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CryoSat validation highlights the challenges of working in the Arctic
Bad weather, temperatures of
-35°C and the threat of polar bears are just some of the challenges that scientists had to face carrying out the CRYOsat Validation EXperiment (CRYOVEX) last month.
CRYOVEX is the first dedicated CryoSat validation campaign and involved scientists from three separate institutes; the Geodynamics Department of the Danish National Survey and Cadastre Organisation (KMS), the Applied Physics Laboratory of the John Hopkins University (JHU) and the Alfred Wegner Institute (AWI). CryoSat, ESA's first Earth Explorer satellite, is due to launch next year and is dedicated to monitoring precise changes in the thickness of polar ice sheets and floating sea ice.
Although it is too early to judge the overall success, preliminary results indicate that a valuable dataset for future analysis was successfully acquired during the CRYOVEX campaign. Both the laser scanner and the radar altimeter on board the Greenland-Air Twin Otter performed well. In all, several thousand kilometres of overlapping radar and laser altimeter tracks were collected from the Twin Otter over some of the main test sites selected for CryoSat validation experiments. These sites included ice caps such as the EGIG line that crosses central Greenland, and the Austfonna ice cap in north-eastern Svalbard. Data were also acquired over sea ice across the Fram Strait between Svalbard and North Greenland, and northwards, off the northern tip of Greenland towards the pole.
The highlight of the CRYOVEX campaign, and indeed one of the main factors driving the campaign were the joint acquisitions over the Fram Strait ice, which were carried out in coordination with the EM Bird helicopter, lodged on board the German icebreaker Polarstern, and the Twin Otter. Before the start of the airborne acquisitions, Polarstern had pushed northwards as far as the ice masses allowed and then shut off all engines so as to act as a drifting station during the campaign. Joint acquisitions were arranged covering 100 km tracks, which all started close to Polarstern but headed in different directions. Coordination with the Polarstern scientists was essential during this phase of the campaign, as different tracks had to be computed ahead of time for the Twin Otter and the helicopter, based on drift rates provided by Polarstern. Unfortunately, due to bad weather conditions at the time of the campaign, the number of joint helicopter-aircraft sorties was limited to two. However, the joint dataset will be instrumental in assessing the sea ice thickness retrievals of laser and radar altimeters and quantifying retrieval errors.
The Cryovex campaign also provided valuable feedback on the challenges associated with validation campaigns conducted in the Arctic as well as campaign strategies to meet these challenges. Polarstern and Svalbard often experienced bad weather conditions and the cold temperatures had to be taken into account when setting up the radar and laser altimeter instruments. The erratic motion of Polarstern, wedged in the ice floe, was also unexpected. This posed a great challenge in coordinating the aircraft and the helicopter so that acquisitions were made along the same track. Apart from the technical and scientific challenges posed by this campaign, scientists working in Svalbard had to be constantly on the look out for polar bears and were required to carry rifles for their own protection.
Nevertheless, despite the challenges of performing validation work in the Arctic, the CRYOVEX campaign has fulfilled its two major objectives:
Collect simultaneous, collocated airborne laser and radar altimeter data, and helicopter-borne ice thickness data for the assessment of ice thickness retrieval errors.
- To provide pre-launch validation of the overall campaign concept to assess the accuracy with which CryoSat will be able to retrieve sea ice thickness data.
Much work remains in terms of processing and disseminating the large volumes of acquired data as well as assessing the overall collocation of the measurements with respect to the moving ice floes. An in-depth analysis of the data to quantify CryoSat height retrieval errors is also necessary - but at least all this can be done without having to carry a rifle!


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Friday, Sept. 20 – Forbes magazine named Jay-Z and Beyonce richest couple in the U.S. The music moguls raked in 95 million dollars last year putting them at the top of the legenday list. Jay-Z is also one of 15 entrepreneurs Forbes magazine has predicted will be worth a billion dollars by the year 2015.
Jay-Z was named amongst an elite group of tech moguls, hedge-funders, athletes and entertainers who all have a chance of breaking into the Forbes 400 this decade.
According to Forbes, Jay-Z has a total worth of $450 million, through his Roc Nation label, his catalog, which returns to him in 2014, Rocawear and a stake in the New Jersey Nets.
The rap star/mogul was listed alongside movers and shakers like Facebook's Sean Parker ($900 million), Marc Pincus (Zynga $850 million), producer Jerry Bruckheimer ($850 million), Jerry Seinfeld ($800 million) and others.
Jay-Z met up with Forbes' billionaire founder and CEO/Editor-in-Chief Steve Forbes and fellow billionaire investor Warren Buffett to discuss his success.
Read more at the urbandaily.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Vol de Nuit
80th Anniversary
By JEM jewellery House
Indisponible -
Guerlain is celebrating the anniversary of this timeless bottle by gilding a collection of vintage bottles that have been kept safe in the Guerlain archives, and are otherwise impossible to find today. A priceless piece of Guerlain's heritage, shared today in celebration.
At the centre of the bottle, the form of a helix has been moulded in yellow gold that contrasts with the deep and unusual colour of the bottle. Understated and sumptuous as starlight, it is both ephemeral and eternal, delicate and intense.
Once the bottle has been sealed with a thread by the Dames de Table in the Guerlain workshops, the bottle's cap is also clothed in golden attire.
Vol de Nuit is one of the most facetted of Guerlain's fragrances, rare, enigmatic and daring. With its assertive personality, its floral and woody facets blossom in a bold oriental trail.
Vol de Nuit's gold has been worked by hand in the finest tradition of the French goldsmith's craft by JEM Jewellery Ethically Minded. The gold itself has been produced from gold nuggets from Latin America - the first ethically-mined gold in the world, thanks to an extraction and manufacturing process which integrates sustainable development, the protection of natural resources and fair trade.


