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Annual Wildlife Day
Wildlife Day 2020 is Cancelled.
We will be back on 27th June 2021
Join us for a family day out that is full of activities and information for all the family. Find out about the wildlife we have in this garden – and meet some of our wonderful insects and spiders. There will be plenty of experts on hand to give you top tips on how you make event the smallest of garden wildlife friendly.
Pay on the day
Cost £6 adults and £1 children
About our Wildlife Volunteers and Supporters
We are delighted that the following people, organisations and activities have already confirmed that they will be at our Annual Wildlife Day in June 2020.
They will be providing a variety of hands-on activities, themed walks in the garden and information for all you keen wildlife gardeners.
We will be adding to this list as we get confirmation.
Can't wait until June? Follow our dedicated Wildlife Day Facebook Page where we post lots of information about British wildlife and wildlife here in the garden.
Bumble Bee Conservation
Bees are important to the health of our countryside. They are vital as pollinators and have a key role in the production of our food. They feed on flowers and we see them here on the flowering plants from March to October.
Our garden has many plant species for bees to feed on, so you will see both honey bees, which live in our hives, and bumble bees. Join Alison from the Bumble Bee Conservation Trust to identify the bumble bees in our garden and see which flowers they are enjoying in June. So far she has recorded 10 species in our garden. Read more
Butterfly and Moth Conservation
Since 2012, David Baker has been visiting the garden regularly to set up his moth traps.
He will be setting them up again the evening before the wildlife day. He will help you identify the moths he has trapped and introduce you to the wonderful and exotic world of moths.
Over the years he has identified over 330 moths in our garden, including some that are very rare in this area, such as the privet hawk moth.
East Yorkshire Bat Group
There are 18 species of bats resident in the UK and all of them eat insects, so encouraging them into your garden is a good way to control pests.
The East Yorkshire Bat Group carry out research and conservation and offer advice about how to encourage bats into the garden.
They also have bat carers who help rescue injured or grounded bats. At our wildlife day you may be able to see one of these rescue bats.
Natural England
Experienced bird-ringer, Craig Ralston, will be back again to record the birds we have around the house and tea room area.
He will be catching and ringing the birds - a vital part of building a picture of changing bird populations. It also means that you will have the opportunity to see of our gardens birds up close.
Birds recorded in the past include this stunning bullfinch, as well as woodpeckers, blue tits, great tits and robins. Over 50 bird species have been recorded here at Stillingfleet. Read more
British Arachnological Society
Join Geoff Oxford, known as the spider man, on spider hunts around the garden.
Find out about the spiders and other arachnids you might see in your house and garden. Learn more about these fascinating animals and you can help in their conservation.
Geoff has written a number of articles for the children's Bug Club Magazine, so you can just keep on learning.
Little Urchins Hedgehog Rescue
We are so pleased that our garden here at Stillingfleet Lodge is viewed as a safe haven for rescue hedghogs. Every year we have a number of 'hogs released here after they have been rescued. Hedgehogs are very much part of our natural pest control as they eat so many slugs and snails.
These much loved animals are in a rapid decline and need your help. Fiona Quick from Little Urchins Hedgehog Rescue will be here to talk about you can encourage hedgehogs into your garden.
Project Wild: CIC
Nic Atherton, the man behind last summer's Selby Eco-Club and all round amazing naturalist is back.
He'll be leading pond dipping sessions, looking for some of the amazing animals that live in our wildlife pond, such as newts, dragonfly larvae and water boatmen.
He is also an expert on reptiles, so he will be available to talk about snakes and lizards too!
People. Landscape and Cultural Environment of Yorkshire
Celebrate and learn more about the natural and cultural heritage of Yorkshire with Dr Margaret Atherden, head of the charity PLACE.
Not only is she a fount of knowledge about the Yorkshire countryside, but she has already told me that she has some children's activities planned for the day.
North Yorkshire Rotters
We have seven compost heaps here at Stillingfleet onto which we put all our organic waste. This provides us with all the compost from the garden.
Learn how you can turn your kitchen and garden waste into a free supply of compost with the volunteers from North Yorkshire Rotters who will be hear all day sharing their tips and advice on all things compost related.
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust look after over 100 nature reserves across Yorkshire and involved in many more projects. They also have a really useful library of information about how you can help wildlife.
Find out more about their work and how you can support them and help nature in Yorkshire.
Owl Pellet Dissection
Find out what owls eat in one of the most popular activities of the day. Armed with just a pair of tweezers, you will be able to gently pull apart the pellets and learn to identify the bones inside.
Not only a fascinating insight into owl diets, but also a chance to compare the bones of the different animals they eat, such as voles, mice, small birds and amphibians.


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Everyone looks forward to Easter. It is a time for wonderfully colourful decorations and delicious treats – ideally served on the Spring Awakening collection from Villeroy & Boch. The beautifully-formed tableware made from the finest porcelain underscores the spring feeling and brings a happy mood to the home.
Buy directly from the manufacturer and receive attractive offers on the Villeroy & Boch Online Shop.
Free Delivery on orders over 1250kr
Free & easy returns
Convenient & Safe Payments
Tableware Customer Care
Call us for free:
Telephone: 00800 6864 8110
Monday - Friday: 8am – 6pm
In light of current events, we can't always be reached by phone. But you can contact us by email at any time.

subset: commoncrawl


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American Journal of Law & Medicine
From Copyright Experiences
First published in 1975, the American Journal of Law & Medicine (AJLM) is the country's leading health law journal. It is published by the Boston University School of Law, in conjunction with the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics. The journal publishes articles written by professors, attorneys, and other professionals, as well as student notes and comments. AJLM's scope is broad, covering topics ranging from health law and policy, to the legal, ethical and economic aspects of medical practice, research and education.
Peer Review: AJLM is now a peer-reviewed journal, with leading experts in health law reviewing every manuscript selected for publication. This process will further enhance the quality of journal articles, while we endeavor to minimize delays in the publication process.
Submission instructions To contact the journal, please e-mail us at email@example.com.


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He Dumped Me For No Reason So I Planned The Best Revenge
I just became an easy target for him. We met through our common friend at a resto cafe. I still remember he was my ex-crush's best friend. I had met our common friend after a very long time and after that we became close. That day, I found his attitude very attractive. I went to that particular cafe for the next three days continuously, to meet up our common friend. And that's when he introduced me to him.
We had an instant liking towards each other but I didn't give much importance to him that day.Share this quote
That very night, our common friend texted me saying that his friend likes me and that he wants to talk to me. So he asked me for permission if he could share my number with him and I happily said yes. Then I waited for 2 days, and I didn't get any text. I went to the cafe again and I saw him and fell head over heels in love with him. So I decided to text him first, with a "hey". And that's where our conversation began. We decided to meet, and I fell for him completely, not for his looks but for his attitude and caring nature. That very night, he said he had a crush on me but I was very insecure, as he was my ex-crush's best friend. He said that the past is past and he even made me believe in it. The very next day we went out, and that's when he proposed to me. I happily said yes and after that, we were just the best couple. He put up with all my mood swings and made me believe in love. Everything went on so well.
The three months with him felt magical.Share this quote
Then suddenly, for a whole week, he wasn't normal. We started off with an argument, and he said that he feels I'm not serious about this relationship. I asked him why and he just said that he feels so. The conversation went on, and I asked him if he needs a break and he said yes. I agreed, even though I didn't believe in it. But my instincts told me that it's not gonna end this way. So I asked his friend to talk to him. My instincts said that he was just moving on with other commitments and I didn't want to doubt him unnecessarily. And that's when his friend told me that he says he needs a break because he has lost that relationship vibe. My heart ached but I gained all my strength and called him to break it off because I didn't want a guy who gives such a lame reason. He also said that he got caught by his dad while texting me and his dad reminded him that love marriages are never accepted by his family. So it would be better if he forgets me and moves on.
I broke down, I asked him whether he didn't know all this before, before we kissed before we made love. He said that he thought he could convince his dad but now he was sure that he could not, and he doesn't want to hurt me in the future so it was better off to end this now. But he failed to understand that time does not matter, I gave this 3-month relationship as much effort as I would have put into a 5 month one. I realized that he was giving me lame reasons just to get rid of me. I just have one thing to tell him: You don't know how much you have hurt me but one day you will understand this and regret it because there's something called as Karma. I strongly believe that everything happens for a reason and your presence in my life also had a reason. I also learnt that I should never believe someone so easily. Thanks for the lesson.
I will not block you or delete your number, you will always be in my contact list so that you can see that I moved on, and that I'm the happiest without you.Share this quote
Share this empowering breakup story.


