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Why rooster's don't go deaf from their own loud crowing? We mean that, it's almost as noisy as shouts or the roar of motorcycle. But they look still okay with that and did not get any specific pain by their own crowing.
A rooster is commonly refer to a male chicken that often crowing out loud. A rooster is portryaed to crow at the break of dawn with the sound cock-a-doodle-doo. But in fact most rooster can be crowing frequently in the entire day. It can be at dawn, noon, or sometimes at night. The rooster's breed and personality will affect their frequent crowing and so did their crowing loudness.
If you by any chance going or have a poultry farm, you will be familiar of the loud noise from the roosters crowing. And for your information roosters or chicken in general have a strong hierarchy. It means that a leader of roosters will always crow first and will be followed by other roosters. But eventhough roosters are often to fight each other to proclaims their territory.
Did you ever seen a rooster crowing? They sometime crowing in the height such as fench, pole, or any other object. This behaviour is a way for them to proclaim their territory. A roosters crow or even a hens will crow too as a signal of warning. The warning from potential harm even though hens are not as louder as the roosters are.
Comparing Human with Roosters Tolerance to Sound
Here we will discuss about why roosters's don't go deaf from their own loud crowing? There were a research by attaching metered microphones to rooster's head. It has been found that the rooster's crowing are around or even exceed 100 decibels. If human are exposed by the same sound power frequently it will caused a serious damage such as deaf or other hearing pain.
Since for human, our ears are delicate and can not tolerate a sound louder than 120 decibels, for human a loud noice equal to that like a chainsaw machine can cause a permanent hearing loss. The air pressure waves from the noise can give an exposure that huge enough to harm or even kill the hair cells inside our ears. The hair cells convert sound waves into the noises that our brain can process. And for human a sound that equal to 130 decibels will only take a half secong to cause a bit of hearing damage.
But as you can see for roosters itself while they can crow at least for 100 decibels or even more as mentioned before, least we expected them to experienced a hearing damage or even deafness. Instead, they still can crow frequently every day but still in a full of joy. Well actually the roosters have these secret to prevent them from their own loud crowing :
Own Natural Mechanism
1. Anatomy Adaption
They have put a tinny microphones to the head of roosters. It is used to measure the rooster's sound levels that they heard while they are crowing. The crow were also measured from a distance away and another measurement tools was used. As we already knew that the decibels levels were all over 100 decibels and there is one rooster that even hit a 140 decibels it almost equal to an aricraftt carrier deck sounds. Absolutely for human it will permanently cause several hearing damage and even deafness.
- The researchers found out that the roosters keep themselves safe from hearing damage by their own crow with an anatomy adaptation. Unlike human, roosters and other birds or other similiar animals have their own natural mechanism in their ear to prevent them for being in pain or being deaf from high pitch sound.
- In a paper published in the journal of Zoology they discovered that half of their eardrum was covered by a soft tissues. This layer of tissues dampened incoming noise and it covers almost 50 percent of the eardrum area.
2. Natural Ear Protector
Another thing that found by the researcher in when the roosters start to crowing they tilted their head back and another part of their ear or material is covering the ear canal completely, in human it equal with ear protection or bult-in ear plug, but indeed it give more protection than the ear plug was.
3. Rooster Can Regrown Hair Cells
In the inner ear both human and animals such as birds or roosters or chicken we could find a tiny little hair. This tiny hair called as hair cells. This is a part of ear act as sensory receptors of both the auditory and vestibular system. The hair cells will detect movement in their environment and processes it as a sound. Once a hair cells damaged it will not regenerate for human or other mamals.
- Birds as researchers said has an ability to regrow their damaged hair cells. It is totally different from human which can not cure their damaged hair cells. But birds can regenerate it. The researcher also tend to make a same point on the rooster's. Rooster's may have an ability to regrow their hair cells. Human don't have a same ability to roosters or birds. The human's deafness is often caused by loud sound and the effect is permanent for us. And for roosters there is a degree of deafness would likely be temporary if it happened at all.
- From a Micro-CT scans of chicken heads it show that their auditory canal closes when they open their beak. But the different from hens and chick from roosters is that their auditory canal only narrows and it does not close completely. So in hen it does not fully covered up their ear but still it's like a sound filter and soundproof to prevent them from roosters crowing. It almost like someone put and ear plug or finger inside your ear while roosters are crowing.
And if you take a close attention a rooster will find a vantage point if they want to crow (away from their chicks and hens). The roosters crow out loud and ever louder is to tell other roosters to stay away from their hens, and when they get louder and louder the shape of their ears will slowly changed too.
This ability to protect themselves as we see it from the evolutionary perspective is make sense. The roosters crowing is also represent their fitnes. We can conclude that the more louder the roosters the more fit they are and the loudest one will end up being seen as the most fit to mate with a hen.
And those are an explanantion of why roosters don't go deaf from their own loud crowing. Hope this article will give you a view about that matter. If you interested in build a poultry farm you also must understand how take care a chicks, breed them, and raise baby chicks properly.


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Golfers Have the Chance to Win $10,000 Every Saturday if Rickie Fowler Tops the Leaderboard at PGA Tour Events this Season
(CARLSBAD, Calif.) – COBRA Golf announced the launch of '#MOVINGDAY', a season-long promotion that will follow Rickie Fowler's success on Saturday's, referred to on Tour as Moving Day. To celebrate COBRA's #MOVINGDAY campaign, COBRA GOLF is giving fans the chance to win $10,000 every time Fowler is number one on the leaderboard at a PGA TOUR event for the 2015 season between the Honda Classic, and the end of the Fedex Cup Playoffs.
If Fowler tops the leaderboard on a Saturday, fans can visit: www.cobragolf.com/movingday and enter to be one of the lucky, $10,000 grand prize winners.
"To celebrate and thank the thousands of fans who follow Rickie on Tour every week, we're offering a unique chance to win $10,000 every time he tops the leaderboard on Saturday so they too can experience the thrill and excitement of being in contention," said Ian Barrett, Director of Marketing for COBRA Golf. "This campaign highlights the confidence that Rickie displays with COBRA clubs in this bag."
In support of #MOVINGDAY, Fowler, a COBRA PUMA GOLF athlete, will also wear COBRA Golf headwear every Saturday.
To enter the contest, or for more information and complete terms and conditions, visit cobragolf.com/movingday and follow @COBRAGolf on twitter and join the conversation using #MOVINGDAY.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's almost the weekend!!
*insert many more exclamation marks*
Once again, I'm on target with posting every day from Monday to Friday …shocker!
This means I'll actually have a nice relaxing weekend that won't be punctuated with "OMG what am I going to WRITE!!!??? Why is my life SO BORING!!!?" as I stare at a blank laptop screen and try to hit my 'five posts a week' target.
I'm booking my train ticket for the Irish Blog Awards today.
I'm actually ridiculously excited about the event!
It's not just about being nominated or winning awards – it's about meeting up with all the lovely Irish bloggers we've met this year.
Only three weeks to go…YAY!


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New faces, new places and a wealth of new music to hit the airwaves, Defaced are ready to unleash their fury on anyone willing to listen, and if you are not, then you are going to hear it a anyway. They have been working away behind the scenes for months now but it has now come the time to share with the world what they have been up to. It is my absolute pleasure to introduce to you . . . DEFACED!
First up, can you introduce each member as a character from Disney?
First up, our Singer Curtis, he's gotta be Mad Hatter, He's a bit mental.
Our guitarist Chris is like Mike Wazowski, natural joker and funny guy in the band.
Our other Guitarist Jon is like Jack skeleton because in his own words, he's a skinny bastard.
Our Bassist Rob is like Kronk, use your imagination.
and finally our Drummer Lee is like Sully, a gentle giant, I think Lee and Chris should show up for the casting call of the Live action Monsters Inc, they'd be perfect.
How did life as a band begin for you guys?
Recently, but also not. The live 5 piece version of Defaced is really new thing, we've been working really hard to get live shows under our belt, but Defaced started 3 years ago as Curtis's Solo project, he released 2 EPs and a single 'Met your match' in this format.
How would you describe your music to fresh ears?
It's a melting pot of Hardcore punk, Metal and Hip hop in terms of its sound, lyrically it challenges some personal as well as world issues but also tells a story.
What are your plans moving forward?
Our goal is to get playing as many live shows as we can to expose who we are to as many new people as possible, alongside this we want to start recording and releasing new music at the end of 2019 and into 2020.
If Defaced featured in a super hero movie, what kind of characters would you end up being?
Probably the Hulks better looking cousin or something, we're pretty angry and your face but also pretty laid back approachable people too, i think that description fits well with the sort of Dr Jackal/ Mr Hyde vibe the Hulk gives off.
If you could have a famous guest musician in the band for one night only, who would it be?
The list in endless honestly but if it had to be one it would have to be a completely unique and far out experience, maybe Bowie? Seeing Bowie play one of our songs would be Insane.
You recently posted a video as a sort of introduction to the band. What was the idea behind that?
We wanted to encapsulate a number of ideas and themes in once place, obviously with the name Defaced and the sometimes socially challenging topics of our songs we wanted to make a video that both reflected that and also introduced the full band as a 5 piece as until the release of that video Defaced had been known as a solo project to the public. I t was basically a show piece to demonstrate to people that a new chapter had started and that this is how that new chapter is going to look.
If you were offered your own reality tv series, who do you think would get you in to trouble first and why?
Chris, definitely, he's the king of taking nothing serious ever and he's definitely the class clown of the band, he'd no doubt do something ridiculous before long and get himself in trouble or hurt in some way.
Is the Jaffa cake a biscuit or a cake?
A cake, a biscuit is crunchy. Also, cake is in the title. A Jaffa cake just happens to be the size and shape of a biscuit. I'm taking this far too seriously, ill stop now.
Top 5 reasons to listen to Defaced?
We write songs that make you want to move, whether you wanna Jump up and down, start a mosh pit, whatever, nobody stands still when they hear us.
We like you listening to us, be pretty pointless otherwise wouldn't it really.
We're doing something fresh and generally hard to find in the UK.
We're really good looking (this is a total and complete lie).
Our songs make you sit up and listen and have strong messages that I'm sure many people will relate to deeply, give it a chance and tell me I'm wrong.