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The Beetle Whaleboat Project
The Beetle Whaleboat is now fully constructed and joined the Charles W. Morgan at Mystic Seaport in 2014 as part of its historic 38th Voyage. Support for this project came from the Museum's membership and a generous matching challenge from Peter Kellogg.
The slideshow below was provided by Beetle Boat Shop.
The last surviving whaling ship in America, the Charles W. Morgan, was built in 1841 in New Bedford at the yard of Jethro and Zachariah Hillman. It was one of 75 whaling ships out of New Bedford harbor that year; (New Bedford peaked 16 years later in 1857 with 329 vessels.)
Beetle Boatyard shed at 1555 East Rodney French Blvd, looking East. Whaleboat shop was on second floor. #2000.100.3426
James Beetle began building whaleboats while working for the Hillmans. From 1834 – 1854 he built over 1,000 whale boats (or about 50/year), including some for the Charles W. Morgan. James Beetle had three sons; Charles and John ran the Beetle shop on Rodney French Boulevard in New Bedford, while James Clarence Beetle moved to San Francisco to expand the business for the west coast fleet. As the industry began to decline after the Civil War, the Beetle family parlayed their expertise into designing and constructing pleasure crafts.
In 1921 the Charles W. Morgan embarked upon her last sail and retired at Colonel Edward H.R. Green's estate at Round Hill in South Dartmouth. Ironically, it was that same year that John Beetle built the first 12' Beetle Cat sailboat; still a popular design today and built locally in Wareham. Using cedar and oak, the same materials Beetle whaleboats were composed of, the sailboat quickly caught on as a one design racing fleet at yacht clubs across New England.
During Col. Green's restoration of the Morgan in 1924, he asked Charles Beetle to build a whaleboat for the ship as his father had done many years before. The last Beetle whaleboat was built by Charles in 1933 for the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, VA. This whaleboat would become significant later, as its lines and construction plans became part of the Mystic Seaport plan collection in 1973 and were used by the Beetle Boat Company to construct our new whaleboat.
On September 8th, 2013 an historic race between the Beetle whaleboat and Azorean whaleboats took place during the 7th Annual International Whaleboat Regatta.


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Jumping to a story
Don't take the link if you're afraid of insects. Seriously, don't. If that doesn't bother you, however, you might just enjoy this.
David Brady's been doing something rather fun for this Halloween. He's written a detective story and is serializing it through the month of October. It's not a GREAT story, but it's fun. Why?
David Brady's page is InsectPOD.com. That's Insect Picture Of the Day. He posts very, very close-up pictures of insects. Our detective in this tale is a grasshopper. He's investigating a few things, some of which are deaths. A recurring gag: "You gotta help me, my wife want to kill me." Well…. yeah.
The story starts here. The homepage is here.
Have fun.


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Happy Wedding Wednesday!
Today I have a picture to share that my fiance & I took while at the beach this summer.
I found a picture on Pinterest that I completely copied and I do not take credit for at all. But I wanted to have it for myself.
I may use it for our wedding announcement in the paper or may put it up on our website.
We were fortunate enough to know someone with a good camera and good editing skills to come up with this picture.
I definitely encourage people to get ideas on Pinterest or photography websites to get inspired for their own engagement sessions or wedding pictures. It was a huge help for us when we were getting our pictures done.
Have a great night!


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France says non to veils du face.
Meet the Spitalfields Nippers.
"Mission: Impossible" is on instant watching. Peter Graves was not the original IMF leader.
How to quit your job.
This food reviewer is a star.
Thirteen-year-olds still don't get to stay on their own for a week.
Here are some houses that look like faces.
Skin bleaching is big in Jamaica. Mon.
Charl Schwartzel is the Master.
Get uncomfortable with the Pedo Gameshow Host.
Albuquerque settled a bunch of lawsuits which is probably smart.
Cops search for Santa Fe killers.
Happy birthday, Lisa Stansfield.
Thanks to Tom Nayder, Geoffrey Anjou and Oskar Petersen for the handy links.


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For the longest time I wondered why the Demo Mode user interface was so badly designed, but then it struck me that it's because I'm one of those odd people who have always played with the minimap on the right.
Please move the Demo Options to the right side of the screen so we don't have to keep hiding and showing them to use the shop.
To repeat this issue:
- Set "Show minimap on the Right"
- Demo any hero
- Open the shop (F4)
- Suffer the torment of half the shop items being hidden until you hide the demo options, which you'll just have to open again a minute later
- Dwell in this agony, which is shared only by your tiny tribe of fellow righties
Has been an issue since reborn introduced the Demo Mode. Screenshot attached.
(Also, although they should never overlap, as the shop window is more readily opened and closed, it should probably be on a layer above the "demo options" anyway.)


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@ RbmodsPeople tend to make HTPC setups these days for their TV's and something that all HTPC cases have in common is that they are small and have very little space. Because of this you need a low profile cpu cooler that is way smaller than a standard cooler yet will still be able to cool a HTPC. Phanteks sent us their latest PH-TC90LS Low profile cooler that we are going to take a look at today.
