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MY PARENTS were immigrants. Mother was born in Trieste, and Father was born in Foggia, Italy. I came along some three or four years after their passage through Castle Garden. Father was a musician. From what I learned later, the family had a modest but comfortable apartment in New York when I was born. Mother was a pretty little immigrant girl and had made friends in the neighborhood.
Two of these friends my mother had made by the time I came along were the mothers of sons who became associated with my activities in New York City. Mrs. Charles Kohler's son Charlie became a Tammany leader and a great influence in that organization. We always remained good friends, though I did put Charlie out of business. My mother's other friend was the mother of Dr. John Wade, who became during my administration Superintendent of Schools in New York, the greatest school system in the entire world. I had nothing to do with his promotion, but we developed a sentimental feeling for each other, though I did not meet him until I became President of the Board of Aldermen in 1920.
Mrs. Kohler was a sweet lady of Swiss origin. She was most kind to me at a time when I needed it. When I was a clerk in the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1906, at $10 a week, Mrs. Kohler managed to feed and house me within my modest income during the three months that I held that job. She also took up the cudgels in my behalf politically and otherwise. When I was running for Congress in 1910 from a district in Greenwich Village, Charlie Kohler was a Tammany big shot in that Congressional district. One Saturday night when nearly every corner was covered with a truck and red lights and a campaign meeting, Mother Kohler was coming home from her Saturday night shopping, loaded with bundles, bags, and baskets. She stopped at one of the street corner meetings to listen and heard a Tammany orator lambaste me, telling the people that I was an immigrant just arrived, nothing but a "wop," and not fit to represent the great Fourteenth Congressional District in Washington. My opponent, then representing that great district in Congress, was President of the National Liquor Dealers' Association. Mother Kohler shouted out: "That's not so, that's a lie! Fiorello was born right in this districtl And you wait till Charlie gets home, I'll fix him! Cut that out and tell the truth!" And did Charlie get it when he came home!
I was only a few months old when my father joined the Army. He was the leader of the 11th U.S. Infantry Band. We went through South Dakota, but of course I have very little recollection of our time there, just one hazy childhood memory of a prairie fire. From there the regiment was moved to Madison Barracks, Sackets Harbor, New York, and then to Arizona.
All my boyhood memories are of those Arizona days. To me that is truly God's country—I love everything about it. Perhaps my memories of Arizona are so pleasant because I had a happy, wholesome boyhood. My parents were of the doting kind—too much love for their children and not the best of judgment in guiding their education; something for which I paid dearly in later years when 1 had to make up the deficiencies.
Our first Army station in Arizona was at Fort Huachuca, where we arrived in the late eighties. Its location, miles and miles from urban civilization, its barren hills and bleak surroundings, made it exceedingly unpleasant and undesirable for grown-ups but a paradise for a little boy. We could ride burros. Our playground was not measured in acres or city blocks, but in miles and miles. We could do just about everything a little boy dreams of. We talked with miners and Indians. We associated with soldiers and we learned to shoot even when we were so small the gun had to be hold for us by an elder. My family had a two-room dobe house, with a detached kitchen. The kitchen had a canvas roof, and the house had plank sides and flooring. It sure looked great to a small boy.
From Fort Huachuca our regiment was moved to Whipple Barracks, near Prescott, Arizona. My memories of Prescott are that it was the greatest, the most comfortable, and the most wonderful city in the whole world, whatever anybody might say about New York or Paris. People were so nice. Father was popular in the town, and as children of the Army bandmaster, my sister and I, though little kids, performed for all sorts of benefits. I played the cornet; and Gemma the violin, while Father accompanied us on the piano.
Army life was quite different in the eighteen eighties and nineties from what it is today. The pay of an enlisted man was $9 a month. The food was real, honest-to-goodness he-man Army food. Soldiers were tough. They had to be to survive existing conditions. All the officers were West Point men. A first lieutenant was 'way past middle age before he was in line for promotion to a captaincy. The distinction between commissioned officers and enlisted men was great. And that distinction went all the way down to the kids on the Post. It never bothered me very much because I did not adhere to such rules. I would just as soon fight with an officer's kid as I would with anyone else. Many of my experiences as an Army brat were useful to me when as a legislator I had to study bills affecting our Army and could apply this firsthand knowledge.
I attended the public school in Prescott. I thought it was a grand school. At first we had three or four teachers and later on a staff of five or six. They came from various parts of the United States. From what I heard later, I was a headache to every one of them. I have had a great deal to do with teachers since then: twelve years as Mayor, with 38,000 of them in our school system. Maybe it is sentiment, but that bunch of Arizona public school teachers still seems to me about the best in the whole world. That does not mean that I was not walloped by them.
Lena Coover was my favorite, and I was taunted by the kids for being teacher's pet. She was the prettiest little thing. She looked so young. She came from Iowa Normal, and as the Prescott job was her first, she was jittery about it. We were quick to catch her nervousness. We made the most of it. She learned a lot from us, and I used to tell her in later years that we, and not the Iowa Normal School, made her a teacher. On the first day she corrected my arithmetic paper. Some of the examples were wrong, and she did not notice them. The next day I purposely gave some wrong answers. Again the paper came back marked correct. Like the fresh kid I was, I went up to her desk the next day and said, "Look here, teacher, you better learn arithmetic if you are going to teach us," and I pointed out the mistakes to her. Was her pretty little face red!
Well, she did learn arithmetic, and by the time we were through with her she could put us through the mathematical ropes. Miss Lena lives in Los Angeles, and I have seen her from time to time. The same mutual affection that existed during the time when I was the bane of her life exists today. She thinks I am a great statesman, and I think she is a great teacher, which just about makes us even.
WHAT I saw and heard and learned in my boyhood days in Arizona made lasting impressions on me. Many of the things on which I have such strong feelings—feelings which some of my opponents have regarded as unreasonable obsessions—were first impressed on my mind during those early days, and the knowledge I acquired then never left me. On some of those things I believe I am so right in my attitude that I remain uncompromising.
For instance, there is the professional politician. Though I have been in politics for well over forty years, I loathe the professional politician. I have never been a regular. I have fought political machines and party politics at every opportunity. This attitude had its origin in the loudly dressed, slick and sly Indian agents, political appointees, I saw come into Arizona. The first time I ever heard the word politician was at Fort Huachuca, when I was still a small child. The word was applied to those Indian agents. I learned afterwards that they got the jobs because they were small-fry ward heelers. I saw hungry Indians, and the little Indian kids watched us while we munched a Kansas apple or ate a cooky Mother baked. I knew, even as a child, that the government in Washington provided food for all these Indians but that the "politicians" sold the rations to miners and even to general stores, robbing the Indians of the food the government provided for them. That was my first contact with "politicians."
My Arizona days made a lasting impression on me of the tinhorn and his ways. Professional gamblers in the West were known as tinhorns. To me they have been tinhorns ever since. But there is one thing that could be said about the professional gambler of over half a century ago in the West: if he was alive, it was a fair assumption that he had not been caught gypping. Gamblers and saloonkeepers were an important part of pioneer Weston life, but they were never a reputable part of the community. I remember very well how it used to be said that a gambler or a saloonkeeper could not join the Masons or the Elks. Gamblers were tolerated and patronized but not accepted. If a tinhorn in the West was caught cheating, he would never play another game—and there was no coroner's inquest. When I became Mayor of New York, I did my best to make life difficult for tinhorns. They did not have to worry about being shot when caught red-handed, but they were made to fear the law.
My first attempt at applied mathematics—I must have been fourteen or fifteen then—was to figure out the percentage against the player in a crap game, a faro game, and what was then called "policy," now known as "the numbers," "bingo," and other fancy names as well as the old name "policy." Nearly every saloon in Prescott had its gambling department, mainly crap, faro, and some Chinese game. There was, of course, a good deal of poker played—not under professional auspices. These games must have been exciting, according to the stories we kids would hear: the guns were laid on the table at easy reach, and of course the games were on the level.
Policy came to town. I remember Mother telling me that it was the same as lotto, which was sponsored in her native Trieste by the city or the state. Mother would play a 10 cent policy slip almost every week. If she had an exceptional dream, she would risk a quarter. She never won. No one else I knew ever won. The game did not last very long in Prescott and folded up after a few months. I figured it out then as nothing but petty larceny from the pockets of the poor, and showed Mother how she couldn't win.
I was astounded when I finally returned to New York to live, in 1906, to find the great influence there of professional gamblers, numbers monarchs, and big bookies, with their close political and judicial connections. They also had many, many friends among the press. I do not mean the reporters. It is easy for this scum of society, these economic vermin, to make friends when they are able to take bets and pay cash if the influential one "happens" to win, and to give unlimited credit if Mr. Big Shot "happens" to lose. They are no good. They never were any good in Prescott or New York, and they never will be any good anywhere.
Another early impression that made its mark on my mind was gained from watching the railroad being built between Ashfork, Prescott, and Phoenix. There was no machinery used then. It was all manpower and draft animals. The laborers were all immigrants, mostly Mexicans and Italians. If a laborer was injured, he lost his job. If he was killed, no one was notified, because there was no record of his name, address, or family. He just had a number. As construction moved on, it left in its wake the injured, the jobless, the stranded victims. Even as a young boy, this struck me as all wrong, and I thought about it a great deal. The more I thought about it, the less able I was to make sense out of that kind of situation.
Years later, when I studied law, I learned about such things as "assumed risk," "the fellow servant rule," "contributory negligence," and other similar principles of law, all for the benefit of the employer. I still thought they were all wrong, and later, as a legislator, I did what little I could to have these antiquated eighteenth-century rules of law changed. None of them are in use today. Employers' liability, workmen's compensation laws for injury, safeguards against accidents, sanitary and safety laws in factories and for other jobs, unemployment insurance, have taken their place. It was this early glimpse of the condition of working people, of their exploitation and their utter lack of protection under the law, which prompted me to take an interest on their side in society. I hope I have made a contribution to progress in this respect.
I remember when the troops were called out to guard the property of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad during the great Pullman strike of 1894. I was twelve years old then, and it was the first strike I ever knew. I was deeply interested. The whole thing had started with a small group of workers in the bedding department of the Pullman Company, and it spread until it became a general railroad strike throughout the country. Even then, as a boy, it occurred to me that surely there should be some way of settling labor disputes of this kind, and that the law should afford equal protection to both sides. I recognized the necessity for President Cleveland's order that there should be no interference with transportation of the United States mail. But I did not quite understand why it was unlawful for employees to inform other employees of grievances, or why they should be kept away from one another by a court mandate, enforced by bayonets of United States soldiers.
These memories were very helpful. It was nearly a lifetime later, as a member of Congress, that I had the opportunity of taking part in preparing the Railway Labor Act and in the passage of the Norris-La Guardia Anti-injunction Act. The job is not yet completed. Satisfactory machinery for equitable and just settlement of labor disputes is still required. I do hope some day to see that job completed.
OUT there in Arizona I also got my first glimpse of racial feeling born of ignorance. I must have been about ten when a street organ-grinder with a monkey blew into town. He, and particularly the monkey, attracted a great deal of attention. I can still hear the cries of the kids: "A dago with a monkey! Hey, Fiorello, you're a dago too. Where's your monkey?" It hurt. And what made it worse, along came Dad, and he started to chatter Neapolitan with the organ-grinder. He hadn't spoken Italian in many years, and he seemed to enjoy it. Perhaps, too, he considered the organ-grinder a fellow musician. At any rate, he promptly invited him to our house for a macaroni dinner. The kids taunted me for a long time after that. I couldn't understand it. What difference was there between us? Some of their families hadn't been in the country any longer than mine.
I have heard Gilbert and Sullivan's Pinafore in almost every language, in many countries, and in the rendition of the song, "For He Is an Englishman," the traditional gesture mimicking the organ-grinder and the word "Eyetalian" have always annoyed me.
Early in my first administration as Mayor, a traffic report by the Police Department showed that among the obstacles to free traffic was the nuisance of the street organ-grinder. It was with a great deal of gusto that I banned the organ-grinder from the streets of the city of New York. I caused some resentment among those who were sentimental about organ-grinders. One woman came up to me at a social function and berated me mildly for depriving her of her favorite organ-grinder. "Where do you live?" I asked. "Park Avenue," she said. "What floor?" "The fourteenth," she answered.
In addition to the fact that I never did like organ-grinders ever since my days of ridicule in Prescott when that one organ-grinder came to town, I felt that they made our traffic problem in New York more difficult. I was accused by some New Yorkers who liked them of having no sentimental feelings about organ-grinders, of having no soul, of oppressing the poor, of neglecting more important things to deprive old residents and young children of their pleasure. Some of my correspondents were genial and some were angry. Cornelia Otis Skinner, Beatrice Kaufman, Viola Irene Cooper, were among the literary defenders of the hurdy-gurdy.
Petitions were got up urging me to rescind the order. My answer to my critics was that there had been a time when the hurdy-gurdy was the only means of bringing music to many people. That was also the time before automobiles filled our streets. With the advent of the phonograph and the radio that time had passed. Free public concerts in parks, libraries, museums, and other public places had given ample opportunity to hear music. But, more important, traffic conditions had changed. Children were endangered by trucks and other automobiles when they gathered in the middle of streets to hear and watch the organ-grinders. Also, the simple, sentimental hurdy-gurdy man had become a victim of a racket. My sentimental correspondents did not realize that the Italians' instruments were rented to them by padrones at exorbitant fees. Their licenses from the city were in reality licenses to beg. About a year before I banned the organ-grinders, I had terminated the contract with musicians on city ferryboats, on the grounds that these were merely licenses to beg issued by the city. Despite these reasons, which I gave to my correspondents in answer to their protests, the defenders of the hurdy-gurdy men kept on writing to me for over a year, and some of them warned me that they wouldn't vote again for a man without a soul.
IT WAS during my boyhood in Arizona that I first learned about corrupt local government, and I got my political education from Pulitzer's New York World. We had two newspapers in Prescott, the Journal Minder and the Prescott Courier. Those were typical Bret Harte Western newspapers, devoted mostly to local news. When the Sunday edition of the New York World arrived in Prescott on the following Friday or Saturday, I would rush to Ross's drugstore, where it was on display. There I had looked at the first funny sections I had ever seen, featuring the Yellow Kid. From that comic strip came the expression "yellow journalism." I have enjoyed the comics ever since.
When I got home with the Sunday World, I would carefully read every word of the World's fight against the corrupt Tammany machine in New York. That was the period of the lurid disclosures of corruption in the Police Department made by the Lexow investigations—corruption that extended throughout the political structure of the city. The papers then were filled with stories of startling crookedness of the police and the poll. ticians in New York. Unlike boys who grow up in the city and who hear from childhood about such things as graft and corruption, the amazing disclosures hit me like a shock. I could not understand how the people of the greatest city in the country could put up with the vice and crime that existed there. A resentment against Tammany was created in me at that time, which I admit is to this day almost an obsession. But I did not become cynical or lose faith in government. I was certain that good people could eliminate bad people from public office. But as I grew older, my hatred of corrupt politicians and my feeling against dishonest and inefficient government increased with the years in proportion with my experience of it.
When I went to live in New York again after my return from Europe in 1906, Tammany was once more all-powerful. It was the era of "honest graft." When I had to choose a political party, my choice was easy. I joined the Republican Party. I was young and innocent. A party in the minority cannot help being good and pure. That seemed the only avenue I could choose at the time in order to carry out my boyhood dreams of going to work against corrupt government.
There was, of course, great excitement at Whipple Barracks in Prescott when the news reached us that the U.S. Battleship Maine had been blown up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on February 16, 1898. The Postal Telegraph operator in Prescott pasted up Associated Press bulletins on the Maine disaster as soon as they came in, and along with the other children of Army men, as well as the parents, I watched and waited eagerly for the latest news. We expected war momentarily, especially after the news came that two hundred and fifty American lives had been lost.
In about ten days, orders came for our regiment to get itself ready for war. Inventories were taken. The equipment of some other regiments and of National Guard units was not up to date, but our regiment had the modern Krag-Jorgensen rifles. Some of our noncommissioned officers had seen service in the Civil War.
As the weeks passed and there was still no declaration of war, there was a feeling in our military circles that President McKinley was hesitating too long. But it finally came on April 6, and our regiment was soon sent to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri. It remained there for a few days and then went into camp at Mobile, Alabama, but the families of the officers and enlisted men remained in quarters at Jefferson Barracks.
Though I was only fifteen years old, I was restless and wanted to join the Army. My age, and the fact that I was short and under the required weight, made that impossible. But I persuaded the St. Louis Post-Dispatch to pay my fare to the camp at Mobile where my father was stationed. I did a couple of articles for the Post-Dispatch from the camp.
As an Army child I was familiar with drill and other training courses. I noticed at that time that it was very difficult to train Army officers quickly, though it was easy to train a large body of men in a hurry once you had the officers to do the job. This knowledge was very useful to me later when I was a legislator, and particularly when I became a member of the House Committee on Military Affairs. I also noticed at that time that the Medical Corps was both inefficient and insufficient in the Spanish-American War. During the First World War the Medical Corps brought its technique and efficiency almost to perfection. In the Second World War it surpassed anything that had been attained previously in this or perhaps any other country. But the government's record as a whole during the Spanish-American War was not up to the heroism of our men who took part in that war.
One of the worst scandals of our entire military history occurred during this short Spanish-American War and made a lasting impression upon me, for my father was one of its victims. Corrupt contractors supplied the Army with diseased beef. My father became so ill as a result of eating some of this beef that he had to be discharged from the service on account of disability. Though we did not know it then, he had only a few years to live because of the work of crooked Army contractors.
That experience never left my mind. When I became a Congressman during World War I, the first measure I introduced in the House was a bill providing the death penalty for contractors who supplied defective food or other supplies and equipment in time of war, and a heavy jail sentence if they sold such stuff in time of peace. I introduced that measure on April 3, 1917, a few days before Congress declared war on Germany. It was referred to the Committee on Judiciary, whore it was allowed to languish. But I still think it is a good idea. It might prevent other families from losing their fathers.
After Father's discharge from the Army, our family returned to New York City, where we renewed old acquaintances. Then the family went to Trieste, to live with my mother's family. It was while we were in Trieste that my father died in 1901, a victim of condemned Army meat.
After my family moved to Trieste, all we had to live on was my father's small pension from the Army. I had to get a job. Raymond Willey, American Consular Agent in Fiume, got me a job as clerk in the American Consulate in Budapest. Although the government did not pay me much of a salary, it was a good opportunity to learn useful things and gain valuable experience.
Frank Dyer Chester, of Boston, was the Consul General at Budapest. He was most helpful in guiding me in my studies, particularly in the study of languages. My ears were accustomed to Italian, and the smattering of Latin I had picked up in school made the Italian language comparatively easy, but I began to study it and German systematically. Mr. Chester did me a good turn by sending me to Croatia one summer for four months for the express purpose of studying Croatian. Croatian was tough, with its seven cases, all of them used, and its many conjugations of verbs. While I never pretended to be expert in this language, I did learn enough of it to pass a Civil Service examination later, which enabled me to get a job as interpreter at Ellis Island when I was working my way through law school.
I devoted a good deal of my spare time while in the consular service to the study of history as well as languages. I laid a groundwork then that was very useful to me later. I kept informed about current events at home by reading every newspaper and magazine I could lay my hands on.
When Raymond Willey went back to the United States to become associated with the Harbison-Walker Refractories Company, he got me his post as Consular Agent in Fiume. Since I was not yet twenty-one, I could serve only as Acting Consular Agent until February, 1904, when my commission, signed by Secretary of State John Hay, was sent to me.
When I took over the office in Fiume, I had no assistance and acted as boss, clerk, and my own messenger. On several occasions I had to make decisions which would have got me into trouble had I guessed wrong. My salary was the munificent sum of $800 a year. The law provided that certain posts were to be paid out of the consular fees collected. But if my fees at the minor post in Flume ever exceeded $1000 in any one year, the government took the balance. But at least I was sure of my $66 a month. I got along all right financially. My $800 was equal to 4000 crowns, and I managed to hold my own socially with the local government officials and junior army officers with whom I associated. That was all that was expected of me. Of course, I could not afford to gamble or indulge in many of the popular vices—an indulgence which got many of our young foreign service officers into trouble. When it was all over, I just about broke oven. I had no debts and I had no cash.
During my three years in Fiume, I not only met many interesting people, but I had a chance to observe situations, locally troublesome then, which later became matters of international importance. The Croatians with whom I came into contact at this time hated the Hungarian government passionately. They had every reason to do so. The Hapsburg policy was the age-old one of divide and conquer. It was put into practice every day before my eyes. Antagonisms and hatreds were carefully and systematically engendered. The Croatians were brought up to hate the Serbians and trained and aided by the government in that hatred. All of the South Slavic groups were kept at one another's throats. Any sensible person could see the devastating effect of this unchristian, inhuman system of teaching people to hate one another.
The Serbians, Croatians, Dalmatians, Bosnians, Herzegovinians, Montenegrins, Slovenes, all similarly exploited, all kept in the same abject poverty, were stimulated to take their hatreds out on one another instead of their exploiters. Their only real difference was that some of them were communicants of the Roman Catholic Church and others of the Greek Orthodox Church. Both these churches had practically the same beliefs and dogmas. And the Hapsburg politicians kept up a constant instigation among all of them to hate their neighbors, the Italians. It is no wonder that after centuries of such influences there are misunderstanding and lack of harmony among these people, who have finally been brought together under one government.
The same tactics, the same intrigues, were practiced by larger nations, I have since noticed. For reasons I could never understand, some nations would like to ace internecine strife continue in the Balkans. The people of the United States have never been familiar with the political background of these unhappy peoples of southeastern Europe. Even with some knowledge of their history and past sufferings it is difficult enough to understand these complex relationships and the conditions existing in these countries.
The various Slavic elements in this part of the world where I gained my first practical experience of foreign affairs will get along after hereditary memories are dimmed. But these people must he given a chance and time to forget as well as to learn. It took about seventy years to soften the feeling between the North and the South in these United States after the Civil War, and there are still a few scars that have not been fully healed. We were at odds for only four years. In the old Austro-Hungarian Empire a series of wars down through the last three centuries heightened racial antagonisms and increased national prejudices.
WHEN I went to Flume in the autumn of 1903, the Cunard Line had just opened a semimonthly passenger service between Fiume and New York. Four slow-speed steamers were put into this service. As no one in the Budapest office had had any experience with immigrants to America, I had to start from scratch. I read everything we had about immigration, including the quarantine regulations and the duties required of consular officers dealing with immigrants. The laws, rules, and regulations were not annotated, and there was very little in our limited library on the subject. But I did gather that I had to certify to the health of all passengers and crews and give the ship a certificate that it had cleared from a port free from contagious diseases or illnesses subject to quarantine regulations and that bedding and other household goods had been properly fumigated. I learned that the passengers were required to go aboard ship as late as possible before actual sailing time. But the rules and regulations made no mention of specific duties of consular officers stationed at ports of embarkation and placed on them no definite responsibilities in connection with immigrants and the process of immigration. Only in the quarantine regulations was it suggested that consular officers should "ascertain" the facts concerning the health of the passengers and crews of departing ships and should be "satisfied" that conditions and facts were in keeping with the certificates they issued.
It occurred to me that with so many causes for exclusion of immigrants and so many restrictions on their entry into the United States, it was strange that there should be no definite provision for inquiry, investigation, and checkup in the country of origin or at the port of embarkation, where accurate information was available. I discussed this situation with my immediate superior, the Consul General, who agreed with me that I could retain physicians to inspect immigrants at the time of their embarkation. He also agreed that since anyone afflicted with a contagious or loathsome disease was inadmissible under our immigration laws, such persons could be prevented from sailing under the more explicit regulations of the Quarantine Law.
Being new at Fiume, I took a look around and decided to retain a certain resident practicing physician who had a good reputation and took an interest in public health matters. I found him to be much interested in the subject and that he had given it a great deal of thought. He told me that he had been particularly concerned about the local health of a small community like Flume in relation to the constant flow of large numbers of transients into the town, on their way to America. The population of Fiume in 1903-1906 was only about 30,000, and the estimated number of immigrants was 2500 a month.
The day of the sailing of an emigrant ship arrived soon after I became Acting Consular Agent. About eighty emigrants were to embark, and I was invited to "tea" on board ship. I cannot describe the surprise and consternation of the Cunard officials when I arrived with my doctor and inquired about the health of the passengers. To say that the representatives of the steamship company were horrified is putting it mildly. The local Hungarian authorities were just confused. They, like myself, had had no previous experience in these matters.
The Cunard officials insisted vigorously that I had no authority to inspect emigrants, told me that they had been carrying passengers to America since before I was born, and stated flatly that they would not permit either my doctor or myself to "look at an emigrant." The Hungarian officials said that if it were possible to detect anyone who would be inadmissible before he sailed, they could not see why it was not the humane thing to do.
I left the ship, and a few minutes after I got back to my office on the Corso, a clerk came for the bill of health with the five-dollar fee required for it. I refused to issue the bill of health. The Cunard officials soon realized, for the first time apparently, that I meant business. The captain of the ship was worried, he came to the Consulate personally to protest, but he remained to plead with me. I told him that if he would disembark the emigrants and permit me to examine them, I would be glad to do so, but that if he did not consent to that, I would insist on disinfecting the entire ship. He asked for an hour's time, and we went back to the ship together.
The emigrants were all on deck. I examined each one of them with my doctor and stamped their cards, while the Cunard representative and the British Consul filed a formal protest against my action. They paid the fee for the bill of health but refused to pay my doctor's fee. They claimed that for me to demand that they pay the doctor was "adding insult to injury." I was not worried about that. I know that another ship was coming along soon. When that ship arrived, I made the line pay the doctor's fee for the previous ship, the Aurania, and deposit enough money to pay for the doctor's fee on the second ship. They had to do it to got clearance, but they did it all under protest, pending a decision from Washington on my ruling.
Before long there was complete cooperation on the part of the steamship line, and we had a smaller percentage of rejections for health at Ellis Island than any other port in the world. The routine became well established. Inspection was speedy and efficient, and we saved many hundreds of innocent people from the expense of taking a trip all the way to New York only to be found inadmissible on health grounds and sent back.
Fiume was the only port where emigrants were inspected before embarkation. During my time there, from 1903 to 1906, we must have inspected at least eighty to ninety thousand of them.
Twenty-five years later it was a source of great satisfaction to me to see a bill presented to Congress by the Department of Labor asking that such examinations as I had instituted be made mandatory all over the world. Public Health Service doctors were assigned to ports of embarkation to give the examinations. The system should have been a source of satisfaction to the steamship line, too, and was of great importance to the poor emigrants, for in the three years of my service at Fiume we had only forty-five emigrants rejected for trachoma, while the average rejection for that disease from other ports was about twenty-five for each ship reaching the United States.
The examination of emigrants and the scenes when they boarded ship were picturesque and created quite a lot of interest and excitement in the small port city of Fiume. Each emigrant carried his bag, crammed with all his worldly goods; the children tagged along behind their parents. They all walked up to a platform, stepped up to a doctor, who examined them for physical defects, took their temperature by feeling them, and then passed them on to the next doctor for examination of their eyes for trachoma, which was the most prevalent infectious disease at the time. The thousands of emigrants rejected every year at Ellis Island because of trachoma went back to their native lands disappointed, heartbroken, broke, for they had sold all their property and taken all their savings to pay for their passage to the land of hope.
(to be continued)
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subset: commoncrawl