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https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2019/08/04/why-china-is-dominating-lithium-ion-battery-production/#22b932fb3786 ------ Manufacturing these kinds of batteries is so toxic that even China, a country known for the most minimal regulations, has closed a huge number of battery factories because of the massive numbers of deaths they caused to workers and nearby residents. Journalists have published a glut of articles exposing cover-ups about the dangers and corruption involved with lithium ion batteries. The U.S. Government and numerous groups have filed charges against Panasonic, and similar battery companies for bribery, corruption, dumping, price fixing and other unethical tactics.


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- This event has passed.
Cuba and Beyond Series – Working with Cuba: Opportunities Under U.S. Regulations and Cautions
February 9, 2016 @ 6:00 pm - 7:30 pm
Michael Krinsky has been practicing law for forty-five years. For three decades, he has led Rabinowitz, Boudin, Standard, Krinsky, & Lieberman, P.C.'s representation of Cuba and other foreign governments, and their agencies and enterprises, as well as the Firm's practice in the area of U.S. embargoes and export controls. Mr. Krinsky advises Cuban Ministries – including Cuba's Foreign Ministry, Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Investment, Ministry of Basic Industries, Ministry of Telecommunications, and Ministry of Culture – on U.S.-related legal matters. Mr. Krinsky also assists numerous U.S. and third-country companies and other clients deal with U.S. restrictions on transactions with Cuba, as well as other sanctioned countries, and also U.S. export controls. He is generally considered one of the leading experts on U.S. embargo laws and regulations. His clients include U.S. and third-country tour operators and travel agencies, commercial companies, not-for-profits, foundations, software developers, airplane charter companies, remittance forwarders, entertainment and news organizations, colleges and universities, cultural institutions, and artists and art galleries, among others. Mr. Krinsky litigated the case that established an exemption for art from the U.S.'s embargo programs (Ashton v. Newcomb). On behalf of a U.S. civil liberties organization, he helped draft Congressional legislation that exempted the Internet, television broadcasts and other electronic transmissions of informational material from the U.S.'s embargo programs.
Mr. Krinsky graduated from the University of Chicago's College in 1965 and its Law School in 1968. After working with the American Civil Liberties Union in Newark, New Jersey, he joined the Firm in 1971.