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Kanye West is running for President
- 25 Jul - 31 Jul, 2020
Those specific characters, that specific language by the brilliant writer could be nothing else but literature. Aangan, late 2018, gave me a feel of the classics! Bila shubha, what this pen-wielder wrote was a true picture of the fall of the conservative lifestyle of old Muslim India! The new serial, Aangan, written by the late ace fiction-writer, Khadija Mastoor, proves that in that age, the top writers wrote less, in years, but then their pen produced something that stood the test of time!
Any discerning mind would immediately find that this particular book wasn't harping on nostalgia, as was the style of many masters like Intezar Hussain. Here, Khadija Mastoor shows a perfectly objective approach to novel-writing, instead of going into raptures over the stunning grandeur of a Mughal haveli. She observes things with a complete understanding of what went down at Partition. Nostalgia, though it's there, takes a back seat to a ruthless, bitter analysis of what was considered an enviable civilisation. Because she shows how it collapsed. From the first episode on 20th December, Aangan brings forth characterisation that would baffle those, who are churning out lacklustre men and women with hardly any characteristics or habits, personality traits or prominent features!
Despite overall shortcomings, private drama throughout 2018 brought forth a much more evolving picture than what went by during the last decade on the drama channels. Granted the local serials still mostly concentrate on domestic drama, the fact is that we are, at least, attempting to enter from the wings, instead of the main door. Issues are being introduced in the tracks that could be a window of progressive thought. And that vital factor that is lifeblood of all spectacles, i.e. suspense, which was in Humsafar, which made it such a powerful serial, has returned to our dramas almost a decade later, in a big way!
Very few serials before 2018, projected real suspense. I mean, if you have Belapur kee Dayan, or Balaa, or Saya, you know you'll have fear and anxiety to play with, but generally, the basic ingredient of drama, suspense was lacking in most of the serials, which could number fifty, if you include three main segments, seven to eight, eight to nine, and nine to ten! Aside from those, you have replay of old hits, like we are having Zindagi Gulzar Hai, these days, or the appetite-quenching dish of the binge watching. So, you have a gross menu of nothing but drama, hour after hour, after the office-goers return in the evening! No wonder, men immediately invite wives to eating out these days! Tsk tsk! Anti-climax for bechara shauhar!
But, I was saying that why is suspense lacking? Just throw your mind back, and what do you see? In Ta'beer, did you expect a sudden twist in the script? No, and even when her son died accidentally (culprit being Safina), it was more like b/w Pakistani films used to thrive on tragic incidents, one after another, that fell on the poor heroine! It was Safina, whose acting, a singular case, that livened up the screen. At least, Pagli was an interesting tale told in a light-hearted way. Take the case of that pain in the kanpati, called Band Khirkiyan! Every episode is similar to the last. Moreover, the one-tone acting of Ali Agha forced me to gulp down a Dispirin. Then, just look at Zan Mureed, decidedly the worst fare this year. Where was the suspense in it? And then they say our homes and our lives lack excitement!
So, drama can't thrive without suspense, and mostly, in our fifty or so serials lack drama. Where's the drama if you keep on repeating young pairs breaking up in every serial, and being hooked up with other partners. Either the scripts are tactless, or the makers can't engineer suspense. You could see how situations were brought to bear that created drama in Daldal. Khair, in that serial, the acting was such that one enjoyed the serial; Zahid, Armeena, Asma Ejaz and others lived their lower-middle strata. Its end was unconvincing.
But, even normal pace, without being melodramatic, can put enough zing in a serial. Khamoshi is one case, where a meaty script did absolutely fine. And Zara Noor acted with such panache that she is surely heading for the top slot. Her maturity, her controlled delivery, and her sober expressions just floored all. Arguably, Zara could be the best actress of the year, with her other two serials, Lamhay, and Qaid still going on. Only Iqra Aziz, that insuppressible girl, has created doubts in hearts regarding the numero uno, after a late-season Ranjha Ranjha Kardi stopping traffic. Later, this year, Kaisee Aurat Hoon Main, leading with Nadya Khan, brought another study in working woman history. Nadya did above average, but there's room for improvement.
You have to admit that throughout 2018, drama moved towards some positive vectors. Not only did the working women got some mention, other crinkly issues also surfaced. From girl molestation (Dar See Jati Hai Sila) to people smuggling and exploitation of workers in the foreign lands (Daldal), some new angles did appear. Then, connivance of woman against woman in bazahir settled households (Ghar Titlee ka Par) was brilliantly highlighted, as well as abuse of women at private offices (Ab Dekh Khuda Kya Karta Hai) was underlined. In this context, Sanam Chaudhry's versatility was observed in two back-to-back serials. We do have an embarrassment of riches, and Yumna Zaidi and Kinza Hashmi in Hum TV's DSJHS, and Ishq Tamasha stood out. Both are highly talented, portraying different moods. They are still being praised for the jobs, but more is to be watched before any verdict can be given. Of course, how can you forget Sajal Ali, who has thoroughly been judged as a stunning artiste for the last almost a decade. Her work in Yaqeen ka Safar was also appreciated. The verdict for her has already been given: First Class! The cherubic child-woman did just great in O Rangreza, and she is proving it again excellently in Aangan. If quantity was one of the criteria, Aiman Khan would be standing up front, because this year, she's had the highest number of serials. Yet, most of those serials have one-dimensional roles for her. Sadly for her, she was intentionally given these monotonous roles. But, eventually, she's the one suffering from this, as you can see in Baandi, otherwise a very pertinent story. For the moment, these six girls, Zara, Sanam, Kinza, Yumna, Sajal, and Iqra stand out! But, Sajal has an edge over the other five, as she's much more experienced than them. My own vote goes to Zara Noor Abbas!
This year, the important news is that Shehzad Sheikh is finally learning to emote. He looks and acts normal for the most part! In Ghar Titlee ka Par, he wore brands, that fitted him, and he also ruffled some feathers by his small-screen anger. But, Ta'beer was another loose libada! Now, when the year ends, two brilliant artistes have been conspicuous by their absence. Bilal Abbas, after some good work in O Rangreza, was hardly seen in any other serial, and Zahid Ahmed, too, turned invisible in the second-half of 2018, after Daldal, and To Dil Ka Kya Hua.
Amongst the youngsters, Ramsha and Vihaj caught the eye in the serial, Mah-e-Tamam. The serial, itself went down like a ton of bricks in the later half, because there wasn't enough craft of writing in the climax. Moreover, Imad Irfani could not shoulder the vital role of a troubled husband. He screamed at the top of his voice, and botched up emotional delivery. He is just about average in Tawan, another terrible fare! Naveen, of course, is better every time you watch her in a new serial. Sahifa Jabbar is another charming addition to the fare, as she proved in Teri Meri Kahani. In Ishq Tamasha, quite a few young ones showed promise, which is nice to see. Ahad Raza Mir has been out and about, and Aangan may give him some good footage. But, the man who stole the show this year was definitely Imran Ashraf, who stunned in Ranjha Ranjha Kardi as a mentally retarted street urchin. He reminded us that even today, we can produce gifted men like Qazi Wajid and Behroze Sabzwari. Azfar Rehman had a few serials this year, which gives us the hope that he will move up the order in the coming years.
Enough of that! Now, once again, that desperate question pops up: why is domestic drama dominating? Why isn't there any variety in our private circuit?
I mean, scratch a one-line story, and you excavate a clichés-ridden domestic saga! Ninety percent of our serials are about a household. But, by example, this isn't true of Aangan! In this classic tale, the whole society is targeted by the author. It is the tasveer of an age before us, which connects with the early 20th century, a period in which a still-born nation faced the top-notch colonialist nation of inventors and intellectuals. It's the depression and frustration of a century, which pummels the generation of the 1900s, and the next! Aangan exposes a whole world around these nawabs and nawabzadis, along with the children coming next!
Thankfully, as I noted earlier, this year, some new corridors have opened up for us. Aangan is one such opening. Some issues have been raised, like the power of the landed elite in Baandi, the plight of the home servant in Aatish, the molestation of girls in the household in Dar See …. Sila, the issue of the working girl, what goes on in offices, what transpires in poor neighbourhoods in Ranjha Ranjha Kardi etc. It's good to see a musical comedy serial in Romeo Weds Heer. This year, it's been some progress, surely!


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Director, Business Operations at Ibotta
The Director of Business Operations is responsible for driving a multi-functional group of business units that interact with every component of the Ibotta system. The Business Operations teams are collectively responsible for managing the process, quality and functional work necessary to launch and monitor thousands of pieces of content into the Ibotta app every month.
This leader interacts directly with the leadership team in Sales, Account Management, Product Management, Engineering and Marketing to create and operate a highly effective set of cross functional processes. A successful candidate also identifies internal and external operational gaps and translates business demand into actionable business requirements/execution. This role oversees client-facing and internal teams, supports company-wide initiatives, and drives strategic integration with the many collaborative components that make up the Ibotta machines.
We are looking for someone with a proven track record of process evaluation and improvement who is excited to continue developing a talented group of managers and positively impact the Ibotta business.
What you'll be doing:
- Direct the operation of the Client Success Associate group, Technical Account Management Team, Launch Team, Live Team and Operations QA/QC
- 6 direct reports
- 57 total team members
- Be accountable for the highly accurate execution of thousands of campaign/offer/advertising setups each month
- Own the long term vision for operational, tool and organization improvement of the Business Operation functions
- Analyze and optimize operational resources, costs, and forecasts
- Develop and leverage relationships with organizational leaders, and utilize influencing skills to foster collaboration cross-departmentally, eliminating obstacles to the achievement of performance objectives
- Oversee the recruitment, selection, and development of talent; motivating teams and preparing individuals for growth opportunities and advancement
- Facilitate meetings with different business units and cross-functional teams to surface and address relevant information and discuss strategic considerations for projects and initiatives
- Lead, inspire, and motivate, as well as develop and grow, a team of talented managers
- Shape Ibotta's approach to business operations with a progressive perspective that melds business goals with Performance Marketer and Saver needs,
- Enable high-quality, timely execution in a fast-paced, iterative, fluid environment
- Serve as the public face for setup and executional operations at Ibotta
- Maintain collaborative and performance-driven team culture
What we're looking for:
- 5-15+ years of operations experience, building and leading a highly effective teams
- The ability to think at a high-level and visualize holistic process improvements, yet unafraid of getting into the weeds to tackle complex problems
- Excellent communication skills that shepherd stakeholders along and foster collaboration
- Seasoned organizational design thinking and experience with implementing structural changes from start to finish
- A strategic perspective to problem solving, coupled with creativity and determination
About Us:
Headquartered in Denver, CO, Ibotta ("I bought a...") is a free app that's transforming the shopping experience by making every purchase rewarding. The company partners with leading brands and retailers to offer real cash back on groceries, travel, electronics, clothing, gifts, home and office supplies, dining out, and much more. Ibotta is the ultimate starting point for savings, and having paid out more than $500 million in cash rewards to its Savers, it's no surprise why Ibotta is one of the most downloaded shopping apps in the United States
Learn more about Ibotta here: https://liferewarded.ibotta.com/press-and-media/
Additional Details:
- This position is located in Denver, CO and includes competitive pay, benefits package (including medical, dental, vision), 401k, commuter stipend, and equity.
- Ibotta provides equal employment opportunities (EEO) to all employees and applicants for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetics.
- Applicants must be currently authorized to work in the United States on a full-time basis.


