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The GHC Commentary - Coding Style Guidelines for the compiler
This is a rough description of some of the coding practices and style that we use for Haskell code inside
compiler. For run-time system code see the Coding Style Guidelines for RTS C code. Also see the wiki page on Contributing for issues related to version control, workflow, testing, bug tracking and other miscellany.
General Style
The general rule is to stick to the same coding style as is already used in the file you're editing. If you must make stylistic changes, commit them separately from functional changes, so that someone looking back through the change logs can easily distinguish them.
It's much better to write code that is transparent than to write code that is short.
Often it's better to write out the code longhand than to reuse a generic abstraction (not always, of course). Sometimes it's better to duplicate some similar code than to try to construct an elaborate generalisation with only two instances. Remember: other people have to be able to quickly understand what you've done, and overuse of abstractions just serves to obscure the really tricky stuff, and there's no shortage of that in GHC.
There are two kinds of comments in source code, comments that describe the interface (i.e. how is this supposed to be used) and comments that describe the implementation (e.g. subtle gotchas).
Comments on top-level entities
Every top-level entity should have a Haddock comment that describes what it does and, if needed, why it's there. Example:
-- | Returns which registers are read and written by this
-- instruction, as a (read, written) pair. This info is used
-- by the register allocator.
x86_regUsageOfInstr :: Platform -> Instr -> RegUsage
We use Haddock so that the comment is included in the generated HTML documentation.
There's a bit of a broken window effect going on, but please try to follow this rule for new functions you add.
Comments in the source code
Commenting is good but
- long comments interleaved with the code can make the code itself incredibly hard to read, and
- long comments detached from the code are easy to miss when you are editing the code itself, and soon become out of date or even misleading.
We have adopted a style that seems to help. Here's an example:
prepareRhs :: SimplEnv -> OutExpr -> SimplM (SimplEnv, OutExpr)
-- Adds new floats to the env iff that allows us to return a good RHS
prepareRhs env (Cast rhs co) -- Note [Float coercions]
| (ty1, _ty2) <- coercionKind co -- Do *not* do this if rhs is unlifted
, not (isUnLiftedType ty1) -- see Note [Float coercions (unlifted)]
= do { (env', rhs') <- makeTrivial env rhs
; return (env', Cast rhs' co) }
...more equations for prepareRhs....
{- Note [Float coercions]
When we find the binding
x = e `cast` co
we'd like to transform it to
x' = e
x = x `cast` co -- A trivial binding
There's a chance that e will be a constructor application or function, or something
like that, so moving the coerion to the usage site may well cancel the coersions
and lead to further optimisation.
...more stuff about coercion floating...
Notice that
Interleaved with the code is a short link
Note [Float coercions]. You can't miss it when you are editing the code, but you can still see the code itself.
Detached from the code is the linked comment, starting with the same string
Note [Float coercions]. It can be long, and often includes examples.
The standard format "
Note [Float coercions]" serves like an URL, to point to an out-of-line comment. Usually the target is in the same module, but not always. Sometimes we say
-- See Note [Float coercions] in SpecConstr.lhs
Please use this technique. It's robust, and survives successive changes to the same lines of code. When you are changing code, it draws attention to non-obvious things you might want to bear in mind. When you encounter the note itself you can search for the string to find the code that implements the thoughts contained in the comment.
Comments and examples
When writing a comment to explain a subtle point, consider including an example code
snippet that illustrates the point. For example, the above
Note [Float coercions] continues thus:
There's a chance that be will be a constructor application or function, or something
like that, so moving the coerion to the usage site may well cancel the coersions
and lead to further optimisation. Example:
data family T a :: *
data instance T Int = T Int
foo :: Int -> Int -> Int
foo m n = ...
x = T m
go 0 = 0
go n = case x of { T m -> go (n-m) }
-- This case should optimise
These kind of code snippets are extremely helpful to illustrate the point in a concrete way. Other ways of making the comment concrete are:
- Cite a particular ticket that this bit of code deals with
- Cite a test case in the test suite that illustrates it
Longer comments or architectural commentary
Comments with a broad scope, describing the architecture or workings of more than one module, belong here in the commentary rather than in the code. Put the URL for the relevant commentary page in a comment in the code itself, and also put URLs for all relevant commentary pages in a comment at the top of each module.
Commit messages
Please do not use commit messages to describe how something works, or give examples, even if the patch is devoted to a single change. The information is harder to find in a commit message, and (much worse) there is no explicit indication in the code that there is carefully-written information available about that particular line of code. Instead, you can refer to the Note from the commit message.
Commit messages can nevertheless contain substantial information, but it is usually of a global nature. E.g. "This patch modifies 20 files to implement a new form of inlining pragma".
They are also a useful place to say which ticket is fixed by the commit, summarise the changes embodied in the commit etc.
In short, commit messages describe changes, whereas comment explain the code as it now is.
We are aiming to make the GHC code warning-free, for all warnings turned on by
The build automatically sets these flags for all source files (see
The validate script, which is used to test the build before commiting, additionally sets the
-Werror flag, so that the code must be warning-free to pass validation. The
-Werror flag is not set during normal builds, so warnings will be printed but won't halt the build.
Currently we are some way from our goal, so some modules have a
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-... #-}
pragma; you are encouraged to remove this pragma and fix any warnings when working on a module.
Exports and Imports
module Foo (
foo, -- :: T -> T
) where
We usually (99% of the time) include an export list. The only exceptions are perhaps where the export list would list absolutely everything in the module, and even then sometimes we do it anyway.
It's helpful to give type signatures inside comments in the export list, but hard to keep them consistent, so we don't always do that.
List imports in the following order:
Local to this subsystem (or directory) first
Compiler imports, generally ordered from specific to generic (ie. modules from utils/ and basicTypes/ usually come last)
Library imports
Standard Haskell 98 imports last
-- friends import SimplMonad -- GHC import CoreSyn import Id import BasicTypes -- libraries import Data.IORef -- std import Data.List import Data.Maybe
Import library modules from the boot packages only (boot packages are those packages in the file packages that have a '-' in the "tag" column). Use
#defines in
HsVersions.h when the modules names differ between versions of GHC. For code inside
#ifdef GHCI, don't worry about GHC versioning issues, because this code is only ever compiled by the this very version of GHC.
Do not use explicit import lists, except to resolve name clashes. There are several reasons for this:
They slow down development: almost every change is accompanied by an import list change.
They cause spurious conflicts between developers.
They lead to useless warnings about unused imports, and time wasted trying to keep the import declarations "minimal".
GHC's warnings are useful for detecting unnecessary imports: see
TAGS is a good way to find out where an identifier is defined (use hasktags or a similar program in
ghc/compilerto generate TAGS file, and hit
M-.in Emacs; see here for details).
If the module can be compiled multiple ways (eg. GHCI vs. non-GHCI), make sure the imports are properly
#ifdefed too, so as to avoid spurious unused import warnings.
Compiler versions and language extensions
GHC must be compilable and validate by the previous two major GHC releases, and itself. It isn't necessary for it to be compilable by every intermediate development version.
To maintain compatibility, use HsVersions.h (see below) where possible, and try to avoid using #ifdef in the source itself.
HsVersions.h is a CPP header file containing a number of macros that help smooth out the differences between compiler versions. It defines, for example, macros for library module names which have moved between versions. Take a look compiler/HsVersions.h.
#include "HsVersions.h"
Literate Haskell
In GHC we use a mixture of literate (
.lhs) and non-literate (
.hs) source. I (Simon M.) prefer to use non-literate style, because I think the
\begin{code}..\end{code} clutter up the source too much, and I like to use Haddock-style comments (we haven't tried processing the whole of GHC with Haddock yet, though).
The C Preprocessor (CPP)
Whenever possible we try to avoid using CPP, as it can hide code from the compiler (which means changes that work on one platform can break the build on another) and code using CPP can be harder to understand.
The following CPP symbols are used throughout the compiler:
Used to enables extra checks and debugging output in the compiler. The ASSERT macro (see
HsVersions.h) provides assertions which disappear when DEBUG is not defined.
However, whenever possible, it is better to use
debugIsOnfrom the
Utilmodule, which is defined to be
DEBUGis defined and
Falseotherwise. The ideal way to provide debugging output is to use a Haskell expression "
when debugIsOn $ ..." to arrange that the compiler will be silent when
DEBUGis off (unless of course something goes wrong or the verbosity level is nonzero). When option
-Ois used, GHC will easily sweep away the unreachable code.
As a last resort, debugging code can be placed inside
#ifdef DEBUG, but since this strategy guarantees that only a fraction of the code is seen be the compiler on any one compilation, it is to be avoided when possible.
Regarding performance, a good rule of thumb is that
DEBUGshouldn't add more than about 10-20% to the compilation time. This is the case at the moment. If it gets too expensive, we won't use it. For more expensive runtime checks, consider adding a flag - see for example
Trap, pitfall for using the
ASSERT macro:
ASSERT macro uses CPP, and if you are unwise enough to try to write assertions using primed variables (
ASSERT (not $ intersectsBlockEnv b b')), one possible outcome is that CPP silently fails to expand the ASSERT, and you get this very baffling error message:
Not in scope: data constructor `ASSERT'
Now you can Google for this error message :-)
Enables GHCi support, including the byte code generator and interactive user interface. This isn't the default, because the compiler needs to be bootstrapped with itself in order for GHCi to work properly. The reason is that the byte-code compiler and linker are quite closely tied to the runtime system, so it is essential that GHCi is linked with the most up-to-date RTS. Another reason is that the representation of certain datatypes must be consistent between GHCi and its libraries, and if these were inconsistent then disaster could follow.
Platform tests
Please refer to Platforms and Conventions wiki page for an overview of how to handle target specific code in GHC.
Tabs vs Spaces
GHCs source code is indented with a mixture of tabs and spaces, and is standardised on a tabstop of 8.
The Haskell source code in GHC is free of tabs now. Keep it this way. This is actually enforced by a git hook. Other, non-Haskell-code is indented with a mixture of tabs and spaces, and is standardised on a tabstop of 8. The git commit will prevent you from adding tabs to files that currently do not contain tabs.
In order to avoid angering this git hook, you should set your editor to indent using spaces rather than tabs:
- In Emacs, add
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)to your
.emacsfile (more discussion)
- In Sublime Text, save the following to files at
Packages/User/Literate Haskell.sublime-settings:
"tab_size": 8,
"translate_tabs_to_spaces": true
In TextMate, in the tabs pop-up menu at the bottom of the window, select "Soft Tabs", as show in the following screenshot where the blue rectangle is:
Alternatively, open the Bundle Editor and add a new Preference called Indentation to the bundle editor. Give it the following contents:
{ shellVariables = (
{ name = 'TM_SOFT_TABS';
value = 'YES';