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Hey guys, I'm writing this post because while my main budget travel guide was great, I still feel like I haven't elaborated on it enough. I know what you're thinking,
"does he not have anything else to write about?"
While you're partially correct, I also realised that I was quite general in my other guides, so this post is more about the little things you don't really notice, that save you money. If you've read my posts (here, here, and here, btw) , you know about using Airbnb instead of hotels, using Incognito Mode to buy flights, blah blah blah. SO, these are 47 small, butive effect budget travel tips that have saved me thousands, without exaggeration.
1. Walk as much as possible
Travel will turn you into a walker. While taking public transport will allow you to "get by like a local," that all adds up, and you can be spending the money on something more worthwhile, like food. Not only will you save money, but you can truly absorb the city, and get to know your chosen city a lot better. Plus you can burn calories, and try to be "healthy."
2. Avoid Taxis
Now I know I literally just said to walk everywhere, but there are some cities (looking at you, New York) that are just too big to walk. So, if you need transport, ditch the taxis and go on the bus, or tuk-tuk, or whatever! Public transport is a great way to know a city if walking isn't manageable. Plus in some places, like Thailand, public transport cost just pennies.
3. Avoid Travelling on Fridays and Saturdays
Unfortunately as I am a uni student, I usually only have the weekend. So, if I do travel, I'll usually take a day off or two so my flight can be cheaper. Look at this calendar of flights from Edinburgh – Brussels round-trip, for example.
So, you can either spend up to £95 flying on a Friday or Saturday, or you can spend as little as just £34 flying out on a weekday like Thursday! If you have a full-time job or you're a student, this may not apply as well. But if you're looking to go on a nice little holiday, or you have spring break in university, definitely travel in the middle of the week! I saved almost £200 on my flight to Bangkok next week just from leaving on a Thursday instead of a Friday. And £200 will easily last me all two weeks in Southeast Asia.
4. Learn A Bit of the Language
A simple "tai gui le!" in China goes a long way. When going to a market almost anywhere, especially in Asia, haggling is a must. The locals will try and sell you their goods for double or triple the price. But, if you learn a few things like "its too expensive" or your desired price in their language, they'll eventually give in, and you just saved yourself enough to buy another souvenir!
5. Get a City Pass
Museum passes are the saving grace of big cities. For example, museums in Barcelona are crazy expensive (think 4 compulsory museums at €20 each!), but you can get a Barcelona Card and see the big museums and all Barcelona has to offer for a fraction of the price. Plus, many of these city cards include free metros and discounts at restaurants. I'm now writing this kicking myself that I didn't know this back in Barcelona as I somehow spent €100 in museums and metros in 3 days.
6. Find Museum Deals
The Louvre is a must, but did you know that its free for under 26s on Friday evenings and on the first Sunday of each month for everyone? Just saved you €9 to spend on croissants and €2 convenience store wine. Many paid museums around the world have little quirks like these, you just gotta scope 'em out!
7. Rent a Car
If you're going all over a country (cue plugging in my Croatian Road-trip for the 78337th time), driving will be way, way cheaper than flying all over. Some countries also don't have the greatest bus systems, so a car (or a motorcycle, etc) would be your best bet. Plus, if weather permits, you can sleep in the car and save tons of money on accommodation!
8. Head to National Parks
When I went to Iceland in March, we spent a vast majority of our time visiting Iceland's national parks. In most countries, including Iceland, they're free! Explore the beauty and greens of country while keeping the green in your pocket.
9. Avoid Tourist Traps
I don't remember where I heard this, but someone told me to always avoid restaurants within 6 blocks of tourist sites. Basically, the restaurants with the multilingual menus, the waiters who greet you from the outside, all of that. No. You'll get ripped off, paying a lot more for a lot less quality.
10. Street Food: Heavenly and Cheap
Whoever said all street food was bad was, simply put, wrong. Street food is perhaps one of the most authentic experiences one can have abroad. And it's way, way cheaper than any restaurant. One of the best meals of my life was an order of 3 chashaobao, or BBQ Pork Buns from a stand on Lamma Island in Hong Kong for £1. It was somehow even better than the £5 order back at home at my favourite Asian spot in Los Angeles. It was that moment that street food stole my heart, and left me with way more money for more street food.
11. Hostels: Not the Horror Movie Frights
In the US, Hostel was a pretty big movie that scared me off from hostels for eternity…until I actually stayed in one. First I was alive, but I had a great time! It's almost like that movie..was made…to scare people. As in it's not the reality. Hostels are full of budget travellers like you and me, just trying to save money. Plus, like you and me, no one's out there trying to do anything crazy, they're just minding their own business on their own trips. Give them a shot!
12. Drink Local Brands
You're in Scotland…and you're trying to drink Blue Moon? While delicious, it's way more expensive here because it's a foreign brand. Drink the local ones! They'll be cheaper and it gives you a further taste into the culture, and the bartender may even tell you how its made!
13. Bring Snacks/Food
In super expensive countries like Sweden or Iceland, bringing your own snacks will save you tons of money. A meal out in Nordic countries will cost you, minimum, £15. Bringing your own snacks can hold you over for a while and leave room for cooler things.
14. Hand Luggage Only
Especially if you're flying budget airlines, most airlines will charge for a bag. That's why budget airline flights are so cheap: to suck your bank account dry with baggage fees. Not only that, after you land you'll have to pick up your bag, and that can get delayed. Save yourself money, time, and impatience by taking a reasonable amount of clothes to fit into a duffel-bag, or hand luggage of preference. I've never spent money on luggage while travelling around Europe, and if I took a bag with me each time, with an average bag being €40 a pop, I've saved myself over €500, for real.
15. Don't Drink
But I can't go to X and not try Y drink! Yeah, thats what I thought until I went to London. As many beers I wanted to smash in all the local pubs, at £6 a pint on average, I can find the same brand somewhere else, or just skip out. If you're up for it, saving money on drinks can make a huge difference. And be careful of places with cheap alcohol too! That just means you'll buy more, and probably spend the same (aka me in Prague).
16. Skip it, it's overrated!
There are just some things that just…don't live up to expectations. It's true: Gaudi Experience in Barcelona, Hollywood as a whole, London Eye. Some majorly popular tourist attractions charge a ton because they know their fame, but they turn out being underwhelming. Before going, look up whatever attractions you want to do and see reviews, pictures, etc., then make a judgement from there. If I did that, I would've saved myself a good £25.
17. Consider Multiple Flights
If you're going somewhere obscure, maybe flying somewhere more well-known, but close can help with the costs. For example, if I were to buy a flight from Edinburgh to Siem Reap, Cambodia to see Angkor Wat for £596, I could fly to Bangkok for £370 round-trip, and take a round-trip flight to Siem Reap from Bangkok for £70, saving £156. Or in this situation, I could take a bus to Siem Reap from Bangkok, and save even more!
18. Overnight Transport is Your New Best friend
I love trains: city trains, nationwide trains, overnight trains. If you want to save money on a night staying somewhere and you're departing your city, you can take an overnight bus or sleeper train to your destination. For example, instead of staying a night in Milan to take a morning flight to Paris, you can take an 8-hour overnight train, see all of Switzerland on the way, and save a bunch on accommodation!
19. Free Walking Tours
Instead of hiring a tour guide to show you the city, there are locals willing to show people the city, for free, in pretty much any city! Not only will you save a bit, you can even form a bond with the guide and share some memories. You know they'll be passionate about their city since they're doing this for free when they don't have to.
20. Get a SIM Card/Wifi Router Abroad
Roaming costs….avoid them any way you can. Put your phone on airplane mode, and if you really need internet, get a local sim or a wifi router. In Japan, I got a wifi router that had unlimited wifi with a 12-hour battery life for just $8 a day, and it saved me since I constantly needed Google Maps. But, if you have a British phone and you have Three, you can use your phone in 70 countries at no extra cost! That has saved me, no joke, tens of thousands of pounds.
21. Picnics Galore
If you wanna skip restaurants entirely, there's nothing like a picnic. If the weather permits, you can buy fancy ham, cheese, wine, and baguettes at your local shop. Best part is, you can eat wherever you want, including those touristy spots, without the crazy restaurant prices.
22. Bang For Your Buck
If you live in a country with a powerful currency (dollar, pound, euro, etc), go somewhere where your money will stretch. This can mean anywhere from Hungary to Sri Lanka. Think of it like this: with $50, do you wanna stay in a penthouse in Bangkok, or a musty motel outside London?
23. Chill With The Souvenirs
I could take my own advice here: I have a guilty pleasure for snowglobes. Not only will this take up extra space in your suitcase, but souvenirs are expensive! Maybe stick with a postcard or if you do get souvenirs, you don't need to buy everything in Duty-Free.
24. Get a Group
Travelling with a group, especially with accommodation, can make things a lot cheaper. I've spent £30 a night on adequate Airbnbs, but I've also spent £30 (per person) a night on huge flats when travelling with groups.
25. Control Your Cash
Instead of using your card on everything, take out your daily budget in cash (and a little more in case of an emergency), and don't even touch your card. Or maybe even leave it hidden in your accommodation before heading out. It'll help practice self-control. I, again, can take my own advice on this.
26. Travel Insurance is Key
Yes, it's a small inconvenience to pay a small fee. I don't wanna do it half the time. But, if I'm injured or my (expensive) gadgets get stolen, I'll be compensated, and more. After losing my debit card in Bangkok, I now always buy travel insurance, because you just never know.
27. Stay Outside the Centre
Honestly, I don't like doing this. But sometimes, places are so expensive that I have no choice. However, taking a quick trip on the tram every morning can save you a LOT in terms of accommodation.
28. Travel Slowly
In 2019, I'm travelling a lot slower. One reason being, transport is expensive. On my Southeast Asia trip last year, I spent nearly $200 on flights within the region, which I could have saved and immersed myself further in one place. Personally, as I've hit over 30 countries now, the "countries race" doesn't matter as much to me, and I'm happier staying longer in one place. And I get to save!
29. Forget Exchange Shops
Always take your money out of ATM's, you'll get the best conversion rates (sometimes none!), and you'll get the most out of your home currency.
30. Avoid Peak Season
I hate travelling during the summer for a lot of reasons, but it's also WAY more expensive. Everything! Flights, accommodation, restaurants, souvenirs, it's all inflated. So I just stay home during the summer, and I travel between October and April. Not only is it cheaper, but the tourists will be at a minimum, depending where you go.
31. Second Class Train Tickets = First Class
They both get you to your destination at the same time, but first class tickets cost up to 50% more. The difference in comfort is often minimal.
32. Avoid Hotel Breakfasts
The food isn't as good and the prices are overinflated. Walking two minutes outside your hotel to find a cafe won't kill you, I promise.
33. Take (Free) Hostel Breakfasts
Sometimes, hostels offer free breakfast. It's often pretty unremarkable, such as cereal. But it's free!
34. Don't Tip Like An American
This is mainly to my Americans: we're some of the only people who tip 15-20%. In most places, you tip 10% if they do an exceptional job. This is obviously a case-by-case basis, but be in the know before you go to your destination.
35. Take Free Classes
Some hostels offer free classes to their patrons, such as yoga, cooking classes, etc. If you're staying in a hostel, ask your concierge before booking anything.
36. Skip Barcelona for Sevilla
Skipping the biggest cities for something a little smaller can make a world of a difference on your wallet. In my experiences in Spain, Tenerife was so much cheaper than Barcelona, I don't even know where to start. Plus, you get to see a more "authentic" side of the country, a side not overrun with tourists.
37. Check Visa Costs
The only reason I've never been to India or Brazil is because their visas are so expensive. I'd love to visit, but paying $100 or $160 respectively, is outside my budget currently. Meanwhile, a Vietnamese visa is cheap at $25, which was completely doable. Always check before you book! When deciding where to take my brother for graduation (before deciding on Cuba), I had considered Brazil, but paying $320 for two visas shut that idea down fast.
38. Rent a Bike
If you wanna omit public transport entirely, you can rent a bike! You only have to pay once, and if you're gonna cover a lot of ground, it'll easily pay for itself.
39. Fly to A Smaller Airport
Yeah, it's a bit inconvenient, but when saving an hour of transport by flying to the main airport means spending an extra $120, I'm willing to take that extra bus to get where I need to go.
40. Claim Your Taxes Back
This one's a bit boring and I've only ever done it once. But if you're somewhere like Europe, you can get a good chunk of money back by saving your receipts and doing the process at the tax return desk at your airport. I did this in Japan and got about £40 back.
41. Student Discounts
The revered student discount. I use this ALL the time when I buy tickets to attractions; sometimes it'll only save you 10%, sometimes 50! For example, you can get 35% off Eurail passes! You're still saving, and I know I've saved at least £200 from the discounts.
42. Long Layovers = Free Trip
I'm the biggest advocate for long layovers. Without these, I wouldn't have visited Belgium, Sweden, the UAE, and Qatar! These flights are often cheaper too! It's a perfect way to quickly check a city/country off your list without the costs of accommodation, etc.
- Specific airlines even have programmes for this. You can book your trip with free stopovers in: Reykjavík with Icelandair, Dubai with Emirates, Singapore with Singapore Airlines, etc
43. Seek Out Long Lost Friends
It doesn't matter if you haven't seen your friend in Munich for years: reconnect and ask to stay at their place! It'll be a great chance to reconnect, plus you eliminate one of the biggest costs of your trip.
44. Drink at the Bar
Sounds weird, but in some places like Paris and Rome, eating/drinking at a cafe is cheaper if you're standing at the bar instead of a table. These tiny savings of 30 euro cents or so eventually accumulate over time.
45. Book 2 Return Tickets
A bit unorthodox, but sometimes buying a return ticket somewhere is actually cheaper than a one-way! I remember doing this once when flying back to Edinburgh for uni; I saved like £30 by saying I was gonna return to New York on some random day, when I clearly had no intention of doing so.
46. Avoid Unnecessary Frills
Do you really need to pay £7 for priority boarding? Do you really wanna be trapped on that metal bird of an airplane any longer than necessary? I've never bought priority boarding, and never felt a desire to.
47. Arrange Your Own Excursions
Unless you're doing a free walking tour, see if you can get where you need to go on your own. An organised trip from Lisbon to the popular medieval town of Sintra can cost upward of €30 for the day, but a train there only costs €5, and you can get a map or guidebook for less.


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Last week most people we spoke to were just getting back into the swing of things in 2015, this week normal service has resumed! We have had another busy week of apps, agile and software development!
As anticipated, 2015 has started with a bang. This week we have worked on 9 projects, for 7 individual customers including: providing an agile health check and agile consultancy for a health software provider in London, completion of a new programme support system for MoreLife and the creation of another programme support system for an exciting pilot project that MoreLife have won, a Single Sign On (SSO) project for a large financial institution on behalf of one of our long standing clients, further development of an ongoing WPF project for an entertainment and leisure product, further development of an energy payments system, tweaking of a CMS membership system, some work on an eprocurement hub, responsive web designs and also integration with UPS!
The only thing that we haven't worked on this week is taking a moment to breathe!
We have also welcomed in some more sales enquiries and submitted a comprehensive tender for an exciting new web project.
Roll on next week and the rest of 2015!


