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Thank you for your interest in our graduate programs in Political Science. For a summary of our programs and requirements, click here. Please refer to our Application checklist for detailed information about the application process. The deadline for applications to the Department for September admission is January 15. Applications received after that date will not be considered. Very important: Do not apply to start the program in winter or summer – applications for winter or summer will be cancelled and the application fee will NOT be refunded.
Note for 2021 Mastercard Foundation Scholarship applicants: please send the required documents to graduate.polisci [at] mcgill.ca by December 1, 2020. For more information about Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program at McGill, please visit this page https://www.mcgill.ca/mastercardfdn-scholars/apply-program
As of October 2012, McGill's formerly paper-based graduate application process has been replaced with a more convenient electronic version. For detailed instructions on how to apply and how to upload required supporting documents in the new version, please see: https://www.mcgill.ca/gradapplicants/apply/prepare
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File sharing with chat & storage
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Oh wow, that hunt was completely unexpected! Thanks @arunpattnaik :-) So I'll post a small intro here! I'm Victor Manrique, one of the makers behind Sharechat.io (we are 6 people in the team, 2 devs, 1 product, 1 growth, 2 design) and we just launched our public beta today, with the objective of learning faster to improve quicker as well as growing our beta tester base ;) Basically Sharechat is WeTransfer + Dropbox + Slack, free and with almost no limits when sharing and storing stuff (we do have a 5GB limit per file, but we're already working on increasing it to 5TB per file :P). At this moment, where we are strong is vs the wetransfer+dropbox use case for creative teams that collaborate on a daily basis, since our sharing and storage limits are bigger, our uploads/downloads a bit faster and we add the chat to that mix. Against all those users who currently have Google Drive premium + Slack in their corps, we may still fall short. So I'm glad to answer anything that comes up or to explain anything else, just drop a line here :D Cheers! Ps. Remember it's a beta so it may still break from time to time. Ps2. Sharechat is not responsive yet, so I'd recommend to open it on your desktop or a big tablet :D Ps3. We promised all of our current beta testers a free-forever account, so I guess we can do the same with Product Hunters! Just drop me a message here or via sharechat (create a channel with me, I'm 'firstname.lastname@example.com') and we'll make it work hehe Ps4. You can see some of our design work here: https://www.behance.net/gallery/... Ps5: And the story of how sharechat got started is here: https://medium.com/@VictorManriq... SMALL EDIT: Our servers are quite loaded at this moment due to the amount of traffic, we're working on it but it's possible that sharechat is slow sending files or chatting. Sorry for that guys!
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@victormanriquey I would love to have one of those free forever accounts, would make my life so much easier! 😄 (mail: email@example.com)
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@mattiasd_ You can count on one! 😆 As a small favour I'd ask you for a few lines of feedback whenever possible! 😆 Thanks!
@victormanriquey Did you say free?!? 🚀 ps: great chatting today!
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@as_austin Yes sir! You'll get one no worries 😄 Was a nice chat indeed!
@victormanriquey @woodwing can I have my own free-forever account? :D TIA!
Sharing files is part of every creative project. Teams work together to come up original proposals, have countless rounds of updates and revisions and then they're shared again externally with clients. Not to mention files are often organized on a local server, or in the cloud for archiving and easy access. For all the sharing, discussing and organizing of files, you've probably used services like WeTransfer, Google Drive, Slack, Skype, Mail and maybe even more. Sharechat does it all. It's file sharing with chat and built-in organization.
Hey everyone, thanks to all for the up-votes and enthusiasm. I am one of the makers and responsible for the development of the front-end. Whenever you have any questions related, please do not hesitate to ask. I am here to answer them all :).
Thanks to everyone who upvoted us. This was completely unexpected in *1 single day*.
Congratulations on this great product, I have one question how secure is the storage and if it's encrypted? Thank you 😀
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@qahersalah Thanks Qaher! Much appreciate it! So a bit on security as I told you via Intercom! To be absolutely honest and transparent, we do not have (coming in the next days via AWS) full encryption yet, we just launched our public beta after a few weeks of development with a small team and had to make some sacrifices here and there, hope you guys understand that :) But all this said! Files are of course secured already, just not with the maximum standards, and we also have a strong back up in place (several times a day, and incremental) so no massive data failure should strike us hard. Our plan for the upcoming weeks is to get the beta to the quality we want (fully secure, stable without big bugs and 99,99% up) and then we'll remove the label. Up until then it might be a bit shaky for a bit :-) Ps. Erwin and Jan are also here (the 2 guys that made sharechat from scratch in a few weeks) so they can asnwer any tech question related to this or any other topics!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Award Winning Modular Home Manufacturer
Westchester Modular Homes is an award-winning modular home manufacturer located in Wingdale, New York. We are celebrating our 30th Anniversary as a manufacturer of custom modular homes, also known as prefab homes, to states located in the Northeast region.
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In the spirit of spring we want to give you a taste of beautiful Tuscany through the eyes and camera of one of our favorite photographers, and naturally a part of our blog's dream team – Danielle Yashar.
One of the favorite things we love about Danielle is that she never stops innovating herself as a photographer, and so when she found out that she will be travelling to Italy she knew she had to capture as much as she can. She contacted some local wedding vendors in order to put up a photo shoot and before she knew it she joined Chiara Sernesi from Weddings in Tuscany and the talented designers from Jardin Divers and together they put up a Pinterest inspiration board and some sketches and generated a stunning concept.
It was important for Danielle to stay true to the local scenery and so they created an inspiration for a contemporary Spring wedding in Tuscany full of local elements including: a Tuscan villa where Chiara throws events, local fruits and vegetables typical to the area, seasonal flowers that were imported from The Netherlands, and some cheese and wine to complete the atmosphere. The color palette that was chosen was Fuchsia, lemon Yellow and Lilach mixed with elements of White and Gold.
In addition, Danielle wanted to portray the production from the guest's point of view from the seating slips to the perfect giveaways – a local Limoncello in a small and personal Krapp.
Ok so maybe we won't be getting married in Tuscany any time soon, but we can definitely draw a lot of inspiration from this perfect production!
Photography: DY Wedding Photography
Production: Weddings in Tuscany by Chiara Sernesi
Location: La Borriana
Floral & Design: Jardin Divers
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09 October 2017
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace – It's Vital You Take Action immediately
Film mogul Harvey Weinstein has apologised for the way he behaved with past colleagues after a report emerged about alleged incidents of sexual harassment.
Weinstein, who helped produce blockbusters including 'Pulp Fiction' and 'Good Will Hunting', has apparently reached private settlements with at least eight women in relation to accusations about sexual misconduct.
A report, published by the New York Times, alleged he had created a toxic working environment through inappropriate sexual advances. Claimants alleged his behaviour often fitted a pattern. A young woman would be told to meet him at a luxury hotel for business purposes where he would then make sexual advances. Eight women said he had greeted them in the nude, or asked for a massage or to watch him shower.
What constitutes sexual harassment?
Sexual harassment often isn't as blatant as this and some people struggle to establish if they have grounds to make a complaint.
But the definition of what constitutes sexual harassment at work under UK law is pretty clear in the Equality Act. If the conduct is sexual in nature and a person feels the behaviour has violated their dignity or created an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment, they have the basis for a claim.
Harassment can also come from a manager making a pass at an employee, them rejecting the pass and then being unfairly passed over for a promotion or subjected to other unfavourable treatment. Many people are not aware that protection under UK law also extends to somebody who submits to the advance and is treated less favourably as a result of that.
What should I do if I'm being sexually harassed?
The first thing I'd advise a client to do is tell the person their behaviour is making them uncomfortable, if the client feels able to do so. This is sometimes enough to stop it.
If this doesn't work, tell your manager or HR. I would suggest putting this in writing and keeping a copy as it is important to have a record in case you are treated unfavourably in future.
Keep a diary recording the harassment too – add as much detail as you can such as when it happens and who witnessed it.
Speak to your trade union too. They can offer you advice and you may be able to remain anonymous if you prefer.
