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When the future Edward VI was born in 1537 there was much rejoicing – for his father King Henry VIII, the birth of a son was especially important. The joy at the birth was of course overshadowed by tragedy because it was to lead to the death of the mother of the child, Jane Seymour.
A trouble free pregnancy – a difficult birth
Jane's pregnancy was announced in February 1537 and she experienced a trouble free pregnancy up to the time that she went into labour. The birth of the child however was long and difficult, taking two days and three nights to be delivered. The baby was eventually delivered at around two o'clock on the morning of the 12th October. As this is the eve of the Feast day of Edward the Confessor the baby was named after this Saint.
Jane was able to sit and greet guests prior to the christening on the 15th October at Hampton Court but two days later her health had seriously deteriorated and she was given the last rites. By the 24th of October, Jane was dead.
A Midwifes view
I asked a Midwife colleague at Birmingham City University to consider what is known about Jane Seymour's death, to give her opinion about what happened to Jane Seymour and how this would be handled if it happened today.
Because of her elevated social position we can perhaps assume that Jane was a relatively fit and well nourished young lady. It is very likely that the complications which led to her death were caused by the difficult labour and especially the length of time it took to give birth.
The most likely cause of the extended labour would be that the baby was not positioned well in the womb – making it more difficult for the woman to give birth. The uterus is the muscle that does the job of pushing the baby out of the womb and after a long labour it can become exhausted. Because this muscle was exhausted it is more likely that the placenta surrounding the baby would not be completely expelled. Even though remaining placenta might only be the size of a thumbnail, this would always cause an infection once it began to decay.
Further problems would be caused by the fact that internally, Jane would have been left with open wounds. She had experienced a lot of pain, lost a lot of blood, and would have been physically and mentally exhausted. In this physical state she would have been more open to infection and once infected, her body would have been less able to fight it. There was no understanding of microbial infection and no effective treatment for infection. The presence of dirty cloths and hands during and after the labour would be a very likely cause of infection.
Modern times
In a modern situation things would be much different. Firstly, the mother and baby would be closely observed by the Midwife who would record the mothers blood pressure and temperature as well as the baby's vital signs. Any sign of undue distress would lead to a hospital admission and probably a caesarean section ( there are records of this operation being performed in this period to save a baby when the mother was dying – there are no known instances of a mother surviving such a procedure). Modern knowledge of drug treatments to help labour as well as understanding of causes of infection and the use of antibiotics mean that in developed countries such deaths from infection are rare.
Women are still dying.
When writing about Tudor times we often find ourselves telling stories that still have some relevance today and sadly, this story is no exception. The problems that killed Jane Seymour nearly 500 years ago are still causing women to die every day. According to the World Health Organisation(WHO) maternal mortality is still very high in some countries. The WHO estimates that pregnancy or childbirth related problems cause around 1500 deaths a day! – these deaths are mostly from avoidable causes.
See this blog posting for more information about Tudor Childbirth
See link for World Health Organisation information on maternal mortality
Also White Ribbon Alliance an international coalition campaigning to ensure that pregnancy and childbirth are safe for all women and newborns in every country around the world.


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New York, NY (PRWEB) March 19, 2012
Dennis S. Charney, MD, Dean of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, announced today that the school has received reaccreditation from the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), the premier authority responsible for accrediting all Medical Doctor (MD) programs in the United States and Canada. Mount Sinai was reaccredited for the maximum term of eight years.
Medical schools must demonstrate compliance with LCME standards in five areas: institutional and educational programs, medical students, faculty, and educational resources. Only LCME-accredited institutions may receive federal grants for medical education and participate in federal loan programs. Through accreditation, the LCME assures medical students and graduates, members of the medical profession, health care institutions, and the public that MD programs meet the highest educational standards and that graduates of these medical schools have complete educational experience sufficient to prepare them for the next stage of their training.
"We are very pleased to have met the high standards of the LCME in securing reaccreditation for our MD program," said Dr. Charney. "Considering how much of a challenge this designation has been for medical schools across the country, we are proud of the hard work and dedication of David Muller, MD, Dean of Medical Education, and our faculty, staff, and students, in achieving it."
The accreditation process consists of a rigorous self-assessment, a four-day site visit from a panel of LCME reviewers, and completion of a student survey, which is then reviewed by the LCME panel. The self-assessment is completed over a two- to three-month period during which the medical school must compile a comprehensive database from the findings to be evaluated by the LCME reviewers.
Mount Sinai School of Medicine created a steering committee and several task forces, which were responsible for each of the five areas of review. Led by Dr. Muller, preparations for the site visit began nearly two years ago and involved the participation of hundreds of faculty, staff, and students.
The entire Mount Sinai student body was surveyed, which helped inform the reaccreditation process. Seven committees of nearly 175 faculty staff and students met weekly for four months to prepare for the site visit. The steering committee issued a bi-weekly communiqué and held monthly town hall meetings throughout the process to keep the greater medical school community informed. Seventy-five representatives from all areas in the medical school met with the site visitors during a four-day visit, resulting in a successful program reaccreditation.
"Seeing so many of our faculty and students collaborating to make this process a success has been a privilege," said Dr. Muller. "I am delighted that the LCME has recognized Mount Sinai School of Medicine for our commitment to excellence in education."
About The Mount Sinai Medical Center
The Mount Sinai Medical Center encompasses both The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Established in 1968, Mount Sinai School of Medicine is one of the leading medical schools in the United States. The Medical School is noted for innovation in education, biomedical research, clinical care delivery, and local and global community service. It has more than 3,400 faculty in 32 departments and 14 research institutes, and ranks among the top 20 medical schools both in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding and by US News and World Report.
The Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is a 1,171-bed tertiary- and quaternary-care teaching facility and one of the nation's oldest, largest and most-respected voluntary hospitals. In 2011, US News and World Report ranked The Mount Sinai Hospital 16th on its elite Honor Roll of the nation's top hospitals based on reputation, safety, and other patient-care factors. Of the top 20 hospitals in the United States, Mount Sinai is one of 12 integrated academic medical centers whose medical school ranks among the top 20 in NIH funding and US News and World Report and whose hospital is on the US News and World Report Honor Roll. Nearly 60,000 people were treated at Mount Sinai as inpatients last year, and approximately 560,000 outpatient visits took place.
For more information, visit http://www.mountsinai.org/.
Find Mount Sinai on:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/mountsinainyc
Twitter: @mountsinainyc
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/mountsinainy
# # #