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Report: Jamaica Court Issues Arrest Warrant
A court in Jamaica has reportedly issued an arrest warrant for a 31-year-0ld Bermudian who failed to appear in court on drug charges, according to a story in the Jamaica Gleaner.
The story said, "The St James Parish Court has issued a warrant for the arrest of a Bermudian national who should have appeared in court on cocaine charges on Thursday but who had somehow managed to leave Jamaica despite a stop-order forbidding his departure.
"Thirty-one-year-old Paulos Francis, of a Loyal Hill, Devonshire, address in Bermuda, was on bail in relation to charges of alleged possession of, dealing in, and attempting to export three and a half kilograms of cocaine. His case had been set for a case management hearing and the setting of a trial date.
"However, when the case was mentioned on Thursday, it was revealed that Francis left Jamaica on October 21 although a stop-order was in place to prevent him from leaving the country.
"The revelation did not go over well with presiding judge Sandria Wong-Small, who immediately ordered a warrant for Francis' arrest."
You can read the full story here on the Jamaica Gleaner.


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Delivery instructions for forwarding agents and other suppliers
1. Site and traffic rules
1.1 General rules
- The products have to be free from adhesive-repelling substances
- Driver should park his truck on the Alter Postweg 35 along the Synthopol Chemie (SCB) site
- In case of overnight-stays driver is expected to use the parking lots in the "Felix-Wankel-Straße" nearby SCB premises
- Driver shall have sufficient knowledge German or English
- SCB expects driver to have the required personal protective equipment (see #3 down below) as described in the SCB-safety rules
- Please take notice that there is NO loading-ramp on our premises!!
- Any delivery will be recorded in our supplier evaluation system. Assessment will be done on criteria identification, delivery documents, certificate of weight, certificate of analysis, packaging, quality (material), delivery date
- Any costs resulting from delivery not meeting contents of these instructions may be brought to accoung at suppliers expense.
1.2 Check-in
Before entering the driver shall:
- put on safety shoes and longlegged trousers
- check-in at the reception
- read the site safety rules and sign-off for adherence
- show any relevant documents including passport and follow further instructions of the reception
2. Requirements for unloading
SCB may call on drivers to assist in the unloading activities as the SCB-staff is not allowed to enter foreign vehicles.
2.1 Delivery times
- delivery can be done only on the day specified on the order. Any deviation has to be communication in advance and must be agreed upon beforehand
- delivery hours at SCB site are
Monday to Thursday: 07:00 – 14:00 hrs
Friday and Sathurday: 07:00 – 12:00 hrs
2.2 Before unloading
- after entering SCB site the driver shall park his vehicle at the allocated spot and prepare the intended space for unloading.
- in case of "curtain siders" driver shall open the curtain of goods intended for unloading on driver`s side (left hand!)
- in case of delivery of piece goods we expect adequate and sufficient securing according to legal regulations. Goods shall be unloaded without manipulating goods loaded for other destinations
3. Requirements for personal protective equipment
- driver is expected to present with the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
- SCB will refuse acception of delivery in case of missing PPE; missing PPE can be obtained in a warehouse nearby
- SCB won´t except any claim on demurrage resulting from missing PPE
- Tankers/ tank containers are permitted only with folding handrail for loading and unloading.
|General cargo
4. Further requirements
4.1 Vehicle
- vehicle shall meet the requirements according to legal regulations
- dependent on delivered product it has to be ensured in advance that vehicle carries proper equipment for unloading, e.g. pump, hoses, hose fittings etc
4.2 Documentation
- all transports base upon the suppliers delivery note. Other documents like forwarders own bill of lading are not acceptable and are followed by a negative supplier evaluation.
4.3 Examples for securing for transportation
loading space sufficient, load secured adequate, vehicle in good shape
-> loading allowed
preloaded material not secured in an acceptable way
--> loading rejected


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Bill Davey was born in 1917 at 168, Barrow Hill, the son of John George Davey, a coal miner. The family were regular attenders at the nearby Zion Primitive Methodist Church.
Bill started his education at Barrow Hill School in 1921. In those days, Barrow Hill School catered for pupils up to the age of 14, after which they began work.
Bill won a scholarship to continue his education at Netherthorpe Grammar School, becoming only the second pupil (after Arnold Nash) from Barrow Hill to do so. In 1934, aged 17, he left home to study for a B.Sc degree in Chemistry; going on to take his Ph.D at Huddersfield.
From 1940 onwards, Bill worked as an industrial chemist for ICI, Boots and Shell and was a consultant for Castrol. He also taught part-time at Huddersfield Technical College and The (Chelsea) Polytechnic.
World War II saw Bill working to develop fuel for the British version of the doodle bug, producing insulin and continuing to teach. He was instrumental in the invention of tribology (lubrication).
The first full-time lecturer at Acton Technical College in 1944 (now Brunel University), then Head of Chemistry at Regent Street (now University of Westminster) and finally President of Portsmouth Polytechnic (now University of Portsmouth), Bill has been recognised for his contributions with honorary degrees and a Professorship.
Away from his teaching, Bill wrote books on industrial chemistry, was a Scientific Training Officer for the Civil Defence, wrote over 40 published papers and was involved in the introduction of mobile forensic laboratories for the police.
He was awarded the C.B.E (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 1978.
This article has been adapted from the authorised biography (pictured).


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UN human rights mission concerned about "death penalties" in occupied Donbas
Head of the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine Fiona Frazer says the Mission is concerned about the practice of death penalties in the militant-controlled areas of Donbas, according to an UNIAN correspondent.
"Residents in territory controlled by armed groups continue to have no access to the justice system of Ukraine. Structures developed by the armed groups fail to protect human rights or to provide effective remedies," she said at press conference in Kyiv, presenting the 20th UN report on human rights situation in Ukraine from August 16 to November 15, 2017.
"Practices such as incommunicado detention and closed so-called 'hearings' give rise to serious human rights concerns," she said.
Read alsoUN mission says bill on Donbas lacks clarity on human rights protection"The situation is even more worrisome in light of a second death penalty that was announced by the self-proclaimed 'Donetsk People's Republic' in November."
"OHCHR notes that international law sets our stringent conditions for the application of the death penalty, including meticulous compliance with international fair trial standards which the armed groups clearly failed to meet," Frazer added.


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Tiled shower area in the bathroom. Mayfair London.
Do You Need A Handyman?
Looking after your London home and office has never been easier.
Here at Handyman Of London we take as much pride in keeping your home and office up to scratch as you do
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Call Us Now on 07858 351121 and we will get the work done.
Fitted new light and switch in a garage in New Cross
Fitted four sets of taps at the Cleveland cable company Erith Kent
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I would like to take this oppertuinity, To thank Handyman of London for fitting my kitchen superbly, i am over the moon with my new kitchen and would like to recommend his services to anyone out there, that needs there kitchen fitted thanks to all the work force. from Sue and John
Hi Handyman i have just seen my new garage door another great job ,I am glad Parris estate agents introduced us to you, thanks Heather brown
Handyman came and put a new toilet in for me.im 80 years old, it was a pleasure to have someone so nice and help full for a change.wish they was all like him.many thanks handyman of london
we found handyman of london on the internet,we arranged for him to come and fix our bathroom taps.he was very clean and tidy. he even cleaned his teacup before he left , i would defernatly use them again thanks
I called handyman of london to my flat in shoreditch, to tile my bathroom, they done a great job and i have already recommended them to my friends , thanks for a great job
The boys are always extremely efficient and punctual. Thanks again.
I thought the quality of work was top drawer, and extremely professional.


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Dear Ms Zelter
Our guidance, both for public prosecuting authorities, such as the Crown Prosecution Service or the Serious Fraud Office, and putative private prosecutors, is that draft charges or an indictment are required with every request for consent. See for example https://www.gov.uk/guidance/consent-of-the-attorney-general-to-prosecute-how-to-apply and annex 3 of the CPS guidance http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/a_to_c/consent_to_prosecute/#a09 . We do require a draft indictment in this case so please provide one.
Kind regards
Craig Hollands
Correspondence Unit
Attorney General's Office
email@example.com 020 7271 2492
20 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0NF


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Registered Nurse £26-£35 Per Hour
Job description
Synergy Medical is a Healthcare Agency that provides Registered Nurses to private care homes, nursing homes & hospitals around the UK.
Umbrella/LTD Company rates of pay between £26-£35ph!
We are looking for confident, hard-working & experienced nurses who wish to work within the North West of England. We currently have work in; Carlisle Lancaster, Stockport, Preston, Crewe, Warrington, Wirral, Blackburn, Wigan & Bolton.
Shift Pattern;
Long Days
The shifts may be short notice (same day or day before), so you we do ask that you have flexible availability. We also ask that all of our candidates remain professional, helpful & empathetic , as you will be looking after a variety of residents in different environments.
Successful applicants will require;
A minimum of 6 months experience of working within a care environment in the UK
Ability to get references that cover the last 3 year period
In date DBS
Valid NMC Pin
Excellent rate of pay
A dedicated, pro-active consultant
Shift patterns to suit you
A smooth & easy registration process
An outstanding out of hours service
Beneficial referral scheme
Free uniform
Weekly pay
Please send your CV to email@example.com or call 01908 061082 & ask for Faye for more information.
Synergy Medical is acting as an Employment Business in relation to this vacancy.


