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The ultimate makeover: Chicken pie
Angela Nilsen reinvents a classic recipe to make chicken pie a healthy choice for you
Nutrition and extra info
- Healthy
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal320
- fat10g
- saturates4g
- carbs22g
- sugars7g
- fibre3g
- protein34g
- salt1.37g
For the filling
- 450ml chicken stock, from a cube (I use Kallo, organic)
- 100ml white wine
- 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped
- 3 thyme sprigs
This popular herb grows in Europe, especially the Mediterranean, and is a member of the mint…
- 1 tarragon sprig, plus 1 tbsp chopped tarragon leaves
A popular and versatile herb, tarragon has an intense flavour that's a unique mix of sweet…
- 225g carrots, cut into batons
The carrot, with its distinctive bright orange colour, is one of the most versatile root…
- 4 skinless chicken breasts, 500g/1lb 2oz total weight
- 225g leeks, sliced
Like garlic and onion, leeks are a member of the allium family, but have their own distinct…
- 2 tbsp cornflour, mixed with 2 tbsp water
- 3 tbsp crème fraîche
- 1 heaped tsp Dijon mustard
- 1 heaped tbsp chopped flat-leaf or curly parsley
One of the most ubiquitous herbs in British cookery, parsley is also popular in European and…
For the topping
- 70g filo pastry (I used three 39 x 30cm sheets)
- 1 tbsp rapeseed oil
Rapeseed oil
If you want a light alternative to other cooking oils, rapeseed is a great choice and has…
Pour the stock and wine into a large, wide frying pan. Add the garlic, thyme, tarragon sprig and carrots, bring to the boil then lower the heat and simmer for 3 mins. Lay the chicken in the stock, grind over some pepper, cover and simmer for 5 mins. Scatter the leek slices over the chicken, cover again then gently simmer for 10 more mins, so the leeks can steam while the chicken cooks. Remove from the heat and let the chicken sit in the stock for about 15 mins, so it keeps moist while cooling slightly.
Strain the stock into a jug – you should have 500ml (if not, make up with water). Tip the chicken and veg into a 1.5 litre pie dish and discard the herb sprigs. Pour the stock back into the sauté pan, then slowly pour in the cornflour mix. Return the pan to the heat and bring to the boil, stirring constantly, until thickened. Remove from the heat and stir in the crème fraîche, mustard, chopped tarragon and parsley. Season with pepper. Heat oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6.
Tear or cut the chicken into chunky shreds. Pour the sauce over the chicken mixture, then stir everything together.
Cut each sheet of filo into 4 squares or rectangles. Layer them on top of the filling, brushing each sheet with some of the oil as you go. Lightly scrunch up the filo so it doesn't lie completely flat and tuck the edges into the sides of the dish, or lay them on the edges if the dish has a rim. Grind over a little pepper, place the dish on a baking sheet, then bake for 20-25 mins until the pastry is golden and the sauce is bubbling. Serve immediately.
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Healthier beef wellington
The ultimate makeover: Salmon en croûte


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HOME > Reality TV People News - May 2005
Reality TV People News - May 2005
'Simple Life' star Paris Hilton gets engaged to shipping heir Paris LatsisMay 31, 2005
Actress and hotel heiress Paris Hilton has accepted a marriage proposal from her boyfriend of five months, Greek shipping heir Paris Latsis.
Bravo's 'Being Bobby Brown' to feature Whitney Houston's rehabMay 25, 2005
Bobby Brown says his wife, Whitney Houston, has finished her second stint in rehab and is ready to record a new album.
'Newlyweds' Jessica Simpson lashes out at retracted divorce reportMay 25, 2005
Singer Jessica Simpson has lashed out against media spreading rumors that her marriage to "Newlyweds" co-star Nick Lachey is on the rocks.
'Osbournes' star Sharon Osbourne douses prankster cameramanMay 25, 2005
The first lady of heavy metal, Sharon Osbourne, dumped a bucket of water on a London cameraman who sprayed her with a squirt gun that looked like a microphone.
Risqué Paris Hilton TV commercial sponsor tells critics to "get a life"May 25, 2005
A Carl's Jr. executive told the Parents Television Council to "get a life" in response to complaints about Paris Hilton's sexy Spicy Burger commercial.
Media group condemns Paris Hilton's commercial as "soft-core porn"May 24, 2005
A media watchdog group says a California TV ad for a hamburger chain featuring a scantily clad and soaked Paris Hilton is "soft-core porn."
Fantasia Barrino rooting for Bo Bice to be 'American Idol's next winnerMay 24, 2005
Reigning "American Idol" champion Fantasia Barrino says Alabama rocker Bo Bice is her favorite to become the next winner of the Fox reality TV talent contest.
'Apprentice' star Donald Trump sues New York golf course contractorMay 24, 2005
Donald Trump testified he paid a contractor more than $3 million for work that was only half-done on his Briarcliff Manor, N.Y., golf course.
'Apprentice 3' runner-up Tana Goertz: "It was all bull****"May 23, 2005
When she was still fighting for a chance to be Donald Trump's newest employee during Thursday's live The Apprentice 3 finale, finalist Tana Goertz claimed to have learned a lesson from her unprofessional badmouthing of the eliminated contestants who had helped her execute her final task. However, based on the 37-year-old Iowa resident's behavior in the 24-hour period that followed her Trump firing, it would appear as though whatever lesson Tana learned, it had little to do with recognizing the inappropriateness of such behavior.
'Bachelorette' winner Ryan Sutter invited to NFL rookie minicampMay 23, 2005
The New Orleans Saints invited Ryan Sutter, who gained fame in 2003 by marrying Trista Rehn in ABC's "The Bachelorette," to try out for the NFL team.
Two members of Bobby Brown's entourage stabbed in fightMay 23, 2005
Two members of singer Bobby Brown's entourage were stabbed in a brawl outside an Atlanta restaurant early Monday.
Rejected 'The Bachelor 7' bachelorette Krisily Kennedy: "I kind of expected it"May 21, 2005
If The Bachelor 7 bachelorette finalist Krisily Kennedy appeared to remain a little too composed in the minutes following her rejection by Charlie O'Connell on Monday's live The Final Rose finale, there's a good reason -- she had suspected the move was coming.
'American Idol 3' winner Fantasia Barrino to perform at charity benefitMay 21, 2005
"American Idol" winner Fantasia Barrino will perform at a benefit for the Clothes Off Our Back Foundation in Los Angeles.
Angie Everhart and Erika Eleniak star in TBS' 'Real Gilligan's Island 2'May 20, 2005
Model Angie Everhart and actress Erika Eleniak will be the new Gingers on "The Real Gilligan's Island," the TBS network announced.
'The Amazing Race 7' runner-up Rob Mariano continues to fuel final flight conspiracy rumorsMay 20, 2005
More than a week has passed since the broadcast of CBS's The Amazing Race 7 finale, however thanks to the ongoing efforts of bitter runner-up Rob Mariano, a small cloud of doubt continues to linger around winning couple Uchenna and Joyce Agu's victory.
Paris Hilton cell phone hacker conned his way into networkMay 19, 2005
The hackers who acquired nude photos of Paris Hilton from her cell phone used "social engineering" instead of technical wizardry, the Washington Post reports.
'Simple Life' star Paris Hilton strikes deal for pet chihuahua toysMay 18, 2005
Paris Hilton's pet chihuahua Tinkerbell has become the heiress' latest moneymaker, with a new deal struck for Gund to manufacture plush replicas.
NYC firefighter Tom Westman wins CBS's 'Survivor: Palau'May 16, 2005
A 41-year-old New York City firefighter is the latest winner of the top $1 million prize in the CBS "Survivor: Palau" reality TV series.
'American Idol' finalist Vonzell Solomon got "caught up in the moment"May 13, 2005
"American Idol" finalist Vonzell Solomon's teary outburst was described Friday as a case of being "caught up in the moment."
Original 'Apprentice' winner Bill Rancic to publish children's bookMay 13, 2005
The first winner of TV's "The Apprentice," Bill Rancic, is writing a book to give kids the same business guidance he got from Donald Trump.
'Simple Life' star Paris Hilton says she's fed up with the paparazziMay 12, 2005
"House of Wax" star Paris Hilton says she is thrilled with her life, but wishes the paparazzi that camp outside her house would take a hike.
'Project Runway' hostess Heidi Klum marries singer Seal in MexicoMay 11, 2005
Pregnant supermodel Heidi Klum has married singer Seal in a secret Mexico ceremony attended by about 60 friends and relatives.
Future 'Apprentice' star Martha Stewart attends shareholder meetingMay 11, 2005
Martha Stewart got warm applause at her New York company's first annual meeting since her release from prison in March.
Report: Nicole Richie may yet be part of Fox's next 'The Simple Life'May 10, 2005
The Fox network may retain Nicole Richie in its hit U.S. show, "The Simple Life," despite co-star Paris Hilton's repeated comments that Richie is gone.
Former 'Apprentice' contestant Ereka Vetrini gets engagedMay 9, 2005
The Tony Danza Show has announced that former The Apprentice contestant Ereka Vetrini got engaged to Randy Burkholder, her longtime boyfriend, over the weekend.
'American Idol' judge Paula Abdul appears on 'Saturday Night Live'May 8, 2005
"American Idol" judge Paula Abdul made a cameo appearance on NBC's "Saturday Night Live," introducing the opening skit and judging the performances.
