying claims made by embattled former SABC COO Hlaudi Motsoeneng that he had lectured at the university, Motsoeneng remains adamant that he was invited on at least three occasions.
During his second day of testimony at the state capture inquiry on Wednesday morning, Motsoeneng told inquiry chairperson Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo that there was a SABC video clip which showed him lecturing at the university.
"I think the media's role is to discredit me. Yesterday [Tuesday], I spoke about lecturing at Wits - it is true, chairperson. It doesn't mean, when I say I lectured there, I was employed," he said.
He also told Zondo that he was concerned about media reports, which indicated he was at the commission to defend himself.
While testifying on Tuesday afternoon, Motsoeneng said he wanted to thank the SABC, because: "I lecture at the universities. I wonder how many people are saying I am uneducated."
"Even at Wits Business School, I lecture and my lectures about leadership, they have turned them as part of their syllabus. Who said I am uneducated, chairperson?" Hlaudi questioned.
'I am here to tell you the truth, whether wrong or right'
However, Wits University hit back in a tweet, saying: "Hlaudi Motsoeneng was invited to take part in a breakfast panel discussion at WBS on 6 Dec 2013. A guest speaker does not make an academic.
"At no stage has Mr Motsoeneng lectured at WBS, nor has any material authored by him formed part of the curriculum of any of our programmes."But Motsoeneng responded to this on Wednesday, saying the tweet is wrong. "The media has twisted what I said in this commission, chairperson."
"I am here to tell you the truth, whether wrong or right," he added.
Motsoeneng also told the commission about the decision he made in 2016 to ban protest coverage at the SABC.
He said he made the decision as the COO at the time, and he took ownership.
"I stand by the decision, wrong or right," he said.
Motsoeneng previously told the commission that the decision he made to ban the coverage of protests in 2016 was within the scope of the Broadcasting Act, adding that it was his job to interfere in certain decisions, News24 earlier reported.
Newsroom 'abused'
Last week, one of the so-called SABC 8, Krivani Pillay, told the commission that when Motsoeneng decided to ban the coverage of protest action in 2016, it was the start of alleged capture.
Pillay said Motsoeneng cancelled a show on SAfm after it criticised his decision. She also told Zondo that the newsroom had been "abused" and that there were a lot of people who disagreed with him.
The SABC 8 was the name given to eight journalists who were fired after they spoke out against Motsoeneng's censorship of protest footage.
The eight journalists were Vuyo Mvoko, Thandeka Gqubule-Mbeki, Suna Venter, Krivani Pillay, Lukhanyo Calata, Foeta Krige, Jacques Steenkamp and Busisiwe Ntuli.
In June 2017, Venter died, reportedly from "broken heart disease".
Pillay said, as the executive producer of The Editors Show on SAfm at the time, she learnt about the protest footage policy through the SABC's media statement in May 2016. She said Motsoeneng's decision was discussed and criticised on the show.
But this did not sit well with the former COO.
Pillay said, after 48 hours, Motsoeneng called her and Krige into a meeting, saying that the programme had brought the SABC into disrepute. She said the show was cancelled immediately.


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Indigenous Ministries
Mount Druitt Indigenous Church, New South Wales
Rick and Kayleen Manton currently serve at the Mount Druitt Indigenous Church. In 2020 they will be serving the Indigenous Christian Community at large.
For more information about Indigenous Ministry please download this information sheet on Indigenous Ministry.
To support Rick and Kayleen financially please go here.
Mount Magnet, Western Australia
Mount Magnet, Western Australia, is a mining town located 6 hours drive north-west of Perth. It is a regional centre with a population of approximately 750 people.
The town has a significant Aboriginal population and for this reason, APWM has entered into a partnership with PIM to help fund the cost of a new Patrol Padre for Mount Magnet. God-willing, in late 2014 Surendra Wesley together with his wife May'an will commence ministry as the PIM Padre at the Mount Magnet Patrol. We are currently trying to raise $30,000 for this to take place. Please join us in prayer for this ministry.
To support Surendra and May'an financially please go here.


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The 57 Bus: A True Story of Two Teenagers and the Crime that Changed Their Lives is SO well done. Wow. Just such a fantastic book about this case. It is a real-life example of living in the grey. I can't recommend this book enough.
It is VERY hard for me to believe that this book was the winner of the YALSA Non-fiction Award and The 57 Bus was a finalist. 1954 all over again. For sure.
What's Going On Here?
There are SO MANY wonderful book review blogs out there and I can't compete with them, that is for sure. So this is not a book review blog. This is just a way for me to organize what I have read so that I can be better at matching the right book to the right person. The blog title comes from the brilliant mind of the most talented woman who ever lived, Ms. Judy Garland. The full quote is, "Always be a first-rate version of yourself, instead of a second-rate version of someone else." That is what I hope to do here and in ever aspect of my life.
Monday, March 12, 2018
Such a great book
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text:
The Documentary
Out of the Silence was originally created as a short documentary in 2007. With so much fascinating content left out of the short film, we decided a feature film needed to be made. After a successful micro Kickstarter campaign in 2011 and many twists and turns the project has emerged "out of the silence" reformatted as a docu-series to give it the proper platform it deserves.
The Docu-Series
Out of the Silence has been restructured into a 11 episode docu-series. Each episode delves into the mystery and impact of sound, frequency, and vibration on our world as we explore the different modalities that have emerged to utilize sound for healing. From ancient practices to modern technologies and therapies we learn and experience the incredible power of sound and the implications for personal and planetary well being.
Production & Distribution
The series is still in production and currently open to investors and distributors. Please contact us with inquiries and join our mailing list to find out about future screenings & events.