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- This event has passed.
Native American Entrepreneur Mixer
March 8, 2018 @ 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
Join ONAC, NAYA and Prosper Portland while we host our first Native American Entrepreneur mixer. Network with community and Portland Partners. We are excited to have drinks served by Casey Wiser of Wandering Spirits and will be joined by many other Portland area Native businesses.
This event is free and open to all members of the Portland Native American community. This event is hosted by Prosper Portland and sponsored by Oregon Native American Chamber and Native American Youth and Family Center. There will be drinks and light refreshments available. Get your tickets here!
Don't forget your business cards, and if you are interested in donating any items for the raffle, please reach out to Amber Faist at ONAC.


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Travelling around Bradford
Bradford is located in West Yorkshire in the foothills of the Pennines. Once the beating heart of Britain's textile industry, this old mill town is now a thriving hub of art and culture.
You can explore 'Little Germany', with its sweeping gothic-style architecture, visit the city's beautiful parks and gardens or delve into some local history at one of Bradford's museums and art galleries.
Bradford has excellent road and rail links and Arriva buses operate in the area, providing routes in and around the city centre, as well as regular services to local towns, such as Dewsbury, Batley and Wakefield.


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In 1999, Radio Netherlands broadcast a series of 12 programmes telling the story of the 20th century through famous books. In each programme a guest speaker gives us the historical background behind the story in the book and tells us about the actual events that inspired it.
"Century of the Wind" is the third book in the trilogy "Memory of Fire" written by the Uruguayan writer, journalist and poet Eduardo Galeano (1940-2015) and published in the 1980's. It is a sweeping chronicle of life in Latin America in the 20th century by a writer with a deep political commitment whose books are ranked among the best of his age and culture.
Guest speaker is Gustavo San Roman, a Uruguayan writer and lecturer in Spanish and Latin American literature at the University of St. Andrews in Great Britain.
Produced and presented by Maggie Ayre
Broadcast in 1999


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The consequences of using explosives in any populated area in most places of the world would bring a hail-storm of national police response and maybe even military ones. However, the real response is up to ST fiat, but SWAT teams, national bomb squads and federal investigation, counter terrorist units etc are far from unreasonable if you bomb something or someone. Like, even buying any real quantity of bomb making material may be enough to put you on a watch list. But yes explosives can do aggravated damage, and the consequences is ST fiat, let's not follow this topic farther OT into a discussion about ST fiat as these discussions usually go towards that place.
Me myself should probably check out the Hunter playtest and open dev as well.


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Welcome Cachers Login
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The bald eagle became the National emblem in 1782 when the great seal of the United States was adopted. This is a great geocoin for caches, gifts or just traveling around with.
Size: 1"(25mm) x 2.5mm
This geocoin is trackable at www.geocaching.com with its own unique icon.
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Double click on above image to view full picture
Find us at N 41° 02.521 W 111° 56.559
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CalAtlantic Title
As a proud member of the Lennar family of companies, CalAtlantic Title provides title insurance and real estate settlement services to homebuyers, sellers and borrowers in the top real estate markets across the country.
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text: Helltown Workshop Presents: Nautical Legends and Lore Art Exhibit By Kris Smith For as long as there has been ocean travel and story telling there has been tales of sea serpents wreaking havoc on ships and sailors. Leviathans of biblical proportions as well as the mermaids and sirens of Homer lured ships to swirling whirlpools and deadly reefs. The giant squid of Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Godzilla and Moby Dick all have captured the imaginations and intrigue of the public... Artists have rendered these nightmare tales from cultures all over the world. The Japanese have the Umibozu, a sea creature believed to be the collective spirits of drowned priests who shipwrecks victims and fisherman who dare speak to it. Jormungandr, the Norse Midgard serpent was believed to have grown so large he was able to surround the earth and grasp his own tail, and if he lets go the world will end. The artists working in the 21st century are no different and these sea monsters continue to capture the imagination and set the pen, paintbrush and tattoo machine in motion. Helltown Workshop presents an exhibit featuring world class tattoo artists who venture into these foggy, liquid worlds of sea monster tales and giant serpent lore. These artists will present their work on canvas, wood, glass and paper in an exhibit opening September 30th and running through October 11, 2011 in our Provincetown gallery. Provincetown, being an active fishing community today and former whaling port of the late 1800s, is the perfect spot for this artistic adventure into the turbulent seas of nautical lore and legend. The show is co-sponsored and curated by Coastline Tattoo of Provincetown, DJ Matty B, Raw Bar by Rose Oysters, Wellfleet, Pizza from George's Pizza, Provincetown, Hand Crafted Beer from Cape Cod Beer and Hyannis.


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1) Typing and using the mouse without contorting my hand.
2) Putting on/taking off a bra without having to twist the fastener to the front, which I haven't had to do since I was 12.
3) Putting the car into reverse and drive without reaching ooover with my left hand to put the car in gear.
4) Opening beer bottles. I am managing wine bottles okay, though, so all is not lost.
5) Grabbing an out of control kid to put him in time out. The boys know that I have been reduced to solely using my wits to move them where I want them to go. I'm not sure who is winning. Thus necessitating copious amounts of wine after they are in bed (which incidentally does more for the pain than the vicodin they gave me (which I stopped using almost immediately, it made me nauseous)).
Come back opposable thumb! Heal quickly! I need you, I want you, I cannot liiiiiiiive without you.


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Case 3994:
Weight: An old shepherd tugged on the ropes that had bonded with his waist. Daisy-chained were an ashen woman, boy, and girl, presumably his family. They had sullen looks and a world-weariness of those who had lost their home. Together they scaled a pass that spiraled up and down a mountain to an uplifting tune that went nowhere.
Lightness: A pit-bull grew up tied to an oak tree. His world was a nine-foot circle of dirt, acorns, and taunting squirrels. Having given up on escape, he fell into a deep slumber and dreamed of the pearly gates. A voice told him to come forth, but he couldn't. The clouds turned dark and erupted with rage. The smell of burnt ash then woke him up. Tugging at his leash for the first time in years, he found it slack.


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Video fishing report: Bass fishing (Bartlett, Saguaro lakes)
Gary Senft of the Mesa Bass Pro Shops visited us Wednesday at our Phoenix headquarters for this spring bass fishing update:
Bass fishing report with Gary Senft
Check out Senft's "Fishing with Gary Senft" YouTube channel for some great bass tips and tricks.
Ready to hit the water and in need of a license? Get one online, 24/7.


