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An economically weak China could be more dangerous than a strong one
December 8, 2011
By Gordon G. Chang Saturday, December 3, 2011 After 35 years of virtually uninterrupted growth, the Chinese economy has reached an inflection point. September may have been the peak. Since then, the signs of contraction are unmistakable: falling car sales, declining electricity consumption, plunging industrial output, collapsing property prices, you name it. There were large transfers of money out of the country in October. The deterioration has been as rapid as it was unexpected. In short, the wheels are coming off the Chinese economy. Most everyone until now has assumed that the 21st century belongs to Beijing because it would end up with the world's largest economy. The International Monetary Fund, for instance, predicts China will surpass the United States in just five years. Analysts love to extrapolate when they think about China, yet the disturbing signals coming out of the country in the last few months suggest that the last thing we should be doing is making straight-line projections. For one thing, the country's growth model has just about reached the limits of its effectiveness. This means economic problems will only get worse until political leaders fundamentally restructure the economy. However, it is unlikely that this restructuring can occur anytime soon. The Communist Party is entering into a once-in-a-decade political transition that will take years to complete, which means no one will have the clout to make tough decisions to change the country's now-exhausted model. These economic problems have far-reaching geopolitical consequences because, after the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, the legitimacy of the party has rested primarily on the continual delivery of prosperity. And since that horrible event, the political system has continually lost effectiveness. There are many reasons for the noticeable erosion of the regime, but two stand out. First, there is a general feeling, evident throughout the country, that a one-party system is no longer appropriate for China's advancing society. As political observers have said since the time of de Tocqueville, modernization is the inevitable and unstoppable enemy of autocrats. Second, the Communist Party has lost support due to its failure of leadership. Senior officials have colluded among themselves so that they could personally profit from their positions. As a result, reform has generally failed and corruption has gone essentially unchecked, therefore becoming an explosive issue among citizens. Because so many officials are pocketing so much money, there are now powerful forces against change in the Chinese capital and throughout the provinces. In these circumstances, blatant venality has created deep pessimism inside China about the durability of the regime. Leaders are maintaining power primarily through coercion, as the multi-year crackdown throughout the country shows. So it should come as no surprise that, as the Chinese economy falters, Beijing leaders have evidently become anxious about their legitimacy. If they cannot deliver prosperity, leaders know they must raise the flag of nationalism even higher to keep themselves in power. It is no coincidence that Jiang Zemin, the now-retired supremo, began to vilify the Japanese in the late 1990s, just when the Chinese economy stumbled toward recession. Now his successor, current leader Hu Jintao, is doing the same, but this time with far more vehemence. Hu is evidently scared. Protests — "mass incidents" in Communist lingo — have been skyrocketing, especially during the last couple years, going from around 127,000 in 2008 to perhaps as many as 280,000 in 2010. Moreover, these incidents are becoming more violent, with some becoming riots and insurrections. These days, civilian leaders are increasingly reliant on the People's Liberation Army and the semi-military People's Armed Police to maintain order and keep themselves in power. Due to the erosion of the authority of civilian party leaders, the Chinese regime is changing, with the military gaining power — one of the most dangerous trends in the world today. China's flag officers, like the Japanese militarists of the 1930s, are thinking about what they can do, not what they should do. They are arrogant, bellicose and spoiling for a fight. And they are now running their own foreign policy. In the past, Beijing maintained an essentially benign foreign policy. Optimists argued that China had actually turned away from Maoist hostility and was seeking to integrate itself into the international system. In 2009, however, the country's leaders adopted a markedly more assertive posture, taking the lead in sabotaging climate talks, vigorously pursing expansive claims in the South China and East China seas, challenging the United States at almost every turn. For instance, Chinese boats and planes harassed American vessels in international waters in March 2009, even attempting to steal a towed sonar array from an unarmed reconnaissance ship. That attempt actually constituted an act of war. The general explanation for the belligerent tone was that Chinese leaders thought no other nation could stop them. Now, with the Chinese miracle beginning to come apart, it's possible that the country's leaders might turn inward to solve intractable economic problems, as they did after Mao Zedong died in 1976. Yet the Communist Party took that sensible posture because it had the strong, wily, pragmatic Deng Xiaoping at the helm. Today, however, it has weak leaders — and to them, lashing out looks like the only course they can take. Because of its insecure authoritarian system, a weak China can be just as dangerous as — even more dangerous than — a strong one. The international community has to be concerned about what happens next.
World Tibet News
May 17, 2019
Chinese authorities in Tibetan Prefecture in Qinghai to drastically cut Tibetan language education
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China has been running global influence campaigns for years
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2018 Annual Report on Human Rights in Tibet
May 2, 2019
Setting up astroturf "Tibetan Associations" in the West is China's latest ploy to mislead the world on Tibet
Three Tibetans Are Detained For Calling For Panchen Lama's Release
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Report: Religious freedom conditions worsening in China
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China is attempting a large-scale rewriting of history
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I recently posted about how I've been looking at and acquiring hats. I purchased a couple on ebay last week. This one:
came in the mail a couple of days ago. It was unceremoniously shoved into an undersized USPS box and delivered to me at work. The brim was a little misshapen and the top of the crown was popped in. The crown easily popped back into shape. I tried it on, and my adjacent coworker said, "Well hello, Jeb." Not to be discouraged, I took the hat home and decided to try my hand at reshaping the brim. The way I looked at it, it was already screwed up and if I screwed it up worse, I could then take it to a professional.
Last night, I put the tea kettle on the stove and worked up some steam. I carefully steamed the brim, a little at a time, and sculpted the kinks out of the brim and then reshaped it more to my own style.
I'm not sure what's up with the face I'm making there. It kind of looks like I'm about to sneeze. As for the hat brim – not bad for an amateur attempt! Still, there's something about it that doesn't look quite right. I wore it to work today, and a different coworker caught me in the shop and declared, "Your other hat looks better on you." You've got to love people that have no filter! I'm not really sure what to think at this point. I've gotten nothing but compliments on my wool hat, but I've gotten very mixed reactions on this one. I kind of wonder if the crown is a little too wide to look right on me. One of the challenges of having a head sized like mine atop my five-and-a-half-foot stature is that a subtle hat shaping issue could tend to make my head look really big. So, please tell me what you think.

subset: commoncrawl


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Bentgate.com is an online specialty retailer that provides premium products for outdoor activities such as climbing, mountaineering, skiing, trail running, backpacking and more. Discover the world, shop and save 20% OFF or more with Bentgate Coupon, Coupon Code!
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Yesterday it was 84, today we made it to 90. I'll take it. My cousin in Minneapolis let me know it is 15 and snowy cold with -15 expected. Anyone care to guess why I stay in So Cal? I like the idea of spring in early February, not when the calender says it should happen, and certainly not May like it is in the snow belt states. I like this way much better.
I am just about done with all my winter gardening chores. After some 5 weeks of steady cold (this past January was the coldest in 30 years here) with a lot of rain storms it finally got warm again. Some of the early spring bloomers have popped up and are making their first show of things to come towards the end of March. Paper Whites are blooming, some Geraniums followed suit. The bougainvillea on the fence are all back in full color. The first blossoms on the lemon tree are showing up. (Never mind I have over 200 lemons just ripening for harvest in the next few weeks).
Enjoy the stroll through my garden. More to come as we make the final sprint to full fledged spring and everything is in its first flush of color.


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Mimms seizes fundraising lead in Paterson council race
PATERSON — Former school board member Lilisa Mimms has taken a sizable lead in campaign fundraising in the 14-person contest for three City Council seats.
Mimms has raised $44,092, or three times more than her nearest rival in an election with three citywide, at-large seats up for grabs, according to preliminary reports filed recently with the New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission.
So far, Mimms' nearest competitors in terms of fundraising are Maritza Davila, the lone incumbent in the election, who raised $13,575, and school Trustee Flavio Rivero, with $13,558, the campaign finance reports show. Davila and Rivera are running as a team and have campaign signs that bear both their photos and names.
Three former members of the City Council — men who all lost their bids for re-election in recent years — rank next in terms of campaign war chests. Aslon Goow Sr. has raised $12,500, Mohammed Akhtaruzzam $12,461 and Kennneth McDaniel $8,150, the reports show.
None of the other contenders has reported raising more than $5,100, the threshold under state law at which candidates must file document detailing their campaign contributions and spending.
"It's important that I started early," Mimms said of her fundraising lead. "I've been campaigning for a long time. I believe people are supporting me because I'm the candidate they believe can move the city forward."
NEWS:Body found near Kennedy High School in Paterson
CRASH:Man pulled from car on fire by police after he crashed into 12 cars
Davila attributed Mimms' fundraising success to her alliance with mayoral candidate Andre Sayegh, whose $171,000 war chest is the largest so far among the six men vying for the city's top position. Davila also said her own campaign is getting help from numerous volunteers, which she said negated her need for a big fundraising operation.
"What you need is the support of the people," Davila said.
Rivera, who works as the Passaic County government treasurer, said fundraising plays a bigger role for people like himself who have demanding full-time jobs.
"I don't have the luxury of being able to spend all day on the campaign trail," Rivera said. "That's where the money comes in. It helps you get your message out."
Akhtaruzzam is running in alliance with mayoral candidate Pedro Rodriguez and council contender Juan Mitch Santiago and the three of them are sharing some campaign signs.
"I have enough money for my campaign," said Akhtaruzzam, who was on the council from 2012 to 2016, "and I'll have more coming in."
Goow, who served 12 years on the council before being beaten by Akhatruzzam in the 2nd Ward race six years ago, has raised as much as $60,000 in previous elections.
"This time it's different for me, I'm running a different type of campaign," Goow said. "I don't need as much money."
Goow said he has cut back on his overhead costs by not taking such steps as renting a campaign headquarters. Goow said he has not held any fundraisers, but has received contributions from backers without events.
McDaniel, who was on the council from 2012 to 2014, said "money is always a concern" in an election.
"The more money you have, the more you'll be able to do, the more elaborate your campaign will be," said McDaniel.
The eight remaining candidates say their campaign fund will not exceed the state's $5,100 reporting threshold. They are Fatima Bell, Bernard Jones, Douglas Maven, Casey Melvin, Angela Muhammad, Davon Roberts, Santiago and Zellie Thomas.
The first wave of campaign finance reports were due 29 days before the May 8 election. The state's deadline for the 11-day pre-election reports was April 27 and ELEC said it will make those documents available for public review on Friday.