text:
Oliver Reed *, Patrick B Allen , Grant Caddy , John Eccles , Tony CK Tham
Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald BT16 1RH, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Academic Editor: Tatsuo Kanda
Special Issue: New and Old Therapeutic Options for Crohn's Disease
Received: January 28, 2019 | Accepted: March 19, 2019 | Published: March 26, 2019
OBM Hepatology and Gastroenterology 2019, volume 3, issue 1 doi:10.21926/obm.hg.1901015
Recommended citation: Reed O, Allen PB, Caddy G, Eccles J, Tham TCK. Endoscopic Management of Crohn's Disease Strictures. OBM Hepatology and Gastroenterology 2019;3(1):11; doi:10.21926/obm.hg.1901015
© 2019 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is correctly cited.
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which can result in luminal stenosis and up to 90% of patients requiring surgery during their lifetime. Medical management aims to reduce the inflammatory burden to prevent the development of inflammatory strictures, progression to fibro-stenosis and subsequent obstructive symptoms. Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a well-established, safe technique in the management of short strictures to prevent patients having multiple surgical resections. In this review the evidence and safety of EBD for colonic and small bowel strictures will be discussed as well as adjuvant techniques (including endoscopic stenting and endoscopic intralesional therapy), current trials and new evidence on the medical management of stricturing disease.
Endoscopic; Crohn's disease
1. Introduction
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterised by transmural inflammation of intestinal tissue with a natural tendency to affect the distal small intestine and proximal large bowel [1]. This can result in stenosis of the small and large bowel with up to 90% of patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgery during their lifetime [2,3,4].
Approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease are observed to develop intestinal strictures within 10 years of disease diagnosis [5]. These strictures can be inflammatory, fibrotic or mixed [6]. The likelihood of development tends to be exacerbated by well identified poor prognostic factors such as diagnosis under 40 years of age, the presence of peri-anal disease, the early use of corticosteroids in treatment [7] and smoking [8]. All of these risk factors are predictors of disabling disease.
Medical management using immunomodulator and biologic agents aims to reduce the inflammatory burden in Crohn's disease to prevent the development of inflammatory strictures and progression to fibro-stenosis. Despite this a high proportion of patients will require surgery and up to 50% of these patients will require subsequent operations [9,10,11]. Recurrent bowel resections lead to an increased risk of short bowel syndrome, potential need for parenteral nutrition and reduced quality of life in patients living with Crohn's disease. Therefore bowel-conserving strategies such as strictureplasty and endoscopic balloon dilatation are better used in managing these patients.
In order to write this narrative review a literature search was performed to assess all relevant meta analysis and journal articles found in PubMed using the following key words: "Crohn's disease", "Crohn's" and "stricture" or "endoscopic dilatation" or "balloon dilatation".
2. Balloon Dilatation for Crohn's Strictures
Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a well-established treatment modality and involves the use of a through-the-scope balloon catheter to pneumatically dilate a stricture under direct visualisation. This can be aided through the assistance of wire guidance or fluoroscopy in more complex cases. Benign colonic and ileocolonic anastomotic strictures can be easily treated using a balloon dilator through an adult colonoscope, however small bowel dilatation can also be performed using push enteroscopy (duodenal or proximal strictures) or balloon assisted enteroscopy (for mid or distal small bowel strictures) with either an anterograde or retrograde approach.
There is a large body of evidence which reports good results for endoscopic dilatation of fibrotic native, anastomotic colonic and small bowel strictures (see Table 1 and 2) and its use is recommended by The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation(ECCO) and the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG) for the management of colonic and small bowel strictures under 4cm, based on the systematic review by Hassan et al [12,13]. This review in 2007 demonstrated that the only predictor of surgery-free follow-up at multivariate analysis was a short stricture where stricture length is usually <4cm.
More recently regarding the efficacy of colonic dilatation in Crohn's disease strictures, a meta-analysis of 25 studies involving over 1,000 patients and 2,664 dilatations demonstrated the proportion of patients who required further dilatation at 1, 2 and 5 years of follow up was 31.6%, 25.9% and 1.7% respectively. The resulting cumulative proportion of patients requiring further dilatation over 5 years was 80.6% [14].
Much fewer studies with smaller numbers of patients have been performed in relation to small bowel strictures. Hirari et al [15] demonstrated a short term success rate of 80% in 65 patients with small bowel Crohn's disease strictures. Complications were observed in six of the 65 patients (which included bleeding, perforation and pancreatitis) and seventeen patients (26.2%) ultimately underwent surgery during the observation period of the study. Cumulative surgery-free rate after initial dilatation was 79% at 2 years and 73% at 3 years. However the re-dilatation rate was high; in 52 of the successful cases the cumulative dilatation-free rate after initial balloon dilatation was 64% at 2 years and 47% at 3 years.
De novo strictures have better technical success when dilated than anastomotic strictures. This was highlighted in a literature review by Bettenworth et al [16] analysing over 3000 dilatation procedures. However the review concluded that there was no long term difference between outcomes in dilatation of de novo vs anastomotic strictures. Other factors that were highlighted in this review included that there was no association with symptom recurrence and predictive factors for repeat dilatations. Also for every 1cm increase in stricture length there is an increased hazard for surgery and strictures less than 5cm are associated with higher surgery free outcome with or without correction for stricture location and type of stricture. In terms of complications the stricture location, type, length, disease activity, balloon calibre, length and pressure were not associated with increased risk of complications. Major complications were defined as perforations, bleeding, intra-abdominal abscesses or fistulas. No study seems to suggest that severe inflammation is a risk factor for perforation when a stricture is dilated, although care should be taken and that recurrence is more likely as demonstrated by Hoffman et al [17]. In regards to balloon diameter it was further demonstrated by Bettenworth that the calibre of dilation was associated with significantly higher rates of technical success, but did not result in increased rates of clinical efficacy and reduced need for redilation or surgery, and that complication rates stayed the same independent of balloon diameter.
There is minimal data on dilatations for Crohn's strictures in the upper Gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Bettenworth et al [18] recently performed a multi-centred meta-analysis in 94 patients with Crohn's disease who underwent balloon dilatation for upper GI strictures associated with the disease. The conclusion of this study was that balloon dilatation is an effective alternative to surgery with a high rate of short-term technical (100%) and clinical success (87%), moderate long-term efficacy (median follow up of 23 months) and an acceptable rate of complications - 2.9% of all procedures.
A study by Li et al [19] compared the perioperative outcomes of patients who had surgery for failure of endoscopic balloon dilatation with those outcomes in patients who underwent resection first for ileocolonic anastomotic stricture caused by recurrent Crohn's disease. This study showed that patients requiring salvage surgery after failure of endoscopic balloon dilatation for ileocolonic anastomotic stricture have an increased incidence of stoma diversion and postoperative surgical site infection compared with those having early surgical intervention.
Therefore what can we do to improve the management of fibro-stenotic Crohn's disease and improve the efficacy of balloon dilatation in order to reduce the need for surgery?
There are currently no anti-fibrotic therapies licensed for the management of Crohn's disease and no specific diagnostic tests to predict susceptibility to the more debilitating stricturing or penetrating phenotypes of the disease [20].
3. Intralesional Injection for Crohn's Disease Strictures
The use of intralesional steroid injection (through the use of Triamcinolone in the management of benign peptic, corrosive, anastomotic or post-radiotherapy fibrotic strictures [21]) has not currently been shown to be beneficial in adult Crohn's strictures [16] however was previously beneficial in paediatric Crohn's strictures [22]. ECCO's position on this is that the evidence is retrospective and uncontrolled, therefore it is not recommended [23]. Conversely a prospective randomised control trial with 13 patients with Crohn's disease was terminated early after reporting that triamcinolone injection led to an earlier need for re-dilatation and worse outcome when compared with placebo [24].
In small case reports and series there has been some benefit seen in the endoscopic injection of intralesional anti TNF therapy with an improvement in stricture appearance and symptoms [25,26]. Larger trials are currently ongoing in regards to this treatment modality and may show benefit for this in the future [27].
4. Stents for Crohn's Disease Strictures
Endoscopic metallic stent insertion has been trialled in small numbers in patients with Crohn's (some with and without stent removal). The technical success rate was reported to be high (up to 100%), but has complications: migration, surgery to remove, perforation and obstruction [28]. Different authors have differing opinions on the duration of how long these should be left in for. A review by Loras et al [29] in 2016 included 16 studies for this indication. Most of these are small series of fewer than 10 patients with a wide variety of different stents (partially, fully covered and uncovered self expanding metal stents). The review demonstrated a high clinical success – up to 80%. The authors felt that a safe duration for removal was a mean time of 4 weeks. However, Attar et al [30] demonstrated that removal after 1 week was more appropriate in order to prevent complications. Furthermore, one study group did not feel that stent migration should be considered an adverse outcome, provided the patient did not develop obstruction. Attar et al suggested that more evidence is required and further work on the design of anti-migration stents might reduce the risk of distal migration and impaction. More evidence is clearly required to demonstrate the efficacy endoscopic stenting and its short term and long term benefits. This will hopefully be answered by a large multicentred randomised controlled trial that is currently recruiting in Spain, aiming to assess the efficacy of balloon dilatation versus self-expanding metallic stent placement for endoscopic treatment of stenosis in Crohn´s Disease [31].
Biodegradable stents have also been trialled. In one study undertaken in 6 patients initial technical success was again high (83%), however only 1 patient had clinical benefit whilst the others clinically failed due to stent overgrowth, migration and stent collapse [32].
Currently the intra-luminal use of injection corticosteroids, anti-TNF agents or the use of luminal stents are not recommended by ECCO [23].
5. Escalation of Medical Therapy and Balloon Dilatation for Crohn's Disease Strictures
There has been some recent promising data that has come from Ding et al [33] in the medical management of Crohn's strictures. The escalation of patients to combination medical therapy in Crohn's anastomotic strictures with active inflammation at the site of the anastomosis was found to decrease the need for repeat dilatation and surgery. In further subgroup analysis escalation to anti-TNF therapy was the only medication found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of repeat dilatation. One of the limitations of this study was that in each case the degree of luminal narrowing caused by inflammation versus fibrosis was unknown and escalation of medical treatment would have been biased towards those with active inflammation.
This study also demonstrated that the more severe the disease activity at initial endoscopy (Rutgeerts i4) the greater risk of future surgical resection. When active inflammation is present escalation of therapy to include at least an anti-TNF is necessary to augment the natural history of Crohn's disease and improve clinical outcomes.
The only other study which demonstrates data similar to this is Honzawa et al [34]. In this study the mean number of dilatation procedures was significantly lower in patients commenced on immunomodulator therapy pre-dilatation vs. post dilatation. Of note there was no significant difference in the intervals between dilatations in each group.
6. Conclusion
Crohn's disease strictures are unfortunately common and patients frequently require intervention such as repeated dilatations and surgical resection which can be debilitating for patients. Medical therapies are moving towards earlier and effective treatment to reduce bowel inflammation and therefore complications such as strictures and fistulas which commonly require surgical intervention. When patients require surgery for Crohn's disease anastomotic disease recurrence is common and earlier treatment post operatively may reduce inflammation and thereby stricturing disease [35].
In Crohn's disease strictures less than 5cm in length endoscopic balloon dilatation is less invasive than surgery, is safer and shows good short and long term results. Although it may not be able to prevent surgery in all patients, it has been shown to delay its need [16]. New evidence that escalation of therapy in those with active inflammation at the site of an anastomosis to include combination therapy with an immunomodulator and anti-TNF shows a reduction in the need for repeat dilatation and reduces the number of patients requiring surgery. Now that there is some evidence for this hopefully this treatment method can be applied in the future in order to better manage these patients. The total number of dilatations that a patient requires will ultimately depend on their clinical response and disease status [16]. In the near future however there may be more therapeutic options with evidence from upcoming randomised control trials available to us to manage these patients [27,31]. This will hopefully reduce long term disability that can be associated with Crohn's disease [36].
Table 1 Colonic large bowel dilatation.
Table 2 Small bowel dilatation.
Author Contributions
Oliver Reed wrote the manuscript with input and guidance from Patrick B Allen, Grant Caddy, John Eccles and Tony CK Tham.
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Feldman M, Friedman L, Brandt L. Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease – 2 Volume Set: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 10th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2016.
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- Li Y, Stocchi L, Shen B, Liu X, Remzi FH. Salvage surgery after failure of endoscopic balloon dilatation versus surgery first for ileocolonic anastomotic stricture due to recurrent Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 2015; 102: 1418-1425. [CrossRef]
- Rieder F, Lawrance IC, Leite A, Sans M. Predictors of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011; 17: 2000-2007. [CrossRef]
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- Di Nardo G, Oliva S, Passariello M, Pallotta N, Civitelli F, Frediani S, et al. Intralesional steroid injection after endoscopic balloon dilation in pediatric Crohn's disease with stricture: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010; 72: 1201-1208. [CrossRef]
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- East JE, Brooker JC, Rutter MD, Saunders BP. A pilot study of intrastricture steroid versus placebo injection after balloon dilatation of Crohn's strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5: 1065-1069. [CrossRef]
- Swaminath A, Lichtiger S. Dilation of colonic strictures by intralesional injection of infliximab in patients with Crohn's colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008; 14: 213-216. [CrossRef]
- Sorrentino D, Avellini C, Beltrami CA, Pasqual E, Zearo E. Selective effect of infliximab on the inflammatory component of a colonic stricture in Crohn's disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006; 21: 276-281. [CrossRef]
- Adalimumab intralesional in intestinal strictures of Crohn's disease patients. Clinical Trials. gov; 2018; Identifier: NCT01986127.
- Attar A, Maunoury V, Vahedi K, Vernier-Massouille G, Vida S, Bulois P, et al. Safety and efficacy of extractible self-expandable metal stents in the treatment of Crohn's disease intestinal strictures: A prospective pilot study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012; 18: 1849-1854. [CrossRef]
- Loras Alastruey C, Andújar Murcia X, Esteve Comas M. The role of stents in the treatment of Crohn's disease strictures. Endosc Int open. 2016; 4: E301-E308.
- Attar A. Stent for Crohn's disease strictures: Which one and when? Endosc Int open. 2016; 4: E309-E310.
- Comparative prospective multicenter randomized study of endoscopic treatment of stenosis in Crohn´s disease. Clinical Trials. gov; 2019; Identifier: NCT02395354.
- Karstensen JG, Christensen KR, Brynskov J, Rønholt C, Vilmann P, Hendel J. Biodegradable stents for the treatment of bowel strictures in Crohn's disease: technical results and challenges. Endosc Int open. 2016; 4: E296-E300.
- Ding NS, Yip WM, Choi CH, Saunders B, Thomas-Gibson S, Arebi N, et al. Endoscopic dilatation of Crohn's anastomotic strictures is effective in the long term, and escalation of medical therapy improves outcomes in the biologic era. J Crohn's Colitis. 2016; 10: 1172-1178. [CrossRef]
- Honzawa Y, Nakase H, Matsuura M, Higuchi H, Toyonaga T, Matsumura K, et al. Prior use of immunomodulatory drugs improves the clinical outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for intestinal stricture in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Endosc. 2013; 25: 535-543. [CrossRef]
- De Cruz P, Kamm MA, Hamilton AL, Ritchie KJ, Krejany EO, Gorelik A, et al. Crohn's disease management after intestinal resection: A randomised trial. Lancet. 2015; 385: 1406-1417. [CrossRef]
- Allen PB, Gower-Rousseau C, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Preventing disability in inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2017; 10: 865-876. [CrossRef]
- Blomberg B, Rolny P, Järnerot G. Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic strictures in Crohn's disease. Endoscopy. 1991; 23: 195-198. [CrossRef]
- Breysem Y, Janssens JF, Coremans G, Vantrappen G, Hendrickx G, Rutgeerts P. Endoscopic balloon dilation of colonic and ileo-colonic Crohn's strictures: Long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992; 38: 142-147. [CrossRef]
- Couckuyt H, Gevers AM, Coremans G, Hiele M, Rutgeerts P. Efficacy and safety of hydrostatic balloon dilatation of ileocolonic Crohn's strictures: A prospective longterm analysis. Gut. 1995; 36: 577-580. [CrossRef]
- Ramboer C, Verhamme M, Dhondt E, Huys S, Van Eygen K, Vermeire L. Endoscopic treatment of stenosis in recurrent Crohn's disease with balloon dilation combined with local corticosteroid injection. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995; 42: 252-255. [CrossRef]
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- Dear KL, Hunter JO. Colonoscopic hydrostatic balloon dilatation of Crohn's strictures. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001; 33: 315-318. [CrossRef]
- Morini S, Hassan C, Lorenzetti R, Zullo A, Cerro P, Winn S, et al. Long-term outcome of endoscopic pneumatic dilatation in Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2003; 35: 893-897. [CrossRef]
- Thomas-Gibson S, Brooker JC, Hayward CMM, Shah SG, Williams CB, Saunders BP. Colonoscopic balloon dilation of Crohn's strictures. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003; 15: 485-488.
- Ajlouni Y, Iser JH, Gibson PR. Endoscopic balloon dilatation of intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease: Safe alternative to surgery. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 22: 486-490. [CrossRef]
- Ferlitsch A, Reinisch W, Püspök A, Dejaco C, Schillinger M, Schöfl R, et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation for treatment of Crohn's disease strictures. Endoscopy. 2006; 38: 483-487. [CrossRef]
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Older vehicles to be exempt from MOTs
MOT rules are set to change for old cars. Currently, vehicles registered before 1960 are not required to pass the annual test, but from May 2018 that's all set to change. The law will be amended so that any vehicles aged 40 years or over will not be required to be tested, so for 2018 that's anything older than 1978, from next year 1979.
Great news for classic car owners but a disaster for road safety?
As it stands there are around 197,000 vehicles exempt from the annual MOT test, but this will more than double when the new rules come in to force, with an extra 293,000 untested cars and motorbikes allowed on the road, taking the total figure to nearly half a million vehicles.
The thinking behind the law change is that old vehicles fall in to the category of classic cars, and so tend to be well looked after by their owners and driven infrequently. However, there are concerns that allowing more untested vehicles on to our roads could reduce safety standards and lead to more accidents.
Do you think this a sensible move or should all vehicles on the road be required to pass an annual MOT test? Let us know your thoughts!


