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I've always worn two hats as a teacher and writer.
As a teacher of writing and of public speaking, I specialize in helping my students and clients speak and write from the heart. Truly figuring out what you want to write or say is both harder and easier than it sounds--harder because it takes lots of revision and patience, but easier because you don't realize how hard you're working when it's something you truly want to express!
I've also taught a range of writing and speaking courses, including business communications for MBAs. I think of myself as simultaneously supportive and demanding.
Another passion is creating writing-and-speaking centers for business schools. The New York Times covered my "audience dog" program (which pairs patient pooches with panicked presenters) with both an article by Nicholas Fandos in EdLife and A.J. Chavar's video which to date has had 2.2 million views. Fandos has gone on to cover the Trump administration with regular front-page stories, but we all know without the dogged investigative experience gained by covering Copper and the other dogs of American University he wouldn't be where he is today.
The successful business communications center that I created and directed at American University was written up in BizEd, the magazine for business school deans. I've consulted with the b-schools of the University of Hartford, Virginia Commonwealth University, and University of Denver on how to improve their students' writing & speaking.
As a writer, I've published poems and essays in dozens of literary journals. My commentaries have aired on several different public radio shows.
A. J. Chavar's delightful video about our audience dog program is among the most popular New York Times videos of 2016. Contains footage and stills by the very talented Jason Brandon.
Talking with a faculty member after an "assignment makeover" workshop for the faculty of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Business.


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Academy graduate speaks at length
Royals goalkeeper Alex McCarthy has become our first player in the Academy era to be called up to the full England squad, and he spoke at length to the official website about his development, joining Roy Hodgson's squad and much, much more.
Discuss the best season in the Academy's history with the hashtag #AcademyWeek.
First of all how did you find out about the call-up?
I was in London doing a bit of shopping, I got a text to say I'd been selected and then five minutes later I got a call from the FA to confirm. I was with Chris Gunter, getting some clothes for holidays that I've now cancelled! I still bought a couple of pairs of shorts though!
Were you expecting it in any way?
No, I was only hoping. I've been out injured and not played that many games. I'm over the moon, it's a dream come true. Growing up you want to play for your country and now I've got that chance I'm going to take it. The phone didn't stop!
Did you imagine it, coming to Reading at 16?
It's a long way ahead at 16! Obviously you're trying to make a name for yourself, but for me to have come on and get there is unbelievable. When I look back a year ago, I'd been out on loan quite a lot, but then coming back to Reading at the end of last season and playing at the start of this season, then getting and injured and I've only played 13 Premier League games, so I'm over the moon.
We spoke to Eamonn and he was very keen to mention how many people have helped your development.
Yes, Colin Barnes, Steve Smith, Sal Bibbo, I always knew it was a great club but as I've progressed they've all been a massive part to me. Eamonn, Sal, Steve, Colin, I still speak to them a lot, they help me and without them I couldn't have done it.
And every manager has to help as well.
Yes, I have a lot to thank them for. Brian gave me my chance and my Premier League debut so I have a lot to thank him for, then the new gaffer has put me back in and stuck with me so I've got a lot of people to thank.
You must be absolutely delighted with your form. Sky were showing footage of your recent saves, and save after save, you've got to be pretty pleased with the way it's gone in the last couple of weeks?
Yeah, definitely. Coming back after the injury, normally it would take me one or two games to get back into the flow if things, but as soon as I went in for the Liverpool game, it's sort of taken off from there. I couldn't have wished for a better start to come back to. From playing at the start of the season I obviously got injured, I'd had a taste of Premier League football. Originally they said I was going to be out for the season so to come back early was massive for me. That sort of helped me get through my rehab, knowing that I wanted to play in the Premier League and that I wanted to get back there as quick as possible. My shoulder feels a lot stronger than it did before, that was a big boost for me, and coming back early was unbelievable. It was difficult, because I hadn't had a major injury before, that was the biggest one I'd had. Being in the gym for two a half or three months was horrible. Usually I'd be out on the pitch every day. But the medical staff here are excellent, Sal was excellent, and I got back quickly thanks to them.
How will you feel on your first day training with England?
I can't wait! I'd rather it was soon, I'll tick over with Sal at Hogwood before meeting up. I know some of the lads from the 21s so I won't be going into it without knowing anyone.
It's a very proud moment for the Academy, we've had many internationals but we're an English club so England is extra special?
Definitely. Lots of other boys have done well but England is a dream come true. There's a lot of younger lads in the Academy who are English and it gives them hope as well, hopefully there will be a few more to follow.
And the goalies here just keep getting better!
We're blessed here with good goalkeepers but that comes down to the training we do and the work from Sal, Colin, Steve, all the goalkeeping coaches are tight and know what needs to be done. We're lucky and have a great bunch of keepers.
How do you park mistakes and shift on and make sure it doesn't affect you?
As you grow up you learn to deal with it more. When I was younger, after making mistakes, you'd dwell on it, be thinking about it. But as I've grown up and played more games I've got used to it – if you make a mistake, obviously the best way to deal with it is to totally forget about it, because otherwise you can let it affect the rest of your game. It's so easy to say that, but it's only human nature that something like that would be niggling away at you in the back of your mind. That's what sets you guys apart I think. I've learned over the years how to do it. I'm very close to my family and I speak to my Dad a lot about it. After you've made that mistake you need to get it out of your head, otherwise it will affect the rest of your game. So as soon as I've made a mistake, that's it, gone. You can always reassess it after game with Sal, but that's the best way.
It's Ireland first, one to look forward to?
Yes, we were there for the play-off final two years ago which was disappointing but there with England will be unbelievable.
It's Ireland first, one to look forward to?
Yes, we were there for the play-off final two years ago which was disappointing but there with England will be unbelievable.
Then Brazil away, you couldn't have picked two better games!
Yes, and it's come at the right time. There's lots of ups and downs in football but this has to be one of the biggest highs. I've been to Brazil as a kid but to go and play there will be unbelievable.
How do you reflect on this season?
Very disappointing to have gone down. We're looking to come straight back though. For me, it's been difficult, not playing at the start, coming in and getting injured, then back in, but I'm through it and looking forward to the future.
But things are positive going forward.
Yes, you can all see that. Every manager has a philosophy and he's got us playing football. We look confident, we're creating chances and look back to Fulham when we battered them. Even against City we dominated so the club is on an up. Lots of teams in the Prem look to play out from the back so it's a big part of things for a goalkeeper as well.
You were a bit of a cricketer when you were younger weren't you?
When I was younger I played cricket, Surrey boys. I was a wicket keeper. I played football, cricket and golf, and then as I grew older, cricket slid away and I stuck with football and golf. Then I went down the football route.
And then the golf?
I play off six. That's the lowest I've got. When you're at that handicap, it's hard to stay there if you're not playing regularly because you lose your short game. But also I'm a fair weather golfer, and I only ever play when it's nice. But now my shoulder is back strong, I'll start getting back into it.

subset: commoncrawl


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EXCLUSIVE: France's Wide has secured a raft of deals on Indian gay love story Loev.
Writer-director Sudhanshu Saria's feature debut has been sold to Italy (The Open Reel) and Poland (Film Village) on top of previously announced sales to Germany (Pro Fun Media), Taiwan (Swallow Wings) and Estonia (Menufilmid).
The film made its world premiere in the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival's inaugural Tridens First Features Competition, is screening at the SXSW fest and set for its UK premiere at the BFI Flare London LGBT Film Festival next week.
"More than being an Indian art house film or an LGBT film, this is a romance that works beyond those two niches and Wide's careful sales strategy reflects that," said Saria.
"They want to identify buyers that love the film and finding love always takes a little bit more time."
"Given the political situation in India around LGBT rights, people are naturally curious about Loev and that's a real asset to our distributors when it comes to standing out in their local markets without spending too much," noted producer Arfi Lamba.
"The moment our German distributors mentioned their theatrical date, their national broadcaster was already requesting interviews."


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The Marketing Senior Manager, General Medicine, Value Strategy & Marketing will support the development and delivery of the value marketing strategy for omecamtiv mecarbil in heart failure. They will lead the development of tools and resources to communicate the disease burden, clinical efficacy and safety, and economic value messages to gain coverage with formulary decision-makers, and support value-based initiatives.
Key job responsibilities will include:
Preferred Qualifications


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Double Chocolate Zucchini Muffins
This post may contain affiliate links. Please read my disclosure policy.
I knew when I made these zucchini squares that I didn't quite get all the zucchini baked goods out of my system. I knew there was a decadent chocolatey version that HAD to happen.
Well I love these double chocolate zucchini muffins for two main reasons: 1) they are double chocolate, duh; 2) they have zucchini in them so you don't feel super guilty eating them any time of day.
And if you think these can't get any better, my kids gobbled these up like nobody's business.
Watch me make them in the video above, or check out the recipe below! Honestly, you guys have never had a better zucchini muffin. THESE are moist, decadent, so fudgey, and insanely delish.
Double Chocolate Zucchini Muffins
- Prep Time: 10 mins
- Cook Time: 30 mins
- Total Time: 40 mins
- Yield: 12 1x
The best recipe for double chocolate zucchini muffins! They're moist, decadent, and insanely delicious!!
- 1 large zucchini, grated (about 1 cup after ou squeeze the liquid out)
- 1/3 cup natural almond butter
- 1/3 cup agave nectar
- 2 eggs
- 1/4 cup salted grass-fed butter
- 1/3 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
- 1/2 cup blanched almond flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- two pinches sea salt
- 1/2 cup 60% cacao dark chocolate chips
- Preheat your oven to 350F.
- Grate the zucchini into a clean, thin dish towel.
- Keep it in the towel and place it in a strainer in the sink.
- In your bowl, whisk together the almond butter, agave nectar, eggs, and butter.
- Add the cocoa, almond flour, baking powder, and sea salt.
- Whisk to combine.
- Add in the chocolate chips.
- Squeeze any excess liquid from the zucchini and place the shredded zucchini into the bowl. Fold everything together.
- Line the muffin tins with papers and fill each tin almost all the way.
- Bake for 30 minutes and remove from the oven.
- Let stand in the tins for about 5 minutes before transferring them to a cooling rack.
Serving (1 muffin): Calories 210; Fat 15.1g (Sat 5.8g); Protein 4.9g; Carb 18.2g (net carb 14.6); Fiber 3.6g; Sodium 90mg
Enjoy!! xo