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PROJECT MUKTI – Ensuring empowerment and safety of urban slum women in Bangladesh
Parul, a 20 year old living in a gutter, works 8 hours a day, shops on her way home and then helps her mother with household chores. During period, she avoids work and often complains about pain. Her mother taught her to use torn clothes and she has


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Contract manufacturing organisation (CMO) and aseptic fill and finish services expert, Rentschler Fill Solutions, has announced its collaboration with Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical for the production of the drug product of the injectable Mepsevii (vestronidase alfa).
Mepsevii is a recombinant form of the human enzyme beta-glucuronidase and is used in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, a rare genetic disorder. It was developed by US-based Ultragenyx in close collaboration with the biopharmaceutical CDMO Rentschler Biopharma in Laupheim, Germany, and was approved by the US FDA in November 2017. European marketing approval has been applied for by Ultragenyx but this is currently under review.
"Identifying a reliable and proactive drug product CMO partner for Mepsevii was critical for Ultragenyx," said Dennis Huang, chief technical operations officer for Ultragenyx. "Mepsevii is our first commercial product and treats an ultra-rare disease. Rentschler Fill Solutions understood our specific needs and shared our vision of serving patients with MPS VII who previously had an important unmet medical need. We look forward to working with Rentschler Fill Solutions and Rentschler Biopharma to smoothly transition the fill and finish activities."
"We are delighted to be working with Ultragenyx at our facility in Austria, the cutting-edge center of excellence for fill and finish solutions. The US is a key market for us and we are pleased that this collaboration provides the opportunity for us to demonstrate our facility's US FDA compliance," revealed Reinhold Elsaesser, one of the two managing directors of Rentschler Fill Solutions. "We will be closely collaborating with our partner Rentschler Biopharma throughout the project, from drug substance delivery to regulatory affairs and drug product supply. Our processes are aligned to ultimately deliver a high-quality product for our joint client Ultragenyx."
"For many years, Rentschler Biopharma has been a trusted partner of Ultragenyx in the development of Mepsevii," explained Dr Frank Mathias, CEO of Rentschler Biopharma. "We welcome their decision to continue and broaden our joint success story together with Rentschler Fill Solutions. This project reaffirms our strategic partnership with Rentschler Fill Solutions, announced a year ago, as we are able to meet our clients' needs not only as a solution provider for clinical trials but also for market supply in growing international markets."


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Date: 03/11/2015
Time: 7:00 pm
Location: Littlefield (635 Sackett St., Brooklyn)Price: $20 in advance
Hosted by Jon Glaser, Jon Benjamin, Wyatt Cenac, Eugene Mirman, Mike O'Brien, Michael CheSee more cheap New York City events & things to do on Nifty NYC.
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Empty 20ft Container Lifting Sling Kit
Brand: Linx-8
Quick Overview:
- For lifting empty 20ft ISO shipping containers
- WLL: 6.7Tonne
- Grade 8 Chain and fittings, complete with certificate
- Four legs of chain suspended from a masterlink and terminated with sling hooks and safety catches
- Effective working length (bearing point to bearing point): 6m
- Complies with BS EN 818-4
- Fitted with metal I.D. tag, individual serial number and supplied with a certificate of conformity
Chain slings are commonly used for lifting items for four points, hence they make great tools for lifting unloaded and empty ISO shipping containers. Our Empty 20ft Container Lifting Sling Kit provides a four-legged grade 8 chain sling at 6m in length fitted with hooks. Ideally connected using Canlok CLT Top Container Lifting Lugs
Standard 20ft ISO Shipping Containers usually have a dry weight of around 2,300kg (5,071.5lbs) meaning that this sling will provide plenty of capacity to perform the task of lifting an unloaded and empty dry 20ft container.
NB. This kit should never be used to lift a loaded container and should never be used to lift any item weighing above the WLL of the chains regardless.
What's Included?
- 1 x Grade 8 Chain Sling (4 Leg) terminated in sling hooks with safety catches
- For lifting empty 20ft ISO shipping containers from a single point hook or crane
- Quality Grade 8 10mm Chain and Fittings
- 6m overall length (6m each leg from masterlink to hook)
- Working Load Limit of 6.7Tonnes at 0-45 degrees, de-rated to 4.75Tonnes at 45-60 degrees
- Includes certificate of conformity


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Taipei, Taiwan, December 27, 2017
PharmaEngine's (TWO: 4162) announced that its partner, Nanobiotix (Euronext: NANO), has been granted an Investigational New Drug(IND) approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for PEP503 (NBTXR3) activated by radiotherapy, and administered in combination with an anti-PD1 antibody (nivolumab or pembrolizumab).
For further information view Nanobiotix's press release:
NBTXR3, the lead project of the NanoXray pipeline of Nanobiotix, is a nanoparticle formulation of hafnium oxide crystals for the local treatment of tumors to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. In August 2012, PharmaEngine licensed the development and commercialization rights of NBTXR3 in the Asia-Pacific region from Nanobiotix.In 2014, Nanobiotix presented the pilot study results for NBTXR3 in patients with soft tissue sarcomas at ASCO, which showed a good safety profile and positive signs of efficacy. Then the preliminary pilot studyresults in head and neck cancerpatients (without receiving chemotherapy) and liver cancer patients presented at ASCO 2017and ASCO GI 2018,respectively, also showedpromisingsigns of anti-tumoreffect.
There are other indications being developed for NBTXR3 by Nanobiotix and PharmaEngine. These includehead and neck cancer in patients receiving chemotherapy (Phase I/II, PharmaEngine), rectal cancer (Phase I/II, PharmaEngine), liver cancer (Phase I/II, Nanobiotix)andprostate cancer (Phase I/II, Nanobiotix). NBTXR3 has been classified as a class III medical device in many European and certain Asian countries. Learn more.
PharmaEngine, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan with a wholly owned subsidiary, PharmaEngine Europe Sarl in Paris, France. PharmaEngine focuses on the development of new medications for the treatment of cancer and Asian prevalent diseases. PharmaEngine has three ongoing projects: ONIVYDE® has received regulatory approvals in 37 countries; PEP503 (NBTXR3) is in a global pivotal trial of soft tissue sarcoma, and patient recruitment has been completed; and PEP06 is in preclinical development. Get to know more here.
Chihsing Chang, Vice President, Finance and Administration
P +886 2 2515 8228, ext. 700
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text: Uncategorized Perfection is Overrated! 01/08/201901/08/2019 Melody 0 Comments acceptance, perfection is fake, perfection is overrated, self acceptance, self love, youtube self acceptance Feel like your work is not good enough? Think that your work just needs more work no matter what changes you make? STOP and listen to this video!


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Orthodontic Applications of Biomaterials: A Clinical Guide
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Islanders sometimes ask- why did you move here from Ontario?
"We retired"- we say and add, "but the number one reason is the weather".
Now to be sure, The Cowichan is not tropical.
Yes we have palms and bananas and lots of green in January and February but-
It's not Hawaii and it's certainly not south Florida.
It is a Mediterranean climate- not unlike London and area in England, giving this area of Vancouver Island and south to Victoria- British Columbia's capital, the best we have in all of Canada.
There is snow at times on the island especially up island in the Courtney/Comax area on a mountain called Mount Washington. There can be snow a bit further north in Campbell River too.
Flakes can fall in the Nanaimo area and sometimes in Ladysmith about 25 minutes north of us but rarely here and if it does, it's gone as quickly as it came.
A picture is worth a thousand words...
I do not miss this scene one bit. In fact it looks a bit surreal.
25 to 30 cms and more snow fell in many parts of the east- and cold?
Fuck yes!
-25 to -30c temperatures and lower!
A friend in Ottawa texted me that she had to go out of the house Sunday to do some grocery shopping.
She didn't want to go. I wish I could have held her hand and told her she'd be fine. Cold but fine as long as her car started and she could find a parking space with all the snowbanks about.
Ottawa was the coldest capital city in the whole, wide world on Saturday and Sunday wasn't much better.
Take heart.
January is almost through.
I hated it when someone said that to me back in Orillia, Ontario.
Here on the Island, this was my Sunday January 20th on top of HighRock Park summit in Esquimalt not far from the Pacific Fleet Naval Base in Victoria. My face is lit by the 4 pm sun.
|Pacific & Mountains behind me (Jan 20, 2019)
Pacific Fleet Naval Base just out of photo top right
|January Sun setting from atop High Rock in Esquimalt
There simply isn't and many of you would never give up the East what with work, families and homes. I am not suggesting all of you do but what I am saying- if you are ready in your life for a change, a great change, this might be the place.
If you are flush with funds, the idea of living six months of the year in Ontario, New Brunswick or Nova Scotia and then six months in Trumpland might just be the ticket. For us it wasn't a consideration. The insanity that is America these days is just not worth it and this move west has been well received both by us and the new people we have met- many of them Ontarians.
Many Islanders want to keep this climate and this "place" a secret and wouldn't appreciate me telling you all this but look- you won't hear about it on TV or in the newspapers.
Did you read one story over the weekend about how nice it is here with 8 or 9 degrees, green grass, ocean and no ice and snow on the roads?
I'll bet you didn't because the only thing that makes weather news this time of year across CANADA is how fucking cold it is and how it just keeps snowing and snowing and snowing.
We have tulips and daffy's pushing through the earth. Snowdrops are out and today I saw many rhododendrons in bloom already and Heather- purple and white, in huge, colourful, flowering bunches. We are just a few weeks away from cherry blossoms.
So, keep this stuff just between you and me and don't think about moving here when you're in the middle of an Ontario or Quebec June or July because you won't and the reality of winter- like the photo further up this page, will be a distant memory.