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As you enter this family home you are greeted with the cosy lounge that invites you in with stripped floorboards, original cornicing and feature fireplace. The large box bay window allows a lot of natural light to flood in. The second reception room, the original dining room, is currently being used as a study. This room enjoys a beautiful floor to ceiling window, again with fireplace and stripped floors. These rooms could be opened up to create one through room as many home owners in the area have done.
On from here you have a good sized kitchen/dining room, which has plenty of cupboards and worktops. There is also space for freestanding appliances and a dining table. From here you have access to the good sized garden, a private sanctuary perfect for any keen gardeners, with two seating areas and many mature shrubs and plants, selected for year round colour and interest.
The first floor houses three double bedrooms. The split level landing takes you to the master bedroom at the front, and this room enjoys a box bay window and feature fireplace. The other two bedrooms are of generous sizes and both enjoy views out to the garden. On this floor you have the family bathroom and separate WC. The loft is a great size and like many on the road you could convert this space to create a fourth bedroom. The property is situated in this highly sought after residential area, within the catchment area for excellent local schools and the shopping facilities available in Preston Drove, Preston Village and Fiveways. Preston Park mainline station is less than half a mile away providing a commuter service to both Gatwick and London.Reference: 231398


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With 2018 quickly approaching, it's time to re-evaluate a few things in our lives — starting with our wardrobe. The first step? Take a look back at the trends and determine whether or not you're going to continue rocking them in 2018.
Here are five fashion trends we're ditching in the new year.
Lace-up Corset Belts
The corset belt may have skyrocketed to stardom in the blink of an eye, but its downfall is proving to be just as quick.
Tour Merch
You can thank the Kardashians for making tour merch pretty much a staple in your closet — but not for long. This is one trend that we're definitely leaving behind in 2017.
Faux Fur Loafers
Perhaps the biggest fashion trend of 2017 was faux fur loafers. Sure, they're soft, comfy, and keep your feet nice and toasty, but we always knew their time in the spotlight would eventually come to an end.
Thick black chokers
The '90s trend made a huge comeback this past year, but it may be time to retire the style once again — but we're still into rocking chokers that come in thin, dainty styles.
Plastic Shoes
Popularized by Yeezy, the plastic shoe trend was especially big this year. But if you really think about it, it's kind of silly, isn't it? If we're dishing out cash, we should be getting shoes that at least cover our feet.
Which trends are you taking with you into the new year and which trends are you leaving behind? Let us know in the comments below!
xx, The FabFitFun Team


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COVID-19 bereavement: advice for you
As well as feeling incredibly sad, people bereaved by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) are also experiencing the shock of a loved one dying suddenly, often after a very short period of illness.
Government restrictions to slow the spread of coronavirus (such as social distancing and self-isolation) also mean that many people cannot spend time with their loved one as they are dying, nor spend time with their loved one's body afterwards, nor hold a normal memorial gathering.
Faced with this particularly challenging type of bereavement, people may experience a range of difficult feelings and symptoms. How you react is normal for you, and understandable in the circumstances. Looking after yourself is the most important thing right now, and will help your recovery. Family and friends can also provide care and support to anyone who is grieving.
This page lists common and normal reactions experienced by people who are bereaved suddenly and in shocking conditions. It also provides advice on how you can help care for yourself at this difficult time.
Common reactions you may experience
- Sadness and shock. As well as being sad, some people may think about events leading up to a death repeatedly, for example seeing a loved one very poorly.
- Disbelief. It may feel as though the person who died is going to walk in the room. When you wake up, you may feel that it can't be true.
- Numbness and exhaustion. You may feel overwhelmed and unable to move much, concentrate or communicate well. You may feel unable to get on with things without making simple mistakes. Things may feel pointless.
- Frightened or panicky. You may worry about more deaths happening. You may find you get stressed about things that normally you could cope with. You may feel angry, for example that plans are ruined. You may have dreams that scare you.
- A sense of "if only". You may wish that you had spent more time with the person who has died before they became ill, or told them that you loved them more, or not had arguments with them.
- Physical symptoms. You may feel jumpy, tense, or restless. Some people shake, sweat or cannot speak normally; or have aches and pains such as headaches or stomach upsets; or feel they are choking. You may struggle to sleep or eat as you normally would.
- Loneliness. You may feel no-one understands what you are going through. You may feel lonely, particularly if you are self-isolating, due to infection risk.
Advice on coping with your reactions
Remember your reactions are normal. A sudden death is very challenging for anyone to experience. Caring for yourself and seeking help from friends and family, and other people who care for you, will help you to cope at this time.
- Make sure you have the basics you need to be safe. Food, heat and shelter. Above all, if you feel you are unsafe in any way, for example you do not have food or heating or you feel threatened in any way by someone, call your local health providers or social services and seek help.
- Now is not the time to try to cope on your own. Talking with people you love, or others who can care for you at this time, and sharing what you are going through, can be very comforting. Research has found that people who support each other are less likely to develop debilitating, ongoing conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression.
- If you live with family members or friends, find time to talk with each other, share your feelings and support each other. You may experience very different reactions at different times. Try to be understanding of each other during these different reactions.
- If, due to the need to prevent the spread of coronavirus, you are separated from loved ones, talk with them over the phone, or by digital means including video. Video means you can see someone's warm face and kind eyes, which many people find helps them to connect and feel supported.
- If you are feeling isolated, but have friends elsewhere, let them know what you are going through, by phone or in other, digital, ways; for example if you talk to friends normally through social media. Social media means many of us can reach out to groups of people who can support us. You may think that friends aren't close enough, don't understand, or will be too busy. But friends can be enormously helpful at this time.
- If you are surprised that a friend or family member has not contacted you, you may want to contact them. They may think you do not want their help, but they may want to help, and may have wonderful qualities that enable them to support you over the phone or in other, digital, ways.
- Bereavement and social support helplines can help. Call one you know or use the directory on this website. If lines are busy, leave a message if possible, or call back. They will call you when they can. Even if you have lots of family and friends, it can help to talk to someone outside your normal circles sometimes. If you are feeling isolated, and feel you have no family or friends, it is particularly important to seek help over the phone.
- If you are at home with other people, isolating together in order to stop the spread of coronavirus, it may be hard to be kind to each other all the time. If someone says something that you consider hurtful, remember they probably did not mean to hurt you. They may not know what to say or were dealing with their own, challenging feelings and not thinking about your feelings. It may help to read this page together.
- If you are caring for children, it is important to know that the needs of children are, in many ways, similar to the needs of adults. It is important for children to understand what has happened, and to be given opportunities to talk about it and feel supported. Read our advice on caring for children bereaved through COVID-19 [coming soon].
- You may really miss the experience of being hugged or held, due ot social distancing or self-isolation at home. Try to think of other things that may give you a small sense of comfort. For example, getting warm under a duvet, or cuddling a pet, having a warm bath, or sitting in some sunshine for a few moments.
- If you have physical symptoms at this time, be aware that some of these may be due to your bereavement. However, if you are concerned that you may be poorly for another reason, including COVID-19 (coronavirus disease), contact a medical practitioner immediately.
- If you are confined to your home in order to stop the spread of coronavirus, try to find ways to think of it as a place where you should look after yourself at this important time of grieving. Do things slowly and carefully so you stay safe. For example, when pouring boiling water out a kettle. Try to do just one thing at a time.
- From your home, you may want to do things that help you remember the person who has died. Some people find it helpful to create memory boxes containing things that belonged to their loved one, or frame photographs, or write about their loved one.
- Listen to how your body is feeling. Try to eat a little and often, and eat what you want, when you feel like it. Remember to stay hydrated. Hot, sugary drinks can be helpful. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants such as alcohol or illegal drugs.
- Sleep when you can, even if only for a few hours at a time. Some people may find sleeping tablets useful for a short time but remember that drugs are not a long-term solution to the stress of sudden bereavement. If you feel you need help sleeping, talk to your medical practitioner.
- Delay doing any difficult or dangerous tasks that require full concentration, for example operating motorised machinery. It is easy to make mistakes and injure yourself at a time of high stress. Avoid driving if you can.
- Let out your feelings. Crying can help. Listening to favourite music can help. Some people find it helps to express themselves, for example through writing or painting or doing something that reminds them of the person who has died.
- Physical exercise can help, such as a short walk from your home for a change of scenery, gardening, or gentle movement such as yoga. If you exercise, you may want to carry on exercising, but look after yourself when doing it. Do not over-exercise yourself to the point of exhaustion. Exercising can also release strong feelings.
- If you feel panicky, breathing in and out deeply and slowly for a few minutes can be calming. Sit somewhere peaceful. Breathe fully in, and count to five, breathe fully out, and count to five, and so on, for a minute.
- If you feel bleak and cannot imagine ever being happy again, remember it will not always feel this way. Take each moment as it comes. Your reactions and behaviours at this time are normal and this is a very challenging time; but you will feel better in the future and you can move on to a new life.
Many people find that about a month after a sudden bereavement they start to feel a bit better. They accept the death, and can move forward with their life, even though they feel sad and remember with sorrow what has happened. However, some people continue to experience very challenging thoughts and reactions, and these can be symptoms of conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If you are experiencing very challenging thoughts and reactions, you may need to seek further help from a medical practitioner including a course of therapy from a qualified counsellor. Many counsellors offer video counselling if you cannot attend a face-to-face meeting..
Grieving takes time and you need to make time for it. Many people find it helpful to know that other people bereaved in sudden and distressing ways have gone on to lead full and happy lives, while still remembering with sorrow what has happened.
Copyright Sudden 2020


text: SweetHeart 1 Posted September 23, 2017 Hey my server is using older version of hydro. But after the update I noticed that for example if you have all the cooking ingredients for something.. before it would pop up at the top of the crafting menu. Now even if you have all the stuff it doesnt switch to the top you have to scroll and find it. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Mr Mike Wilson
Postgraduate research student
Postgrad research student, politics and international relations. PhD subject: wages and justice.
I am a trade union official for the public services union, UNISON. I am working on my PhD thesis part time.
In the course of my work in the labour movement I have encountered grave injustices. Workers are told that if they are industrious, if they make fullest use of their talents, they will be rewarded appropriately. The highest wages accrue to those who work hardest and are most talented. But is that true? After all, the people at the top of contemporary society do not earn a wage and likely never have and never will. Their (much larger) incomes are derived from rents and capital.
My research seeks to answer the question: can a wage-based society deliver distributive justice for workers?
If wages are not a just reward to labour, then perhaps we need to divorce labour from resource allocation altogether and find "non-market" rewards to motivate production.