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The power to generate a spiral/vortex of ice. Sub-power of Ice Attacks. Variation of Elemental Vortex Creation.
Also Called
- Freezing Tornado/Vortex Creation/Generation
- Ice Tornado Creation/Generation
Users can generate spirals/vortices composed of ice. The vortex can be projected as a long ranged attack or as a tornado of ice for both offensive and/or defensive purposes.
- May not be able to generate ice, instead being limited to already-existing sources
Known Users
- Big Chill (Ben 10)
- Gray Fullbuster (Fairy Tail)
- Natsume (Ranma 1/2)
- Ranma Saotome (Ranma 1/2)
- Rutee Katrea (Tales of Destiny)
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Starlet explores the unlikely friendship between 21 year-old aspiring actress Jane (Dree Hemingway) and elderly widow Sadie (Besedka Johnson) after their worlds collide in California's San Fernando Valley. Jane spends her time getting high with her dysfunctional roommates and taking care of her chihuahua Starlet, while Sadie passes her days alone, tending to her garden. After a confrontation at a yard sale, Jane finds something unexpected in a relic from Sadie's past. Her curiosity piqued, she tries to befriend the caustic older woman. Secrets emerge as their relationship grows, revealing that nothing is ever as it seems. Featuring exceptional debut performances by Dree Hemingway (great granddaughter of Ernest and daughter of Mariel) and 85 year-old Besedka Johnson, who received a Special Jury Recognition at SxSW. Director Sean Baker stops by to talk about his provocative, haunting, unpredictable, and surprisingly sweet film.
Winner Locarno International Film Festival 2012 – First Prize Junior Jury
Winner Hamptons International Film Festival 2011 – Breakthrough Performer, Dree Hemingway
Winner Reykjavik International Film Festival 2011 – Fipresci Critics' Award
Winner SXSW Film Festival 2011 – Special Jury Prize
Locarno International Film Festival 2012 Golden Leopard Award Nominee – Sean Baker