subset: commoncrawl


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George Dunfee was presumed to be a son of James and Sophia (Hazlett) Dunfee due to the fact that he resided in the same area of Dekalb County, Indiana as Sophia (Dunfee) McNabb who was known to be a daughter of James and Sophia. Additional information has been found confirming that he is indeed their son. George could have been named after his (presumed) grandfather, George Dunfee (see The Hazlett-Dunfee Connection :: On to Pennsylvania).
Cemetery transcriptions posted on the Dekalb County GenWeb site show that George Dunfee is buried in Corunna Cemetery in Fairfield Township and that he died November 3, 1871 at the age of 56 years 11 months and 12 days, which puts his date of birth at November 22, 1814. The 1850 and 1860 census records for Dekalb County, Indiana show that he was born in Pennsylvania while the 1870 census shows he was born in Ohio. It is highly likely that he was born in Pennsylvania. His age in those census records was 34, 45, and 55, respectively, which is in the right time frame for a late 1814 birth.
Since the two oldest children of George Dunfee were born in Ohio, is seems most likely that he was married in Ohio. However, I have not yet found a record of his marriage to "Nancy" who is listed in census records (1850-1870) as his wife. In the FamilySearch database of Ohio County Marriages I did find a George B. Dunfee who married Nancy Tipton on April 22, 1837 in Athens County, Ohio. However, the location did not seem to fit in with what was known of the Dunfee family. A search of Ohio Death Records, also on FamilySearch, came up with two records of children of George B. Dunfee that showed that he was born in New Jersey. So he is not the George Dunfee in Dekalb County, Indiana.
A possible clue to Nancy's maiden name came from another FamilySearch database (Indiana Marriages, 1811-1859) with the September 29, 1887 marriage record of their son, David Dunfee in Dekalb County. This record (referencing image 00161 on film 4476455) gives his mother's maiden name as "McKnobb" and his father as Geo. Dunfee. It also states that David was born in Ashland County, Ohio. It is possible that Nancy is related in some way to David McNabb who married Sophia Dunfee. I haven't done the research but McKnobb and McNabb are very close in pronunciation.
In my search for the marriage record of George Dunfee, I did find a more positive, though still indirect, link for George Dunfee to James and Sophia (Hazlett) Dunfee.... Shown below in the marriage record for Sophia Dunfee and David McNabb! How cool is that?
Reference Number 208, page 46, FamilySearch image 532 and film number 388736. Richland County, Ohio Marriage Records.
No. 208 David McNabb to Sophia DunfeeThe other record that provides a link between George and the family of James and Sophia (Hazlett) Dunfee is a land record dated February 21, 1848 in which Jonathan S. Dunfee of the county of Holmes, State of Ohio, sold 160 acres of land in Dekalb county, Indiana to George Dunfee of the county of Ashland, State of Ohio for $600. (NW ¼ S24 T35 R12) recorded in Dekalb County, Indiana Deed Book E page 38. This land is in the same section as that purchased by David and Sophia Dunfee McNabb in April 1855. Jonathan S. Dunfee is known to be a son of James and Sophia (Hazlett) Dunfee.
I David McNabb being duly sworn upon and say that I am over the age of 21 years and unmarried at this time. Also George Dunfee being duly sworn depose and say that I am the Brother of Sophia Dunfee and know her to be over the age of eighteen years and unmarried at this time.
Sworn to & Subscribed before me this 25th day of Oct. 1842.
B. Burns Dept Clk.
Signed by George Dunfee and David McNabb.
In the 1850 census of Fairfield Township, Dekalb County, Indiana (page 466), George Dunfee is a 34 year old farmer who was born in Pennsylvania. He has real estate valued at $800. Listed with him was Nancy, age 33, born in Pennsylvania; John, age 9, and David, age 1, both born in Ohio.
George Dunphey resided in Fairfield Township, Dekalb County, Indiana (page 29) in 1860. He was 45 years old and born in Pennsylvania. He was a farmer with real estate valued at $600 and a personal estate of $300. In his household were Nancy, age 44, born in Pennsylvania; David, age 11 and James, 10, both born in Ohio, William, age 6, and Almira, age 2, both born in Indiana.
1870 finds the family still in Dekalb County but now residing in Richland Township (page 346). George Dunfee is 55 and born in Ohio. He is a farmer with real estate valued at $8000 and a personal estate valued at $670. Residing with him were Nancy, age 52, born in Pennsylvania; James, 19, born in Ohio; and William, age 15, born in Indiana.
George Dunfee passed away on November 3, 1871. He is buried in Corunna Cemetery, Fairfield Township, Dekalb County, Indiana along with two of his children, Almira and John.
George and Nancy (McKnobb /McNabb ?) Dunfee were the parents of five known children. There is a nine year gap between the first and second child so it is highly likely that there may have been other children that, perhaps, died before the family came to Indiana.
- John Dunfee. Cemetery transcriptions show that John died Sept. 23, 1855, age 15y, 1m, 15d - son of G. & N. He is buried in Corunna Cemetery, Dekalb County, Indiana. His date of birth calculates to August 8, 1840.
- David M. Dunfee was born about 1849 in Ashland County, Ohio. He married Clara Currant on July 15, 1873 in Dekalb County, Indiana. By 1880 they were divorced and David was living with his brother James and his wife Sarah in Richland township. On September 29, 1887 David was married to Mary E Tod in Dekalb County. (This is the record that gives his fathers name as Geo. Dunfee and his mother as McKnobb.) I have not found David in census records after 1880. However, the Indiana Marriages database on FamilySearch includes records for two of his children, which gives their parents as David Dunfee and Clara Current . If their place of birth is correct, it means that David moved around a bit. There could also be other children.
- George Clifford Dunfee born December 16, 1875 in Monticello, Indiana (White County). He was married to Sarah (Hudson) McDaniel on October 5, 1923 in Warren County, Indiana.
- Lillian Claude Dunfee born 1877 in Michigan. She married Raleigh Muir on August 22, 1898 in Marion, Indiana. For whatever reason, it was apparently a marriage of short duration! On May 1, 1899 Lillian C. Muir was married to Martin Kiplinger in White County, Indiana.
- James E. Dunfee was born about 1850/51 in either Ohio or Indiana. He was married on July 3, 1870 in Dekalb County, Indiana to Sarah J. Finch. The 1880 census for Richland Township shows that he had two children: a daughter, Mickey, born about 1872 and a son, John W. born about 1878. Both children were born in Indiana. James and Sarah may have had other children. I have not found them in 1900 or later census records.
- William C. Dunfee was born about 1854 in Indiana. On January 23, 1872 William Dunfee was listed as a minor heir of Geo. Dunfee who "died intestate more than 15 days prior to this time." Nancy Dunfee was appointed guardian of William. (Dekalb County, Indiana Probate Order Book "C" page 321.) On October 2, 1875 he was declared of full age (Probate Order Book D). A deed record, dated December 5, 1878 provides the name of William's wife. It shows that Nancy Dunfee and William C. Dunfee and Saphronia Dunfee, his wife, all of Dekalb County sold land to Robert Shippy for $3050. (Dekalb County Deed Book DD page 550.) The 1870 census is the last census record I've found for William and I have not found his marriage record.
- Almira Dunfee. Cemetery transcriptions show that Allmira died March 3, 1864, age 6y, 1m, 19d - daughter of G. & N. She is buried in Corunna Cemetery, Dekalb County, Indiana. Her date of birth calculates to January 12, 1858.
- January 27, 1872 David M. Dunfee released and Quit claim to James E. Dunfee and Sarah J. Dunfee, his wife for $1,000 the E ½ SE ¼ S5 T34 R12 (vol. W p85)
- May 13, 1873 Nancy Dunfee sold to David M. Dunfee for $500 the W ½ SE ¼ S5 T34 R12 (vol. W p444)
- June 29, 1876 Nancy Dunfee sold to James E. Dunfee for $1000 E ½ SE ¼ S5 T34 R12. (vol. BB p531)
- February 2, 1877 David M. Dunfee and Clara Dunfee, his wife, sold to Lafayette J. Miller the W ½ SE ¼ S5 T34 R12 for $1400 (vol. CC p110)
- February 6, 1877 Nancy Dunfee sold to William C. Dunfee W ½ SE ¼ S6 T34 R12 for $800 (vol CC p114)
- December 5, 1878 William C. Dunfee and Saphronia Dunfee, his wife, and Nancy Dunfee of Dekalb County sold land to Robert Shippy for $3050. (Deed Book DD page 550)
- March 21, 1883 James E. Dunfee and Sarah Ann Dunfee, his wife, and Nancy Dunfee sold land to Lafayette J. Miller for $4000 (Deed Book JJ page 104)
If anyone has information on the George Dunfee family, I'd appreciate hearing from you! Leave a comment below or send me an email at kinexxions "at" gmail "dot" com.
See Dunfee Family :: Index to Posts for more information on the Dunfee family.


text:
Refine your search
Browsing self-catering places within 8 miles of Cliff Pavilion and Palace Theatre
5 Royal Terrace, Southend-on-Sea, Essex, SS1 1DY (1 miles, 1 km)
Self-catering with 4 units, £100-£140 pupn sleeps 2-4
Superior 4 star one bedroom Self Catering Luxury apartments. Central Southend overlooking the Iconic Pier. Perfect for relaxing breaks and for business clientele.Historic building with modern comforts & technology.
Apton Hall Farm, Apton Hall, Rochford, Essex, SS4 3RH (5 miles, 8 km)
Self-catering with 0 units, £595-£700 pupn sleeps 1-12
pupn - per unit per night


text:
Quicken Loans Inc., America's largest mortgage lender and the largest provider of FHA mortgages.
J.D. Power has named Quicken Loans the Highest in Customer Satisfaction for Primary Mortgage Origination 10 straight years — 2010 through 2019.
Dan Gilbert founded Rock Financial in 1985, which would become known as Quicken Loans.
Rocket Companies celebrated its debut on the New York Stock Exchange as a publicly traded company.
Founder and Chairman
Vice Chairman, Quicken Loans and Rock Holdings, Inc.
Chief Executive Officer
President & COO
Chief Information Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Marketing Officer
Executive Vice President
EVP, Capital Markets
EVP, Client Experience Operations
EVP, Servicing
Senior Vice President, Communications


text:
Boretta (Ft. Marianna Riccio/Freeway Ricky Ross) - Cocaine [Boss Life Ent. Submitted]
Directed by @romeoholloway ACP
FOLLOW: http://twitter.com/bosslifeboretta
email@example.com #LAX2DASOUF the Album in the streets everywhere LIVIN A DREAM... Ima tell a personal experience over a beat. real life STREET LIFE . being snitched on and held accountable 4 my loyalty 2 da streets..i learned a valuable lesson.THAT MONEY ISN'T EVERYTHING AND THE CLOSE ONES 2 U, R THE MOST AGAINST U...im proud and blessed 2 be able 2 express myself with MY FREEDOM. shouts 2 RPH and all my supporting family...we r one. BOSSLIFE ENT self made baaaabaaay
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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text:
Dear Customers,
We are honored that you have decided to dine at Mashiko. We know that there are many fine restaurants in Seattle, so we thank you for the opportunity to serve you.
The thing that saddens us is that some of our customers are bigots. This letter is address to them. To everyone else, thanks for not being a bigot.
To the bigoted diners: We find your ignorant comments to our staff offensive. When you then post them online, you prove to the entire world how cowardly and small you are. Our main points of contention are as follows:
1) We are a Japanese restaurant because we serve Japanese food. And yes, we have Japanese ownership. We also have several employees of Japanese descent. But that shouldn't matter. By claiming that there are no Japanese people working at Mashiko, you are not only incorrect, you are also demonstrating what a racist you are. Would you refuse service at an Irish pub if your server didn't speak with a fanciful brogue? You do realize that sometimes people in this great big melting pot may not have a look that reflects their genetic makeup. Do you also insist on DNA tests wherever you go? Of course not. Stop being an ignorant racist.
2) Why yes, we do have a female sushi chef. She also happens to be Caucasian. Her name is Mariah Kmitta, and we are blessed to have her behind our sushi bar. Mariah has been wowing customers at Mashiko for over 12 years. She has an amazing following of devoted customers who only dine with us when Mariah is working. If you know Hajime, you know he is one picky son of a bitch. He entrusts Mariah because she has earned his respect. Mariah comes to work each night eager to share exciting new textures and flavors with you. Should you refuse her fare based on her gender or race, you are an absolute fool.
The funny thing is that our non-Japanese chefs know that they are being so overly scrutinized, and therefore they study and grow more than most chefs out there. Trust us – we've had many Japanese men working here that had to be fired because they relied on their gender and race instead of making amazing food.
We are sorry to carry on like this, but this discrimination nonsense has got to stop. Seriously. It is ruining so many wonderful things all across the world. Can't we start at home by making an example that race, gender, and sexual orientation truly do not matter?
Since 1994, Mashiko has always been a non-discriminatory establishment. All are welcome here. So even if you don't like our food, can't you at least agree that we might be right about this one thing?


text:
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text:
Yup, not dead. =O
So, I have this tendency to replay the hell out of individual songs.
Usually when it's a new song I've recently stumbled upon.
Today's lucky winner is a song by Pink - "Raise your Glass"
I think I'm on listen #10 right now. =x
Anyone else find themselves doing this recently with some choice music?