Wednesday Web Reviews:
Arctic Accelero Hybrid VGA Cooler Review @ Hi Tech Legion
SanDisk Ultra Plus 256GB SSD Review
G.Skill TridentX F3-2400C10Q-32GTX Review @ Neoseeker
Arctic USB Charger PRO 4 Rev.2 @ Benchmark Reviews
NZXT Phantom 630 Ultra Tower Chassis Review
Silverstonetek Grandia GD07 HTPC Enclosure reviewed in Metku.net
Fractal Design Node 304 Mini-ITX Chassis Review
Toshiba THNSNF256GCSS 'Thin Sniff' 256GB SSD Preview
Corsair H80i & H100i Review @ Hardware Canucks
Kingston HyperX '10th Anniversary' DDR3 1866MHz 8GB Memory Kit Review
Fractal Design Adjust 108 Fan Controller Review
Phanteks PH-TC12DX Tower CPU Cooler Review
Crucial Ballistix Tactical 16GB DDR3 PC3-12800 Low Profile Memory Kit Review @ Madshrimps
LEPA G1000-MA 1000 Watt Power Supply Review @ Hi Tech Legion
Intel DC S3700 SSD Review; Home User Edition @ Hardware Canucks
Tech News: Crucial Ballistix Sport VLP & Tactical LP 16GB Low-Profile Memory Review - A Perfect Fit
ASUS ROG ARES II Video Card Review
NZXT Kraken X40 Liquid CPU Cooler Review
iXBT Labs Review: AMD FX-8350 Processor
Kingston SSDNow V300 120GB SSD Review @ [H]
Corsair Hydro Series H55 Review @ Vortez
Gelid Solutions Black Edition CPU Cooler Review
GIGABYTE Aivia Osmium Review @ Vortez
Corsair Hydro 90 & H110 Review - 140mm Cooling Power @ Madshrimps
SteelSeries Flux Luxury Edition Gaming Headset Review @ Madshrimps
Thermaltake Level 10M Gaming Mouse Review @ Hi Tech Legion
Genius WideCam 320 Webcam Review @ Techgage
Func Surface 1030 XL Mouse Pad Review
LEETGION El'Druin Gaming Mouse Review @ Madshrimps
Case Smithing: Getting Started with DIY Cable Sleeving
Why I'm excited about Microsoft's Surface Pro
The Cave (PC) - Review.


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If you want to check my poem a day progress in 2010, then head on over to my Poetic Asides blog, where I've been posting a prompt and a poem throughout National Poetry Month.
Some personal highlights so far this month:
- Took a day trip to Savannah, GA, with Tammy and Baby Will. I was super impressed with the giant oak trees, cool buildings and layout of the streets. We hit Tybee Island (to splash around in the ocean a bit) and swung through Bonaventure Cemetery.
- Accepted a friend request from my mom on Facebook. I was glad to do it, but it marks the first time my mom has been on the Internet. Since she's retired, I hope she doesn't get addicted to Farmville or Mafia Wars or something.
- Been walking and losing weight. In a joint effort with Tammy, we've been eating better (most of the time) and walking every day. It's given us a nice excuse to enjoy nature, each other's company and burn calories at the same time. Hooray for multi-tasking!
Anyway, I am seriously busy this month with books, databases, web interfaces and poetry, so I better get back to it. Have a great day!


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Gift: Fortitude (Courage) – With the gift of courage, we overcome our fear and are willing to take risk as a follower of Jesus. A person with courage is willing to stand up for what is right in the sight of God, even if it means accepting rejection, verbal abuse, or even physical harm and death.
Reading: On that day, a person who is on the housetop and whose belongings are in the house must not go down to get them, and likewise a person in the field must not return to what was left behind. (Luke 17:31)
Observation: Have we not seen enough tribulation and strife, world wars and evil to be converted away from what this world has to offer? I am hearing this morning in the Gospel reading, not a call to repentance to save ourselves from future pains, but a call to leave our possessions of this world behind in favor of redemption that has already come to us through the resurrection and ascension of the one who died on a cross for us, Jesus.
Personification: Peace. It is only when I realize that God has made me for so much more than this present darkness that we live in, that I can be at peace with the fact that we have to suffer through this world in order to get to the next. I don't know what God has planned for me next, but I know it is a future full of hope and love.
Prayer: Lord, make me an instrument of your peace right now and for as long as you give us the time to take part in the redemption of the souls that have not yet accepted your grace. I ask this, as always, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit…Amen!


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The Blue Pearl is the world's most affordable robotic cleaner, with the ability to clean an entire pool in 3 hours. The Blue Pearl is the best climbing, cleaning and brushing robotic cleaner ever made. We install our patented PVA brushes on every machine. Originally designed to climb the slick tile walls of European pools, PVA brushes offer up 100% greater traction, virtually clinging to the wall providing unequaled gripping ability. It's almost like having a scrubbing sponge for the pool. This special material lasts twice as long as conventional faux bristle rubber brushes found on all other brands, and resists oil, bacteria, algae and other contaminants. Water Tech Corp's Ultimate Robotics save time and wear and tear on both the pool and machines themselves. Their Super Smart Cleaning patterns have made obsolete the archaic, ineffective zigzag and grid cleaning patterns other robotic cleaners still follow. They feature a one-and-done, almost surgically precise cleaning swath.
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text:
Very off topic and very Rutland Weekend Television! Love it
Click Here at your own risk
Moderators: CakeBoy, GreenBean, Gouezeri, bruceb
Tongle wrote:http://www.realaletrail.net/
My nephew has invited me on the Beer Train today. Apparently we get on at Stalybridge at 11.00 and the idea is we get off at each stop for a beer until we reach Batley (love that name).
Heaven help me! Eeeek
Tongle wrote:Thank godness the train had a toilet though.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 15 guests


text:
Democratic firm Public Policy Polling came out with a survey this week that showed Gov. Paul LePage winning a three-way match-up against independent Eliot Cutler and every Democrat tested.
The same survey showed that when running alone against just a Democrat, LePage was running behind and would face a steep path to re-election.
The howling from Democrats all across Maine began almost immediately.
Ben Grant, the apparently terrified Democratic Party chairman, began spinning right away, telling Portland Press Herald reporter Steve Mistler, "If I were Eliot Cutler right now, I would be thinking twice about running for governor. This poll makes it clear that with a strong Democrat in the race, he can't win."
A fine bit of tap dancing for sure, since any Democrat in the field aside from U.S. Reps. Mike Michaud or Chellie Pingree would end up coming in third. That includes the increasingly likely bid by former Gov. John Baldacci, who could only muster 27 percent in such a match-up.
The word "spoiler" has been used repeatedly by Democrats in reference to Cutler. After all, how could Democrats be winning in one poll but in third place in another if Cutler wasn't stealing their voters?