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Marketing Campaigns
Marketing Campaigns
Knowing how your clients think and think does not serve you unless you decide to use this information. This is where Chent Creative is able to combine our marketing knowledge and the information gained from your clients and the market your operating in. Whether you are operating online or offline, your company will profit from a well-executed marketing campaign.
Examples of purposes of marketing campaigns:
- Building brand awareness
- Realizing more sales, traffic or leads
- Engaging with your target audience
A Marketing Campaign tailored to your company
Without a doubt, your company will benefit from a marketing campaign executed by Chent Creative. Curious to find out what Chent Creative's marketing campaigns can do for your company? Contact us to find out how a marketing campaign adjusted to your company can help you reach your goals.


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Navy corpsman Michael Strong has won a cash prize with 26 of the 27 lottery scratch-off game tickets he's bought for $20 each over the years.
He just won his biggest prize with a ticket he purchased in the NC Education Lottery: $1 million, officials said.
Strong bought the $150 Million Cash Explosion ticket on Wednesday at the Scotchman on South Wilmington Street in Richlands, according to a lottery news release.
Richlands is a town of about 1,500 people in Onslow County, just north of Jacksonville on the North Carolina coast.
Strong has been stationed all over the world and is currently in Waianae, Hawaii. He won the prize when he was back home in Richlands to do some work on his home, lottery officials said.
"I decided to play this game because $20 tickets are my lucky tickets," Strong told lottery officials when he claimed his prize at lottery headquarters in Raleigh on Thursday. "I always win when I play them."
He beat odds of 1 in 1.8 million with his latest win, according to the lottery website.
"My friends were joking with me about my luck," he said, according to the lottery release. "They said I should buy a ticket since I was back in town. So I took a break from the fence I was building, bought a ticket, and won $1 million!"
Choosing between an annuity with 20 payments of $50,000 a year or a $600,000 lump sum, Strong chose the lump sum. After tax withholdings, he took home $424,506, officials said.
Strong told lottery officials that he will invest the money and pay off bills.
This article is written by Joe Marusak from The Charlotte Observer and was legally licensed via the Tribune Content Agency through the NewsCred publisher network. Please direct all licensing questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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- Details
- Besetzung
- Crew
- Genres
- Dokumentarfilm
- Krieg
- For more than five decades, Kenneth W. Rendell was on a mission. Find out about his mission—a once-private Museum of World War II, which is now open to everyone—in this documentary narrated by legendary comedian, actor and writer Dan Aykroyd. From the end of World War I and the rise of Nazism to the start of World War II and the fight in Europe and the Pacific, Rendell's display of more than 6,000 World War II artifacts and documents has been called the "greatest in the world" by famed historian Stephen E. Ambrose. Numerous pieces have even been loaned for exhibitions to other collections, from California to Berlin, and the Holocaust Museum to London's Imperial War Museum. Explore the exhibits as the more than 50 interviews with veterans and survivors of the war help describe the meaning of the items.
- Audio:
- Englisch
- Untertitel:
- -
- Länge:
- 56 Min.
- Altersfreigabe:
- 0
- Jahr:
- 2014
- Land:


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EOM Moving is the number one moving company in Forest Hills, NY. They are a great team of movers that you can rely on to get the job done efficiently, affordably and safely.
Don't fear damaged items, because that's not how EOM Moving does business. Expect a timely move each and every time.
If you would like to learn more about EOM Moving, give them a call today.