text:
The serial number* is on the underside of the lid:
If your AirPods are connected to your iOS device, you can also go to Settings > General > About > AirPods for the serial number:
If you don't have your charging case, but you have the original packaging, you can find the serial number next to the barcode. You can also find the serial number on the original product receipt or invoice.
* With AirPods (2nd generation) and AirPods Pro, each AirPod also has its own serial number, printed on the AirPod itself. If you need to send your AirPods or charging case in for service, refer to the primary serial number, printed on the case lid. You don't need the serial numbers on the AirPods.


text:
We demand justice for women in Olympics. Feminists have been demanding justice for women. But it seems no one likes to listen to them. Why does everybody forget the Olympic principles?
• Universal fundamental ethical principles, such as: 'Any form of discrimination [including gender discrimination] is incompatible with belonging to the Olympic Movement' (Principle 5)
• A commitment to equality: 'implementing the principle of equality of men and women' (Chapter 1, Rule 2.7)
• Neutrality in sport: 'No kind of demonstration or political, religious or racial propaganda is permitted on any Olympic sites, venues or other areas' (Chapter 5, Rule 51.3)
Feminists demanded an end to gender-based discrimination and stereotypes. The International Olympic Committee did not protest against gender-based discrimination the way they protested against race-based discrimination. South Africa was banned from the Olympics for 21 years over its policy of apartheid. The International Olympic Committee violated the Olympic principles about gender equality by allowing countries that have anti-women-sharia laws to participate in the Olympics. It has also allowed athletes to wear veils, a symbol of oppression and to observe religious fasting that may higher the risk of dehydration during Olympic Games.
Femen, a Ukrainian feminist organization demands that the International Olympic Committee condemns violence against women in the Islamist states. Femen says that with the support of the International Olympic Committee Islamist governments actually use the participation of women in the Olympic Games to legitimize the killing and torturing of women.
Topless Femen activists Perform Anti-Islamist Olympic protest in London today. Five protesters are arrested.
How long will feminists from the West have to fight for women worldwide? Time has come for sane people living in the Muslim countries to move their butts and start an uncompromising movement against Islamic oppression.


text:
Welcome to Watch List, where we identify five things on TV to watch while you stay at home and eat black beans straight out of the can. LET'S GO!
GREY'S ANATOMY – 9:00PM (ABC) Have you ever watched "Grey's Anatomy" and thought to yourself, "Boy, I really wish they would sing about how selfish they are," well you're in luck! Yes, it's a special "music event" episode of the ABC warhorse, featuring your favorite cast of lovely ditherers belting out tunes from Snow Patrol and a host of others. You should watch this. I'm not even kidding. Watch it and then go to the Television Without Pity message boards and see just how angry Grey's fans are that they did a musical episode. It'll be the best four hours you ever waste. ANTICIPATION: FERRY CRASH!
JERSEY SHORE – 10:00PM (MTV) It's the season finale tonight, until the fifty consecutive reunion specials and blooper reel shows. All your questions get answered. Will Snooki and Vinny get all smushtastic? Will Sammi and Ronnie stay together? Wait, is that still an issue? Why are those two still allowed on this show? ANTICIPATION: SEE YOU IN TWO MONTHS!
AMERICAN IDOL – 8:00PM (FOX) Your elimination hour tonight comes with guest performances from Sugarland and former "Idol" reject turned Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson. Does anyone kind of miss fat Jennifer Hudson? I prefer me a whole lotta woman. ANTICIPATION: TEARS!
NCAA TOURNAMENT – 7:00PM (CBS AND TBS) The Sweet 16 begins tonight and CBS and TBS (CTBS?) are bringing you all four games from half the bracket in their entirety. At 7, you get BYU-Florida on TBS and UConn-SDSU on CBS, then at 9:30 or so you get Butler-Wisconsin on TBS and Duke-Arizona on CBS. Please note: Gus Johnson is doing the TBS games. So yeah, that might tilt your viewing preferences. ANTICIPATION: THE SLIPPER STILL FITS!
PARKS AND RECREATION – 9:30PM (NBC) Did you know Chris Pratt is married to Anna Faris? Holy smokes, now THAT is outkicking your coverage. I salute the man. ANTICIPATION: I KNEW IT! YOU DIDN'T KNOW THAT.
Thursday Watch List: Glee's Anatomy!
Welcome to Watch List, where we identify five things on TV to watch while you stay at home and eat black beans straight out of the can. LET'S GO!