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As the sole full time member of Joan Of Arc, Tim Kinsella doesn't make life easy for himself. Despite his deft skills as a songwriter and lyricist, he sometimes seems too willing to experiment and obscure his work behind concepts that don't always come across as well as intended. On the one hand, this does mean that as a band, Joan Of Arc rarely repeats itself, an admirable quality, and one that can provide rewarding results for the long-term fan. On the other hand, it does mean that some records sound like a sprawling impenetrable mess, rather than the high concept work that was intended. Life Like, the group's fifteenth album, eschews any sort of avant-garde tendencies and instead opts for actual songs. The result is a focused and surprisingly restraint affair, words which are rarely associated with a Joan Of Arc record.
Life Like sees the band strip down to its core of bass, drums and guitars. Gone are the electronic flourishes, the sampling and studio experimentation of previous outings; the Joan Of Arc of Life Like are a taut rock outfit, with no time for messing around. This streamlined approach is down as much to choice as necessity. Raising funds through a Kickstarter campaign, the group only had five days to record. With a limited budget, and limited time, sticking to the script is vital. That's not to say that all the band's calling cards are gone. Tim Kinsella's voice still operates in that weird area somewhere between a warble and a screech. Angular, spidery guitar parts in awkward tunings come courtesy of Victor Villarreal, aka one of the best guitarists of the last 20 years. For some, the news that Villarreal appears on the record is reason enough to like Life Like. His return to music after ten years will no doubt have some Kinsella fan boys shitting their pants. Luckily, he doesn't disappoint.
The most out there moment on the album comes right at the beginning, with opener 'I Saw the Messed Binds of My Generation', a mostly instrumental guitar workout that clocks in at just under ten minutes. It's also the only song title to feature any clumsy punning, another Kinsella trademark. Elsewhere, 'Like Minded' features the kind of syncopated bass & drums, coupled with delicate guitar picking that Chicago bands seem to do so well, whilst 'Deep State' features some guitar tapping that seems at once to outshine both John Fahey and Ian Williams. If anything, Life Like is Villarreal's album. His guitar work provides the flourishes and intricacies that underpin every moment of the album, that pull the songs together and accentuate every moment.
Joan Of Arc, and the various related bands are blessed with the great advantage of being a cult band. Regardless of the quality of their output, there'll always been a portion of their fan base that will appreciate whatever their next move may be. Tim Kinsella could fart into a microphone and at least one person would claim it to be the best thing ever. So where does that leave Life Like? It's a strong record, not their best, but better then the last one, easier going then the one previous to that. If anything, it's closer in feel to the Owls' self titled album then anything in the Joan Of Arc back catalogue. The lack of any real experimentation does mean that it fails to match the very best of the Joan Of Arc, but the consistency and restraint on display puts Life Like in a lot, lot better light then some of the group's hugely varied output.
7David Pott-Negrine's Score