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It always seems like every season has a play that symbolizes the way it goes. For the East Georgia Bobcats, they got that moment in the GCAA Championship game against Chattahoochee Tech.
It wasn't the alley-oop dunk from Jon Blair late in the game with the Golden Eagles closing the game and having momentum, or the inbounds-pass steal and layup by Trey Hagood immediately afterwards.
As crazy as it sounds, it wasn't Conference Player of the Year Jordan Johnson knocking down a big three-pointer during another run by the Golden Eagles, or the clutch free throws he and Larry Bullock hit down the stretch.
It wasn't Brian Pearson working for put-backs over and over again down low for the Bobcats throughout the game, or D.J. Felder asserting himself as the best player in the post with his fadeaways and hook shots.
In a game in which the Bobcats got out to a 15-point lead at halftime, and 18 at one point in the second half, it was the final play that stood out to me.
After Johnson knocked down a free throw to give the Bobcats a 74-71 lead with six seconds left, the Golden Eagles tossed their in-bounds pass to Sean Tate who moved the ball quickly up the court. As he crossed half court, the Bobcats, led by Conference Defensive Player of the Year Hagood, smothered him with pressure and forced him to lose possession of the ball, not even allowing the Golden Eagles to get a shot off as time ran out and the Bobcats players and fans rushed the floor.
In my opinion, the play is the perfect symbol for the Bobcats season.
As a team that at times saw its leads slowly dwindle down late in games, they were always able to pull off the victory when it mattered most. Well, the Golden Eagles had made run after run, led by so many big shots by Malcolm Riley, and just simply would not fall back late in the game, putting pressure on the Bobcats to finish strong. That's exactly what they did.
The Bobcats found a way to continue playing this season. They found a way just four years into the program's existence, and three years as a member of the GCAA, to win the conference crown.
Now the "Beast" Georgia Bobcats find themselves heading to Hutchinson, Kansas for the NJCAA National Tournament, where they hope to continue to find a way to pull off victories, and find a way to raise a national title banner in the Bobcat Den.

subset: commoncrawl


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Anyone looking for a job is in for some good news Thursday because the Florida State College of Jacksonville is hosting a career fair.
The college is offering up its space and resources to companies who are hiring.
The career fair will take place at the North Campus of FSCJ on Capper Road, just off I-295 and South of Dunn Avenue.
The job fair started Wednesday at FSCJ's Downtown campus. Thursday's event on the North campus is free and open to the public, not just students.
There will be lots of good resumes, handshakes and even better conversations as local employers and employees seek each other out.
Andrew Cook has been out of a job and looking for work since February..
"Right now really anything that I can support my family with," Cook said. "Because I've got enough to pay one more rent and that's it."
Cook recognizes how advantageous going to a job fair can be, with most companies requiring an online application process these days.
He heard about the job fair at FSCJ and planned to be there.
"Because you could speak to the employers face to face and talk to them to find out exactly what they're looking for," Cook said. "And if you need to do anything for one of these jobs, I'll need to go and upgrade my license."
Transportation and logistics company Suddath was one of 20 different employers at the Downtown campus Wednesday.
On Thursday more than 30 companies are signed up to be at the North campus job fair.
"There's a lot of folks that may not have a good resume and can't sell themselves on a piece of paper," Michelle Becht with Suddath's Human Resources Department said. "We might need them face to face and they can tell their story better. So that's a great resource and why to come down and participate in the job fairs."
As a college, the school's priority is placing students in jobs following graduation. But anyone looking for work is invited.
"Students have to go out and look for jobs," career development center interim coordinator Alan Pasetti said. "Career fair is a wonderful opportunity for students to go out, meet employers and introduce themselves. Bring their resume and show what skills they have to offer."
Thursday's career fair is from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
400 job seekers went to the career fair Wednesday. Thursday there will be 30 different companies so even if someone went Wednesday, it may be worth the trip to North campus Thursday.
FSCJ hosting job fair today
Jacksonville college hosting second day of career fair for job seekers
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Anyone looking for a job is in for some good news Thursday because the Florida State College of Jacksonville is hosting a career fair.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Just in case you missed any of our day one coverage of the 2012 Detroit Auto Show, here it is — all zipped up into one big post for your pleasure.
Also, if you get a second, check out Jason Torchinsky's awesome "Car-Toons" here. They're epic.
Smart Hauls A Tiny Pickup Truck Onto The Detroit Auto Show Floor
This is the "truck" that will save Smart in America. Stop laughing. Yes, it's just a concept car, but the Smart For-Us stands to recast the American standard pickup truck as an urban, green vehicle for fun couples. More »
Eating Sushi In Rosa Parks' Bus: Ford's Detroit Auto Show 'Fantasy Camp' For Mommy Bloggers and Influencers
"Technically they didn't serve the sushi in the bus," laughed a man who attended a party thrown by Ford in the Henry Ford Museum last night. "But you could have carried the sushi up there."
Ford, in partnership with ad agency Ogilvy, flew 146 "influencers," primarily bloggers, from as far away as... More »
2012 BMW 3 Series Sedan: Detroit Auto Show Photos, Info
If you're a die-hard inline-6 aficionado, and are looking for something to finally replace that aging AMC Hornet, you're in luck, as the new 2012 BMW 3 Series looks to be an engaging new way to drive around behind a sextet of lined-up cylinders. More »
Acura NSX Concept: Detroit Auto Show Live Photos, Info
Acura lifted the sheet off their new Acura NSX Concept and it's definitely a Tony Stark-esque all-wheel-drive hybrid. Just like we told you. It'll be designed in the United States, built in Ohio, and go on sale within three years.
Ask an enthusiast to picture the Acura NSX and their mind might be... More »
Chrysler 700C: The Secret Minivan Of The Future
The big reveal from Chrysler today at the Detroit Auto Show was supposed to be the 2013 Dodge Dart, but sitting in a booth at the far end of the display was this shiny jellybean. More »
How To Be One Of The First 86 Scion FR-S Owners
Has the continuous march of news about the Scion FR-S driven you to crave the lightweight RWD sports car like a smack addict seeking his next fix? Scion's offering you an opportunity to be one of the first 86 customers to take delivery. More »
2013 Cadillac ATS: 2012 Detroit Auto Show Live Photos
After brief opening remarks from General Motors CEO Dan Akerson, head of design Ed Welburn, and President of GM North America Mark Reuss at the College for Creative Studies, America's biggest automaker dropped the sheets off the Cadillac of compacts - More »
2013 Ford Fusion: Open Wide And Say Hot
Taking a page from Ragu, Ford is giving buyers of the 2013 Ford Fusion more choices than they can probably comprehend. Five different powerplants (three gas, hybrid, plugin-hybrid), two transmissions, and FWD/AWD options. More »
2013 Ford Fusion Energi: The World's Most Efficient Car*
Amongst Ford's numerous powertrain choices for the 2013 Ford Fusion is the the 2013 Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid, a vehicle that may actually be the world's most fuel efficient car. More »
2013 Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid: A Greener Shade Of Beige
Here in Detroit, Volkswagen is setting up to reveal its long-awaited entry in the gasoline-electric space. That's the Jetta Hybrid. Indeed, later this year, the company will introduce a hybrid version of its Jetta sedan.
The hybrid Jetta, thoughtfully referred to as the Jetta Hybrid, will be... More »
2013 Mercedes-Benz SL: Detroit Auto Show Live Photos
Mercedes-Benz is celebrating 60 years of the SL badge with the overhauled 2013 Mercedes SL, the first built almost entirely from aluminum. Let's call it Aluminum und Se… oh, wait... More »
If These Detroit Auto Show Concepts Are Chevy's Future, Shoot Me Now
Chevrolet claims these two concept cars - the Tru 140S and the Code 130R - based on the eager yearnings of the youth of America and unveiled here moments ago at the Detroit Auto Show - More »
2013 Dodge Dart: 2012 Detroit Auto Show Photos, Info
The world's first introduction to the Dodge Neon was a simple TV commercial that exclaimed "Hi!" Our introduction to the 2013 Dodge Dart at the Detroit Auto Show was an admission that, since the Neon's introduction, the company hasn't done much in the compact space to get excited about.
It's worth... More »
2013 Ford Fusion: Detroit Auto Show Live Photos, Info
Ford kicked off its 2013 Ford Fusion press conference in Detroit by referring to the midsized-sedan market as a "battleground." Sleepiest battleground ever, you say? More »
2013 Nissan Pathfinder: First Photos
Nissan's come a long way since 1986. From the pickup-with a back first generation, Nissan has re-invented the once-humble Pathfinder into a luxury kiddie hauler. More »
2012 Dodge Charger Redline: Detroit Auto Show Photos, Info
Dodge has taken the Charger R/T and, to use a verb coined by Mopar CEO Pietro Gorlier, "Moparized" the hell out of it. The result of this brutal Moparization is, in its most-Moparized form, a 590 hp monster that's not street-legal.
There are, of course, two lesser Stage variants you can drive home,... More »
Chevrolet Tru 140S Concept: Detroit Auto Show Live Photos
Yes, it's ugly, but it's also the future according Chevy. It's the Tru 140S concept - a four-seat coupe that - like its Code red-colored brother - More »
2013 Porsche 911 Cabriolet: Detroit Auto Show Live Photos, Info
Porsche pushed a new 911 Cabriolet sans chappeau onto the dias in Detroit this morning on a brief stop on its way to dealerships this spring. If you get the chance to deliver one, take the long way. More »
Photo Credit: Brian Williams / Jalopnik