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A paraganglioma is a rare tumor that begins in certain nerve cells that are dispersed throughout the body. This tumor can affect people of any age but most often shows up between the ages of 30 and 50. The tumor is often slow growing and noncancerous (benign). But it can invade nearby parts of the body, become cancerous (malignant) and spread distantly (metastasize).
With about half of paraganglioma tumors, the abnormal cells produce hormones known as catecholamines or adrenaline, which is the fight-or-flight hormone. This may induce high blood pressure, a rapid heartbeat, flushed skin, sweating, headache and tremors.
Surgery to remove the tumor is usually the first treatment choice for a paraganglioma, if feasible. If left untreated, a paraganglioma can result in severe or life-threatening damage and progress to the point where surgical treatment isn't an option. In people with cancerous and distantly spread (metastatic) paraganglioma, medicine and other treatments can help control the disease and symptoms and even extend survival.
If your primary doctor thinks you may have a paraganglioma, he or she may refer you to an expert in cancer (medical oncologist), an expert in conditions of the endocrine system (endocrinologist) or a surgeon.
You may need a number of tests:
Note that examining tumor tissue under a microscope cannot with certainty determine whether a tumor is cancerous.
People with paragangliomas need care by an experienced, multidisciplinary team. Ask your doctor if he or she regularly treats people with this condition, as most doctors rarely (if ever) encounter paragangliomas and are unfamiliar with the best approaches to diagnosing and treating this rare tumor. Under such conditions, it's important to seek a second opinion from a team that specializes in the care of people with rare neuroendocrine tumors such as paragangliomas.
Treatment of a paraganglioma depends on where the abnormal growth is located and whether it is cancerous. A paraganglioma is considered cancerous (malignant) if it spreads to other parts of the body (metastasizes). This is a rare occurrence in paragangliomas.
Cells from a cancerous (malignant) paraganglioma can migrate to lymph nodes, bone, liver, lungs or elsewhere. In people with this type of paraganglioma, it's critical to treat any elevated hormone levels and other signs and symptoms.
Treatment options include:
Surgery. Surgery to remove the tumor is generally the first choice for treatment, if feasible. Even if the tumor has spread, surgery is often used to reduce its size.
If paraganglioma tissue that produces hormones is disturbed, as happens during surgery, hormones in the tumor can be released and cause serious problems, such as elevated blood pressure and pulse. To prevent that, your doctor will have you prepare for surgery by taking medication to block the hormone's effects for 7 to 14 days before surgery. You may also be asked to record your blood pressure multiple times a day, to follow a high-sodium diet and to report your blood pressure results to your medical team.
Paraganglioma surgery is done under general anesthesia. It's important that specialized surgeons and anesthesiologists be involved. You'll likely need to stay in the hospital for several days after surgery. Even after successful removal of the tumor during surgery, tumors may recur. So you'll need to visit your doctor regularly for follow-up appointments.
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DJ Eclipse
Rap Is Outta Control
3/10/19 Playlist
Sirius XM
Hip Hop Nation (Ch. 44)
Sunday Nights @ 10pm-12am (EST)
"Rap Is Outta Control" 3/10/19 Playlist (w/Justo the MC, maticulous and ILL Conscious)
1. Justo the MC & maticulous "Stereo Type" (prod. by maticulous)
2. Apathy "Tape Money" (prod. by Apathy)
3. Pounds "Equifax" (prod. by VIS)
4. ILL Conscious x Code Nine "The Coronation" (prod. by Eyeree)
5. Bub Styles X Nems "Fat Farm" (prod. by Ace Fayce)
6. Napoleon Da Legend "Love Like This" (prod. by Sproxx)
7. Billy Danze "I Make You Famous" (prod. by Joey Mafia)
8. Rome Streetz x Futurewave feat. Daniel Son "Acid Tab" (prod. by Futurewave)
9. Tha Soloist x Brutal Caesar x B-Sun "E" (prod. by Brutal Caesar)
10. Sean Price & Small Professor "Word To Mother" (prod. by Small Professor, cuts by DJ Revolution)
11. SageInfinite x Ro Data feat. JuneLyfe "Water" (prod. by Ro Data)
12. Smif N Wessun "The A.L.L." (prod. by 9th Wonder)
13. Justo the MC & maticulous feat. Rasheed Chappell "Kick Knowledge" (prod. by maticulous, cuts by DJ Eclipse)
14. Tha God Fahim "Dawgs N Bullets" (prod. by Eyeree)
15. BigBob feat. Psycho Les & Sadat X "Two Strains" (prod. by BigBob, cuts by LDontheCut)
16. Justo the MC & maticulous "City Limits" (prod. by maticulous)
17. Ali Vegas, Big Twins & Tragedy Khadafi "Comin' From Queens" (DJ Supa Dave Remix)
18. MichaelAngelo feat. Rigz "Leaps" (prod. by MichaelAngelo)
19. Smoovth "Dirk Diggler" (prod. by Manu Beats)
20. Tha Soloist "'94 Madden" (prod. by a Dusty Cinema & Master Aim)
21. Napoleon Da Legend "Emperor's Coming" (prod. by Sproxx)
22. ILL Conscious "Heavyweight Rhyme Writers" (prod. by Street Wyze)
23. Don Streat feat. Revalation (of EMS) "Slam The Door" (prod. by The SOULution)
24. Agallah "Dreamscape" (prod. by Agallah)
25. Recognize Ali & C-Lance "God Of Doom" (prod. by C-Lance, cuts by Tone Spliff)
26. Smif N Wessun "Let It Go" (prod. by 9th Wonder)
27. ILL Conscious feat. J Scienide "295" (prod. by Mika Dough, cuts by DJ TMB)
28. Justo the MC & ILL Conscious Live Freestyle!
29. D.V. Alias Khryst "XCVII (Remix)" (prod. by Kelz With Tha Heat)


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Decolonizing Theology in Revolution
A Critical Retrieval of Sergio Arce´s Theological Thought
Authors: Fernández-Albán, AryFree Preview
- Provides a critical retrieval of Sergio Arce's theological legacy
- Puts Arce in conversation with other key Latin American liberation theologians
- Examines significant contributions as well as key limitations of Arce's theological insights
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- About this book
Drawing on decolonial perspective, this book provides a critical retrieval of Sergio Arce's theological thought, and proposes it as a source of inspiration to continue renewing liberation theologies in Cuba and in Latin America. In light of current social contexts in Cuba and abroad, this volume examines the relevance of Arce's theological legacy, identifying significant contributions and also key limitations. It presents a panoramic view of the historical contexts previous to Arce's articulation of his theology, and also reconstructs the various stages of the development of his theology by reviewing his major writings from the early 1960s to the late 1990s. Bringing Arce into a conversation with other recognized Latin American liberation theologians, this book delivers a reconstruction of his major theological insights related to discourses and practices of liberation, highlighting important similarities and differences between their approaches.
- About the authors
Ary Fernández-Albán is Professor of Theology at Seminario Evangélico de Teología, in Matanzas, Cuba. He is also an ordained minister of the Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba.
- Reviews
"Emerging from the tumultuous context of the Cuban revolution, this book insightfully attests to the development of a vibrant—properly called—Cuban theological school. The author breaks stereotypical perceptions of Cuba as a closed border, and masterfully presents Sergio Arce's refreshing theological outlook crafted during the times of the Cuban revolution. In close conversation with key Latin America liberation theologians and drawing on decolonial thinking, this book reimagines new avenues for continuing Arce's theological revolution." (Néstor Medina, PhD, Senior Editor of the Journal Perspectivas, Visiting Scholar at Emmanuel College Centre for Religion in Its Context. Mestizaje: (Re)Mapping Race, Culture, and Faith in Latina/o Catholicism. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2009. Christianity, Empire, and the Spirit:(Re)Configuring Faith and the Cultural. Leiden: Brill, 2018)
"Fernández-Albán situates Sergio Arce-Martínez's theology in the context of Latin American theological production during the last decades of the twentieth century. The author stresses the important theoretical contributions of Arce-Martínez's writings and their hermeneutical dialectics with the Cuban socialist revolution. He also attempts to suggest new conceptual and theological perspectives. Decolonial theory and discourse is here expounded as the most adequate epistemic standpoint to deal conceptually with the complex networks of social, cultural, political and economic dominations and exclusions." (Luis N. Rivera-Pagán, Henry Winters Luce Professor in Ecumenics Emeritus, Princeton Theological Seminary, A Violent Evangelism: The Political and Religious Conquest of the Americas (1992), Essays from the Margins (2014))
"Fernández-Albán's constructive engagement with mid-twentieth century Cuban theologian, Sergio Arce, is a constructive and important addition to emerging decolonial theological resources from the western hemisphere and the Caribbean in particular. This is a significant resource for engaging Arce's contextual theology—particularly, its critical analysis of political and economic forces which will inform current critiques of neoliberal economic influences in practical and pastoral theology. Fernández-Albán's careful attention to Arce's original and formative voice significantly advances wider access to important, early decolonial contributions. I highly recommend Decolonizing Theology in Revolution." (Nancy J. Ramsay, Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pastoral Care, Brite Divinity School, Fort Worth, TX, USA)
"An insightful, challenging, and inspiring study of Latin American liberation theology in practice over half a century — rooted in the specific historical context of revolutionary Cuba, addressing particular social evils and hope-filled possibilities, buffeted by changing cultural, political, economic and ecclesial contexts, learning from experience and dialogue with newer social movements and new generation of decolonial social theory, now at another historical crossroads domestically and globally confronting new challenges to conversion in thinking about despair and hope, religion and politics." (Lee Cormie, retired Professor of Theology, University of St. Michael College, Toronto, Ontario)
- Table of contents (7 chapters)
Pages 1-11
Situating the Debates Between Worlds: Concerning the Socioeconomic, Political, and Ecclesial Contexts of Pre-revolutionary Cuba and the First Years of the Revolution
Pages 13-42
Sergio Arce's Theology in Revolution: Main Influences and Stages of Development
Pages 43-79
Theology in Revolution: A Revolution in Theology
Pages 81-118
Cuba and the Global Context Since the 1990s: New Challenges, Voices, and Theoretical Developments
Pages 119-150
Table of contents (7 chapters)
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Bibliographic Information
- Bibliographic Information
- Book Title
- Decolonizing Theology in Revolution
- Book Subtitle
- A Critical Retrieval of Sergio Arce´s Theological Thought
- Authors
- Ary Fernández-Albán
- Series Title
- New Approaches to Religion and Power
- Copyright
- 2018
- Publisher
- Palgrave Macmillan
- Copyright Holder
- The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
- eBook ISBN
- 978-3-030-02342-3
- 10.1007/978-3-030-02342-3
- Hardcover ISBN
- 978-3-030-02341-6
- Edition Number
- 1
- Number of Pages
- Topics
*immediately available upon purchase as print book shipments may be delayed due to the COVID-19 crisis. ebook access is temporary and does not include ownership of the ebook. Only valid for books with an ebook version. Springer Reference Works and instructor copies are not included.