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Have a Feel-Good Summer
Jul 20, 2015 03:47AM
By Family Features
For many, making better-for-you food decisions and staying physically active go hand in hand with maintaining a quality lifestyle.
According to an article published by the Mayo Clinic, those who engage in regular physical activity enjoy the benefits of improved mood, more energy, better sleep and much more. For consumers who want to maintain healthy lifestyles, the NuVal® Nutritional Scoring System, which is found in grocery stores across the U.S., is easy to use for identifying summer snacks and meal items to energize fitness activities.
"Consumers deserve to get the most nutritional bang for their buck," says Mike Nugent, NuVal General Manager. "That's why NuVal scores were developed — to support healthy lifestyles. The scores analyze the nutrition facts on food labels boiling them down to a single 1 to 100 score. With 100 being the most nutritious, higher scores mean better nutrition, allowing consumers to make at-a-glance nutrition comparisons as they shop."
Developed by a team of recognized experts, the scoring system was created as a direct response to America's rapidly rising rates of obesity and diabetes in both the adult and child populations.
Displayed directly on shelf price tags in the grocery store, scores are determined by an independent team of nutrition and medical experts who analyze more than 30 nutrition factors such as vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acids, saturated fat and calories. The experts do the research, so consumers can feel better about their food choices. The scores do not tell consumers what to buy or eat; but simply reflect the overall nutritional quality of a food making it easy for consumers to compare nutrition as they do price.
"No matter what their food plan, the scores guide people in shopping for anything from produce and dairy to snacks and packaged goods," adds Nugent. "If you can count to 100, you can use the system to shop, cook, eat and feel better."
Step up to summer fitness
While it's important to be physically active all year, many people simply find themselves more active in summer — both because the outdoors beckons and there is more time for recreation. This creates an opportunity to fit in more daily physical activity, which generally means some potential to build lean muscle mass, lose excess body fat and get more fit.
According to Dr. David Katz, M.D., M.P.H. — founding director of Yale University's Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center and the principal inventor of the science behind NuVal scores — the more active you are, the more performance fuel your body needs.
"The increased activity level of summer is a perfect time to think about trading up food choices, improving overall diet quality, and establishing a foundation for better overall health and vitality," says Dr. Katz.
For optimal fueling, Dr. Katz offers the following tips:
- Pick foods with dual duties. Some foods are ideal for meeting the needs of high quality nutrition, as well as concentrated fuel for an active lifestyle. Some great food options include nuts, seeds and nut butters; fresh and dried fruits; beans and lentils; and whole grains. Protein sources are dairy (think non-fat Greek yogurt), eggs and lean meats.
- Embrace seasonal dishes. Summer is a great time for salads. Options are almost limitless. Consuming an abundance of vegetables is always a great place to start; but also consider a good protein source to provide the energy you need. Bean and lentil salads are a great fuel-up option.
- Know when to eat. Before exertion, avoid eating too much, so blood flows to working muscles rather than to digestion. Before workout, eating some fresh, seasonal fruit might be ideal. Post workout, replenish what exercise has burned with fruit, nuts, whole grains and a protein source.
- Snack small and often. Small portions of nuts and dried fruits, separately or together, make a great snack. Snack bars made from nuts and dried fruits — and little else — are a good option as well, and especially convenient when on the go.
- Be active at any age. If older and new to exercise, ease in and build up gradually. Walking, biking on relatively flat terrain, and swimming are excellent activities. All motion is good motion, so it is essential to find what you like. Dancing counts; so does yoga or anything else that has you up and going.
- Hydrate. As for hydration, water is generally best. Invest in a quality water container to have with you throughout the day — and during your workout.
Break a sweat
Incorporate these summer activities into your schedule and enjoy new ways to boost your fitness routine:
- Biking/ mountain biking
- Canoeing
- Hiking
- Kayaking
- Running
- Swimming
- Walking
- Tennis
Perfect pairings
Consuming a variety of seasonal fruits and vegetables throughout the day is a great way to fuel up physical activity and add nutrients vital to keeping cells healthy and protected. Here are some summer produce picks, along with NuVal scores. (Higher scores equal better nutrition.)
- Apricots (NuVal 100)
- Avocados (NuVal 88)
- Bananas (NuVal 100)
- Blueberries (NuVal 100)
- Broccoli (NuVal 100)
- Cantaloupe (NuVal 100)
- Carrots (NuVal 100)
- Cucumbers (NuVal 100)
- Green beans (NuVal 100)
- Iceberg lettuce (NuVal 94)
- Mangoes (NuVal 100)
- Peppers (NuVal 100)
- Tomatoes (NuVal 100)
For more tips to feel your best and get the most out of those summer months, visit www.nuval.com.
Photos courtesy of Getty Images