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Leading off the 600 Series is the MR605 NV. As the name hints, this wheel is an evolution of the popular MR305 NV with more aggressive dimensions including 20x10 and 20x12. Method's signature 'Street-Loc' lip is standard on the one-piece wheel and includes removable stainless steel bolts around the lip. For those who are after a deep-dish look, this is going to be a contender. The 20x10 has a 3" lip and the 20x12 has a 5.25" lip. A bolt-on aluminum center ring houses a snap in cap with a raised Method logo for 5 & 6 lug applications with a bolt-on cap for 8 lug. Around the bolt circle are two massive debossed Method logos. With stout load ratings of 2650 lbs. for 5 & 6 lug applications and 3640 lbs. for 8 lug, these wheels will be right at home on lifted trucks, Jeeps and SUVs.
Method Race Wheels uses its long history in the racing industry to produce a full line of off-road racing wheels for all types of off-road vehicles including Jeeps. Method Race Wheels manufactures its wheels using in the factory that same rugged wheel making production methods used in the shop that services the race rigs. Method Race Wheels also produces stylish street wheels for Jeeps. Race wheels and street wheels are both rigorously tested. Method Race Wheels collects data from its race rigs and from customers so that each season's new wheel models are an improvement on what came before. Shop Method Race Wheels Now
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Showtime gave fans a first look at Season 3 of its hit "Homeland" with a trailer that shows more strife ahead for CIA officer Carrie Mathison and now fugitive Nicholas Brody.
After last season's attack on the CIA memorial service, the CIA itself is the focus of a Congressional investigation, which means Carrie (Claire Danes) and her boss, Saul Berenson (Mandy Patinkin), are put under a microscope. In the meantime, Marine-turned-terrorist Brody (Damian Lewis) is on the lam, an international fugitive who in the clip appears to have survived a shooting and beatdown.
The most intriguing bit from the clip for me is a closeup of a notebook showing, among many other scrawls, the words "frame Brody while destroying the CIA." Does it belong to Peter Quinn (Rupert Friend), the CIA black ops agent who took over the Brody case last season? It looks like he's on a new black-ops mission in the trailer, or maybe he's just hunting Brody. But that conflicts with last season's events: He was assigned to kill Brody last season, but refused to do so and threatened CIA honcho David Estes (David Harewood) that if Brody died, he would kill Estes.
Who is scribbling plots in that notebook if not Quinn?
What do you think of the trailer? The new season begins at 8 p.m. CT Sept. 29. More from Showtime's press release below:
"Homeland" tells the story of Carrie Mathison (Danes), a CIA officer battling her own demons, who becomes convinced that the intelligence that led to the rescue of U.S. soldier, then Congressman, now fugitive, Nicholas Brody (Lewis) was a setup and may be connected to an Al Qaeda plot to be carried out on American soil.
Season 3 opens during the aftermath of the horrific terror attack that decimated the U.S. intelligence apparatus, and prompted a global manhunt for the world's most wanted terrorist, Nick Brody. As Carrie and Saul (Patinkin) begin to pick up the pieces of their shattered professional and personal lives, they are swept up in the political and media firestorm surrounding the terror attack and the subsequent search for Brody's whereabouts. Developed for American television by Alex Gansa and Howard Gordon, and based on the original Israeli series "Prisoners of War" by Gideon Raff, the series also stars Morena Baccarin, Sarita Choudhoury, F. Murray Abraham, Tracy Letts, Jackson Pace and Morgan Saylor.
"Homeland" has been honored with a number of major awards for the series and its stars across a variety of categories in its first two seasons including Emmy and Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Drama, as well as a prestigious Peabody Award. Tied as the network's No. 1 rated series, HOMELAND had a record-breaking sophomore season with unprecedented growth, watched by 6.2 million weekly viewers across platforms, up 43 percent versus its freshman season. Along with Gansa and Gordon, the executive producers for season three are Gideon Raff, Chip Johannessen, Alexander Cary, Henry Bromell, Avi Nir and Ran Telem. The series is produced by FOX 21.
Want more? Discuss this article and others on Show Patrol's Facebook page.


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For many years the Fayette community has been blessed with an excellent public library. The adult section has offered a first rate selection of fiction and non-fiction books that has been consistently current. The children's library has strongly supplemented the Fayette School library.
Every reading authority recognizes that the more children read, the greater their success in school. As a former elementary principal, I know that Fayette students profited greatly from the use of the Normal Memorial Library.
Please support your library with your vote on May 4.
– John Winzeler
Retired Elementary Principal
Co. Rd. L, Fayette


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DeKALB – DeKalb Public Library officials will ask DeKalb city leaders Monday to borrow $7.5 million to help pay for a library expansion that would more than triple the library's size.
Library Director Dee Coover, board President Clark Neher and architects from Nagel Hartray Architecture – a Chicago-based firm tasked with designing the new library – will tell the council why they think the city should help pay for the $24 million project.
If the council decides to issue bonds, residents would see the library's property tax rate increase by 8 cents, from 30 cents per $100 in equalized assessed value to 38 cents, said Assistant City Manager Rudy Espiritu.
The increase would cost the owner of a home with a $150,000 assessed value who claims the homeowner's exemption about $40 more in annual property taxes.
"They have a good story to tell. This is only one-third of the cost," Espiritu said. "In some communities, sometimes the whole cost is on property taxes."
The library is a component of the city – meaning the City Council will have the final say on any borrowing proposal. The presentation is being heard in the council's Committee of the Whole meeting, meaning final action will not occur Monday.
General obligation bonds are just one-third of the financial plan for the library expansion.
Another third would come mostly from private donations. Espiritu said the library will pitch in $1 million from its own fund, and another $1 million to pay for improvements on Third Street will come from the city's Central Area tax increment financing district. Another $6 million will come from private donors.
The last third is an $8.5 million Illinois Public Library Construction Grant. But the library board needs to show the state that it can follow through on the construction. By June 1, the other two-thirds of the cost – or $15.5 million – must to be raised, Espiritu said.
Library officials, including Neher, have repeatedly emphasized that the library needs more space.
"It's a building that's not able to hold the kind of holdings and programs that we have," Neher said, adding that they have to remove a book for every new one taken in.
If everything goes according to plan, the 19,000-square-foot building that was built in 1931 will get a three-story expansion that would stretch west across Third Street, adding 48,000 square feet to the building. The library, formally known as the Haish Memorial Library, has not been expanded in 40 years.
Neher described the borrowing proposal, and the subsequent property tax increase, as being small when considering that the city did not pay for the library's original construction.
"We have worked to do all we can to make sure that amount is small for the taxpayer and the citizens of DeKalb," Neher said.
The current building is also in need of repair. Neher highlighted the building's roof, heating and air conditioning system, and boiler rooms as being areas of concern.
He also pointed to the building's inability to conform to regulations mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act. People in wheelchairs have to exit the building to go from the first floor to the library's lower levels. There is no elevator to take them to the second or third floors, Neher said.
Coover was not available for comment Wednesday.
By the numbers
Here is how DeKalb library leaders are proposing paying for a $24 million expansion:
• $8.5 million in Illinois Public Library Construction Grant
• $7.5 million in bonds the city could issue
• $6 million in private donations
• $1 million from DeKalb's Central Area tax increment financing district fund
• $1 million from the DeKalb Public Library's fund reserves
If you go
What: DeKalb City Council Meeting
When: 6 p.m. Monday
Where: DeKalb Municipal Building, 200 S. 4th St., DeKalb