text:
HUGOTON � The only given in Friday�s early-season Great West Activities Conference showdown between Hugoton and Scott City was that one team was going to lose its first game of the season.
The host Eagles came in as the fourth-ranked team in Class 4A-II. The Beavers were the fourth-ranked squad in Class 3A.
In the end, it was the Beavers prevailing in a 59-54 win that had both coaches happy it�s the holiday break.
Scott City overcame a sluggish first quarter and passed that along to Hugoton in the third quarter.
Hugoton jumped to a 7-0 lead in the first three minutes, but the Beavers cut that to 15-14 at the break.
Five lead changes in the second and Hugoton led just 31-29 at halftime, and then the Eagles went cold.
After shooting 14 of 26 from the field in the first half, they hit just two in the third, once at 7:42 and another at 2:40.
Meanwhile, the Beavers took a 4-point lead into the fourth quarter, where it became more of a trip to the free throw line. Scott City shot 22 of them and kept the Eagles at bay to get the win.
Trey O�Neil led the Beavers with 26 points but he was just 6-of-12 from the charity stripe.
Chantz Yager had 16, including a trio of threes.
On the other side, Kellen Watkins had 15 for Hugoton but was shut out in the third. Zack Leininger had 14, with eight of those in the first quarter.
Free throws would have made this an easier game to coach, Glenn O�Neil said.
�It�s good to miss them now and still survive,� he said.
The first quarter is just like the other three games this season, he said, where the Beavers started out slow and worked their way back into the game.
�We didn�t panic (tonight) because it�s happened,� he said. �We know there�s always a chance if we play some defense and rebound and come down and work. That�s the only good thing about it, I guess.�
Leininger, Watkins and Kinser accounted for all 15 of Hugoton�s first-quarter points, taking advantage of the Eagles definite size advantage inside.
More of that in the second half would have been nice, Hugoton coach Craig Szymczak said.
�We just kind of seemed to stand a little bit, and in the fourth quarter we got out of our rhythm,� he said. �Obviously Scott City is the team to beat in our league. We didn�t play scared against them. We had a big advantage down low and kind of got out of that in the third quarter.�
The first half was about as good as Hugoton has played, Szymczak said.
�We were having a bit of an inside-out game, getting the ball down low the first half. The first half we out-rebounded them 17-9 so we were getting on the boards,� he said.
But when Scott City came out of their man defense, it seemed to throw off his team matchup-wise.
�We had some confidence going and kind of hit a lull that third quarter,� he said, forcing them to foul more.
As the Eagles clawed their way back, the Beaver free throws, though sporadic, kept them in control.
Control is what the third quarter was all about as Scott City forced five turnovers and grabbed the boards when they needed stops.
Bo Hess got a block to stop one drive and the defense forced a bad pass on an inbounds play under the basket that turned into an O�Neil field goal to end the quarter.
Yager had the hot hand in the final quarter, hitting jump shots from the top of the key off screens as his teammates worked the ball inside and kicked it back out, just the way it was designed.
�I thought we got better on defense,� coach O�Neil said. �They got talking a lot more and got some deflections. But it was pretty much an ugly game both ways.�
Still, they held on, he admitted. But his team needs to learn what constitutes a foul and when to be aggressive, picking up 11 in the second half, including some when he wanted them to just run clock.
�The more they see it on film, the more they can correct that so they don�t do it any more,� he said.
Scymczak knows his team had this game, at least for a while.
�Our kids fought hard. I�m proud of their effort. I think we showed that we belong with some of these bigger teams,� he said.
Now they just need to learn from the loss in the second part of the season, he said.
Going into Christmas break with four wins is great, O�Neil said. But with football season extending to the end of November, his players haven�t had a week off since Aug. 19. The moratorium over the break is going to be nice.
Scott City 14 15 10 20 � 59
Hugoton 15 16 4 19 � 54
Scott City (4-0, 1-0)�Yager 6 1-2 16, Hess 1 0-0 2, Hutchins 1 7-11 9, O�Neil 9 6-12 26, Cure 0 1-2 1, Baker 1 3-6 6. Totals 18-27 18-33 59.
Hugoton (4-1, 0-1)�Armendariz 2 1-7, Leininger 6 2-2 14, Heger 2 0-2 6, Watkins 5 4-5 5, Duarte 0 1-2 1, Kinser 5 1-4 11. Totals 21-46 9-16 54.
3-pt. goals�Scott City 6-15 (Yager 3, Hutchins, O�Neil 2), Hugoton 3-8 (Heger 2, Watkins). Rebounds�Scott City 21 (O�Neil 5), Hugoton 31 (Leininger 9, Kinser 6).
Total fouls�Scott City 15, Hugoton 22. Fouled out�Scott City (Baker), Hugoton (Heger, Kinser). Technical fouls�none.
Hugoton 87, Scott City 35
The Lady Eagles showed why they�re at the top of their class with an 87-35 runaway win over league foe Scott City.
In rebounding from a loss last Saturday, Hugoton set a school record for points scored (the previous was 80 set in 1993).
The top team in Class 4A-II jumped out to a 15-1 lead in the first quarter and never looked back, as nine players scored and the team hit for eight 3-pointers.
Katy Heger led the Eagles with 20 points, Bailey Hoskinson added 17, and Amy Scott chipped in 14.
Kiana Yager and Bailey Latta paced the Lady Beavers with nine points each.
Scott City 10 14 8 3 � 37
Hugoton 23 30 27 7 � 87
Scott City (1-3, 0-1)�Latta 2 4-7 9, Wiebe 2 5-6 7, Yager 3 0-0 9, Orr 1 0-0 3, Goodman 1 2-2 4, Garcia 0 1-2 1, Miller 0 0-2 0. Totals 9 12-19 37.
Hugoton (3-1, 1-0)�Johnson 1 0-0 2, Armendariz 3 0-0 6, B. Hoskinson 8 0-0 17, Fabala 4 1-2 10, Scott 5 2-2 14, Pena 1 0-0 2, L. Hoskinson 4 0-0 9, Heger 8 2-2 20, Rawlins 1 2-2 4, Sosa 1 0-0 3. Totals 35 7-8 87.
3-pt. goals�Scott City 5 (Latta, Yager 3, Orr), Hugoton 8 (B. Hoskinson, Fabala, Scott 2, L. Hoskinson, Heger 2). Total fouls�Scott City 11, Hugoton 16. Fouled out�none. Technical fouls�none.