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Hello everyone!
This is the very last card I created at retreat, there is no more to show. I will have to show you what I have been making at home for the past couple weeks next time.
This card wasn't a challenge, but I saw someone else make one and decided to make my own. These rosettes seem to be the "in thing" at the moment and I can't miss out on it. LOL!
I used the stamp set Spiced Paisley and Fabulous Phrases. Colours used are Soft Suede, Pool Party, Very Vanilla, Pear Pizzazz and More Mustard. The designer brad is a Pool Party Printed brad. I think I might make some more cards with this rosette, I think it is awfully cute! LOL!


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Publications Search
This publications portal is a repository of all IOM migration health publications from 2006 to present where IOM was a primary contributor.
Publications include peer-reviewed scientific papers, technical reports, training guides/manuals, policy briefs/discussion papers, factsheets, newsletters, research reviews, conference and poster presentations. These are categorized by topic, author, country/region covered as well as by year, language, and type of publication. The map reflects the countries covered by the publications.
To browse or search: simply use the filter options on the left-hand side. Alternatively, you can enter keyword/s in the search box. Selecting a specific publication will lead to a 'download' link or link to the website where the document is housed. Here is the step-by-step guide for your reference.
Tuberculosis in migrants moving from high-incidence to low-incidence countries: a population-based cohort study of 519 955 migrants screened before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
Robert W Aldridge, Dominik Zenner, Peter J White, Elizabeth J Williamson, Morris C Muzyamba, Poonam Dhavan, Davide Mosca, Lucy Thomas, Maeve K Lalor, Ibrahim Abubakar, Andrew C Hayward