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"And you shall remember HaShem, your God, for it is He Who gives you the strength to act valiantly" (Deut. 8:18). This verse, which appears in our parshat ha-shavuah, is invoked by Rabbi Moshe Feinstein (Iggerot Mosheh, Orach Chaim 2:111) as justification for human beings to draft insurance contracts. The Creator has given humankind the creative wisdom to devise insurance programs that benefit society. The verse teaches us to draft commercially appropriate insurance contracts and that, while doing so, we must give thanks to the Creator for granting us the ability to conceive of these policies, Rabbi Feinstein declares.
The same is assuredly true for drafting prenuptial agreements that champion the welfare of the righteous women of Israel. In the article "May we all be 'Hartmanized'" that I was privileged to publish in The CJN on Jan. 19, 2012, I presented a proposal to that effect. Since then, I have received illuminating feedback from sagacious CJN readers recommending improvements to my essay. There is no greater compliment possible to this newspaper's readership!
As such, the second edition – revised and corrected – of my proposal is now available at http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/443780/Prenuptial_Agreements.
My proposal essentially consists of two prenuptial agreements.
First, in order for a sefer keritut (bill of divorce required by Torah law to dissolve the marriage between two Jews) to be valid, there must be no financial coercion imposed on the husband. The first prenuptial agreement therefore, shields, the prospective bride and groom – before they contract their marriage – from any government legislation or judicial decisions that may be interpreted as depriving the husband of money in the event of any marital disagreement. Such legislation/judicial rulings could render the bride an agunah, but a prenuptial agreement will presciently solve the dilemma by granting the bride and groom freedom of religious conscience.
Second, in order to financially empower the bride, she can be given (if the groom so offers before the wedding) a prenuptial agreement of tosefet mezonot (enhanced daily allowance), as was Rebecca our Matriarch, as recorded by Rashi in commentary on Genesis 27:9. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky encouraged the implementation of such a prenuptial agreement, but it's necessary to diamond-polish Rabbi Kamenetzky's proposal so that it conforms with the consensus of poskim. Under a modified version of Rabbi Kamenetzky's scheme (presented in my essay), every day that the husband and wife live in harmony, the husband would give his wife a large sum of money. (Of course, nothing is given on the Sabbath or festivals.) The wife thus controls the purse strings of the marriage. When marital harmony dissolves, although the wife is not entitled to any further allowance, she now possesses the extensive wealth necessary to offer to pay her husband for a sefer keritut, which will be kosher if the husband so agrees.
Accordingly, let us thank the Creator who has given the readership of CJN and myself, working co-operatively together, "the strength to act valiantly" in publishing such a proposal to benefit the righteous women of Israel.
Rabbi Shalom Spira is spiritual leader of Congregation Kol Yehouda in Cote St. Luc, Que.


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10 Boredom-Buster Activities for Kids
Do your kids get bored in no time flat?
Want to make the most of the time you spend with them, even when it's just a few minutes?
Bring on the boredom-buster activities for kids!
We'll help you find something fun to do together before they turn on the TV or electronics and tune you out.
The editors of My Kids' Adventures have searched the web for fun things you can do with your kids in 10 minutes or less.
In this article I'll share our 10 favorite ways to connect with kids and beat the boredom blues—fast!
Why Make Time for Quick Adventures?
Any time you spend with your kids can be quality time; you just have to find it and fill it with something fun.
Think of those little 10-minute chunks of time in between other things: while you're driving to and from school, waiting for activities to start or end, having a snack, getting ready for dinner or bed… Often these short slots of time are filled with TV or video games, but you can fill them with fun family activities instead.
There are plenty of mini-adventures you can have with your kids in those short slices of time between other things, so make the most of those little moments. Fill them with something fun before the kids have a chance to check out and get bored.
These boredom-buster activities for kids will make it easy.


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Alexander Gordons: "Your stalker is making attacks again and sending unsolicited email. I conclude from my observations that he is not interested in science or truth since he does not address the science in the articles. It is entirely about his ego and a personal vendetta".
The Question Evolution Project: "He's obviously unbalanced. If people took him seriously, and if he actually was capable of reason without logical fallacies and many double standards, he might be worth engaging in discussion."
If people did NOT take me seriously, liar Sorensen would not spend all his time quoting me out of context and trying - unsuccessfully - to rubbish everything I say. He would like to silence me. He cannot. If he carries on lying about my remarks I will carry on exposing his hypocrisy and duplicity.
Gordons is a LYING ****. Since I DID address science in my post dated 18 April (censored by John Hartnett) and referred to above - which post my email LINKED to.
I quote: "I do not claim to be a geology expert but claims of radiocarbon found 'in' diamonds and so forth have been refuted by honest Christians who also understand geology as well as in places such as Rational Wiki:
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/101_eviden ... e_universe
See here (comments by Jon Baker as well as myself):
http://www.lineoffireradio.com/2011/08/ ... nt-page-2/"
Go on Sorensen - quote me again! Call me 'insane' again to your (small) rabble of hypocrites and haters.
It WON'T wash.
PS Some interesting links have been supplied here by Glenn Thames: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Question ... 5451851831 Such as this interesting piece: http://www.oldearth.org/cult.htm I have added some comments about TQEP and other YEC outfits. EDIT: Including here: https://www.facebook.com/OldEarthMinistries


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Ephemera as a Guide [1]
Using magazine clippings; photographs; found or created notes, letters, and postcards; and other items, construct a story from ephemera. Put the items in box and add to it as the week goes on. When you feel that you've compiled enough, write the story relying on the ephemera as a guide.


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Your search did not match any results.
We suggest you try the following to help find what you're looking for:
5,000 executives agree that innovation drives growth, yet barriers remain. Isolation and turning data into insights are key issues for marketing, which ranks low on owning innovation. Find out why.
Innovation drives business growth, but there are barriers to implementation.
46% of marketing executives recognise their lead role in driving business growth through technological innovation, but actually rank low when it comes to owning innovation.
Although challenges remain, including trust between departments, marketers can help lead strategic growth through data-driven insights.
Marketers have access to data, insights, and new technologies to lead the business innovation agenda.
See how Localz' solutions keep things real-time and personal throughout their customer purchase cycle.
Discover how marketers shape business culture and break barriers.
Marketers must lead technological innovation to drive business growth.


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By: Sanket Pai, Head, Customer & Product Experience at Celoxis
About Celoxis:
Celoxis is a comprehensive project management tool that helps companies streamline management of projects, time sheets, expenses and business processes, specific to their organization. Over the last decade, Celoxis has specialized in delivering improved collaboration and increased efficiency for teams of all sizes, both in SMB and Enterprise segments. To know more visit www.celoxis.com
Connect with us:


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On Mar 21, 2013 Hard Rock Cafe Hollywood hosted Hard Rock Rising An Annual Global Battle of the Bands powered by Reverbnation. Four bands competing under the most extreme pressure with exactly 25 minutes to get on and off stage or points taken off. This was one tough competition. Eliminations were from voting online, crowds cheering and a cast of judges.
As intense as it seemed the bands did not look that stressed. The Four bands in this phase were Red Light, Eyeshine, Event Horizon and Glitter Rose. Glitter Rose one of the bands competing stated of the experience "Its an honour to have so many fans that support us, and we are thrilled to be a part of it", Event Horizon said "It's a great experience and the atmosphere, amazing. " Eyeshine mentioned " A Great opportunity to perform in front of our fans ". The crowd had a lot of energy and each band brought it to the fullest extent.
The winner of the evening was Glitter Rose and they are on to the next level to compete in the regional finals at Hard Rock Cafe Universal City Walk on April 4th. Hard Rock Cafe Universal City Walk is located at 1000 Universal Studios Blvd., Universal City. The show is FREE to all ages and begins at 7pm. For more information about Hard Rock Rising please contact the website www.Hardrock.com
After the Hard Rock Rising Regional Finals competition, Glitter Rose will celebrate her birthday at Paparazzi Comedy's Afterparty Birthday Bash at Saddle Ranch Chop House Universal City Walk. For more information about Glitter Rose www.glitterrose.com


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Project Sponsor
Name: Matt Domsch
Fedora Account Name: mdomsch
Group: Infrastructure
Infrastructure Sponsor: mdomsch
Secondary Contact info
Name: Jeff Garzik
Fedora Account Name: jgarzik
Group: Kernel Developers
Project Info
Project Name: IPv6 Connectivity for Infrastructure
Target Audience: IPv6-capable users
Expiration/Delivery Date (required): 12/31/2009
Description/Summary: Fedora Infrastructure services are not reachable via IPv6. This plan allows FI to serve both IPv4 and IPv6 users.
Project plan (Detailed):
- Discover and use native IPv6 connectivity if offered in each of our data centers.
# Telia is reported to have it # Options: 6to4 gateway server, or 6to4 on each public-facing (static IP) server.
- Convert services one by one to serve IPv6 natively.
# Proxy Servers # MirrorManager
Specific resources needed
- publictest instance in PHX for the 6to4 gateway and/or a proxy server which itself uses 6to4.
IPv6 Capabilities by Data Center
- PHX - unknown
- telia - native IPv6 available, need address space delegations
- tummy - unknown
- serverbeach - unknown
- ibiblio - unknown
- BU - unknown