'Newlyweds' star Jessica Simpson denies Fred Durst rumorsMay 6, 2005
"Newlyweds" TV star and pop diva Jessica Simpson says a report of an alleged dalliance with Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst is "absolutely untrue."
'Osbournes' star Kelly Osbourne blames drug habit on bad genesMay 6, 2005
Wild child Kelly Osbourne says she and brother Jack can thank their rock 'n' roll parents' genes for their drug problems.
'Osbournes' star Ozzy Osbourne suffering from Parkin SyndromeMay 6, 2005
British rocker Ozzy Osbourne says he's relieved his debilitating body tremors are from a genetic syndrome -- not his lifetime of drug abuse.
'Idol 2' runner-up Clay Aiken doubts Corey Clark's allegationsMay 5, 2005
Clay Aiken, the singer who rose to fame on "American Idol," told CBS News he does not believe that fellow contestant Corey Clark had an affair with Paula Abdul.
'Apprentice 3' finalist Tana Goertz hopes to be first female winnerMay 5, 2005
The number of contenders in NBC's "The Apprentice" show is down to three and one is an Iowa housewife whose possible triumph would be the first by a woman.
Upcoming 'Being Bobby Brown' star back in court over child supportMay 5, 2005
In the latest court appearance, singer Bobby Brown has been firmly reminded by a Massachusetts judge of a commitment to his two oldest children.
'American Idol 2' finalist Carmen Rasmusen defends Paula AbdulMay 3, 2005
Speculation about a reported ABC News expose' of "American Idol" judge Paula Abdul has led a former contestant to come to her defense.
Simon Cowell's Il Divo group debuts fourth on Billboard's 200 chartMay 1, 2005
Fox's "American Idol" judge Simon Cowell's opera pop group Il Divo has achieved the highest U.S. chart entry for a debut album from a British-signed act.
Upcoming 'Apprentice' star Martha Stewart credits prison for better skinMay 1, 2005
Martha Stewart told People magazine her skin got better while she served her five-month sentence at a federal prison in Alderson, W.Va.

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Stillman & Birn™ Alpha Series Sketchbook Display Rack
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Michael Garvin is Lead Security Advisory Analyst at Symantec and Bryan Gillson is Senior Director of Product Marketing at Symantec.
As the data-breach threat landscape has evolved and attacks have become commoditized, companies have had to shift and evolve their security programs to protect against potentially damaging and expensive breaches. To help companies continue to protect themselves from myriad threats, the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Security Standards Council has evolved its security guidelines to enhance their clarity for companies that process cardholder data.
The PCI Security Standards Council is an open global forum, launched in 2006, that is responsible for the development, management, education, and awareness of the PCI Security Standards.
New PCI 2.0 Guidelines
PCI data security standards govern how businesses must protect cardholder data on their networks. According to a report by Verizon Business, compliance with PCI reduces a merchant's likelihood of suffering a data breach by 50 percent [1]. However, the report also found that only 22 percent of card-accepting merchants are PCI-compliant the first time they are audited.
New PCI 2.0 regulations were released on October 28, 2010, with the goal of further decreasing cyberattacks aimed at stealing massive amounts of payment card data. The PCI Security Standards Council developed the changes based on feedback they have received from companies and stakeholders in recent years.
Encryption is an important component of the data security standards because it is often viewed as a critical element of a company's security program. Previously, regulations three and four of the PCI 1.0 data security standards addressed encryption. Regulation three required companies to define the elements they should be protecting and how they should be operating their program to ultimately protect cardholder data. Companies surveyed for the Verizon report said that this was one of three most difficult regulations to meet. Regulation four required companies to encrypt the transmission of cardholder data across open, public networks (e.g. email, instant messenger, etc).
Changes to Encryption Guidelines
In the new PCI 2.0 revisions, the PCI Security Standards Council made two changes to the existing regulations regarding encryption. The first change requires companies to focus on protecting cardholder primary account numbers (PANs). The rules around PANs were much looser in the past, but now the council is stating that the PAN is the one piece of information that must be protected. In addition to many other methods for protecting it, encryption is seen as a major approach.
The second change involves the frequency with which companies are required to change encryption keys. Companies were previously required to change encryption keys "at least annually." In version 2.0, the council will say that this rule varies depending on the strength of the encryption. For example, if companies have a large key size, they may be able to change their keys less frequently than on an annual basis.
Encryption and State Data Breach Notification Laws
In addition to changes in the PCI 2.0 regulations, companies also have to comply with applicable state data breach notification laws, increasing the focus on data protection for any company that processes cardholder data and that operates or does business in more than one state. Current PCI regulations require companies to notify customers of a data breach regardless of whether the data was encrypted or not. Other states make allowances if data was encrypted, but some states do not require companies to disclose a breach at all if the data was encrypted. PCI fits into the state laws from the point of view that protecting information at its core is a good business practice.
As it stands today, 44 states in the U.S. have their own independent data-breach laws. Nevada and Minnesota have specifically adopted PCI as their standard for payment card information, while other states take a more ad hoc approach to data protection laws and data breach notification requirements. Alabama, Kentucky, New Mexico, and South Dakota do not have data breach notification laws. Additionally, some states set a minimum for the number of records compromised before a company has to disclose a breach, while others have strict regulations about protecting data and disclosing a breach.
PCI is a compliance standard, not a legal regulation; however, every company that accepts credit card data must comply with PCI regulations. Depending on where a company operates, it may also have to comply with state or county laws that supersede PCI.
The Case for Strong Encryption
With new PCI regulations and state laws regarding data protection and data breach notification changing every month, companies can improve their security posture by seeking higher levels of encryption to enhance the protection of sensitive cardholder data.
Beyond complying with PCI and state regulations, companies that seek stronger levels of encryption can prove to auditors and state officials that the company was making a good faith effort to protect data. This is because encryption is always viewed as a risk reduction mechanism. Companies that take the steps to encrypt data may avoid some of the penalties of a data breach, depending on by which laws they must abide.
In addition, increasing encryption strength can help companies drive down costs. When companies were required under PCI to change encryption keys every year, the labor required to comply was costly and time consuming. Under the new PCI 2.0 standards, companies that move to higher levels of encryption can reduce these costs.
Implementing encryption as part of a holistic enterprise security plan can aid companies in protecting sensitive cardholder data while at the same time helping companies meet the new PCI 2.0 regulations. Obtaining stronger encryption will only further improve a company's ability to continue conducting business while navigating the regulations and laws governing the security of customer information.
Verizon Payment Card Industry Compliance Report, Verizon Business, Oct. 5, 2010.


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The 'backup' gem needs a HOME
November 15, 2011
The backup gem contains a bug that causes it to crash when the HOME environment variable is not set. Notably, this is the case when jobs are started by 'god'.
I have patched this and will soon send a pull request to the authors of the gem.
Read on to get a few hints on how to track down issues like this one.
The story of a painful bug hunt
0. Background
On several projects I'm using god to start and monitor daemon processes, especially resque workers. On one particular project, this just stopped working recently and as a workaround I had to start the resque workers manually under tmux.
Today I finally took the time to figure out what was going on.
1. Symptoms
In my god.conf I have a 'resque' watch configured which starts five workers. Here is the relevant snippet from god.conf:
num_workers = rails_env == 'production' ? 5 : 2 num_workers.times do |num| God.watch do |w| w.name = "resque-#{num}" w.group = 'resque' w.interval = 60.seconds w.env = {"QUEUE"=>"*", "RAILS_ENV"=>rails_env} w.start = "bundle exec bootup_rake -f #{rails_root}/Rakefile environment resque:work" w.dir = "#{rails_root}" ...
When doing a "god start resque", god tries to start up the workers but they crash almost immediately. If I do "ps aux | grep resque" within a few seconds I see the processes but then they just disappear.
2. What is god saying?
Finding the scroll that collects the utterings of god is easy:
However, it quicly becomes apparent that god has nothing interesting to say:
I [2011-11-15 16:24:57] INFO: Using pid file directory: /var/run/god I [2011-11-15 16:30:55] INFO: Syslog enabled. I [2011-11-15 16:30:55] INFO: Using pid file directory: /var/run/god I [2011-11-15 16:39:30] INFO: Syslog enabled. I [2011-11-15 16:39:30] INFO: Using pid file directory: /var/run/god ...
A bit of googling suggests that I try to run god in the foreground to see what is going on.
3. Non-daemonized god
So let's see how god is being invoked:
root@foo:~# ps aux | grep god root 27956 4.5 0.2 179304 19132 pts/1 Sl 10:12 \ 0:00 /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/ruby \ /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/god -P /var/run/god.pid -l /var/log/god.log
We need to make a few tweaks:
- don't send output to a log file (remove -l)
- load the config file with -c <config>
- keep it in the foreground with -D
So our command becomes:
root@foo:~# /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/ruby \ /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/god \ -P /var/run/god.pid -c /etc/god.conf -D
This yields slightly more interesting output. Here are the lines for the worker 'resque-1':
I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 move 'unmonitored' to 'init' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 moved 'unmonitored' to 'init' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 [trigger] process is not running (ProcessRunning) I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 move 'init' to 'start' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 start: bundle exec bootup_rake \ -f /var/www/foo/current/Rakefile environment resque:work I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 moved 'init' to 'start' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 [trigger] process is running (ProcessRunning) I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 move 'start' to 'up' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 moved 'start' to 'up' I [2011-11-16 10:17:13] INFO: resque-1 [ok] memory within bounds [8952kb] (MemoryUsage) I [2011-11-16 10:17:14] INFO: resque-1 [ok] process is running (ProcessRunning)
OK, maybe that's not so interesting after all. God starts the process and is satisfied with that.