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We are aware of the boat in the parking lot, and are working towards a resolution. We have identified the persons responsible, and we are working with Glenwood Springs Police on a resolution. Please be patient, as this process make take some time. Thanks for your understanding.
Abandoned Boat
July 17, 2019 by


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Foundation Series Micronized Creatine Review
ⓘ Top10Supps may receive a portion of revenues if you buy something using a link on this page. Read our disclosure page for more details.
Contents of this Article
Check out our Best Creatine Supplements List
Building great muscles is often a hard task that requires a strong approach and a variety of supplements. One of the most beneficial of these supplements is creatine monohydrate. This item is one of the most reliable and trustworthy in the world. Many different companies create their variation on it that must be considered before purchase.
One of the most popular of these is Bodybuilding.com's Foundation Series Micronized Creatine. Anyone interested in this formula should understand what they get with it and whether or not it is worth their money. As not all creatine products are made alike, it is important to have a full grasp of what you get with each and why they are worth considering.
What Is It?
Bodybuilding.com Micronized Creatine is a muscle-building supplement that is designed to increase your muscle growth, improve your energy levels, avoid workout fatigue, and help boost your overall hydration levels. Its only ingredient is micronized creatine monohydrate, making it one of the most concentrated form of this product on the market. But what is creatine and how can it help you?
Creatine is a naturally-occurring element that generates in the body when you exercise. It works to heal your muscles after wear and increases muscle mass. Though you can get small amounts of it in foods like red meat, the body is usually stuck with what you can produce.
Unfortunately, those with low creatine levels may struggle to build their muscle mass. However, adding creatine monohydrate to your body increases the volume of this item quickly.
Unlike steroid replacement, which can cause your body to stop creating essential chemicals, creatine monohydrate will not replace your natural creatine production. Instead, it will enhance and supplement it to make it even more useful.
That's why an increasing number of body builders are turning from more controversial muscle-building supplements and embracing this one. They are afraid of the negative side effects that many steroid muscle-builders create. However, they are also happy with how easy it is to use creatine supplements like this one.
How Easy is It to Use
This product is very easy to use and can be integrated into a variety of dietary schedules. All you have to do is mix one scoop of it into your favorite drink. As it is tasteless, it won't change the color of the flavor of your drink.
That said, there might be a slight medical taste to it. Generally, it isn't hard to ingest. Make sure to mix it in at least 8-12 ounces of liquid for the best result. Mixing it in any less will make it a little too thick and hard to drink.
What drink does it go with best? Water is an excellent choice, particularly if you want to hydrate before an exercise routine. However, it also mixes well with fruit juice and even soda. The number of times you take it during the day will vary depending on your needs.
Most people can probably get by with just one scoop a day. This level should be more than enough to boost your muscle gain. This level of creatine dosage is known as maintenance and is suggested for those who have already been working out regularly.
However, if you are looking for serious muscle gain, you can take 20 grams per day. This dosing schedule requires taking one scoop in the morning, afternoon, and evening. It also requires another scoop just before going to bed. Doing this for about five days will enrich your muscles with creatine. As a result, you can see results very quickly.
Is It Effective?
The best way to gauge the effectiveness of this product is to take a look at the online reviews. Creatine supplements have already been found to improve muscle mass, so the science behind it is solid. And the reviews of this product are just as strong. On the Bodybuilding.com website, it receives a 9.3 out of 10 from nearly 300 confirmed customers.
One aspect consistently praised is its value. Most people found that the amount you got in each container made the price more than fair. They also favorably compared the cost of the product with the results. One reviewer went so far as to suggest it was a "must have" for any bodybuilder's arsenal of muscle products.
Judging by the overwhelming number of positive reviews, it is safe to say that this is an effective creatine supplement. The biggest thing that separates it from other products of its type is the cost-value. In fact, it is among the least expensive creatine supplements of its kind on the market.
The Value for Your Money
So how much does this item cost? A 500-gram container costs $10 and holds 100 five-gram servings. As a result, you are paying just $0.10 per serving. As you should only need one serving of this creatine per day (nless on a loading schedule), you are paying for 100 days of supplements.
The only deal better than that is to invest in the 1,000-gram container. It contains 200 five-gram servings for just $15.27. When you break it down the cost per serving, this is just about $0.08. That is just $0.08 per serving for nearly a whole year of creatine supplements.
The overall quality of this product, when compared to its price, is rather high. The positive reviews found on multiple websites, combined with the scientifically-backed proof of creatine's effectiveness, makes this item a solid addition to any bodybuilder's home.
However, it is not without its flaws, which are worth considering alongside its positive attributes. While these negatives are not enough to ruin the effectiveness of this item, they should be considered before purchase.
Pros and Cons
The most obvious pro of this product is its low price. That has been discussed heavily already, and it is something that shouldn't be ignored. Anyone who is interested in trying out creatine should consider this product. In many ways, it gives them the best cost-value of any creatine product on the market.
Another major bonus of this product is its concentrated nature. Other types of creatine often come with other supplemental items that dilute its effectiveness. This product is nothing but pure micronized creatine. As a result, it is fair to say that you will get a fair and balanced dose of this product.
A con that may drive some away from this product is its taste-free nature. Some people enjoy the taste of flavored creatine and enjoy mixing it to create different types of drinks. While not exactly a deal-breaker, this is an important consideration for those who like their creatine supplements with a unique taste. Keep that in mind before purchasing this supplement.
Final Thoughts
Bodybuilding.com's Foundation Series Micronized Creatine is a solid entry in the world of creatine supplements. Anyone who is interested in building muscles with creatine should take a look at it. While it isn't perfect for everybody, its cost-value is high, and its effectiveness has been shown by the variety of very satisfied customers.
So who should try this creatine product? Its low price makes it a good choice for those who can't afford high-cost bulk powders. However, it also makes a nice addition to the home of any serious muscle builder. While more costly supplements may be more effective, this one will do the job by increasing your muscle mass and improving your exercise efficiency.
Leave a Comment
About the Author
Rick Grimes is the administrator and editor on top10supps.com. He is a former D1 athlete, and a current fitness nut with over 10+ years in the health and fitness industry. After getting his bachelors degree he became devoted to contributing accurate, concise and research-based information to the bodybuilding industry. When he's not researching supps, you can find him on Twitter & Quora giving back to the community. Feel free to contact Rick with any questions.


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GEM Recommends:
Pantene Truly Relaxed, Truly Natural
Hot Hair News and I'm thrilled to bring it to you!
Many of you who've followed Good Enough Mother know my story; after years and years of using chemicals to straighten my hair, I decided to go natural, a decision that was hastened when my over-processed hair fell out after a brief illness. I've taken you along on my journey of hair and self-discovery and now I can add one more great find to the mix.
Pantene asked me recently to review a new line of product they've introduced for African American hair, but here's the really cool part; it's NOT your typical "one-size-fits-all", in fact, not even close. They have introduced two lines, one for women with chemically relaxed hair, the other for naturals like me.
Pantene sent me three of the five products in their new line for women with naturally curly hair; Clarifying Shampoo, Deep Conditioner and the Defining Curls Custard. I'm always excited to give new products a try, so that's what I did.
19 Comments
Ok, gonna try this Rene. I have the same issues, naturally curly in back and sides, my fragile part is at the top and thin, front hair line is like back just not as curly. Confusing huh? Wouldn't do it any other way. I used Pantene when my hair was relaxed.
No, I do not like this product. I like their original product for woman of color Pantene has. This product is inferior to the other product. I had to buy 12 bottles of the original online because it appears they are replacing this with the above.


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LOLC Group is one of the biggest conglomerates in Sri Lanka. They have rapidly evolved into being one of the biggest non-banking financial institutions in the country.
LOLC was experiencing major issues related to page load times for their in-house developed core banking system. Since their core system worked with associated heterogeneous systems which had been developed over the last 25 years, infrastructure monitoring and management turned out to be quite complicated.
By implementing Oracle Management Cloud (OMC), LOLC was able to quickly identify the problems and reduce page load times from 50 seconds to just 2 seconds. Following this success, they are now adopting Security Monitoring and Analytics (part of OMC) to gain insight into their banking application performance and security by leveraging the built-in Artificial Intelligence capabilities of OMC.
Watch this video to hear Prasanna Siriwardena, CIO of Financial Services at LOLC Technologies, talk about his experience with Oracle Management Cloud helping them create an unified platform for security and system operations management.
To learn how Oracle Cloud Platform can help your organization with systems management and other needs, visit oracle.com/paas.