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Soul Waterman are offering a special spring limited edition of the 303, Funky Monkey and F Bomb. They have 5 of each in black up for sale.Continue reading
Soul Waterman are offering a special spring limited edition of the 303, Funky Monkey and F Bomb. They have 5 of each in black up for sale.Continue reading
Corran has been designing again. This is what a new Disco V2 could look like.
For those of you who weren't around at the time of the original Disco the boat really stepped things up in terms of what a small park and play kayak could do. Being based on the hull of the rule changing Riot Glide it had a head start on virtually all other small playboats out at the time.
So Corran is looking at a revamp of the old design, improving what wasn't quite right at the time and stepping things up yet another notch. Check out this initial design concept.
It is with sadness, that Soul Waterman has decided to move its production out of the USA. This decision is being made for several extremely practical reasons: we're in the boat building business and need to be able to produce our kayaks on time, to standard, at a reasonable price.
The recent trade war started by the president of the United states is resulting in retaliatory tariffs by several nations around the world. These are countries where Soul sells kayaks, and the tariff hikes are going to make our products uncompetitive in those markets; sales which combined make up more than half our total business. Given the international nature of our sales, we cannot afford 20%-30% price hikes on our products in these countries.
The Soul Waterman – Proton paddle is hitting production.
From Corran:
After some soul searching (pun intended) of our ultimate goals with the paddle line, we once more have the paddles ready to go. The biggest focus…. the main reason for delays… was making the paddles bomb proof. Like seriously strong. For this we decided to move the production to South Africa, one of the harshest environments you'll ever find for paddling equipment. If stuff lasts here, it'll last anywhere.
This new Soul Waterman 303 kayak looks like you would need wear safety gloves when you picked it up. This thing looks razor sharp.
Could this be my slicey boat for 2018? It reminds me a great deal of the Riot Glide/Slice with a modern twist.
Corran Addison's company Soul Waterman now officially owns Seven2 paddles. Way back when we had a few pairs of Seven2 paddles at Unsponsored HQ and were pretty impressed by them (even though they were all right handed).
Seven 2 are back with an initial 100pc run.
Corran Addison has some serious Ninja Plastic Welding skills. Here is what he did to a Soul Main Squeeze. A very impressive cut and shut.
One of my favorite boats of all time is the Dragorossi Squashtail. But it has some issues. First off – footroom. Ouch.
That inside rail is just in the wrong place and hurts like hell. Then the knees are too low, and the concave sidewall while awesome on a glassy wave, is hell on anything bouncy and bubbly.
So I took a Main Squeeze that didn't mold properly, and turned it into a new squashtail!!! I cut 5.5″ off the tail, and then pushed the tail volume considerably before welding it up.
Legend of the Falls is a Corran Addisons' video which aims to be "the definitive manual for anyone interested in either learning the basics of river running, or improving their creek boat skills".
Legend of the falls proved to be a sound investment. The video is split into a number of chapters, they are; River Communication with Arnd Schaeftlein, River Grading, Safety, Equipment, Understanding Rapids, Running technique – boofing etc and a section titled Dr Throwline.
We now have Corran Addison's End Game right here on Unsponsored. Big water, big moves and pre-GoPro.
Soul Waterman, the Canadian based company founded by Olympic kayaker Corran Addison, is announcing the first ever custom kayak design program the industry has ever seen.
"We're not talking about adding or cutting the seam a little to adjust volume," stated Corran. "This is a real bone fide custom designed kayak to each individuals needs."
Soul Waterman have two tandem kayak designs in their collection for 2017. The first is the Dos Amigos, Soul's take on the classic Topolino Duo. The second is the Terrible Two, which has been designed to get kids out on the water a little more easily.
Buy one of these:
and then convert it to one of these:
Corran Addison has recently released some images of the new power seat fitted within the also new Soul composite Super Sic playboat.
The power seat that was fitted to Riot kayaks back in the day (when Riot were good) was quite simply one of the best seats out there. If this new one is even half as good, it will be a winner.
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Centre of Jaina Studies Newsletter: SOAS - University of London
There is a dramatic genre called saṭṭaka ("a [short love] drama"), which is unique among the traditional plays, first of all in terms of its language. It was entirely written in Prakrit, and not alternating Sanskrit and Prakrit dialects, as most of the classical Indian plays. Five saṭṭakas, written between the 10th and the 18th centuries, have come down to us in manuscripts, each of them following the pattern of the very first representative of this genre: Rājaśekhara's Karpūramañjarī. In my thesis, defended in December 2017, entitled "Contribution à l'étude du genre saṭṭaka, pièces en langue prakrite: la Karpūramañjarī et ses successeurs," I investigated all theories about this genre and analysed the five extant plays themselves. This work was necessary, because the saṭṭaka has been defined on the basis of a very low number of criteria. Several studies have been published on some aspects of the Karpūramañjarī, but the other saṭṭakas have not yet been thoroughly analysed; what is more, most of them have not even been translated so far. Assessments were made mostly according to Viśvanātha's Sāhityadarpaṇa, considered as the theory of dramaturgy par excellence, and according to him, the saṭṭaka is an uparūpaka ("minor genre"), while most of theoreticians say that it is a rūpaka ("major genre"). In my thesis I tried therefore to elucidate doubtful points and give a solid framework on the following question: What is a saṭṭaka?
Although the name of this genre was known at the time of Kohala, a contemporary of Bharata (2nd-4th centuries), the first definition can be found in the prologue of the Karpūramañjarī of Rājaśekhara (9th-10th centuries). According to him, the saṭṭaka is a dramatic genre related to the nāṭikā ("a [short love] drama"), which are fouract romantic comedies, characterized by the use of many female characters, as well as dances, songs and music. However, according to the definition quoted by Rājaśekhara, the saṭṭaka omits the viṣkambhaka (a kind of interlude introducing the first act) and the praveśaka (a kind of interlude introducing each following act), two mandatory explanatory devices in the nāṭikā.
Dancing girl with musicians in the palace of the young prince Siddhārtha Gautama. Ajanta, 2nd century BCE (Photo: Melinda Fodor)
Five authors followed in Rājaśekhara's footsteps. Nayacandra Sūri, who lived in the 14th-15th centuries in Gwalior, even if he kept Sanskrit in his saṭṭaka for the speeches of high-ranked men, he wrote his Rambhāmañjarī on the model of the Karpūramañjarī. Mārkaṇḍeya, a 15th-16th century grammarian in Triveṇī, composed his Vilāsavatī, a saṭṭaka that we know only by the reference in his Prakrit grammar. The Candralekhā is the only work to have come to us from Rudradāsa who lived in Calicut in the 17th century. This play bears another title too: Mānaveda-carita. Viśveśvara Pāṇḍeya wrote his Śṛṅgāramañjarī in Kāśī in the 17th-18th centuries. Finally, Ghanaśyāma, minister of Tukojī I in the 18th century in Thanjavur, composed three saṭṭakas. Only the Ānandasundarī was passed down to us in manuscripts. In his works, Ghanaśyāma mentions the Vaikuṇṭha-carita, a saṭṭaka about Kṛṣṇa's life, and another untitled one.
It seems that the genre saṭṭaka existed before the Karpūramañjarī as a kind of nāṭikā, and except the omission of the two explanatory devices, it followed the rules of the Nāṭyaśāstra, including the multilingual rules of Indian Classical Theatre. The combination of several elements allowed Rājaśekhara to break away from the tradition of classical theatre and to replace multilingualism with monolingualism in his saṭṭaka. Rājaśekhara composed his Karpūramañjarī towards the end of his life, having acquired a certain renown, becoming a kavirāja ("the king of poets") free in his choices, independent of his patron. This play was commissioned by his wife, an expert in poetry, and not by a royal patron. The nāṭikā was very popular in his time. It has been scrupulously defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra, including the linguistic rules to be applied, and well known through Harṣa's plays; the tradition forced authors to keep strictly to the rules. On the other hand, as the saṭṭaka was neglected by theoreticians and poets, it was easier to introduce novelties. Bharata himself exempts authors from applying the multilinguistic rules of classical theatre, on condition that any discrepancy should be well founded.
Concerning Rājaśekhara's choice for Prakrit, he gives only a general answer [Karpūramañjarī I.07], designating his four literary languages, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Paiśācī and Apabhraṃśa, as being able to convey poetic expressions [cf. Kāvyamīmāṃsā III, VIII, Bālarāmāyaṇa I.11]. According to him, by the progressive evolution (pariṇāma) of the poet in poetic art, the latter manages to compose more and more beautiful expressions. Nevertheless, the true poetry emanates from the talent being capable of giving a particular aspect to its expressions (ukti-viśeṣa) [Karpūramañjarī I.07]. These can be only appreciated by an equally talented public who are able to relish in them [Kāvyamīmāṃsā IV]. Rājaśekhara, by applying the vṛttis ("phonetic styles") of Udbhaṭa and Rudraṭa, designates the Prakrit language soft by nature [Bālarāmāyaṇa I.11], and therefore the most appropriate to express love in the human world (āryāvarta) [Kāvyamīmāṃsā X].
The Karpūramañjarī provoked discussions, including its language. All, theoreticians and later authors of saṭṭakas, explained this choice of language by the sweetness of Prakrit, considered to be the most appropriate language for a love story. Apparently, the stanza I.08 of the Karpūramañjarī is a later addition expressing exactly this idea, based on Rājaśekhara's concept [Bālarāmāyaṇa I.11] mentioned above. The language of the Karpūramañjarī is called a-saṃskṛtaprākṛta ("not [alternating] Sanskrit and Prakrit"), ekabhāṣā ("one [homogeneous] language") or simply Prakrit. Some theoreticians tried to define its dialects and gave Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī and Māgadhī. Indeed, the Prakrit of Rājaśekhara, according to his Kāvyamīmāṃsā, incorporates these three grouped together by their common feature: the phonetic softness. Thus, the authors of the saṭṭakas do not follow the rules of the dramatic art that indicate the use of the Māhārāṣṭrī in the stanzas and Śaurasenī in prose. These two dialects, as well as others, are present in the saṭṭaka in a mixed form, either in prose or in verses; we call this language a "Literary Hybrid Prakrit".
Not only the language, but some scenes of the Karpūramañjarī also served as a model for later writers. Nevertheless, they have interpreted it in two ways that we call "typical" or "atypical" saṭṭaka. A typical saṭṭaka is the most faithful to the Karpūramañjarī. At the same time, it gets closer to the nāṭikā in some respect. The Candralekhā replaces the carcarī (a kind of popular dance) with a lāsyāṅga (a kind of song defined in classical Indian theatre) and omits the wrath and the vulgarity of the jester. The Śṛṅgāramañjarī borrows many passages from the works of Kālidāsa and also omits any vulgarity. On the other hand, an atypical saṭṭaka is not up to the pattern, wanting to surpass the Karpūramañjarī. The Rambhāmañjarī is a kind of pastiche, the beginning of which is the imitation of the Karpūramañjarī, the end is a musical show with many erotic scenes. Nayacandra Sūri explains this divergence by the example of the maturity of the mango, whose taste is flavourless at the beginning but sweet at the end. The Ānandasundarī is a comedy rather than a romantic play. Ghanaśyāma decomposed the Karpūramañjarī and used some of its elements in a crooked way. The novelties the authors introduce into their plays are strongly influenced by the literary, cultural and historical trends of their time.
The saṭṭaka is a hybrid genre of classical theatre (saṃkīrṇa-rūpaka), and not a minor one (uparūpaka). Firstly, it is related to the nāṭikā, which is a popular genre of soft type, a mixture of two major genres (rūpaka), the nāṭaka ("a [long heroic] drama") and the prakaraṇa ("a [long fictitious] drama"). Secondly, most theoreticians adhere to this concept and this is the most accurate classification. In their volume and complexity, the saṭṭaka and the nāṭikā stand fourth among classical dramatic genres. Finally, the saṭṭaka is intended for being recited (pāṭhya) and imitated (nāṭya) on stage, it is soaked with the rasa, the sāttvika ("natural") states are duly represented, and passages of diverse dances (nṛtya "dance with mimicry", nṛtta "pure dance") and songs are integrated into the play. Their structure corresponds to the theory of dramatic art, including visible and invisible preparations (pūrvaraṅga), prologue, acts, dramatic links, their subdivisions, and other structural elements. The two omitted explanatory devices are replaced by other dramatic elements. Their omission is not a characteristic of minor genres, as they are omitted in the satire (prahasana) too, which is one of Bharata's major genres.
Finally, the saṭṭaka has never been "popular" as the minor genres. The poetic language of these works is sophisticated and complex in accordance with the rules of poetic art. Poets' aim is to delight the spectator and gain a certain renown. The double meanings in Ānandasundarī and the philosophical discourses in Śṛṅgāramañjarī have not been designed for a modest audience. The language of the saṭṭakas, far removed from spoken languages and little cultivated in the circle of scholars versed in Sanskrit between the 10th and 18th centuries, make the composition, recitation and understanding of the text more difficult. It is for this reason that Rudradāsa stated that a saṭṭaka is the touchstone of experimented poets and actors. Ghanaśyāma expresses the same idea, when he confirms that only a true poet can compose a saṭṭaka. An ordinary audience would not have been able to enjoy a saṭṭaka.
Melinda Fodor completed her PhD at the EPHE, Paris (2017). Having specialized in Prakrit, Pali, Sanskrit, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit and classical Tibetan languages, her research fields include kāvya literature, alaṃkāra ("ars poetica") theories and Buddhist philosophy. She has been granted a Gonda Fellowship in Leyden (2018) where she will be working on a critical edition of Ghanaśyāma's Ānandasundarī.