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All item details
The wide shoulder straps give this tote bag its sporty look.
- Made of authentically grained faux leather
- Press-stud fastening, patch pocket on the front
- Zip compartment on the inside
- Variable zip compartment
- Wide shoulder straps
Size info
- Breadth: Approx. 16 cm
- Length: Approx. 42 cm
- Height: Approx. 33 cm
- Length of strap : Approx. 58 cm
Material and care
- Outer fabric: 100% Polyester / Polyurethane Coated
Customer ratings
Faux leather tote bag
Overall rating:
(3 of 5 stars)
Nice bag but thought it closes with a zip. Returned.
There are no more text evaluations for this style.


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Munich, 20 July 2012
On 16 May 2012 the Bundesgesetzblatt (Federal Legal Gazette) published details about the "button solution" regarding the new regulations for more transparency in online sales as passed by the German government. The "button solution" aims at guarding against cost and subscription traps that customers had been lured into in the past. This is an important step for restoring customer trust in online sales.


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The Truth is Funny .....shift happens! with Host Colette Marie Stefan: Your DNA is listening to you! with Charan Surdhar
11/08/2017 08:00 am PDT
Did you know that your every thought, feeling and emotion is being heard by your DNA? Learn how you can shift this so that you are in alignment with your truth. Colette Marie Stefan and Charan Surdhar shifting energy on The Truth is Funny!
Colette Marie Stefan
The Truth is Funny - Wednesdays 8 am Pacific 11 am Eastern Every 1st WednesdayColette and her dragons from Tails From The Vector - Tune-in for three card consultations and ...Find out more »
Charan Surdhar
Charan Surdhar is a geneticist turned epigeneticist. All that means is that she provides a safe space for you to release beliefs and perceptions that then free up your DNAto...Find out more »


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Nanohybrid polyurethane (PUR)/functionalized silsesquioxane (PHIPOSS) systems. Part II. X-Ray structural investigations using WAXD and SAXS methods
Polimery 2014, No 2, 147
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2014.147
The structure of the nanohybrid PUR/POSS systems containing 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt. % PHIPOSS has been characterized by WAXD and SAXS methods. WAXD diffraction patterns of the hybrid elastomers were analyzed by deconvolution into diffuse scattering maxima of the hard phase or soft phase and the diffraction peak corresponding to the (101) crystallographic plane of the POSS hexagonal unit cell. The dimension D101 of the POSS crystallites formed in PUR/PHIPOSS elastomers, was determined using the Scherrer equation. Clear differences in the values of D101 (34—22 nm), with changes not occurring on aregular basis, were found for various PHIPOSS contents. Moreover, for all the systems investigated, it was observed that the so-called 'prepeak' of the main amorphous halo in WAXD patterns was shifted to lower diffraction angles with an increase in PHIPOSS content. This was corresponding to an increase of correlation length associated with this peak, from 0.75 nm in case of the unmodified PUR to about 1.18 nm for the elastomer containing 10 wt.% PHIPOSS.
One-dimensional correlation functions K(r) and CF(r) for the lamellar supramolecular structure of the investigated systems were determined from SAXS diffraction patterns.
Based on the analysis of these functions, the following parameters have been determined: the long period of the lamellar supramolecular structure, the volume fraction and average thickness of the hard and soft phases, and the changes in the scattering power for hybrid polyurethane containing 4 and 10 wt. % of PHIPOSS compared to unmodified polyurethane. It was found that after the modification of polyurethane chains with PHIPOSS molecules the long period of the lamellar supramolecular structure of the investigated elastomers was not changed, whereas the thickness of the hard layers was reduced (from 4,1 nm to 3,8—3,4 nm) and the thickness of the soft layers was simultaneously increased (from 7,0 nm to 7,4—7,8 nm).
It was also observed that the scattering power for the elastomers with POSS mass fractions of 4 and 10 % is reduced by 11 % and 22 %, respectively. This effect has been attributed to the location of PHIPOSS crystallites in the regions between the lamellar stacks in the polyurethane matrix of nanohybrid elastomers.
e-mail: email@example.com


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Joe Kendall Broker * Realtor with Keller Williams Realty of Fort Myers & The Island is a 20 year resident of Sanibel and Cape Coral Florida.
Joe talks about why now is a great time to sell your home located in southwest Florida In today's world of the COVID-19.
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Phone 239-560-0726
Email email@example.com


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Reading progress update: I've read 21%.
"I spent my life folded between the pages of books.
In the absence of human relationships I formed bonds with paper characters. I lived love and loss through stories threaded in history; I experienced adolescence by association. My world is one interwoven web of words, stringing limb to limb, bone to sinew, thoughts and images all together. I am a being comprised of letters, a character created by sentences, a figment of imagination formed through fiction."
Shatter Me
Tahereh Mafi
I can't stop reading!
I'm really enjoying Tahereh Mafi's writing.


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A Chat With A Guard
When you first walk into one of these towns, you should look for a guard. They're easily recognizable and either patrol around or defend the borders of the town. These guards, unlike other guards you will encounter as you go on journeys through hubs in other zones, can be interacted with to find specific NPCs and services. When you mouse over them, your mouse will turn into a map icon to indicate that that specific guard can give directions. When you talk to them, you will see this:
- The Bank: The bank is a place where you can store items. They are always in capital cities and also show up in a few other areas. Your bank can hold 28 items plus an additional 7 bag slot's worth of items. The bag slots for your bank must be purchase individually (reaching a price up to 25 gold for the last few slots).
- The Flight Master: This will be called something like "The wind rider master" or "The gryphon master" based on your faction and race. They all serve the same purpose of allowing you to fly to other flight masters you have visited or flight masters in zones that are within your level range (a bit more on this later). Flying to another area incurs a small fee. To fly to another area, click on a point on the map that pops up when you interact with a flight master. Flight masters you have not seen show up as a green exclamation point on the map. Flight masters, when moused over, have a winged boot icon.
- The Inn(keeper): Inns are places where you can buy some food and water and "rest" for a time. You can also interact with the Innkeeper to set your "home." When you do this, you can use your Hearthstone, an item that you begin the game with (if you lose your Hearthstone you can talk to any Innkeeper and get another by setting your home again) to teleport to that area as often as the cooldown permits. By default, your Hearthstone will be set to your starting area, which is why it's important to change it as soon as possible (preferably to a capital city like Stormwind or Orgrimmar). You can use your Hearthstone at almost any time, even in combat, though the cast time is long and damage will stop it. An Innkeeper has a Hearthstone-shaped icon when you mouse over them.
- Note that while in an Inn or capital city you can log out instantly. This is a good way to indicate where you can accumulate rested experience faster as well, as you will gain 5% of experience as rested (or one bar out of the 20 needed to level, with the cap at 30 bars) every 8 hours as opposed to every 32 hours. Rested experience is a boon because monster kills grant double experience until the rested experience is consumed.
- The Stable Master: This NPC is exclusive for Hunters. They serve as something of a storage facility for Hunter pets, similar to that of a bank. If you played Pokemon, you can think of it as your PC.
- Class Trainer: As mentioned in the previous article, class trainers can provide some class-specific services later in the game.
- Profession Trainer: Profession trainers can teach you a profession and train you as you progress in that profession. Professions will be covered in greater detail in the next article.
|Keep in mind only Hunters can track Stable Masters
Journey To The Capitals
Eventually you'll reach a point where you travel to the capital cities of the game. These can either be faction-specific or neutral hubs. The faction-specific hubs are as follows and are always near a starting zone.:
Alliance have control of Stormwind (near Elwynn Forest), Ironforge (near Dun Morogh), Darnassus (on Teldrassil), and The Exodar (on Azuremyst Isle).
Horde have control of Orgrimmar (near Durotar), Thunder Bluff (near Mulgore), Undercity (near Trisifal Glade), and Silvermoon City (near Eversong Woods).
These towns are important because they have a vast number of NPCs and services that exceed the starting zone towns and serve as the major hub that sends you out to other areas by means of quests. However, because of that, they will be covered gradually in future articles when they become relevant. Just remember to set a Hearthstone point to a capital (preferably Stormwind/Orgrimmar).


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Shoulder injections in Tulsa | Brush the pain off your shoulder
This content was written for Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center.
I feel so sorry for the pain that you have to endure every day. I can only imagine what must be going through waking up in the morning taking copious amounts of pain pills in order to barely function. Will what if I told you there's an alternative, would you take a gamble and go with a holistic approach to healing your body or maybe a shoulder injections in Tulsa Oklahoma. Will there is one option I highly recommend for you in order to alleviate your pain their name is Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center and they have been serving our community for many years faithfully. They are always going above and beyond to deliver well beyond our wildest imaginations on what we thought pain management once. This is a huge game changer and they have flipped the script on how we diagnose and treat acute and chronic pain.
They have some of the most experienced doctors to administer shoulder injections in Tulsa Oklahoma here at their wellness clinic. All of their physicians are board certified in pain management and are absolutely committed and dedicated to over delivering patients with the highest sense of urgency and quality of care. You will not find anymore superior care than the doctors here at Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center. They are extremely compassionate and they are incessantly going above and beyond in order to make sure to every patient that they take into their facility is well cared for as well as their families. But not only during your treatment stay but after. They truly care about keeping you the holistic healing you deserve and will stop at nothing until they achieve their goals.
Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center is different than any other pain clinic around the nation as they offer a multidisciplined very approach to pain management besides their full-service pain management they also include shoulder injections in Tulsa Oklahoma and pharmacologic therapies. Even will help you in selecting the appropriate chiropractor, acupuncture, psychologies and massage therapist to continue your mental and emotional transformation towards healthy living. I guarantee you have never seen another pain clinic that operates quite like the you and you will be extremely ecstatic when you wake up with next to no pain after enduring amazing treatment here at Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center.
Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center offers the most hands on pain management services in the industry today. They also take the majority of insurance providers on the insurance market. But I would double check by giving them a call in order to make sure your insurance taken at the clinic. But if not it is still worth going in because no amount of money matters if your life is in constant shambles with pain.
In the day that you change your life forever and with all your pain? I sure hope so take my word for it and go visit Oklahoma Pain & Wellness Center today. You can visit their website at www.okpainandwellness.com or give them a call at (918) 935-3240.