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This page contains information about the identifiers and credentials that are needed to send notifications from Procountor. The following picture illustrates the various different channels for different kinds of information:
Incomes Register certificate
Incomes Register certificate is needed when sending salary notifications (earnings payment report and employer's separate report) in 2019. These notifications concern only salaries and travel expenses.
More information about the certificate:
- Certificate for reporting to the Incomes Register (Procountor's manual)
- Certificate (The Finnish Tax Administration)
Katso credentials
Katso credentials are used to send notifications about value added taxes and other self-assessed taxes. Katso credentials are also used to send the income tax return for the year 2018.
Katso credentials can be saved to Procountor – this way they don't have to be entered every time when sending the notification.
Katso credentials are used with Procountor's technical interface until further notice.
Suomi.fi e-Authorizations
If a specific notification can't be sent from Procountor, it must be sent to the receiver's own service (for example the Incomes Register or MyTax). There are several different methods to log in to these services: bank identifiers, mobile ID and certificate card. If necessary, the user must have Suomi.fi e-Authorization in order to make the notifications.
The website of Suomi.fi contains more information about e-Authorizations.
Suomi.fi e-Authorizations are used in situations where the accounting office does not have a direct linkage to the Finnish Tax Authorization from their program in use (compared to Procountor). In these situations, the notifications are sent through the receivers' own services (for example MyTax or Ilmoitin.fi). Suomi.fi e-Authorizations are therefore not going to be used with Procountor later either.
Making notifications after 2019
Changes to the technical interfaces are underway by the Finnish Tax Administration: the Katso credentials will be going out of use in the future. However, the Katso credentials are in use for the time being. For the foreseeable future the new identifying method under development is going to be similar to the Incomes Register certificate.
Information about making notifications and the changes to it can be sought from the website of the Finnish Tax Administration.
More information about the upcoming changes and their effects on Procountor will be announced as soon as official and reliable information about the changes is available.


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This is the blog which updates the books "Information Literacy meets Library 2.0" (2008) and "Information Literacy beyond Library 2.0' (2012)
Thursday, 15 May 2008
Having fun doing a Webinar!
Recently I was invited by RSC London to do a presentation called "Information Literacy : making it happen". To my surprise I discovered it was going to be a Webinar delivered live on the Web using Wimba Classroom! A"Classroom" was booked by RSC London on the Wimba site for the specific timeslot and invitations went out to interested parties to point their browser at the site at the relevant time. Headphones were obligatory, and microphone optional. I presented the Powerpoint at 2.15 and at intervals invited spoken or written chat responses. It is certainly a different experience speaking online and it is only when the chat appears on the screen or the participants speak that it really comes to life. It became quite lively and was an enjoyable experience and I look forward to experimenting with it here at University of Bedfordshsire as it can integrate with Blackboard.
Posted by Peter Godwin at 08:00
Labels: webconferencing
1 comment:
- Unknown said...
I thought the webinar was quite enjoyable and intersting for sharing ideas
Tom Ash
Croydon College
- 16 May 2008 at 06:59
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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December 6, 2002, Section A, Page 33Buy Reprints
U Ne Win, the longtime Burmese strongman who seized control of his country in a military coup in 1962 and set up an authoritarian government that transformed his homeland, once one of the most prosperous parts of the British Empire, into one of the world's poorest nations, died yesterday. He was 81.
Mr. Ne Win died at in his lakeside villa near the capital, Yangon, under house arrest and with only his eldest daughter, Sandar Win, by his side, The Associated Press reported, quoting family members.
His two other children are abroad, his wife lives separately, and his three grandsons and son-in-law -- Ms. Sandar Win's husband -- are in jail, sentenced to death for plotting a coup against the military junta. Mr. Ne Win was placed under house arrest in March, when the men were jailed.
Mr. Ne Win (pronounced nay win) was an army general when he and the military men around him overthrew an elected government in 1962. He soon managed to smother democracy in Burma, which was renamed Myanmar in 1989. He jailed hundreds of political leaders without trials, and he swiftly replaced Parliament with a military dictatorship.
His rule continued for more than a quarter of a century, until a nationwide spasm of mass democracy demonstrations in 1988 led to its collapse. Later that year came the formation of a new and even more repressive military junta, the State Law and Order Restoration Council, and there were recurrent reports that Mr. Ne Win still exercised power behind the scenes.
D. R. Sar Desai, of the University of California at Los Angeles, wrote in a 1997 book, ''Southeast Asia: Past and Present,'' that despite the official changes after 1988, ''authority remained, at least for the next two years, in the hands of General Ne Win.''
Mr. Ne Win ruled under various titles, including president from 1974 to 1981.
He and his advisers framed a drastic program, ''the Burmese Way to Socialism,'' which nationalized trade and industry and expelled Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs. Rice exports, a key sector of the once-prosperous economy, lagged. Black marketeers flourished. By 1968, there was widespread corruption. Although some economic measures were more successful in later years, resentment of government economic policies help lead to the demonstrations of 1988.
In foreign affairs, the Ne Win government pursued isolationist policies, even though it paid a price in lost foreign investment. Intensely xenophobic and anticolonialist policies also resulted in lost cultural contact with other countries.
By late 1974, the economy was in such a perilous state that the Ministry of Planning and Finance, despite the earlier isolationism, was seeking international economic aid. This effort was so avid that the radio of the outlawed Burma Communist Party, broadcasting from China, called it ''the ministry of begging.''
Mr. Ne Win's work methods were sometimes eccentric. He accepted policy advice from numerologists and astrologers. Like many of his fellow citizens, he thought that nine and multiples of nine were lucky numbers, and it is said that as a result, his country's currency came to be printed in denominations of 45 and 90. He was also known for enjoying his leisure, and he often made vacation trips to Europe.
But he remained intent on dominating his compatriots. As Tillman Durdin, a New York Times correspondent and expert on Asia, wrote in a 1966 book, ''Southeast Asia,'' Mr. Ne Win was ''a husky, hot-tempered, quick-witted martinet driven as much by a strong taste for discipline as by personal ambition.'' Mr. Durdin said he ''regards the type of socialism he practices as a means mostly of organizing and controlling Burmese society, rather than developing it to meet the challenge of a radically changing world.''
Mr. Ne Win's coup in 1962 ousted U Nu, the magnetic and popular prime minister who led the Burmese through 12 of the first 15 years after their country became independent in 1948. For years, while Mr. Ne Win and his military associates maintained their grip, Mr. Nu urged the re-establishment of multiparty democracy. He died in 1995.
And yet a lingering craving for democracy played a major role in ending Mr. Ne Win's rule, after the student demonstrations in 1988 touched off a mostly peaceful democracy uprising that plunged the country into chaos.
Eventually the army intervened and killed hundreds of people while crushing the uprising. The country came to be ruled by a new military junta, which is now headed by Gen. Than Shwe. Today, four decades after the coup, the military still pervades almost every part of Burmese society, all levels of government and every sector of the economy.
Mr. Ne Win formally retired in 1988.
The years after the 1988 upheavals were eventful. In 1989, the new junta put the leading pro-democracy leader, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, under house arrest, but her party won 80 percent of the contested seats in a parliamentary election in 1991. The military government annulled that balloting, but she won the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to return democracy to her homeland.
Power, either acknowledged or behind the scenes, was not Mr. Ne Win's by birthright. He was born on May 24, 1911, in the Prome District north of the capital, the son of a relatively low-ranking government official. He was named Shu Maung, meaning ''the apple of one's eye.'' He went to schools in the district and studied two years at Rangoon University, leaving in 1931 without a degree.
He went on to hold a postal job in Rangoon, now Yangon, while working in a militant nationalist organization and became active in the independence movement. In 1941, he was one of 30 of its members who traveled to an island off China for secret military training by the Japanese.
He took a new name, Ne Win, meaning ''brilliant as the sun,'' and became an officer in the new Burma Independence Army, whose chief of staff was Gen. Aung San, who came to be idolized by the Burmese. Aung San, the father of Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi, was assassinated in 1947.
When World War II spread to Asia late in 1941, Mr. Ne Win returned to Burma. As Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi wrote decades later of her father's troops, ''the march of the B.I.A. into Burma alongside the Japanese troops was an occasion of great pride and joy to the Burmese.''
By late March 1942, the British-Indian Army in Burma was retreating toward India. The Japanese occupied the country, and as Mrs. Aung San Suu Kyi put it, the Burmese, ''who had believed they were about to gain freedom from the British, were shattered to find themselves ground under the heels of their fellow Asian instead.''
In 1942 and 1943, during the Japanese occupation, what had been the Burma Independence Army went through two reorganizations. The first made Aung San its commander in chief. The second gave it the name Burma National Army and made Colonel Ne Win the army's commander in the important delta region of southern Burma.
In 1945, while British forces were winning Burma back from the Japanese, they were aided by troops led by Aung San, who had turned against the Japanese. In May 1945, after the Japanese lost Rangoon, it was Aung San's trusted brother officer, Colonel Ne Win, who was chosen to make a radio address to their compatriots. He declared, ''The Burmese Army is not only the hope of the country, but its very life and soul.''
When the war was over, the British authorities set up a new Burma Army. Ne Win soon became a lieutenant colonel and co-commander of a battalion, and he was quickly promoted to higher posts. Aung San became the equivalent of prime minister, and when he was assassinated in July 1947, he was replaced by U Nu.
Early the next year, General Ne Win became chief of the general staff and supreme commander of the armed forces. He remained commander until after his coup in 1962.
Mr. Nu's government faced grave political factionalism and secessionist movements among minority ethnic groups, and Mr. Nu handed over power temporarily to General Ne Win. Under him, the army made progress in bringing back law and order, and in 1960 Mr. Nu was returned to power by a national election -- only to be ousted two years later by the coup.