What IS interesting is the fact that this actually works! The resque workers keep running and start processing jobs.
So when I start god non-daemonized, it works. When god is started with 'service god start', it does not.
I need a way to see the log output from god when it is running in daemonized mode. This turns out to be as simple as:
god log resque
By default this gives me the output from the first worker in the group. I won't repeat it here, but it is exactly the same as when running god in the foreground.
It seems to be safe to assume that god is behaving the same way whether started by me or via /etc/init.d/god. To be sure I also tried starting it by executing the exact two lines from this file. Same result.
5. Inspecting the environment
I have suspected for a while that this issue has to do with the environment in which the rake command is being run. This seems to be the only major source of difference between the working and the non-working experiments.
So I need to know the environment in which the failing rake invocations are being run. I know that for all running processes, the environment is available in the file /proc/<pid>/environ. But how can I get to this file when the process dies within seconds?
My solution is to run the following command immediately after god tries to start the workers:
less -f /proc/`ps aux | grep resque | head -1 | cut -d ' ' -f 4`/environ
What this does is
- ps aux | grep resque finds the process info for the about-to-die resque workers
- head -1 grabs the first one
- cut -d ' ' -f 4 cuts out the PID (fourth field when using a space as the delimiter)
- This PID is then used as part of the path passed to the outer less command
The environ file is in some kind of binary format (which is why I need -f on the less command) the details of which I haven't bothered to look up.
I don't really need to, because after running the above command I see this in my iTerm:
GEM_HOME=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290^@TERM=xterm^@IRBRC=/usr/local/rvm/r\ ubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/.irbrc^@MY_RUBY_HOME=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290\ ^@QUEUE=*^@rvm_path=/usr/local/rvm^@PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin\ :/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@global/bin:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2\ -p290/bin:/usr/local/rvm/bin:/var/www/foo/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bin:/usr/loca\ l/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@global/bin:/u\ sr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin:/usr/local/rvm/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/\ local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games^@PWD=/var/www/foo/releases/20\ 111115153743^@LANG=en_US.UTF-8^@SHLVL=1^@BUNDLE_GEMFILE=/var/www/foo/releases/20\ 111115153743/Gemfile^@RAILS_ENV=production^@rvm_ruby_string=ruby-1.9.2-p290^@GEM\ _PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@gl\ obal^@RUBYOPT=-I/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/bundler-1.0.18/lib -rbu\ ndler/setup^@BUNDLE_BIN_PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/bundler-1.\ 0.18/bin/bundle^@RUBY_VERSION=ruby-1.9.2-p290^@
Notice that the variables are separated by some byte that less renders as "^@". Good!
6. Reproducing the bug
Off to Emacs to transform this into something useful. I won't bore you with the details, but a quick keyboard macro transforms the above into:
export GEM_HOME=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290 export TERM=xterm export IRBRC=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/.irbrc export MY_RUBY_HOME=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290 export QUEUE=* export rvm_path=/usr/local/rvm export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@global/bin:\ /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin:/usr/local/rvm/bin:/var/www/foo/shared export PWD=/var/www/foo/releases/20111115153743 export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 export SHLVL=1 export BUNDLE_GEMFILE=/var/www/foo/releases/20111115153743/Gemfile export RAILS_ENV=production export rvm_ruby_string=ruby-1.9.2-p290 export GEM_PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@global export RUBYOPT=-I/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/bundler-1.0.18/lib -rbundler/setup export BUNDLE_BIN_PATH=/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/bundler-1.0.18/bin/bundle export RUBY_VERSION=ruby-1.9.2-p2
Back on the server, I clear all existing environment vars with a snippet I found here:
unset $ ( /usr/bin/env | egrep '^(\w+)=(.*)$' | \ egrep -vw 'PWD|USER|LANG' | /usr/bin/cut -d= -f1);
Next, I paste all the exports above into iTerm and finally I am ready to try starting the worker again.
Voila!! It crashes:
rake aborted! can't convert nil into String /var/www/foo/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/backup-3.0.16/lib/backup.rb:40:in `join' /var/www/foo/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/backup-3.0.16/lib/backup.rb:40:in `<module:Backup>' /var/www/foo/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/backup-3.0.16/lib/backup.rb:8:in `<top (required)>' ...
Here are the lines around line 40 of backup.rb:
## # Backup's Environment paths PATH = File.join(ENV['HOME'], 'Backup') DATA_PATH = File.join(ENV['HOME'], 'Backup', 'data')
Ah, so the backup gem assumes that the HOME environment variable is set. If not, it crashes.
7. Done
Fortunately the source for "backup" is on Github, so I could easily fork the project and apply the very simple patch that was needed.
Scheduled jobs for your Rails app
November 10, 2011
If you need to run scheduled jobs in your Rails app (!= background jobs as in Resque), you should use the excellent whenever gem.
However, one detail that is really easy to miss is which shell environment the cron job actually runs under.
bundle: command not found
And an easy way to confuse yourself even further is by trying to debug issues in this area by:
- Logging into your server as the deployment user
- Doing
crontab -lto see which entries whenever installed
- Testing an entry by cut'n'pasting it to the shell prompt
On a project I work on, the staging and production machines are currently quite different. In production we use RVM (globally installed) while staging has rbenv locally installed for the deployment user.
So in staging I need to assume that no binaries are available and use the full path to bundler, in my case
(I know, symlinking this to eg.
/usr/local/bin/bundle would probably be more elegant, but I actually like the reminder of where my ruby is actually installed. I don't spend much time on the servers, so I tend to forget.)
Running stuff only on certain stages
EDIT: See Markham's comment for a better way to do achieve the same result.
Another issue I struggled with for a while is how to schedule jobs only in production. For example, I don't want to run S3 backups from staging.
I use
capistrano/multistage, so I needed to inspect the value of the current "stage" from
schedule.rb. It turns out that by including this:
require 'capistrano/ext/multistage' set :whenever_environment, defer { stage } require "whenever/capistrano"
…the stage is available in schedule.rb as @environment. Very simple, but it took some googling to find.
Example schedule.rb
Below is my anonymized schedule.rb. It should be pretty self explanatory, post questions in the comments if not.
def production? @environment == 'production' end set :bundler, production? ? "gp_bundle" : "/home/passenger/.rbenv/versions/1.9.2-p290/bin/bundle" job_type :gp_rake, "cd :path && RAILS_ENV=:environment :bundler exec rake :task --silent :output" job_type :gp_runner, "cd :path && :bundler exec rails runner -e :environment ':task' :output" job_type :gp_bundle_exec, "cd :path && RAILS_ENV=:environment :bundler exec :task" every 5.minutes do gp_rake "thinking_sphinx:index" end every 30.minutes do gp_runner "FooBar.update" end every 1.day, :at => "4:00am" do gp_runner "Baz.purge_inactive" end if production? every 1.day, :at => "4:00am" do gp_bundle_exec 'backup perform --trigger my_backup --config-file config/backup.rb --log-path log' end end
EDIT: Jakob Skjerning posted this snippet in the comments:
job_type :rake, "cd /var/www/appname/#{environment}/current && /home/appname/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2010.02@appname-#{environment}/bin/bundle exec /home/appname/.rvm/wrappers/ree-1.8.7-2010.02@appname-#{environment}/rake –silent RAILS_ENV=#{environment} :task :output"


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This week is the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep Awareness Week to provide education and to promote the importance of sleep. I will dedicate my posts this week to sleep in babies through teens. I have attended sleep workshops, panel discussions, I've read stacks of books on the topic and I regularly consult with families to identify strategies to improve sleep for the whole family.
Sleep is like the coveted Holy Grail of new parenthood. I'm often asked about sleep tips for and babies and toddlers and how to improve or lengthen sleep times.
Whatever your family chooses for sleeping arrangements is a personal choice, but it tends to be a hot-button issue. I work in many families' homes and what works for one family, doesn't work for another, what one family values another family shuns. Sleep is no exception.
If whatever you're doing is not a problem for you, it's not a problem. However, if something is disturbing parents or children getting solid, beneficial sleep, if sleep deprivation is creeping in through small, but regular incremental sleep deficits, perhaps it's become a problem.
Sleep has so many benefits, both obvious and subtle, it's worth creating and protecting healthy sleep habits for the whole family. Understanding a little bit about sleep can be useful in making sleep decisions for your family. Babies go into deep sleep state in the beginning of nighttime sleep (perhaps 7 – 10:00 pm) and then again before waking in the morning with more frequent periods of lighter sleep (and more chance for awakenings) in between (around 10 pm – 4 am).
By three-four months most healthy full-term babies are able to sleep through the night, perhaps with a single 2:00 am feeding, by six months all healthy babies can do it. Studies have shown that at four months, a baby's nervous system is mature enough to allow him to be able to sleep at 12 hour stretch. Unlike other milestones, sleep is not fixed, there may be shifts with time change, illness, travel and as babies go through new stages and become toddlers.


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Anne Hathaway has some hot plans for Valentine's Day this coming Sunday.
And on Monday night's red carpet for the premiere for her movie of the same name, Anne, in a gorgeous blue Marchesa feathered mini-dress, told Access Hollywood's Shaun Robinson about how she will be spending Cupid's big day.
"I think I'm just going to go home and cook and cook and cook and cook and that will be nice," Anne revealed.
The beautiful brunette, who is reportedly dating actor Adam Shulman, revealed she even has a signature dish.