text:
MB Madaera
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Lost 23.55 lbs fat
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Lost 25.5 lbs fat
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Lost 26 lbs fat
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Lost 41 lbs fat
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Florida Dreamin'
It's the time of year when your pasty skin is itching and your summer abs are twitching. Let the Hard-Body Challenge be your guide to success.
by Ellington Darden, Ph.D.
These water skiers from Florida are feeling fine in the sunshine, as they have just lost 120 pounds of fat in six weeks. That's me wearing the rabbit ears.
All the leaves are brown And the sky is grey I went for a walk On a winter's day I'd be safe and warm If I was in F-L-A
Flo – ri – da dreamin' On such a winter's day.
Okay, okay . . . with apologies to the Mamas and Papas!
Here I am, stuck in Tennessee.
It's March 23, 2006, and at 6:00 A.M. it's 32 degrees outside. I'm thinking about some of those terrific Florida mornings – which I experienced for many years. You know, where it's 70 degrees, there's a mist in the air, and a slight breeze is blowing. It's just right for a bicycle ride or a walk around the neighborhood . . . or even an early morning strength-training session.
To make matters worse, my wife, Jeanenne, and our two children, Tyler and Larah, are in Orlando visiting friends for a week. Plus, last night I talked with a buddy, Peter Fleck, who was involved in my Hard-Body Challenge, which took place at Sea World in Orlando . . . and I reported on in my book, The Bowflex Body Plan (2003).
Those Sea-World memories of taking a half dozen, overfat water skiers – and in six weeks, turning them into a lean team of champion performers, brought a smile to my face . . . and a few itches and twitches throughout my physique.
I know I have a few winter pounds that I'd like to shed, and perhaps you do too.
Now's the time to get started . . . so, I want to turn back the clock to 2001 and share what I did with the water skiers in the photo above. The plan worked well for them, and it should work for you.
A Soft Situation at Sea World
I had a tough time believing what I was seeing. I was at Sea World's Bayside Stadium in Orlando, Florida, in May of 2001 watching their water-ski team perform. Peter Fleck, a champion skier and corporate show director of World Entertainment, Inc., had invited me to be his guest.
Granted the performances were outstanding and the skills – from barefooting to jumping to adagio – were awesome. What I had a difficult time accepting was how softsome of the guys looked.
Don't take me wrong. They were in above-average shape compared to the normal population. What they lacked, however, was that ripped, tight, muscular appearance that some highly conditioned athletes attain prior to their best competitions.
Why was having that ripped, muscular condition so important in my mind? Because leaner bodies perform more efficiently, are more resistant to injury, and, most certainly, look better.
That last reason seemed most salient since at the end of each Sea World show, the water skiers are asked to assemble at center stage on the lake front to sign autographs and be photographed with the spectators. There are few things more impressionable, for both youngsters and adults, than to be up close and photographed with well-built athletes in swimsuits.
"What kind of training program are these guys on?" I asked Peter as we were walking to the parking lot. "I didn't see a single set of well-defined abdominal muscles in the group. Don't these guys realize how much better they'd look and perform with less fat – and leaner, harder bodies?"
"They're still suffering from the winter bloat," Peter replied. "You know how difficult it is to stay in shape with all the socializing during the holidays?"
Yeah, I knew what Peter was talking about. Approximately 70 percent of the adult population in the United States gains from 3 to 5 pounds of body fat each year from Thanksgiving through the Super Bowl. I just wasn't aware that these statistics also applied to professional water skiers at Sea World. Plus, the holiday season had been over for four months.
Peter and I both agreed that something needed to be done to motivate the Sea World guys into action. Because of my continuing interest in research on fat loss, I told Peter that if he could arrange a meeting, I'd be happy to develop and implement a program specifically for their water skiers.
Bowflex Calling . . .
Later that afternoon, I received a phone call from Randy Potter of Bowflex. In 1995, I did a Bowflex study in Gainesville, Florida, with overfat individuals and the results are still being used in their marketing materials.
Anyway, Randy mentioned that he wanted me to update some of my research and do some field-testing on a new Bowflex machine called the Ultimate. In fact, he had two of them packaged and ready to ship to me tomorrow. "Did I," he wanted to know, "have any overfat people in the Orlando area who I could supervise through a six-week eating and exercising program?"
"Funny you should ask," I replied to Randy, as Peter Fleck and the Sea World ski team circled at the top of my mind. When Randy heard the idea, he was fully supportive. He could already see buff water skiers training on his equipment.
The next day, I called Peter and we strategized for a while and came up with a solid plan. I'd organize the eating and exercising routine and he'd get the approval from Sea World to house the Bowflex Ultimate machine in the Bayside Stadium. Then, he'd call a meeting for all interested water skiers where we'd introduce the program, explain what was involved, and issue what I called: The Hard-Body Challenge.
The objective of the Hard-Body Challenge was to get the guys dissatisfied with their soft bodies and motivated to take positive action. My job in turn was to establish a fat-loss goal for each participant and, most importantly, to facilitate them reaching their goals in six weeks or less.
Six members of men's water-ski team at Sea World accepted the challenge. I met with them two days later, where I took each participant's body weight, skinfold/body-fat percentage, circumference measurements, and full-body photographs in a bathing suit. I also went over what was expected of each participant.
Three Components for Success
Success of the program was based on three practices: (1) reduced-calorie eating, (2) strength training, and (3) superhydration.
The course started on July 15, 2001, and finished on August 26, 2001. Each man, I'm pleased to report, reached his goal. Tom Wykle did the best by dropping 35 pounds of fat and 5 3/8 inches off his waist. The least amount lost was 15 1/2 pounds by Darin Truttmann, who was also the most muscular of the men at the start. Darin accomplished his goal in only three weeks. You can examine the complete results in the boxes and compare some of the before-and-after photographs. One participant did not complete the after measurements so he wasn't a part of the averages.
An understanding of each of the three components will allow you to adapt these guidelines and apply them to your own quest for a leaner, stronger body.
Let's face it, many athletes and fitness-minded men may have gained some excess fat over the last several months. We all tend to relax at certain times of the year and get a little soft around the middle.
Now is the time to learn more about the components involved and, then – make a commitment.
Age: 28 Height: 6'1" Before weight: 223 3/4 pounds. Before waist size: 37 1/4 inches. Lost 35 1/2 pounds of fat in six weeks. Built 3 3/4 pounds of muscle. Trimmed 5 1/2 inches off waist.
Age: 29 Height: 5'7" Before weight: 164 pounds. Before waist size: 32 7/8 inches. Lost 15 1/2 pounds of fat in three weeks. Built 2 1/2 pounds of muscle. Trimmed 2 5/8 inches off waist.
Reduced-Calorie Eating
The cornerstone of any successful, fat-loss program must involve eating fewer dietary calories. It's a scientific fact that in losing fat, dietary calories do count.
Surveys reveal young men in the United States average from 3,000 to 4,000 calories per day. During the holiday season, many of these men regularly exceed the upper number. The Sea World skiers were all regularly consuming too many calories on most days.
An eating plan consisting of slightly below 2,000 calories a day for active young men seemed to be a level that was neither too high, nor too low, but just right for efficient fat loss. Thus, each water skier's calories were reduced from 3,000 or more per day to 1,900.
The recommended diet contains approximately 59-percent carbohydrates, 16-percent fats, and 25-percent proteins. Carbohydrate-rich diets have worked well for my subjects over the last 30 years, and there was no reason to modify the percentages.
Related to eating fewer calories is the concept of smaller meals. My research has shown that keeping a meal at 400 calories or less facilitates fat loss and keeps the hormone responsible for fat storage in check. The idea is to plan for six eating episodes a day, and never go longer than 3 hours between a meal or a snack. Such a schedule helps you feel more satiated and less hungry throughout your waking hours.
Over the last two decades my studies have shown that most people can adhere to the same basic foods each day for breakfast, lunch, and snacks. They do, however, like a little variety at the evening meal.
Please examine the menus below. Calories for each food are listed in parentheses. The midmorning, midafternoon, and evening snacks are comprised of BioTest supplements: Classic Grow, a shake mix, and Metabolic Drive, an energy bar (see T-Nation.com). (Note: You may substitute shake mixes and energy bars with similar calorie counts.) The other meals are made from foods that are purchased in local supermarkets.
Hard-Body Menus
Men = 1,900 calories per day.
Breakfast, 400 calories
1 bagel, frozen, toasted (250) 1 slice of processed Swiss cheese (70) 3/4 cup orange juice (83) Noncaloric beverage
1 bagel, frozen, toasted (250)
1 slice of processed Swiss cheese (70)
3/4 cup orange juice (83)
Noncaloric beverage
Midmorning Snack, 180 calories
1 scoop (26 grams) Classic Grow mixed with 6 ounces of cold water (100) 1 medium-size fruit (apple, orange, banana, or 1-ounce raisins) (80)
1 scoop (26 grams) Classic Grow mixed with 6 ounces of cold water (100)
1 medium-size fruit (apple, orange, banana, or 1-ounce raisins) (80)
Lunch, 400 calories
Sandwich: 2 slices whole-grain bread (140); 1 tablespoon light mayonnaise (50); 3 ounces white meat chicken or turkey (120); 1 tablespoon sweet pickle relish (20); 2 tomato slices (14) Noncaloric beverage
Sandwich: 2 slices whole-grain bread (140); 1 tablespoon light mayonnaise (50);
3 ounces white meat chicken or turkey (120); 1 tablespoon sweet pickle relish (20);
2 tomato slices (14)
Midafternoon Snack, 300 calories
1 Metabolic Drive energy bar (220) 1 medium-size fruit (apple, orange, banana, or 1-ounce raisins) (80)
1 Metabolic Drive energy bar (220)
Dinner, 400 calories
Choice of one of three frozen, microwave meals, and a noncaloric beverage:
* Blackened Chicken, Healthy Choice (320) 1 slice whole-grain bread (70) * Glazed Turkey Tenderloins, Lean Cuisine Café Classics (260) 2 slices whole-grain bread (140) * Lasagna with Meat Sauce, Michelina's Authentico (290) 1-1/2 slices whole-grain bread (105) The tuna salad (270) below may be substituted for any of the frozen, microwave meals. In a large bowl, mix the following ingredients: 1/2 6-ounce can chunk light tuna in water, drained (90); 1/2 cup (4 ounces) whole kernel corn, canned, no salt added (60); 1/2 apple, chopped (50); 1 tablespoon sweet pickle relish (20); 1 tablespoon light mayonnaise (50) 2 slices whole-grain bread (140)
* Blackened Chicken, Healthy Choice (320)
1 slice whole-grain bread (70)
* Glazed Turkey Tenderloins, Lean Cuisine Café Classics (260)
2 slices whole-grain bread (140)
* Lasagna with Meat Sauce, Michelina's Authentico (290)
1-1/2 slices whole-grain bread (105)
The tuna salad (270) below may be substituted for any of the frozen, microwave meals. In a large bowl, mix the following ingredients:
1/2 6-ounce can chunk light tuna in water, drained (90); 1/2 cup (4 ounces) whole kernel corn, canned, no salt added (60); 1/2 apple, chopped (50); 1 tablespoon sweet pickle relish (20); 1 tablespoon light mayonnaise (50)
Evening Snack, 180 calories
Notes: Noncaloric beverages are any type of water – tap, bottled, or carbonated – soft drink, tea, or coffee with zero calories and no caffeine. Whole-grain bread – try to select a bread that lists as the first ingredient whole, sprouted, or cracked grain. Other frozen, microwave meals may be substituted for those above. Select one that has from 250 to 320 calories and no more than 5 to 7 grams of fat.
Important: Certain people should NOT adhere to a reduced-calorie eating plan. For example, teenagers, pregnant women, lactating women, or those suffering from diabetes, liver, and kidney disease, or advanced osteoporosis or heart problems. This list is not limited to just those conditions. Play it safe. Before beginning this eating plan, check with your doctor.
Strength Training
Reduced-calorie eating alone does produce weight loss. But in almost all cases, some of that weight loss comes from the muscles. Losing weight from the muscles is a critical concern: it makes you weaker and, as a result, your physical activities and performances suffer. This bodily state must not occur for long-term success, and it's certainly not appropriate for athletes who practice and perform multiple times each week.
The ideal condition is to lose weight only from your fat stores.
For this to occur, you have to strengthen your muscles at the same time that you are reducing your dietary calories. Strength training prevents the loss of fluids from your muscles. In fact, strength training can actually build from 1/2 to 1 pound of muscle per week. For this to happen, however, the exercise must be done properly.
What is proper strength training? It's certainly more than the haphazard lifting of a barbell or the reckless use of an exercise machine. My duties as Director of Research for Nautilus Sports/Medical Industries for 20 years, and my practical experience in working with hundreds of professional athletes, allow me to boil it down to four requirements. Strength training is most productive when it is slow, intense, progressive, and brief. Let's take a closer look at each requirement.
Slow: Observe the typical lifting that goes on in most gyms and fitness centers and you'll see repetitions that are performed in a fast, jerky, cheating style. Such a style is inefficient and dangerous. Slow lifting and lowering eliminates most of the momentum from the movement and transfers the resistance on the targeted muscles.
The speed of movement that I recommend is approximately 3 seconds to lift the resistance and 3 seconds to lower it. Each repetition should take 6 seconds to perform. A controlled, deliberate repetition produces more thorough muscular involvement – and it's much safer.
Intense: For efficient muscle building, the exercise must be intense. The repetitions must be continued until no additional upward movement can be accomplished in good form. The resulting condition is called momentary muscular failure. Such failure stimulates a compensatory buildup in the form of added muscle tissue, which aids the body in coping more successfully with a similar stress in the future.
When an exercise is done to momentary muscular failure, only one set is required for optimum growth stimulation. The mainstream philosophy of performing multiple sets of the same exercise is antiquated. With the right intensity, one set to failure is all you need.
Progressive: The most efficient muscle stimulation usually occurs when the resistance on the barbell or machine allows you to do from 8 to 12 repetitions. It's important to understand, however, that you should not stop an exercise simply because you've completed 12 repetitions. Always perform as many repetitions as possible – and then attempt 1 more. You'll be surprised how often you can do 1 more repetition than you anticipated. Do not hold back. Make sure each set of repetitions is your best effort – in slow form, of course.
When you can perform 12 or more repetitions of an exercise, make a written note on your routine card. Then, on the following workout, increase the resistance by 10 pounds. On a Bowflex machine, that means adding a 5-pound Power Rod to each side. Such an increase will usually reduce your repetitions to 8 or 9. It's now your goal to add a repetition each workout until 12 or more or accomplished, and the progression is continued again and again.
Systematic progress! That's why more than 50 years ago, strength training was called progressive resistance exercise. During each new workout, a trainee attempted to increase the number of repetitions or the amount of weight – or both. This proven system from the past still applies today.
Brief: A strength-training routine involving slow, intense, progressive exercise must be short in duration and repeated no more than three times per week. Much of this reasoning has to do with recovery ability and the fact that it does not increase in proportion to strength. None of the water skiers at Sea World performed more than 10 exercises per workout, and no session lasted longer than 30 minutes. In fact, 20 minutes per workout was the norm after the guys became more skilled at performing the exercises.
Training on three, nonconsecutive-days per week provides your body with needed consistency and ample recovery. Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedules are usually preferred, as was the case with the Sea World athletes.
Below is a listing of the routines that were following during the six-week study.
Hard-Body Strength-Training Routines
All the exercises during the Hard-Body study were performed on a Bowflex machine. The resistance on Bowflex is supplied by Power Rods that bend and straighten. Barbell, dumbbell,
and similar machines with weight stacks maybe substituted, if appropriate.
Weeks 1 & 2
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Bench Press 4. Biceps Curl 5. Shoulder Pullover 6. Triceps Pushdown 7. Seated Abdominal Crunch
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Bench Press 4. Biceps Curl 5. Shoulder Pullover 6. Triceps Pushdown 7. Seated Abdominal Crunch
Weeks 3 & 4
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Chest Fly* 4. Bench Press 5. Biceps Curl 6. Reverse Grip Pulldown* 7. Triceps Pushdown 8. Seated Abdominal Crunch
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Chest Fly* 4. Bench Press 5. Biceps Curl 6. Reverse Grip Pulldown* 7. Triceps Pushdown 8. Seated Abdominal Crunch
* New exercise
Weeks 5 & 6
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Leg Press* 4. Chest Fly 5. Biceps Curl 6. Reverse Grip Pulldown 7. Triceps Pushdown 8. Reverse Curl* 9. Seated Abdominal Crunch
1. Leg Curl 2. Leg Extension 3. Leg Press* 4. Chest Fly 5. Biceps Curl 6. Reverse Grip Pulldown 7. Triceps Pushdown 8. Reverse Curl* 9. Seated Abdominal Crunch
* New exercise
Research indicates that as people age, they become drier. This drying occurs throughout the body: skin, hair, internal organs, bones, muscles, and even fatty tissues. Such dehydration can go unnoticed for years. Even mild dehydration accentuates the gradual loss of muscle and the gradual gain of fat.
The cure for dehydration involves more than gulping down a little extra water. It entails the systematic and progressive sipping of from 1 to 1-1/2 gallons of ice-cold water a day. Superhydration is the name I've given this process, and it's discussed fully in Chapter 16 of The Bowflex Body Plan. When superhydration is correctly combined with reduced-calorie eating and strength training, you get a compounding, synergistic effect: you lose fat pounds and inches faster than ever!
On the other hand, if you don't get enough water, your body's reaction is to retain the water it does have. This, in turn hampers kidney function and waste products accumulate. Your liver is then called on to flush out impurities. As a result, one of your liver's main functions – metabolizing stored fat into usable energy – is minimized.
Here are the guidelines on how to take advantage of superhydration.
Age: 29 Height: 6'1" Before weight: 189 1/4 pounds. Before waist size: 33 3/4 inches. Lost 20 1/2 pounds of fat in six weeks. Built 2 1/4 pounds of muscle. Trimmed 3 1/8 inches off waist.
Maintenance Guidelines
How do you know if you've lost all of your excess fat? One general way is to recall when you were in the best shape of your life – perhaps it was, for example, when you were a junior in high school. Remember what you weighed then, as well as your waist size. Attaining those numbers may be an indication that your excess fat has been removed.
A more precise method is to perform skinfold and body-fat calculations. For more than 20 years, I've used the Pollock-Jackson body composition tables to determine percent body fat on my weight-loss subjects. These tables (see Pollock, M. L. et al.: "Measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in the clinical setting," Comprehensive Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 12-27, 1980) are based on sex, age, and the sum of three skinfold measurements.
Since I was working with athletes in this particular study, the goal for each water skier was to lower his body fat from an average of 17 percent to 6 percent. From my experience, 6 percent is a healthy level to attain. Unless you are planning to compete in a bodybuilding contest, there is no advantage to go below this level. Four of the five water skiers successfully reached 6 percent or lower, and the other finished in the 8-percent range.
Once you are satisfied with your level of body fat, the objective changes from weight loss to weight maintenance. Successful maintenance requires a continuation of the practices that were initiated over the previous six weeks. There are, however, some minor adjustments that you must make.
Follow a carbohydrate-rich, moderate-calorie eating plan: Carbohydrate-rich meals are still what you should be consuming, but your total calories per day can be increased. Generally, an active man of average height and weight should be able to maintain his weight on from 2,600 to 3,000 calories a day. An average woman would require less, say 1,800 to 2,300 calories a day.
You can determine your maintenance level by gradually adding calories back to the eating plan. A man should progress to 2,600 calories a day. Stay at this level for a week. If you are still losing weight, then raise the level by an additional 100 to 200 calories a day for the next week. In another week or two, your body weight will stabilize. You'll then know you've reached your upper maintenance calorie limit.
Eat smaller meals more frequently: You've been limiting your six meals per day to 400 calories or less per meal. Set the limit now at 500 calories per meal. Sometimes a few extra calories above 500 per meal are acceptable, but be alert. It's those large eating episodes of 600 to 1,000 calories, or even more, that force your body into a fat-storage mode.
Strength train twice a week: You must continue to strength train your newly built muscles or they will atrophy or shrink. Don't allow this wasting away to happen to your stronger, leaner body. Stronger muscles, by elevating your resting metabolism, are one of your best insurance policies against regaining fat.
The primary difference between muscle maintenance and muscle building is that you don't need to train as often. Your frequency of training may be reduced from three to two times per week. Most people on my maintenance program work out on Mondays and Thursdays.
Superhydrate with at least 1 gallon of cold water each day: You can decrease your daily water drinking slightly – from 1-1/2 gallons to 1 gallon. Never forget, however, that water supports your every function. Make superhydration a permanent part of your new lifestyle.
Get Serious and Start Florida Dreamin'
It doesn't matter if you need to lose a little – 5 pounds, or a lot – 30 pounds or more. Isn't it time that you got rid of your soft body, and permanently removed those excess pounds and inches that have accumulated around your waist?
Dan Justman, who lost 28 pounds of fat and 4 inches off his waist, said it best: "Before the program, I was sort of walking around in an eating and exercising limbo. The Hard-Body Challenge opened my eyes – and made me finally get serious."
You, too, need to open your eyes – and finally get serious. Accept the Hard-Body Challenge now.
With disciplined application of the Hard-Body guidelines, you'll be leaner, stronger, and more muscular – in six weeks or less!
There will be plenty of time left this summer to display your abs and do a little Florida Dreamin' of your own.
Note: The men had an average age of 27.8 years and an average height of 71.2 inches.
Twenty-five years ago, a 32-inch waist was what every man trying to get in shape wanted. It was a much-admired trademark of vim, vigor, and virility. Today, a fitness-minded man still wants a 32-inch waist, but he also strives for a six-pack abdominal formation etched upon the front of his midsection. For the abdominal muscles to show clearly through the skin, a man must have a very low percentage of body fat.
Since there is much emphasis on the waistline in our culture, I often take circumference measurements of the midsection at three levels: 2 inches above the navel, at the navel, and 2 inches below the navel. I've found that some men tend to lose fat first from the navel area. Others lose it above the navel, then the navel, and finally from below the navel. A few start from below and work upward. These three slightly different measurements provide insight into the fat-ordering process.
Interestingly, the Hard-Body group dropped the most from the navel area: 4 inches. They went from an average of 34.675 inches before, to 30.675 inches after. At the end of the study, each of the water skiers had – not a 32-inch waist – but a 31-inch waist, as well a muscular six pack.
Congratulations, guys, on a job well done.
— Ellington Darden
— Ellington Darden
Ellington Darden
Johan V