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Maxomorra Sweet Cotton Candy Velour Dribble Bib
Maxomorra Sweet Cotton Candy Velour Dribble Bib
Maxomorra Sweet Cotton Candy Velour Dribble Bib from the Winter 19 Play range with a pastel candy floss print on graphite grey and icy blue contrasts. Organic cotton clothes from Maxomorra.
This Maxomorra Bib has a colourful pattern on one side with contrasting velour fleece on the reverse. A Maxomorra bib is the perfect accessory to a colourful Scandi outfit, helping to keep your little one's outfit clean by soaking up any milk and dribbles. This baby bandana bib is reversible so you can show off the patterned jersey side or the snuggly velour. Team up with matching baby clothes from Maxomorra for a Scandi-inspired new baby gift.
Look fabulous every day in Maxomorra's stylish Scandi children's clothes. Maxomorra children's clothes are gentle on delicate skin, eczema-friendly and have top green credentials too, being ethically made under fair trade conditions. We love the colours, fun designs and commitment to sustainability – a little bit different to what you will find on the high street and a hit with green parents too.
- Print layer: GOTS 95% organic cotton and 5% elastane.
- Velour layer: 80% organic cotton and 20% recycled polyester.
Maxomorra "Play" range at Babipur, classic Maxomorra style! Big, bold characters and theme prints on brightly coloured backgrounds. Winter 19B prints are inspired by all the fun of the fair – celebration balloons, magical rabbits in hats, sweet candy floss, blasting rockets, and circus tents. Maxomorra's happy prints that inspire creativity and play when children wear them.
Founded in 2008, Maxomorra's signature Scandi repeat prints have taken the ethical fashion world by storm. Loved for their bright and eye catching designs and high ethical credentials. Maxomorra use GOTS certified organic cotton ensuring organic standards and fair trade throughout the supply chain. There's something for everyone from this super Swedish clothing brand for babies and kids up to 10 years. Choose your favourite prints, mix and match with block colours or pick a contrasting print. Here at Babipur, we just love Maxomorra.
Fast delivery & great service
We ship our products worldwide using Royal mail and fast courier services. We have lots of regular shoppers from all around the world.


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Experienced Lawyer Helps Florida Clients with a Range of Family Matters
Dedicated Tavares attorney also handles bankruptcy issues
At Michael E. Golub, P.A. in Tavares, Florida, I focus on helping my clients when they are facing significant family changes. Whether that change involves adopting a child, establishing paternity or getting a divorce, I am determined to help you reach the best possible outcome to your situation. In addition to my family law services, I also assist those who are struggling with significant debt by seeking relief through bankruptcy filings. At my firm, I have been helping clients throughout Florida for 25 years, and I look forward to doing the same for you.
Understanding legal advocate offers creative solutions
I know that family and financial matters can be stressful, which is why I aim to provide empathetic representation to clients in the following areas:
- Divorce — For clients undergoing a traditional divorce, I represent them in court. I also assert my clients' rights during uncontested divorce cases, making sure that all agreed upon decisions involving child support, child custody and alimony reflect their best interests. When it comes to establishing or disputing paternity, I guide both men and women through the process.
- Adoption — If you are looking to add a new member to your family, I will walk you through the somewhat complicated steps involved in intra-family or agency adoptions.
- Bankruptcy — If you have debt, I will consult with you to determine whether filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy or Chapter 13 bankruptcy is in your best interest by considering your exemptions, income, the nature of your debt and your long-term goals.
I also act as a divorce mediator, which allows individuals to go through a more streamlined divorce process that saves them time and money. As a neutral third party, I facilitate discussions between both parties in order to help them settle disputes and reach a mutually beneficial solution.
Contact a compassionate Florida attorney for a free and confidential consultation
At Michael E. Golub, P.A., I assist clients throughout the state of Florida who are dealing with family legal concerns or seeking debt relief. To schedule a free consultation, call my office at 352-742-7777 or contact me online.


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Moto Guzzi Museum Mandello del Lario Lake Como
The Moto Guzzi Museum is located in Mandello del Lario (LC) in via Parodi, on the Lecco branch of Lake Como, in the heart of the historic factory that saw the birth of L'Aquila in 1921.
The museum is located within the historic motorcycle factory, in the factory that produced the famous models from 1921, including racing motorcycles until 1957, the year in which the competitive activity of the Guzzi brand ended.
Historical, technical and cultural heritage, the Moto Guzzi Museum collects a very rich collection of over 150 exhibit pieces including series motorcycles, sport bikes, experimental prototypes and engines, which alternate in a temporal itinerary to witness the glorious history of a timeless Italian myth and worldwide.
The museum displays a rich collection displaying unique pieces like the first motorbike built by Carlo Guzzi in 1919, the only signed G.P. (Guzzi-Parodi), next to some of the most celebrated in the world as the extraordinary Otto Cilindri 500 of 1957, born from the genius of Giulio Cesare Carcano.
The exhibition area reserved for motorcycles is composed of a collection of over 80 vehicles that, together with the story of the production history of L'Aquila of Mandello, offer a glimpse of the social and economic evolution of our country.
This is the case of the legendary Norge of 1928, the first great tourism in the history of motorcycles, designed by Carlo Guzzi together with his brother Giuseppe, of the Guzzi series Sport and GT of the thirties, of the Air, the most widespread medium-powered motorcycle in Italy from 1939 to 1957, or Falcone, the dream of all the motorcyclists of the Fifties. while among the sports bikes stand out the Guzzi 4V, the Bicilindrica 500, the Guzzi 350 "World Champion" and the V7 record.
But Moto Guzzi has also entered into history for the vehicles that have characterized the mobility of Italians in the post-war period, such as the Motoleggera 65 "Guzzino" and the Galletto, or "reinvented" the concept of a sports bike at the end of the Sixties as the V7 Sport with the 90 ° V twin-cylinder engine. Alongside the series motorcycles, the exhibition route dedicated to racing motorcycles is unraveled, which, with their businesses, have written the pages of the sports myth of the Casa di Mandello del Lario.
Among these the Guzzi 4V of 1924, the bike with which Guido Mentasti conquered the first European title on the Monza circuit; the Bicilindrica 500 of 1946 by Omobono Tenni; the Guzzi 350 "World Champion" in 1955; and, to arrive in more recent times, the V7 record, the motorcycle derived from the standard V7, which established 19 speed records in June and October 1969 at the Monza circuit.
The exhibition "Il Suono della Passione" completes the museum exhibition, where the most interesting films of the Moto Guzzi history are shown.
Films of repertoire showing the most important companies and realizations of the Moto Guzzi are also projected.
Opening hours Museum and Bookshop: Monday to Friday 15.00 – 16.00. In July: opening from 2.30pm to 4.30pm.
The Museum will be closed on the following dates:
from 31 March to 2 April inclusive25 April 1 May 2 June 5 to 3 September 1 and 2 November 8 December 22 December to 7 January
Free entry – guided tour


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Items where Author is "Daud, M. K. "
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Amin, A. K. M. Nurul and Majed, A. Fakhruzi and Daud, M. K. and Patwari, Md Anayet Ullah and Ishtiyaq, M. H. (2011) Investigation of the machinability of Inconel 718 in room temperature and preheated conditions. Advanced Materials Research, 264-65. pp. 1187-1192. ISSN 1022-6680


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What are stem cells?
This week we will introduce teaching and learning strategies that help you and your students to make links between the topic of stem cells and other areas of the curriculum. To be clear, we are not talking about the cells in the stem of a plant, we are talking about a type of cell.
We'll begin with a brief introduction to stem cells.
Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that carries out all the processes needed to keep that organism alive. Examples include Bacteria, the Amoeba and some algae.
Multicellular organisms are composed of many different types of cells which each have a different job to do. These are called specialised cells. The structure of a specialised cell is adapted to carry out its specific function. Examples include nerve cells (which are very long), muscle cells (which can contract) and root hair cells.
A stem cell is a cell which has the ability to divide and produce different types of specialised cells in an organism. Once a cell has become specialised, we say it has 'differentiated'. A stem cell is 'undifferentiated'.
Stem cells can divide to form more identical stem cells, or they can differentiate into specialised cells. The division of a cell to form two genetically identical daughter cells is called 'mitosis'. The type of specialised cell that a stem cell differentiates into is controlled by the genes that are switched on or switched off inside its nucleus.
The early embryos of animals contain stem cells. These very first stem cells to form in an animal embryo are 'totipotent', meaning that they have the potential to differentiate into any of the specialised cells that are found in the body of an adult. In other words, an entire body can be grown from totipotent stem cells.
Stem cells can also be found in certain tissues within the adult's body, such as the bone marrow. However in animals, these adult stem cells can only differentiate into a few different types of specialised cell, having lost the ability to become any type of cell in the body (they are no longer totipotent and instead they are referred to as multipotent). For example, the stem cells in bone marrow can produce specialised cells in blood and the immune system, but not other cell types.
In plants, stem cells are found in the growing tips of roots and shoots, in specialised structures called meristems. These stem cells can differentiate into any of a plant's specialised cell types, allowing the plant to form different tissues as it grows.
Unlike animals, many mature plant cells remain totipotent, able to differentiate into any type of cell. This is why a fragment of a mature plant, such as part of a leaf, can be used to regenerate an entire plant, whereas animals cannot regenerate an entire individual from a fragment of an organ.
What prior knowledge will your students need before they begin to learn about stem cells? Add a list below.
© National STEM Learning Centre


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Social Media Optimization is the intense way to brand building and to communicate with people effectively. Apart from Search Engine Marketing and Search Engine Optimization – like, share, subscribe, tweet, feed, pin it, is one way of promoting your brand/product to segmented audience & to execute this sort of powerful online marketing plan, social media marketing like facebook, youtube, linkedin, twitter and instagram is essential. It acts as a bridge to connect with people & which gives an extremely exact picture of your brand image and discover how well you have reached your target group.
In order to have right impact and to get optimum yield, this social media campaign should be managed by qualified professionals which requires passion, dedication and ample amount of time to spend on creative and research.
We manage your profile as an individual character rather than as a Brand or Organization. Our team will engage themselves in working on the social media profile consistently to keep their profiles responsive and active.