"I do make a mean chicken pot pie so maybe I'll bust that out," she smiled.
However, before she can heat up the kitchen, the actress will be sharing in the love of some friends.
"I'm going to a wedding," Anne told Shaun of her early February 14 plans. "I'm going to my friends' wedding… which I think is going to be pretty romantic."
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Anne Hathaway
PLAY IT NOW: Anne Hathaway: 'I'm Going To A Wedding' For 'Valentine's Day'
PLAY IT NOW: Jennifer Garner: 'Valentine's Day' Is A 'Fun Movie'
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Anne Hathaway - 'Valentine's Day' - Movies - Celebrities


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Our new Travel Tip Video (below) about 'Driving in Costa Rica' has caused quite the STIR with both potential tourists and resident Tico's alike. Who woulda thought?
We made the video for ONE reason- to INFORM people of the possible driving conditions they may encounter if they decide to rent a car to travel Costa Rica. We think it's important to KNOW what you're getting yourself into. That said, it was NOT meant to SCARE anyone away from driving. Personally, we think driving is the BEST option of getting around Costa Rica. But it's not for the faint of heart and the decision to drive or not should not be taken lightly. Here are some other options.
I can't tell you how many emails we've gotten from people planning a trip to Costa Rica saying they would no longer consider driving after watching the video. I suppose the video does seem to imply that DANGER lurks around every corner, and in a WAY, that's TRUE, at least the potential for danger.....but COME ON! Really, it's the potential for DANGER that makes driving here so exhilarating and adventurous (along with the spectacular scenery of course). I guess you have to be a TYPE A personality to understand this.
It's much easier to understand why resident Tico's were ready to STRING ME UP for this particular video. First, they think the video is too negative and shows their country in a bad light; exposing a skeleton of sorts. Tico's love to maintain their illusions (yeah, they don't cut down trees anymore either). In their minds, the video is enough to STOP people from visiting......AS IF. Second, in the video I call Ticos some of the worst drivers on the PLANET. Right now they're outside my apartment searching for a suitable tree. But, I stand by that comment, because it also happens to be TRUE; they really are a scary LOT when they get behind the wheel. You can go here to read my TAKE on Tico drivers.
Here's the video in question. All the video really says is be AWARE and be CAREFUL.
But if you see me hanging from a tree, you'll understand.
Tons of Videos on Costa Rica at the Costa Rica Travel Channel and if you're planning on Living or Traveling to Costa Rica, then check out Travel Costa Rica NOW for all your INFORMATION. And see ALL our Costa Rica Travel Tip Videos on YouTube. ENjOY!
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Driving Costa Rica- Death AROUND every CORNER!
2 comments:
- Raven said...
You guys are right on! Keep telling it like it is. I've been driving here for 8 years, and everything in that video is absolutely true, include the fact that Ticos ARE terrible drivers!
- February 12, 2009 at 8:49 AM
- Unknown said...
You know it's funny, so many Costa Rican websites and blogs, different opinions, different views,,,,,but THEY ALL seem to agree on this one point: Tico drivers are some of the worst drivers around...thanx for taking the time to comment Raven.
- February 12, 2009 at 8:59 AM
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- Magnoliidae
▪ plant subclassIntroductionsubclass of woody or herbaceous flowering plants belonging to the class Magnoliopsida.Members of the Magnoliidae are dicotyledonous plants that retain some primitive anatomic and morphological characteristics and are not closely related to more advanced groups of flowering plants. Although the subclass contains the most primitive families of flowering plants, no plant in this group is considered to be the most primitive angiosperm because none is most primitive in all its features. The fossil record suggests that the primitive woody Magnoliidae shared characteristics from which all other flowering plants evolved. Magnoliidae also contain the most primitive herbaceous angiosperms—the water lilies ( Nymphaeales) and buttercups and their relatives ( Ranunculales).There are 8 orders, 39 families, and approximately 12,000 species within the subclass Magnoliidae. The orders, arranged more or less from the most primitive to the most advanced, are Magnoliales, Laurales, Piperales, Aristolochiales, Illiciales, Nymphaeales, Ranunculales, and Papaverales. Such a linear sequence of orders does not imply, however, that one order has necessarily evolved from certain members of the preceding one. For example, although it is commonly considered that the Papaverales have been derived from the Ranunculales, it is also thought that the Laurales, Piperales, and Nymphaeales evolved independently from different members of the Magnoliales. The largest orders, the Magnoliales, Laurales, and Ranunculales, together contain more than two-thirds of the species in the subclass.General featuresDiversity of structureThe Magnoliidae illustrate much of the diversity that characterizes the dicotyledonous plants as a whole. Evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs are found in the Magnoliidae, as are perennial herbs and a few annual herbs. Trees, shrubs, and vines are characteristic of Magnoliales, Laurales, Illiciales, and Ranunculales; the latter also contains herbs. Aristolochiales contains only woody vines; Nymphaeales, only aquatic herbs; and Papaverales, only herbs and soft-wooded shrubs. Piperales contains trees, shrubs, and herbs.Most Magnoliidae have features of a relatively archaic nature: in the flowers, the usually unfused carpels are surrounded by either many petals or none at all; the numerous, sometimes leaf-shaped, stamens release two-celled pollen that often contain only a single aperture; the ovules are surrounded by two integuments; and the mature seeds usually contain a small embryo and usually copious endosperm. Biochemically, Magnoliidae are characterized by the presence of benzylisoquinoline or aporphine alkaloids, which are secondary metabolites with a defensive function and are rare in other groups. Only rarely do the Magnoliidae produce tanniferous substances, and betalains, iridoid compounds, or mustard oils are not evident. These different classes of defensive agents do, however, occur in some other groups.DistributionThe subclass Magnoliidae has members throughout the world, especially in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas. This is true of Annonaceae, Myristicaeae, and Magnoliaceae, three of the largest families in the order Magnoliales. A few species are found in Australia, New Guinea, and Fiji. Winteraceae (Magnoliales) is principally found in the southwestern Pacific, including New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Australia. A few species occur in Central and South America. Piperales and Aristolochiales occur almost exclusively in the tropical and temperate areas of the world, as does Laurales, which can be found in Australia and the subtropics as well. Some families of Nymphaeales are cosmopolitan, but many are generally found only in Asia. Ranunculales inhabits north temperate, tropical, and temperate areas, including South America and Southeast Asia. Papaverales thrives in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, South Africa, and Australia. Illiciales is predominant in Southeast Asia, the southeastern United States, and the Caribbean.Natural historyReproduction and life cyclesThe reproduction and life cycles of the more primitive extant members of the Magnoliidae reflect stages in the life histories of the early angiosperms that cannot be found in the fossil record. The more primitive families of the subclass also exhibit some of the basic, primitive features of the angiosperms as a whole.There are usually two pairs of microspore- (pollen- (pollen)) producing sacs in an immature, developing stamen, each divided by a partition to make four compartments. The stamens of the most primitive Magnoliidae have four pollen sacs, although some genera of a few families have only two pollen sacs as a derived condition. The tapetum, the nutritive layer of cells that lines the inner wall of the pollen sac, is of the secretory, or glandular, type in the Magnoliales and other primitive members of the Magnoliidae (see angiosperm: Reproductive structures (angiosperm)). The tapetal cells remain intact but become absorbed as they supply nutrients to the developing pollen grains. An amoeboid tapetum, on the other hand, breaks down early, and the contents of the cell (protoplasm) extrude between the young pollen grains, providing a more efficient way of nourishing them. This type of tapetum has been found in the Lauraceae (Laurales), where both types of tapetum occur, and in Ceratophyllaceae (Nymphaeales).In the more primitive angiosperms, and in all Magnoliidae, pollen grains are released in the two-celled condition (one tube cell, which expands to form the pollen tube at germination, and one generative cell, which divides to form two sperm cells); in advanced subclasses of flowering plants, they are released in a three-celled condition (one tube cell and two sperm cells), because sperm cells are formed before the pollen is released. An exception of sorts occurs in Laurelia (Monimiaceae) and Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of the Magnoliidae order Laurales; in some of these, pollen grains are two-celled; in others, they are three-celled; and in still others, the sperm cells are in the process of forming as the pollen is liberated.In the most primitive Magnoliidae, three of the four megaspores formed from the megakaryocyte (megaspore mother cell) degenerate. A female gametophyte of eight nuclei, including the ovum (egg), develops from the surviving megaspore (see angiosperm: Reproduction (angiosperm)). About 70 percent of angiosperms have this type of female gametophyte development. With few exceptions in the subclass, two integuments form the seed coat of the ovule. In some plants of more advanced subclasses, a single integument is found (e.g., Asteridae). The few exceptions in the subclass occur in some more advanced herbaceous genera of Nymphaeales, Ranunculales, and parasitic genera of Aristolochiales. The single-integument condition has evolved separately several times in flowering plants, and therefore families in which it occurs are not necessarily closely related.In Magnoliidae, the ovules (ovule) are inverted, so that the opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube enters (the micropyle) remains alongside the stalk (funiculus, or funicle) that attaches the ovule to the ovary. This contrasts with the gymnosperms and some advanced groups of angiosperms, where the ovule does not bend back upon itself, but rather remains erect, with the micropyle at one end and the funiculus at the other.The endosperm is a copious embryonic nutritive tissue that occupies much of the mature seed in more primitive angiospermous plants. It provides nourishment for the developing embryo and forms with the embryo during double fertilization, a