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As a professional speaker, Stacey Etherson has presented programming to professionals. She also is available as an expert topic speaker on HR issues such as compliance, talent acquisition, problem-solving, process improvement and workforce development for conferences.
As a result of these programs, employers and/or board members learn how to communicate company goals, recruit and retain the right talent for your culture and are empowered to implement best human resource practices within their individual organizations.
For the past year, Stacey has presented regularly as part of the Community College for Allegheny County's Continuing Professional Education programs.
Stacey Etherson is one of our most conscientious, reliable, and respected CCAC Professional Continuing Education adjunct instructors. Stacey has provided various programs on human capital topics to accountants who attend our programs on a regular basis. She is very well received and her course presentations, which range from traditional topics to emerging issues, are current and refreshing. Stacey continually provides interesting, thought provoking, and well planned presentations which are positively evaluated by our professional continuing education program participants.
Francis J. Sekula, Ph.D., M.H.A., M.P.A., Account Executive, Workforce Development, Community College of Allegheny County


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Fédération Cynologique Internationale
The Kennel Club
United Kennel Club
Bergamasco Shepherd(Cane da Pastore Bergamasco)
October 2009
Shepherd dog used in driving and guarding herds.
|Group 1
|Sheepdogs and Cattledogs
|Section 1
|Without working trial
Herding Dog
Mrs. Peggy Davis and Mrs. Ruth Binder-Gresly.
This ancient breed of guard dogs of herds has spread all over the region of the Italian Alps; the total number of these dogs was especially great in the Bergamasca valleys, where the breeding of sheep was highly developed.
The Bergamasco is an ancient North Italian breed, a shepherd used for guiding herds in the Po Valley during the winter and in the mountains of the Alps during the summer. The number of dogs is great in the Bergamasco Valleys, where the breeding of sheep developed in ancient times. The Bergamasco was recognized by the United Kennel Club January 1, 1995.
The Bergamasco shepherd is a dog of medium size of rustic appearance with an abundant coat covering all parts of the body, of a powerful construction but very well proportioned. Its general shape is that of a medium proportions dog, whose body fits into a square. He is balanced as much in relation to its size (heterometry = normal proportions between size and different parts of the body) as with the profiles (alloidisme = concordance between the profiles of the head and the body).
Medium-sized sheepdog of ancient origin. Powerfully constructed, square in profile, heavily coated.
The Bergamasco is herding dog of medium size and rustic appearance. The body is compact and square in profile. The Bergamasco's characteristic feature is its unique coat, made up of three types of hair. The coat forms "flocks" or loose mats, which cover the dog's body and legs, and protect the dog from weather and predators. The hair on the head is typically long and hangs over the eyes.
The length of the body, measured from the foremost point of the shoulder (humeral-scapular joint) to the rearmost point of the thigh (pelvic tuber of the ischium) is equal to the height at the withers (the body thus fitting into a square). Permitted, but not desirable is a slight margin of tolerance which in no case must be more than one or two cms. The length of the head is 4/10 of the height at the withers. The depth of chest must be 50% of the height at the withers.
Vigilant guard with strong protective instinct. Tight skin. Unusual and distinctive coat.
The function of the Bergamasco Shepherd is to guide and guard the herd, task for which he shows exemplary disposition thanks to his vigilance, his concentration and psychological balance- His learning faculty and determination combined with his moderation and patience make of him an excellent guard and companion dog, suited to the most divers uses. He establishes a close relationship with man.
Intelligent, cautious, patient. Good companion/guard.
The function of the Bergamasco is to both guide and guard the herd. He is vigilant and determined when working. His learning faculty and determination, combined with his moderation and patience, make him an excellent guard and companion dog, suited to the most different uses. He is able to establish a close relationship with man.
The length of muzzle is the same as that of the skull. In its parallelepiped ensemble, the head seems large. The skin must not be thick, but close fitting to the underlying tissues without forming wrinkles.
Skull and muzzle of equal length. Tight skin with no wrinkle. Broad skull, slightly convex between high set ears, but rounded forehead. Width of skull no more than half length of head from occiput to nostril. Top of skull and top of muzzle parallel in profile. Prominent occiput. Definite stop with marked median furrow. Fairly deep truncated muzzle tapers slightly towards nose, but never pointed with rather flat foreface and strong under jaw. Well pigmented, tight lips just cover front of jaw.
The head is proportionate to the size of the dog, with the skull and muzzle of equal length, parallel to one another, and joined at a pronounced stop. The skin on the head is tight with no wrinkles.
The skull is broad and slightly convex between the ears; is also wide and rounded in the region of the forehead. The upper longitudinal head planes of the skull and the muzzle are parallel. The length of the skull is the same as that of the muzzle. Its width must not be more than half the length of the head. The protuberances of the forehead are well developed both in longitudinal and transversal sense, the zygomatic process of the frontal bone are well defined. The median frontal furrow (or flute) is marked; the occipital protuberance is obvious and prominent.
The skull is slightly domed between the ears, and rounded at the forehead. The skull is at most as wide as it is long, and features a prominent occiput and a marked median furrow.
The frontal-nasal depression (stop) is well adjusted, but accentuated due to the marked apophyses of the bones of the nose and forehead, the frontal protuberances and superciliary arches.
The dark nose is fully pigmented.
Tapers progressively towards its extremity and its lateral sides converge slightly, so that the muzzle itself is not pointed but truncated, with a foreface rather flat. Its length is the same of that of the skull. Its width, measured at half length, reaches about 50% of its length. The height of the muzzle must not be less than half its length. The upper profile of the muzzle, traced by the profile of the face, is straight. The lower profile is not determined by the lip, but by the jaw. Because of this conformation, the corner of the lips is not obvious; the mouth is well split so that the corner of the lips is at the level of an imaginary vertical from the outer angle of the eye. The lower profile of the jaw is almost straight.
Well split lips, with inner corner directly below vertical line from outer corner of eye. Scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws.
The depth and width of the muzzle, measured at midpoint, are each about half the length of the muzzle. The muzzle is blunt, tapering only slightly toward the nose. The lips are tight and of black pigment. They just cover the teeth. The inner corner of the mouth reaches back to a vertical line drawn down from the outside corner of the eye. The cheeks are not very prominent.
Fine and of little importance, they separate under the nose making a well opened arc which forms a third of a circle; hence the teeth in the jaw are only just covered. The rims of the lips are well pigmented.
Upper and lower jaw well developed; the lower jaw (mandible) really strong and large. Teeth white, complete and well developed dentition; incisors in regular alignment. Scissor bite.
The jaw is wide, with a full complement of strong, evenly spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite. The lower jaw is large and strong. The incisors are regularly aligned.
Not very prominent.
Large; iris of a more or less dark chestnut colour depending on the colour of the coat. They are set on an almost identical frontal plan. Their expression is soft, serene and attentive. The opening of the eyelid is slightly oval and the eyelid axis has an obliqueness of about 15° on the horizontal. The eyelids fit tightly over the eye, with black pigmented rims; eyelashes are particularly long so that they can lift the hair falling from the forehead over the eyes.
Oval, large, dark chestnut colour preferred, but depends on colour of coat. Soft, serene but attentive expression. Tight fitting black eye rims with long lashes.
The eyes are large, slightly oval, and set just slightly obliquely. Eye color is dark chestnut, with the darkness of the color varying with the color of the coat. The eye rims are tight-fitting and black. The eyelashes are particularly long so they can lift the hair that falls over the eyes. The expression is attentive and calm.
Set high, semi-drooping, i.e. the last two thirds of the lobe are drooping. When the dog is attentive, the ear lifts slightly at its base. Triangular shape. Length is between 11 and 13 cm, width 6.5 to 8 cm. It shows a wide base which, towards the back, extends to where the head sets on the neck, whereas towards the front, it reaches the middle of the skull. The tip is slightly rounded. On the ears the hair is slightly wavy and soft; ends up forming fringes on the tip.
Set high, top two-thirds semi-drooping. Ear lifts from base when attracted. Triangular shape, wide base tapers into neckline. Slightly rounded tips. Covered with soft, slightly wavy hair forming fringes at tips.
The ears are soft and thin, and hang down on either side of the face. The ears are set on high. At its widest point, the ear is from 2½ to 3 inches wide. Ear length does not exceed half the length of the head, and shorter is preferred. The top two-thirds of the ear is triangular in shape, with slightly rounded tips. When the dog is alert, the ears prick up at the base, with the top two-thirds semi-drooping. Viewed from the side, the ears appear to be an extension of the curve of the back of the neck. The ears are covered with soft, slightly wavy hair, forming fringes at the tip.
Upper profile is slightly convex. The neck is a little bit shorter than the head; in effect, when extended, is not more than 80% of the length of the head. The perimeter of the neck, taken halfway of its length, must be at least double its length. The skin is never flabby, so always without dewlap. Hair must be dense.
Medium length, strong, well arched, no dewlap. Densely coated. Joins back in gentle slope to high set withers.
The neck is strong, slightly arched, and, measured from the nape to the forward edge of the withers, should be about 20 percent shorter than the length of the head. In its center, the perimeter of the neck must be at least twice its length. There is no dewlap. The hair on the neck must be dense. FOREQUARTERS
Depth is half height at withers, which are well defined. Length from point of shoulder to point of buttocks equal to height at withers. Brisket reaches to elbow. Broad back. Well sprung ribs. Straight topline. Sloping croup.
The Bergamasco is square, with the length of body measured from point of shoulder to point of buttocks equal to the height measured at the withers. Permitted, but not desirable, is a slight margin of tolerance which in no case must be more than ¾ (three-quarters) of an inch. The ribs are well-sprung and let down to the elbows. The depth of the rib cage is equal to half the dog's height at the withers. The line of the back inclines very slightly downward from prominent withers to a strong, broad back with a straight upper line. The loin is well-muscled and broad. The croup is slightly sloping, about 30 degrees downward from the horizontal. Tuck-up is nearly absent.
Withers well defined from the straight topline. The lumbar region shows a certain convexity and the rump is somewhat sloping.
High and long. The neck harmoniously joined to the body.
Straight, well muscled and of good width, its length about 30% of the height at the withers. Lumbar region merging well with the topline and the rump. The length of the lumbar part is about 20% of the height at the withers; it is thus definitely shorter than the dorsal part. The width of the lumbar region is about the same as its length; muscles of the whole region are well developed.
Wide, strong, well muscled and slanting, with an inclination of 30° below the horizontal; transversal width between the hips must be 1/7th of the height at the withers.