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Get up, pop on the TV, watch the Winter Olympics over breakfast.
For many Brits, this is how the day begins - at least for the next fortnight.
Owing to the time difference between the UK and South Korea - they're nine hours ahead - much of the action in PyeongChang takes place overnight and through the morning.
Most mornings, the BBC's coverage of the Games starts at 9.15am and runs until around 1pm.
It's led by veteran sports anchors Clare Balding and Hazel Irvine - household names in Blighty.
They're flanked by a mixture of rising stars of the presenting world and former Olympians.
But how much do you know about the supporting cast members? Here's everything you need to know about the hosts and pundits talking you through the likes of skeleton, luge and curling .
Who is Chemmy Alcott?
A regular fixture in the studio alongside Clare Balding, former Olympian Chemmy is one of the main pundits.
Her qualifications? Well, she's one of the finest alpine ski racers Britain has ever produced.
A five-time overall Senior British National Champion, Chemmy competed in all five alpine skiing disciplines - downhill, super G, giant slalom, slalom and combined - before retiring in 2014.
She also competed in seven FIS World Championships and four Winter Olympics.
Born Chimene Mary Alcott, she was named after Sophia Loren's character in the 1961 film El Cid.
Now 35, her surname has been Crawford-Alcott since 2014 when she married fellow skier Dougie Crawford.
The couple have one child, Lochlan Arthur MacDonald Crawford.
In 2012, Brighton-born Chemmy, 35, appeared on Dancing On Ice, reaching the semi-finals.
She's been praised by viewers for her insightful opinions in the BBC studio.
Who is Sarah Lindsay?
Before Elise Christie was the golden girl of British short track speed skating, there was Sarah Lindsay.
A three-time Olympian, London-born Sarah competed in Salt Lake City 2002, Turin 2006 and Vancouver 2010.
Under the guidance of coach Nicky Gooch, she was British Ladies Champion for nine consecutive years.
Now 33, she's a pundit at the PyeongChang Games and runs a personal training company in London.
Who is Eilidh Barbour?
Growing up, Eilidh Barbour dreamed of becoming a champion athlete.
When she realised that wasn't likely to happen, she did the next best thing and turned her hand to presenting sport on TV.
In the summer of 2017, Eilidh became the BBC's new face of golf, replacing her idol Hazel Irvine.
The 35-year-old, from Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland, studied film and media at the University of Stirling.
She presented on STV Rugby before switching to the BBC, where she's been a regular on Final Score and Football Focus.
But right now, she's part of the Beeb's Winter Olympics presenting team in PyeongChang.
Who is Radzi Chinyanganya?
If you're an avid viewer of children's TV, you might already be familiar with Radzi's work.
In October 2013, he became the 37th Blue Peter presenter, replacing Helen Skelton.
Before that, he co-presented Wild, also on CBBC, alongside Naomi Wilkinson and Tim Warwood.
He also reports and presents on CBBC's football show, Match of the Day Kickabout.
Away from children's TV, he was the weightlifting presenter at the London 2012 Olympics and last year he was one of the presenters on ITV game show, Cannonball, with others including Freddie Flintoff.
This month, he's helping out with the hosting in South Korea.
Here's something you probably don't know about Radzi - in 2008 he appeared on Sky One's Gladiators, becoming the only contestant in history to attempt the eliminator wearing a swimming cap.
Who is Jenny Jones?
As British Olympians go, snowboarder Jenny Jones is a history-maker.
Four year ago, at the Games in Sochi, she became the first Brit to win an Olympic medal in a snow event after taking bronze in the slopestyle event.
Since then, the Bristolian, 37, has focused on her media work.
In October 2014, she began presenting Jenny Jones' Extreme, a monthly BBC Radio 5 Live show about extreme sports.
Later that year, she was one of the coaches on C4's The Jump.
In PyeongChang, she's been on presenting duties, working alongside Clare Balding.
Who is Graham Bell?
If you're of a certain age, you might know Graham for his athletic achievements.
A five-time Olympic skier racer, he represented Great ritain in Sarajevo 1984, Calgary 1988, Albertville 1992, Lillehammer 1994 and Nagano 1998.
Since retiring in 1998, he's been a regular fixture on TV, commentating on the World Cup Ski Circuit for Eurosport, before moving to the BBC's Ski Sunday show.
He's presented and commentated at the last five Winter Olympics, including the one going on right now.
The son of a Royal Air Force pilot, he was born in Cyprus, but grew up in Scotland and Yorkshire. His brother Martin was also a ski racer.
He's also something of an adventurer.
In recent years, he's tackled the the Arctic Circle Race - a 160-mile cross-country skiing race in Greenland and has survived a night in a snow-hole without food, water or a sleeping bag.
And the two you probably know...
Who is Clare Balding?
A familiar face on TV, Clare is the BBC's lead Winter Olympics anchor.
You might not know she was actually an amateur flat jockey between 1988 and 1993.
However, after studying at Cambridge University, she got a job at the BBC, where she started out in radio.
Her big TV break came in 1995 when she introduced the Royal Ascot highlights, putting her expert racing knowledge and insight into that work to good use.
These days, she's often seen hosting shows on the BBC, Channel 4 and BT Sport.
Her BBC salary alone is reportedly between £150,000 and £199,999.
Openly gay, Clare, 47, has been married to fellow broadcaster Alice Arnold, 54, since 2015.
Who is Hazel Irvine?
Anyone who's watched sport on the BBC over the past 30 years will know Hazel.
The veteran broadcaster, 52, began her career in radio but switched to TV in 1988, working for Scottish Television as a continuity announcer.
By 1997, she had risen to become the youngest ever Grandstand host at the age of 32.
She's presented just about every sport for the BBC, with events including the Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Ski Sunday, World Snooker Championship and Wimbledon.
Until last year, she was the Beeb's face of golf. Now spending more time with family, she's chipping in with some hosting during the Winter Games.
Away from work, the Scot leads a private life.
- You can also watch the Olympic Winter Games on Eurosport and Eurosport Player. Go to www.Eurosport.co.uk


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Cynthia A. "Cindy" Gierhart is a Washington, D.C., litigation attorney whose practice is focused on media, trademark and entertainment law.
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Ms. Gierhart has also defended clients responding to government investigations and litigation arising out of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), including litigation involving employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs).
Prior to attending law school, Ms. Gierhart worked for eight years as a newspaper reporter and editor, project manager in book publishing and freelance book editor. She brings this perspective to her work advising clients on First Amendment issues and negotiating agreements for companies and individuals involved in book publishing, filmmaking and podcast production.
Prior to joining Holland & Knight, Ms. Gierhart clerked for the Honorable John Ramsey Johnson in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. She also worked as a legal fellow with the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and at the American Association for Justice.
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UNC looks into joining Big Sky
July 23, 2004
The University of Northern Colorado and the Big Sky Conference may make a match after all.
The Bears, who are competing as a Division I Independent, will be a topic of discussion when the Big Sky Council of Presidents meets Aug. 9 in Salt Lake City.
The meeting marks the second time in 18 months that Big Sky officials will discuss expansion., which has included an internal evaluation of UNC, North Dakota State, South Dakota State and Southern Utah. All four schools are Division I Independents whose football teams will be charter members of the newly-formed Great West Football Conference this fall.
This fall, the Bears will begin their second of five seasons — mandated by the NCAA — in transition, which includes no postseason eligibility.
Initially, after declaring Division I status, the Bears expressed an interest in the Big Sky Conference, but then athletic director Jim Fallis decided the pair weren't a good fit.
If UNC were to join the Big Sky Conference, it would be required to add men's cross country along with men's and women's indoor track, while wrestling, baseball, women's swimming and women's softball would remain as Division I Independents.
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"It's rare to find a perfect fit," McConnellogue said.
UNC also expressed interest in the Mid-Continent Conference, which recently announced it has no immediate plans to expand.
Last year, NDSU and SDSU were told to look elsewhere when Big Sky Conference officials indicated they had no interest in schools located in their geographical region.
"Right now, we're interested in a conference that might be interested in us, or a conference we might be interested in," said Ken McConnellogue, UNC's vice president for university advancement. "Right now, there just isn't anything open."
McConnellogue explained that the "domino effect" is beginning to fall into place as schools try to identify with a conference.
Former Big Sky member University of Idaho announced last month it is leaving the Division I Sun Belt Conference to join the Division I Western Athletic Conference.
Originally, Idaho had expressed an interest in returning to the Big Sky Conference.
"We're going to look hard," McConnellogue said. "It's going to be important to get into a conference that fits what we do."
UNC is not expected to make any sort of presentation at the Aug. 9 Big Sky Conference meeting.
In the meantime, the Bears will begin play as a member of the football-only Big West Conference in September. The Big West consists of UNC, NDSU, SDSU, Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo, Southern Utah and California-Davis.
"I don't want to speculate or worry about who may be going where and when," McConnellogue said. "It's way too early for that."
n McConnellogue was mum when asked to confirm or deny any candidates who have made the first cut in UNC's search for a new athletic director.
Fallis resigned as the school's athletic director in early May to assume a similar position at Northern Arizona University.
"We've had about 80 candidates, and we're about down to 12," said McConnellogue after meeting with the 16-member selection committee this week. McConnellogue is the selection committee chairman.
"We've had applicants from senior associate athletic directors at different levels to Division I athletic directors to people in Division II programs."
The committee hopes to trim the list to no more than five by Thursday. Tentative plans are for finalists to visit the UNC campus in early August.


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Articles by Joyce Kwan
August 29, 2007
This is the third interview in a seven-part series introducing incoming students to some of MIT's faculty, staff, and student leaders. Today, The Tech interviews Donald R. Sadoway, a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, who discusses his first impressions of MIT and how the Institute has changed and gives advice to freshmen for their first year.
August 3, 2007
MIT released a preliminary report detailing recommendations on how the Institute can undertake a study on faculty race issues. The study is anticipated to be fully launched at the start of the 2007–2008 academic year, according to the report released on July 16.
July 6, 2007
James L. Sherley, the African American associate professor who went on a 12-day hunger strike in February to protest his tenure denial, met the end of his appointment last Saturday, June 30. Sherley, who worked for the Biological Engineering Department, faced locked doors when he attempted to work in his laboratory after June 30 in an effort to resist the deadline.
June 15, 2007
Subway opened in the Lobdell food court on Monday, June 11, after a construction period that "took a lot longer than we had hoped," according to Richard D. Berlin III, director of Campus Dining. Subway will be open daily during the summer from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.
May 15, 2007
James L. Sherley, an African American associate professor in the Biological Engineering Department, said that he remains steadfast in staying at MIT until the Institute assesses the validity of his charges of discrimination in the tenure process. According to Sherley, the administration agreed to reassess problems in the tenure process through an external panel in exchange for Sherley ending his hunger strike. The Institute says that there is no agreement for external review of the tenure process.
May 8, 2007
A fault in Kresge Auditorium's water system occurred Friday, May 4, disrupting performances by the Festival Jazz Ensemble and the Musical Theatre Guild. The Campus Activities Complex shut down Kresge because of a failure in the fire sprinkler system related to a lack of running water. Water was restored at around 9:40 p.m.
April 24, 2007
The first-ever EcoExpo will be held tomorrow, April 25, and will feature posters and displays from nearly 30 student-led groups concerned with environmental issues at MIT. Organized by the Students for Global Sustainability group, EcoExpo seeks "to convey the incredible energy and enthusiasm" at MIT and "to inspire new ideas, new connections, and a strengthened campus commitment to sustainability," according to the EcoExpo Web site. EcoExpo will be held in the TSMC lobby of the Stata Center, which faces the intersection of Main and Vassar Streets. Below is a sampling of the groups that will be featured at the event.
April 10, 2007
The Graduate Student Council's new officers have been elected and say they are looking to improve communication between the MIT senior administration and the GSC. President-elect Leeland B. Ekstrom G and Vice President-elect Johnna D. Powell G won uncontested elections on April 4 and will take office on May 2 at the GSC General Council meeting.
April 6, 2007
The recent reduction in the Student Center Coffeehouse's operating hours can be traced to homeless people using the location during early morning hours, according to Phillip J. Walsh, director of the Campus Activities Complex, which runs the Coffeehouse.
<< First 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Last >>
March 6, 2007
What with some successful startups making hundreds of millions of dollars these days, $6 million may not seem like a lot. But it is still enough to impress most college students, and Joseph W. Presbrey '08 earned that very amount back in March 2006 by selling a social networking site for high school students to Alloy, a media and marketing company targeting young consumers.