Alas, this betrays the false narrative that any voters "belong" to any party. If potential Cutler voters were somehow Democrats, supportive of the party and its candidates, why then would they abandon their party in favor of Cutler?
The addition of third, fourth and fifth candidates into a race like this simply offers the voters more choices and more opportunities.
Spoilers don't exist in politics. People vote for who they want to vote for, and the two-party system only "owns" voters if the people are forced to simply choose between the two by the removal of other options.
The 30 percent or so who say they would support Cutler are clearly not in love with what is offered by the Democratic Party and are only supportive of the Democrats in a two-way race because they view them as slightly better than the Republicans.
That doesn't make them Democrats, and that certainly doesn't entitle the Democratic Party to assume those voters belong to them. If they did, Cutler would be sitting at less than 5 percent of the vote.
The same would hold true on the other side of the aisle. If two right-leaning independents entered the race, one being a hard core libertarian of the Ron Paul variety and the other being a more centrist, moderate Republican, the votes that LePage would undoubtedly lose to those voters would not belong to him, or the Republican Party, either.
What partisans continue to fail to understand every single time a race becomes more complicated than simply a Republican vs. a Democrat, is that most voters don't particularly care about the political trench warfare of the parties. They evaluate candidates based on who they think would do the best job.
Democrats should be less afraid of Cutler, anyway. If rather than view him as a spoiler who is stealing votes they are entitled to, they simply resolved to prove to those voters that they should be voting for their candidate, they might actually have a shot at not once again finishing third in a statewide race.
After all, it isn't as though the dynamics of a race as it starts are how the race ends up at the end of the day. Cutler himself was hovering in the high single digits for most of the 2010 gubernatorial race, and toward the end was able to convince Democrats who never really liked Libby Mitchell that he was a better choice.
That is the whole reason he is even in a position to run a second time.
Regardless, Cutler is going to run, and the Democrats are going to have to deal with him.
LePage, in either a two-way or a three-way race, is a great deal more formidable than they give him credit for, particularly in an off-year election where Republicans will be more energized than Democrats.
At the end of that day, that is why he is beating both Cutler and any Democrat, and that is why he stands a very good chance of being re-elected.


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text:
Mi SciELO
Servicios Personalizados
- Citado por SciELO
- Accesos
Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia
versión impresa ISSN 0100-512X
Kriterion v.4 n.se Belo Horizonte 2008
In search of true friendship1
Luciana Karine de Souza
Associate professor of the Psychology Department at Federal University of Minas Gerais. email@example.com
Replicated from Kriterion, Belo Horizonte, vol.49 no.117, p.163-176, 2008.
The present text proposes a discussion on the concept of true friendship. The argument is grounded mostly on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, Owen Flanagan's ethics as human ecology, and on contemporary authors' works about the Greek philosopher's concept of friendship. Given that human beings flourish through 1) exercising capacities, 2) being moral, and 3) having true friendships, difficulties to establish the level of trust required by true friendships turns the search itself (for them) morally valid.
Keywords: Ethics; Flourishing; Friendship.
O presente texto propõe uma discussão sobre o conceito de amizade verdadeira. A argumentação que fundamenta o trabalho baseia-se em grande parte na Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles, na ética como ecologia humana de Owen Flanagan, e em autores contemporâneos sobre o conceito de amizade do filósofo grego. Considerando-se que seres humanos encontram a felicidade mediante 1) o exercício de suas capacidades, 2) ser um ente moral, e 3) ter amizades verdadeiras, as dificuldades no estabelecimento do nível de amizade requerido nas amizades verdadeiras torna a busca (por elas), por si só, algo moralmente válido.
Palavras-chave: Ética; Felicidade; Amizade.
The present text proposes a discussion on the concept of true friendship. The argument is grounded mostly on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, Owen Flanagan's ethics as human ecology, and on contemporary authors' works about the Greek philosopher's concept of friendship. Given that human beings flourish through 1) exercising capacities, 2) being moral, and 3) having true friendships, difficulties to find this latter type of relationship turns the search for it into an interesting, and relevant, quest.
According to Flanagan, ethics is "systematic inquiry into the conditions (of the world, of individual persons, and of groups of persons) that allow humans to flourish".2 This definition of ethics is based on an analogy with ecology. Ecology attempts to describe, explain, and predict the behavior of organisms, species, etc. It is normative science in so far as it concerns itself with flourishing of individuals, species, whole ecosystems. Thus, knowing which environments are better for beavers to flourish (for instance), one can determine the necessary steps to create a good habitat for these animals. It is in this sense that Flanagan conceives ethics as human ecology the study of the necessary conditions for human beings to flourish.
However, from the definition of ethics as human ecology one question arises: how to define flourishing (happiness) to humans without referring to specific social environments, or habitats. Facing the challenge of avoiding relativism in ethics, which would turn impossible any general consideration about the conditions that lead to flourish in the human case as a whole, Flanagan discusses the problem of the definition of flourishing, the problem of relativism, and the problem of repugnance. The problem of repugnance involves the acceptance, based on relativism, of ways of living and being that are considered suited to some social environments, but not to others using the author's words, life styles that are "unmistakably bad".3
Flanagan calls the attention to the fact that in the history of humanity there have always been different conceptions of a good and meaningful life. And beyond this diversity, in each different human habitat, there has always been tension between the conditions of a meaningful and of a moral life; in other words, one cannot escape that conflict. Flourishing requires dealing with trade-offs and commitments among goods that are not mutually satisfiable. According to the author, a more realistic position toward this constant conflict between a moral life and a meaningful life will lie on admitting the search aiming at reducing the conflict.
The problem of a definition of flourishing that could account for all humans persists. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify a considerably stable list over time and across cultures of what is morally good (friendship, love, compassion, as well as virtues like courage and honesty, for example) or bad (physical pain and suffering, murder, rape, robbery, hypocrisy, and cruelty). As for the meaningful aspect of a happy life, even though it involves a diversity of ways of making life meaningful, "across cultures one finds that being moral, that is, being a good person, is considered a necessary condition of living a meaningful life".4 In fact, Flanagan states that it is "the only absolutely necessary condition".5 Nonetheless, there is another necessary component to render a life meaningful. That is true friendship, which will be discussed further ahead.