You can also make a formal complaint. All employers are required to have a grievance procedure where you can set out in writing the details of the harassment and how it made you feel. They may also have a specific bullying and harassment policy.
If you've done all this and are not satisfied with the outcome, you can make a claim to an employment tribunal.
Before doing this you have to go through an early conciliation process provided by mediation group Acas (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service). They may be able to negotiate a settlement or practical solution.
Claims can be made by all workers and must be made within three months of the act of harassment. A person can bring a claim against both their employer and the perpetrator.
This can be a difficult situation to navigate on your own and it is usually helpful to seek specialist legal advice to assist.
James Watkins is an employment solicitor at Slater and Gordon Lawyers in Cardiff.
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Vaccination or immunization against pathogenic agents has been one of the most successful developments to prevent disease in the history of medicine. Indeed, vaccination goes back as early as the XV century, when in China immunization against smallpox was carried out by inhaling the dry scabs from those affected by the disease. Subsequent developments by Jenner, Pasteur, and others, stablished vaccination as an effective method to prevent some infectious diseases. Moreover, as the understanding of immune protection against infectious agents increased, new refinements to vaccine development were used; like the introduction of the sub-unit vaccines, which frequently avoids immune responses leading to allergies and even autoimmunity. Indeed, the developments that allowed the creation of sub-unit vaccines, also benefited basic research, when the use of antibodies against specific antigens started to be used in biochemistry, microbiology, and others areas. An approach that lead to the development of the monoclonal antibodies by Milstein and Köhler, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1984. Hence, antibodies have become an important tool in research; i.e. the initial results derived from basic research have frequently encouraged the development of vaccines against infectious agents and cancer. Hence, due to their relevance in basic research, it is not surprising that sub-unit vaccines, composed of an antigen plus an adjuvant, are the most commonly used. In fact, the antigen directs the immune system to induce a specific response against itself, while the adjuvant decides the nature and magnitude of the immune response against that antigen.
In fact, vaccine development until two decades ago was sort of an empirical process, where the adjuvant component was frequently a mixture of ill-defined immune stimulators, like the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which contains whole bacteria. A situation that changed with the discovery of innate immunity, its receptors and ligands; suddenly, a series on well-defined compounds, typically derived from pathogens, were found to induce an immune response by binding to specific cell receptors called Toll-like receptors, or TLRs. This type of response, i.e. innate immunity, has been well-conserved during evolution, with an additional refinement in vertebrates, where innate immunity triggers a more specific, long-term one, called acquired immunity. But, different TLRs induced different kinds of acquired immune responses. Also, TLRs can interact with each other, a situation that may lead to synergic effects, which result in a better immune response, or in other cases in an antagonistic effect, leading to inhibition of the immune response. A result of the induction of immunity via TLRs, is that the acquired response is a pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunity; immunities that are effective in fighting pathogens, but detrimental when they are directed against self-antigens, leading to a new type of increasing diseases, known as autoimmune conditions.
The increasing popularity of antibodies as protective agents and research tools, has created a frequently chaotic situation, where vaccines or immunization strategies have induced an undesirable response, rather than the beneficial one expected. A consequence of a variety of errors made during the design of those "vaccines," which may include the immunogen or antigen, as well as the adjuvant, has been the significant number of vaccine failures at the development phase or even at the clinical phase. Mistakes that could have been prevented by a critical evaluation of the vaccine's different components and a rational approach to their design. Here, we would discuss some of those errors, which have led in many occasions to unexpected and unexplained failures, which frequently have been blamed on the scientific bases supporting a vaccine, rather than the defective design of those vaccines.
A widespread believe in vaccine development, is the wrong assumption that all adjuvants are created equal; which may have been acceptable more than twenty years ago, before the discovery of innate immunity its receptors and ligands. Indeed, it is common to see papers where an antigen after being found to be immunogenic by using CFA, is then combined with well-defined adjuvants, like QS-21, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), and others, expecting to have a similar immune response. A situation that usually results in disappointments and reaching the wrong conclusions, as well as causing delays in the development of critically needed vaccines and frequently abandoning their development. Unfortunately, a frequent explanation for these disappointments, has been to blame the science rather than the poor vaccine design. Indeed, several vaccines that when tested in animals using CFA, induced a strong immune response as determined by in vitro assays, failed in vivo testing. A situation that may be worsened by the fact that in some diseases, the CFA induced immune response may potentiate the disease that it is supposed to prevent and/or treat. A finding that usually led to the wrong conclusion that a vaccine against that disease is impossible; a speculation frequently proven to be wrong, when an adjuvant that induces the right immune response is used to develop an effective vaccine. Hence, while adjuvants like CFA may be practical to elicit the production antibodies against an antigen, it may not be advisable to consider those initial methods as stepping stones to develop a vaccine.
To complicate the issue more, the fact is that there are three types of acquired immunity, i.e. Th1 and Th17, which are pro-inflammatory, and Th2 that is anti-inflammatory. Yet, the most common immune responses are Th1 and Th2, with the strongly inflammatory Th17 being less common, but more damaging, as many autoimmune diseases show. Paradoxically, in many papers it is indicated that the optimal immune response must have both pro-and anti-inflammatory immunities, which conveys the impression that a pro-inflammatory immunity, Th1 or Th17, may exist alone and without the anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity, the latter being responsible for the humoral immune response that induces antibody production. Thus, many articles strive to reach that optimal adjuvant that induces both immunities rather than only the pro-inflammatory one. The fact is that there is no adjuvant or agent that can induce a sole pro-inflammatory immunity, Th1 or Th17, since both of them are always followed by the anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity; a relatively newcomer from the evolutionary point of view. Indeed, the milder Th2 immunity always follows the Th1 and/or Th17 immunities, likely as a repair mechanism to ameliorate the damage in the host caused by the pro-inflammatory immunities. Of interest is that different from Th1 and Th17 immunities, Th2 can exist by itself by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory immunities; a property that offers potential therapeutic uses in autoimmunity.
Hence, as a result of the advances in immunology, derived from the use of genetic as well as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and other methods to study the immune response, the adjuvant component has evolved from being a "little dirty secret" to a collection of structurally well-defined agonists that by interacting with the appropriate cell-receptors, promote a useful immune response. Interestingly, as indicated before, different immune stimulatory ligands interact with specific receptors to induce an immune response following distinctive pathways; pathways that may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending of the adjuvants. Therefore, a deliverate adjuvants' selection, can increase and modify the immune response well beyond the limits of that attained with single adjuvants; a strategy that is seldom exploited in vaccine development. Hence, the rational design of effective vaccines, requires a knowledge of the mechanisms of action (MOA) of the different adjuvants, in order to select those that induce an optimal response. Actually, the MOA for several innate immunity ligands, e.g. MPL, CpG oligonucleotides and others ligands, acting on antigen-presenting-cells (APCs), have been elucidated. A more complicated situation is that of the MOA for saponin-based adjuvants like QS-21, where this glycoside acts independently in a coordinate but differential manner, on both T-cells and APCs, to induce a strong pro-inflammatory response. However, while QS-21 is a potent pro-inflammatory adjuvant, a potential drawback is its instability, that results in a change in its immune stimulatory properties, from being a pro-inflammatory to a sole anti-inflammatory adjuvant. A severe problem in vaccines against pathogens or cancer, where a pro-inflammatory immunity is crucial for their efficacy. Saponin-based adjuvants, because of its physicochemical properties and MOA, are sensitive to a vaccine's formulation; in fact, the addition of non-ionic detergents to QS-21, results in a significant increase in its Th1 immune stimulatory activity. An increase that results in damaging inflammatory effects, like those observed during the AN-1792 vaccine clinical studies against Alzheimer's disease, which led to terminating this vaccine's studies. Hence, a rational vaccine design must consider besides the adjuvant and antigen, the nature of the excipients and the possibility that unexpected interactions may lead to unwanted side effects.