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Dorothy L. (Brady) Busby, 92 yrs old of Taylorville, passed away Saturday January 11, 2014 at 2:15 p.m. at her residence. She was born on October 20, 1921 the daughter of James & Emily (Stouthammer) Brady in Bureau, IL. She married LeRoy Busby in St. Charles, MO and he preceded her in death. Mrs. Busby was a retired Office manager for Marshall Fields. She was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church and she loved to play bingo and many times held the winning cards. Surviving are her son: Ronald L.(Mary) Busby of Springfield, IL, daughters: Donna J. (James) Correll of Boring, OR and Kathleen (Art) Guerrero of San Diego, CA, grandchildren: Mark Correll, Amy Bradford, Jennifer Hallenius, Melissa Ellis, Jada Banks, Lisa Salzer & Rebecca Dyer. Sixteen great grandchildren, seven great great grandchildren and several nieces, nephews and cousins. Mrs. Busby was preceded in death by her parents, husband: LeRoy, 3 sisters: Leona McCoughney, Berniece Labrack and Darlene Duncan. Visitation will be held on Saturday, January 18, 2014 from 9:00-11:00 a.m. in Sutton Memorial Home in Taylorville. Funeral services will be held at 11:00 on Saturday, January 18, 2014 in the funeral home with Deacon Ray Roth officiating. Burial will be in Oak Hill Cemetery. Memorials may be made to St. Mary's Catholic Church or School.
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The NSW Department of Education has been educating students in NSW government schools for over 150 years. The NSW government schools network spans over more than 2,000 schools across Sydney and the rest of New South Wales.
NSW government schools offer education to students studying in both primary and secondary school.
All primary schools and most high schools (secondary) are co-educational (boys and girls), while a small number of high schools are single sex (boys only or girls only).
High school students can choose from a range of comprehensive schools including specialist schools in performing arts, creative arts, sports, languages and technology.
Students who successfully complete Years 11 and 12 in NSW are awarded a Higher School Certificate (HSC), an internationally recognised qualification that allows students to apply for university study both in Australia and abroad.
Our academic school year runs from January to December and is divided into four terms.
Term 1
28 January - 9 April
27 January - 1 April
28 January - 8 April
Term 2
27 April - 3 July
19 April - 25 June
26 April - 1 July
Term 3
20 July - 25 September
12 July - 17 September
18 July - 23 September
Term 4
12 October - 18 December
5 October - 17 December
10 October - 20 December
School enrolment dates:
Primary school students can enrol from Term 1 to Term 4.
High school students in Years 7-10 can enrol from Term 1 to Term 4.
High school students in Year 11 must enrol in Term 1 or at the beginning of Term 2.
Students in the Temporary Residents Program can enrol at anytime during the school year.


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Everest Base Camp (EBC) Trek is an adventure of a lifetime; it's more than just a trek, it is the journey above the clouds. The EBC lies in the core of Khumbu Valley. Khumbu Valley itself is the great tourist destination for the tourist around the globe. EBC is the stunning terminus for those who wish to see spectacular view of entire Mount Everest just so near to them. Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world with an elevation of 8,848m. Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest, and it is also called as Sagarmatha popularly in Nepal.
Trail begins from Lukla (2,828m), lukla is busy town located in khumbu region. Khumbu region is homeland of mighty Sherpa and mysterious Yeti. Peaks like AmaDablam (6,812), Lhotse (8516), Makalu (8,463), Pomari (7,161),Nuptse (7,855) and other high peaks are standing tall to welcome you to this region. Couple of weeks of your lifetime would be the best time to discover mammoth landscapes, Sherpa - Tibetan cultures and obviously high altitude. This is by far the best places of world for those who adore nature and breathtaking gifts from the nature.
The EBC trek follows the trail along with DudhKoshi River elevating along with the forest of Rhododendron. On the way it is highly likely that you can see several endangered species like Blue Sheep and Musk Deer. This region is home to snow leopard, most of the time they are not in your close proximity. Different species of birds like Himalayan Pheasant, Danphe and Munal will be seen during this journey. Continuing the journey, we will reach to Namche Bazaar.
Namche Bazaar (3500m) is the stop point for trips to Everest and other peaks in this zone. This town is popular with trekkers especially for altitude acclimatization. This small town is above the altitude sickness threshold therefore most trekkers prefer to spend at least two nights to acclimatize.
The route continues from Namche Bazaar via Imja Khola River to the valley below Everest. Following the traditional route via Lobuche and GorakShep the trail takes to the destination; The Everest Base Camp.
After reaching the EBC, we then climb Kalapatthar, to explore the panoramic views of Mt. Everest and Other Himalayas. It's the best feeling to feel Mount Everest right in front of your eyes, the sensation are simply magnificent.
- Airport – Hotel transfers in KTM,
- Hotel in KTM for 2nights pre and two nights post trek, including breakfast on double occupancy,
- City tour of Boudhanath,Pashupatinath and Swyambhunath before trip,
- Transportation, tour guide and entrance tickets during city tour,
- Flight from KTM –LUKLA -KTM,
- Everest National park entrance fees,
- Teahouse trekking accommodations,
- Boiled water, tea, Fruits, coffee, including all food– water bottles throughout,
- Guides & porters during trek,
- Duffel bag with both Wongchhu Peak Promotion and trekking map,
- Daily dispatches on wppnepal.com,
- Salary & insurance for all Nepali staff,
- Tips for driver, bell boy, airport helper, tour guide,
- Welcome & Farewell Dinners with Alcohol.
- Meals in Kathmandu (except welcome and farewell dinner),
- Extra night accommodations in Kathmandu because of early arrival, late departure, early return from mountain (due to any reason) than the scheduled itinerary,
- If required to change from airplane to helicopter flight to/from Lukla (i.e. weather) , additional costs will be shared by clients,
- Beverages and alcoholic drinks on trek - Personal trekking equipment,
- All personal expenses, including Nepal Visa (for country entrance),
- Personal medical and evacuation insurance,
- All other additional charges for additional services, including recommended TIP,
Additional tips for tour guide, others as one sees fit,
- Personal purchases
Waterproof Hiking shoes
1 pair
Changing shoes / sandal
1 pair
3 pairs
Warm trousers
2 piece
Warm pants
2 pairs
T – shirts
5 piece
Long underwear
1 pair
1 piece
Warm fleece Jacket
1 piece
Baseball hat
1 piece
Warm hat
1 piece
Waterproof pant and jacket
1 pair
Good gloves for trek and climb
2 pair
Sleeping bag
1 piece
Personal back pack
1 piece
Duffel bag
1 Piece
Sun glass
1 piece
Sun block cream
1 piece
Head lamp / torch
Water bottle -1 liter bottle
2 piece
Trekking poles
1 pair
Tooth brush and tooth paste
Extra batteries for head lamp/ torch and camera
Extra film rolls/ memory cards (if digital camera )
Battery charger ( if digital camera)
1 piece
Lip guard
Personal first aid kits
Rain coat


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Women's boy fit jeans in 13,5 oz authentic open-end comfort denim with a light wash tone, heritage and masculine look for the grainy, salt & pepper surface given through the fabric construction and the stone wash, sandpapered whiskers and used areas, small repaired breakages, worn pocket openings and hem with final softener enriched with fluo embroidered tape on the sides. Low waist and dropped crotch, five pockets, zip and button fly, back pockets and coin pocket with iconic gull stitching, triangle with REPLAY logo on the front left pocket, logo label on the back of the waistband, RM-shaped embroidery on the back. The Maestro line epitomizes the distinctiveness and the craftsmanship that make each and every piece unique and distinguishable.
EXTERNAL CLOTH : 96% Cotton,3% Polyester,1% Elastane
+39 02 2334 5861Mon-Fri: 9.00-18.00 (GMT+1)


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Amsterdam-based visual artist, Bart Eysink Smeets, has released the first results of his latest experiment 'The Art of Organizing' – a project built in collaboration with software company Bynder to uncover the link between creativity and organization.
As a part of an upcoming creative series, Bynder challenged Smeets, a former art director and visual artist behind such experimental projects as 'Finding myself in India' and 'A.A.D.', to prove that organization is for everyone – whether it's a creative mind or one more structured.
"Many people have the impression that creativity and organization do not work together, and I wanted to prove the opposite to be true," Smeets describes, speaking about his vision for the project. "I tried to go beyond the obvious, in this way making people see more of the extraordinary."
The artist spent two weeks creatively arranging day-to-day items in his apartment, which allowed him to turn everyday things into an art-piece. From tortilla pyramids to jenga chairs, the mission was made to provide an extraordinary structure to ordinary objects.
"This collaboration with Bart Smeets, a truly visionary artist, helped us showcase organization in a more modern and creative way," explains Lidia Luttin, CMO at Bynder. "We think everyone should have a way to be organized, even if it doesn't come naturally. Some simple structure can give the extra time needed to work on more creative projects."
The full visual results and project videos can be found here.