In determining the conditions that lead to a good life, beyond living morally and having true friendships, Flanagan adds the Aristotelian principle invoked by John Rawls on his discussion of life plans and human flourishing. It is the enjoyment of being able to exercise our capacities (innate and trained abilities); enjoyment that increases as the capacities are realized or become more complex. Thus, in sum, "assuming a life is moral and that it partakes of the great good of friendship, then its meaning is filled out as an individual is able to express and realize her talents and interests".6
The true friendship addressed by Flanaganin his definition of flourishing is based on Aristotle's classification of friendships as three different types, or three different functions of friendship: friendships of utility (for example, having lunch with a colleague every Monday to discuss research topics in common), friendships of pleasure (people get along for the enjoyable end of singing), both types considered incomplete sorts of friendship, as friendship ends when the profit ends (when the research is done or when the choir is dissolved); and, finally, complete friendship (when one appreciates the other as for who he is, and not for any profit that could come out of the friendship).7
To a better discussion on friendship according to Aristotle, one needs to mention some of his considerations about the idea of happiness, or flourishing, as the supreme good. The Good is the objective, the purpose, the aim at which something or someone moves. According to the Greek philosopher: "Every craft and every investigation, and likewise every action and decision, seems to aim at some good; hence the good has been well described as that at which everything aims".8
To call something good is to consider that this objective is, under certain conditions, sought,9 and this end can be sometimes an activity, or a product of this activity, but in this case the outcome is considered better than the action itself. One might also consider cases in which the activity and the product are combined (for example, when a musician performs). Nevertheless, goods vary; as people, when in sickness, desire health to be happy, and when in poverty, seek money. But there is a good, beyond any specific good; something good in itself, something that is also the cause of all the other goods to be goods the supreme good, or flourishing.
It is for the sake of happiness, the end toward which everything and everyone move, that people engage in activity to pursue their goods. "And so, if there is some end of everything that is pursued in action, this will be the good pursued in action".10 Happiness is chosen for itself because it is self-sufficient, i.e., it lacks nothing, and the self-sufficient person is happy because her happiness depends on herself, not on external conditions.11 Also, while one can pursue pleasure or wealth to achieve happiness, one cannot pursue happiness in order to be rich or healthy.
Flourishing is best understood when the function of human being is clarified. The diversity of human functions (for example, to play the piano, to build houses, to make bread) could not account for what is specially unique about humanity as a whole. Thus, "the human function is the soul's activity that expresses reason or requires reason",12 because it is rationality that makes human beings unique compared to other species. Although the expression of reason cannot be linked to a specific function, it can be related to the excellence of the activity, i.e., how fine and well the action is performed. The function of an excellent pianist is to play well, of a builder to construct good houses, of a baker to make good bread. As MacIntyre articulates, "in man's exercise of his rational powers therefore the specific human activity consists, and in the right and able exercise of them lies the specific human excellence",13 or virtue. In this sense,
happy is a predicate to be used of a whole life. It is lives that we are judging when we call someone happy or unhappy and not particular states or actions. The individual actions and projects which make up a life are judged as virtuous or not, and the whole as happy or unhappy.14
As already mentioned, happiness for Aristotle is the exercise of virtues as well as to where they naturally move. The good man has pleasure in exercising virtuous activities, and so he is happy because he lives well and does well in his actions. That is why happiness is a general virtue or involves the expression of specific virtues; and also why pleasure does not have to be added to the life of the happy person.
Aristotle classified virtues in two ways of displaying rationality. Through the exercise of intellectual virtues (like wisdom and intelligence) we express rationality at best in itself; and also at best through activities that obey the precepts of reason (where one can succeed or fail) the moral virtues (like generosity, bravery, and temperance). Intellectual virtues mostly depend on explicit instruction; moral virtues, on habit. Thus, virtues depend on training, since a person becomes honest by acting honestly; and on continuity, as a single act of honesty does not make a person honest. Reason also provides the virtuous person with the ability to choose correctly among pleasures and pains, and this opportunity of choice indicates that virtuous actions are voluntary (as opposed to non-voluntary actions, based on compulsion or ignorance). Nevertheless, as MacIntyre highlights, Aristotle does not assert that we always act rationally, "but that the standards by which men judge their own actions are those of reason".15 It implies that the chosen behavior has an implicit purpose that identifies the actor as human, who knows what he is doing, and in whose behavior one can identify some principle of action. Virtues are displayed by actions that lead us to display those kind of actions. Thus the honesty that I identify when someone is acting honestly with me i.e., perception ruled by reason makes me act honestly, also in accord with judgment by reason (i.e., I act according its evaluation).
Understanding the Aristotelian concept of flourishing prepares the field for the search for true friendship. But before getting to the aforementioned quest, it is relevant to offer an overview of Aristotle's ideas on friendship based on virtue.