Several strategies have been tried to achieve stabilization of QS-21, most of them using formulations in which this glycoside is sequestered, limiting the exposure of its ester bond between its fucosyl residue and fatty acids to the aqueous environment, to prevent this way its hydrolysis. A protection that can be somewhat achieved by incorporating QS-21 into liposomes, this way removing the ester bond from contact with water; while this approach reduces the hydrolytic process, it does not abolish it, and its effectiveness may be affected by excipients, temperature and other factors. Another strategy has been to replace the labile ester bond by a stable covalent bond, an approach that unfortunately failed to recognize the role of the different chemical structures from QS-21. As a consequence, the final products while reminiscent of QS-21, lack some chemical groups essential for immune stimulation. While these new derivatives induce an antibody immune response, it is unknown which type of immunity, pro- or anti-inflammatory, is being induced; a critical requirement in vaccine design. Another alternative to achieve a stable immune stimulatory glycoside, has been to replace the original acyl group with a new lipophilic chain linked by a stable covalent bond, at a different location in the glycoside, but preserving the groups critical for adjuvanticity. This new compound, GPI-0100, induces a pro-inflammatory immunity, albeit at higher doses than QS-21, but it is stable in an aqueous environment, regardless of the temperature, pH and other factors. Moreover, the immune stimulatory properties of GPI-0100, may be enhanced by changing the vaccines' formulations. Thus, some effective options have been developed to overcome the instability of the adjuvant QS-21, while retaining most of its unique immune stimulatory properties.
An adjuvant commonly used is alum, traditionally presumed to be a sole Th2 adjuvant, is the oldest adjuvant allowed in human vaccines. While its MOA was a mystery for many decades, it has been elucidated; a complex process where uric acid plays the role of an endogenous danger signal, which triggers a complex cascade of events leading to an immune response. Although alum induced response has the characteristics of Th2 immunity, it also elicits some responses associated with pro-inflammatory immunity, e.g. complement activation, induction of IFN-γ production and monocytes activation, all responses that indicate that alum may not be a sole Th2 adjuvant. In fact, that alum has been successfully used for years in infectious disease vaccines where a pro-inflammatory immunity is desirable, points to a potentially not too obvious pro-inflammatory activity. But, alum in contrast to adjuvants like QS-21, does not elicit the production of high affinity or avidity antibodies, characteristic of an effective immune response; which may explain the alum-containing vaccines' poor performance in the elderly, a classic example being the influenza vaccine. Hence, while safe, alum would be a dubious first choice in view of the new and more effective adjuvants currently available. Hence, it is relevant to identify the type of immune response desired, the need for a long-term memory, production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), antibody isotype, and other factors, in order to select the best suited adjuvant or combination of adjuvants to fulfill those needs.
The other vaccine's critical component is the immunogen, i.e. the antigen, which is supposed to induce an immune response directed against itself, this way providing the antigen-specific response required from vaccines. Hence, it is evident that immunogens are very diverse and their number quite large. Broadly speaking, immunogens can be classified into two groups: T-dependent and T-independent antigens, depending on the need for helper T-cells; the first group is composed of protein antigens while the second is made up of non-protein ones, like polysaccharides and nucleic acids, with lipids being a special group. The best-characterized group is the T-dependent made up of proteins; hence, the present article will be focused on protein and peptide antigens, with a subsequent article dealing with T-independent antigens.
Proteins, because of their complex structures have a large variety of antigenic determinants or epitopes, which are protein regions recognized by the immune system, i.e. B- and T-cells. Thus, epitopes may be linear, i.e. peptide amino acid sequences, or conformational, which are composed of various discontinuous amino acid sequences which form a 3-dimensional structure, the same that is recognized by the immune system. Actually, conformational epitopes play a crucial role in the interactions with various cellular receptors; hence, these epitopes are important targets for neutralizing antibodies, which by blocking the interactions of these 3D-epitopes with their receptors, interfere with infectivity and processes initiated by stimulatory compounds like growth factors and cytokines. In contrast, the linear epitopes are usually T-cell epitopes, that induce T-cell mediated immunity with secretion of inflammatory cytokines and CTL production. Yet, the initial T-cell immunity will be always followed by an antibody response against that linear epitope. Therefore, it is evident that conformational epitopes would include both B- and T-cell epitopes, to allow the polypeptide chain's proper folding, in order to achieve the right conformation. Yet, these epitopes may be also formed by discontinuous amino acid residues from a linear polypeptide chain; like in the case where an epitope is formed by contiguous amino acid residues on the surface of an α-helix. In this case, the contiguous amino acids on the coiled peptide, form a linear epitope, amino acids that are surrounded by a diversity of amino acid residues. Hence, it is apparent that peptides have a significant potential to be used as effective immunogens; but, in general the attempts to develop effective vaccines based on peptides have delivered mostly disappointing results.
A close examination of the principles on which peptide vaccines are founded, shows a series of systematic errors and wrong assumptions that have contributed to those failures. Peptide vaccines, due to their size and lack of T-helper epitopes, elicit a weak immunity with a poor immunological memory; hence, it has been customary to conjugate the relevant peptides to a carrier protein, like serum albumin, tetanus toxoid and KLH, to provide the necessary T-helper epitopes. However, these proteins cause a phenomenon known as "carrier-induced epitope-specific suppression" or CIESS, where the specific anti-peptide antibody response is suppressed, because the carrier protein induces an antibody response that competes with the anti-peptide response. A situation that results in a weak immune response that frequently is different from the expected anti-peptide. Hence, a new trend is the use of well-defined T-helper epitopes, derived from other proteins, or an artificially designed one, like PADRE. Yet, the carrier problem is often exacerbated by the use of certain cross-linkers, to covalently link the peptide to the carrier protein. For instance, one of the most common linkers used are the heterobifunctional ones carrying both maleimidyl and succinimidyl groups, popular because of their commercial availability and their easy reactivity with the thiol group from cysteine, an amino acid residue added at one of the ends of a peptide of interest. However, due to the high immunogenicity of the maleimide group, the immune response is often directed against that chemical group rather than the peptide, a situation that leads to the suppression of the antipeptide immune response and the researcher's emotional distress. An unusual situation, since this undesirable effect of the maleimide group has been known for over two decades. Yet, these undesirable effects are not limited to maleimide, but they include other groups with aromatic character, like benzyl and some heterocyclic aromatic compounds.
Paradoxically, many immunogenic preparations, including some vaccines undergoing clinical studies, has the maleimide group in their conjugated antigens in combination with carrier proteins like KLH. Constructs that may interfere with the production of an effective immune response against the targeted peptide. Thus, the CIESS phenomenon may explain some of the peptide vaccines' poor clinical results and why their progress has been so far, limited at best, despite of their promise. Still, these negative results are not limited to T-dependent antigens, i.e. proteins and peptides, but they also extend to T-independent antigens, a topic that will be the subject of a future article.
By definition, an excipient must be inert, i.e. it should not alter the properties of the adjuvant or the immunogen; a situation that frequently is not fulfilled in vaccine development, which leads to unsatisfactory results. A typical example would be that of the AN-1792 vaccine to treat Alzheimer's disease; a vaccine formulated with the potent pro-inflammatory adjuvant QS-21. Although the selection of that adjuvant to treat a neurodegenerative proteopathy was unwise, the patients receiving the initial vaccine formulation did not show any side-effects in Phase I. But, during the Phase II of such clinical studies and using a vaccine formulation that was modified by addition of a non-ionic detergent, many patients had meningoencephalitis, a damaging brain inflammation; a development that lead to termination of the study. Evidently, those designing this vaccine, were unaware that QS-21 was a potent pro-inflammatory adjuvant, and that the formulation used during Phase I was being altered by the addition of a non-ionic detergent. An apparently innocuous change in formulation, which induced a large increase in the pro-inflammatory activity of QS-21; an alteration that would have discovered in Phase I, if the protocols governing clinical studies would have been followed. Regrettably, those damaging effects due to shortcomings in the vaccine formulation, caused significant damage to that vaccine's development. Yet, there are cases where an excipient, accidentally may contribute in a positive or negative way to a vaccine's efficacy.