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St. Bonaventure University's Career and Professional Readiness Center (CPRC) has recognized five students by shining a spotlight on their internship experiences.
The CPRC acknowledged Simone Bernstein, a senior social entrepreneurship and altruism major; Amy Hohman, a 2013 graduate in community mental health; Angelia Roggie and Alexandra Salerno, senior journalism and mass communication majors; and Kelly Sperrazzo, a graduate student studying business administration, for their internship selections during a luncheon and student panel session on Thursday, Jan. 23.
The purpose of the panel was to help other St. Bonaventure students see what opportunities are available to them. The students discussed their application process, day-to-day tasks and responsibilities, highlights from their experience and gave advice to students searching for internships.
The Internship Spotlight program is designed for students to gain recognition for their internship experience throughout their years at St. Bonaventure. This is the first year of the program.
"We just developed the program this fall, but we hope to make this an annual event and opportunity to recognize a different group of interns on the wall next year," said Pamela Ferman, career counselor and employer relations coordinator.
The Intern Wall of Fame showcases the students recognized by the CPRC.
"The Intern Wall of Fame is located across the hall of Reilly Center 219 and displays the large professional photos and biographies of the winners with their internship information," Ferman said. "We want to showcase the great internships St. Bonaventure students participate in as well as encourage other students by showing them what great opportunities are out there."
The Wall of Fame interns also received a professional portfolio and a $50 gift card to a store of her choice for professional dress.
Hohman said she interned as a therapist at the Cattaraugus County Department of Community Services. She learned what path she wants to pursue in community mental health.
"Learning in a classroom from a book is so much different from being able to learn hands on," Hohman said. "When you are doing work, you get to explore what you like, and where you want to take your future and your focus. Internships are a great way to 'get your foot in the door' and potentially have a job waiting for you when you graduate."
Salerno interned at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) as a media relations summer associate. She said it's beneficial for students to search for internship programs.
"There is more structure when working in an internship program," Salerno said. "In a program, you're networking with other students who have similar interests and there are more beneficial opportunities you can take after you leave the program."
Roggie, who interned at the White House as a speechwriter, offered advice to students who are nervous about not landing their dream internship.
Roggie admitted that she is not a fan of politics, "but when I got to the White house they told me, 'This isn't politics, this is government,' so I suggest doing something you normally wouldn't do because you might find something that you really enjoy."
About the University: The nation's first Franciscan university, St. Bonaventure University cultivates graduates who are confident and creative communicators, collaborative leaders and team members, and innovative problem solvers who are respectful of themselves, others, and the diverse world around them. We are establishing pathways to internships, graduate schools and careers in the context of our renowned liberal arts tradition. Our students are becoming extraordinary.
Application forms, procedures and additional information
There are many ways to experience
St. Bonaventure for yourself
Learn more about the programs that interest you


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Hi, whenever I try to install lirc on ubuntu 12.04 64bit (up-to-date) it installs, but I get this output during the install:
The install completes, yet the remote does not get picked up in irw (where it used to in 11.10) I presume because of the ls error. Any ideas?Code:(Reading database ... 155708 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking lirc (from .../lirc_0.9.0-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for doc-base ... Processing 1 added doc-base file... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up lirc (0.9.0-0ubuntu1) ... ls: cannot access /lib/modules/3.2.0-24-generic/kernel/drivers/staging/lirc: No such file or directory * Loading LIRC modules [ OK ] * Starting remote control daemon(s) : LIRC


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All Her Life, Spensa Has Dreamed Of Becoming A Pilot Of Proving She S A Hero Like Her Father She Made It To The Sky, But The Truths She Learned About Her Father Were Crushing.Spensa Is Sure There S To The Story And She S Sure That Whatever Happened To Her Father In His Starship Could Happen To Her When She Made It Outside The Protective Shell Of Her Planet, She Heard The Stars And It Was Terrifying Everything Spensa Has Been Taught About Her World Is A Lie But Spensa Also Discovered A Few Other Things About Herself And She Ll Travel To The End Of The Galaxy To Save Humankind If She Needs To.
10 thoughts on "Starsight (Skyward, #2) "
I need Doomslug in my life right now
8 16 The release date was announced so I m moving this to my to read shelf because I know I ll be reading it the day it comes out hopefully I m SUPER excited for this book 5 31 THE COVER IS HERE AND IT IS BEAUTIFUL Dear Brandon,Can you please release this book as quickly as possible I need to know what happens to Spensa and her friends Sincerely,A Fan
I love this cover sooooo much
update COVER COVER COVER COVER COVER I M GOING TO PASS THE FUCK OUT ____this could be written entirely from the perspective of a cave slug and still be the best book of 2019
sigh I want my own cytonic hyperdrive so I can teleport to 2019 to read this book Yes I know that s not how it works
Thank you to the publisher for providing me with an ARC via Edelweiss in exchange for an honest review.Skyward 1 2Starsight Book Three Book Four A hero does not choose her trails Amazing, non stop exciting, massive expansion of this fascinating universe Full review to come closer to the publication date.
What the prologue needs to be what happened to DoomslugAlso some people might hate me for this but. Spinface, anyone
Listen, that synopsis is crazy vague and is 70% Skyward recap, and after blitzing through the ARC in two days I can tell you that s really the best they can do.I cannot tell you anything about the plot of this book, because it takes a hard left within the first 100 pages and from there, I hope you all get to experience all of the revelations and the delightful feeling of things coming together the same way I did What I can say is I love everyone in this book, new characters and old, but especially my Space Daughter Spensa, who has at least moved beyond her days of literally eating rats and is slightly less garbage now She s still got a lot of room to grow, but that s why I love her The themes are really good, guys I can t tell you what they are, but I like them a lot If you re familiar with Brandon s body of work, you ll recognize some through line ideology here There is SO MUCH worldbuilding galaxybuilding in this book, and I ate it all up with a spoon because that is what I am ABOUT Including some neat aliens and btw, if anyone else listened to that Writing Excuses episode about worldbuilding gender roles and got worried about alien gender, don t be the idea discussed on the podcast has been refined and made way alien less parallel to human genders and reproduction, and I actually quite liked it.I think that s about as specific as I can be, because the process of discovering and figuring things out in this book was so much fun for me that I really want everyone else to get to enjoy it the same way One last, general note as much as I love the Stormlight core Cosmere books, I do think that Sanderson s shorter, faster paced works are often better, whether in terms of sheer enjoyment this series, the Wax and Wayne books, the Reckoners or craft The Emperor s Soul It s nice to read something from him every now and again that isn t weighed down by a massive, complicated plot, and just feels like a storyteller giving himself a chance to play.
One thing we tend to expect in YA is the presence of romance There s no real sign of it in Skyward, though Was this your intention from the start, or did the characters just not work out that way It was the characters In my first draft, I tried to shoehorn a romance in I like romance you ll find them in my adult books But here, it didn t fit the characters or the theme, and it felt inappropriate This is a very traumatic time for Spensa, who s focused in every way on becoming a pilot and finding out the secrets of her past, and romance just didn t work So I revised in the direction the characters demanded.The obvious pairing was Spensa and Jerkface That s where I was trying to go, but it felt like a cheesy romance in the middle of an action adventure story about finding out who you really are, and about going into battle, and all of that stress and pressure Maybe someday I ll release the deleted scenes and people can see how poorly it worked.Yeah Ok I get that for the first book But it will happen eventually right Pleeeease I need this book right now.


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Good Enough For A Pulitzer, But Not Good Enough For Apple
from the seriously,-what-the-hell-is-going-on-over-there dept
Just as online content only begins to get some recognition as being Pulitzer worthy, it looks like those content creators still have a major hurdle to overcome: namely, Apple's incredibly screwed up application approval process. Cartoonist Mark Fiore made Internet and journalism history this week as the first online-only journalist to win a Pulitzer prize for his work over at the San Francisco Chronicle. Much more difficult? Getting his iPhone cartoon application past Apple's application store guardians. Fiore says his application was rejected last December because, as an Apple letter phrased it, his satirical cartoons "ridicule public figures," a violation of Apple's iPhone Developer Program License Agreement:
"Applications may be rejected if they contain content or materials of any kind (text, graphics, images, photographs, sounds, etc.) that in Apple's reasonable judgement may be found objectionable, for example, materials that may be considered obscene, pornographic, or defamatory. Examples of such content have been attached for your reference."
Except the attached examples provided by Apple weren't offensive in any way, and included such radical and supposedly-offensive things like caricatures of the couple that recently crashed a White House dinner. Of course, this is only the latest in a long list of bizarre and seemingly arbitrary Apple decisions that have kept developers from getting their wares to the application store. Luckily for Fiore, his plight resulted in some negative press for Apple, and by the end of Thursday, Apple had personally called him to say his application had miraculously and suddenly made the grade. As usual, Apple wouldn't officially comment about how or why they had screwed up.
You'd like to think that this would be good news for other platforms, given that developers would eventually get tired of dealing with Apple's bizarre inconsistencies and turn their efforts elsewhere. But this never really happens, given that Apple's application store remains the best place to gain exposure and make money -- and the inconsistent approval process means many developers are never impacted. It also seems likely that the walls surrounding newer application stores (like Verizon's) could wind up being even worse. Still the problem remains and, obviously, people wonder if Fiore would have had his rejection reversed if he wasn't in the media spotlight for his Pulitzer win.
Meanwhile, Dan Gillmor and outlets like the Columbia Journalism Review think it's time for journalists to start "pushing back against Apple" and asking some hard questions. Gillmor's general concern is whether news outlets risk having their applications rejected should they criticize Apple (though that would seemingly indicate consistency, something Apple's apparently not good at) -- and more specifically what happens when a paper like the New York Times enters such a tight iPad business arrangement with a company they cover frequently. Surely most people in the press will get right on asking Apple those kinds of hard questions -- right after they stop collectively gushing and cooing over the iPad for hits.