Friendship in Aristotle
Aristotle defines friendship as "a virtue, or involves virtue, and besides is most necessary for our life. For no one would choose to live without friends even if he had all the other goods".16 As for true friendship, he considers it as the greatest of external goods, which also include "wealth, political power, noble birth, good children, and specially honor" (as apart from goods of the soul and goods of the body).17 It requires mutual loving, or reciprocity, in the sense that both friends must desire goods for each other's sake, and not for their own personal sake. In this perfect friendship one also finds the functions of utility and pleasure, but to a lesser extent, for they are not enough to qualify a true friendship. According to Aristotle,
Complete friendship is the friendship of good people similar in virtue; for they wish goods in the same way to each other in so far as they are good, and they are good in themselves. Now those who wish goods to their friend for the friend's own sake are friends most of all; for they have this attitude because of the friend himself, not coincidentally. Hence these people's friendship lasts as long as they are good; and virtue is enduring.18
This sort of friendship lasts longer, because of similarity in virtues and unconditional love for the other person. At the same time, that is why these relationships tend to be rare, for rare are good people. Moreover, these friendships demand time, since, as the philosopher wisely alerts, "though the wish for friendship comes quickly, friendship does not".19
Since the good person is only virtuous through the exercising of virtues, which make flourishing possible, interaction with other people is necessary for the person to benefit from her own qualities, like honesty, for example. Assuming that human beings are by nature social beings, it is not possible to flourish in solitude. Likewise, the virtuous person finds happiness in the presence of her friends, who are friends because they have the same virtues. For Aristotle is referring to the unity of virtues, i.e., the good person has a complete set of virtues necessary for flourishing; so, if you have one, you have them all. It would be interesting to dedicate some lines to discuss the idea of a person possessing all virtues, and therefore the idea of the true friend as a mirror of the other's virtues.
Flourishing, friendship, and virtue
According to Flanagan,20 there are many good character traits available, and new social situations require, or even help, to develop new ones. As an example, Blum21 recently discussed the necessity, brought up by "new-old" social experiences, of analysing the virtues referred to by him as welcoming of blackness, civic racial egalitarianism and seeing other as individuals. MacIntyre also highlights the intrinsic relationship between moral trends and the changing characteristics of societies throughout history. As Flanagan exemplifies, charity did not belong to Aristotle's list of moral virtues, and friendship did not seem to be included in the concept of Christian charity. In fact, this relativity of the obligatory good traits of character shows that "there is no single ideal of moral personality suited for all times and places, and thus an ethics of virtue is no more capable than an ethics of principle of delivering an uncontroversial portrait of the morally excellent person".22
A current list of all the character traits would include a lot of virtues, different ones, even virtues with opposite nature (like serenity and vivaciousness). In accord with Flanagan, the idea of a person possessing all the known and possible virtues is a fantastic picture real human beings cannot correspond to this demand. "A better idea is that the fully virtuous person possesses some small set of virtues that are considered absolutely essential, and also possesses some other good qualities from the set of non-mandatory virtues".23 This proposal is more open for real persons to try to fit the ideal. Finally, if one considers that a moral person does not have all possible virtues, the situation will be the same for her friend. Thus true friends share some virtues, but taken together they can also have complementary virtues. In fact, there are friendships in which the individuals involved admire opposite virtues in one another.24
Flourishing arises through the activity that is performed and actualized. The activity of the good person is excellent and pleasant in itself, because "what is our own is pleasant",25 hence why the virtuous person does not need pleasure (in addition). But it is necessary to have virtuous friends because the good person is more able of observing others and their activities than herself and her own actions; she finds pleasure in the actions of her virtuous friends; and the good person decides to observe, in her virtuous friend, the virtuous actions that are familiar to her in the sense that they also constitute the person that she is.
True friendship
Both good people and bad people (vicious people) can have friendships of utility and pleasure, but only good people can find true or complete friendship, for amongst them there is trust, the belief that they would never do injustice to a friend. Indeed, there is a passage frequently quoted about this relation between friendship and justice: "If people are friends, they have no need of justice, but if they are just they need friendship in addition; and the justice that is most just seems to belong to friendship".26 In a discussion about friendship and justice in Aristotle, Sokolowski asserts that friendship is above justice, for "friendship ( ) crowns all the moral virtues, including justice; it surpasses justice and brings it to perfection".27 Moreover, "friendships are exclusive in a way that justice is not. We can be just toward everyone, but we cannot be friends with everyone".28
Friendships might come pretty naturally or effortlessly, depending on situations, on different personalities. Nevertheless, for Aristotle, true friendships require experience with the friend and getting accustomed to him, which are difficult tasks. That is also why these kinds of friendships are few. Moreover, "those who have many friends and treat everyone as close to them seem to be friends to no one, except in a fellow-citizen's way".29 Complete friendships require that the friends live together, i.e., they have things in common, they like the same things. The person perceives herself to be good and thus deserving to be loved. She also perceives her friend good and lovable (choiceworthy), and she wishes the same good for her friend, for, "in friendship, the well-being of each is the well-being of both".30 These perceptions are only active if they interact, because virtue comes from action. As Sokolowski puts it, "to be able to engage in true human friendship is the highest moral condition".31
The characterization of a true friend as an external good may not give the idea that the friend is only another self in the sense of a separate being, but that he is also another self in the sense that we share goodness, and share it in activity. As Pangle puts it,
a true friend, if he is another self, would seem not to be simply external to yourself but, in a deep sense, intertwined with one's own soul; a true friend is far more secure than goods that depend chiefly on fortune or public opinion; and most importantly, having a friend means at bottom not having a possession but engaging in an activity of the soul.32
However, if the good man has the capacity of being a true friend, i.e., this is an inherent feature of him, the detection of another person that matches his soul as another self may depend on good fortune.
In this direction, Flanagan highlights the distinction between the person that does not seek true friendships and the person that pursues that kind of relationship but does not find it. The former must be losing an essential component of a meaningful life. In the latter case, one needs to understand that the world does not always contribute to our aspirations. Thus, even so one can not find true friendships, the search for them must consist in one of the necessary conditions of a good life.
It is worth presenting Schollmeier's defense of perfect friendships as essentially altruistic relationships.33 Along with Jacquette,34 Schollmeier considers Aristotle's theory of friendship as an integral part of his ethical and political theories. Good friendships are essentially altruistic because they involve "good will and good wishes, reciprocated and recognized, for the sake of the happiness of another person",35 and they are only accidentally pleasant or useful for ourselves. And there is no paradox in saying that we find happiness through the happiness of our true friend, i.e., "the happiness of another is a good belonging to us",36 for now the friendship may sound egocentric. It is, in fact, altruistic when we realize that
another self is an actualization of Aristotle's moral principle in the character and activity of another person. That is to say, it is an actualization of happiness and virtue in another person. Another self is therefore a good, for someone who is happy has human goodness; and another self belongs to us, for we make other selves ours by helping them attain or retain their happiness. They become our work, so to speak.37
Aristotle's true friendship is possible only between good, virtuous men, alike in virtue, which excludes women, slaves, and also friendships among unequals in status, i.e., a superior person and an inferior person (father and son, man and woman, master and slave). Another contemporary feature that Flanagan links to true friendship is the fact that, although it requires similarity of interests, values, and intelligence, these relationships might occur with anyone: between men and women, parents and their children, and as aforementioned, between people with different but complementary character traits.