Must be ample, brisket let down to the level of the elbows and well curved – Its perimeter (measured behind the elbows) is more by 25% than the height at the withers - Its transversal diameter must reach 30% of the height at the withers. Depth and height of the chest must be 50% of the height at the withers.
Underline and belly:
From the sternum, the lower profile rises very slightly towards the belly which is a little tucked up. The length of the flanks must correspond with that of the lumbar region, which is short. The hollowness in the flanks is minimal.
Set on third part of rump, thick and strong at its root, tapering towards its extremity. Covered with goat-like hair slightly wavy. Its length is 60 to 65% of the height at the withers and reaches the hock easily when the dog is standing normally; though it is preferable it should be shorter. At rest the tail is carried "sabre" fashion i.e. drooping in its first third parts, then slightly curved in its last third part. In action the dog wags his tail like a flag.
Strong at root, tapering towards tip. Reaches hock easily, but preferably no longer. Slightly curved towards tip at rest, carried flag-like when animated.
The tail is set on in the last third of the croup. The tail is uncut, thick at the base, and tapering to the tip. When the dog is in repose, the tail just reaches to the hock, and is carried in saber fashion, with a curve in the lower third. When the dog is in action the tail waves like a flag.
On the whole seen from the front and in profile the forequarters are straight. Height from ground to elbow is 50% of the height at the withers; they are well proportioned in relation to the size of the dog.
Straight when seen from front and side. Well angulated shoulder with good lay back, and length and angulation of upper arm. Elbows set under body. Straight forelegs, with strong bone and muscle. Short pasterns.
The shoulders are massive and strong. The shoulder blade is about 6 to 6¾ inches long and is moderately laid back, about 50 degrees from the horizontal. The shoulder blades should be tightly knit. The upper arm is just slightly longer than the scapula, about 7 inches. The angle formed by the scapula and upper arm varies between 105 and 125 degrees.
Well constructed and massive. The length of the shoulder blade is a little more than the quarter of the height at the withers and measures between 15 and 17 cm. Its obliqueness below the horizontal is of 45 of 55 degrees. Muscles must always be well developed.
Upper Arm:
Must be well muscled with strong bone construction. Its length is 30% of the height at the withers. Its inclination below the horizontal is between 60 and 70 degrees. The opening of the scapula-humerus angle varies between 105 and 125 degrees.
Must be placed in parallel plans to the median plane of the body. The point of the elbow must be on an imaginary vertical letdown from the caudal angle of the shoulder blade. The opening of the radial-humerus angle varies between about 150 and 155 degrees. From the level of the elbow going downwards, the hair must be abundant, long and dense, with a tendance to look like flocks of hair.
The vertical forearm is about the same length as the upper arm and is placed so that the point of the elbow is on a vertical line falling from the tops of the scapulae. The elbows are neither close to the body nor out, but are set on a plane parallel to the body. The wrist follows the vertical line of the forearm and is very mobile. The pisiform bone protrudes. The pasterns are straight when viewed from the front, and slightly sloping when viewed from the side.
Vertical; its length is at least equal to that of the upper arm. Muscle and bone well developed.
Carpus (wrist):
Mobile and lean with the pisiform bone clearly protruding, it extends the vertical line of the forearm.
Must be lean and mobile. Seen from the front, must be placed in the same vertical plan as the forearm. Seen in profile , is slightly oblique to the front.
Oval with well closed and arched toes. Strong well pigmented nails. Hard pads of dark colour.
The feet are oval, with toes well knit and arched. The pads of the feet are tough and dark. The toenails are strong and black. The feet are well feathered with hair, including between the toes. Rear dewclaws must be removed. Front dewclaws may be removed.
Oval shaped (hare foot) with well closed and arched toes. Strong nails, curved and well pigmented. Tough pads of a dark colour.
Hind feet:
As the front with all the same characteristics.
On the whole, the hindquarters relate well to the size of the dog. Limbs straight, as much in profile as seen from behind.
Long, wide, well muscled upper thigh, good turn of stifle, fairly high set hocks. Straight when viewed from rear.
The upper thigh is long, wide and well muscled. The angle formed between the pelvis and the upper thigh is approximately 105 degrees. The lower thigh is as long as the upper, with strong bone and lean muscles. It slopes downward and backward, forming a moderate angle of about 135 degrees at the stifle. There is a well-defined furrow between the tendon and the bone above the hock. The distance from the point of hock to the ground is no less than 25 percent of the height at the withers. Viewed from behind, the rear pasterns should be vertical and parallel to one another. Viewed from the side, the rear pasterns are vertical and placed so that the hocks just slightly extend past a vertical line dropped from the point of buttock. The angle of the hock joint is about 140-145 degrees.
Long, wide, well muscled with a rear profile slightly convex. Its length exceeds about 30% of the height at the withers, and its width 75% of its length. The aperture of the coxal-femoral joint angle varies between 100 and 105 degrees.
Is on perfectly straight line with the limb, is not turned either in or out. The tibial-femoral angle is open and measures about 130 – 135 degrees.
Lower thigh:
Robust bone structure and lean muscle, the groove in the muscle is well marked. Length of leg is about 1/3 of the height at the withers. Inclination below the horizontal is about 55 degrees.
Lateral sides of the hock joint must be really wide. The distance from the point of the hock to the ground must not be less than 25% of the height at the withers. Aperture of the angle of the tarsal-tibial articulation varies between 140 and 145 degrees.
Rear pastern:
Its length is about 15% of the height at the withers if gauged independently; if measured from the point of the heel bone, its length is the same as that of the hock. Its direction must be vertical. Eventual dewclaws must be eliminated.
Step free and long; the trot, rather extended and well maintained, is the preferred gait. Because of its conformation, the dog can easily go into an ordinary gallop, gait which he is able to maintain for a relatively long time.
Free, long steps. Extended trot is desirable. Capable of maintaining free gallop.
Because a herding dog is required to be in constant motion while the flock is being driven, correct, efficient movement is essential. The natural and preferred gait for the Bergamasco is a free, extended, elastic trot with both front and rear feet remaining close to the ground. Pasterns are supple and flex freely. When moving, the dog's head moves forward so that the head is nearly even with the backline.
Tight to the body, must be fine all over, but especially on the ears and forequarters. Neck without dewlap and head without wrinkles. Colour of the mucous membranes and third eyelids must be black.
Very abundant, very long and different depending on the regions. The texture is harsh, (goat hair) particularly on the front of the body. From halfway of the chest towards the rear, and on all the limbs, the coat tends to form strands or is already in strands, depending on the subject's age; these strands must start from the topline of the back and fall on the sides of the body. On the head the hair is less harsh and covers the eyes. On the limbs, the coat must be evenly distributed everywhere in the shape of soft flocks falling towards the ground; forms a kind of pilaster on the front and strands on the hindquarters, this without fringes. The undercoat is so short and dense, it is not easy to see the skin. Must be greasy to the touch.
Abundant and long. Harsh texture on front of body, softer on head and limbs. Short, dense undercoat obscures skin. Tends to form into strands or loose mats from topline of body (not cords). Greasy to the touch.
The Bergamasco coat is made up of three types of hair: Undercoat, "goat hair," and outer coat. The undercoat is short, dense, and of fine texture. It is oily to the touch and forms a waterproof layer against the skin. The "goat hair" is long, straight, and rough in texture. The outer coat is woolly and somewhat finer in texture than the "goat hair." The "goat hair" and outer coat are not distributed evenly over the dog and it is this pattern of distribution that is responsible for the formation of the characteristic flocks. The coat from the withers down to the midpoint of the body is mostly "goat hair" which forms a smooth saddle in that region. On the back of the body and the legs, the woolly outer coat is abundant and mingles with the reduced quantity of "goat hair" in that region to form the flocks. The flocks are larger at the base than the end, flat, irregular in shape, and may sometimes open in a fan-shape. The hair on the legs also hangs in flocks rather than feathering. The flocks are never combed out. The hair on the head is mostly "goat hair" but is somewhat less rough in texture and hangs over the eyes.
Solid grey or with grey patches of all possible shades from a most delicate grey to a brighter shade of grey on to black; Isabel and light fawn shades are permitted. An all black coat is allowed providing the black is really opaque (zain). An all white coat is proscribed – White patches are tolerated as long as their surface is not more than a fifth of the total surface of the coat.
Solid grey, or with patches of all shades of grey through to black. White patches allowed providing no more than one fifth of coat. Black, Isabella and light fawn allowed.
Solid gray or with gray patches, all possible shades of gray (including shadings of isabella and fawn), up to and including solid black, provided it is not shiny or lustrous. Solid white is not allowed but white markings are acceptable if they cover no more than one-fifth of the coat.
Height: dogs: 58-62 cms (23-24½ ins); bitches: 54-58 cms (21-23 ins). Weight: dogs: 32-38 kgs (70-84 lbs); bitches: 26-32 kgs (56-70 lbs).
Males ideally stand 23½ inches, and females 22 inches, measured at the withers. One inch taller or shorter than the ideal is acceptable. Males weigh from between 70 and 84 pounds. Females weigh from between 57 and 71 pounds.
Height at withers:
The ideal height at the withers for males is 60 cm with a tolerance of 2 cm, either above or below. For the females 56 cm also with a tolerance of 2 cm more or less.
Males 32 – 38 kg.
Females 26 – 32 kg.
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
The same conditions apply to dogs with too small a head and those who amble permanently.
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog's ability to perform its traditional work.
Facial-cranial head planes convergent or divergent.
Accentuated and disfiguring prognathism.
Bilateral strabismus (squint).
Nose partially depigmented.
Size over or under the margins indicated by the standard.
Curled up tail.
Aggressive or overly shy.
Total depigmentation of nose.
Muzzle (foreface) definitely convex (roman nose) or concave.
Total bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids.
Wall-eyed (even one eye).
Jaws upper prognathism (undershot mouth).
Taillessness (anury) or stump tail (brachyury); carried rolled over the back.
Skin total depigmentation of the rims of the lips and of the eyes.
Coat colour white, more than 1/5 of the total surface.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
(An Eliminating Fault is a Fault serious enough that it eliminates the dog from obtaining any awards in a conformation event.) Height under 22½ inches and over 24½ inches in a male; under 21 inches and over 23 inches in a female.
Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid. Viciousness or extreme shyness. Bridge of muzzle decidedly convex or concave. Overshot or undershot bite that is accentuated or disfiguring. Dudley nose or nose partially depigmented. Total bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids. Bilateral cross-eyes. Wall eyes. No tail. Stump tail. Tail rolled over the back. White on more than one-fifth of the total area of the coat. Albinism.
Muzzle: Bridge of muzzle decidedly convex or concave.
Teeth: Overshot or undershot bite that is accentuated or disfiguring.
Nose: Dudley nose or nose partially depigmented.
Eyes: Total bilateral depigmentation of the eyelids; bilateral cross-eyes; wall eyes.
Tail: No tail. Stump tail. Tail rolled over the back.
Color: White on more than one-fifth of the total area of the coat; albinism.
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.