A group of excipients that it has been assumed to be inert and stable, is the one composed of various non-ionic detergents, like the detergent used in the AN-1792 vaccine; compounds that are usually used to prevent aggregation of the vaccines' antigens. Nonetheless, several infectious disease vaccines are formulated with oil-water emulsions that contain non-ionic detergents, as adjuvants. But, a concern that is usually ignored, is that non-ionic detergents oxidize with production of aldehyde groups, which are immunologically active and that can deliver alternative co-stimulatory signals to T-cells, leading to their activation. Therefore, it is likely that those aldehyde groups by delivering a co-stimulatory signal, may contribute to the efficacy of vaccine requiring a pro-inflammatory immunity; yet, it may cause damaging side-effects in cases where the immune response must be an anti-inflammatory one. While it is apparent that those working in vaccine development are largely unaware of the implications of these oxidation products on vaccines' performance, scientists working with biologics are well aware of those effects. In fact, many therapeutic proteins, like monoclonal antibodies cytokines and other products, suffer changes induced by the reaction of aldehydes with the proteins' amino groups.
Hence, during sub-unit vaccine development all of the possible interactions between the different components must be considered, to prevent undesirable and/or unexpected results, which may confuse the subject. But, these comments should also apply to the development of the immunogenic formulas used in basic research; particularly because frequently those initial findings progress to become therapeutic products.
Relevant publications
Akira, S. et al. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2001. 2:675-680
Allen JE, and Wynn TA. Evolution of Th2 immunity: A rapid repair response to tissue destructive pathogens. PLoS Pathog. 2011. 7(5): e1002003
Bergmann-Leitner ES and Leitner WW. (2014) Adjuvants in the driver's seat: how magnitude, type, fine specificity and longevity of immune responses are driven by distinct classes of immune potentiators. Vaccines 2014. 2:252–296.
Boeckler C, et al. Immunogenicity of new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents used in the conjugation of synthetic peptides to liposomes. J Immunol Methods. 1996. 191:1-10.
del Guercio MF, et al. Potent immunogenic short linear peptide constructs composed of B cell epitopes and PAN DR T helper epitopes (PADRE) for antibody responses in vivo. Vaccine 1997. 15, 441–448.
Genito CJ, et al. Liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipidA and QS-21 serve as an effective adjuvant for soluble circumsporozoite protein malaria vaccine FMP013. Vaccine 2017. 35:3865-3874
Ghosh M, et al. Carrier protein influences immunodominance of a known epitope: implication in peptide vaccine design. Vaccine, 2013. 31:4682-4688
Jegerlehner A, et al. Carrier induced epitopic suppression of antibody responses induced by virus-like particles is a dynamic phenomenon caused by carrier-specific antibodies. Vaccine. 2010. 28:5503-5512.
Kooijman S, et al. Novel identified aluminum hydroxide-induced pathways prove monocyte activation and pro-inflammatory preparedness. J Proteomics. 2018. 175:144-155
Kornbluth RS and Stone GW. Immunostimulatory combinations: designing the next generation of vaccine adjuvants. J Leukoc Biol. 2006. 80:1084-1102.
Li W, et al. Peptide vaccine: Progress and challenges. Vaccines, 2014. 2:515-536
Maggio ET. Polysorbates, peroxides, protein aggregation, and immunogenicity – a growing concern. J Excipients and Food Chem. 2012. 3:45-53
Marciani DJ, et al. Fractionation, structural studies, and immunological characterization of the semi-synthetic Quillaja saponins derivative GPI-0100. Vaccine. 2003. 21:3961-3971
Marciani DJ. Vaccine adjuvants: role and mechanisms of action in vaccine immunogenicity. Drug Discov. Today. 2003. 8:934–945.
Marciani DJ. A retrospective analysis of the Alzheimer's disease vaccine progress – The critical need for new development strategies. J. Neurochem. 2016. 137:687-700.
Marciani, DJ. Elucidating the mechanisms of action of saponin derived adjuvants. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2018. 39:573-585
Rhodes J. et al. Therapeutic potentiation of the immune system by costimulatory Schiff-base-forming drugs. Nature. 1995. 377:71-75.
Skwarczynski M and Toth I. Peptide-based synthetic vaccines. Chem Sci. 2016. 7:842-854
Yamaguchi Y. et al. Guidance for peptide vaccines for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Sci. 2014. 105:924-931
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text: Today we had a visit from the Shropshire Star newspaper to take a photograph of the 7 Grange Park girls that all got into the AFC Telford United U10 team. Luke Shelley from AFC Telford also featured in the picture said 'Its a great achievement for these girls to go from never playing football a year ago, to winning the Telford Schools Cup this season, to now being selected to represent AFC Telford next year'. Well done again girls.


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Okay I am a big person but that does not mean I am a bad Martial seems that there is a popular opion on all boards that I visit that fat.
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Sammo Hung (born 7 January ), also known as Hung Kam-bo (洪金寶), is a Hong Kong.. While these films still strongly featured martial arts, it was mixed with a liberal dose of humour In , Hung directed his second film, the comedy Enter the Fat Dragon, for H.K. Fong Ming Motion Picture Company, also playing.
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How Martial Arts Promote Fat Loss? Either you are a sports enthusiast or back- desk working lad, you want those extra fats vanished from your belly. Martial Arts .


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Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration: Offering the best in class hospitality studies
The tranquil town of Manipal, in southern Karnataka, has come to be known as the 'university town' or 'campus town' by locals. Students from all over the world flock to Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) to pursue their higher studies. In over 60 years since its inception, MAHE graduates have been championing every field, from medicine to management. So, when a student joins Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration (WGSHA), MAHE—the birthplace of India's first degree in hotel management—naturally, they expect the best.
A collaboration between MAHE and ITC's Welcomgroup has made sure these young men and women get what they come for, and more. At the end of their time at the flagship Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM) programme which was offered as early as 1986, students walk away with a degree from MAHE, an Advanced Diploma Skills Certification from City & Guild, Wine Fundamental Certificate Level 1 & 2, and MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). They are ready to become leaders in the hospitality sector across the globe.
WGSHA has consistently been ranked among the top two hotel management institutes in India, and recently bagged the 30th rank in the world in a listing by CEOWorld Magazine.
Interactive learning environment
"The best part about being in a college like WGSHA is that you get to learn all the necessary skills required for the hospitality sector while being part of a university environment. Every day poses a new challenge, whether it be hosting hoteliers who have come for campus placements or conducting a food festival with over 300 attendees," says Mohini Mohandas, final year BHM student.
Mohini is currently working as a Marketing Intern at Radisson Blu Plaza Hyderabad. A six-month compulsory internship at national and international properties in the final year of the BHM programme ensures students are prepared to meet the rigorous challenges of the hospitality industry. The WGSHA building adjoins Fortune Inn Valley View, where students are sent for training in the various departments. Getting hands-on with learning throughout the academic year is a unique opportunity for WGSHA students as it gives the an idea of what goes on in the hospitality sector.
Culinary Arts—a contemporary curriculum
As WGSHA celebrated its Silver Jubilee in 2011, the institute launched a B.A. Culinary Arts programme. "The course was really interesting because the curriculum explored topics like food sociology and anthropology, accounting, food photography, food styling—there was much more to food than the kitchen," says Elizabeth Yorke, who graduated as part of the first batch in 2014.
Elizabeth regularly travels to different countries and has attended various culinary educational programmes and symposiums at the likes of Oxford and Yale, between working in hotels, restaurants and with some iconic figures in the food scene worldwide. Elizabeth's globe trotting journey is an inspiration to young culinary enthusiasts today, and an ode to the exposure WGSHA provides its talented young students.