reproductive process unique to angiosperms.The more primitive Magnoliidae have a cellular type of endosperm. In the nuclear type of endosperm, repeated nuclear divisions take place before cell wall formation. Nuclear endosperm occurs in the Myristicaceae (Magnoliales); Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Menispermaceae, and Coriariaceae (Ranunculales); and Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae (Papaverales). Both cellular and nuclear endosperm have been found among the Lauraceae (Laurales), Piperaceae (Piperales), and Nymphaeaceae (water lily) (Nymphaeales), lending support to the theory that one type has evolved from the other, and vice versa, many times.The seed (seed and fruit) of a primitive angiosperm, such as Winteraceae and Degeneriaceae (Magnoliales), contains a minute, relatively undifferentiated embryo, which occupies only a small part of the seed at maturity. Such plants are at a disadvantage. Because the embryos are so extremely small at the time that the seeds are shed, considerable time is lost while the embryo develops further—i.e., before the actual rupture of the seed coat occurs and a seedling can arise. Also in these primitive plants, the pattern of embryo development is rather irregular and inconsistent—e.g., in Degeneria vitiensis, Drimys winteri. In some of the more advanced Magnoliidae, as, for example, Cinnamomum of the Lauraceae (Laurales), the seeds contain large embryos and little or no endosperm. These angiosperms also have an established pattern of development from an early stage. This means that one can predict not only which cell or cells of a young embryo will be the next to divide, but also what their plane of division will be. In all but a few of the primitive Magnoliidae groups, embryo development has a set pattern and follows one or the other of the types described for flowering plants in general.It has been argued that the hypothetical primitive dicotyledonous plant had three or four, rather than two, cotyledons. One of the most primitive angiosperm orders, Magnoliales, has members in which the embryos contain three or four (very rarely two) cotyledons, such as Degeneria (Degeneriaceae). Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae) of the Laurales has three or four cotyledons as well. On the other hand, embryos in some of the more advanced angiosperms also contain more than two cotyledons—e.g., Pittosporaceae (Rosales; Rosidae), in which it seems certain that the polycotyledonous condition evolved from the dicotyledonous one, because the more primitive relatives of these plants have two cotyledons. Whether angiosperms first had three or four, rather than two, cotyledons remains uncertain.In the few primitive families of Magnoliales that have been investigated to this point (e.g., Winteraceae and Eupomatiaceae), the cotyledons emerge from the seed and are elevated above the surface (epigeal development), where they become green and capable of photosynthetic activity. In an alternate form of seed development, hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain inside the seed coat. This also occurs within the Magnoliidae, as in some Annonaceae (Magnoliales). There is an intermediate form of seed germination, as seen in some species of Peperomia (Piperaceae; Piperales), in which one cotyledon remains inside the seed and functions as an absorbing organ and the other becomes the first leaf of the seedling.In some angiosperms, the fruits (fruit) are dispersed whole with their included seeds; in others, the fruit opens to release the seeds. The most primitive angiosperm fruit is often said to be a follicle. This consists of a single carpel that opens along a ventral suture to release individual seeds. Although follicles are found in some primitive members of Magnoliidae, such as Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales), and occur in the early fossil history of flowering plants, many other types of fruit are seen in the subclass as well. Most Magnoliidae, however, have indehiscent fleshy fruits, predominantly berries, which are dispersed by birds.Ecology and habitatsThe Magnoliidae occupy a wide range of habitats and are found in most countries. They occur in most habitats where other flowering plants exist, except in salt water, where only a few specialized angiosperms can survive. The Magnoliidae include short, medium, and tall trees; shrubs, some in Alpine regions; scramblers, vines, and climbers—a few of which are root parasites; annual and perennial herbs; and rooted and free-floating freshwater plants. They occur in tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests from low to high altitudes; in shrub lands from sea level to Alpine regions; and on stream banks, grasslands, lakes, bogs, marshes, and mountain slopes. Some of the Papaveraceae thrive in deserts.Some of the more primitive angiosperms are considered to be rare and endangered species. One of the most vulnerable is Lactoris fernandeziana (Lactoridaceae), a family distantly related to other families of the order Magnoliales. The plant grows on a single island, Nearer Land Island of the Juan Fernández Islands, 650 kilometres west of Chile. A tiny shrub, Lactoris is sparsely distributed in fog-swept forests and grows under the shade of shrubs and ferns. The principal mechanisms of extinction may be grazing animals and competition from hardier plants.A relict genus may rely on a particular pollinator for its continued existence, the absence of which may mean the extinction of the dependent plant species. The Eupomatiaceae, another family quite isolated taxonomically from others, contains two species of Eupomatia, both of which occur in eastern Australia and one of which is also in New Guinea. Eupomatia species are pollinated by a single genus of beetles (Elleschodes); if the beetles become extinct, so probably will Eupomatia.Winteraceae is generally considered to be the most primitive group of the flowering plants and is found farther back in the fossil record than any other known family. Takhtajania is unusual in the family in apparently having a flower with an ovary consisting of two fused carpels with peripheral ovules. There have been conflicting views on its nature. Full details may never be known, for Takhtajania, which is confined to Madagascar, is known only from a pressed and dried specimen.The greatest number of species of Magnoliidae are native to tropical regions, and there probably remain many undescribed members of the subclass in that area. With the rapid clearing of tropical forest for agriculture, and with the populations of most tropical countries increasing steadily, many members of this group face extinction in the future.Form and functionVegetative structuresThe tracheid is the basic conducting element in the xylem of vascular plants. It is an elongated, water-conducting cell, dead at maturity and surrounded by a lignified secondary wall. The vessel-less tracheids of gymnosperms permit relatively slow water movement, making these plants vulnerable to wilting when water transpires from leaves faster than it can be replaced from the roots. Thus, the greatest limitation on gymnosperms has been not in geographic range but on the habitats they can occupy and on the life forms they can exhibit. (Gymnosperms, for example, are not annuals, and they have adapted small leaves and thick cuticles as protection from desiccation.) Angiosperms, on the other hand, have evolved a vessel system from the tracheids, which has enabled them to occupy the widest possible range of habitats (see angiosperm: Structure and function (angiosperm)). The two characteristic conducting structures of the angiosperm tracheary elements are vessel members and the tracheids. Vessel members resemble the tracheids but have perforations usually confined to the end walls of the cell (tracheids have pits, which are thinner parts of the wall but not perforations, along the length of the cell). Several vessel members are joined end-to-end to form vessels, providing more efficient water conduction. Vessels do occur in one small group of gymnosperms, the Gnetophyta. This does not, however, imply a relationship with angiosperms, for the vessels of these gymnosperms evolved from a different type of tracheid.Vessels have evolved only to the level of conductiveness required by a particular plant. Stages in their evolution are therefore preserved in extant plants, especially the primitive Magnoliidae. The most primitive vessel members, e.g., in Eupomatia (Eupomatiaceae), resemble the tracheids from which they evolved, being long and narrow with long, sloping end walls. The only difference is that, in vessel members, perforations replace the membranes inside the many bordered pits, forming scalariform vessels with which to expedite the movement of water through the vessel member.Fewer than 200 species of angiosperms have the primitive feature of vesselless wood. With two exceptions, all vesselless angiosperms occur in the Magnoliidae. The exceptions, Trochodendron (Trochodendraceae) and Tetracentron (Tetracentraceae), show definite links with the Magnoliidae, but are classified in the most primitive order of the subclass Hamamelidae. Of the Magnoliidae, all Winteraceae (Magnoliales), Amborellaceae (Laurales), and Nymphaeales lack vessels, although vessels are in the roots of Nelumbo. Magnoliidae with primitive vessels usually grow on deep shady sites close to water, where there is a minimum of water stress; an example of such is Illicium (Illiciales). (Water stress occurs when there is a considerable difference between the amount of water available to the plant via the roots and the amount of water lost from the plant at its leaves by evapotranspiration.)As they evolved, vessel members became shorter, wider, and rounder. The many transverse slitlike perforations arranged one above the other like rungs in a ladder (scalariform perforation plates) in the long sloping end walls were gradually replaced by fewer, larger, rounder perforations in more transverse end walls, leading to transverse walls with a single large perforation (simple perforation plates). Such vessels are weaker. Large woody plants that possess them compensate by having many fibres or fibre-tracheids in their wood.Only in angiosperms are sieve tubes (sieve tube) and companion cells found in the phloem (see angiosperm: Tissue systems: Vascular tissue (angiosperm)). In other vascular plants, parenchyma cells function in the same way as companion cells (that is, as the sieve cell's living protoplasm), but they are not derived from the same mother cell as the sieve element. The sieve cells of gymnosperms and pteridophytes are less efficient conductors of food materials than the sieve-tube members of angiosperms, because they do not have enlarged sieve pores in their more sloping end walls. The only angiosperm to have parenchyma cells with the same function as companion cells is Austrobaileya (Austrobaileyaceae) in the order Magnoliales. Austrobaileya seems to retain a stage in the evolution of phloem in angiosperms, for a few companion cells have recently been found in its phloem as well.A wide range of leaf types are found in the Magnoliidae, some resembling those of early fossils. The types of stomata (stomate) also range widely, sometimes even within a single family (e.g., Winteraceae). There is, however, no clear way to discern the