text: CHART BEAT 'Beyonce' Fastest-Selling Album Ever In iTunes Store: 828,773 In Three Days 12/16/2013 by Keith Caulfield FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Joshua Mellin Beyonce performs at the United Center in Chicago, IL, December 13, 2013 Beyoncé's new self-titled album has become the fastest-selling album ever worldwide in the iTunes Store, according to iTunes and Columbia Records, the singer's record label. Earlier: 'Beyonce' Shatters U.S. iTunes Record The label released the surprise album at 12 AM EST on the morning of Friday, Dec. 13, exclusively via iTunes. 'Beyoncé' Track-By-Track Review | 'Beyoncé': 20 Tweets From Musicians Columbia reports that the set sold 828,773 copies in its first three days, through the close of business on Sunday night, Dec. 15. Of that sum, 617,000 were sold through the U.S. iTunes Store, which -- as previously reported -- also set a record for the largest week ever for an album. Photos: Beyoncé Live in Chicago iTunes is the sole retailer for "Beyoncé" through Dec. 20. According to industry sources, a physical version of the album will start arriving to some U.S.-based brick-and-mortar retailers by Wednesday, Dec. 18. Most physical retailers will receive it by Friday, Dec. 20. Eight Other Unexpected Album Releases FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME


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Representative of Kuwait's parliament, Ali al-Dukbasi called on countries around the world to work jointly for tackling cybercrime and spread of false news on social media networking to ensure information security and contribute to the prevention of lawlessness with absolute faith in freedom of expression within the limits of human values.
For his part, member of the Qatari Shura Council, Youssef Al-Khater, supported the Kuwaiti MP's statement, highlighting the responsibility of the major companies to control spread of information in social networking platforms. Al-Khater pointed out that what is known as e-flies is threatening countries and their stability.
In the same context, the representative of the Omani Shura Council, Abdullah Al-Omari called for blocking the social networking websites which fail to comply with publishing rules or if the legislation fails to control their encroachment.


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Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation
A Novel Strategy for Soil-borne Disease Management: Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD)
This webinar presents information about a novel non-chemical approach to soil borne disease management, called anaerobic soil disinfestation. Presenters discuss data obtained from studies applying this technique to strawberry production in California and vegetable production in Florida. Presenters include Carol Shennan, UC Santa Cruz and David Butler, University of Tennessee, with help from Joji Muramoto, UC Santa Cruz, Maren Mochizuki, University of California Cooperative Extension, and Erin Rosskopf, USDA-ARS.
Click Here to watch this webinar
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation to Control Soil Borne Pathogens
This webinar briefly reviews the development and use of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) techniques for control of soil borne pathogens in various crops and regions around the world, and then focuses on the current state of knowledge and use of ASD in California primarily for strawberry production. They discuss the latest research findings relating to the efficacy of the technique, mechanisms underlying disease suppression, and our experience with growers using the technique in their own operations.
About the Presenters: Dr Carol Shennan is a professor in the Environmental Studies Department at the University of California Santa Cruz. She has been working on issues of agricultural sustainability for many years in the US and abroad, focusing most recently on crop rotation, soil fertility and disease management in organic strawberry and vegetable production systems in coastal California.
Dr. Joji Muramoto is an associate researcher at the Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz. He is a soil scientist/agroecologist specializing fertility and soilborne disease management in organic strawberries and vegetables in coastal California.
Click Here to watch this webinar


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Doctor's appointment today… He told me that myself and the baby are growing very nicely – woot. I did also talk to him about the pain in the right side of my rib cage and about the severe shortness of…Air. It's not technically shortness of breath; I associate that with heavy breathing and being winded. Mine just feels like I am not getting enough air and it is hard to breath. But, I knew that that was going to be happening soon because the baby is getting bigger and pushing up the diaphragm, yadda yadda. He told me that I have to monitor it and pay attention to whether or not the feeling of no air is happening when I am resting. That is my task for the nest two weeks – yay homework! 🙂 Not really, haha. So I just got back from a weekend in Chicago. I took my sister, my cousin and a friend to Great America, and it was quite fun. We were at Six Flags for seven and a half hours, and although the walking made me sore and tired, I had fun. It was a nice time. I was able to talk to my sister about some things while my cousin and friend were on the rollercoasters, so that was nice. It was just a nice girls weekend. And the pool was nice, too.
How Far Along? 30 weeks and 5 days.
Total weight gain: 11 pounds….TOTAL. I'm pretty excited about that. I gained 3 pounds since my visit two and a half weeks ago. That a change from 5 pounds in a month to three pounds in two weeks. Hmm. Someone is going to be packing on the pounds soon!
Cravings: Ice…And cold fresh things. The nice things about having to eat out for 4 days, I don't ever want to see junk food again. Ever. Ever.
Maternity clothes? Yes, for sure.
Sleep: I have found the perfect sleeping position. On Sunday night, my friend and I to Marquette (where my husband was also visiting his friend), and I missed him so I was just going to visit him at his friend's house, but he wanted me to stay the night with him over there. Can I just say how awesome that made me feel? I love it when he lets me know that he misses me – LOVE IT. Anyway, his friend has this perfectly cushy couch, and the ends electronically recline (they can recline to a mostly laying down position). I reclined it wo that my feet were up and my body was at a 150 degree angle (I just looked at angle images on Google to get the right angle – just so I could be accurate for you!) and it was marvelous. My ribs didn't hurt from laying on my sides, my back didn't hurt and I was actually able to sleep! We NEED one of those couches!
Best moment this week: Sadly, my husband wasn't there for this, but my friend, Johanna was. I was rubbing my stomach and feeling Maya. I ran my hand over one spot and it was especially hard and sticking up significantly more than any other part – it was a part of her body pushing against my stomach, it was awesome. Since then, I have felt her move into a position, and when I touch that spot, it is REALLY hard, and it's like she's sticking her back/butt out – cute!
Movement: Lots and lots and lots and lots. The past couple of days she has been moving constantly. It's sweet but it's also hard to handle when I'm feeling hungry…
Labor Signs: Nope, nope, nope.
Belly Button in or out? I don't think I'll ever have an outie, but the bottom of it now seems to be slanted up, so it might be trying to give me an outie. Maybe.
What I miss: Breathing easily and wearing bras that don't make me want to cry because of the pain in my ribs.
Weekly Wisdom: Even if it seems like a non issue, if you have a question about ANYTHING, or if anything hurts or you are worried about some of the symptoms, ask your doctor. He'll be honest with you and give you good and grounded advice.
What I am looking forward to: Our next ultrasound, in two weeks. I have been DYING to see her again!
Milestones: Still has to be the movement. Wow; doing this every two weeks might not generate too many different responses.
Enclosed is the weekly picture. Enjoy. Notice the difference in sides from picture to picture. And might I also add, WOWZA.