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Warriors & Crusaders Bangle
Request a price ₹ 6,450
Bangle in sterling silver - easily worn and adjustable to fit the wrist comfortably.
The oncoming army urges us to unite under the flag of humanity, and their heraldic coat of arms carries metaphoric symbols inspiring virtues and values we will need in this battle. It has a crest of angels, a wreath for victory with honour, and a cross patt̩e for divine and boundless courage and strength.
The lion is an emblem of a valiant warrior with undying courage, and the horse symbolic of spirit and power, and readiness to act for the cause. The eagle with wings spread open stands for ascension, achievement, intellect, immortality and protection.
Material : Sterling Silver with or without gold plating.
Handcrafted by our team of Master Craftsmen in India.
This bangle may be twisted and worn. Please refer to the size chart below.
We can also custom make your cuff or bangle to any size you want. If you're unsure of your size, or need a size that you can't see listed here, just give us your wrist size or the size you'd like in the "Note to the Designer" on checkout, and we will make a perfect fit for you. You could also call/ whatsapp us on +91 9831059125 if you have any questions on sizing.
Also included in packaging : Concept card with a note about the collection, care card & a personal note from the designer. If this is a gift, do mention the name of the person you're gifting it to, in the 'Notes to Designer' section in your cart so we may address the hand-written note from Eina accordingly. Any personalised messages can also be included. The jewellery comes in a travel-friendly fabric pouch & our keepsake branded box.
We think we're so grand, going about life in our little shells with our big egos and a sense of entitlement; entirely forgetting that our tiny lives are a micro-second in all of existence, and in a few breaths our precious bodies will rot and we'll be reduced to ashes or dust. We wage wars between religions, countries, races and genders, growing hatred, anger and mistrust. We burn forests, clog oceans, kill species, consume nature, and search for life on other planets while we can't co-exist with our own. But I hear a new army is coming, heraldic flag flying high, bearing symbols of courage; a lion and horse for power and action, a peacock and eagle for integrity and protection, a swallow for freedom and hope. They wear medals and wreaths of victory and honour, brandish swords of right and torches of light; they lead from the heart, love from the soul, and know that the time to change things is now. They see us immune to the suffering around us, closing our eyes, turning our back and numbing our soul. They shake us awake, inspiring valour and courage to choose kindness and generosity in the face of hostility, to start a small change in the chain of events, to right the things that are wrong with the world. They urge us, these warriors, these valourous crusaders, to fight for oneness under the flag of humanity; to live larger and love harder with fearless compassion, selfless service, and hearts imploding with love. They passionately remind us that our time is short and death is near, yet our actions will last forever.
Shipping & Returns
We deliver worldwide with free shipping within India. We hand craft your order with love and passion, and allow you the option to co-create them by choosing between stones, textures, plating options, charms, chain lengths, bangle or ring sizes. Making these pieces to your specification will take us anywhere between 2 to 10 working days (12 to 14 working days in case of custom made jewellery), after which they will be shipped out to you. We appreciate your patience with the handcrafting process and we promise that the jewellery will make up for the wait! For urgent deliveries on special request, please contact us before placing your order, at +91 9831299125.Click here for more information.


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Murray's Cheese Does A Great Breakfast Burrito
If you'd asked me last week where to get a good breakfast burrito in New York, I probably wouldn't have had an answer. And I certainly wouldn't have thought my answer would be Murray's Cheese in the West Village. But Ed stopped by Murray's for a take-out breakfast last Friday, and even though his haul was an hour old by the time we tried it, we were delighted with what we unpacked.
That Breakfast Burrito ($5.99)? It's got a pliant, elastic flour tortilla that's wrapped well, no crumpled-up all-tortilla ends, no gaps or spots where the filling leaks through. The insides are all mashed up together, so you get a little of everything in every bite: tender bacon bits whose delicious fatty juices get everywhere, slickening the super-soft eggs, seeping into the soft potatoes; jalapeño jack cheese melts totally so that it adds a melty, creamy binder, and little pops of heat. Roasted potatoes and caramelized onions complete the package. The best part is how it all comes together—everything sloppy and meaty and just really, really good.
The Breakfast Melt ($5.99) was tasty, too; the bacon is just crisp enough, the egg's a little harder than we would like but has great fried edges, and the Fontina Fontal melts all over everything, seeping into the nooks and crannies of the Bay's English muffin. Though it's a fine breakfast, there are more great breakfast sandwiches in this town than great burritos—so if you're only ordering one, make it the burrito.
Murray's Cheese
254 Bleecker Street, New York NY 10014 (map)
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Oeler Industries, Inc. wants you to know that we are committed to insuring your privacy when visiting our site. Although you are free to browse our site without revealing any personal information, there are times when we need to collect information from you such as to correspond, and/or process and ship orders. We do keep track of the IP addresses of people who visit our site, but solely for the purpose of analyzing our website traffic trends and usage.
You can rest assured that we do not share this information with any third parties, and it will not be sold, rented, or used for any other purposes.


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HTC One S
Read help info
When your phone is in standby mode, it's ready for use. Follow these instructions to return to standby mode.
Return to standby mode
No matter what you're doing on your phone, you can return to standby mode at any time by pressing the Home key.
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[Illinois]: Perturbative Reinforcement Learning to Develop Distributed Representations
This tool trains three-layered networks of sigmoidal units to associate patterns.
Version 1.0d - published on 06 Aug 2014
doi:10.4231/D3FF3M12N cite this
Open source: license | download
Published on
From Tutorial on Neural Systems Modeling, Chapter 7: Simultaneous perturbative reinforcement learning is effective not only in two-layered but also in three-layered neural networks. Input-hidden, hidden-output, and bias weights can all be perturbed simultaneously. We will use perturbative reinforcement learning (the directed drift algorithm) in this section to show how two different input signals are distributed over the hidden units in a three-layered, feedforward neural network. Specifically, we will use perturbative reinforcement learning to reproduce the results on the formation of a non-uniform distributed representation that we obtained in Chapter 6 using back-propagation. This simulation was a simplified version of a neural network model of distributed parallel processing in the vestibulo-oculomotor system (see Chapter 6).
Sponsored by
NanoBio Node, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
- Tutorial on Neural Systems Modeling, Copyright 2010 Sinauer Associates Inc. Author: Thomas J. Anastasio


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We're here to help! And, to chat about jewelry, which just happens to be our favorite subject.


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- Activities , Eco , Family , Sarawak
Mesmerising Lambir Hills
The snake slithered through the undergrowth. Pausing, flickering its tongue and rearing its head, slowly…. Startled, I took a step back. I peered closer at the small snake basking on the forest floor. It had longitudinal reddish orange stripes, with bits of greenish lateral stripes on a black background. Was it a Banded Malayan Coral Snake? Or was it the Striped Kurki Snake.


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"You want me to speak French to you? That wouldn't be a good career choice for me. I got a lot of fans here. I don't want to lose them with one bad accent!" Steven Spielberg joked when the French media asked him to say a few words in their language at a press conference in Paris this week, where he was promoting War Horse. All kidding aside however, the legendary director does not like to talk about uncompleted projects. Yet he did offer some insight into four of his upcoming movies.
While he spent much of the 45 minutes answering questions about his new film, he also discussed Lincoln, Robopocalypse, the Adventures of Tintin sequels and Jurassic Park 4. Hit the jump for more.
After the success of The Adventures of Tintin in French theaters last fall, the sequel, to be helmed by Peter Jackson, is generating much curiosity. Given Tintin's cultural importance in France, everyone wants to know which books part deux will be based on.
"I'm not going to say which stories have been chosen for Peter Jackson's sequel because Peter and I agreed that we weren't going to let that information out yet. The script is now being written. It's more than one book, but it's not three books, so that means it's two books. It's two and a half books that we're combining with The Secret of the Unicorn. And Peter will start working on the film this year. When he's done shooting The Hobbit, he'll begin his performance capture work with the actors later in 2012, which I'm very excited about. And of course, I'm hoping I'll be able to direct the third one. I'd love to do the third one because I had so much fun on the first one."
His next movie, Lincoln, is scheduled to hit US theaters next December, but as long as it's still in the editing room, the legendary director refuses to go into specifics. Suffice it to say that he's a busy man with many projects, including the dark sci-fi Robopocalypse, a popcorn flick that should begin filming this fall.
"I just finished shooting a movie about Abraham Lincoln staring Daniel Day-Lewis which I am so deeply proud of. But because I am right in the middle of the editing of Lincoln, I'm not really going to speak and talk very much about that until the time is right to talk about it. And I'm making a science fiction movie probably in September called Robopocalypse based on Daniel Wilson's book. It's a cautionary tale about war between human beings and robots. It's a big crowd pleaser, I think, a big action popcorn movie with a message. The message is actually in the popcorn! You have to get the popcorn, dig down deep in the bottom and they'll be a message about what Robopocalypse is really about! And I have a couple of other plans which I don't want to go into because they're too far out of the horizon. But there's a lot of work ahead, a lot of television my company is producing for some of the networks and some of the cable outlets. So I'm busy!"
Since no questions about Jurassic Park 4 came up, I caught up with Spielberg after the conference, in case he had finally decided to reveal something.
"I don't want to talk about Jurassic Park 4 yet – it's too early – but I can tell you that I'm not directing it. I'm producing it though."
One more attempt to coax more out of the director: Will Jurassic Park 4 be a reboot or a sequel and will it be released to mark the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park?
"I can't say. I will when the time is right, but for now I can't talk about it."
Producer Kathleen Kennedy hinted to Steve last month that the long-awaited fourth installment may be in 3D. But when I asked Spielberg, he refused to confirm. But come on, dinosaurs in 3D? It was so meant to be.