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Our company was founded in 1888 and
established as a corporation in 1923. Currently, we specialize in the
production and sales of work tools, fasteners for industrial use, fastening
tools, and equipment for electrical work, among others. To further the trust
our customers have had in the Lobster logo since our foundation, in 1996 we
obtained ISO9001.
Additionally, in December of 2002 we
established Tottori Lobster Tools, and in 2014 we established Lobtex Fastening
System Co., Ltd., expanding our group companies to better meet the needs of our
"Meeting the needs of our customers is our
first concern, producing safe products is our priority, and the quality
assurance provided by all of our employees is thorough." All of our current
corporate activities are conducted in line with this policy.
We believe that it is our natural
responsibility as a company to conduct business in a manner to help confront
the increase of global scale environmental problems such as global warming,
ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion of natural resources and energy, and
waste management. Additionally, taking into account the requirements of
conducting business in a given area, to more efficiently provide service in the
interest of our own proactive coexistence with people in local communities, in
March of 1999 we were certified with ISO14001.
From here, we will strive to always
strengthen our systems, develop our PDCA, raise our standards, and ensure that
all employees are working in consideration of the environment.
Copyright(c) Lobtex Co. Ltd.


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With a total of 214 Wainwrights, we decided to tick off a Buttermere Wainwright over the New Year period. It wasn't the first Wainwright we have walked, but we have a long way to go to be able to say we have achieved all 214 of these walks.
Starting from Buttermere, we took on a gentle 5.5km (3.5 miles) walk to the Wainwright known as Rannerdale Knotts. Easily accessible and suitable also for our 14 year old dog, the walk takes in the stunning views of Lake Buttermere, Crummock Water and even Loweswater in the distance.


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(Cambridge) 01223 299011 | Email: email@example.com
Outstanding facility, excellent customer service, highly recommended.
Mr S: Aston Martin DBS
Thank you for your excellent service and attention to detail throughout.
Mr H: Ferrari 458
Neil and the team were a pleasure to deal with, highly professional and my car had a lovely holiday, thank you.
Mr M: Ferrari 575
What an outstanding facility, we'll be back again next year.
Mr & Mrs P
Nothing was too much trouble, including dropping me back home after leaving the car.
Mr J: Ford Mustang
Thank you for arranging the shipping to get my car back home, excellent service from start to finish.
Mr H: South Africa
CarSafe operate as an extension of our business, providing an outstanding facility and exceptional levels of customer service to us and our clients. They have become an invaluable asset.
Corporate client
My first question was "will you store any car?" As I have rather shabby but very loved 2CV which has huge sentimental value. CarSafe give it the same attention as they would a car worth vastly more than mine, but I still wouldn't swap it!
Mrs K: Citroen Dolly
The time Neil and the team take to understand the "quirks" of the car was unexpected but very welcome.
Mr S: Silver Shadow
CarSafe look after 5 of my cars which I take out on a fairly regular basis. The cars are always ready when I arrive and the process is swift and courteous. An excellent service, thank you.
Mr K
We visited 3 storage companies before we went to CarSafe but Neil operates on a totally different level. The facility is wonderful, if a little tricky to find.
Mr & Mrs D: VW split screen
I was wary of car storage having previously had a bad experience. Voiced my concerns to Neil who understood my reservations and answered all my questions confidently. Suffice to say my Porsche is now at CarSafe and very well looked after.
Mr M: Porsche 911
CarSafe arranged collection on behalf of my son who works away. They sent him a video of the car arriving and a showcase video. It makes him miss it even more but at least he can see it.
Mrs H: Porsche Boxter
(CarSafe is based in Cambridge Covering the Bedford area)
Sometimes winter car storage in Bedford can be a little challenging for car owners who are looking for Bedford-based secure vehicle storage for their cars, vintage cars and motorbikes. CarSafe, the vehicle storage specialist, is the go-to company offering winter car storage in Bedford where our safe car storage facility takes care of all your requirements including vintage car storage and motorbike storage, through our secure vehicle storage service for winter car storage in Bedford.
We offer highly secure winter car storage in Bedford and our secure vehicle storage facility gives you total peace of mind; it is perfect for when you need to be away from home when the weather is bad, and you need safe and secure winter car storage in Bedford. No matter how long you plan to keep your vehicle with us, you can be assured of its care and safety at all times. We offer a great solution to winter car storage in Bedford.
If you are flying in or out of any of the London or other UK airports, winter car storage and secure vehicle storage for Bedford can sometimes be difficult to organise. That's why we're set up to offer professional winter car storage in Bedford, offering total peace of mind for our valued clients and keeping your vehicles and motorbikes safe.
Centrally located just outside Bedford, we are a short distance away from the A11 in Cambridgeshire. CarSafe offers winter car storage for all makes of cars including vintage car storage and motorbike storage. We are conveniently located so you can get to us easily and let us take care of your winter car storage needs.
We are immensely proud of our state-of-the-art winter car storage facility near Bedford and we are a great option for safe winter car storage for all car and motorbike owners who need first class secure vehicle storage in Bedford. CarSafe is the perfect choice, allowing you relax and leave us to take good care of your car or motorbike.
We continue to pull out all of the stops in our ongoing aim for professional winter car storage, so if you would like to experience excellence in safe car storage for your vehicle during the winter months, speak with our team to see how CarSafe can help. We'd be delighted to discuss all of your winter secure vehicle storage in Bedford needs.
Copyright © CarSafe 2020


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An agent said, "Showflat will be closed from Monday onwards until further notice." pulling the same stunt as park place, sure or not?
Singapore - The latest project by Qingjian Realty (South Pacific) Le Quest drew a strong sales response on Saturday, the first day of its launch. 280 units were sold at mixed development Le Quest by the end of Saturday.
Le Quest comprises 516 studio and one- to four-bedroom units and over 6,000 square metres of commercial space. Studio to three-bedroom units were the most popular among buyers who booked their units on Saturday.
The residential units were transacted at an average of $1,280 per sq ft. Homebuyers were drawn to living in the region at affordable prices. Homebuyer Ms Chen Si, 26, was one of the first to purchase a unit today. The three-bedroom buyer said: "I plan to stay at Le Quest with my parents. We are drawn to the prospect of living close to new developments like the Jurong Lake District and Tengah. The price is reasonable considering the convenience of having everything we need in the development."
Another homebuyer Mr William Yeo, 37, an auditor who is based in Vietnam flew in specially to book his unit.
Deputy general manager of Qingjian Realty Ms Yen Chong said that the company "was glad that many homebuyers have chosen to journey with us and we will continue to support homeowners towards their desired lifestyles."
"Bukit Batok is an area with large growth potential - with Le Quest and the full slate of plans for the West of Singapore. Not many new developments are expected to launch in the area in the short term, so that is definitely a main factor in buyers' consideration," said senior director of research & consultancy at Savills Alan Cheong.
Chief executive officer of PropNex Ismail Gafoor said: "Its Bukit Batok location is a huge draw with its proximity to up-and-coming projects like the Singapore-KL High Speed Rail Terminus and the rejuvenation by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)'s Master Plan."
Details on the next phase of sales will be announced later. really gonna hold back huh...
zaobao makes it sound even more bullish.
confirmed the hold back phase 2 and hints at phase 2 being launched at higher prices in the future.
Just hope 280 buyers know what they are buying especially the smaller units. Developer is laughing to the bank.


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Education must not, and WILL NOT STOP.
MBA ESG has taken extensive measures to ensure the safety of our students and staff during these challenging times.
Learn More.
A Tourist Accommodation Consultant or Travel Consultant is the intermediary between a customer and travel service provider. He/she helps plan leisure and/or business accommodation as per the customer's needs.
Roles and responsibilities
Tourist Accommodation Consultants have to work in a fast-paced, high octane environment that demands the following responsibilities,
Skills required
Hospitality management is all about creating memorable experiences for customers by providing the right kind of service that will make them come back for more. Therefore, you should understand that, as a travel consultant, you are required to be highly organized, sociable, meticulous, interactive, energetic, enthusiastic, accommodating, and extremely dedicated to your customers.
You should have basic computer skills as you will be dealing with travel data on a real-time basis. When customers request hotel, hostel, or any kind of information about accommodation or travel, you should be able to provide it immediately. You should also be well-versed in sales as it requires a fair amount of selling to customers.
Typically, the job is set in an office with regular business hours. But there may be times when you may have to extend your shift or work during the weekends to accommodate the customer's schedule. You should be flexible to work in shifts based on the customer's time zone.
The most important skill that will help you succeed in this industry is excellent customer service. Building a good rapport with customers and maintaining it is vital to your growth in the industry.
Educational qualifications
A Travel Consultant position usually requires you have at least a high school diploma. Having a Bachelor's or Master's degree is an asset in this industry as you will be experienced in the art of customer service, which is the primary requirement of hospitality management. An MBA in Hospitality Management is apt for a career as a Tourist Accommodation Consultant.
Tourist/Travel Consultants can usually earn, on an average, approximately INR 3,10,000. The salary ranges between about INR 1,53,000 and INR 5,00,000. This range does not include perks associated with the job. Experience matters in this role as you have to learn how to handle the multiple tasks you'll be entrusted.
MBA ESG's Hospitality Management program is a great place to begin your journey as a Travel/Tourist Accommodation Consultant. You not only equip yourself with operational skills that the job necessitates but also imbibe the interpersonal traits that will help you excel in this industry.
Salary source: Payscale