primitive from the advanced types of stomata. Most Magnoliidae contain ethereal oil cells, commonly with isoquinoline alkaloids, in their leaves and often in other aerial parts as well. Such ethereal oil cells are not found in other subclasses. It has been suggested that they form a chemical defense mechanism against predators and pathogens.Reproductive structuresThe archetypal angiosperm flower may well have lacked sepals and petals, for some primitive Magnoliidae seem to lack sepals and petals (a perianth) or tepals. In Eupomatia (Magnoliales), for example, the young flower bud is covered by a floral leaf (bract) that drops off at the time of flowering, exposing a naked flower (with stamens and carpels). Although the flower appears to have petals, it is actually a false, or pseudo- , perianth because it lies between the stamens and carpels rather than surrounding these reproductive structures; the pseudoperianth is thought to have evolved from sterile stamens (staminodes). It releases odours that attract beetle pollinators and is partially eaten by them. Trimenia has what appears to be a stage in the derivation of a perianth from bracts. Bracts cover the whole flower stalk (pedicel) and invest the flower bud. Those bracts closest to the flower appear to more closely resemble the petals and sepals in shape and arrangement, and all are shed at the time of flowering. Some primitive Magnoliidae have a dull perianth, while others, such as Magnolia, have a showy petallike one; in woody Magnoliidae, however, there is never a clear differentiation into typical sepals and petals.Early fossil flowers and the vast majority of Magnoliidae are bisexual, although the fossil record indicates that early flowers could revert to unisexuality. This has occurred in some primitive families. For example, unlike other Winteraceae, most species of Tasmannia have unisexual flowers. The flowers indicate their bisexual origins by the presence of sterile carpels in the centre of the male flowers. In the Magnoliidae, as in early fossil flowers, the number and arrangement of floral parts varies; in other subclasses these characteristics are more fixed. For example, members in each of the more than 350 genera and some of the more than 3,000 species in the family Brassicaceae (Dilleniidae) have the same number and arrangement of petals. Although it seems that the perianth has evolved from bracts in most Magnoliidae, some investigators believe that the petals of Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeales), the water lilies, have evolved from sterile stamens. Possible evidence for this lies in the presence of petallike structures with tiny pollen sacs intermediate between stamens and petals in extant Nymphaea flowers and in the evolution of these petallike organs from staminodes (as in Eupomatia; Magnoliales), albeit inside the stamens. It also seems possible that outer staminodes differentiated into typical petals in the Ranunculaceae and in most advanced dicotyledons.The discovery of Degeneria (Degeneriaceae) in Fiji in 1942 by the American botanists Irving W. Bailey, Albert C. Smith, and others renewed researchers' interest in the Ranunculales as the most primitive dicotyledonous plant group. Degeneria is an example of a vanulean angiosperm with primitive stamens and carpels (carpel). It has leaflike, three-veined stamens and carpels rather than the obvious filaments and anthers of more modern groups. A pair of pollen sacs embedded between the midvein and each lateral vein run most of its length. In the leaflike carpels, a row of ovules is embedded on either side of the midvein, and the carpel is folded in along the central axis, with the seams facing the centre of the flower (a conduplicate carpel). This primitive carpel has been found in a Cretaceous fossil and in some of the Winteraceae (Magnoliales). Conventional carpels—with stigma, style, and ovary—evolved in a number of families of Magnoliales, including the Magnoliaceae. Similarly there are members in the Magnoliales and Nymphaeales that exhibit leaflike stamens and stages in evolution of stamens from the leaflike, three-veined condition to the conventional single-veined stamens with anther and filament, even within a single family (e.g., Nymphaeaceae; Nymphaeales). The number of carpels per flower varies considerably in the subclass. The carpels are not fused in almost all of the Magnoliales, Laurales, and Illiciales, but in some Piperales, Aristolochiales, Nymphaeales, and Ranunculales and in all Papaverales they are fused.pollen structure is diverse within the Magnoliidae. Pollen with three elongated apertures equidistant from one another (tricolpate pollen) and related forms are dominant in the more advanced angiosperm subclasses but are almost absent in monocotyledons as well as in all but a few of the Magnoliidae. The most frequent pollen types found in Magnoliidae and in the earliest angiosperm fossil pollen are monosulcate (in which grains have a single elongated aperture), inaperturate (without apertures), polyforate (with many round apertures), and biaperturate pollen. These types are not fundamentally different, for Trimenia (Laurales) has pollen that is inaperturate, polyforate, or disulculate (a biaperturate type). Such forms would have evolved from one to another many times over.There is increasing evidence that early flowers were pollinated by insects and that this was one of the early events that triggered the evolution of the flowering plants. Some insect groups were well-established before angiosperms evolved, especially beetles (Coleoptera) and flies (Diptera). The Hymenoptera (wasps and bees) appeared in the Triassic (245 to 208 million years ago), although it seems that they and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) only came into prominence near the end of the Cretaceous Period (144 to 66.4 million years ago). pollination by beetles is found in many primitive Magnoliidae, including Magnolia, Eupomatia, Calycanthus, and possibly Degeneria. Pollination in various members of the Winteraceae is carried out by beetles, primitive moths, flies, thrips, and even caterpillars. Plants highly adapted for wind pollination, such as grasses (Poaceae), did not appear until later in the evolution of the angiosperms.EvolutionThe oldest definitive angiosperm fossils (fossil) are from the Early Cretaceous (144 to 97.5 million years ago). The most abundant fossils are pollen grains (this is because the outer coat, or exine, contains sporopollenin, a chemical that is extremely resistant to decay). Leaves, wood, and well-preserved flowers also have been recovered from Early Cretaceous sediments. At one time, angiosperms were thought to have appeared suddenly ("explosively") and were so diverse in structure that it was theorized that they must have originated well before their earliest remains appeared in the fossil record. When the first definitive angiospermous pollen grains and leaves were discovered, however, they were in fact similar to each other and accounted for a small proportion of the fossil plant material. This would suggest that they had evolved from their ancestors not long before they first appeared as fossils. During the course of the Cretaceous (i.e., over a span of 80 million years) many families emerged, and significant structural variations became evident.The earliest definitive angiospermous pollen grain is known as Clavatipollenites, which recent studies suggest is probably most closely related to the order Laurales, although it shows some links to the Magnoliales. It first appeared in the rocks of the Barremian, or in those of the slightly earlier Hauterivian, of the Early Cretaceous, about 130 million years ago, and in such diverse regions as England, Australia, and the United States. Clavatipollenites was the oldest known pollen to show a typical angiosperm construction of the outer exine into a perforated tectum (roof)—giving the surface of the grains a network (reticulate) appearance—columellae (pillars), and foot (floor). It had a single elongated aperture (monosulcate) and closely resembled the pollen of Ascarina (Chloranthaceae).Other types of pollen appeared a little later in the Cretaceous, between 108.5 and 100.5 million years ago. Also appearing about this time were the oldest fossils of the Magnoliales so far discovered—pollen grains of the Winteraceae. Another monosulcate pollen type that arose early in the fossil record in some primitive Magnoliidae—including Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaceae, and some Annonaceae—resembles that found in some gymnosperms, having a smooth unperforated surface and a more or less homogenous (structureless) exine. It is debatable which pollen type is more primitive (the tectate-columellate or homogenous type), but they are not fundamentally different from one another, because both have been found within Polyalthia (Annonaceae).There are evolutionary advantages in the tectate-columellate type of pollen. These grains more easily expand and contract with changes in humidity, contributing to the longevity of the pollen. Incompatibility proteins operate via two basic methods to promote cross-pollination. In the most common method the proteins, which are stored beneath the tectum in the pollen of many plants, are "recognized" by matching proteins produced in the stigma or styles; this mechanism prevents self-pollination and contributes to greater genetic diversity. Triaperturate pollen, found among the other dicotyledon classes, began to appear later.Leaves as well as rather inconspicuous flowers also appeared during the Cretaceous. The first angiosperm leaves evolved contemporaneously with the tectate-columellate pollen described above. They had irregular, basically pinnate venation with a midrib and a secondary vein. Secondary and smaller tertiary veins were poorly defined. The leaves were small and of a simple elliptical or ovate shape. Leaves with features characteristic of Magnoliales also appeared during this time in rock strata of the eastern United States.In 1990 Aptian deposits in Australia revealed a small fossil with very thin herbaceous stems, leaves, and female inflorescences. Clavatipollenites pollen was the only angiospermous type found in the same strata. This new fossil has been linked with several extant angiospermous families; its leaves resemble those of Saururaceae, Piperaceae (Piperales), and Aristolochiaceae (Aristolochiales), and its reproductive organs resemble Chloranthaceae (Piperales). If the new fossil had also contained the Clavatipollenites pollen, further links with Chloranthaceae and Aristolochiaceae would have been suggested. An ancestor of such a plant, with a small, rhizomatous perennial form and diminutive reproductive organs, might represent the ancestral angiosperm from which the first monocotyledons and rhizomatous-herbaceous dicotyledons diverged. Furthermore, as the lack of pre-Albian fossil angiosperm wood might indicate, weedy dicotyledon shrubs, which had been considered ancestral to other angiosperms, may have evolved from a plant similar to this Australian fossil.James Edward Canright F. Bruce SampsonAdditional ReadingCoverage is provided by Peter K. Endress, "Evolution of Reproductive Structures and Functions in Primitive Angiosperms (Magnoliidae)," Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 55:5–34 (February 1990), an extremely useful summary.