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Welcome to Swingkatten
Swingkatten is a swing dance society located in Uppsala, Sweden, dedicated to promoting swing dancing by organizing parties, classes, shows, workshops and other swing dance related activities.
We organize a variety of swing dance classes where we teach Lindy Hop, Boogie Woogie, Balboa Swing, Blues, Authentic Jazz and Tap dance. Come and join us!
Uppsala Boogie Woogie Weekend 2018
Uppsala 16 - 18 March 2018
We are excited to announce Uppsala Boogie Woogie Weekend 2018 in Uppsala, Sweden! There will be classes and social dance evenings. Lots of fun!
Read more about Uppsala Boogie Woogie Weekend here.
What is Swing, Lindy Hop and jitterbug?
Lindy Hop, also known as jitterbug, is an Afro-American dance that started in the black community in Harlem, New York, in the 1930's. Lindy Hop is danced to music of various tempos from blues to 'crazy'-fast with air-steps and acrobatics. Lindy Hop is well suited for social dancing as well as for shows with spectacular choreographies.
Lindy Hop is often danced to the music of the swing era but also to newer styles of jazz, rhythm & blues or neoswing.


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7 statistical bulletins
Adult drinking habits in Great Britain: 2017 (Latest release)Annual data on alcohol consumption by adults, including changes in drinking patterns in recent years and data for those who do not drink.
Keywords: alcohol, teetotal, units, drunk, binge drinking
Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2019 (Latest release)Cigarette smoking habits among adults in the UK, including the proportion of people who smoke, demographic breakdowns, changes over time and use of e-cigarettes.
Keywords: general lifestyle survey, opinions and lifestyle survey, vaping, tobacco, general household survey
Alcohol-specific deaths in the UK: registered in 2018 (Latest release)Deaths caused by diseases known to be a direct consequence of alcohol misuse by sex, age and region.
Keywords: drinking, mortality, alcoholism, sex, region
Average household income, UK: financial year ending 2020 (provisional) (Latest release)Provisional estimates of median and mean disposable income for people in the UK for the financial year ending 2020.
Keywords: wealth, inequality, mean income, median income, retired
Average weekly earnings in Great Britain: July 2020 (Latest release)Estimates of growth in earnings for employees before tax and other deductions from pay.
Keywords: wages, bonuses, regular pay, pay by business sector, UK labour market
Average Weekly Earnings, bonus payments in Great Britain: 2017 (Latest release)Average Weekly Earnings (AWE) is the key National Statistics indicator of short-term earnings growth, which provides monthly estimates of the level of Average Weekly Earnings per employee.
Keywords: wages, income, finance
Avoidable mortality in the UK: 2018 (Latest release)Deaths from causes considered avoidable given timely and effective health care or public health interventions. Data are based on a revised definition of avoidable mortality for all persons.
Keywords: deaths amenable to healthcare, preventable conditions, leading causes of death, heart disease, cancer


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Cotton Nightie MND 772 White Cotton nightie 48 inch with embroidery
Code: MND772W
MND772 White 100% Premium Cotton Nightie. White
48 inch length cotton nightie, with pintucks and embroidery
New Spring 19
Cotton sleepwear by Midsummer Night's Dream
At Midsummer Night's Dream we craft beautiful, quality 100% cotton nighties, pyjamas,dressing gowns and sleepwear that are designed in Australia. We only use the best cottons sourced from India and our designs are renowned for their attention to detail with many featuring French seams and hand embroideries.
We offer gorgeous prints and crisp whites with the highest quality workmanship and finishing.
Delivery Information
There is a flat $12 shipping rate to anywhere in Australia. We generally use Australia Post Express Post services.
Please allow 2 - 7 working days for delivery of your order after payment is received. Cheques need to clear prior to dispatch.
International shipping rates are as follows:
All orders under $300 : Flat rate $20
All orders over $300 please contact us for a quote.
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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2007 News Releases > July 2007 > Wayland seeking projects for massive work day in community
Wayland seeking projects for massive work day in community
PLAINVIEW – Community service is not a new concept at Wayland Baptist University. Faculty and staff members are involved in various service organizations, volunteer through their churches and with area agencies. Student groups do much of the same, interacting regularly with community organizations and entities.
But the university really wanted an opportunity to make a grand impact on the community in one effort. Thus the Degree of Difference Day was born.
"We've been wanting to have an event that would really make an impact on Plainview and be a grand show of support for the community as a whole and our place in it," said Teresa Young, co-organizer of the DOD Day, set for October 28. "We thought that a one-day service blitz where our students and employees worked side-by-side in various projects to help our community would be the perfect fit."
Hope English, director of student leadership and organizer of the university's new Center for Student Leadership and Involvement concurred. Serving as co-organizer for the DOD Day, English is excited about the possibility of what the day can mean for students and employees as well as the community.
"Of course, we want our students to earn academic degrees while attending WBU, but because we are a faith-based university, we are committed to cultivating humility and love for others in the hearts of our students," English said. "In keeping with the mission of our school, we want to equip our students to be leaders with servant hearts, those who truly understand and experience the joy of serving God by serving others."
The event was planned to coincide with the national Make a Difference Day for the fall. The schedule calls for volunteers to work at least six hours that day and then come together afterward for an outdoor picnic and celebration time. The chapel service the following Wednesday will be a follow-up to the service day with testimonials and a slide show review of the projects completed.
The two mailed letters to many Plainview agencies and churches soliciting projects for the day. But they are also open to project ideas from the community itself and others who may know of needs that Wayland folks could help meet on that day.
Projects will be assigned as far as the manpower from the volunteer work force will allow. The university is hoping at least 300 will participate in this first effort and expect the event to grow as the years go by.
"We really want the Degree of Difference Day to be an annual event where we can really put our hands out in service," Young said. "By the time our centennial rolls around in 2008, we hope to have the majority of our students involved."
To submit project ideas, contact Hope English at 291-3422 or mail your submissions to English at 1900 West 7th Street, CMB 306, Plainview, Texas 79072.


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Posts Tagged 'max lang'
Academy Awards Nominations – Animated
Day & Night – Teddy Newton
The Gruffalo – Jacob Shuh & Max Lang
Let's Pollute – Geefwee Boedoe
The Lost Thing – Shaun Tan & Andrew Ruhemann
Madagascar, carnet de voyage – Bastien Dubois
These are the short films nominated this year for the Animated Short Film category. We'll get to see the winner announced a week from today, but after viewing all of them last night, I have two favorites and not a single prediction. Here is the trailer for Australian film The Lost Thing.
With its future-wasteland, Steampunk animation, it definitely gives a bleak view of where we're headed. When the main character finds "the lost thing" and eventually leads it to where it can coexist with other special objects, we get a sense of a world where there is still some magic left. But the end of the film, where the narrator tells us he doesn't see any lost objects or at least doesn't take the time to notice them anymore, is where the message lies. It seems to be a comment on keeping the magic and innocence of childhood, of remembering how special something different can be. We're told to appreciate the unusual and not get lost in the drab day-to-day. Even despite the relevant message, the gorgeous, intricate animation is what endeared me to this film.
And here we have the first 30 seconds of my other favorite, The Gruffalo. With a German animation team and a host of celebrated British voices (including Helena Bonham Carter, Robbie Coltrane, Tom Wilkinson, and John Hurt), this classic story was originally shown on the BBC. Simply put, this film charmed me. It possesses the same timelessness as stories like the Tortoise and the Hare, the Boy Who Cried Wolf, and many other Aesop's Fables we remember from childhood. It's also the longest film nominated in this category at 27 minutes.
I chose these films for their beautiful animation and subtle messages. The Madagascar Travel Diary was also beautifully animated, with a mix of watercolors, pastels, and sketches so real you could see eraser marks and creases in the paper. Let's Pollute hit you over the head with its sarcastic message and overly-simple animation – just not as impressive as its fellow nominees. Pixar's Day and Night is cute and definitely an interesting idea, but the animation doesn't have the same special quality as my two favorites.
Though much more opinion than analysis, there's my Academy Award Animated Shorts Round-up!
You can find another round-up with summaries and clips on IndieWire.


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Scooped: Pecan Pie Ice Cream
I scream, you scream, we all scream for...
Get the Recipe
Close your eyes and think of pecan pie. What do you think of?
Something gooey, right? And sweet, sure. Is nutty the first thing that comes to mind? Probably not, but maybe it's the second or third. And then think about the crust—wait, does anyone really think about the crust in pecan pie?
I don't think so. Because when we talk about pecan pie, we're really talking about gooey filling tinged with molasses, and the textural contrast of chopped nuts.
Which makes me think that perhaps the best pecan pie isn't pie at all. Maybe it's ice cream. Because if you have a sweet creamy base flavored with vanilla and nuts, and swirl in a salty-sweet-gooey mix of brown sugar, molasses, and pecans, you get everything pecan pie is all about, without that pesky crust getting in the way. There's sweetness, creaminess, a touch of gooeyness, and just enough crunch to keep it interesting.
What's more, you have an opportunity to let the pecans really shine by steeping them along with a vanilla bean in your dairy for an hour before making your ice cream. This pecan pie ice cream tastes way more like pecans than molasses—when's the last time you could say that about the pie?
That all said, a note of caution: let your freshly churned ice cream chill for a few hours before folding—not stirring—in the swirl. Otherwise you run the risk of integrating it into your ice cream, a tasty thing, but not the goal here. Even with that precaution your pecans may sink towards the bottom of the container, so use one that's wide and shallow, and scoop deeply.
Get the Recipe
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|1:50 000
|Great Britain
|GIS polygon data (ESRI, MapInfo, others available by request)
|30p per km2. Subject to number of users, licence fee and data preparation fee.
The BGS mining hazard (not including coal) dataset provides essential information for planners and developers building in areas of former shallow underground mine workings that may collapse.
Mining hazards may lead to financial loss for anyone involved in the ownership or management of property, including developers, householders or local government.
These costs could include increased insurance premiums, depressed house prices and, in some cases, engineering works to stabilise land or property.
Armed with knowledge about potential hazards, preventative steps can be put in place to alleviate the impact of the hazard to people and property.
The cost of such prevention may be very low, and is often many times lower than the repair bill following ground movement.
The 'mining hazard' data layer draws together a diverse range of material derived from geology, which constrains distribution, supplemented by literature searches for historic locations and expert knowledge to assemble, interpret, and organise this information.
The information from the various sources has been compiled into a digital format using GIS to create a series of seven separate data layers reflecting distinct categories of mining; each of these is the result of extensive research, specialist understanding and development and application of an appropriate method of data capture.
Mining of coal is specifically excluded from this data set and enquiries on past coal mining should be directed to the Coal Authority.
The voids resulting from past underground mining activity pose a possible hazard.
Former underground workings, particularly where shallow, may collapse and cause surface settlement. The BGS dataset gives the potential for hazards due to underground (non-coal) mining.
Underground extraction of minerals and rocks has taken place in Britain for more than 5000 years. A broad range of different raw materials have been extracted, from precious metals such as gold and silver, to sandstone and gypsum using underground methods.
Contact Digital Data for more information.