text:
I can't imagine any situation where knowing the lingo of pimps would come in handy.
Interested in Language
(source: Iceberg Slim - Pimp, The story of my life)
the section that contains the expression:
"My four whores been humping at the Franklin since early this morning. I can't miss a five G score for the three days even with Angelo's thirty percent off the Top. Ain't but a C a day for a girl in oil for the heat."
Glass Top (a senior pimp) explains to Slim where and how his girls are working that night. He even tells his previous calculations about how much money he will earn with that.
'C' surely means 100 $ here, but what is 'for a girl in oil for the heat'?
I can't imagine any situation where knowing the lingo of pimps would come in handy.
I just read a novel (and consider translating it to my language) and I want to understand it fully -including all the slang expressions. They could be useful for example when you read other novels, see films with similar kind of characters or you listen to some kind of music. In addition I believe that the slang of a language is not less interesting and not less telling subject for linguistic and cultural research than high-brow literature.
As I proceeded with the book (that happens to be an autobiography of a pimp but imho reveals more about the society at that times than some scientific essays) I had many questions on this forum and got very satisfying answers for them. This got me closer to the beautiful logic of English language (I am not a native speaker) Thank You! Hope someone helps me with this one as well...
oil= substance that makes things go smoothly
That is: Glass Top has to give money to the police to prevent them from disturbing his prostitution business and the required amount is $100 /girl
This sounds plausible but I'm not sure. Any other ideas?
I thik that one reason not many people respond to your questions, mrghd, is that we don't understand the language ourselves. I look at your posts from time to time to see what suggested meanings come in.
I am a native speaker of BrE, and I have been known to read the odd Damon Runyan or other dated 'low-life' literature, but I couldn't begin to answer many of the questions you have asked.
They certainly didn't cover this sort of thing in my Sunday School... for which I am eternally grateful.
I'm not a teacher of English, but I have spoken it for (almost) all of my life....
I know that it is not easy even for native speakers to interpret these quotations because it is written in a very specific subcultural language.
I also fully understand the reluctance that is caused by the subject matter of the novel. May be it does not shine through these quotations but Iceberg Slim himself is absolutely not proud of what he was and what he did. One of his main messages that while pimping may appear a glamorous and easy way of life to an outsider indeed it is not only mean and evil but also contains permanent life-danger and various kinds of suffering (jail-sentences, losing friends and relatives because of homicide or drugs, heroin-withdrawal etc.) In his last analysis: It's not worth to be a pimp. (and the cause of that there are not too much pimps confirming this is they usually don't live long enough.)
So long as some people are happy to help you, and have the ability to, keep posting.
I agree with your interpretations.
A C a day would be a hundred dollars a day, a very large sum of money at the time. The heat means the police.