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Fitness Life
Why Range Of Motion Is Important
Range of motion is one of the aspects that people overlook. Many sacrifices range of motion for more weights. That is something we see in the gym every single day. I always believe that range of motion is one of the important area to consider during training whether you are a beginner or an...Continue reading
The Biggest Fitness Myths (Part One)
As a Personal Fitness Trainer, gym members constantly ask me about certain fitness idea and need my view about it. Some are very straight forward, and some of them are just ridiculous. But i always believe that, "there is no stupid question." And I glad that I can clear things out for them. Most...Continue reading
Free weights or Cables Better?
Last week I wrote a blog about Compound and isolation Exercises, and someone ask me about Free weight vs Cable, which one better. I meant to write about this for a while now, so here it is. This has been a topic for a long time in the gym. I used to confuse and...Continue reading
About Me
Quick Facts
FITM Essential Personal Trainer
ACE Personal Trainer
EREPS Personal Trainer EQF 4
Member of Kroppsterapeuternas Yrkesförbund
Areas of Expertise
Fitness Consultant
Strength Training
Weight Loss
English (Fluent)
Mandarin (Native)
Hokkien (Native)
Malaysian (Native)
Swedish (Beginner)
My name is Simon Te. I have been active in the fitness field for more than ten years and I have been working as a full time personal trainer since 2011. I specialize in weight loss, muscular hypertrophy and general strength training. My biggest sport interests are bodybuilding and rugby. I strongly believe that staying fit is the best way to stay away from future health problems.
Personal Trainer, Fitness First
Island Plaza, Penang, Malaysia: 3rd of May 2011 -1st of June 2011
Designing individual training programs based on each client's fitness level and goals. And assisting the clients throughout their workouts to provide coaching and ensure proper execution of exercises.
Personal Trainer, Absolute Fitness
The Heritage Club, Penang, Malaysia: 15th of June 2011 – 30th of September 2011
Performing the work of a personal trainer in the competitive Penang market where clients expects training programs to be both individually adapted and fun. In parallel with the personal trainer tasks also making sure sure the gym is in order and that all the machines are work properly.
PT Manager, Absolute Fitness
The Heritage Club, Penang, Malaysia: 1st of October 2011 – 2nd of February 2013
Leading the group of personal trainers at the club helping them to improve the design of their training routines and their interaction with the clients. Among other things providing weekly training for the trainers and ensuring a good and fun environment for both trainers and clients. Also being responsible for the club meeting the monthly sales target for personal training and making sure that all the equipment in the gyms is in tip top condition.
Personal Trainer, Self Employed
Penang, Malaysia: 1st March 2013 – 31st March 2014
Working with an average of 20 to 25 clients per week designing result oriented training programs and guiding clients toward a healthier lifestyle. At the same time making sure they have fun while going through their training.
Personal Trainer, Self Employed
Stockholm, Sweden: 28th October 2014 – current
Having moved to Sweden and gotten my European qualification I have started up my personal training business in Sweden. I work together with clients to help them achieve their goals for health and wellbeing while having fun at the same time.
Train With Me
Meeting your goals
I am here to help you meet your goals, wether it is loosing weight, gaining strength, adding on muscles or increasing your general fitness level. You decide what you want and together we will make a plan that will make it possible for you to reach your goal. Together, my expertise and your dedication will see change happen.
Working together
Personal training is about working together. I am not here merely to tech you how to use the weights, count your repetitions or give pointers on your diet. I will do that as well, but I will also give honest feedback, encourage you and answer your questions. And together we will work on adjusting your training to keep it fun and purposeful.
Having fun
It should not be boring to keep healthy. Having fun working out and being able to enjoy the food you eat is just as important as the right exercises and a correct diet. When it becomes boring to go to the gym or when a diet becomes a burden, that is when you will risk missing your goals. That is why I believe in having fun to get fit.
One On One Personal Training
30 minutes free counselling
Five 50 minutes sessions
One on one training
Gym access included
Single purchase
30 minutes free counselling
Ten 50 minutes sessions
One on one training
Gym access included
Single purchase
30 minutes free counselling
Fifteen 50 minutes sessions
One on one training
Gym access included
Monthly subscription
30 minutes free counselling
Thirty 50 minutes session
One on one training
Gym access included
Monthly subscription
30 minutes free counselling
Twenty 50 minutes sessions
One on one training
Gym access included
Single purchase
I also offer four months and yearly packages with two sessions per week as well as group training. Contact me for more details if you are interested. Access to Allstars Training Center for our training sessions is always included in the price. The gym is located at Hagagatan 31 in Stockholm.


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FOX13 News, WHBQ FOX 13
The musicians of Grammy-award winning band Bon Iver chose the Women's Council as local partner in their 2 A BILLION campaign during their sold-out performance in the Orpheum on April 1, 2019.
2 A Billion is a domestic violence prevention and gender equity initiative that has reached over 10 million individuals and raised over $300,000 for nonprofits across the U.S. and Europe.
In Memphis, the band auctioned two signed merchandise packages online, shared proceeds from sales of their 2AB-specific tees and from the stage urged fans to support the Council's work to end gender violence and empower women's voices. In the lobby before and during the concert, Women's Council volunteers shared Memphis Says NO MORE materials and information on local efforts to end domestic violence and rape and to help survivors.
Together we will raise our voices to end gender inequality, domestic violence, and sexual abuse toward women. Learn more about 2 A Billion here: https://2abillion.org/
Mayor Jim Strickland has proclaimed March 5-11 Memphis Says NO MORE Week. We celebrate in conjunction with National NO MORE Week, joining our efforts to end DV and SA in our communities.
3700 Central Ave, Memphis, TN 38111, United States
Celebrate women who broke barriers for female artists, who stage a festival showcasing women in theater, who fight for reproductive rights, who speak out about surviving violence, who house the homeless, who create services for Latina victims of partner violence and whose ongoing leadership sustains women's organizations.
Deadline for reservations is March 19.Make reservations for $35 or tables of 10 for $350.
Visit www.memphiswomen.org for credit card orders or make checks payable to Women of Achievement, mailed to Women of Achievement at 2574 Sam Cooper Blvd., Memphis, TN 38112. For more information, call 901-378-3866 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
© 2019, Memphis Area Women's Council
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Introducing the New Harvest Coordinator!
Hi Fruit Loops! I wanted to take a moment to introduce myself! My name is Brenna and I will be serving as the new Harvest Coordinator for Food Forward. For the past three years I have been in the garden, teaching elementary school students the importance of growing and eating their own food. Although garden education is still a passion, I am excited to put down the garden trowel and be a part of the amazing community at Food Forward.
My interest in urban agriculture has its beginnings in Santa Cruz, where I attended UCSC for my undergraduate career. I received a degree in Environmental Studies with a focus on sustainable agroecology. I spent the final years studying on the large farm on campus and becoming familiar with California growing seasons and varieties. After graduation I moved back to Los Angeles and began gardening for people's homes and eventually teaching at elementary schools. When I saw the impact gardens and fresh food have in the everyday lives of the children, I wanted to learn how to translate these benefits to the community or city level. I returned to school and received a Master's in Urban and Regional Planning from Cal Poly Pomona in Spring 2012. During my graduate career, I applied the skills I learned in strategic and communicative planning to analyze the Los Angeles food system. My thesis project focused on community orchards and provided a strategy for creating and sustaining community orchard projects in Los Angeles.
Even though I have only been a part of Food Forward for a short time, I am amazed at the generosity and goodwill of Angelenos. We have a dynamic group of volunteers who donate their time as property scouts, pick leaders, and pickers. We have a hospitable group of property owners who allow us to come into their homes and donate their fruit to those in need. We have a hardworking group of receiving agencies that provide food to those who are in the most need. I am excited to get to know each of you and I am thankful for all the work you do for Food Forward! I look forward to all the picks in the year to come!
Learn more about me on the "About" page of our website: https://foodforward.org/about/our-team/
If you have any questions or would like to learn how you can be a volunteer for Food Forward, contact me at 818-764-1022 x. 3# or email me at email@example.com.