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Universalium. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Magnoliidae — Magnoliidée ou Magnoliidae … Wikipédia en Français
Magnoliidae — n. a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including {Magnoliaceae} and {Ranunculaceae};… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Magnoliidae — Taxobox name = Magnoliidae image caption = Flower of Asimina triloba regnum = Plantae unranked divisio = Angiospermae unranked classis = Magnoliidae unranked classis authority = Novák ex Takht. [cite book | last=Takhtajan | first=A. | year=1967 | … Wikipedia
Magnoliidae — Magnoliidae … Wikipedia Español
Magnoliidae — Cet article concerne la sous classe en nomenclature botanique. Pour le clade en classification APG III, voir Magnoliidées … Wikipédia en Français
Magnoliidae — Magnolienähnliche Tulpenbaum (Liriodendron tulipifera), Blüte. Systematik Reich … Deutsch Wikipedia
Magnoliidae — Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae n. (Bot.) a class of plants comprising those seed plants that produce an embryo with two cotyledons and net veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): {Magnoliidae} and … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Magnoliidae — noun a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae;… … Useful english dictionary
Magnoliidae — … Википедия
Magnoliidae — Subclase de plantas de la clase Magnoliopsida, división Magnoliophyta; Comprende 2 órdenes y 7 familias. ● Orden Magnoliales Magnoliáceas (familia Magnoliaceae). Annoniáceas (familia Annonaceae). Caneláceas (familia Canelaceae). Miristicáceas… … Enciclopedia Universal


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Morning crafters, thanks for stopping by
I have a bit of a treat for you today, a blog hop with our full DT… and some fabulous prizes!
We're celebrating the release of our latest new products, our first Christmas launch of 2014 is a lovely mix of cute rubber stamps, useful clear stamps and festive patterned paper pads
We have an adorable set of 22 cute character stamps; new vintage boys & girls, cute angels and ever popular snowmen and penguins
There are 5 new clear stamp sets; mixed Christmas sentiments and carols, some everyday recipes and also some exciting mini images which add a nice finishing touch to your work
Last, but certainly not least, we have 4 fabulous new Christmas paper pads, Snow Princess (patterned and solids) 'Twas The Night and Festive Trimmings
The new items will be available to buy on the website from midnight on Friday August 1st (UK time)
As I said, the LOTV design team are all joining in the fun today. You need to 'hop' from one blog to another following the links and leave a comment on each card, hopefully we can give you lots of ideas and inspiration along the way for using the new images
As always there are fabulous prizes up for grabs on this hop, we don't know where they are hidden so do make sure you that you visit and comment on every blog
I will let you know tomorrow evening which were the 'lucky' blogs and the winners will be drawn at random from all the comments that were left on those blogs
We have a full set of the new Christmas image stamps to give away;
1st prize is the 12 angels, penguins and snowmen
2nd prize is the 10 vintage children
Ideas To Inspire (you're here)
Here's a lovely card by Gretha to kick us off, this cute image is called Christmas Treats and Gretha used some of my favourite papers which are in the Simple Joys pad
The lovely greeting is from our new Christmas Wishes set
Next stop is my blog here, and if you get lost along the way you come back here and pick up the links again
Don't forget to pop back tomorrow evening, I'll announce the names of the prize winners before the new products go on sale
Enjoy the hop everyone and good luck!


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Art lovers alert!
Fashionista alert!
The famed Art Institute collection of Impressionist works is currently being married with sister oeuvres loaned from Paris Musée D'Orsay and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art along with sample fashions of the day in the current show (June 26-September 22) called "Impressionism, Fashion & Modernity".
Whether you are a fashionista fascinated with evolving styles,
someone who loves art,
or just someone curious about how art reflects the world from which it is born, you will just love this show.
For many, the only problem will be finding enough time to go back and savor it again and again.
Featuring over 75 major figure paintings by the Impressionists and their contemporaries in tandem with the couture that inspired them, "Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity" raises a curtain in our mind so that we can see the Impressionist works anew, with an eye to the lush fabrics,
punishing corsets,
and signals of class that helped inspire the Impressionists' palettes.
In this collection of Impressionists works as well as more realistic paintings from the period, we see many of the Grande Dames of French high society, as well as the less-heeled mistresses donning their type of finery for portraiture. We also see dresses and accessories on display that mirror those in the paintings.
The audioguide to this visit is highly recommended to give you insights into the grasp of detail and thought that curator Gloria Groom and her staff brought to this exhibit.
Perhaps this exhibit is best summarized by the audioguide introduction by Art Institute President Douglas Druck who says, "The second half of the nineteenth century saw rapid modernization, the transition from a rural to a more urban way of life and the rise of the middle class...art and fashion reflected all of these changes.
"Once only accessible to high society, the latest stlyes were now reaching wider audiences thanks to the burgeoning illustrated press, teh rapidly mechanizing clothing industry, and innovations like the sewing machine and department store. There were magazines filled with images that told you what to wear-- like the ones the women are reading in the paintings (in this exhibit). And the Impressionists--modern artists who wanted to be of their moment-- used fashion to signal their modernity and experimentation with new ways of painting."
The two-dimensional photos of this story cannot compare to immersing yourself in the world that this exhibit creates, or rather re-creates. Make sure that you have time to linger over textile, lace and color detals and exhibit guides alike.
The Art Institute of Chicago
111 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60603
(312) 443-3600
"Impressionism, Fashion and Modernity" exhibit through September 22.
Art Institute Hours:
Open daily 10:30–5:00
Thursday until 8:00
Free Thursday Evenings
Admission to the Art Institute of Chicago is free to Illinois residents every Thursday from 5:00 to 8:00 p.m.
Please note: There will be a $15 surcharge ($12 for students and seniors) for Illinois residents visiting Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity during FreeThursday Evenings.
Photos of paintings and installation shots without people courtesy of Art Institute.
Photos including gallery visitors and other people images: Peter Kachergis


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EA has some exciting new IP in the works for both consoles and the PC. At E3 this year, both Dead Space and Mirror's Edge had the show talking. At EA's press conference, we were able to watch a new trailer for Dead Space, called "Lullaby." The trailer was pretty dark, and we were warned to close our eyes if we were under the age of 17.
We then got an e-mail saying that the game trailer wasn't going to be shown in the US. "This is called the Lullaby Trailer, and is banned here in the US (well not banned, but wasn't approved) by the ESRB because well, it's pretty gory. EU was allowed to have it and Gametrailers posted it up," EA told us. Go give it a watch, it's a pretty brutal trailer.
Was it really so bad the ESRB had to put a stop to it? The ratings group didn't have any problems with the James Wan-directed "Loved Ones" trailer, which is also up on Gametrailers, and that wasn't exactly bloodless. James Wan, for those who aren't horror fans, is the writer and director behind the torture-porn Saw films.
Dead Space looks great, and I'll actually be flying out to San Francisco in early August in order to take a closer look. For now, enjoy the trailers, and marvel at the idea of bloody teasers being unapproved.


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John Kilroy Interview - Enginology
According To John... - John Kilroy talks about trade shoes, racing, and keeping the motorsports industry afloat
Editor's note: John Kilroy, currently the very successful Vice President/General Manager of the Performance Racing Industry and Publisher of its monthly magazine, which has historically deeps roots in the motorsports community. Over his 23 years of involvement with motorsports, he has been directly and indirectly responsible for many of the improvements that have evolved during his tenure, certainly in the field of print communications and trade shows. This month, he shares some of his views about our industry, its direction, and some specific commentary on certain aspects of its future.
As an industry, we've just experienced a highly-successful PRI Show in December. How do you describe the tone of that event with respect to the health of the motorsports industry?
There was a very positive atmosphere in the exhibits and exhibit aisles of the 2013 PRI Trade Show. The racing industry today has it challenges, but I believe there's more of a sense now that these challengers are part of doing business. The challenge in 2009 was dealing with a sudden and significant loss of revenue in a single year. Many owners of racing businesses had to take some extreme actions in order to stay alive. We're getting back to more of a "business as usual" kind of mode. There's more of a sense of stability, I believe, and that's a welcome change compared to just a couple of years ago.
The tone of the event was also positive for reasons that had to do with the Show itself. With the help of SEMA's leadership and resources, we were able to combine the IMIS Show and the PRI Trade Show so there were hundreds of exhibitors who saved quite a bit of money exhibiting in one trade show versus two. Plus, we printed up more credentials than ever before, so buyer attendance went up. For the attending buyers, the number of exhibiting companies grew so they were able to shop and compare the widest array of new racing technology that's been assembled all in one place in years.
And there were some outstanding events at the PRI Trade Show. The Grand Opening Breakfast was packed with nearly 3000 motorsports professionals, and I never heard this crowd so quiet as when Richard Petty was interviewed on stage by Dave Despain and Ken Schrader. It was great fun.
Given your current observations within the motorsports industry, how do you characterize the relationships between parts manufacturers and the engine building community?
The downturn in the economy put great pressure on every racing business to perform better. If you talk to parts manufacturers, a lot of their focus in recent years has been in securing their special niche in the racing marketplace, delivering quality products, innovating strategically and providing excellent customer service, all at the best price possible. There's no room for fat in the system, or serious mistakes. So, parts manufacturers are definitely motivated to deliver a terrific package of values to the engine building community. In addition, credit issues seemed to have tightened up just about everywhere throughout the racing industry.
Over time, parts manufacturers seem to have trended more toward aligning the design of their parts with the requirements of engine builders, as opposed to producing more "generic" designs that allow builders to modify them for their particular needs. Can you comment on this?
Many manufacturers enjoy sharing stories of the connections they've made with individual race engine builders, and how they are able to supply them with components that help win races. There's a lot of engineering innovation in racing that shifted from the racers and race teams decades ago to the parts manufacturers today. It's a challenge to provide smaller quantities of parts for very specific applications on a timely basis in racing, but many suppliers find this is a direct route to securing long term business from bigger accounts. Also, the CNC and CAD/CAM revolution in manufacturing has helped in a big way to make this possible.