text:
The 26th annual Fayette Day in Florida is coming up next month.
Ron and Vadah DeWulf are organizing the annual event scheduled at 11:30 a.m. March 10 at Ozzie's Buffet and Grill in Ruskin. Ozzie's is the same location as last year.
No reservation is required and guests will pay at the restaurant. A private dining room will be reserved for socializing.
To find Ozzie's, take Exit 240 off I-75 at the Ruskin exit (SR 674). Ozzie's is located two-tenths of a mile west on SR 675, on the right side of Sun Point Plaza.
Anyone with a Fayette affiliation is welcome to attend.
For more information, call the DeWulfs at 813/355-4023 or 419/822-7027. Contact them by e-mail at email@example.com.


text:
The Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007
Mr. Chairman, distinguished members of the committee: My name is Timothy Lynch. I am director of the Cato Institute's Project on Criminal Justice. I want to thank the committee for inviting me to testify on the question of whether Congress should enact additional hate crimes legislation.
I believe the proponents of hate crimes legislation have good and honorable intentions. They would like to see less bigotry and more good will in American society. While I share that goal, I believe Congress should decline the invitation to enact hate crimes legislation for both constitutional and practical reasons.
A. Constitutional Objection
The U.S. Constitution created a federal government of limited powers. As James Madison noted in the Federalist no. 45, "The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite." Most of the federal government's "delegated powers" are specifically set forth in article I, section 8. The Tenth Amendment was appended to the Constitution to make it clear that the powers not delegated to the federal government "are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
Crime is a serious problem, but under the U.S. Constitution it is a matter to be handled by state and local government. In Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wheat (19 U.S.) 264 (1821), Chief Justice John Marshall observed that Congress had "no general right to punish murder committed within any of the States" and that it was "clear that congress cannot punish felonies generally." Unfortunately, as the years passed, Congress eventually assumed the power to enact a vast number of criminal laws pursuant to its power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." 1
In recent years, Congress has federalized the crimes of gun possession within a school zone, carjacking, wife beating, and female genital cutting. All of that and more has been rationalized under the Commerce Clause. 2 In United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the Supreme Court finally struck down a federal criminal law, the Gun‐Free School Zone Act of 1990, because the connection between handgun possession and interstate commerce was simply too tenuous. 3 In a concurring opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas noted that if Congress had been given authority over matters that simply "affect" interstate commerce, much if not all of the enumerated powers set forth in article I, section 8 would be surplusage. Indeed, it is difficult to dispute Justice Thomas' conclusion that an interpretation of the commerce power that "makes the rest of §8 surplusage simply cannot be correct."
This Congress should not exacerbate the errors of past Congresses by federalizing more criminal offenses. The Commerce Clause is not a blank check for Congress to enact whatever legislation it deems to be "good and proper for America." The proposed hate crimes bill is simply beyond the powers that are delegated to Congress.
B. Policy Objections
Beyond the threshold constitutional problem, there are several other reasons why Congress should decline the invitation to enact hate crimes legislation. First, it is imperative that federal law enforcement focus on foreign threats, such as al‐Qaeda. One of the reasons that the terrorists were able to elude detection prior to the September 11 attacks was that the FBI was trying to do so many things that it lost sight of its most important responsibility.protecting the homeland from foreign threats. But, as former Attorney General Richard Thornburgh has noted, the FBI was only trying to respond to the additional missions that the Congress assigned to it: "In the last several decades, [Congress] has added federal criminal laws at a faster rate than ever before in American history … These new statutes have the capacity to absorb limited federal resources in the pursuit of what are, in many cases, state offenses dressed up as federal crimes." 4
Second, all of the violent acts that would be prohibited under the proposed bill are already crimes under state law. Over the last few years, there has been a great deal of publicity surrounding the brutal killings of James Byrd in Texas and Matthew Shepard in Wyoming. The individuals responsible for those murders were quickly apprehended and prosecuted by state and local authorities. Those incidents do not show the necessity for congressional action; to the contrary, they show that federal legislation is unnecessary. 5
Third, a federal law is not going to prevent anything. Any thug that is already inclined to hurt another human being is not going to lay down the gun or knife because of some new law passed by Congress. The culprits involved in the killings of James Byrd and Matthew Shepard, for example, made a conscious decision to disregard basic homicide statutes. And those murders took place in states that have the most drastic legal sanction available under the law–the death penalty. The notion that any federal hate crime law could have prevented those brutal killings is naïve.
Fourth, it is important to note that the whole concept of "hate crimes" is fraught with definitional difficulties. Hate crimes generally refer to criminal conduct motivated by prejudice. 6 Should all prejudices be included in the hate crime definition–or only a select few? The Columbine school shooting illustrates this problem. According to news reports, one of the groups targeted by the deceased teenage culprits was athletes. If the athletes had been the sole targets of the school shooting, such a crime would not have been considered a hate crime in any jurisdiction (federal or state). And yet we can be fairly certain that the perpetrators of the Colorado rampage were filled with hatred toward "jocks." For the proponents of hate crime laws, the dilemma is this: if some groups (women, gays, environmental political activists, whatever) are left out of the "hate crime" definition, they will resent the selective depreciation of their victimization. On the other hand, if all victim groups are included, the hate crime category will be no different than "ordinary" criminal law. 7
Fifth, proponents of hate crime legislation believe that such laws will increase tolerance in our society and reduce intergroup conflict. I believe hate crime laws may well have the opposite effect. That's because the men and women who will be administering the hate crime laws (e.g. police, prosecutors) will likely encounter a never‐ending series of complaints with respect to their official decisions. When a U.S. Attorney declines to prosecute a certain offense as a hate crime, some will complain that he is favoring the groups to which the accused belongs (e.g. hispanic males). And when a U.S. Attorney does prosecute an offense as a hate crime, some will complain that the decision was based upon politics and that the government is favoring the groups to which the victim belongs (e.g. Asian Americans). This has happened in some of the jurisdictions that have enacted hate crime laws at the local level. For example, when then New York City Mayor David Dinkins characterized the beating of a black man by white Jewish men as a hate crime in 1992, the Jewish community was outraged. 8 Jewish community leaders said the black man was a burglar and that some men were attempting to hold him until the police could take him into custody. The black man did not want to go to jail, so he resisted–and the Jewish men fought back. Incidents such as that illustrate that actual and perceived bias in the enforcement of hate crime laws can exacerbate intergroup relations.
Sixth, hate crimes legislation will take our law too close to the notion of thought crimes. It is true that the hate crime laws that presently exist cover acts, not just thoughts. But once hate crime laws are on the books, the law enforcement apparatus of the state will be delving into the accused's life and thoughts in order to show that he or she was motivated by bigotry. What kind of books and magazines were found in the home? What internet sites were bookmarked in the computer? Friends and co‐workers will be interviewed to discern the accused's politics and worldview. The point here is that such chilling examples of state intrusion are avoidable because, as noted above, hate crime laws are unnecessary in the first place.
The claim will doubtless be made that such problems can be avoided by "sound prosecutorial discretion" with respect to the application of hate crimes legislation. Congress should not accept that bland assurance. Consider, for example, a hate crime prosecution from Ohio. The case involved an interracial altercation at a campground and here is how the prosecutor questioned the white person accused of a hate crime:
Q. And you lived next door … for nine years and you don't even know her first name?
A. No
Q. Never had dinner with her?
A. No
Q. Never gone out and had a beer with her?
A. No. …
Q. You don't even associate with her, do you?
A. I talk to her when I can, whenever I see her out.
Q. All these black people that you have described as your friends, I want you to give me one person, just one who was a really good friend of yours. 9
This passage highlights the sort of inquisitorial cross‐examination that may soon become common whenever an accused person takes the witness stand to deny a bias or hate charge that has been lodged against him or her.
In People v. Lampkin, 457 N.E.2d 50 (1983), the prosecution presented as evidence racist statements that the defendant had uttered six years before the crime for which he was on trial. This case raises the question of whether there is going to be statute of limitations for such behavior? For example, it is not uncommon for teenagers to entertain various prejudices for brief periods and then discard them as they mature into adulthood. Is a stupid remark uttered by a 16 year‐old on an athletic field going to follow that person around the rest of his or her life? Shouldn't our law make room for the possibility that people can exhibit some variation of bigotry in life–but then change?
The good news for Congress is this: all of the problems outlined above are avoidable because hate crime legislation is unnecessary in the first place.
C. Conclusion
For all of the above stated reasons, I would urge Congress not only to decline the invitation to pass another hate crimes bill, but to repeal all existing federal hate crime laws.
1 See The Federalization of Criminal Law (American Bar Association, 1998). See also John S. Baker, Measuring the Explosive Growth of Federal Crime Legislation (The Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, 2005).
2 See Gene Healy and Timothy Lynch, "Power Surge: The Constitutional Record of George W. Bush (Cato Institute, 2006)", and Timothy Lynch, "Dereliction of Duty: The Constitutional Record of President Clinton," Cato Institute Policy Analysis no. 271, March 31, 1997, pp. 37–43.
3 See also Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005); United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).
4 Richard Thornburgh, "Well Before Sept. 11, Congress Overtaxed the FBI," New York Times, June 29, 2002.
5 If convincing evidence were presented to Congress that state officials were enforcing the local criminal law in an uneven manner so that certain citizens were being deprived of the equal protection of the law, Congress can (and should) invoke its legislative power under section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. I hasten to add, however, that a federal "hate crimes" law would be an inappropriate response to such a situation–for all of the other reasons outlined herein.
6 See Eric Pooley, "Portrait of a Deadly Bond," Time, May 10, 1999, p. 26.
7 See generally James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter, Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics (Oxford University Press, 1998).
8 See Mary B.W. Tabor, "Black is Victim of Beating By Hasidim in Crown Heights," New York Times, December 2, 1992, p. B3; Jane Fritsch, "Police Dept. Vows Caution in Labeling Crimes as Bias Cases," New York Times, December 22, 1992, p. A1.
9 See Richard Dooling, "Good Politics, Bad Law," New York Times, July 26, 1998 (quoting State v. Wyant, 597 N.E.2d 450 (1992), vacated and remanded, 113 S.Ct. 2954 (1993), reversed, 624 N.E.2d 722 (1994)).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


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We hiked through a jumbled terrain of massive slabs fallen from the cliff face and rounded boulders that have been washed by epic wind-spawned storms.
As entrances go these sea caves far surpass others that I've seen, though admittedly there are few sea caves to rival Rover's some distance further along the shore.
In the picture above Jeff and I have been hiking and reached the end of dry land. Further progress would have to be through Georgian Bay's icy water. What I found most intriguing about Cave Point was its sea caves part way up the cliffs. For the most part it looked like difficult climbing and I'd imagine few if any people have ever visited some of those harder to reach places.
See video on our trip to Cave Point (Georgian Bay)
Our initial idea had been to see if we could locate low-lying bedding plane squeezes close to the water line as we are aware that not every opening in this area is a sea cave, there is huge potential for solution caves and as has already been discovered, there are nearby that are intensely decorated with speleothems.