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Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Saginaw's poetry group, the River Junction Poets, hosts the ongoing Poets Birthday Readings at the Barnes & Noble Bookstore on Tittabawassee Road in Saginaw. The phone number of that store is 989 790 9214. Read about our recent events at http://poetry.meetup.com/427. All best, Andy
Posted by Andrew Christ at 10:09 PM 0 comments
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The Chicago Fire will look to take their nine-game unbeaten run across all competitions when they welcome sort-of, kind-of, Midwest rivals Sporting KC to Toyota Park Sunday afternoon (LIVE 2pm CT on ESPN)...
Here are five things you should know about today's match...
Austin Berry Bobblehead Day
The day has come. After long hours of using Fire staff to make sure he won the bobblehead contest, Austin Berry will be immortalized as one of sports great giveaway items this afternoon when the Fire take on Sporting KC.
The first 7,500 supporters into Toyota Park Sunday will receive an Austin Berry bobblehead, courtesy of Quaker (distributed at all gates, except Gate F) and just like when he ended up on a Life cereal box last season, Austin isn't getting too big a head about it (see what I did there?).
READ: Magee the catalyst for a Fire attack that's began clicking
"It's fun. Fun for the family and all the people who supported me growing up in youth soccer. Just like the Quaker Life cereal box, it's another fun way for my family to enjoy it."
I think Austin is well on his way to becoming a Quaker corporate spokesperson.
It seems fitting…
Athletico Coaching Corner with Mike Matkovich
…that as today is Austin Berry Bobblehead Day (presented by Quaker), that the 2012 MLS Rookie of the Year will make his 50th competitive appearance for the Men in Red vs. Sporting KC.
Berry of course had a turbulent debut, stepping in for the suspended Jalil Anibaba on May 4, 2012 at Chivas USA.
On that night, the Cincinnati native conceded a penalty to Alejandro Moreno (which Juan Pablo Angel converted) before earning the equalizer just two minutes later.
Ever since then, Berry has never been left off the team sheet in a competitive Fire match, making the half century mark possible so early in his career.
Nothing new on the injury front…
There has been lots of talk as to whether or not Fire winger Patrick Nyarko, who suffered a tight hamstring in the win vs. San Jose at midweek, would be available for Sunday's match but he hasn't been listed on the Athletico Injury Report all week.
Nyarko told me this week that he hopes to play some part in the match but if not, it seems likely Joel Lindpere would come in for him and play on the left while Dilly Duka would set up on the right side of midfield.
Fire captain Logan Pause was also hopeful to target Sunday's game as his return from SI Dysfunction (i.e. a lower back injury) but the 11-year veteran didn't train in full this week and both he and manager Frank Klopas indicated it was unlikely he'd be in the 18.
Playoff Picture Update…
The six-game league unbeaten streak the Fire are currently shows both how good they've been of late and how much of a hole they dug themselves at the beginning of the MLS campaign.
The idle Fire went into Saturday's games just two points out of the last Eastern Conference playoff spot but saw both New England (2-0 win over San Jose) and Houston (1-0 win over Philadelphia) come away victorious.
READ: Why Sporting's wide play should be of concern to the Fire
The results pushed the Fire back down one spot to seventh (21 points) on the Eastern Conference table and leaves the team' five points behind fifth place Houston for the last playoff spot in the East (26 points), albeit with two games in hand. The Fire can jump back into sixth and cut the Dynamo point lead back to two.
It would also further tighten the East playoff race as Sporting would remain on 27 points with idle Philadelphia and New York sits just one point ahead of them...
Traveling Support
Sunday's game is expected to be one of the better crowds of the season for the Fire and that also means that we'll get a visit from our friends from Kansas as an estimated 350-375 sporting supporters are making the trek to Toyota Park for today's game.
Hope you bring your flags!


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Electronic Arts provided distribution support for APB, whose bankrupt studio is being sold off; today a senior EA executive said the game's poor reviews were somewhat predicted internally and suggested to Realtime Worlds.
"We did suggest that where it landed from a review score standpoint was where we thought it was going to land from a review score standpoint," David DeMartini, the head of EA Partners, told GamesIndustry.biz.
"We were having a lot of discussions with them about where we thought the title was, at least advising them so that they could make a decision," he added. "I imagine they think they could have done some things differently at this point, but hindsight's always 20-20."
APB is currently a 58 on Metacritic, 61 on GameRankings, so that "suggestion" sounds more like a vote of no-confidence. DeMartini expressed sympathy for Realtime Worlds, which this week entered administration - the U.K. analogue to bankruptcy reorganization in the U.S.
"I feel bad for David [Jones, the Realtime Worlds CEO], I feel bad for everybody on that team," he said. "It's just sad all the way around. It's not great for the industry either because the team gets tarnished, the game gets tarnished, customers aren't exactly delighted with the experience that they got."
EA of course is publishing BioWare's upcoming MMO Star Wars: The Old Republic, but DeMartini is confident that game will be a success. Still "It's a really hard category to make a game. You spend tens of millions of dollars and that's a lot of a risk."
EA Anticipated APB's Review Scores [GamesIndustry.biz]


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Tag: spa party
Plan A DIY Home Spa Party!
Let's face it, we all deserve some TLC pamperin' STAT! Instead of emptying our wallets for professional facials and mani/pedis, let's DIY it up and save our dolla dolla billz for future vegan cake binges and shoe shopping sprees....
Read more >>


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Amazon Buys Book Recommendation Site Goodreads
Seeing natural synergies with its bookselling business, Amazon on Thursday said it was buying recommendation site Goodreads.
"Goodreads has helped change how we discover and discuss books and, with Kindle, Amazon has helped expand reading around the world," Amazon VP Russ Grandinetti said in a statement. "Together we intend to build many new ways to delight readers and authors alike."
Amazon didn't disclose the terms of the deal, but said it should close in the second quarter. Goodreads will keep its San Francisco offices, Amazon said.
It's not the first time Amazon has bought a social book site. Back in 2008, the company acquired Shelfari.


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On Thursday around 8 p.m., news spread that another victim, 46-year-old Sinando Sen, was shoved onto the subway tracks at the 40th Street-Lowery Street subway station in Sunnyside.
The attacker passed along the platform before taking a seat, and as the train approached she attacked by pushing another innocent victim from behind to the tracks, according to witnesses.
In a Queens criminal court, it was reported that the aggressor, Erika Menendez, 31, laughed in her arraignment
She blamed "Muslims, Hindus and Egyptians" for the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, and told police, "I pushed a Muslim on the train tracks because I hate Hindus and Muslims – ever since 2001 when they put down the Twin Towers I've been beating them up."
So here we are again.
In the day and age where fingers are quick to be pointed at a blame or cause for these tragic events, it is apparent that mental instability has once again become the root of another disaster in our subway system.
A Q train killed a 58-year-old Elmhurst man, Ki-Suck Han, when he was pushed from a Times Square platform on Dec. 3 after getting into a fight with his emotionally unstable aggressor.
Thirty-year-old Naeem Davis was screaming at Han before the attack, however he claims that Han, "wouldn't leave me alone so I pushed him," according to reports.
Either way, we're looking at someone who needs help.
In the end, the brunt of the blame was placed on the Post photographer whose picture became immortalized on the front page; however that is a moral dilemma of its own.
Today, the country is asking whether gun control or mental health is the cause over the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary, or the man who killed two firefighters just before Christmas in Monroe County. And maybe it's a little bit of both.
But they are also asking; what are we doing wrong?
Is it that automatic weapons are too easily accessible, or is it possible that it something more deeply rooted than that?
We can all agree that a mentally unstable person off their medication should not have the ability to shoot 800 rounds per minute, or that anyone should for that matter.
But is it becoming a luxury for people to receive the care they need?
Health care costs have continued to climb, doubling in the last decade, to nearly $20,000 annually for uninsured families of four, according to a Forbes report.
The Hidden Costs of U.S. Health Care reports that out of pocket spending on professional services and "imputed value of supervisory care provided to a friend or family member," are also up by roughly 4 percent. Forbes also showed that premiums have gone up and physician compensation is the lowest in pediatrics and family medicine.
The Huffington Post reported that states have cut over $1.6 billion in outpatient care, vital to treating mental illness; while some, like Illinois, Ohio and Massachusetts, have made hundreds of millions of dollars in direct cuts to mental health spending, leaving little or no space at hospitals.
So, what is there to do for the 47 percent of us waiting on Obamacare in 2014? And what can be done to ease the tension in our subway systems and in our schools?
Now is the time more than ever for bipartisan agreement in the house.
Will the city have enough in the bank to look into a solution like building barriers or sliding doors, which has been tossed around as a couple possibilities, or will they look into tackling the broader issue, mental health?
Until something is done, there will be some paranoid commuters looking over their shoulders and leaning casually against the large steel columns in subway terminals in the coming months until something is done there to ease some of this stress.


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Labels: acting
Freudian Slips
About Me
- Name: Joe Tornatore
- Location: Irony, New Jersey, United States
Life takes us many places. It's a box of chocolates and a Hansel and Gretal trail of candy wrappers. I have filmed as an actor in The Happening, Invincible, The Lovely Bones, The Bounty Hunter, The Greek American, Bazookas, Limitless, TV's Its Always Sunny in Philly, Outlaw, New York, The Warrior, The Nail, Game Change, Cold Case, & commercial work includes The Philadelphia Eagles, Septa, Coors, Turbo Tax & Carnival Cruises. Freudian Slips spotlights irony in short story format.