Global yet local
The curriculum is benchmarked with the best institutes worldwide. International internship opportunities and exchange programmes have opened doors for students like never before. The institute also facilitates credit-transfers to foreign universities. WGSHA's reputation as one of India's premier hotel management institutes precedes itself, which means students are well-received across the globe. But it is not recognition alone that sets apart these students, who find it easy to excel wherever they go. It is the international certifications and world-class training that underpins their competency.
Culinary students at WGSHA are also encouraged to go back to their roots and explore regional cuisine. Students are on a quest to bring out hidden recipes and put the rich heritage of Indian cuisine on the world map. Interestingly, classrooms and kitchens at the Department of Culinary Arts have Sanskrit or Hindi names like 'Shiksha', 'Prayog' and 'Mithai', which mean 'learning', 'experiment' and 'sweets'.
Students also get a chance to enjoy Manipal's own eateries, all the while learning how to critique and understand local flavours.
"WGSHA organizes numerous activities throughout each semester, including talks, discussions, food festivals, cultural events, festivals etc. There is not a day in a student's life where they can't find anything to do," says Mohini.
Museum of Culinary Arts
One of the most unique features at WGSHA is the Museum of Culinary Arts inaugurated earlier this year. From 100-year old ladles used to serve food at Indian temples to pots, pans and a plethora of items from Kashmir to Kanyakumari, the museum houses thousands of unique items that bring out the rich culinary heritage of India.
A strong focus on research
Research is an integral part of any good academic curriculum, and hotel management or culinary arts is no different. Research projects are mandatory for all students at MAHE. BHM students take up core operational areas, but things get interesting in the culinary department. From idlis to low glycaemic-index thalis and diabetic cookies, faculty and students work together to uncover the secrets and science of food.
Giving back to society
While WGSHA students are heading out to bright futures and lucrative careers in the top hotels of the country, they remain grounded with the realities of rural India. The institute fosters an attitude of creating impact in society through its social outreach programmes.
Students get a chance to implement their learning outcomes in rural settings. Dietetics students visit anganwadis and help develop low-cost recipes. Others have adopted villages and come up with innovative ways to use local resources to generate revenue. Yet others have taken up women's empowerment as their cause.
Eat, ideate, earn, repeat
There is an opportunity for growth around every corner at MAHE. The academy is setting up an Idea Café on campus—a place where students from all disciplines are welcome to sit down, brainstorm, and come up with exciting ideas and innovations. Interesting concepts will receive seed funding. While others ideate, WGSHA students will set up a café to make sure there is fire—and great food—in their bellies. They too, will receive base funding, and have to come up with a plan to increase their sales and pull in profits.
Success stories that inspire
Michelin-starred Chef Vikas Khanna is an award-winning author, restauranteur and has famously judged MasterChef India. Chef Thomas Zacharias won 'The Best Chef of the Year Award 2017'. Varun Mohan, who works at The Hyatt, Bengaluru, is one of the youngest General Managers in the country. Sahil Ranaut is among the best Revenue Managers around. Neha Garg runs Red Kite Consulting, a top placement agency for luxury hospitality. Each are leaders in their fields, and they all have one thing in common—a degree from WGSThe WGSHA building adjoins Fortune Inn Valley View, where students are sent for training in the various departments. Getting hands-on with learning throughout the academic year is a unique opportunity for WGSHA studentsHA. The now 32-year old institute has been the launch-pad for some of the biggest names in the hospitality and culinary spheres, and the strong alumni connect is what drives further growth.
Careers360 brings here an interview with chef K. Thirugnanasambantham, who is the Head of Department of Culinary Arts, MAHE.
Q. WGSHA has a long legacy as a leading hotel management institute. What has made this possible?
A. The collaboration between ITC and MAHE has been a major strength in maintaining the standard of education over the years—one is an expert in the industry, and the other in academics. ITC's role is to benchmark curriculum, exchange expertise, develop programmes and give industry insights to groom budding hospitality professionals. Our team of faculty members and leadership is excellent. Besides, our alumni contribution worldwide has helped us sustain.
Q. How has curriculum kept pace with changes in the hospitality industry?
A. We believe industry academia collaboration is very important. Our job is to give students the fundamentals, and also tell them what is likely to happen in future. That is where our strong collaboration with industry comes into play—we invite industry experts and leading academics across India and abroad to give inputs to our students. Our faculty members are abreast with new trends and technologies, and we ensure students get the necessary hands-on training.
Q. What edge does a WGSHA graduate have in the industry?
A. When students spend 3-4 years here, the idea is to not only put them through structured curriculum, but we also look into overall development. We want our students to be complete personalities who can fit into not only the core areas of hospitality and culinary, but be leaders wherever they are. In the university set-up at MAHE, students get a chance to interact with other disciplines. A lot of collaborative learning happens. We also give a lot of emphasis on outside classroom learning like field trips, food festivals, simulations and CSR activities.
Q. What is your advice to high school students?
A. You need to have passion and the right attitude. I would tell youngsters not to get tempted by media. The reality is very different. Someone who wants to pursue hotel management or culinary arts should take the time to come, sit in a class at an institute, get a feel of what to expect, go, see the industry, then decide if you're fit for it.
Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal University, Manipal Updates and Articles
WGSHA Manipal Placements 2020 - Highest & Average Package, Top...
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text: Dutch entrepreneurial spirit looks for pioneering inroads into UK produce packaging by Samantha Lyster 01 November 2016 De Jong Packaging has invested €35million in new factory facilities The can-do spirit of punk, combined with an attitude of never saying no to customers, has propelled De Jong Packaging into position as one of Europe's leading produce packaging suppliers The fresh produce industry is not widely known for encouraging a punk attitude among its associates, but the story of how Henk De Jong moved from growing salads and sprouts, to one of Holland's leading suppliers of packaging, has elements of that DIY disposition. In 1996 De Jong was a member of a grower's cooperative, but was approached by a number of supermarkets to supply them directly. When he took up the offer, the cooperative responded by refusing to send him fresh produce boxes. Rather than see this as a problem, De Jong saw an opportunity, and started up his own box production line. It eventually took over his farming business after he was hit with orders from growers across the Netherlands. Beyond Brexit Now the business has set its sights on the UK, and while many other enterprises might be put off by the uncertainties of Brexit, once again De Jong Packaging is not deterred by a few bumps in the road. "All of fresh produce in Western Europe offers enormous and consistent opportunities, but currently [our] focus [is] on expanding our position in the United Kingdom," confirms sales and marketing director Arie Barendregt. "Obviously, the economic turmoil and weak pound currency following the Brexit referendum does not help us, but we are persistent about growing in the UK. We would like to introduce more sustainable, and cost-saving fresh-produce packaging that is already in use in mainland Europe, so we clearly have work to do over there." Sustainability is a key concept for the firm, which sees it not just as a way to save costs, but also playing its part in conserving wildlife. All of the waste paper and ink from the factory in De Lier, South Holland, is recycled. The offices use solar power, making them climate-neutral work spaces "We have 16.500 m2 of solar panels on our roof, which results in a climate-neutral office building," adds Barendregt. "In addition, we use corrugated paper with Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification, which means we do not use paper that is connected to forests where the orangutans are [being] wiped out. "Finally, in 2016 we have introduced new types of fluting which hitherto were not used in the Dutch market, and this has resulted in a reduction of easily 5% in overall paper tonnage, reducing the environmental footprint of the diesel trucks transporting this paper all over Europe." No such word as no This proactive mindset extends to its relationships with customers. De Jong states that its guiding principle is "There is no such word as no", and Barendregt says the company will always look for the right solution for its clients. In order to offer customers the best price, it buys paper on the open market rather than being tied to a single supplier, which means it can buy when the price is keenest. It has its own stock warehouse, so there are no issues with being caught in short supply. Ove the years it has also built partnerships with many paper suppliers, that gives them confidence the market will always be ready to supply them. "We buy 100,000 tonnes of paper a year, and this volume is quite interesting for most paper suppliers," says Barendregt. "However, we only do business with companies we can trust, meaning that we have established long-standing relationships with these companies. We have experience of how they act and behave when [the] supply of paper is unstable in the market." Spending to accumulate By providing customers with cost savings, the company itself has built a business that is in the enviable position of investing some €35million its facilities, significantly expanding its capacity for orders. "As a result of [the investment] we now have two state-of-the-art corrugators as well as 12 box-making and tray-making machines," says Barendregt. "We are geared up for growth with a huge production capacity, and we strive to maintain our cost-leadership position as well as our service-leadership position in the fresh produce packaging market. "In the egg-transport packaging market in Germany we have just begun to introduce the very packaging that is already in use in the general fresh produce packaging market, further reducing the tonnage of, and increasing the strength, of the packaging." De Jong knows from its past experience as a fresh produce grower how important packaging is in the supply chain, and it uses this knowledge to help respond to the needs of its customers. As growers break into new markets, and form new relationships with retailers, it's good to know that they have a team with such a dedicated approach to service. De Jong Packaging is exhibiting at The Amsterdam Produce Show and Conference which takes place from November 2-4 at the Westergasfabriek. Don't miss out! Register online now. All stories Previous page Show oldest on top Show newest on top Leave a comment Load more comments Thank you for the comment! Your comment must be approved first You've already submitted a review for this item Thank you! Your review has been submitted successfully Login to be able to comment Leave a comment Comment cannot be empty Rating is required Click to add (?) Click to add (?) 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Hey @tomgreever - thanks for posting this! Can you give us some insights please :) @timoreilly said : Articulating Design Decisions by @tomgreever will change the way designers talk about design here
@bentossell sure! One of the biggest challenges for designers is having to explain their decisions to other people. What's common is for managers, developers, or other stakeholders to disagree with our design decisions and ask us to make changes we disagree with. So we all need to be better at helping other people understand our decisions so they're compelled to agree with us. Actually, I have just as many developers, product owners, and even SEO consultants tell me that the books has helped them talk to clients about their choices.