Racers, and more specifically engine builders, are always seeking some sort of an on-track advantage. And when they are successful, tend to guard such an advantage to remain competitive. Can you think of any ways parts manufacturers can work successfully with racers and engine builders in this type of an environment?
I regularly hear stories from parts manufacturers of race teams and race engine builders asking for parts in new specifications as they experiment and innovate. It may even surprise the manufacturer of the component when they first get the request, but this is also where new setups and new combinations of components can be proven on a racetrack. And there have been moments where the parts manufacturer made it clear that the new speed secret was being protected for the race engine builder of team that found it.
In virtually every visit I've ever made to a factory that made race parts, the person who provided the tour of the facility spoke like someone who went racing. Racing parts manufacturers want to win races. Almost all racing businesses begin with the passion for speed and the competition of racing cars, and then they find their way as a money-making enterprise. It's always fun when a parts manufacturer stops to explain a new innovation in a particular part as we stand on the factory floor, and the pride they have that it's going to really help their customers be more competitive and win more races. The spirit of competition in racing extends all the way into the factories where the race parts are made.
In the interviews Circle Track conducted last year with engine builders, the subject of new and emerging technologies was discussed. Do you think such technologies are good for the motorsports community or not and, if so, why?
Innovation has always been a big part of the formula for fun in racing. Only one person gets to drive, but a whole bunch of people get to be involved in figuring out how to go faster. It's the never-ending mystery. And I believe this remains a key attraction for many racing fans who love the sense of amazement that a race car can go that fast while providing a great driver with such control.
It may seem odd to speak of joy when it comes to a tough sport like auto racing, but it's there every weekend when race teams win races or just run far better than they ever have before. There's a lot of work to win championships, from the local track to the top of the sport: time, effort, commitment, focus, sacrifice, resilience, courage, ambition, creativity and more. The moment someone discovers a new place to gain a competitive advantage is spectacular, and when a new idea is proven on the racetrack with a win, it's a joyful moment.
I don't mean to sound poetic. But PRI is on the parts side of racing, and I think it's important to state and restate that the technological side of the sport of racing has kept many of us enthralled with this sport for decades. It's a critical part of the attraction of the sport. Listen to the great stories you hear in racing, and you really recognize how many of the stories have to do with parts and technology.
I realize that my job is not filing up the grandstands every weekend, but I have to seriously suggest from my perspective that we should promote and celebrate innovation in racing in a big way.
During the current year, CT will be reaching out to selected motorsports parts manufacturers to discuss their views about the current and future needs of racers and how they, as parts designers, plan to address those needs and opportunities. From your perspective, how do you feel they should approach the future growth of the sport?
I think the parts manufacturers are already doing a pretty spectacular job. As I mentioned, there's no fat in the system, that's for sure. A lot of parts manufacturers and race engine builders have told me over the years that they would very much welcome more opportunities to engage in strategy sessions with race promoters and race sanctioning bodies on how to boost car counts. More of that would be good for the sport, I believe.
When it comes to the future growth of the sport, I have a lot of confidence in the racing industry as a whole in its ability to approach challenges. Overcoming obstacles and rising to meet challenges is what racers do. I may be prejudiced, but I believe a night at the local short track beats everything for entertainment value. It may be just me, but I think movies are boring. Baseball is boring. Facebook is boring. My Blackberry is boring. But, if I pay a very reasonable price to get into my local short track, grab a beer, sit high in the grandstands and the first heat race starts, I'm in another world. I'm far away from office life and all my chores around the house. It's loud. It's fast. It's thrilling. Racing has an incredible product at a great price. And I think all of the racing industry is figuring out ways to more or less reintroduce the sport to many local residents who haven't experienced it, especially younger folks. And I believe we can do this.


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Tag Archives: Jane Adams
New This Week in Theaters, July 30, 2020
While theaters are closed, due to COVID-19, these films could be at select drive-in theaters and available for digital rental. Rebuilding Paradise (PG-13)Opens on Friday, July 31Starring: Woody Culleton, Michelle John, Carly Ingersoll, Matt Gates, Zach Boston The community of … Continue reading
Posted in 2020, films, Lists, movies, New in Theater Tagged 2020, Ana Golja, andy garcia, AnnaSophia Robb, Boys State, Carly Ingersoll, Covid-19, digital, digital rental, drive-in, films, IMDB, Jack White, Jane Adams, July 30, Kate Lyn Sheil, Katie Aselton, Kentucker Audley, Lauren Holly, Lists, Louis Gossett Jr., Malec Moghadam, Matt Gates, Michelle John, New This Week in Theaters, Rebuilding Paradise, rental, She Dies Tomorrow, Shohreh Aghdashloo, Taylor Russell, The Cuban, theaters, Walton Goggins, Woody Culleton, Words on Bathroom Walls, Zach Boston Leave a comment
New This Week on DVD, November 14, 2017
Atomic Blonde (R) An undercover MI6 agent is sent to Berlin during the Cold War to investigate the murder of a fellow agent and recover a missing list of double agents. Starring Charlize Theron, James McAvoy, Eddie Marsan, John Goodman, Toby Jones Wind … Continue reading
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Suddenlink's top priority has been protecting the health and safety of our employees and customers while also providing the essential telecommunications services that you expect from us during this global pandemic. Given the rapidly changing environment, we've made the decision to temporarily close some Suddenlink stores. Please select your state and closest city to view a store's status and information.
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You will be playmate of the year when you choose one of these sexy bunny costumes for women. Who knew rabbit ears and a fake cottontail could become such a sexy outfit? Whether you want a bunny leotard, a bunny mini dress or a bunny corset, these adult costumes for women will have you looking like a playboy bunny for Halloween or any occasion.
Whether you're just aiming to please your playboy or aiming to draw attention in a crowd, these costumes will do it every time. It's true, you will look like a playboy bunny, and what man has not fantasized about being with those saucy little flirts in the magazines? Put these Halloween costumes on and hop into his heart as he sweats over your assets.
Show off the best of you with the Bunny Surprise, the Deluxe Bunny Set, or the Ruffle Bunny. Explore all our outfit options and find out which ones will make his heart race or get the room's eyes on you. Don't forget the accessories! The accessory kit comes with gloves, ears and a tail. Many of our Halloween costumes come with optional accessories, but this kit is so versatile, it can be worn with multiple costumes.
Feel sexy. Feel secure, and feel amazing with our bunny costumes. Use our fast shipping options and feel safe in your purchase with our hassle-free return policy. Use what you have naturally to fill out these hot costumes and hop away with one of the hottest nights you'll ever have in our sexy, sensual, fulfilling bunny costumes.


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Christopher Payne is the corporate vice president in charge of Windows Live Search, formerly MSN Search, an effort the company launched after its search partner Inktomi was acquired by Web portal business Yahoo Inc. in 2003.
The people aware of the situation insisted on anonymity because they did not have permission from the company to speak about the matter.
Payne did not immediately respond to an e-mail seeking comment or return a call to his home in Seattle.
In spite of its efforts to build buzz around the Live brand, Microsoft's sites handle far fewer queries than the industry leader, Google Inc., and the No. 2 player, Yahoo. According to research group Nielsen/NetRatings Inc., Microsoft snagged about 9 percent of U.S. searches in January, compared with Google's 54 percent and Yahoo's 23 percent. Microsoft's actual number of searches rose from about 523,000 in January 2005 to about 643,000 in the same month this year, while Google's more than doubled from about 1.9 million to about 3.9 million, the research group said.
"I'm guessing they are looking at the number of queries ... and seeing it not grow fast enough, and thinking it's time for a leadership change," said Matt Rosoff, an analyst for the independent research group Directions on Microsoft.
During a conference call following Microsoft's second-quarter earnings, Microsoft cut expectations for revenue growth in its online services business, which includes Live Search and other Web properties. The company now forecasts revenue growth from 3 percent to 8 percent, down from a more optimistic view issued after first-quarter earnings for 7 percent to 11 percent growth.
"This was supposed to be the year that MSN started turning around revenue. Now it doesn't look like that turnaround is happening as fast as they thought it would," Rosoff said.
The Payne news closely followed another Live departure. Microsoft confirmed Monday that Blake Irving, corporate vice president of the Windows Live Platform group, is leaving the company. In an e-mail message sent to colleagues, Blake cited a long commute as one factor in the decision.
"Blake Irving was the last of the MSN old guard who still had a pretty big job with Windows Live," said Rosoff. This may be Microsoft management's "attempt to shake up the group a bit."
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Welcome to Motion Unlimited, a retail store offering the latest in dancewear and exercise apparel, shoes, and accessories for dancers of all levels and styles. We carry items for men, women, and children fitting from petite through plus sizes. Our store has a full inventory of merchandise for ballet, jazz, modern, tap, pointe, and character dance. We also stock items for praise dance, ballroom/dancesport, flamenco, hip-hop, belly dance, gymnastics, yoga, pilates, and general exercise wear. You can find a variety of accessories such as tights, dance bags, knit warmers, numerous gift items, and much more…
Can't find what you are looking for? We have more items in our store!
Need something in a hurry? We have express shipping!
Call us: 312.922.3330
E-mail us: firstname.lastname@example.com
Motion Unlimited Dancewear - 218 S. Wabash Ave Suite 270 Chicago, IL 60604