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Two Roman barrows 200m ENE of Thornborough Bridge
- Heritage Category:
- Scheduled Monument
- List Entry Number:
- 1013959
- Date first listed:
- 30-Nov-1926
- Date of most recent amendment:
- 31-Jul-1996
The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1013959.pdf
The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.
This copy shows the entry on 15-Aug-2020 at 02:47:00.
The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
- County:
- Buckinghamshire
- District:
- Aylesbury Vale (District Authority)
- Parish:
- Thornborough
- National Grid Reference:
Reasons for Designation
Earthen barrows are the most visually spectacular survivals of a wide variety
of funerary monuments in Britain dating to the Roman period. Constructed as
steep-sided conical mounds, usually of considerable size and occasionally with
an encircling bank or ditch, they covered one or more burials, generally
believed to be those of high-ranking individuals. The burials were mainly
cremations, although inhumations have been recorded, and were often deposited
with accompanying grave goods in chambers or cists constructed of wood, tile
or stone sealed beneath the barrow mound. Occasionally the mound appears to
have been built directly over a funeral pyre. The barrows usually occur
singly, although they can be grouped into "cemeteries" of up to ten examples.
They are sited in a variety of locations but often occur near Roman roads. A
small number of barrows were of particularly elaborate construction, with
masonry revetment walls or radial internal walls. Roman barrows are rare
nationally, with less than 150 recorded examples, and are generally restricted
to lowland England with the majority in East Anglia. The earliest examples
date to the first decades of the Roman occupation and occur mainly within this
East Anglian concentration. It has been suggested that they are the graves of
native British aristocrats who chose to perpetuate aspects of Iron Age burial
practice. The majority of the barrows were constructed in the early second
century AD but by the end of that century the fashion for barrow building
appears to have ended. Occasionally the barrows were re-used when secondary
Anglo-Saxon burials were dug into the mound. Many barrows were subjected to
cursory investigation by antiquarians in the 19th century and, as little
investigation to modern standards has taken place, they remain generally
poorly understood. As a rare monument type which exhibits a wide diversity of
burial tradition all Roman barrows, unless significantly damaged, are
identified as nationally important.
Despite being disturbed by past investigation, the Thornborough Mounds survive exceptionally well as monuments in the landscape. The 1839 excavation clearly demonstrated the archaeological wealth of the monuments and although some of the cultural material has been removed, further important archaeological evidence still survives, particularly sealed environmental material which will provide information on the landscape in which the barrows were constructed. The preserved collection of finds (many from 19th century excavations have been dispersed or lost) indicates the wealth and prestige of the individual for whom one of the barrows was constructed, and is accessible to the public providing an example of the personal possessions of the higher echelons of Romano-British society. Excavations of comparable monuments have demonstrated that such pre-existing mounds were attractive locations for later burials, particularly in the early Anglo-Saxon period. Cemetery development of this nature between and adjacent to the Thornborough Mounds would prove highly significant for the study of early Anglo-Saxon occupation in this area; providing insights into the continuity (or otherwise) of settlement following the Roman period, the origins of nearby medieval settlements, and the beliefs of these later communities.
The relationship between the barrows and the later, medieval land use is also of considerable interest, reflecting the regard with which the mounds were held in later periods and the manner in which they were incorporated into the design of the surrounding open-field system.
The monument includes two Roman barrows located in pasture approximately 70m
north of the A421 Buckingham to Thornborough road and 160m east of the Padbury
Brook, a tributary of the River Great Ouse.
The western barrow is roughly circular in plan, measuring c.40m in diameter and 3.5m high, with steep sides leading to a flattened area on the summit some 15m across. Slight traces of the ditch surrounding the mound remain visible around the south western side. The second barrow lies about 30m to the east. It is similar in size to the western barrow, although slightly more oval in appearance, and appears marginally higher due to its position on the hillside. Traces of the encircling ditch are also visible around the east and west sides of the mound. The barrows were partly excavated by the Duke of Buckingham in 1839. One (although it is not recorded which) proved to have been previously robbed and little was recovered. The other revealed a floor of rough limestone blocks which had stood beneath a timber structure, some of the oak timbers of which survived intact. Within this area were found three bronze jugs; a bronze lamp and a patera (a shallow, circular dish); a cup, bowl and platter of samian-ware (red pottery imported from Gaul); two ceramic storage jars (or amphorae); a small lozenge-shaped piece of gold, and two glass vessels, the larger of which contained the cremated remains of the deceased. The calcined condition of the limestone pavement indicated that it had been used as the base of the funeral pyre.
Traces of iron objects were noted at the time, but these apparently did not survive the excavation. The remaining finds, with the exception of the gold object, were later purchased by the local antiquarian R C Neville (fourth Lord Braybrooke) and are now held by the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. They date from the first and second centuries AD (some being old when buried, perhaps being retained for generations as family heirlooms) and demonstrate that one of the barrows was constructed in the late second century AD. The other is thought to be of the same date.
The field containing the two barrows retains a clear pattern of cultivation earthworks (ridge and furrow ploughing), probably associated with the medieval village, marked by extensive earthwork remains some 400m to the north east. The cultivation pattern is of particular interest for the manner in which it developed around the earlier monuments. A narrow gap around the mounds was left uncultivated to serve as turning areas for the plough teams (green ends), or as an uncultivated margin (balk). The space separating the mounds was similarly left, perhaps for pasture, rick stands and other seasonal activities associated with the surrounding fields. Burial mounds are known to have provided a focus for later interments, particularly from the early Anglo-Saxon period. The area between the two Thornborough Mounds is considered to be of particular importance in this respect, not least as the area was left undisturbed by medieval cultivation. This area is therefore included in the scheduling, together with a margin around the mounds, 10m in width, to include a sample of the cultivation pattern and its archaeological relationship with the mounds.
The two barrows lie near the meeting of five Roman roads, and in close proximity to the site of a Romano-British cemetery and temple revealed during the construction of a new road bridge to the south of its 14th century predecessor, Thornborough Bridge (the subject of a separate scheduling).
MAP EXTRACT The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract. It includes a 10 metre boundary around the archaeological features, considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
- Legacy System number:
- 27138
- Legacy System:
Books and journals
Branigan, K (ed), The Archaeology of the Chilterns, (1994), 122
Grinsell, L V, Barrows in England and Wales, (1979), 30
Lipscomb, G, The History of Bucks, (1847), 115
'Records of Bucks' in The History of Stowe, , Vol. 5, (1885), 355-6
Liversidge, J, 'Records of Bucks' in The Thornborough Barrow, (1954), 29-32
Liversidge, J, 'Records of Bucks' in The Thornborough Barrow, (1954), 29-32
info plotted by Bucks Museum Service, Archaeological Map SP 73 SW,
info plotted by Bucks Museums Service, Archaeological Features Map (O.S. 1:10,000 SP 73 SW),
Ordnance Survey revision card, JRL, Thornborough Mounds SP 73 SW, (1974)
Ordnance Survey revision card, JRL, Thornborough Mounds SP 73 SW, (1974)
Title: 1:10000 SP 73 SW Source Date: 1983 Author: Publisher: Surveyor:
This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.
End of official listing