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Walker and Associates provides a vast range of core and access switches, edge routers, universal access routers, core network routers, and multi-access gateways designed to offer the scalability and performance needed to satisfy the most demanding network requirements.
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Super Typhoon Nepartak - flight updates for Taiwan
Passengers are reminded that the situation can change rapidly and are advised to check the latest flight information on the airline's website, www.cathaypacific.com or www.dragonair.com , before departing for the airport.
The following flights to and from Taiwan on 7 July and 8 July have been cancelled:
7 July: Hong Kong -Taipei
· Cathay Pacific flights: CX470, CX402, CX464, CX468, CX408
· Dragonair flights: KA482
7 July: Hong Kong -Taichung
· Dragonair flight: KA494
7 July: Taipei - Hong Kong
· Dragonair flight: KA483
8 July: Taipei- Hong Kong
· Cathay Pacific flights: CX463, CX465, CX407, CX403, CX469
8 July: Taichung - Hong Kong
· Dragonair flight: KA495
In addition, the following Cathay Pacific flights will omit stopover Taipei on 7 July:
Passengers who are booked on flights departing tomorrow (7 July) are encouraged to postpone non-essential travel. The airline will waive re-booking and re-routing fees for all tickets issued worldwide (irrespective of fare type) on or before 6 July for travel on Cathay Pacific and Dragonair involving Taiwan between 7 July and 8 July. Passengers without confirmed bookings are advised not to go to the airport. We will assist with alternative arrangements for affected passengers.
As Kaoshiung will be affected by crosswind in late afternoon on 7 July, customers are advised to check flight status at www.cathaypacific.com or www.dragonair.com before departing for the airport.
To ensure customers receive the latest flight status updates via SMS or email, they are advised to update their contact details in Manage My Booking at www.cathaypacific.com or www.dragonair.com.
The airline will continue to monitor the situation closely and will issue further updates should there be any changes to the flight schedule.


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2011 Clean Snowmobile Team Tests New Catalytic Muffler
Michigan Technological University's SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge team has been working with two emissions control firms to test a new, lighter, noise- and emissions-reduction system.
"The big edge is packaging and weight," said Jason Blough, the team's advisor and an associate professor of mechanical engineering-engineering mechancs. "The technology allows the catalytic converter and the muffler to be in one unit."
That's helping the Tech team address its sled's weight problem. "We've been a heavier sled, and this lets us go on a diet," said Blough. "The catalytic muffler will be smaller than the separate units we ran in the past."
Initial tests conducted on behalf of Vconverter, of Whitmore Lake, Mich., and Environmental Control Corp., of St. John's, Newfoundland, showed that the system yielded improved emission reductions. The team is also providing feedback on its overall performance and durability.
"Vconverter and Environmental Control have been excited to work with us," Blough said. "If we're successful, then there's potential for them to enter the snowmobile market."
Snowmobiles are required to meet new Environmental Protection Agency emissions standards in 2012, creating demand for next-generation technology. "The EPA is instituting tighter and tighter regulations on all engines, including lawnmowers, snowmobiles, weed whackers, snow blowers, etc." he said. "These new rules are providing an incentive to develop these technologies, and the team is excited to be a part of it."
Held March 7-12 at Michigan Tech's Keweenaw Research Center, the SAE Clean Snowmobile Challenge is a collegiate design competition of the Society of Automotive Engineers. Engineering students from participating schools take a stock snowmobile and reengineer it to reduce emissions and noise while maintaining or boosting performance. The Challenge is co-sponsored by the Keweenaw Research Center and the Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics.
Michigan Technological University is a public research university, home to more than 7,000 students from 54 countries. Founded in 1885, the University offers more than 120 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science and technology, engineering, forestry, business and economics, health professions, humanities, mathematics, and social sciences. Our campus in Michigan's Upper Peninsula overlooks the Keweenaw Waterway and is just a few miles from Lake Superior.


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This take on Minted was made by
undefined from , a member of Minted's
community of independent artists.
Ends Monday | Enjoy 30% off kids' stationery, notebooks, name labels when you join Minted More. Code: BTSMM20, ends Mon 8/10
Minted is the exclusive online source of company stationery from independent designers. Choose from our modern or classic business stationery designs, accompanied by stunning embellishments.
Professionals may completely customize Minted's community-sourced designs. Customize the details of your stationery with name, number, or any details you wish. All business stationery sets are delivered in beautiful embossed white gift boxes. This chic packaging makes them perfect for professional gifting. Love a design, but for another purpose? The message on our business stationery can be changed to anything you wish. You can customize it for practically any purpose!
Minted business stationery sets are beautifully printed on your choice of two luxurious papers. Our Signature Paper is a 130lb thick and luxurious stock complimented by an off-white hue that Minted is known for. Or, our TripleThick Paper is of unmatched quality and weight, complimented by a creamy cotton texture. This luxurious stock is so thick it is unbendable and guaranteed to leave a great impression.
At Minted we go the extra mile to make your custom products everything you imagined. Our paper stock and inks are from the finest sources available and each of our designs starts its life as the work of an independent artist. Your dedicated designer can help with all manner of customization. We ensure that you have business stationery that is uniquely you, and your clients receive quality they can feel.
We uncover design genius through ongoing design competitions. At Minted, all that matters is good design. Designers submit, and the Minted community votes to tell us what to sell.


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The Long Neck boasts a tight and shallow manoeuvre that fish find effortless to grab! A cousin of the larger Fatso lure, the Long Neck responds well in all trolling positions - particularly the long rigger. The Long Neck is a perfect choice for someone new to big game fishing and a trusty favourite for the experienced angler.
The Long Neck in Flying Squid is available in sizes Extra Small 7" and Small 9", however it should not be underestimated in terms of its capability. These feisty lures are the size of most small baitfish - all you need to do is find the target!
The Long Neck is available in three head types: Soft Skull, Hard Head and Xtreme Lumo - click here to learn more!
Be ready to fish from the moment you receive your order! Why not have your lure professionally rigged by our in-house game fishing specialists? For the ultimate rig choose the Twin Hook Shackle Rig with stainless steel Mustad 7691S big game hooks. You also have the option of a Light Twin Hook Rig with chemically sharpened Gamakatsu SL12S hooks.
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B.J. Hoeptner Evans
Manager, Media Relations and Publications
Phone: (719) 228-6800
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (July 19, 2011) – Members of the U.S. Men's National Volleyball Team will help London get ready for the 2012 Olympic Games this week when they compete at the London Volleyball International Invitational on July 20-24 at Earls Court in Great Britain.
Earls Court in west London is where the indoor volleyball tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games will take place.
The team includes two members of the 2008 Olympic men's volleyball team that won the gold medal – setter Kevin Hansen (Newport Beach, Calif.) and Riley Salmon (League City, Texas), a former outside hitter who will be making his debut at libero.
Other players making the trip "across the pond" include outside hitters Matt Anderson (West Seneca, N.Y.), Paul Lotman (Lakewood, Calif.), Jayson Jablonsky (Yorba Linda, Calif.) and Robert Tarr (Cape Canaveral, Fla.); middle blockers David Smith (Saugus, Calif.), Russell Holmes (Fountain Valley, Calif.) and Max Holt (Cincinnati, Ohio); opposites Evan Patak (Pleasanton, Calif.) and Murphy Troy (St. Louis, Mo.) and setter Brian Thornton (San Clemente, Calif.).
U.S. Head Coach Alan Knipe (Huntington Beach, Calif.) said the focus in picking the team was playing time.
"Part of the team is guys who have traveled with us a lot for World league but didn't end up playing a lot or starting a lot," Knipe said. "For some other guys, maybe they've been on the roster but haven't made the final 12 or 14."
The other teams competing at the tournament will be Brazil, Egypt, Great Britain, Mexico and Serbia. Each team will play every other team once.
Salmon, who last played with the U.S. team as an outside hitter at the 2010 World Championship in Italy, is hoping his new position will give him some longevity with the team.
"I like it a lot," he said of playing libero. "I like playing with the guys. That's something that I've always enjoyed.
"The position is not that much different for me. I was always a defensive specialist. Any offensive output we got from me, we considered it extra."
Salmon is hoping his years of experience can help the team continue to improve.
"I think our goal is just to be a little more cohesive as a team," he said "I think my job will be to bring cohesiveness back to where it was in 2008. If we can get better in between the time we get there and the time we leave, the results will speak for themselves."
The U.S. will open against Serbia on Wednesday (July 20) at 11 a.m. PT. It will play Egypt on Thursday (7 a.m. PT), Mexico on Friday (11 a.m. PT), Great Britain on Saturday (11 a.m. PT) and Brazil on Sunday (7 a.m. PT).
The first opportunity for the U.S. Men's National Team, the 2008 defending Olympic champion, to qualify for the 2012 Olympic Games will come at the FIVB World Cup on Nov. 20-Dec. 4 in Japan. The U.S. Men must qualify for the World Cup by finishing first or second at the NORCECA Men's Continental Qualifier on Aug. 29-Sept. 3 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
London Volleyball International Invitational
July 20-24 at Earls Court in Great Britain
U.S. Men's National Team Roster
No. Name (Position, Height, Hometown, College)
1. Matt Anderson (OH, 6-10, West Seneca, N.Y., Penn State)
3. Evan Patak (Opp, 6-8, Pleasanton, Calif., UC Santa Barbara)
4. David Smith (MB, 6-7, Saugus, Calif., UC Irvine)
6. Paul Lotman (OH, 6-7, Lakewood, Calif., Long Beach State)
9. Murphy Troy (Opp, 6-8, St. Louis, Mo., USC)
10. Riley Salmon (L, 6-6, League City, Texas, Pierce College)
12. Russell Holmes (MB, 6-8, Fountain Valley, Calif., BYU)
13. Brian Thornton (S, 6-3, San Clemente, Calif., UC Irvine)
14. Kevin Hansen (S, 6-5, Newport Beach, Calif., Stanford)
17. Max Holt (MB, 6-9, Cincinnati, Ohio, Penn State)
18. Jayson Jablonsky (OH, 6-5, Yorba Linda, Calif., UC Irvine)
19. Robert Tarr (OH, 6-6, Cape Canaveral, Fla., Long Beach State)
Head Coach: Alan Knipe (Huntington Beach, Calif.)
Team Manager: Bill Neville
Assistant Coach: Gary Sato (Los Angeles, Calif.)
Therapist/Trainer: Mike Sealy
Technical Coordinator: Chris Jackson (Phoenix, Ariz.)
Medical Support: Aaron Brock (Storm Lake, Iowa)
Tournament Schedule and Results (all times PT)
July 20
7 a.m. Egypt vs. Brazil
9 a.m. Mexico vs. Great Britain
11 a.m. USA vs. Serbia
July 21
7 a.m. USA vs. Egypt
9 a.m. Mexico vs. Brazil
11 a.m. Great Britain vs. Serbia
July 22
7 a.m. Egypt vs. Serbia
9 a.m. Great Britain vs. Brazil
11 a.m. USA vs. Mexico
July 23
7 a.m. Brazil vs. Serbia
9 a.m. Egypt vs. Mexico
11 a.m. USA vs. Great Britain
July 24
7 a.m. Mexico vs. Serbia
9 a.m. Egypt vs. Great Britain
11 a.m. USA vs. Brazil