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Skip to Content
Students who do not speak English as their native language may face many challenges as they begin their college career in an English-medium academic environment. These resources below are designed to provide practical guidelines and strategies to help students be successful in their academic endeavors here at the University of Washington Bothell. Although there are discipline-specific conventions and rules, the general information and tips on writing, reading, and speaking strategies on this website are aimed to help ESL students get started as they learn to communicate their ideas in written and spoken English. These resources provided are intended not only to assist students with their course assignments and projects, but also to help students better understand US university life and culture. Developing academic literacy skills will not happen overnight; it requires earnest efforts and continuous practice. Please continue to visit the website as more resources will be addedto this section.
What is a writing process? Here is an overview of the concept of "a writing process" and some practical strategies you want to use to approach your writing assignment as a process.
Get to know about the crucial role that the Writing and Communication Center can play for your education and the various services that the UWB Writing and Communication Center provides for you.
Brainstorming is a very important part of your writing process. Learning effective brainstorming strategies can eventually help you develop your writing muscles and enhance the effectiveness of your learning across the curriculum.
Connecting your ideas at the idea level as well as at the sentence level is a very important aspect of academic writing. Learn more about ways of improving coherence and cohesion in your writing.
Constructing a solid, clear thesis statement is not an easy task for either native or non-native English speaking students. Learn more about the very concept of thesis statement and ways of constructing an effective thesis statement that captures the key ideas of your paper.
Is your research paper a portfolio project? What are differences between primary sources and secondary sources? Here is some basic information you should check out before starting your research project.
What is academic integrity? Learn about the concept of academic integrity and some practical strategies you can use to avoid plagiarism.
Qualifying your claim will eventually strengthen your argument. Here are some practical strategies you can use to strengthen your argument.
Parallelism basically means that you use words and phrases that have the same grammatical form to enhance the cohesion of your writing. Here are some examples that can help you better understand parallelism structure.
Remember that revision means much more than fixing grammatical mistakes or typing mistakes. Learn more about useful re-vision strategies that can help you see the same paper from a different lens and ultimately enhance your learning of the material.
The more in-depth reading you do, the more in-depth writing you will eventually do. Here are some practical reading strategies you can use.
Source Use & Synthesis Skills
Do you want to improve your ability to use sources effectively for your writing assignments? Here are some useful strategies you can use to summarize, quote, and paraphrase sources.
Dropped Quotation
Have you had comments from your professors that your paper had a dropped quotation? Have you had difficulty integrating quotes into your paper? Learn some practical strategies that you can use to integrate quotes into your writing.
It is essential that you learn systematic vocabulary acquisition strategies to maximize your vocabulary power. Here are some strategies you can use.
Want to improve your English speaking abilities? Check out the resources and strategies you can use to improve your oral communication skills.
You create an image about yourself through email communication. Learn email etiquette for effective communication with your professors.
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Education Program


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© ROHM Electronics Production | January 04, 2012
Rohm to resume full-scale production in January
Semiconductor manufacturer Rohm Co., Ltd., will resume full-scale production of all products affected by the flooding in Thailand on January 1, 2012.
Due to the effects of flooding in the country, the company had been forced to halt production of ICs, transistors, diodes, resistors, and tantalum capacitors (all five products it manufactures in Thailand) at LAPIS Semiconductor (Ayutthaya) Co., Ltd., in Rojana Industrial Park in Ayutthaya on October 8, and then at ROHM Integrated Systems (Thailand) Co., Ltd., in Navanakom Industrial Park in Pathumthani on October 15. ROHM has been working since to resume operations at both facilities. As soon as operations were halted at ROHM Integrated Systems (Thailand), workers began recovery efforts on second and third stories of the facility, where floodwaters did not reach, in order to restore equipment to good condition and prepare for a resumption of operations, which came when manufacturing of some ICs, transistors, diodes, and resistors restarted on November 26. While progressively ramping up production volumes there, ROHM also made a series of emergency investments to dramatically boost production capacity at other Group manufacturing facilities such as ROHM Electronics Philippines, Inc., enabling the manufacturer to secure sufficient supply to fulfill orders from customers, including contract manufacturing volume. In addition to moving submerged equipment and dies to other Group manufacturing facilities in the immediate aftermath of the flooding, ROHM worked to restore power, water, and other infrastructure while performing maintenance work on usable production equipment, paving the way for some production operations to resume at a floating plant in late November. Once the water level began to recede at the end of November, the company began pumping out water from the first story of its facilities and repairing equipment in a coordinated effort to prepare for the resumption of operations. At LAPIS Semiconductor (Ayutthaya) Co., Ltd., whose building has a flat roof, officials recognized the risk of future flooding and began making arrangements to continue production at alternate sites such as LAPIS Semiconductor Miyazaki Co., Ltd., in the city of Miyazaki in Japan's Miyazaki Prefecture in the event of a recurrence. The ROHM Group has also sought to restructure its supply chain, for example by obtaining approval from customers for plant changes and other adjustments, in order to smooth alternate production at other facilities should such steps become necessary in the future. As a result of these efforts, ROHM's production operations will reach normal supply volume on January 1. The company is also working to build safety inventory so that it can fulfill emergency orders and meet other needs from customers. It plans to resume normal operations, including inventory, in February. The ROHM Group has always worked to build stable supply capability, for example by operating multiple manufacturing facilities for each product. In response to the flooding in Thailand, the company has redoubled those efforts in a bid to strengthen its BCM system. Going forward, ROHM will continue to build robust supply systems to ensure its ability to live up to its obligations to customers by taking advantage of its experience with both the flooding in Thailand and the Great East Japan Earthquake that struck Japan in March 2011, which damaged LAPIS Semiconductor Miyagi Co., Ltd., (Ohira, Miyagi Prefecture) and ROHM Tsukuba Co., Ltd., (Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture). © ROHM Profile of ROHM Integrated Systems (Thailand) Co., Ltd. - Name: ROHM Integrated Systems (Thailand) Co., Ltd. - Address: 101/94, 102 Navanakorn Industrial Zone, Moo 20, Phaholyothin Road, Tambol Khlong-Nueng, Amphur Khlong-Luong, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand - Representative: Hiroshi Minami, President - Capital: 1,115,500,000 baht - Number of employees: 3,323 - Products: ICs, transistors, diodes, resistors, tantalum capacitors Profile of LAPIS Semiconductor (Ayutthaya) Co., Ltd. - Name: LAPIS Semiconductor (Ayutthaya) Co., Ltd. - Address: 1/39 Rojana Industrial Park, 1/39 Moo 5, Tambol Kanham, Amphur U-Thai, Ayutthaya 13210 Thailand - Representative: Takaki Yamada, President - Capital:700,000,000 baht - Number of employees: 895 - Products: ICs Flood timeline ROHM Integrated Systems (Thailand) Co., Ltd.(RIST) - Monday, October 17: The levee surrounding Navanakom Industrial Park is breached, triggering an evacuation of all personnel except facility security personnel and some employees seconded from Japan. - Thursday, October 20: Floodwaters reach the plant. - Sunday, October 23: About 30 personnel are dispatched to begin removing some test boards, products, dies, and other equipment from the facility. - Wednesday, October 26: The facility begins deploying generators for lighting, facility maintenance, and other purposes. - Tuesday, November 8: Deployment of RIST employees in support of other ROHM Group manufacturing facilities begins. - Thursday, November 17: The power company begins supplying power on a temporary basis, and powering of manufacturing processes begins. - Saturday, November 26: Some production of ICs, transistors, diodes, and resistors resumes. - Saturday, December 10: Power is fully restored. Employee access to transportation for commuting to work resumes, and dormitories are reopened. - Tuesday, December 20: Officials plan to fully resume production on January 1, working primarily on the second and third floors.