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Set Your Goals to Achieve Business Success
by :
Let's start today with looking at your personal goals. I know this article is about business success but we all need to be well rounded so we can enjoy our chosen life style more fully.
Goal setting is a great tool. It isn't only used for your business success. We all have personal desires, preferences, decisions, hopes, and dreams.
The first step is just writing them down on a piece of paper.
Since you are reading these three articles I can tell... you are on your way to achieve success. I know you can follow these easy steps expanding your life into even more love, joy, fun, happiness, health, and wealth! Others have done it and so can you!
Goal setting helps you decide your priorities, gets your energy aligned and organized into what's most important in your personal life, and makes it possible to materializes your dreams.
Your personal goals will help you:
Align your energy
-To decide what it is that you really want
-To get your personal life organized
-Choose a life style you desire
-Find the ideal partner or even soul mate
-Decide on the type of business that is best for you and your family
-Complete your education or get a job
-Be on time for meetings
-Become healthier, have more energy, and heal the body
-Find success in every aspect of your life
-Your personal goals work 90% better when written down in a notebook or on a yellow pad of paper (or white).
Now, For Your Business Goals.
The reason most people never achieve their work goals is that they have not defined them. They may not have seriously considered them as achievable, not felt worthy enough to receive them and/or not believed that goals are the most important words they'll ever write down!
Do you really want incredible success?
Serious goals require you to definitely decide - what life style you want.
You must have intent, discipline, commitment, and continued dedication if you are to achieve them.
They must be written down to impress the "powerhouse of manifestation" -- the subconscious mind, which works with the Law Of Attraction.
Goals left unexpressed and unwritten, are not taken as serious commands to materialize (manifest) into your life but are considered just wishful thinking.
Goals Are Instructions For Your Subconscious Mind To Carry Out
What if I told you that you can have anything in this world, and there is nothing stopping you but YOU. What would you do?
"Define your business goals clearly so that others can see them as you do."
George F. Burns
WHY Have Goals?
The "Why" you must have goals to reach is the foundation upon which to build your future home of success.
You write down your goals so the subconscious mind clearly know what you want and can work on them 24/7 till you succeed.
If you don't understand a compelling reason to write down your goals, your life is like a feather floating in the wind.
Goals are powerful when you have a strong "Why" in place. Why take the time to dream, to imagine, to wish, to fantasize, to speculate, to contemplate what your life might be like?
If you are feeling a little stressed with all this information you may want the full story to... manifesting success and abundance. We have a new 86 page e-book entitled learn "How to triple your home based income... using two secret words" that goes into great detail about getting help from the subconscious mind. It works with any type of business, any money making projects, working at businesses, work at home, and applies equally well to improving personal goals.
Don't Be Too Busy To Set Success Goals...
Most people are too busy "doing things" and have never set goals for themselves or their business.
Every day things come up and they keep busy, busy, busy...wondering why they haven't accomplished anything today.
One thing leads to another and the days continue to pass into weeks, weeks into months, the months pass into years without their business being very successful.
How CAN they become successful without their "road map to success?" It is like the person buying the bus ticket without a set destination... he or she will never arrive. You'll never reach success... unless success is the clearly defined destination.
"There are two main strategies we can adopt to improve the quality of life. The first is to try making external conditions match our goals. The second is to change how we experience external conditions to make them fit our goals better."
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Your life is waiting for you to finish this simple manifestation process and start to set your dreams to sail like a ship upstream. When you throw your dreams upstream they will come back to you... by the Law Of Attraction.
Write your dreams down then detach from them. That is why I said throw them up stream. Do something symbolic of giving them away or releasing them. You could actually burn them in a fire or wad the paper into a ball and throw it upstream.
By detaching from your dreams, it allows invisible assistance to create the life style you desire via your business. You allow it to happen. It is the effortless way to create wealth and prosperity.
And most important -- enjoy the journey.


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MAKE UP FOR EVER Artist Face Color ($23 for 0.17 oz) is the perfect way to customize your very own face palette. Available in 34 shades, these colors range from bright and bold to subtle and chic. This revolutionary palette system allows for you to create you perfect duo, single or trio palette with any combination of refillable blush highlight and sculpt shades. The colors are pigmented and apply evenly on the skin. To the touch, the formula is like velvet-very soft and smooth.
With so many shades to choose from, the MAKE UP FOR EVER Artist Face color also comes in matte, shimmer and pearl finishes. Making these colors and palettes customizable was a perfect decision because now makeup artists can choose colors they need and have refills at their fingertips, whilst consumers can build something that works for them instead of buying a palette for one shade.
I am most excited about the blush and highlight shades. The pigment is just amazing and they blend beautifully. The blush shades have great color payoff and the highlights are just gorgeous with no glittery chunks-just pure glow. The sculpting shades I have are better suited for eyeshadow on my skin tone with my summer tan going on. The dark shadow sculpt shade S118, seems to melt right into my skin, but can be built up for a sculpted look especially during the winter time.
As far as pricing goes, it's much cheaper to get the trio. The empty palettes are priced at $2 each. If you just want to try the blush and highlight shades, then a duo is fine as well. If you buy three artist color shades and the trio palette, you would be getting a $71 palette, blush, sculpting shade and highlight for $45. So you save $26!
MAKE UP FOR EVER Artist Face Color is available at Sephora.com, MAKEUPFOREVER.COM, and MAKEUPFOREVER boutiques. Look out for them to swatch in person at Sephora stores in August.


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Senator the Hon Mathias Cormann
Minister for Finance
Date: Thursday, 18 February 2016
FRAN KELLY: Major changes to negative gearing versus a new round of spending cuts that is the key economic battlelines being formed ahead of this year's election. Labor has promised to curb tax deductions on housing investments. While Treasurer Scott Morrison used a major address to National Press Club to warn spending will be targeted when he hands down his first Budget in May. We're joined now in the Parliament House studios by the Federal Finance Minister, Mathias Cormann. Minister, welcome back to Breakfast.
MATHIAS CORMANN: Good morning Fran.
FRAN KELLY: The Treasurer's philosophy espoused yesterday is basically we have to do more with less, which is not terrifically inspirational I guess. Will there be any new spending at all in the May Budget?
MATHIAS CORMANN: The discipline that we have imposed on ourselves ever since we came into Government is that wherever there was a need for additional spending, we pay for that by identifying spending reductions in other parts of the Budget. For example, since the Budget last year, we had to allocate $1.6 billion in additional funding for various cancer drugs and hepatitis C related drugs onto the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. In the Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook, we were able to outline how we would pay for that from savings in other areas. That is a discipline that will continue.
FRAN KELLY: Okay, the Treasurer conceded that you will only be able to find enough money through spending cuts and tax changes for modest income tax cuts, that was the word he used, modest income tax cuts. So the burden of bracket creep on the economy won't be relieved in this Budget strategy will it?
MATHIAS CORMANN: We will do as much as we can and as much as we can sensibly afford. If you had been able to sensibly pursue a broader tax mix switch, then you would have been able to be a bit more ambitious. But given that wage inflation is comparatively low, inflation generally is comparatively low, while the problem is there, it is not there to the same extent as it might have been in the past, as what it might have been if we weren't in a changed environment. The truth is, in the current fiscal environment, we will do as much as we can sensibly afford. Our instinct is to deliver lower taxes to deliver personal income tax cuts to address bracket creep. But we will have to make judgements on what is affordable.
FRAN KELLY: But Minister, when you say if you had been able to sensibly pursue a broader tax mix switch, what do you mean? Are you talking about being able to bring in the GST there? Switch to indirect to direct taxes?
MATHIAS CORMANN: It is a matter of public record that we explored that very carefully. But in the end after having gone through the modelling, after having gone through a very thorough exercise, the judgement that we came to is that the economics of it didn't stack up. So ... interrupted
FRAN KELLY: But that was your judgement, so you said, if we had been able to sensibly pursue, do you think it would have been sensible to have gone with a higher GST.
MATHIAS CORMANN: No. That is not what I'm saying at all. What I am saying, is that we explored one particular approach. The modelling indicated to us that it would not deliver the economic growth dividend that we were hoping for. As such, we made a decision to recalibrate our ambition, given the fiscal environment we are currently in.
FRAN KELLY: Just back to bracket creep, because Joe Hockey as Treasurer and Scott Morrison as Treasurer has spent much of the past year warning us that bracket creep was a danger to economy, a drag on growth. Joe Hockey said it harms innovation and hinders efforts to workforce participation and makes Australia less competitive with other countries in the region. So now what we know is that the Turnbull Government's first Budget will only be able to make a modest dent in that bracket creep, which is effectively a drag on growth and makes us less competitive.
MATHIAS CORMANN: Bracket creep is a problem. Bracket creep is a drag on growth. We would want to address it to the extent that we sensibly can. Now ... interrupted
FRAN KELLY: But that is only modestly.
MATHIAS CORMANN: The detail will be in the Budget to be delivered on the second Tuesday in May. If I might just make the point again. Given what is happening in terms of comparatively lower wage inflation and given what is happening in terms of comparatively lower inflation right now, bracket creep, to the extent that it is a problem and it is, it is slightly less of a problem than it was. That gives us a little bit of room to recalibrate in a more affordable fashion our ambition in this area.
FRAN KELLY: Okay, the Coalition did talk a big game Minister. It came to Government promising to end Labor's debt and deficit disaster and yet we were told in the starkest terms by the Treasurer yesterday, the Coalition Government made almost no difference to that debt and deficit. He said we've saved $80 billion, spent $70 billion or quote, we are basically in the same position we were two years ago. Essentially you are no better economic managers than Labor is this what this tells us?
MATHIAS CORMANN: No. That is absolutely not what it tells us. Just to unpack that a little. There are three elements to this. When it comes to spending, firstly, unlike the previous Labor government, where spending was increasing without any appropriate funding, without any appropriate way to pay for it, every spending increase that we had to incur, like for example on increased funding for drugs for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, was more than offset by spending reductions in other areas. So we have halted the blowout in expenditure as a result of spending decisions. Secondly, deliberately, in our first and in our second Budgets, many or most of the savings decisions we made were structural savings decisions, which started deliberately low and slow and built over time. For example, the decision to put Federal funding for State schools on a more realistic and more affordable growth trajectory for the future, didn't deliver savings over the forward estimates. In fact over the forward estimates we spent more than Labor, because we had to put $1.2 billion back into schools in Western Australia, Queensland and Northern Territory that Bill Shorten had taken out. Finally, the third element is that a significant proportion of the recurrent spending reductions were redirected into increased capital infrastructure investment to strengthen growth and over time increase our revenue generating capacity. So we are spending less. We are controlling expenditure, by not increasing expenditure in net terms as a result of decisions and we are improving the quality of the spend by redirecting recurrent savings that are available over the medium and long term into a boost in capital investment, infrastructure investment that strengthens growth and creates more jobs.
FRAN KELLY: You're listening to RN Breakfast, it is 18 to 8, our guest is the Finance Minister Mathias Cormann. Never the less the Treasurer says there will be some cuts and they will be saved and not spent and there will be some tax changes, the GST is off the table. Has business lost all hope of a company tax cut Minister, is that still a first order priority for your Government?
MATHIAS CORMANN: Our focus is on doing the best we can to deliver stronger growth and more jobs. One of our focuses there is to ensure that our tax system is as growth friendly as we can possibly make it ...interrupted
FRAN KELLY: Does that mean yes to a company tax cut?
MATHIAS CORMANN: What it means is that the Budget will be delivered in May as the Treasurer very clearly indicated yesterday in his speech. The Budget is not delivered in February. The Budget is delivered in May. What he did yesterday, very eloquently, is to set out the context and the framework for our decision making over the next few months.
FRAN KELLY: Would you, as Finance Minister be hoping for a company tax cut?
MATHIAS CORMANN: On the Coalition side of the Parliament, our instinct always is to go for lower taxes, lower income tax, lower company tax, but you have to make judgements very carefully on what is affordable in the circumstances.
FRAN KELLY: What about negative gearing? We don't know your plan but you are critical of Labor's plan to shift it from existing properties and to limit it to new properties, yet that is exactly advice again to quote your former colleague and former treasurer Joe Hockey in his final speech to the parliament, quote 'negative gearing should be skewed towards new housing'. Was he wrong?
MATHIAS CORMANN: He spoke as a backbencher ...interrupted
FRAN KELLY: He was the Treasurer though.
MATHIAS CORMANN: No well he wasn't actually when he spoke in his final speech ...interrupted
FRAN KELLY: No, but he had been the Treasurer.
MATHIAS CORMANN: Let me say very clearly, what Labor is doing is a very bad idea because it will concentrate activity into one segment of the market. If you increase the level of competition for a particular class of property, you will have an impact on pricing and you will make housing, new housing for first home owners less affordable. That's just an economic reality that if you increase demand, all other things being equal, you will push up prices and you will create a distortion in the market.
FRAN KELLY: So what is your preferred method for dealing with negative gearing?
MATHIAS CORMANN: We have not made a decision to make any change to negative gearing ...interrupted
FRAN KELLY: Do you have an idea?
MATHIAS CORMANN: We are working our way through all of the various options to improve our tax system, to make our tax system more growth friendly. If and when we make relevant decisions we will make these announcements.
FRAN KELLY: What about Capital Gains Tax – Labor has announced that in Government it would halve the capital gains discount from 50% to 25%. Is the Government also looking at paring back capital gains tax?
MATHIAS CORMANN: What we are hearing from Labor is that they want to tax more to spend more. What you are going to be hearing, continuing to hear from the Coalition is that we want to control expenditure, we want to tax less, we want to tax better, because we want to strengthen growth and create more jobs. Since coming into Government ...interrupted
FRAN KELLY: Does that mean you won't need to pare back capital gains tax?
MATHIAS CORMANN: Again, you can ask me these sorts of questions whatever way you want. The Budget will be delivered in May. Right now we are talking about the context, the economic context, the fiscal context and the framework for our decision making. If you look at our past track record, in last year's Budget we delivered tax cuts for small business, in Budgets and Budget updates before that we scrapped the mining tax and the carbon tax. Our focus has been on improving the growth friendliness of our tax system, to make us more competitive internationally and to strengthen growth and create more jobs. That will be our focus as we make decisions in the context of this Budget. What these decisions will be exactly will be revealed in the Budget in May.
FRAN KELLY: And we all await that with interest. Can I just ask you on another issue, because you will be sworn in as Special Minister of State later today as well to add to your duties, your responsibilities. You're already talking with the Greens about reforming Senate voting. Will we see a deal done and legislation for Senate reform introduced in the next sitting fortnight?
MATHIAS CORMANN: I'm not just talking to the Greens. I am talking to a whole range of interested parties in the Senate. Clearly we have a report in front of us from a Parliamentary Committee that looked at the conduct of the last election and which made certain recommendations, unanimously I might add. It was a unanimous report with support from Coalition, Labor and Green Members of Parliament, recommending certain improvements. What I have been doing since being given this responsibility, is to consult widely. The Government continues to consider the issues. We haven't made a decision on the best way forward. Again, once we reach a landing point, if we reach a landing point in relation to this, we will be making relevant announcements.
FRAN KELLY: I think there is a huge element of interest in this issue though, do you think it's fair for people to hope or expect that they might get this in the next few weeks?
MATHIAS CORMANN: The recommendations from the Joint Standing Committee on electoral matters are there for all to see. They were unanimous recommendations from Coalition, Labor and Green Members of Parliament. All Senators were able to participate in that Inquiry. Yet it was a unanimous report, unanimous findings, unanimous recommendations. What the Government has been doing, we are considering the findings and recommendations put forward. We are consulting widely. Yes I have spoken to the Greens, I have also spoken to Labor, I have spoken to independents , I have spoken to people outside the Parliament. Essentially helping me finalise my views so that I can make sensible recommendations and provide sensible advice to the Prime Minister and to the Cabinet.
FRAN KELLY: Minister thank you very much for joining us.
MATHIAS CORMANN: Always good to talk to you.