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apple wine
daily buzz
des moines
farmers market
grand opening
historic valley junction
local business
new business
sangria recipe
sangria saturday
valley junction
west des moines
white sangria
wine store
wine tasting
March 21, 2015
Welcome to our 1st Sangria Saturday!
Be sure to keep an eye out for future Sangria Saturdays.
Spring & Summer Tips for serving wine:
Keep your glass chilled with frozen berries or grapes rather than ice that will melt & dilute your drink.
Santa Maria Peach...
July 9, 2014
July 30, 2013
3 bags of pretzels
1 bottle Orville Redenbacher's Butter Flavor Popcorn Oil
2 envelopes of Hidden Valley dressing mix
1 T. Black pepper
1 T. Konriko Hot'n Spicy Jalapeño seasoning
1 1/2 teas. Cayenne pepper
Mix all ingredients together and bake at 200 degrees for 1 ho...
March 26, 2013
Our Tropical Break Away was a big hit. We have decided to have a Sangria Saturday once a month through the spring & summer. We will sample different sangria's each time and give you the recipe. Here are the recipes we sampled at our Tropical Break Away:
Blackberry & Pi...
January 28, 2013
We have been open a week. Response has been great. Thursday night's Farmer's Market was busy and fun. People are surprised by the number of vineyard in Iowa. We added a couple more this week, Penoach and Prairie Moon. Our Grand Opening celebration will be Sunday, Septe...
October 7, 2012
Summer has changed to fall. Temperatures are dropping, and wine drinkers are heading inside and looking for a glass to warm up with. Currently, we are carrying 18 vineyards to select a warming red or great white for a mulled wine. Penoach has an apple wine we will be...
September 1, 2012
After a whirlwind month, the store has come together nicely. I think my sister and I work better together now, than when we first went into business together. We're excitited to have you stop in and see our wonderful new space.
August 3, 2012
In just a couple more days the Sisters of the Heart FB page will be converted to Wines of Iowa. This will draw close that chapter of our lives.
Then Wines of Iowa will kick into high gear. Rae and I are in a frenzy ordering inventory, educating ourselves and tasting w...
June 11, 2012
Many may have heard by now. Unfortunately, Rae Ann and I have decided to close Sisters and Nellie's. We have enjoyed our time in Prairie City getting to know the people in the area. It has been nearly five years and the business just hasn't grown as we had hoped. We wi...
1st Sangria Saturday!
Daily Buzz Starring Wines of Iowa
Pretzel Recipe
Tropical Break Away
Things Happen Fast
Seasons Changing
The Transformation
A Chapter Closes, A Book Begins
Mixed Blessing
Many may have heard by now. Unfortunately, Rae Ann and I have decided to close Sisters and Nellie's. We have enjoyed our time in Prairie City getting...
Keep your...


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It has been a few years since there has been a new project embedding the Python interpreter into Verilog. There is a new one on the block, called "Cocotb" built with a definite focus on writing testbenches and running regressions. It is written in a modern dialect of Python and hosted on Git. It is well-documented. I'm impressed with what I've seen.
This article gives a little bit of a history of Python and Verilog and describes how Cocotb fits in.
A Brief History
ScriptEDA (2001) [http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/Alumni/pinhong/scriptEDA/,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/3492141/scriptEDA-pinhong] was primarily an example of using SWIG to link a Python interpreter into a Verilog simulator using PLI/VPI. ScriptEDA handled TCK, Perl and Python in roughly the same way.
The SWIG wrapper exposed the constants and functions of VPI as top-level objects in the Python namespace. The "main" program of the embedded Python interpreter was called once and was responsible for everything, including registering callbacks from Verilog.
main.py ================ def setup_my_function(user_data): argv = get_args() arg0 = argv.pop(0) get_value.format = vpiStringVal vpi_get_value(arg0, get_value) print "value:", get_value.value_str vpi_register_systf(vpiSysTask, 0, "$my_function", setup_my_function, 0, 0, "USER_DATA")
ScriptEDA was an experiment in embedding and an illustration of the power of SWIG. It provided a very low-level interface, and it did not present the simulator in a very Pythonic way.
One insurmountable limitation of this interface is that the Python code cannot easily keep track of multiple instances of calls to the embedded Python function. For example, if a module includes a call to a Python function, and that module is instantiated multiple times, the Python function will not know which instance is involved. Workarounds can be devised using tricks on "user_data", but it is not managable.
Scriptsim – by NelSim Software [http://www.nelsim.com/] Embeds Perl, Python and Tk into Verilog with a single PLI extension method called $scriptsim. Scriptsim considers the difference between instantiating a Python script and calling it.
instantiate ================ integer id; $scriptsim("my_prog.py", id, args, ...); use ================ $scriptsim(id, args ...);
Through the use of "id" management, multiple instances of scriptsim calls can be handled. Scriptsim abstracts the simulator into a simplified interface. It has been in use for a number of years and is well supported. Scriptsim will let you build Tk GUI interfaces directly into your simulation (which is cool).
Both of the preceding projects made it possible to implement functional models in Python, and to make use of the IO facilities of Python. Neither addressed how the Python functions interacted with the Verilog scheduler.
APVM/Oroboro (2004) were two related research projects of my own [http://tsheffler.com/site_media/software/apvm_025.pdf, http://tsheffler.com/site_media/software/oro_025.pdf]. APVM ("A Python VPI Module") embedded the Python interpreter into Verilog using VPI and exposed each instance of a PLI call as an instance of a Python class called a "Systf". In an object-oriented approach, by subclassing Systf and overriding default methods, a Python programmer could provide behaviors for the various phases of a PLI call's lifetime. These phases included:
- start-of-simulation
- inline callback
- scheduled callback
- save simulator state
- restore simulator state
There was a simple exploration of using Python to schedule callbacks to the Systf via the Verilog scheduler. Although functional, the way in which the callback mechanism and the scheduler interacted was not elegant.
Oroboro attempted to provide a cleaner representation of Verilog "tasks" in Python. Oroboro became an experiment in using Python Generators and the "Yield" statement to model the passage of simulator time. [Python Generators were proposed 2001 in PEP 255 and seemed to hit the mainstream in 2004.] The basic technique was the implementation a trampoline in Python that managed the callbacks from the Verilog scheduler and dispatched to the desired Python method. (The name "Oroboro" was a fanciful reference to the way the scheduler scheduled itself.) Oroboro essentially used the relatively new Python Generator construct as a semi-coroutine to simulate non-preemptive multitasking.
PyHVL [http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyhvl/] forked the APVM/Oroboro project and cleaned up the code. The authors have kept the project alive and updated it to work with evolving simulator linkage interfaces. (This last bit is really hard, actually.) It's current status is unclear.
Cocotb [https://github.com/potentialventures/cocotb] is a completely new project that embeds the Python interpreter into Verilog with a focus on writing testbenches in Python and running regressions. It uses completely modern Python with a judicious use of decorators to make writing tests simple. For programmers coming from Python or Ruby, unit tests written using Cocotb will look somewhat familiar. People familiar with Jenkins (an automated regression runner) will feel right at home.
Cocotb does not attempt to make Python look like a hardware description language (see MyHDL [http://www.myhdl.org]). Users will describe simulator tasks as "coroutines" and events as "triggers". By using Generators and the Yield statement, the driving and receiving of packets on buses is nicely abstracted into a Pythonic mindset.
Cocotb abstracts VPI/VHPI so it can be used with either Verilog or VHDL. Cocotb exposes the top-level module in the hardware design as a global namespace object called "dut" in Python. All interaction with the design is through the driving of packets on the pins of the DUT. There is no facility for embedding PLI calls within functional models of the Verilog code, however. These last two points differentiate it from the previously mentioned projects and further set it directly in the realm of testbench writing and further from the realm of writing of functional models in Python.
One of the most interesting things the author of Cocotb has done is shown how TCP packet definitions from a project called "Scapy" [http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy/] can be re-used in the context of hardware simulation. Scapy is a tool for manipulating an ethernet adapter connected to a computer. Here, Cocotb re-uses these packet definitions in the context of logic simulation. This is a fantastic example of code re-use across disparate environments and domains. Scapy is field-tested and mission-hardened. Being able to reuse its packet definitions is a big win.
The regression framework of Cocotb is well thought out. Modern logging concepts are incorporated with log-levels and filtering. Each test in a regression can succeed, fail or throw an exception. Regression reports are collected as XML output for formatting. Check it out: Cocotb looks very promising.


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Tart cherries and sweet peaches are no strangers to each other. They often grow in the same orchards and their complementary flavors mingle together all summer long in pies and cobblers and fruity cocktails, but I would never have thought to combine those two quintessential summer treats with the cheerful orange pumpkins that mark the beginning of autumn. And if by some rare stroke of genius I had, it certainly wouldn't have occurred to me that such unlikely companions might make a tasty chili. For that we can thank Gina Wittenberg, the American Spoon customer who dreamed up Cherry Peach Pumpkin Chili years ago. It has since become one of our most popular recipes, featuring the sweet heat of our bestselling Cherry Peach Salsa and the rich, autumnal complexity of our Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce.
We served Cherry Peach Pumpkin Chili at the Taste of Harbor Springs a few weeks ago, on a warm sunny day much more suited to sipping white wine than to cupping cold hands around steaming bowls of chili. Still, folks seemed pretty content to balance crisp wine in one hand and hefty chili in the other, happily bridging the stretch between summer and fall and occasionally sneaking back for seconds.
Just a few days after Taste of Harbor the weather turned cold and blustery and rainy, and it's been that way ever since. Cherry Peach Pumpkin Chili may be the only consolation. It's chili that warms you from the inside out, filled with hearty white beans and meaty ground turkey and a whole profusion of flavor. It's sweet and smoky with just a hint of heat — the perfect accompaniment to reddening leaves and flannel shirts and Sunday afternoon football games.
Cherry Peach Pumpkin Chili
courtesy of Gina Wittenberg
(serves 6-8)
printable recipe
2 Tbsp olive oil
1 onion, diced
1 clove garlic, minced
1 1/2 lbs ground turkey
2 (15 oz) cans Great Northern or cannellini beans, drained
1 Tbsp cumin
1 (28 oz) can stewed tomatoes
1 Tbsp chili powder
1 jar American Spoon® Cherry Peach Salsa
1 tsp salt
1/2 jar American Spoon® Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce
1/2 tsp cinnamon
4 oz green chilies, chopped
1/2 tsp unsweetened cocoa powder
1) Heat the olive oil in a medium sized stockpot. Add the onions and sauté over medium heat for about 5 minutes. Add garlic and continue to cook for an additional 2 minutes. Add the ground turkey and sauté until lightly browned.
2) Add remaining ingredients. Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer for 30 minutes.
3) Serve immediately.
Have a creative use for an American Spoon product that you'd like to share? Email the recipe to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Other recipes that feature Cherry Peach Salsa:
Cherry Peach Chicken
Other recipes that feature Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce:
Pork Tenderloin Medallions with Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce
Pumpkin Crusted Tuna
Ravioli with Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce
Roasted Vegetables with Pumpkin Chipotle Roasting Sauce
Roast Winter Vegetable Salad
Turkey and Rice Roulade