Upvote (1)Share
I just added a video of a 30-minute talk I gave on the subject at Mad+UX this year.


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The horror genre is a curious one for many reasons. Its history has been rather topsy-turvy to put it gently, and in recent decades a number of different movements have taken the genre by storm. Slasher films came and went during the 1980s, torture porn cemented its place in the mid to late 2000s, found footage has inundated the genre since the premiere of Cloverfield in 2008, and countless – not to mention needless – sequels and remakes have defined the genre's modern era. It is clear that audience tastes have made numerous changes, yet one unique facet of the genre keeps such transformations from becoming its identity.
As I have gone through the archives of Bloody-Disgusting's now defunct 'News from the Crypt' podcast, I focused on the discussions of the first year-end special back in 2008. Show guest, and then-writer for Bloody-Disgusting Spooky Dan asked the rest of those on the show where they thought horror was going as a culture. Co-host Tim Anderson, known to many Bloody-Disgusting readers as Tex Massacre, brought up the concern about whether or not horror needs that one film, or movement, that saves the genre from monotony.
This points to an interesting dilemma the genre has faced for years. In spite of its numerous subgenres, horror requires that one film, regardless of subgenre, that changes the game and rescues its vitality. No other genre can say that its relevance is entirely dependent upon a single film, and that's what makes horror so peculiar. It's possible for multiple films to perform such a task, but the burden is often left for one. Fortunately for us horror fans, 2008 saw Let the Right One In breathe new life into a vampire subgenre that would soon after be taken over by the eternally divisive Twilight saga. Unfortunately, films like Let the Right One In come around less frequently than once a year.
I would argue that in the last fifteen years, there have been only three truly game-changing films in horror: Let the Right One In, Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth (2006), and Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later (2002). Let the Right One In, based on the Swedish novel of the same name by John Ajvide Lindqvist, presented vampires in a refreshing new light with gothic tones that beg comparisons to other classic vampire films of yesteryear. Its American remake Let Me In (2010), directed by Cloverfield's Matt Reeves, enjoyed similar critical success, but its overall impact was likely partially affected because the Twilight saga was in full swing with the release of Eclipse that same year.
Growing up as a teenager in the mid-2000s, Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth was a unique film for a couple of reasons. First of all, even though I would not see the film until I was in college, it was essentially my introduction to foreign cinema. Secondly, it introduced me to the concept that a foreign film could garner widespread attention here in the U.S. And boy, did it get some deserved attention. Often described as a grown-up's 'Alice in Wonderland,' Pan's Labyrinth's effective mix of historical and fictional horror with the darkly fantastical helped attain a limited, then wide theatrical release after its blistering festival run, earning universal acclaim in the process.
Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later was a revelation for zombie fans everywhere. Before this film's release, the zombie subgenre was seemingly reserved for B-movie territory and George A. Romero's revered trilogy of Living Dead films. Additionally, the public had generally known zombies as slow-moving, brain-dead creatures nearly incapable of basic motor skills with an insatiable lust for human flesh. With 28 Days Later, Danny Boyle took that basic mythology and flipped it on its head. In Boyle's film, the zombies are ferocious, fast, and able to infect and turn humans into zombies within seconds, rather than the long, protracted process of classic zombies. Additionally, it raised questions about the classification of these creatures, as perhaps it is more proper to refer to them and other similar beings as 'the infected' because of their differing characteristics.
Now, I recognize that there are plenty of other films that one could make a case for. Edgar Wright's Shaun of the Dead (2004) was a hilarious take on zombie films, but because it plays more strongly as a relationship comedy, its impact on the horror genre is relatively stunted. One could reasonably make a case for James Wan's Saw (2004) and Matt Reeves's Cloverfield, as both really kick-started the torture porn and found-footage trends respectively. Those trends, however, would become the norms of the genre, thereby contributing to a perceived decline. Not only that, in Saw's case, it began one of the most lifeless film franchises to date, being produced and released rather monotonously every Halloween for the next six years.
Drew Goddard and Joss Whedon's The Cabin in the Woods (2012) was a lively and fun subversion of the genre, but its impact was blunted by a turbulent studio history, moving from MGM to Lionsgate in the wake of MGM's financial troubles, and having its release date pushed back from February 5th, 2010 to April 13th, 2012. Jennifer Kent's The Babadook (2014) has been one of the better examples of 'word of mouth,' and David Gordon Mitchell's It Follows (2015) has made a bigger splash than anyone would have anticipated, but we need a little more time to fully grasp how they have impacted the genre given their recent releases.
All of this speculation begs the question: does horror need that one film every year or less that reinvents our conceptions of the genre, or does it simply need that one film that puts up stellar box office numbers? The answer: perhaps both, but it should be stated that a big box office only helps those films that have a wide theatrical release. Both 28 Days Later and Pan's Labyrinth were financially successful, but that success pales in comparison to everything else they accomplished. Both Let Me In and The Cabin in the Woods significantly underperformed for former Anchor Bay subsidiary Overture Films and Lionsgate, respectively, in spite of their critical acclaim and star power (Chris Hemsworth in Cabin and Chloë Grace-Moretz in Let Me In).
Meanwhile, films with relatively lower and often very low budgets have surprised everyone. James Wan's Saw had a budget of roughly $1.2 million and racked up a little over $100 million at the box office for Lionsgate. Matt Reeves's Cloverfield made nearly $171 million on a budget of $25 million, and subsequently inspired many major studios to finance found-footage style films. Oren Peli's Paranormal Activity (2009), an originally independent production that spread through word of mouth and was picked up by Paramount, capitalized on the peak power of found-footage films and gained almost $194 million from a $15,000 microbudget.
And no discussion about very profitable recent horror films would be complete without mentioning James Wan's Insidious (2011). While it was not as critically successful as some of the other films mentioned, Insidious made $97 million with its $1.5 million budget. Then two years later, The Conjuring (2013) came from the same production team, rode off the coattails of Insidious, and profited heavily, gaining $318 million from its $20 million budget.