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DC's Becoming Even More Tenant Friendly with "Tenant Bill of Rights"
DC's tenant-friendly laws just got a bit friendlier with the new requirement for landlords to give all potential renters a copy of the "DC Tenant Bill of Rights" (TBR). If you're a landlord or a renter, get ready for the change this summer!
Renters will have the same rights as before but the new provision makes it mandatory for landlords to inform renters of their legal rights via this document.
Now it will be easier for renters to be informed and understand DC tenant laws and regulations. The TBR clearly explains what renters need to know about security deposits, rent increases, eviction procedures, and more.
The official version of the "DC Tenant Bill of Rights" was published on April 3, 2015 and it will take effect 90 days after this date – on July 3, 2015.
Here's what you need to know:
Lowdown for Landlords
- Must provide rental applicants with a copy of the "DC Bill of Rights" (along with other disclosure documents required under the Rental Housing Act) and to have these prospective tenants sign the TBR to confirm receipt. If the landlord fails to have this done then they waive their right to increase the rent during the renter's tenancy.
- Must provide a current tenant, without charge, a copy of the TBR and other disclosure documents within 10 days of a written request by a tenant. The tenant has this right once a year.
- Can obtain a hard copy of the new version of the TBR at the DC Office of Tenant Advocate. Call 202-719-6560 for questions.
Awareness for Tenants
- Prospective tenants must receive a copy of the TBR to sign. This document prepared and printed by the Office of the Tenant Advocate clearly explains 14 "rights."
- Current tenants can make a written request for a copy of the TBR once a year. Their landlord has 10 days to provide a copy.
If you have any questions on the DC Tenant Bill of Rights, don't hesitate to contact us here at Dwell Residential.
And, for you landlords out there (or any potential ones!) don't forget about our How to Be a Landlord Series. In particular, check out the fourth article, "What to Know if You're a DC Landlord," so you can protect yourself and not break the law or face any penalties when renting out your home.


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Comments - Lovely spring scene of beauties on a verandah overlooking the Sumida River. The woman at left smiles at her companions as she gestures across the water, one hand leaning against the railing. The woman in the center wears a burnished black kimono bordered with strawberries, a blue and white towel wrapped around her neck. Trays of food are set out on the floor for a meal, taking advantage of the spring weather. Cherry trees are in bloom and covered with pink and white blossoms, and the opposite shore is busy with pedestrians strolling along the bank and stopping at tea stand decorated with red paper lanterns. A beautiful Kuniyoshi triptych, attractively colored and detailed with fine bokashi shading in the sky.
Artist - Kuniyoshi (1797 - 1861)
Image Size - 29 1/4" x 14 1/4"
Condition - With excellent color and detail. Three separate panels. Some slight thinning or paper remnants at edges. A couple creases at edges. Some light toning and soiling. Please see photos for details. Good overall.


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Picked up a 500mL bottle of this from the brewery today.
It's definitely something more tame for Grand River, but I think it worked out well. The berry aspects are more on the subtle side, and your typical Grand River malt profile shines through a lot. All in all a solid summer beer, just don't expect it to blow your mind.
By the way, the entire Grand River line-up is available in 500mL bottles now at the brewery. Good job Rob, on both this beer, and getting the bottle thing going.


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We continue to offer curbside pickup at our RI facility for phone-in orders only Mon - Fri, 8am - 4:30pm EST.
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A great kiln for Metal Clay and enameling projects. Heats to 1000°F in only 5 minutes (maximum temperature is 2000°F). The QuikFire is a ceramic fiber shell with an embedded element. The shell rests on a ceramic fiber base with steel stand. The unit runs on 120 volts and needs no other heating source. At only 1560 watts, it uses less power than many hair driers. The QuickFire is equipped with a pyrometer, but no temperature control.
Note: Do not leave this kiln unattended when in use. Do not allow temperature to rise above 1950°F. Doing so can lead to over-firing, which will void the warranty.
The built-in pyrometer displays the temperature inside the kiln and indicates when to check on your Art Clay Silver or PMC piece. To see how your work is progressing, simply tilt the shell up a few inches.
The Power Control Box uses an infinite control switch to slow the QuickFire Kiln. Slower firing is necessary for large, thick Art Clay pieces. Simplifies enameling and fusing decals to ceramics or glass.May be used for other kilns rated to 120 volts, 15 amps.
© The Contenti Company | 515 Narragansett Park Drive, Pawtucket, RI 02861 | (800) 343-3364