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Month: March 2017
Darren Scott
March 30, 2017
Women Who Helped Build the World Around Us
Even in 2017, engineering is still thought of as a largely male-dominated industry. However, throughout history, there have been many women who have significantly contributed to various fields of engineering, while likely overcoming discrimination and social challenges to do so. To mark the end of Women's History month we've compiled a list of some of … Continue reading Women Who Helped Build the World Around UsMORE
Darren Scott
March 23, 2017
Major Project Focus
This month we're looking at the development of some exciting projects across the UK. You can scroll down to read through them and get in touch with our team for information on roles we're recruiting for. North London Stadium Work on Tottenham's new home at White Hart Lane is progressing well with construction accelerating noticeably … Continue reading Major Project FocusMORE
Darren Scott
March 22, 2017
CarmichaelUK awarded 5* RISQS Rating for third year running.
We are delighted to have been awarded another 5* rating in our recent RISQS audit which further reflects our commitment to providing the highest levels of candidate compliance. The Railway Industry Supplier Qualification Scheme is the single entry point for the rail industry and means suppliers must pass an annual audit in order to be recognised … Continue reading CarmichaelUK awarded 5* RISQS Rating for third year running.MORE
Darren Scott
March 13, 2017
CarmichaelUK shortlisted as Best Construction & Engineering Recruitment Agency
We were delighted to discover that we are a finalist for the Recruiter Awards 2017! The annual awards are the UK's largest of its kind, focused solely on the recruitment community and recognise outstanding achievements by agencies and in-house recruiters. The judging panel met earlier this month to compile the shortlist for each category, aiming … Continue reading CarmichaelUK shortlisted as Best Construction & Engineering Recruitment AgencyMORE
Darren Scott
March 8, 2017
Building a future for women in construction
At the end of last year, there were around 27 million people working across the UK. Of these, 13.6m were men, and 13.3m were women. However, the construction industry tells a very different story and doesn't enjoy the same 50/50 split. In December 2016 there were 2.3m people working in construction, only 296,000 of whom … Continue reading Building a future for women in constructionMORE
Darren Scott
March 6, 2017
An Introduction to Construction through Work Experience
As part of the initiative to introduce young women to the engineering industry, we have welcomed Scarlett Thompson to our offices. Scarlett is a first-year student at Amersham & Wycombe College where she is studying for a BTEC in Business Studies. Scarlett spent a week with us at the beginning of March and as part of her work … Continue reading An Introduction to Construction through Work ExperienceMORE
Darren Scott
March 3, 2017
At Update from Casper, our sponsored Hearing Dog
We last heard news of Casper in November last year when he was settling into life with his socialiser and doing well in his house training. Along with Jasmine, Casper is one of our sponsored pups at Hearing Dogs for Deaf People. Casper was born in August 2016. He is a black Labrador, one of the … Continue reading At Update from Casper, our sponsored Hearing DogMORE
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In heavily regulated industries where safety is paramount, and where inspections can - and do - happen at any time, visibility into an organisation's safety and compliance data is absolutely vital.
For US-based Merck & Co (MSD outside the United States) the new de facto standard for gaining visibility in its safety and regulatory department is to make the most of business process management tools and automation. This marks a stark contrast between the old and the new worlds at the once-nationalised American firm that over a hundred years ago was a subsidiary of the 351-year-old German business Merck.
Practically everything in pharmaceuticals eventually touches labelling and packaging, and it is these seemingly simple elements that are essential to the eventual safety of the products, for instance, updating products with the latest medical information. This is an ongoing process because life science and medicine is always evolving, as are the compliance regulations around it.
As a result Merck has been embarking on a major digital initiative around end-to-end labelling. Even with the emergence of digital technologies, most of the data concerning compliance was siloed in emails and spreadsheets, and so, groups of people would have to spend a lot of manual labour time combing over the final details of each product.
In verticals like pharmaceuticals it's fair to anticipate that when there's not an inspection happening in one part of the world, it's likely that there is in another, and so Merck has to always be diligent and inspection-ready.
Therefore, visibility across the end-to-end business process is becoming increasingly important. As Merck is a multinational, the complexity here is multiplied, and additional diligence is required.
Business process management tools from the vendors like the low-code platform Appian provide Merck with the means to build a visibility snapshot, as well as maintain end-to-end transparency and control, so that managers are able to get a clear view of changes to labelling data across the entire product suite.
"If you look at how big we are, and how many countries we're in, we're going through regulatory inspection probably twice a week, not just in this space but generally speaking, if you're a large pharma company, you're always under inspection," explained Chris Lee, VP of global regulatory affairs operations and quality management at Merck, speaking during the Appian World conference earlier this month in San Diego.
"That inspection typically ties back to your label, whether it's a manufacturing inspection, whether it's an inspection for a clinical trial, or a 'pharmacovigilance' inspection - it all comes back to a product label."
Now, when there is a change to the labelling, this can be easily inputted into the workflow management tool - so instead of back-and-forth exchanges via email the company can pull up a dashboard that it created and see what stage each product or trial is at, along with any events that might be impacting those.
Brexit, for instance, is adding uncertainty into everyone's supply chains and it's no secret that companies in virtually every sector are building in risk management in the event of a possible no deal Brexit, including advertising and labelling.
Another aspect is traceability, something the company addressed with a 'bi-directional' capability, so that the use of Appian's tools is not only top-down from headquarters. A country team can input data to Appian, headquarters will be able to approve that change, and then it will go out again through Appian.
Although time saved was not the only (or even main) metric for signing up with Appian, which is proving popular in the pharmaceutical space, Lee estimates that the tools have helped increase the capacity of the business process by "roughly 10 percent". Cycle time was reduced anywhere "between 30 to 40 percent", as an estimate.
Next, the company will likely use Appian to tie its data points together, across manufacturing, compliance, and commercial, as well as in life sciences and R&D.
"You're going to see Appian take off across the enterprise because there are other pockets of the organisation that use it," he says. "That's what we have to work towards - all of us in pharma - and one thing that I see with Appian is if you look at the drug development continuum, there's a lot of different disciplines: you've got physicians, you've got nurses, you've got scientists, you've got lawyers, regulatory people involved in that process.
Lee is now eying his next Appian project at the R&D level. "How do we tie our end-to-end submission process, through drug development, and then quickly getting it into a process and a format where we can do our submissions a lot more efficiently and hopefully right first time?" he asked.
Appian is already laying down the foundations as an orchestrator of robotic process automation (RPA) bots - so that firms can understand what automation processes it is running and where, trace back those processes, and ultimately decide how efficient they are being.
This could prove complex for heavily regulated companies. When robotics or automation enters the workforce, there is a large question hanging over responsibility and culpability: how can a regulator be sure that a bot has received the proper training? And which human takes responsibility for that?
"This is almost like a person, but it's not," says Lee. "What's going to happen when you replace a person with a bot? I could imagine sitting in an inspection situation where the inspector would say: how do you know that bot is trained? What's that bot's training record? How do you prove that bot is trained to do what you have it doing?
"We're thinking about it now, because as we progress, we're definitely going to have to answer those questions - as we start putting out more and more bots that cover more heavily regulated parts of our business, we're definitely going to have to be able to answer that question before we do that.
"The thing that excites me about what we're doing, and what Appian is doing, is that ability to actually almost wrangle the bots," he said, adding that it will be a major opportunity for Appian to make a possibly unwieldy digital workforce into a simplified process and gain control over that.
"That's a leading position there," Lee said, "where you could use the Appian tool to actually wrangle those bots, and keep track of what's happening as an orchestrator."