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Welcome to the MGN forums! Login or create an account to begin interacting with your fellow gamers!排除公告
Not a partner yet? Not a problem, it's easy to sign up with your YouTube channel at www.mgn.tm. Or, if you're with Freedom! already - just click on "Request Network Transfer" in the Profile tab of your Dashboard.排除公告
訪客 Did you notice the AWESOME new button on the top bar! We're giving you Free Games just for being an active partner with us! How cool is that?
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XenMedio PRO © Jason Axelrod from 8WAYRUN.COM


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A set of global hydrometerological composite products that are generated at SPSD from various sensors including AMSU/MHS, SSMIS, AMSR-E and Quickscat. These products are in McIDAS format, and used by SAB precipitation analysts on daily basis to provide quantitative satellite-derived precipitation estimates and satellite guidance to National Weather Service. The AMSU and SSM/I composites are currently made available on AWIPS to NWS field officers.
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text: People in West Africa are originally from the Nile valley. So, no wonder there are so many similarities in religion and art. Knowledge of self is power I m a south African and I really dig this we have our own history and culture much destroyed by the apartheid regime how ever there is a new conscious rising among Africans to claim our place in the world.


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Say goodbye to the 24/7 taxi driver and say hello to new transit data.
Recent regulation approved by the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) requires all licensed on-demand car services, from taxis to ride-hailing app companies like Lyft, Uber and Via to prevent deadly crashes by limiting the hours drivers can work. The new Fatigued Driving Rule prohibits drivers of for-hire vehicles from transporting passengers for more than 10 hours in a 24 hour period or over 60 hours in a week.
While the TLC has set the standard working conditions for cabbies for the past 45 years, they have never regulated the shift lengths of drivers. The impetus for this new ruling was the tragic death last year of Luisa Rosario in a crash with a taxi driver who had been driving for 16 hours with few breaks.
This rule is an important step towards making the city's streets safer.
With long working hours, driver inattention increases and driver fatigue is a core concern for the city's Vision Zero goals. Last year 114 people died in traffic crashes while walking NYC streets, most of them were seniors like Luisa Rosario or children. Half of all pedestrian traffic deaths are linked to dangerous driver choices—with inattention, speeding, failure to yield as the main causes of a crash.
But the benefits of the new TLC rule go beyond safety.
The new regulation also means that yellow and green cabs and companies like Uber and Lyft alike will be required to share their trip records with the TLC. This will allow the commission to enforce the rule while also assisting transit planners in understanding the full role that these private companies play in our city's transportation network.
The location data gathered by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Lyft, Uber, Via and others, has quickly become the most contentious element of this rule change. Trip records collected by the TLC will include the pickup and drop-off location of trips with either GPS coordinates, addresses or locations mapped to the closest intersection. Prior to this ruling, TNCs only have been required to provide the pickup location. The TLC will report trip record data publicly on their open data portal, roughly 3 – 6 months after trips take place. Trip records will be aggregated to a neighborhood level and will not provide personal or demographic data of app users. (Currently, the TLC provides pickup and drop-off data for yellow and green cabs and companies like Uber and Lyft already anonymize their app users' information when they provide pickup and drop-off data to share with researchers at MIT and UC Berkeley.)
Beyond ensuring that taxi and for-hire-vehicle drivers are not working arduously long shifts and putting New Yorkers at undue risk, the new rule provides the link between the beginning and end of the trips taken in over 88,000 cars across New York City each day. The insight this data provides will highlight the transportation needs of New York City both now and in the future. Knowing the complete trip for thousands of rides each year will help planners, researchers and policymakers integrate these vehicles into a combined mobility transportation network for NYC.
We've already seen the impact that open trip data can have. Take Citi Bike, for example. By making its trip data available, Citi Bike has become an extension of mass transit networks in New York and Jersey City. Citi Bike provides ridership and trip data with no specific information on users, safeguarding users' privacy. The location of bikeshare stations and the systems operation is continually being improved as ridership data is provided to not only city agencies but also researchers and the civic tech community. For-hire vehicles are part of New York City's larger transportation network, and moving toward combined mobility requires data sharing.
Outside of New York City, the State Senate has passed legislation that lays the groundwork for regulating TNCs throughout New York state. This legislation also includes a 2% fee per trip, less than Governor Cuomo's 5.5% fee per trip. Revenues will go into a transit assistance fund and be used for transportation improvements outside of NYC. The Senate bill requires TNCs to report trip records though the bill does not clearly describe the data to be provided and only a sample of records will be audited by the State DMV.
Moving forward, the Governor and State Legislature should incorporate clear data sharing standards for TNCs. Doing so will open the door for combined mobility to become a reality for communities outside of New York City. Knowing where an on-demand car trip begins and ends will help the region build a more diverse, efficient and safer transportation system.
Written by
Alyssa Pichardo
Senior Planner, Transportation