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Convenient Living – Bring the In-Laws !
This 4 bedroom home with attached flat is perfect for large families looking to accommodate the in-laws and or after a teenager retreat. Located on just over 6 acres, this property is also ideal for horses and many other pursuits.
- Large 4 bedroom home walk in + ensuite to main, built ins to rest
- Attached flat with kitchenette, open plan living space, and separate bedroom + bathroom
- Spacious kitchen with stainless steel appliances, gas cooktop + dishwasher
- Open plan kitchen, rumpus & dining + separate media room
- Ducted air conditioning + ducted vacuuming
- Located on over 6 acres, dam and paddocks perfect for horses.
Homes in the fast growing township of Bargo are renting quickly due to the terrific value available, location and proximity to main arterial road networks. Bargo is located 10 minutes south of Picton and is renowned for its semi rural lifestyle, great access to the freeway and close proximity to both Sydney and Wollongong. Book your inspection today!
Disclaimer: Whilst every effort is taken to ensure accuracy of this listing, we accept no responsibility for errors or omissions. We encourage you to seek your own independent legal and / or financial advice prior to making any commitment or decision.
See also
Property Information
- Street Address 3626 Remembrance Drive
- Type Residential Lease
- State NSW
- Region Southern Highlands
- Suburb Bargo
- Property Type House
- Land Size 6.64 Acres
- Date Available 18th May 2020
- Bond $3,400
- Region 3400


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Little Witch Embroidery Pattern and Bitter Harvest
I finished my Little Witch hand embroidery pattern just in time for the onset of autumn. I used Gentle Art Sampler flosses on some light caramel colored quilting fabric with a swirl pattern. The ghosts look pretty happy and the little witch is ready to head out for trick-or-treat adventures.
I was browsing the new cozy mystery book selection at my local Walgreens the other day and found this new-to-me series. This is the fifth orchard mystery and it is very good so far. The reason I bought it is because there is an antique cross stitched sampler that Meg (the protagonist) finds and she tries to find out more about it or if it is linked to her family history and maybe the mystery is entwined with it too. I've learned what a Thanatologist is too... people who study death and how cultures cope with it. Had never heard of that before and love to learn while I read.
I've been sketching my cherry tomatoes and made a new card series out of part of a sketch. This is a mixed media thank you card (I added a few sepia ink daisy flowers at the bottom).
Happy Autumn to all!


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Alex stood with me, we have great shaking.
- Smoking, you? – He suggested.
- A couple of puffs.
Alex lit a cigarette, and poured himself a drink.
- You will? Only look to bad there was.
- No, I do not want, I'm still in good shape.
After a couple of puffs, I gave Alesha cigarette.
- Look, someone behind the wall moan! – We have to listen.
Groans were with pokrikivaniem. Clearly be heard that it was Katya.
- Well, why do you have right in the ass, at Katka's so cool, beautiful, young ass (for today we saw her bare ass very often) can simply, she is very good. Eruope video sex free.


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Midwest Management Group is always looking for certified, highly-qualified educators to fill current and future openings at the school's we manage. To be considered, please email your cover letter and resume along with the fillable PDF Employment Application at the bottom of the pull down list to the right. Send it to email@example.com and you will be contacted by one of our hiring managers.
- Are you motivated and excited about work?
Do you enjoy working with others?
Do you think of variety, change and having different work environments as positive?
We are built on a strong foundation. All progress is made by identifying both the success and failures of a company's growth. We have learned from some of the best and know what it's like to "stand on the shoulders of giants". Adhering to the principles of constant and never-ending improvement have made us an industry leader.
3170 Old Farm Lane, Commerce Twp, MI 48390
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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- Professor
- Deputy Director and Chief Technology Officer, Bush Combat Development Complex
- Phone: 979-317-1303
- Email: email@example.com
- Office: HRBB 722A
- Website: Personal Website
Educational Background
- Ph.D., Texas A&M, Aerospace Engineering, 1995
- M.S., Texas A&M, Aerospace Engineering, 1991
- B.S., San Diego State University, Aerospace Engineering, 1988
Research Interests
- Theoretical Mechanics
- Cooperative Games
- Dynamics & Controls
Awards & Honors
- recipient of the 2012-2013 William O. and Montine P. Head Faculty Fellow Award in the College of Engineering
- received the 2012-2013 Thomas U. McElmurry Teaching Excellence Award
Selected Publications
- J-35 Hurtado, J.E., Analytical Dynamics of Variable-Mass Systems , submitted to Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, submitted March 2017.
- J-34 Hurtado, J.E., Sinclair, A.J., State Transition Matrix, Motion Constants, and Ergodicity of the Euler-Poinsot Problem, Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 85, Iss. 3, pp. 2049
- J-33 Sinclair, A.J., Hurtado, J.E., Bertinato*, C., and Betsch, P., On Noethers Theorem and the Various Integrals of the Damped Linear Oscillator, The Journal of Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 60, Iss 3, pp.396-407.
- J-32 Restrepo, C. and Hurtado, J.E., Tool for Rapid Analysis of Monte Carlo Simulations, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp.1564-75.


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"Cover Florida:" Health Care Insurance Relief May Not Be Enough
Many of Florida's 3.8 million uninsured residents may be able to afford health insurance next month, thanks to a new program called "Cover Florida." Supporters say it will cut monthly premiums from about $700 to about $150, but critics are concerned that the program may not cover enough.
The "Cover Florida" plan was signed Wednesday by Secretary Holly Benson of the state's Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA). It will be managed primarily by United Health Care and Blue Cross/Blue Shield.
Benson says "Cover Florida" offers 25 plans to choose from and will give many families new hope.
"Many families just choose to do without; they can't find the money in their family budget to buy health insurance. One of the things the governor wanted to do was to make sure they had an affordable health insurance product."
Legislators passed the program unanimously, then began negotiating with the insurance companies to provide the best choices at the best prices. Benson says the final product is a program open to anyone age 19 to 64 who has been uninsured for six months or who recently lost a job. Unlike standard insurance plans, "Cover Florida" insures people with pre-existing conditions, Benson adds.
"Cover Florida" may not cover enough, however, warns Rich Templin, executive director of Florida AFL-CIO.
"It's still very much a Band-aid approach. But it's important for people to realize that the patient is bleeding to death, so if this could slow down the bleeding, it would be a good thing."
Although he agrees that any expansion of health care access is an improvement, Templin says the specifics of cost and coverage for "Cover Florida" are still unclear. Florida AFL-CIO analysts are studying the options so they can advise union members, he says. He is concerned that some of the coverage is limited.
Florida already had Kidcare and Medicaid programs in place, Templin points out, that could have provided these services with proper funding. The bigger problem is a lack of revenue, he says.
"The crumbling budget, our dismal public education system, and health care--it all comes down to a lack of revenue. Until we generate the revenue we need, approaches like this aren't going to be enough."
Information about "Cover Florida" is available at www.CoverFloridaHealthCare.com.