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By Karen Lightman, MEMS Industry Group
Originally posted on MicroManufacturing
"Manufacturing matters," as Bennett Harrison, my graduate advisor at Carnegie Mellon University, used to say. It was a main theme of The Deindustrialization of America, a book he co-authored with Barry Bluestone describing the demise of manufacturing jobs in the United States. Today, as I see it, "MEMS matters"—and not just in the U.S. MEMS manufacturing matters worldwide.
MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) matters because in these insecure economic times, the MEMS industry is a bright spot in manufacturing. MEMS is a $9 billion market, and thanks to increased adoption in consumer and mobile-device applications, the market analysis firm IHS iSuppli projects MEMS will experience double-digit growth annually through 2015, when sales are expected to reach $12.1 billion.
I have been ruminating on this topic a great deal recently because of my interest in the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. The PCAST report on Advanced Manufacturing for the Office of Science and Technology Policy—a report to President Obama on "ensuring American leadership in advanced manufacturing"—was released by the White House in June 2011. That report and Jon Gertner's Aug. 25, 2011, article in The New York Times, "Does America Need Manufacturing," have helped focus my attention on why MEMS—and other advanced technologies—matter to America…


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AAK AB has initiated an arbitration at ICC, International Court of Arbitration against the company Enzymotec Ltd with respect to certain disputed matters under the Shareholders' Agreement entered into on 14 June 2007 regarding the joint venture company Advanced Lipids AB.
"We are generally very restrictive with taking legal actions and we would not normally comment publicly on a legal dispute unless formally obliged to do so. In this case we feel it is called upon due to the fact that Enzymotec has released information regarding the dispute. It has been and remains AAK's preference to amicably reach a settlement with Enzymotec. As our attempts to do so have proven unsuccessful; AAK has referred the matter to arbitration. The relevant joint venture business represents only a minor part of the AAK Group as a whole, but the questions in dispute are in themselves of a fundamental character to the joint venture and thus important to resolve. We have with the assistance of legal counsel carefully reviewed our position and believe that our request is well-founded. The partners of the joint venture are in agreement that it will be business as usual during the arbitration process and that the dispute shall mean no disturbance for the customers; the strong customer focus will continue", says Fredrik Nilsson, CFO, AAK Group.
For further information, please contact:
|Fredrik Nilsson
|Anders Byström
Director External Accounting & Investor Relations
|Phone: + 46 40 627 83 34
|Phone: +46 40 627 83 32
|Mobile: + 46 708 95 22 21
|Mobile: +46 709 88 56 13
AarhusKarlshamn (AAK) is one of the world's leading producers of high value-added speciality vegetable oils and fats solutions. These oils and fats solutions are characterized by a high level of technological content and innovation. AAK`s solutions are used as substitute for butter-fat and cocoa butter, trans-free and low saturated solutions but also addressing other customer needs. AAK has production facilities in Denmark, Mexico, the Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, Uruguay and the US. Further AAK has also toll manufacturing operations in Russia and Malaysia. The company is organized in three Business Areas; Food Ingredients, Chocolate and Confectionery Fats and Technical Products & Feed. AAK's shares are traded on the NASDAQ OMX, Stockholm, within the Large Cap segment. Further information on AAK can be found on the company's website www.aak.com.


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Africa lacks the capacity and projects to attract the levels of investment in clean energy seen in other parts of the world, Kenya's environment minister said on Sunday.
NAIROBI Africa lacks the capacity and projects to attract the levels of investment in clean energy seen in other parts of the world, Kenya's environment minister said on Sunday.
Africa lags behind Asia and Latin America in the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which lets rich nations fund clean energy projects in developing countries, then claim credits back home for delivering greenhouse gas cuts.
Projects range from Indian hydroelectric dams to capturing methane gas from rubbish dumps in Brazil, but only one African country -- South Africa -- has so far benefited under the CDM.
Environment Minister Kivutha Kibwana, who will open a U.N. climate change conference in Nairobi on Monday, said the world's poorest continent lacked the capacity to set up the kind of mega-projects seen elsewhere.
"We do not have the requisite capacity to be able to prepare," he told Reuters in an interview. "These are some of the issues we will have to talk about (at the summit) so Africa is assisted, even to come up with small community projects."
He said that under the CDM, there had been a relative lack of interest in less complex tree planting projects, and that the continent had lost out as a result.
Experts say Africa has contributed least to global warming, but because of its lack of development it is the least prepared to deal with the consequences -- and has the most to lose.
A U.N. report issued on Sunday said the continent was even more vulnerable to climate change than previously feared, with 70 million people at risk from coastal flooding by 2080 and more than a quarter of wildlife habitats under threat.
Kibwana said the growing frequency of droughts and floods blamed on global warming reduced the ability of African leaders to improve peoples' living standards.
"Instead of investing in infrastructure, we now start going back to providing food, rehabilitating the infrastructure and remedial development," he said.
East Africa suffered a severe drought this year, leaving 11 million people short of food in half a dozen countries across some of the region's most arid zones. Tens of thousands of livestock and several hundred people died of hunger and thirst.
Kibwana said many governments on the continent only recently began realising the full dangers of rising temperatures.
"I think the fury of nature, in terms of the adverse effects of climate change, is now forcing countries including my own to take this issue more seriously," he said.
About 6,000 delegates at the Nairobi talks will discuss ways of extending Kyoto beyond its 2012 deadline, as well as looking for ways to help developing countries adapt to climate change.
Source: Reuters
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Mine would have to be either the Head IG Prestige Pro. This racquet does it all. Hits flat well. Spins the ball well. Stable, the right weight for me. Plenty of plow, control on the drives. Great serving racquet, nice cuts on the volleys.
The only thing that happened on my demo is the clear bumper guard came off on one of my backhand slices. I don't know if the material is not as strong as the standard black ones of last year and the years before. But I've never had it peel apart from the center of the top like that.
My close second is the Tecnifibre 325 VO2 max. I'd need a touch of lead so it would plow as well. The volleys all have to be sheared with back spin more than the Prestige Pro. Hitting them flat does launch them more, with a faster rebound angle. But everything else is great.
Views: 1389
Replies to This Discussion
Get em while they are around because they are phasing out that line of sticks, think this is the last year.
Hey Hal, What racquet are you referring to?
Pure Storm Tour.
and I think the Aero Storm is gong bye bye, will reconfirm but pretty sure that is also the case.
The Aero Storm is a racquet not too different from Tecnifibre, as far as feel goes. But the Tecnifibre has a little richer, thicker feel.
Have three and you're set for life! :)
I agree the Head IG Prestige Pro is a great racquet, but I like the HEAD Youtek IG Prestige MP a little better it is just a slightly lighter and more flexible. I find the feel and control better and its more manueverable.
I liked the Midplus, but it's definitely suited to the flatter hitter. I hit some really great returns with it. But the Pro has the spin I like.
The PP is a great racquet. I was going to buy a few, but, got talked into the PD+ by a coach who said that if I am using modern technique, I need the most modern racquet design (double taper rather than flat), to maximize the benefit of modern technique. I do love the PD+, but, I love the weight of the PP. Solid but not too heavy. With a full bed of poly, I could hit some sick topspin with that racquet.
Yeah, the Prestige Pro is probably better than the Tecnifibre 325 VO2 max stability wise, even spin wise. I'm waiting for the price to drop on it. But the full length CAP does bother me as far as balance. I like the bumper guard to be only at the tip.
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hammers66 wrote:Journey To The Center Of The Earth (2008) DVDSCR-XViD-THOR
Genre : Action / Adventure / Thriller / Sc-Fi
Plot : Professor Trevor Anderson (Brendan Fraser) teaches earth sciences at the university and heads the Center of Volcanic Activity. Max Anderson, Trevor's brother, built the monitoring system and placed the units around the world 10 years earlier. For some unknown reason, Max did not return, leaving behind a wife and son, Sean (Josh Hutcherson). Sean's mother leaves the teenager at Trevor's house to get some quality time with his uncle. They look at Max's copy of Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne and find a secret code. Back at the monitoring center Trevor compares the volcanic activity numbers and finds that they are exactly the same as the ones in the book. Trevor and Sean fly to Iceland to check one of the units and to see if they can find some information about where Max went. Trevor hires a beautiful mountain guide, Hannah (Anita Briem), to take them up the volcano. During an electrical storm on the volcano, they get trapped in an abandoned mine.
- Code: Select all
Th0r Presents............
Journey to the Center of the Earth dvdscreener
Size 968.34 MB
mp3 @128
Video Bitrate 1315 kbps
ed2k: Journey.To.The.Center.Of.The Earth.2008.DVDSCR.XViD-THOR.avi [968.31 Mb] [Stats]


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It Was the Serpent!
In preparing for a Sunday School class, I was reading the account in Genesis 3 of God's interrogation and sentencing of Adam, Eve, and the serpent. I've read this passage many times before and am pretty familiar with it, but the English translation I was reading helped me notice something new. After Adam lays the blame for his sin on Eve ("the woman") and even on God ("You gave to be with me"), Eve likewise blames her sin on the serpent. However, most translations render Eve's confession as a simple statement of fact: "The serpent deceived me and I ate." Thus, while Adam comes across like a cornered child defensively casting about for a scapegoat, Eve seems more calm and up front about her sin. That is, until you read the HCSB's rendering: "It was the serpent. He deceived me, and I ate." It's not a huge difference, but by splitting Eve's statement into two sentences, the first of which simply points the finger at the serpent, the HCSB makes Eve's response sound closer in tone to that of Adam.
Because I was so used to the typical rendering of this verse, the HCSB's rendering caught me by surprise and led me to ask, "Is that really what the Hebrew says?"
By the way, this is why it is always helpful to use a variety of translations when studying a familiar passage. When a translation departs from what you're used to, it can expose you to nuances in the text you may have missed before. At the very least, it may prompt you to dig deeper.
For me, digging deeper meant opening the Hebrew text in a parallel pane and examining Eve's response. Cross-highlighting between my English Bible with Strong's Numbers and the tagged Hebrew made identifying the corresponding Hebrew words incredibly easy.
The Hebrew simply has the noun "the serpent" followed by the verb "deceived" with the direct object "me", which would seem to justify the typical translation of "The serpent deceived me." How then, I wondered, could the HCSB justify rendering this simple sentence as two sentences? Were the translators taking liberties with the text?
Then I remembered that in Hebrew, the subject typically follows the verb. In cases like this, where the subject comes before the verb, the subject is generally being emphasized in some way. So the HCSB is not taking liberties with the text, but is bringing out a subtle nuance of the Hebrew which typically gets lost in translation: Eve's emphatic pointing to the serpent as the one to blame.
Now, that naturally got me wondering where else the subject appears before the verb in the Hebrew Bible. In my next post, I'll show you how to use the Construct window to find other occurrences of that construction.