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RPE Evaluation
The student will give an oral presentation in which they will summarize their work and then answer questions from the RPE committee on their research outcomes and related work. The student will be evaluated on their research accomplishments, the written report, their oral presentation, and on their answers to questions. It is recommended that presentation be scheduled for two hours.
The RPE examination, like the PhD thesis proposal defense, should be chaired by a member of the research faculty of the department external to the supervisory committee of the student. The examination has three phases. Members of the examination committee may question the candidate in either or both of the first two phases.
- In Phase I, the student gives a talk, of an approximately twenty-minute duration, which is open to all members of the department. The Chair then calls upon each member of the RPE committee to question the candidate, and invites questions from the audience.
- In Phase II, the Chair asks everyone other than the student and the RPE committee to leave the room so that the candidate can be examined in a closed session. The Chair then calls upon each member of the RPE committee to question the candidate. At the end of this phase the Chair asks the student to leave the room.
- In Phase III, the committee deliberates on the student's performance and reaches a pass/fail decision. The chair then invites the student in and communicates the committee's decision. The Chair's report should be sent to the examination committee, the student, the Graduate Program administrator, and the Chair of the Graduate Affairs Committee. In the event of a failure, the reasons for failure must be clearly stated in the Chair's report.
The options open to students who fail the RPE depend on whether they are PhD Track students or PhD students.
The Chair should send a report via email to the examination committee, the student, the Graduate Program administrator, and the Associate Head of Graduate Affairs containing the following information:
- The type of exam (RPE) and the name of the student
- Date, time, and location of the proposal
- A list of committee members including the supervisor(s), the chair of the exam and which member was present.
- The outcome (as laid out in the document: approved, failed but repeat, or failed and needs to withdraw)
- Any feedback you feel like should be in there for posterity.
PhD Students
A PhD student who fails the RPE has the option of retaking it if both
(i) the RPE committee recommends that the student be given a second chance, and
(ii) the student can find an alternate supervisor to guide them through the RPE a second time.
The second attempt at the RPE must be completed (including the oral presentation) within 8 months of the first attempt. A student who does not pass the RPE must leave the PhD program.
PhD Track Students
Upon successful completion of the RPE, a PhD Track student is placed in our PhD program. A PhD student who decides not to do the RPE, or does not pass the RPE, can remain in the MSc program. In this case, research completed as part of the RPE can be used as part of the Master's thesis / essay, with the approval of the supervisor(s).


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I used the Xpan and shot at box speed (ASA 50), figuring that this old Velvia (the original Velvia) would develop nearly the same as new, since other rolls from the batch had done so. But no such luck. The film was severely faded and gained a strong red cast. I did my best in scanning to bring out the original image, but these slides were just too far gone.
So now they're here for you to learn from my mistake, since I certainly won't.


text: With a particular dusky soulfulness, Paula West has captured the hearts of critics and audiences alike from coast to coast. Known and respected for her creative and distinct repertoire, West adds her own depth and drama to whichever song she chooses for the moment, creating whole new frameworks of meaning for American favorites. Without fail, the songs come from a place of sincerity. "In the end" she explains, "it's just getting the story across. To me, the words are the most important thing. "As New York Times' Margo Jefferson writes in her liner notes, "Ms. West never forces anything. She is rhythmically fluid and she knows just where to alter a melody but there are none of the embellishments that show off the voice, bury the song and leave the heart untouched".


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- oprreportsAsked on March 10, 2017 at 08:45 AM
Very excited, glad you are on board the eWay train!
However, all this excitement and it doesn't show up as a payment option yet! What a tease.
This is a re-post of a comment on New Integration: Simplify Online Payments with eWAY and JotForm
- JotForm SupportJeanetteAnswered on March 10, 2017 at 12:04 PM
Thank you for your comments. Eway is already listed at Payments menu
- VP of MarketingchadAnswered on March 10, 2017 at 12:38 PM
@oprreports We're excited too! Thanks for the comment. We should have made it easier yesterday to access eWAY right when we announced it, but it should be good now. Hope you enjoy the integration!


text: Spinal wellness is an essential element in your comfort and posture. Receive a physiotherapy treatment that includes spinal cording and vibration detox among other therapies, helping you achieve holistic physical and physiological wellness which ultimately contributes to a more rejuvenated and better performing body. Complement the treatment with a bio-electro therapy that helps relieve stiff muscles and various pains.


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White House Principal Deputy Press Secretary Raj Shah has confirmed that Sadler has left her job "within the Executive Office of the President," but it remains unclear whether her departure was related to her imprudent remark on McCain's terminal illness.
White House confirms that aide Kelly Sadler, who said "he's dying anyway" of Sen John McCain R-AZ, is out of a job pic.twitter.com/ETHFfMqxxr— Jamie Dupree (@jamiedupree) 5 июня 2018 г.
Some media reports suggest that Sadler was pushed out of her position because she had accused White House Strategic Communications Director Mercedes Schlapp of being the one who leaked her comments to the media.
Trump aide who decried McCain as "dying anyway" is out. But it's not due to what she said. It's because she accused her boss of leaking it in days of fights over the leak. Trump did not want apology from the White House — nor to fire her for saying it.— Josh Dawsey (@jdawsey1) 5 июня 2018 г.
Two unnamed sources told the Daily Beast that Sadler's accusations made Schlapp furious, and shortly after a private staff meeting, she referred to her as a "b*tch." Schlapp, however, denied the claims, saying that she has never used "that word to describe anyone on the White House staff."
Two sources tell The Daily Beast that, following the now-infamous Trump comms team meeting in the Oval Office about leaks, Mercedes Schlapp referred to Kelly Sadler as "a bitch" when describing the meeting to others. https://t.co/rs0HmPS2SJ— Kyle Griffin (@kylegriffin1) 30 мая 2018 г.
As the scandal has been in the limelight for nearly a month now, many social media users were relieved to learn that Sadler finally left her job:
It's about time. She should have been fired immediately after she said it. I hate that she tried to turn this reprehensible act into a leak scandal. She should never get work again. Senator McCain is a better man and deserves so much more respect.— Danielle Wallace (@StarTrekFan2015) 6 июня 2018 г.
Kelly Sadler (on John McCain): It doesn't matter. He's dying anyway.— JRehling (@JRehling) 5 июня 2018 г.
It doesn't matter what you think, Kelly. You're fired anyway.
6 июня 2018 г.
6 июня 2018 г.
Some didn't understand what Raj Shah meant by saying that Sadler was "no longer employed within the Executive Office of the President":
"Kelly Sadler is no longer employed within the Executive Office of the President"— Like, Enormously Consensual (@Snowhawk04) 6 июня 2018 г.
So, did they just move her to the office of the vice president?
Others went with the version that while she was dismissed, it wasn't for the insensitive barb:
She got fired for accusing her boss, Mercedes Schlapp, of being a leaker.— Carson Stanwood (@carsonstanwood) 5 июня 2018 г.
Not for the McCain remark.
Rumor has it @kellysadler45 was fired for accusing her boss @mercedesschlapp for being the wh leaker. ms evidently called her the b-word and axed her. So accusing is more offensive than making vile statements. Sounds about right for @realDonaldTrump dumpster fire.— DREW (@ALLCAPSTWEETX) 6 июня 2018 г.
Commenting on Sadler leaving her job, ex-White House Communications Director Anthony Scaramucci told CNN that "someone had it out for" her.
"Someone had it out for Kelly Sadler. Because that was a sorry joke. It's an unforgivable statement – I'm not here suggesting the statement was OK – but what I am suggesting as someone that's run a pretty decent corporation, that when you're sitting inside the inner sanctum and somebody says something like that, to run outside the sanctum and rat on that person – I think that's a terrible thing to do to the person," he said.
Her comments came as McCain, who was diagnosed with late-stage brain cancer last year and lived through years of captivity during the Vietnam War, refused to vote for Haspel, emphasizing that she is not fit to lead the Central Intelligence Agency because of her "disturbing role on overseeing the use of torture by Americans."
READ MORE: McCain's Daughter on WH Aide's Remark: 'It's Not How You Die, It's How You Live'
Immediately after the incident, White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders blasted the staff, with some alleging that she was more upset with the leak than the remark itself.


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