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Exhibition: "The Portrait in the Royal Collections: from Juan de Flandes to Antonio López".
Royal Palace, Madrid. December 4th, 2014-April 19th, 2015.
In the Early Modern period, as many studies had recently shown us, the royal portraits were sometimes used as a substitute of the royal person itself, as a true embodiment of the royal power. This is a special meaning of the royal visual imagery that had been a little lost in an age dominated by image technology, but we can sense once again in the rooms of temporary exhibition of the Royal Palace of Madrid, where you can see more than a hundred of portraits of different royal people that dominated Europe for more than half a millennium.
In this great exhibition, people can see some of the most important pieces of the Spanish Royal Collections, dating from the XVth century to the present, because the last painting shown here, an image of the late king of Spain Juan Carlos I's family, has been presented to the public for the first time ever in this exhibition. With portraits that range from the painting that Roger van der Weyden made of Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy to the contemporary representation of the king Juan Carlos I made by Dalí, through the works of authors as important as Jakob Seisenegger, Antonio Moro, Juan Pantoja de la Cruz. Peter Paul Rubens, Hyacinthe Rigaud, Jean Ranc o Joaquín Sorolla, among many others, this exhibition show together paintings and sculptures that allow us to see the evolution of the royal representation and the conception of the relationship between image and royal power from the first decades of the Early Modern Age to the present.
However, we must take into account that this exhibition isn't exclusively focused on royal portraits. In fact, it tries to bring to light the most important examples of portraiture kept in the Spanish Royal Collections, so this exhibition shows some portraits that don't represent royal people per se. But if we take into account that, of the 113 pieces shown in this exhibition, only seven of them represent people that aren't usually considered as royals (even if they are members of the court closely linked to the royal family's circle), we can consider this as an exhibition centered around the image of the royal family and the royal power through the centuries.
Even if it's impossible for the people who know well the History of Art linked to the Spanish Monarchy to not miss the famous royal portraits that are shown at the Prado Museum and that aren't in this exhibition, like the magnificent portraits made by Tiziano, the renowned royal representations made by Velázquez or the great Bourbon family paintings made by Van Loo or Goya, this exhibition has the added charm of showing portraits of a extraordinary quality and significance that are usually kept in less known monuments and, as a result, are sometimes almost unfamiliar for the great public. In fact, some of these paintings aren't shown to the public in the places they are usually kept or are in places where they are difficult to see by the visitors; that's why the possibility of enjoying some of the pieces shown in this exhibition can be considered as a real privilege. This is the case, for example, of the marvelous portraits of the little prince and princess Vasa of Poland (we will return to these portraits again later), kept in the magnificent convent of the Descalzas Reales of Madrid and are usually shown in a dark corridor where they are difficult to see and appreciate, so this exhibitions is probably the first time we can see these enchanting portraits in all their glory in years. Likewise, the interesting but mostly unknown engraving titled "The king's lifting over the pavés in front of the Courts of Navarre", made by Dionisio de Ollo, is usually out of the public view in its home in the Royal Library of the Royal Palace itself. This way, works that are kept in spaces as unfairly unknown by the general public as the mentioned convent of the Descalzas Reales, the Encarnación, the Santa María of Las Huelgas of Burgos or the Royal Palace of El Pardo, for example, have the opportunity to be seen and enjoyed by a greater number of people of all nations. This exhibition presents to the great public paintings and sculptures of great quality and significance that will thrill even the most expert of royal historians.
That said, I think there are two main strengths in this exhibition that deserve to be taken into account. The first one is related to the numerous and delightful portraits of royal children that are shown in this exhibition. Unique in their genre, the young princes and princesses that are shown in this exhibition are represented with all the dignity and formality of their rank, but they still can transmit the kind of innocence and gentleness typical of their young age. Amongst all the children portraits shown here, there are several that stand out. The first ones are a pair of portraits with the image of the princes of Poland Anna Maria Vasa and Vladislaw IV, paintings that I have mentioned before in this review. This two young children, painted when they were three and one year old respectively, are dressed just as if they were adults, with rigid court clothes and heavy jewels, where only the velvet cushion in which the young prince stands (proof that he was so little that he can't even stand securely on his own) and the tenderness of their young faces are the only things that betray the innocence of their ages. Next to them is another very singular portrait, in this case of young princess Anne of Austria, later queen of France, who was just several months old when it was painted. She appears sitting in a red cushion, as she couldn't even stand yet, but this detail doesn't take away even a bit of solemnity to the formal stance and regal expression of the young princess. In this case, what attracts the viewer's attention the most is the great variety of protective charms and relics that cover her little body, a visual proof of part of the belief system of the Baroque, in which they were trying to protect royal babies from illnesses and premature death that they couldn't explain and against they couldn't fight with a mix of superstition and traditional religiosity that can be perfectly appreciated in this truly interesting portrait. Lastly, taking a leap of a hundred years, we change centuries and dynasties to see how some of the symbols traditionally used by the Habsburgs share space with elements linked to the new dynasty. In this last case are especially important those children portraits that represent several of Charles III's sons as classic gods. Two of those children portraits are shown here, the portrait of prince Ferdinand of Bourbon as god Mars and the one of Charles Antonio of Bourbon as Hercules. These young children, painted as divine gods, reflect the continuity of important previous models though its simbology and presentation, still a little hieratic and way too formal for children portraits if we compare them with other portraits of little princes and princesses of that century, but we can perceive several characteristics of the change in perception that will transform these kind of representations, of a more familiar nature, without leaving behind the royal significance that must accompany the portraits of the members of a royal family. These are only some of the many marvelous children portraits shown in this exhibition, from the little effigies of the Reyes Católicos' children that appear under the protective cloak of the Virgin of Mercy (1486) to the portrait of the grandfather of the reigning king of Spain don Juan of Bourbon as a teenager (1927).
The second of the main strengths that, in my opinion, have this exhibition is the possibility of perceive how the different royal portraits adapt to the political and representative necessities of every moment to transmit effectively the meaning that every monarch need to present in a determined instance, something that can be appreciated better when we can observe different works at the same time. This exhibition is a wonderful opportunity to unravel the political and ideological significance that these portraits transmitted to their contemporaries and to see the intent behind their creation. It was very different the purpose behind the conception of portraits like the ones made of the little Bourbon princes to let their grandfather know them and those paintings like "The Virgin of Mercy", kept in the monastery of Santa María of Las Huelgas of Burgos, for example. In this painting, the presence of the Reyes Católicos and their children legitimize the position of the abbess Leonor of Mendoza, sister of the powerful, cardinal Mendoza (who, by the way, is also present in this painting), that was designated for that position against the wishes of the rest of the nuns after the deposition of the previous abbess. We can also appreciate a strong underlying meaning in the portrait that Jakob Seisenegger made of the emperor Charles V, who was represented with court clothes because he wanted to present a conciliatory image of himself in front of his protestant subjects, as he still hoped to reach a lasting agreement with them. Lastly, I can also mention the painting called "Allegory of Philip V and his family fighting against heresy", linked to the War of Spanish Succession, during which the Bourbon party attacked the supporters of the archduke Charles of Austria accusing him of permitting the entrance of heretics (English, Dutch and some Germans from protestant territories) in the Spanish Monarchy. He is presented here as the protector of Catholic Faith, but it also has another meaning. The order of St. Jerome that lived in the Monastery of Saint Lorenzo El Escorial needed to make peace with the new king and to assure him of its unwavering loyalty, as the monks had had some disputes with Philip V during the war. One of the most interesting of these disputes, for example, was told by Fray Nicolás Jesús Belando. He wrote that once, when queen María Luisa Gabriela of Savoy had to get out of Madrid fairly quickly because the troops of the archduke Charles were nearing the capital, she arrived to the El Escorial and there, according to Fray Nicolás, "she found closed the gates of her own home" when the monks denied her entrance to the monastery and had to sleep in the street with her young son. These are only some examples that allow us to analyze and understand the different dimensions of the royal portraits and how they can transmit different messages depending on the political circumstances of the moment they were created.
Lastly, I must add that this exhibition has the ability of surprising us in every step. Without doubt, several of the portraits shown here still have secrets awaiting to be discovered, like the case of the strange portrait of king Charles IV backwards, made by Juan Bauzil, almost unique in its nature, whose meaning haven't been unraveled yet. In any case, those historians interested in the History of Monarchy have a date in Madrid this spring. If you can, don't miss this exhibition. You won't regret it.
You can obtain more information about the exhibition here:


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The Nike Zoom Fly Gets Patriotic
Nike are continuing their patriotic trends into 2019, with this fresh new Stateside-styled Nike Zoom Fly SP, set to debut during the winter.
This flows on from Nike's stunning "Olympic" rendition of the VaporMax Plus, but it ditches the dark navy tones for something a little fresher. This Nike Zoom Fly instead rocks a crisp white TPE upper with navy blue taking a back seat on the racing stripe detailing, laces, and rubber outsole. Pops of 'Flash Crimson' hits the branding, lace tips, heel tabs and insoles.
These are already available at select Japanese retailers, with a Stateside release to follow suit. Stay tuned for more!
While you're on the site, be sure to check out our Release Calendar to stay up to date with every upcoming release — and where to buy 'em!
Nike Zoom Fly SP
Color: White/Flash Crimson-Metallic Silver
Style Code: CD6616-146
Price: $150