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Thinking about cancer or dealing with cancer risk can be scary or overwhelming, but we believe that receiving information and resources is comforting, empowering, and lifesaving.
Insurance companies are required to cover the costs for cancer treatment. However, health plans may vary on the amount of out-of-pocket costs and coverage for specific doctors, facilities or treatments. You have a right to know how much your treatment may cost you. Your doctor's office and treating hospital should work with your insurance company to help you plan for the cost of your care.
If your insurance company denies any services associated with your treatment and care, your health care team can help you appeal their decision. Visit our health insurance appeals page for additional information on insurance appeals.
Most hospitals have social workers or financial assistance counselors who can help explain your options and direct you to resources which provide assistance in paying for medical care. Some hospitals designated as Hill-Burton facilities receive money from the federal government. These hospitals must provide a certain amount of free or reduced-cost health services every year to those who cannot pay. Each facility may decide which type of free or reduced-cost care it will provide, and must publish this information in the newspaper, as well as provide a written notice to you upon request for Hill-Burton Assistance.
Updated 08/10/2015


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Simple Photonic Crystals
Photonic Crystal characteristics in an easy way
Version 1.0.2 - published on 13 Nov 2014
doi:10.4231/D32N4ZJ7Z cite this
This tool is closed source.
Published on
Simple 2D photonic crystals are composed of periodic dielectric structures in a two-dimensional world. Electromagnetic waves in 2D are decomposed into two categories: TE and TM. Maxwell's equations are thus eigenvalue equations solving for TE and TM modes. A set of eigenfrequencies exist for each wavevector k. The plot of frequencies v.s. wavevectors is so-called band diagram.
We explore a set of rods arranged either in square or triangular lattice. The left part of the picture shows solid rods of square lattice in air background, while the right shows air rods of triangular lattice in solid background. The lattice constants are used as length units. We solve the band diagrams for both TE and TM modes. Try it out solving band diagrams for yourselves.
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This climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of the true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions. It is transitional to the tropical wet-dry climate on the equatorward side and to the mediterranean climate on its poleward margin, with a cooler, wetter winter resulting from the higher latitude and mid-latitude frontal cyclone activity. Annual precipitation totals are greater than in tropical and subtropical desert climates. Yearly variations in amount are not as extreme as in the true deserts but are nevertheless large.
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk". (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).
The average temperature for the year in Long Beach - Downtown is 65.3°F (18.5°C). The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of 75.1°F (23.9°C). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 57.0°F (13.9°C).
The highest recorded temperature in Long Beach - Downtown is 90.5°F (32.5°C), which was recorded in August. The lowest recorded temperature in Long Beach - Downtown is 41.8°F (5.4°C), which was recorded in December.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Long Beach - Downtown is 12.9" (327.7 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is January with 3.0" (76.2 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of 0.0" (0 mm). There are an average of 36.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in January with 6.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in July with 0.0 days.


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RIYADH, Saudi Arabia — The Obama administration is considering allowing shipments of new air defense systems to Syrian rebels, reversing its earlier opposition to introducing the weaponry into the conflict, a U.S. official said.
President Barack Obama's possible shift would likely be welcomed by Saudi Arabia, which has been pressing the White House to allow the man-portable air-defense systems, known as "manpads," into Syria. Obama arrived in Saudi Arabia on Friday evening for meetings with King Abdullah.
Allowing manpads to be delivered to Syrian rebels would mark a shift in strategy for the U.S., which until this point has limited its lethal assistance to small weapons and ammunition, as well as humanitarian aid. The U.S. has been grappling for ways to boost the rebels, who have lost ground in recent months, allowing Syrian President Bashar Assad to regain a tighter grip on the war-torn nation.
The actual manpad shipments could come from the Saudis, who have so far held off sending in the equipment because of U.S. opposition.
The president is not expected to announce a final decision on the matter during his overnight trip to the Gulf kingdom. U.S. and Saudi intelligence officials have been discussing the possibility of injecting manpads into the crisis for some time, including during a meeting in Washington earlier this year.
As recently as February, the administration insisted Obama remained opposed to any shipments of Manpads to the Syrian opposition. The U.S. has been concerned that the weaponry could fall into the wrong hands and possibly be used to shoot down a commercial airliner.
Among the reasons for Obama's shift in thinking is the greater understanding the U.S. now has about the composition of the Syrian rebels, the official said. However, the official added, the president continues to have concerns about escalating the fire power on the ground in Syria, which has been torn apart by more than three years of civil war.
The official wasn't authorized to discuss the internal deliberations by name and insisted on anonymity.


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ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Chen, Kangping
- Frakes, David
- Arizona State University
- Devasenathipathy, Shankar
- 1 Adrian, Ronald
- 1 Klein, Steven Adam
- 1 Posner, Jonathan D
- 1 English
- 1 Public
- three component
- 1 Mechanical Engineering
- 1 Optics
- 1 Physics
- 1 microfluidics
- 1 particle image velocimetry
- 1 particle tracking velocimetry
- 1 super resolution
- more
- 1 three dimensional
- Reverse Fountain Cytoplasmic Streaming in Rhizopus Oryzae
- Diné Research Practices and Protocols: An Intersectional Paradigm Incorporating Indigenous Feminism, Critical Indigenous Research Methodologies and Diné Knowledge Systems
- Developing an Augmented Reality Solution for Mapping Underground Infrastructure
- Characterization of 2D Human Ankle Stiffness during Postural Balance and Walking for Robot-aided Ankle Rehabilitation
- Using Molecular, Cellular and Bioengineering Approaches Towards Understanding Muscle Stem Cell Biology
Microfluidics is the study of fluid flow at very small scales (micro -- one millionth of a meter) and is prevalent in many areas of science and engineering. Typical applications include lab-on-a-chip devices, microfluidic fuel cells, and DNA separation technologies. Many of these microfluidic devices rely on micron-resolution velocimetry measurements to improve microchannel design and characterize existing devices. Methods such as micro particle imaging velocimetry (microPIV) and micro particle tracking velocimetry (microPTV) are mature and established methods for characterization of steady 2D flow fields. Increasingly complex microdevices require techniques that measure unsteady and/or three dimensional velocity fields. This dissertation presents …
- Contributors
- Klein, Steven Adam, Posner, Jonathan D, Adrian, Ronald, et al.
- Created Date
- 2011


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2013 Featured Stories
In 2013, San José State University honored 317 President's Scholars and 3,197 Dean's Scholars. The students below were nominated by faculty members and are wonderful examples of our "best and brightest" students. Congratulations to ALL 3,514 honorees! We are exceptionally proud of you!
|Julie Berkovatz
|Michael Grace
|Brian Castellano
|Sol Jobrack
|Eric Enberg
|Lacy Karo
|Erin Enguero
|Lizzie Orr
|Joy Franco
|Sarah Rogers


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The San Diego Zoo's famous giant panda mom, Bai Yun, celebrated her 22nd birthday on Saturday by indulging in a big, colorful cake alongside her family.
Bai Yun's birthday party began at 8:45 a.m. when zookeepers presented her with the fancy cake made of ice, bamboo, fruit and other panda-friendly treats.
It was a cake truly fit for a furry queen.
U.S. & World
Zoo officials say the ice cake took an entire month to create with the help of many staffers. It was five feet tall and weighed 215-pounds (see photo below).
As soon as Bai Yun saw the cake, she walked over and began licking the ice and eating the bamboo. She shared the cool treat with her cubs, who climbed all over the cake and happily ate their share.
The zoo's panda exhibit opens to the public at 9 a.m., so visitors were able to catch a glimpse of the birthday girl enjoying her special treat.
And she certainly didn't mind eating in front of company.
Bai Yun, whose name means "white cloud," was born on September 7, 1991, at the Wolong Giant Panda Research Center in China. Her birth was the first-ever successful birth of a giant panda at the facility.
According to the zoo's website, Bai Yun moved to the San Diego Zoo on September 10, 1996, where she has been living ever since.
Over the years, Bai Yun has given birth to six cubs at the San Diego Zoo: Hue Mei; Mei Sheng; Su Lin; Zhen Zhen; Yun Zi; and Xiao Liwu, who celebrated his 1st birthday this past July.
Zookeepers describe the panda mom as curious, unpredictable and mischievous. Her interests include caring for her children, climbing things and anything scented with cloves, pine or men's cologne.


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