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I big THANK YOU to Steve at Poorboys. His new product(s) made this old truck look amazing!
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A host of prescription drugs have been in low supply around the United States for some time, but doctors have been warning about a particularly acute shortage of a set of life-saving cancer drugs.
Now the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said today that it has taken steps to boost the supply of those cancer drugs -- Doxil, or doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection, and methotrexate.
On Doxil, the FDA plans to import temporarily a replacement drug called Lipodox to meet patient needs in coming weeks. On methotrexate, the agency expedited review of the application from the manufacturer APP Pharmaceuticals to make the necessary preservative-free drug here. Another maker, Hospira, expedited release of additional supplies, which go out today and should last a month.
The FDA has been working for some time to get the drug companies to notify the agency when shortages appear to be coming within six months. Officials have release draft guidance to industry on mandatory and voluntary notifications per an executive order from President Obama in October.
Since then, the publicity has produced a sixfold increase in voluntary notices of potential shortages, and the FDA said 114 of them were averted.
Doxil is used for many types of cancer, including ovarian cancer after other drugs failed. It's also used for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma. Methotrexate also is used to treat multiple kinds of cancer, including acute lymphocytic leukemia in children and for osteosarcoma.
The shortage of methotrexate is partially attributed to the largest manufacturer, Bedford/Ben Venue, closing its plant. But there are several reasons for other shortages, including unclean plants closing, increased demand and drug companies switching to more profitable drugs.
Latest Health
In addition to the administration action, Congress is considering a bill to require all shortages to be reported to the FDA and give the agency enforcement power. Other lawmakers are investigating the shortages.


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Feral ghost baby horror flick Mama (produced by the great monster whisperer Guillermo del Toro) might get a sequel, or even a franchise. The little horror movie was a great success for Universal and now the studio's President of Internationa, David Kosse, is teasing more.
Kosse spilled the beans to Screen Daily stating, "We think there's potential for a Mama franchise. We'd like to do another one. But those conversations are in the early stages."


text:
Beckson Newport Self-Drain Rectangular Opening Port 414
Item #:
Model #:
Packaged Weight:
3.20 Lbs.
Our Price:
Status: In Stock
Beckson Newport™ Self Drain™ Rectangular Opening Port 414
- Ideal for mounting where installation is within 15° of vertical (with spigot length up to 1" longer spigots are available for vertical installations)
- Designed with angled drainage ramp molded into straight spigot to promote drainage and allow for thru-bolting
- Design promotes drainage without having to make angled cuts in hull
- Internal angle seats tightly against gasket and lens, omitting exterior water retention ledge present in most other ports
- Watertight, UV-resistant, corrosion-free frame
- Supplied with Beckson patented cam latches, insect screen and exterior trim ring
- Beckson Model No. PO414-WC-20
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- Lens: Clear polycarbonate
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- Cutout: 14-1/2" x 4-1/2" (368 mm x 114 mm) with 1-1/4" (32 mm) corner radius
- Overall: 16-3/4" x 6-3/4" (425 mm x 171 mm)
- Spigot: Standard 2" (51 mm)*
*For best drainage, spigot should be trimmed flush with edge of trim ring after installation.


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Care to guess what IT actually is?Clue #1 It's going to be the biggest thing to hit the net since Google opened its doors.Trust me...IT might even bigger than Google
The highly-anticipated upgrade for JediDefender?
Is GNT going to sign up here?
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The Treaty of San Lorenzo
Pinckney's Treaty with Spain
As it appears in The Laws of the United States, (Pinckneys Treaty) Folwell's, Philadelphia, 1796.
Often glossed over if not overlooked in many history books, The Treaty of San Lorenzo between Spain and the United States played a major role in the expansion of the infant nations boundaries. Preceded by the acquisition of lands set forth by the Northwest Ordinance eight years earlier, and soon-to-be followed by the Louisiana Purchase eight years later, the Treaty of San Lorenzo (also known as Pinckneys Treaty) opened up the Mississippi River to American navigation.
Negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, Americas special envoy to Spain, the agreement also allowed western settlers the "right to deposit" their exports in New Orleans and to engage in commercial transactions within that city. This was of vital importance to the more than 100,000 westerners who lived in Kentucky and Tennessee, and to the many thousands of settlers who lived in what is now Ohio. Under the treaty Spain officially recognized the southern and western boundaries of the U.S. as the 31st parallel and the Mississippi River. Thus, the treaty allowed the U.S. to gain access to the area now known as the states of Mississippi and Alabama.
The treaty was signed at San Lorenzo El Real on October 27, 1795.
All rights reserved. For details and contact information:
See License Agreement, Copyright Notice.


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It's amazing most auto glass shop owners overspend to make the phone ring. It's kinda like the spray and pray method of advertising. Get in control of your advertising costs with Lead Link Media pay per call for auto glass shops. Our clients pay as little as just $10 for every new customer we delivered.
If your not familiar with pay per per call advertising or how it works give me a call or watch the video.
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Watch Our Video.


text:
The way of the Bee (Natural Beekeeping)
article by milkwoodkirsten
Bees just want to be bees. I've learned recently that, like most things in nature, a honeybee colony is most happy, calm and resilient when it's left to do what it does best. For bees, this means forage for nectar and pollen, raise a brood, and make honey. And bees want to do this in their own time, on their own schedule, and with the freedom to respond to each unique season. Which is quite contrary to how we currently manage bees. So what's going on here?
Our species' treatment of the honeybee is a striking metaphor for our wider relationship with nature. In short, we started out okay, with a suitable amount of reverence, and then we progressively sought to bend the way of the bee to our wishes, convenience and ultimately, gross profit at the expense of all else. The result of this treatment has pushed the honeybee (a primary pollinator of most things we eat) to the point of collapse, and now we're wondering what went wrong and how the heck to fix it. Sound familiar?
Until recently I thought beekeeping was pretty simple and straight forward. Don't you just get a hive, plunk some bees in it, put it somewhere suitable, check it lots for disease, then harvest honey once a year? But once i started thinking, reading and chatting about it, I realized there are ways and there are ways…
…a bee colony is a finely tuned super-organism with about 40 million years of evolutionary backup. Bees have been refining what they do for a bloody long time, and they've got things pretty much sorted. Understanding how they operate in a completely natural system is a good starting point for understanding their needs.
So natural beekeeping (as opposed to not-quite-as-bad-as-conventional beekeeping, sometimes called by the same name) is all about letting bees be bees, and harvesting surplus honey when it is available. In the meantime, you get fantastic fertility from having so many pollinators around, and you're creating resilient colonies which are disease resistant.


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Just recently finished up two more mini landscapes. This first one is from a picture I took driving down to the Red River Gorge in Kentucky. I think the landscape surrounding route 71, in between Columbus and Cincinnati, is always amazing. The farm land is so flat and you can see for miles.
This next one is from a picture as well. I was missing the warm western landscape a few days ago when the weather was cold again here, so I was looking back through my pictures from Arizona and found one with this great mesa in it. I completely forgot about this picture so it was fun to paint and pretend to be back in the sun and warmth.
Both paintings are 2" x 3" and are done in acrylic paint.