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Julia Vander Ploeg, SVP and global head of digital at Hyatt, shares insights on how her company revamped and relaunched its mobile app to meet the needs of guests.
REPORT FROM THE U.S.—The use of smartphones for daily tasks continues to rise, and the hotel industry is putting in work to make mobile app experiences more seamless for guests.
According to 2019 research from the Pew Research Center, 96% of Americans own a cellphone, while 81% own smartphones. One in five adult Americans use a smartphones as their only means of internet access, meaning they don't have traditional broadband service at home.
Hyatt Hotels Corporation is one industry example of a company that's working on a mobile app evolution.
The company relaunched its World of Hyatt mobile app in August, and the revamped app is "built to enable a more personalized and seamless experience for our members throughout the stages of their travel journey," Julia Vander Ploeg, SVP and global head of digital at Hyatt, said in an email interview.
App users can search and book at Hyatt properties and access account information through the app, and at some Hyatt hotels, guests can "stream preferred apps to the in-room TV, utilize Hyatt mobile entry, engage in real-time chat and request commonly forgotten items," she said.
To create more personalized experiences for guests through the app, Vander Ploeg* said the company aims to seamlessly integrate the app with Hyatt's hotel systems.
The design of the app is optimized to display content based on where guests are in their journey, she said.
"Prior to a stay, the app's homepage lists the next reservation, and during the stay, the homepage shifts to guestroom information and a one-tap navigation bar for different actions," she said.
How it works
The app was built using "sophisticated (application program interfaces), designed by an in-house development team with deep-rooted expertise in native applications to seamlessly connect information from the property management systems that power our hotels to the content members see in the World of Hyatt app," Vander Ploeg said.
Guests are always elevating their expectations for mobile app capabilities and digital experiences, which makes real-time data from Hyatt APIs "increasingly essential to give World of Hyatt members the desired flexibility over their stay," she added.
App capabilities
Hyatt invested in its app as a native application because it was the best way to exceed guest expectations for a mobile app, Vander Ploeg said.
"Users expect our mobile app to be fast, responsive, intuitive and rich in features that minimize friction at every step to give them time back in their days," she said. "Having a native application can enable us to utilize robust platform APIs to support rich functionality.
One example of this is the use of location services through the app at participating properties, which allows guests using the app to "access the fitness center and return to their guestroom without having to worry about bringing their key card with them," she said.
Guest-facing messaging
The World of Hyatt app also gives guests the option to engage with hotels in different ways, Vander Ploeg said.
"The Hyatt Concierge Twitter account, Facebook Messenger and new real-time chat feature rolling out to select properties via the World of Hyatt mobile app are all examples of channels that facilitate superior levels of care for our guests but come with their own technological requirements and user expectations," she said.
Digital search functions
Hyatt is also making enhancements to its website and is looking into new ways to "elevate the search experience," Vander Ploeg said.
"We're currently experimenting with ways to help guests discover new destinations, ranging from interactive quizzes to intuitive location maps, serving up information about our hotels that is authentic and often written by members," she said.
*Correction, 13 February 2020: This article was updated to include Vander Ploeg's full last name.


text: KAKUL: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on Saturday said that the whole nation was standing united behind its armed forces and the state, despite financial problems, was providing the defence forces with all the possible resources to make the country's defence invincible.Addressing the participants of a passing out parade of the 129th Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) Long Course, 48th Integrated Course and 3rd Mujahid Course, the prime minister told the newly graduated cadets that the profession of arms demanded – by its very nature – unquestioned spirit of allegiance and sacrifice, embodied in the oath they had all taken on the day."But don't you ever forget, your nation will stand united behind you. The state, despite calls of economy and austerity, is providing the defence forces all possible resources needed for making the defence of the country impregnable," he added.The prime minister said that a credible defence system could not be sustained without a strong economy and rule of law, besides containment of terrorism. He urged that they would have to work together as a nation to achieve these goals.The prime minister, felicitating the cadets and their parents, said that the day signalled the beginning of the practical lives of the commissioned officers in the army. He also lauded the excellence of the military academy, its faculty members and staff by saying, "Your professional competence and concern for training and welfare of your under-command will earn you their respect and leadership. We all know that your soldiers will smilingly offer the greatest sacrifice under your command."He said that the Pakistan Military Academy is rightfully considered a veritable cradle of leadership."It is here, that the art of transformation is perfected and raw youth are shaped into self-assured and responsible army officers. It is here, that the trainees imbibe the best values of life to develop into sterling characters. Therefore, the standards set here must serve as the touchstones for all officers," he added.He told the graduates that they were duty-bound to uphold the glorious traditions "through the strength of your character, commitment and perseverance".The prime minister further told them that during all tests and temptations, they should not forget that the nation reposed enormous trust in them. "It trusts you and admires you. Therefore, you must prove yourselves equal to that trust and admiration by being a symbol of steadfastness and uprightness," he added.Referring to the commendable services of the chief of army staff, the prime minister told the cadets that they must also keep in mind the lives and conduct of officers like General Raheel Sharif, who are only known for their professionalism, patriotism, dedication and commitment to their motherland.He further observed that technological innovations were the order of the day, which were changing the very lifestyle with noticeable impacts."While the duty of the government is to provide for the means and resources for defence, it is incumbent upon you to keep yourself abreast of the latest technology and make yourself adept at operating new weapons of war," he said. Seven passed out cadets from the 129th Long course were foreigners; four from Bahrain and three from Palestine, military sources said. On the occasion, the COAS Gold Medal/Sword of Honour went to Cadet Islam whereas the passing-out cadets of Hamza Company received Quaid-i-Azam Flag from the PM.End.


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I had a little costume project, to dress up every day for the week leading up to Halloween, but that didn't end up happening. Instead, I started Friday, though admittedly Friday's effort consisted of black and purple clothing with a plethora of spider accessories. Including an adorable jeweled spider headband that I found in Pier One of all places. Saturday during the day wasn't as festive, largely because my hair was in pin curls all day in anticipation of the evening's events. Still, one must put in at least a little effort. Specifically in the form of eyeball earrings.
Speaking of that evening - after agonizing over what event to go to, we finally decided on Seduction, the party hosted by the lovelies at the Seattle Erotic Art Festival (which, if you are able come May, you should most certainly go check out). It was at Fremont Studios, which is a delightful venue and quite spacious. When SEAF moved from the Seattle Center to Fremont Studios, I could not have been happier.
The place was fantastically decorated, and the music was pretty good. I had only one small issue with the music, but this is an issue I've had with Seattle DJs in general. I understand keeping the tempo easy early in the evening, but once you hit about 10pm or so, particularly if you already have a good crowd, you need to start picking it up. I don't care if it's your favorite mix, I can't dance to it, and this room is set up as a dance floor, not a lounge. Anyway, pacing aside, the music was good. And the costumes! Oh, I cannot tell you how gratifying it was to see so many good costumes that you knew involved a great deal of effort. I wish I had brought my camera.
Speaking of costumes, I myself ended up reprising my wedding ensemble with more dramatic make-up and a few fun accessories. We had costumes all planned out, and then realized somewhat late in the game that our costumes were a little too casual for the event we were planning to attend.
Sunday was spent in preparation for the 31st. Believe me, that kept Sunday quite busy.
And with that, I'm off to experience the day's delightful deviousness! If I do anything of great note, and remember to have a camera on me, I may have an extra journal entry regarding it. But not to leave you empty handed, here is the photo booth image from Saturday night.
|Happy Halloween, my minions!