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Oil, Gas & MiningReport
Azerbaijan Anonymous
Oil, Gas & MiningCampaign
Oil, Gas and Mining
Money from oil, gas and mining can help lift entire countries out of poverty in much of the developing world. Properly managed, it can build schools, hospitals and roads, and reduce dependency on international aid. But all too often, the revenue goes missing because deals are done behind closed doors, allowing small, corrupt elites to profit at the expense of ordinary citizens.
Blog post / Sept. 6, 2017
Can the EU learn from the Azerbaijani Laundromat scandal in helping tackle anonymous company ownership?
The major money laundering and lobbying scheme involving Azerbaijan's ruling elite, the latest in a series of leaks uncovered by OCCRP, points once again to how easy it is for corrupt individuals to gain access to the EU financial system and launder suspect funds using anonymous companies to spend on luxurious lifestyles.
Blog post / Oct. 28, 2016
The transparency movement should not be duped: Azerbaijan is gaming the system whilst brutalising its people
Vicious oppression of independent civil society and endemic official corruption are a fact of life for many Azerbaijanis. So how can the country remain a member of EITI, a landmark transparency scheme founded on the principle of the freedom of civil society to hold government to account?
Briefing Document / March 4, 2015
Azerbaijan Anonymous: Correspondence with SOCAR
In December 2013 Global Witness published Azerbaijan Anonymous in which we called for the release of information concerning who the real owners are of companies involved in the extraction and trading of oil that belongs to the Azerbaijani people, and how these companies got access to these deals.
Press Release / Oct. 16, 2014
Azerbaijan must reverse civil society crackdowns to remain within landmark transparency scheme
The international board meeting of the Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) confirmed today that Azerbaijan was in breach of its requirements, by preventing civil society stakeholders from meeting, organising, accessing funds and speaking freely.
Press Release / Dec. 19, 2013
Azerbaijan Anonymous: Response to Socar
In its statement regarding Global Witness' report 'Azerbaijan Anonymous' Socar asserted that "There seems to be underlying tone in the Report to portray in a negative way and with envy the increasing influence of SOCAR" and claims that the report "relies on inaccurate sources of informati


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Sef Ibn-La'Ahad (1197 – c. 1226) was a member of the Levantine Brotherhood of Assassins, the youngest of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad and Maria Thorpe's sons, and Darim Ibn-La'Ahad's brother.[1] He is also an ancestor of Desmond Miles.[2]
Sef was conceived atop Acre Citadel during a rendezvous between Maria and Altaïr.[3] Like his father and brother, Sef was raised in the Assassin tradition.
In 1217, Altaïr, Maria and Darim left for Mongolia to assassinate Genghis Khan, though Sef elected to remain in Masyaf to take care of his wife and two daughters. Eight years later, the Assassin Abbas Sofian staged a coup d'état to take control of the Order for his own benefit. Abbas had his spy Swami, a feeble-minded apprentice, stab Sef to death in his own bed. Swami told Sef just before carrying out the act that it was Altaïr who had ordered the execution.[1]
Abbas later threw Malik Al-Sayf–the acting leader of the Order during Altaïr's absence–into the dungeons beneath the fortress, pinning the responsibility for Sef's death on the old Assassin. Two years after this, Altaïr, Maria, and Darim returned, having killed Genghis Khan, in order to learn what had transpired during their absence. Under the influence of false knowledge, Darim rode for Alamut to seek out his brother. Altaïr and Maria eventually discovered the truth, leading to the deaths of Malik and Maria at the hands of Swami and Altaïr destroying the former Apprentice with the Apple of Eden in his rage at losing his youngest son, ultimately finishing Swami off with his Hidden Blade.[1]
After his death, Sef's family lived in Alamut along with his father and brother for a short period of time before they decided to move to Alexandria, driven away by Altaïr's depressed obsession over the Apple of Eden.[1]
- "Sef" is an Egyptian name meaning "yesterday." The meaning of the name "Ibn-La'Ahad" is "son of none."
- Sef's children and their extended families were referenced in an internal e-mail sent between the higher-ups in Abstergo Entertainment. While discussing other potential candidates for exploration for the Sample 17 Project, the part of Desmond Miles' ancestry hailing from 13th-century Egypt was listed as a possibility.[4]
- Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade (mentioned only)


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That's the word from Dr. Susan M. Love, whose new book, "Live A Little!", advises us to stop beating ourselves up about taking good care of our health.
Her advice? We're healthier than we think:
Didn't get a good night's sleep last night? Don't stay awake tonight worrying about it.
Only got in a short walk today? Catch up tomorrow.
Still haven't lost those last five pounds? Yeah, whatever.
Stressed out about work — or life itself? Sometimes that's the appropriate reaction.
In other words, don't blame the victim. What Love and coauthors Alice D. Domar Ph.D., Leigh Ann Hirschman, and Nancy L. Snyderman M.D advise is that good-enough health is, well, good enough. When we don't live up to the rigid numbers of perfect health — nine servings of fresh vegetables; eight hours of sleep; an hour of cardio — we shouldn't worry that we are making ourselves sick.
After all, doesn't all that stress cause …. Oh, never mind.
The goal of the book, Love told the New York Times, is to give people perspective on what it means to be healthy:
In the new book, "Live a Little! Breaking the Rules Won't Break Your Health" (Crown), Dr. Love makes the case that perfect health is a myth and that most of us are living far more healthful lives than we realize.
Dr. Love, a clinical professor of surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, says that failing to live by the various health rules is a major source of stress and guilt, particularly for women. For most of us, "pretty healthy" is healthy enough.
"Is the goal to live forever?" she said in a recent interview. "I would contend it's not. It's really to live as long as you can with the best quality of life you can. The problem was all of these women I kept meeting who were scared to death if they didn't eat a cup of blueberries a day they would drop dead."
It's a pretty healthy message when you think about it, especially when you apply it to the broader sphere of life itself. Liberating, actually, in that it gives us permission to stop judging ourselves when we fail to live up to uber-high expectations. Sure, we're responsible for our own health as well as our life choices. But in life, as in health, perfection can be an unattainable — and unnecessary — goal.
It just makes us feel bad when, really, we ought to feel good.


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The Chicago Blackhawks will turn to backup Ray Emery to start in goal against the Minnesota Wild on Thursday night at the United Center.
Corey Crawford, who recorded his 50th career victory with his 32-save effort against the Columbus Blue Jackets on Wednesday night that snapped the Hawks' four-game losing skid, started the previous two contests.
Emery is 9-3-2 with a 2.72 goals-against average and .906 save percentage this season as the Hawks' No. 2 netminder.
Marcus Kruger was among the Hawks who partcipated in Wednesday's optional practice but the rookie center likely won't play against Minnesota.He missed his sixth consecutive game Wednesday.
"He's getting close," coach Joel Quenneville said of Kruger, who hasn't played since Dec. 26 against the Blue Jackets. "I don't think we're looking at (Thursday) but we're maybe looking closer to the weekend."
The news on veteran Daniel Carcillo doesn't sound as promising as the winger could be facing surgery for a left leg injury suffered Jan. 2 against the Edmonton Oilers. The Hawks have been mum on Carcillo's status as he's serving a seven-game suspension for an illegal hit on the Oilers' Tom Gilbert during which both players were injured.
"Danny, there's a chance he may have to have surgery," Quenneville said. When asked if it could possibly be season-ending, Quenneville said, "Well, we'll see."
As far as when a decision will be made (or announced), Quenneville only said: "Whether it's at the discussion stages or where we're at, it's still out there."
Twitter @ChrisKuc
The Chicago Blackhawks will turn to backup Ray Emery to start in goal against the Minnesota Wild on Thursday night at the United Center.


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Last updated 2nd June 2011
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The top SD nightclubs?
Six San Diego nightclubs -- one fewer than Los Angeles -- have made it onto a list of last year's top money-making night spots in the U.S.
While San Diego had seven clubs on the list a year earlier, the latest ranking bested the city's showing in 2010 when there were just four top-ranked venues. Dropping off from the current list is Whisky Girl, which had previously squeaked in at No. 97.
The top 100 roster is a joint effort of Technomic, a market research firm, and Nightclub & Bar, an industry trade group, who used both primary and secondary research to help compile the list. In addition, an online survey was conducted late last year of more than 1,400 nightclub, bar and lounge locations.
Together, the 100 venues generated $1.5 billion in total revenue, with more than two-thirds of the operators reporting revenue growth in 2012.
Not surprisingly, Las Vegas dominates the list with 21 top revenue-producing clubs, but San Diego's strong showing rivals Los Angeles' longstanding nightclub scene, which had seven venues ranked within the top 100.
"The bar and nightclub segment grew 3.9% in 2012, and these venues achieved strong results during a year of slow economic recovery," said David Henkes, a vice president with Technomic. "This demonstrates not only the relevance of the concepts but also the strength of their operations and promotional programs."
San Diego's Fluxx nightclub, which opened in March 2010, was the highest revenue producer among San Diego venues, at No. 32. That's down from its 2011 ranking of 24.
All of the San Diego clubs, with one exception, generated between $10 million and $15 million in revenues in 2012. The Ivy nightclub at The Andaz hotel was listed as having revenues of between $5 million and $10 million.
Top money-making San Diego nightclubs
No. 32 FLUXX
No. 36 207, Hard Rock Hotel
No. 39 Stingaree
No. 41 Float, Hard Rock Hotel
No. 51 Altitude Sky lounge
No. 65 Ivy, The Andaz hotel
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Get ready for your week with the week's top business stories from San Diego and California, in your inbox Monday mornings.
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