Of course, these are only a few examples of profitable horror films from the last decade and a half, but these films have done what many others could not: started franchises and/or filmmaking crazes – even a spinoff in the case of The Conjuring. Other equally profitable films like The Last Exorcism (2010) and Ouija (2014) simply jumped on the bandwagon and applied similar themes from the above-mentioned films in order to find some sort of similar audience, and therefore have had little to no impact on the genre.
In spite of the successes these films have cultivated, it should be said that big box office smashes are just as unreliable as the game-changers. While there are plenty of mainstream horror films released every year that accrue a profit – especially within the last five years, it seems – very few stick around in public consciousness, not just horror fan consciousness. Hell, even some horror films are virtually forgotten about by fanatics like myself – I had to look through the 2014 release schedule to remember that Ouija even existed.
The horror genre may need both the game-changers and the box office smashes in order to stay relevant among the minds of non-horror enthusiasts, but maybe the proper question to ask is whether or not there should be any concern about the genre's vitality at all. Perhaps my perspective as a horror-enthusiast makes me biased, but there will always be filmmakers who create fun, effective, and scary horror films in spite of those conventions. You could even make a good horror film that gleefully and unapologetically embraces those conventions.
It doesn't matter whether or not great, or even simply good films are coming from the theatrical market, the independent market, or the foreign markets. Beneath every derivative film that does not do the genre any justice and proves all of the critics who point to the failings of the genre right – and I know, there are a lot of them – every year will showcase a few films that epitomize the genre's greatness. At the end of each year, as long as horror film journalists can pick ten films that deserve their place on a top ten list, the genre isn't failing. Perhaps this is an effective, or even just slightly amusing way to think of current horror: clinging to life and doing just fine.


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Before I Remember
by dr4win9f00l
Libraries: Angst, Male/Male - Shounen-Ai, One Shots, Original Fiction
Published on / 1 Chapter(s) / 0 Review(s)
Updated on
Scott doesn't deal with Clyde's death well. A hypothetical look at what could possibly happen. Scott is mine, Clyde is Raesquirrel's.
Four-forty-six in the morning, and some kind of awful, pained noise wrenched from the figure curled up on the kitchen floor.
The room was morning-dark, the faint light from the nearing sunrise filtering in the window and playing over his ragged pink bathrobe, dirty gray from the dust-bunnies that hid under cabinets, under tables, around chair legs. He clutched a chipped and worn coffee mug, the design on it faded from years of use and washing, the inside stained a permanent brown.
His shoulders heaved as he curled in on himself, aching in ways that couldn't be cured. His nails scraped against the avocado-coloured wall, that colour he'd always hated but had succumbed to after all those playful arguments. He left marks in the paint, got flakes of it stuck up under his fingernails that he'd have to dig out later.
Something seemed to break as the tears started streaming down his face.
He'd gotten up, smelling coffee, that strong dark roast that had gotten so familiar over the years, had shuffled into the kitchen with a faint smile on, expecting to see that long and lean and freckled figure pulling a mug from the cupboard, toast hanging from his teeth.
No coffee, no toast, no tired yawn and hug hello- that had gone days ago, weeks, even. He hadn't cried about it yet, had just soldiered on, the emotional rock that everyone had taken to depending on. He'd hugged his in-laws, comforted his friends, refused all offers of help and had quietly sank into an awful sort of despair that hung foglike around him. Everything became mechanical- wake up, go to work, make small talk, then come home and force himself to eat alone in the living room, the TV blaring some kind of drivel.
Once a newscaster had come on, a redhead with eyes like the forest and a smile like sunshine, and he'd had to turn it off and take a few breaths.
Some things were just too raw for him yet, too reminiscent of some treasured little memory. He couldn't open his closets, couldn't go downstairs and take the laundry from the drier for fear he'd see a familiar pair of socks or underwear lying in wait for him, emotional vampires made of cotton-poly blend.
Eventually he'd go through everything, toss all the things that made him cry, someday leave the little starter house they'd rented together on some silly whim. Too much pain, too few windows.
Someday he would eventually wake up and it would be all right.
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The DSM-V is due out in 2013 and speculation regarding upcoming revisions has caused a great deal of controversy in the mental health field. Some reports indicate the American Psychological Association (APA) will condense the personality disorders. While we cannot predict what the APA will do in its upcoming version, the focus of my next book will be the four Toxic Personalities we most frequently encounter in romantic relationships that prohibit healthy intimacy and closeness.
The Four Toxic Personalities
1) The Narcissist – This person is an elitist and exists to be adored and admired.
• The characteristics of this Toxic Personality describe the Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD).
• A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
• Think American Gigolo (Richard Gere)
2) The Histrionic – This person is overly dramatic, emotional and attention-seeking.
• The characteristics of this Toxic Personality describe the Histrionic Personlity Disorder (HPD).
• Pervasive attention-seeking behavior including inappropriate sexual seductiveness and shallow or exaggerated emotions.
• Think Sunset Boulevard (Norma Desmond)
3) The Borderline– This person is intense, demanding and unstable.
• The characteristics of this Toxic Personality describe the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
• Extreme "black and white" thinking, instability in relationships, self-image, identity and behavior.
• Think Fatal Attraction (Glenn Close)
4) The Anti-Social – This person is the con-artist who often exhibits more criminal and violent traits.
• The characteristics of this Toxic Personality describe the Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD).
• A pervasive disregard for the law and the rights of others.
• Think The Talented Mr. Ripley (Matt Damon) or American Psycho (Christian Bale)
Keep in mind an individual may possess traits from more than one of the personality disorders as these characteristics often overlap. While each personality disorder has its own unique attributes, they all share one thing in common. All Toxic Personalities are manipulative, selfish and controlling. The only reason they seek out relationships is to ensure someone is always present to stroke their fragile ego, cater to their needs and make them look good.
Of course, a Toxic Personality will never show this side of themselves until you have settled down with them. They are smart enough to know this is not how to win one's affection. Unfortunately, once they have won your heart, their true colors emerge and the reality of their true persona is quite shocking.
It is critical to our recovery that we understand the Toxic Personality. When coming out of a relationship like this, the first thing we need to do is get real with ourselves about what happened in this relationship. Only by understanding the Toxic Personality, do we realize we have suffered emotional abuse and trauma at the hands of the person we love. They have brainwashed us into becoming dependent on them and now we must deprogram from them. We have done nothing wrong, nor is there anything we could have done differently to save our relationship. All PDIs will eventually devalue and discard their significant others. It is imperative we comprehend and understand this before anything else.


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Analisis coding
Berikut ini saya sampaikan materi mengenai teknik analisis coding dengan penekanan pada "first cycle coding method".
Saldana. 2013. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage Publications ltd.
Berikut ini saya sampaikan materi mengenai teknik analisis coding dengan penekanan pada "first cycle coding method".
Saldana. 2013. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage Publications ltd.
If you want to be advanced in writing, you must bear in mind that be a good reader first. Reading is the only way to fill yourself with a broad range of knowledge. Sometimes you will forget what you have recently read, but don't worry. Just read again, more and more. Reading just like making a well. You have two options in digging a well, you want to have a wide or a deep one. As a beginner, try to widen your well project. Digging a wide well means that you will develop a wide range of knowledge about the same thing. For example, if you want to be advanced in urban design, it is suggested that you have proper knowledge in urban transportation, architecture, urban microclimate and urban sociology. By having a good basis in those areas, you will have firm cognitive awareness in summarizing a comprehensive knowledge of urban design.
Writing is about re-explaining and summarizing ideas grasped from reading. Or in the other words, writing depicts cognitive process about how we learn or understand about a subject. For beginners, there is a number of tips to be a good writer.
– Reading your subject and try to really understand about the topic and other correlated discourses.
– Close your books and try to write a summarize systematically. Develop a concept according your writing focus, then think and plan several headings.
– Develop those headings without any books opened, just labor your comprehension and try to write literally. Writing is an art. Don't forget it.
– After you develop a good writing, come back to your headings and add some citation accordingly.
– Well done, your writing is finished without any plagiarism.
Well, just get practice!