The truly happy person does not need friendships of utility, for she seeks moderation in material goods, and does not need too many friends of pleasure, for she already feels life is full and does not require more to light it up. Pangle criticizes this view as one looks at it with contemporary aspirations. The happy person would never feel the need we do to experience a lot of things that distract us from our work and problems, little amusements that we value in everyday life. Nevertheless, as Pangle puts it, despite the self-sufficiency of the happy person, Aristotle "leaves open a window for friendship to enter such a life",38 because the pleasures that the person finds can only be enhanced through the company of a friend, a true friend, of course. With respect to Pangle's view, Aristotle does not seem to mean that the good person does not need the little amusements that the author fears loosing enjoyable and or useful outcomes brought up by "lower friendships", but that the virtuous person does not need too many of these instead.
Jacquette proposes an interesting analysis about Aristotle's writings on friendship (books 8 and 9, Nicomachean Ethics). For Nicomachean Ethics seems a compilation of lectures, notes, or fragments of an essay that Aristotle did not intend to publish, the writings on friendship could be seen as apart from the other discussions (e.g., the discussion on justice). However, Jacquette argues for more attention to the role of friendship in the search for the answer of "why be moral?" and happiness pursuit, because books 8 and 9 are more important and are intimately linked to the rest of the work. More specifically, Jacquette tries to show how true friendship is a source of motivation to morality.
Jacquette points out that in several passages Aristotle explicitly mentions that friendship conduces to correct moral action, for it involves opportunity for exercising virtues. Friends help each other to be virtuous, and by doing so, they also help each other in realizing through activity each other's potential in the search for happiness. In addition, only virtuous persons can have true friendships, because they wish the good to each other for the friend's sake, not for any advantage or pleasure that could be gained from the relationship. In contrast, morally bad persons can only be friends if the friendship aims at obtaining pleasure or utility. In true friendships, virtuous persons choose only persons who are also virtuous, because virtuous friends encourage each other in the cultivation of virtue, perfection, or excellence of character. This is the basis and purpose of perfect friendships. The motivation that arises from this relationship works to overcome weakness of will, i.e., when the individual knows the right action but lacks adequate motivation due to frustration, fatigue, or conflicting interests. According to Jacquette, true friends help each other to achieve a morally good life in the search for happiness
by offering mutual assistance in achieving virtue, including mastering the will, setting positive examples for one another, instilling a sense of shame for real or imagined wrongdoing, and in these and other ways enabling each other to produce morally worthy actions.39
In conclusion, the author highlights that, in order to be worthy of perfect friendship, the natural human need and desire for social relationships motivate morally good actions: "For Aristotle, to be worthy of the highest type of friendship is intrinsically valuable in and of itself, because it is in this way that we achieve our greatest natural human potential as social animals".40
From Jacquette's analysis one can more explicitly identify functions of the true friend (beyond being only enjoyable and providing instrumental help), like encouraging, supporting, setting good (positive) examples, and preventing the friend from doing wrong (by shaming, persuading, or physically preventing), helping in overcoming weakness of will and reaching moral excellence in the search for happiness. In this sense, when Flanagan mentions that flourishing requires dealing with a constant tension between a moral and a meaningful life, and that a realist position involves reducing the conflit, one could add, along with Jacquette's lines, that the true friend helps his friends in diminishing that tension. Indeed, on his discussion about meaningful human lives at different degrees, Flanagan seems to keep friendship and morality together. The author states that "being moral, having true friends, and having opportunities to express our talents, to find meaningful work, to create and live among beautiful things, and to live cooperatively in social environments where we trust each other" are required for a meaningful life, that having only some of these requirements leads to a less meaningful existence, but lacking "all of these things, especially the first two, then our life is meaningless".41
Bukowski and Sippola42 state that Aristotle's true friendship requires the recognition of goodness in the other person, a greater appreciation or understanding of the other person for what she is. These special friendships also require the exercise of virtues like kindness, justice, and benevolence. Friendships of utility and of pleasure are sought for the benefits or enjoyment they offer, and so are described as self-centered friendships. They depend on specific events or circumstances, and cease when the ephemeral ends are no more present for changes in circumstances. On the other hand, as goodness and virtue are not linked to specific contexts, they maximize the longevity and intensity of friendships of the best sort, keeping them consistent through time and situations. In true friendship, it is necessary to recognize the virtues of the friend, and have them recognized by him, on us, as well. Acting with generosity, honesty, kindness, and loyalty towards your true friend is doing well to him,43 and the activity shifts its focus from oneself to the other person. Nevertheless, the action must come with pleasure, i.e., generosity is only truly present when on acting in conformity with this virtue the person feels joy. In the same way, one has a true friendship for the pleasure that comes from itself, for the friend is loved by who he is in the first place, not by any kind of trade-off that could come from the friendship. That is why friendships of pleasure are closer to true friendships than friendships of utility.
Final words
Looking at Aristotle's ideas of a happy person and of true friendships with a contemporary view, it is not difficult to question such ideals. As mentioned earlier, given the different social environments that can be found today, and the increasing interaction among them, both in great contrast with Aristotle's small and stable world of the Greek polis, his definition of flourishing needs revision, but need not to be discarded. Awareness of the diverse ways of flourishing according to distinct human habitats, as well as of the different ways that happiness has been defined throughout the centuries, stimulates the search for the necessary conditions for flourishing. As indicated by Flanagan, although being moral may be the only absolutely necessary condition of a meaningful and good life for human beings, the opportunity to exercise one's talents and interests, and the search for true friendships are also pointed out among the conditions for us to flourish.