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History and Current Status of Evidence-Based Korean MedicineView this Special Issue
Research Article | Open Access
Effects and Safety of Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan on Dysmenorrhea Caused by Blood Stagnation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective. This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and controlled trial with two parallel arms: the GJBNH group and the placebo group. This trial recruited 100 women aging 18 to 35 years with primary dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation. The investigational drugs, GJBNH or placebo, were administered for two menstrual periods (8 weeks) to the participants three times per day. The participants were followed up for two menstrual cycles after the administration. Results. The results were analyzed by the intention-to-treat (ITT) dataset and the per-protocol (PP) dataset. In the ITT dataset, the change of the average menstrual pain VAS score in the GJBNH group was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group. Significant difference was not observed in the SF-MPQ score change between the GJBNH group and the placebo group. No significant difference was observed in the PP analyses. In the follow-up phase, the VAS scores of the average menstrual pain and the maximum menstrual pain continually decreased in the placebo group, but they increased in the GJBNH group. Conclusion. GJBNH treatment for eight weeks improved the pain of the dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation, but it should be successively administered for more than two menstrual cycles. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials no. ISRCTN30426947.
1. Background
Dysmenorrhea is a common medical complaint in reproductive women worldwide. The prevalence varies from 45% to 95% depending on the definition [1]. In Korea, 78.3% of all adolescent girls have dysmenorrhea during their menstrual periods [2].
The first option for the treatment of dysmenorrhea is an over-the-counter drug, such as Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Mefenamic [3, 4]. However, these medications have not been effective in 20% to 25% of women. Some adverse events such as digestive disorders were reported [5].
Alternative therapies were reported to treat primary dysmenorrhea. These treatments include acupuncture [6], auricular acupressure [7], infrared-emitting sericite belt [8], and single oral dose of vitamin D [9] and vitamin E [10]. The effectiveness was observed in the treatments, but most studies were pilot trials with small sample sizes. Large-scale clinical trials are needed to clarify the efficacy.
In Korean Medicine, the main factor causing menstrual abdominal pain is blood stagnation. If the flow of blood or qi is interrupted, it may cause pain. The signs of blood stagnation are being easily bruised, tender abdominal pain, loaf in the menstrual blood, and so forth. Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GJBNH) is one of the most popular Korean Medicine formulas for periodical pain due to dysmenorrhea. GJBNH fluidifies blood to induce smooth blood flow and reduce pain [6]. However, the effectiveness was reported mostly in the form of case reports or noncontrolled one-group clinical trials [11, 12]. The well-designed clinical trial is mandatory to prove the effect of GJBNH in primary dysmenorrhea.
The purpose of this trial is to identify the efficacy of GJBNH in dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation.
2. Methods
2.1. Hypothesis
The hypothesis was that GJBNH would reduce menstrual pain more effectively than placebo after taking the intervention—the GJBNH or the placebo—for two menstrual cycles.
2.2. Design
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, and placebo-controlled phase IV trial. This study was conducted from June 2009 to October 2012. Three investigational sites involved the trial: Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Kyung Hee Medical Center in Seoul, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Won-Kwang Korean Medicine Hospital in Gunpo, and Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Gil Korean Medical Hospital of Gachon in Incheon, Republic of Korea. The institutional review boards (IRBs) of three investigational sites had approved the trial before the participants recruitment. Participants were treated as outpatients in these sites. The first visit was the screening. Participants were screened for entry into the trial. Medical, medication, and gynecologic histories were obtained. The second visit was the baseline. At the baseline, the participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the GJBNH group or the placebo group. Eligible participants had taken the investigational drugs for eight weeks. The 3rd visit was after one menstrual cycle from the baseline, and the 4th visit was after two menstrual cycles from the baseline. The 5th visit was after one menstrual period from the 4th visit, and the 6th visit was after two menstrual periods from the 5th visit. At the routine visit, patients returned to the clinic for assessment of the clinical improvement. The trial was conducted over five menstrual cycles. The treatment phase was after two menstrual periods from the baseline (about eight weeks). The participants were followed up three menstrual cycles after the treatment phase. Figure 1 is a flow diagram of this trial.
2.3. Participants
This trial recruited 100 women aging 18 to 35 years with primary dysmenorrhea. We used the 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) to measure the menstrual pain. The women enrolled were those whose pain intensity was more than 60 mm. Two Korean Medicine gynecology specialists diagnosed the participants to determine whether dysmenorrhea was caused by blood stagnation or not.
Inclusion criteria were for those with a period cycle of 30 ± 3 days during the last 3 months, for those with a VAS score over 60 mm of VAS at screening, and for those diagnosed with blood stagnation.
Exclusion criteria were for those having major neuropsychiatric disorders, planning to have a baby, or taking antidepressant, antiserotonin, barbiturate, or psychotropic drugs. Other inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were described in the study protocol [13].
2.4. Intervention
Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GJBNH) is one of the Korean Medicine formulas for dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation. The participants had taken the investigational drug, GJBNH or placebo, three times per day for two menstrual periods (eight weeks). GJBNH consists of Cinnamomiramulus, Poria, Moutan cortex, Persicae semen, and Paeoniae radix. The placebo medicine was made of lactose, corn starch, and food coloring and had a similar appearance, shape, weight, taste, and color as GJBNH. As rescue medication, ten pain-killer pills were provided during each treatment cycle.
2.5. Randomization
Participants were divided into two groups at Visit 2. The randomization process was commissioned to the independent institution. The random number was produced by a computer random number generator. The central web-site was used to perform the randomization procedure. The investigators, participants, and monitors were blinded to the study purpose and hypothesis.
2.6. Outcomes
The primary outcome was the change in the visual analogue scale (VAS) of the average menstrual pain after the baseline (Visit 2) and after the treatment (Visit 4). The secondary outcome measures included the VAS (the maximum pain during the menstrual period) and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) [14].
2.7. Statistical Analyses
We carried out efficacy analyses on ITT (intention-to-treat: all were randomly assigned participants) and PP (per-protocol: participants completed the trial without any protocol violations). For ITT analysis, missing data were imputed by last-observation carried forward (LOCF) method. We used SPSS version 20.0 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) to perform the data analysis. The descriptive statistics were used to compare the demographic characteristics. We performed Student's t-test to evaluate the efficacy of GJBNH in the VAS and the SF-MPQ. For categorical outcome variables, the Chi-square test was used to test the difference. The significance level was .
2.8. Ethical Consideration
The trial is conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki 2008 and/or the regulations of the "Good Clinical Practice" principles of the Korea Food & Drug Administration.
The institutional review boards (IRBs) have approved this clinical trial at all investigational sites before the participants recruitment. The reference numbers are KOMC IRB 2008-07 (IRB of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center approved it on the 18th of August 2008), WONSBHB IRB 2009-02 (IRB of Won-Kwang University Sanbon Oriental Medical Center approved it on the 24th of February 2009), and 09-101 (IRB of Kyungwon Gil Oriental Medical Hospital approved it on the 2nd of February 2009). Prior to undertaking any study-related procedures, all participants were fully informed and signed consent forms.
3. Results
A total of 100 women were screened. Eight women did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 92 participants were enrolled. Forty-seven subjects were allocated to the GJBNH group, and forty-five subjects were allocated to the placebo arm. After the eight weeks of treatment, 15 participants in the GJBNH group and 14 patients in the control group were dropped out. Two of the most common reasons for dropout were the irregular menstrual periods, under 27 days and over 33 days, and being due to compliance. Adverse events were rare. The most common compliant was the digestion problem.
The demographic characteristics of the two groups are described in Table 1. The mean age at randomization for the GJBNH group was 23.36 years, and it was 23.76 years for the control group. The mean Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire at baseline for the GJBNH group was 21.23, and it was 22.98 for the placebo group. The mean VAS scores of the average menstrual pain were 7.05 and 6.86 for the GJBNH group and the placebo group, respectively. The mean VAS of the maximum menstrual pain of the GJBNH group was 7.74, and that of the control group was 7.65. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in most of the variables assessed at the baseline.
|Means the numbers in that domain indicates (%), not mean (SD).
In the ITT analysis, after the eight weeks of treatment, the change of the average menstrual pain VAS score in the GJBNH group was significantly lower than that of the control group (GJBNH group 1.75 ± 2.06, control group 0.88 ± 1.64; ). But the difference was not statistically significant. The VAS scores of the maximum menstrual pain decreased by 1.03 ± 1.84 and 0.44 ± 2.05 in the GJBNH and the placebo groups, respectively. But the difference was not statistically significant (). Significant difference was not observed in the SF-MPQ score change between the GJBNH group and the placebo group: 4.11 ± 8.61 and 2.60 ± 8.86 in the GJBNH group and the placebo group, respectively (). Table 2 described the details of the ITT analysis results.
In the PP analysis, after the eight weeks of treatment, the change of the average menstrual pain VAS score in the GJBNH group was lower than that of the control group (GJBNH group 1.99 ± 2.18, control group 1.09 ± 1.84; ). But the difference was not statistically significant. The VAS scores of the maximum menstrual pain decreased by 1.26 ± 2.07 and 0.47 ± 2.44 in the GJBNH and the placebo groups, respectively. But the difference was not statistically significant (). Significant difference was not observed in the SF-MPQ score change between the GJBNH group and the placebo group: 5.03 ± 9.24 and 3.69 ± 9.81 in the GJBNH group and the placebo group, respectively (). The details of the PP analysis were shown in Table 3.
The effect of GJBNH maintained one cycle of the menstrual period. Figures 2 and 3 showed the tendency of the VAS of the average menstrual pain. The first followup was after one menstrual cycle after the treatment, and the second followup was after three menstrual cycles after the treatment. The score of the GJBNH group was the lowest at the first followup, but it increased at the second followup. The VAS score of the placebo group decreased continually through the trial. The difference at the first followup between the two groups was more considerable than that after the treatment. But, at the second followup, after the two menstrual cycles after the first followup, the difference tendency disappeared.
3.1. Safety
A total of 16 adverse events occurred. The adverse events were mild digestive disorder, breast stabbing pain, menstrual cycle shortage, urticaria, diarrhea, skin itchiness, and nausea. There were eight adverse events in the GJBNH group and eight adverse events in the placebo group. The adverse events rates were not statistically significant (). Table 4 showed the details.
4. Discussion
There are several study reports to treat dysmenorrhea. Acupuncture is a recommendable therapy. Acupuncture was as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy [6]. A randomized controlled trial has shown the effectiveness of acupuncture in primary dysmenorrhea [15]. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Other therapies were effective in primary dysmenorrhea, auricular acupressure [7], infrared-emitting sericite belt [8], single oral doses of vitamin D [9] and vitamin E [10], and so forth. But the statistically significant differences were rare.
This clinical trial aimed to identify the efficacy of GJBNH on dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation. The primary outcome was statistically significant in the ITT analysis. But the result was not significant in the PP analysis. But the result did not show the significant difference compared with the placebo. We discussed the reason for not detecting the difference in the PP analysis, and we concluded that it was due to the lack of sample size and the treatment period.
The first planned sample size was 100 participants. But the enrolled participants were 92 women. It was due to the pandemic break of influenza. In 2008, the influenza A virus subtype had spread in Korea. The enrolment was delayed. Although this study was supported by the National R&D Project, the study due date was inflexible. As a result, statistical power was lower than the planned.
There was the tendency of the pain decrease in the average menstrual pain between the GJBNH group and the placebo group. A decided difference was observed at Visit 4 and the first followup. This implied that GJBNH should be administered over two menstrual cycles and that the effect of GJBNH remains about one menstrual cycle after the cessation.
A total number of 18 adverse events occurred in this clinical trial. But of all the adverse events were mild and minor. The adverse events occurrence rates were not different between the groups. We considered that GJBNH was safe for clinical use.
This study assessed the other measurement. We analyzed only the primary endpoint and two secondary endpoints. More advanced analysis is needed for the other assessment.
The missing value imputation was planned by the multiple imputation (MI) method, but we used the LOCF method. The VAS scores continuously decreased throughout the trial, and the LOCF method was a conservative method. The dropout rates between the groups were not significantly different. Therefore, we inferred that the LOCF method was appropriate to analyze the data.
This study was valuable to show the effect of GJBNH by the randomized controlled trial. But still there were limitations. The most deficient point was the dropout rate. The participants were mostly young women in the university, and the dropout rate was high in the vacation season. The result was significant in the ITT analysis, but the significance was not shown in the PP analysis. We concluded that the lack of sample size was the main reason.
We expected that the results of this study would contribute to the practical use in the Korean Medicine clinics and the design of the clinical trial of the Korean Medicine for primary dysmenorrhea.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Authors' Contribution
Jeong-Su Park, Sunju Park, and Chun-Hoo Cheon had written the first draft paper for this trial and calculated the sample size. Han Baek Cho and Eun-Mee Lim had conducted the clinical trial and reviewed the draft paper. Bo-Hyoung Jang contributed to the analysis. Yong-Cheol Shin, Seong-Cheon Jo, Hyung Ho Lim, and Seong-Gyu Ko had edited the first version. Seong-Gyu Ko had conducted all of the procedures for this protocol. All authors read and approved the final version of this paper.
This study was supported by the Grant of the Traditional Korean Medicine R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (B120014). The authors also appreciate Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., for the investigational product support.
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