Book is the most important property in academic environment. This bundle of sheets called literature consists of several or many chapters that explains substances of specific topic. Academic professionals and students labour book in learning about concepts, analytic techniques, art of sciences and other matters that lead them toward understanding of the world. Then, book begins a nutritious food for this community and reading as basic skill.
As the fruitful growing of technology, we has been provided amenities in readings. We don't need to have large filling cabinets or bookshelves. On this century, this bundle of sheets can be minimized into a single compact file called e-book. We only need to have a 30GB disk drive to deposit more than 1000 e-book. It can be imagined that on this present day, an academician will be a walking private-library. Amenity provided by technology does not only in the case of the ease of storage but also the way we may get those literatures. We can easily buy a book (printed or soft file) via on-line shops and we also may be possible to deliver it to our colleagues via e-mail as well. There is no way for a professional academician or student to live in a small world as we can acquire the knowledge from all around the world.
Now, it is important to understand how to get proper books for our academic purpose and learn from them.
How to find the proper book.
1. Pay attention to the table of content. Visiting a book store is traditional way to get literatures. As you come to a bookshelf, you will be introduced with abundant of books. Even if you have fitted your searching by theme tag or book index accordingly, it is still another problem to find the most corresponding one. Check the table of content (TOC). From the TOC, you can scan initially substances offered by that book and match with your needs.
2. Search from bibliography of a working paper. Every working papers in academic magazines or journals have list of references or bibliography. It is a good idea to search cited literatures because it must be matched with substances you study in that paper.
3. Open source e-book. There are many open source websites provide free e-book. Every university usually have cooperation with some e-journals in providing free access for students and academicians.
After you have sufficient topic of literatures, you must able to read and grasp deep comprehension from them. The problem is, you have many books and you need to read them all to complete your task. There are several tips for this purpose.
1. Just reading and reading. Reading is a sort of skill. The only way to get mastered in skill is by practicing. Do not to be bored in reading. Some great writers and educators argued that a good a bachelor student must be able and accustomed to read minimum 30 pages in a day.
2. You don't need to read all chapters. Usually a book contains complete explanation of a subject. The chapters help us to grasp shorter discourse partially. You don't need to read them all. Just read the TOC and look for the closest theme with your subject and start to read it partially. You may continue to elaborate another chapters at another time.
3. Fasten your reading speed. Usually we read by paying attention to words. Reading words by words will spend more time. Try to read using group of words, or if it possible for you a sentence as a group, imagine these groups as symbols. This technique is just like "reading" a picture. We can observe mountain, river, row of houses, sun, etc in a picture and we can grasp a brief but comprehensive information about informations depicted on that picture. Use your imagination. Try to imagine groups of word or rows of sentence as symbols. It is an advanced way in reading and need more practices.
4. Writing to deepen comprehension. After completing your reading, start to write down some conclusions or ideas based on your understanding on that subject. Writing is a classical and everlasting way to "implant" knowledge and understanding of certain topic. Use your own words to resemble a new passage.
Now, it's time to get practice. Have a nice reading.
You are a bachelor student and get confused in finding initial research theme? I have several tips for you. Let's check it out!
1. Find yourself. I start this discussion with a peculiar remark: find yourself. What's the point? Simple. Only you that have in-depth recognition of yourself (I mean, only you and God that know you, actually), your talents, your problems, your passion, etc. You must know limit of your ability, in the sense of mastery of theory and some basic techniques, and I believe that you have a deep feeling of a research area. You do not need to give excess attentions to weaknesses because you will have some one to help you in tackle them. Pray and find yourself by yourself in God.
2. Just learn from your daily life. We have abundant ideas at every where. On every step, and every sight the world will provide us ideas. Be more sensitive to your daily life to capture many original ideas. Don't you watch many disasters every where, poverty, lack of pedestrian network, traffic jams, sexual harassments on public space? Those are the original ideas from our daily life.
3. Have many reads. The nature of all student : books are our best friend. Books provide us basic concepts. We find that our academic field is constituted from many topics. Which topic do you prefer or being your strength? Find it and learn from the most basic level from books and only books.
4. Searching for analysis methods, for what? I often criticize students that offer one or several analysis methods at the initial level. The principle is simple: when you acquire good concept of problems and succeed in understanding theory firmly, analysis methods will reveal at once. Remember: Analysis methods are children of couple of parents: theory and problem statement.
5. Recognize your lecturer expertise. It is important to recognize your lecturers because one or two of them will be your supervisor and of course they are the acknowledged expert. Find their research cluster and match it with your idea or research theme. Sometime, several lecturers have private research and they will look for research assistant that of bachelor student and you usually may take it as your research.
6. Ask for someone's help. Are you stuck? You need a friend or someone for help. Many student cannot finish their research or even have proper idea because they keep problems privately. Speak to your academic counselor, consider him/her as your parent. You also may acquire abundant tips about academic matters from your counselor.
The final remark from me is a quote from my professor: the best research is the accomplished one. It is simple, isn't it?
Good luck.
Berikut ini disampaikan tata cara penulisan referensi pada makalah dan buku dengan mempergunakan Harvard Style.
Berikut ini saya sampaikan beberapa literatur terkait kajian "walkable environment". Literatur ini antara lain berisi konsep, variabel, parameter dan metode pengukuran.
Semoga bermanfaat.
Berikut ini saya sampaikan beberapa makalah terkait kajian place dan ruang publik dalam kaitannta dengan estetika ruang dan elemen artistik lainnya. Semoga dapat bermanfaat sebagai acuan literatur.
Analisis faktor adalah salah satu teknik statistik yang dipergunakan sebagai alat validator konstruk dengan fungsi untuk melakukan ekstraksi atas variabel-variabel teoritis agar dapat operasional sesuai konteks penelitian.
Berikut ini adalah contoh jurnal penelitian yang mempergunakan Analisis Faktor, semoga bermanfaat.
Berikut ini adalah pembagian jadwal hari asistensi Kolokium bagi angkatan 2009.
1. Agresia Imelda
2. Duta R.R.
3. Ella M.
1. Febtian Y.W.
2. Taufik Adimas
3. Damarsasi A.W.
4. Fiane R.A.
5. Irma
1. Sandi O.O.
2. Lalu Surya
3. Din Jannata
Bersama ini, diharapkan antara lain :
• Setiap peserta Kolokium tersebut di atas untuk melakukan asistensi maksimal 1 kali seminggu dan minimal 1 kali dalam dua minggu sesuai jadwal hari asistensi.
• Jam pelaksanaan asistensi ditentukan kemudian berdasarkan janjian asistensi via sms 1 hari sebelum pelaksanaan asistensi.
• Apabila ada perubahan jadwal perkuliahan / studio pada hari pelaksanaan asistensi, maka jadwal akan diubah seperlunya secara temporal.


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Odseven Mini LED Arcade Button - 24mm Translucent Red Wholesale
The buttons screw in place, so you can use with up to ~15mm thick material, and will cover up if the hole if it isn't perfectly round and clean. The action is smooth, without a strong click, yet you can definitely feel when the button is pressed. A tiny micro-switch is pre-installed, with gold plated contacts.
Even unlit, they look fantastic: all of the colors have a crystal translucent glossy look. As noted they have two surface mount LEDs with resistors built in, buried in the button body. Next to the switch contacts are two additional contacts for powering/controlling the LEDs. The two LEDs are connected in series with a ~1K resistor, so you can power the LED from a microcontroller pin or direct from 5V (say USB) with 5mA draw.
Note that the Red and Yellow versions of these mini LED buttons cannot run at 3.3V because the LEDs are in series! 5V or higher is required.
Supply Voltage: 5V @ 5mA
Weight: 10.1g


text: Capable of being shot with or without a wrist brace, the Simple Shot "Hammer" slingshot / slingbow offers the marksman the opportunity to have one unit to support multiple shooting disciplines. Whether you are an archer or bowhunter looking for the next challenge or enjoy bowfishing, this gadget has you covered. Continue reading for another video and more information.