One can also question Aristotle's idea of true friendships with contemporary eyes. As an ideal for people to pursue, these relationships seem to be an important feature for a happy life. But do people seek for this kind of relationship? Are these special friendships considered more important than regular ones? How do people define true friendships in contemporary societies? Given that contemporary life is filled with competition, rivalry, and loneliness, it is worth trying to look for answers to those questions. The search for the true friendship of today's interactions might then be a necessary, and meaningful, quest.
ARISTOTLE. Nicomachean ethics. Translated by T. Irwin. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985.
BUKOWSKI, William; SIPPOLA, Lorrie. Friendship and morality: (How) are they related? In: BUKOWSKI, W.; NEWCOMB; A.; Hartup, W. The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996. p. 238-261.
FLANAGAN, Owen. The problem of the soul: Two visions of mind and how to reconcile them. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
FLANAGAN, Owen. Varieties of moral personality: Ethics and psychological realism. Cambridge, Mass.; London, UK: Harvard University Press, 1991.
IRWIN, Terence. Glossary. In: ARISTOTLE. Nicomachean ethics. Translated by T. Irwin. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985. p. 385-432.
JACQUETTE, Dale. Aristotle on the value of friendship as a motivation for morality. The Journal of Value Inquiry, n. 35, p. 371-389, 2001.
MACINTYRE, Alasdair. A short history of ethics: A history of moral philosophy from the Homeric age to the twentieth century. 2nd ed. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998.
PANGLE, Lorraine. Aristotle and the philosophy of friendship. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
SCHOLLMEIER, Paul. Other selves: Aristotle on personal and political friendship. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994.
SOKOLOWSKI, Robert. Friendship and moral action in Aristotle. The Journal of Value Inquiry, n. 35, p. 355-369, 2001.
Artigo recebido em fevereiro de 2007 e aprovado em março de 2008.
1 I would like to thank Prof. Owen Flanagan for advising me as a visiting scholar at Duke University, North Carolina (Fall, 2003). This paper was written during the aforementioned visit, with the financial support of CAPES/PDEE (Estágio de Doutorado no Exterior), which was part of my doctoral studies, funded by CNPq, conducted at the Graduate Program of Developmental Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
2 FLANAGAN. The problem of the soul: Two visions of mind and how to reconcile them, 2002, p. 267.
3 Idem, p. 279.
4 Idem, p. 281.
5 Idem, p. 282.
6 Idem, p. 286.
7 ARISTOTLE. Nicomachean Ethics, 1985.
8 Idem, p. 1, i1.
9 MACINTYRE. A short history of ethics: A history of moral philosophy from the Homeric age to the twentieth century, 1998.
10 ARISTOTLE, p. 13, i7.
11 IRWIN, Glossary. In: ARISTOTLE. Nicomachean Ethics, 1985.
12 ARISTOTLE, p. 17, i7.
13 MACINTYRE, p. 62.
14 Idem, p. 63.
15 Idem, p. 73.
16 ARISTOTLE, p. 207, viii1.
17 PANGLE. Aristotle and the philosophy of friendship, 2003, p. 184.
18 ARISTOTLE, p. 212-213, viii3.
19 Idem, p. 213, viii3.
20 FLANAGAN. Varieties of moral personality: Ethics and psychological realism, 1991.
21 BLUM, Lawrence. Virtue and race. Seminar presented at the Philosophy Department, Duke University, North Carolina, 2003.
22 MACINTYRE, 1998, p. 11.
23 FLANAGAN, 1991, p. 10.
24 FLANAGAN, verbal information, 2004.
25 ARISTOTLE, p. 258, ix9.
26 Idem, p. 208, viii1.
27 SOKOLOWSKI. Friendship and moral action in Aristotle, 2001, p. 355.
28 Idem, p. 358.
29 ARISTOTLE, p. 263, ix10.
30 SOKOLOWSKI, p. 358.
31 Idem, p. 357.
32 PANGLE, p. 184.
33 SCHOLLMEIER. Other selves: Aristotle on personal and political friendship, 1994.
34 JACQUETTE. Aristotle on the value of friendship as a motivation for morality, 2001.
35 SCHOLLMEIER, 1994, p. 2.
36 Idem, p. 3.
37 Idem, p. 3.
38 PANGLE, 2003, p. 186.
39 JACQUETTE, 2001, p. 385.
40 Idem, p. 386.
41 FLANAGAN, 2002, p. 285, my italics.
42 BUKOWSKI; SIPPOLA. Friendship and morality: (How) are they related?, 1996.
43 Idem.


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Pedro Almodovar dipped his toe into science fiction with The Skin I Live In — although the film sort of dropped its science fictional conceit halfway through and then never returned to it. Now, he says he wants to make a straight-up science fiction movie, inspired by 1950s paranoid freak-outs like Invasion of the Body Snatchers — and this sounds like a pretty great fit for his psychotic "soap opera" sensibility.
Talking to Variety, Almodovar says:
I am still young enough to make a science fiction movie. I have ideas for this genre... The way I would like to do it is present something impossible in a real, domestic way. One of the scripts on my desk is of that genre, so I hope to make that.
But don't hold your breath — Almodovar says this could still be years away, because he develops projects slowly. The idea of doing a 1950s-style movie about aliens or monsters in a "domestic" way actually makes a lot of sense, given how much those films often relied on interiors. So fingers crossed! [Variety]


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Good Afternoon,
My name is Tim Finklea and I'm the Director for Member Engagement and Support at AACTE. I'm also staff liaison for the Holmes Program with AACTE. We're looking forward to seeing you and we have amazing program planned for you in Tampa.
I'm also attaching the agenda for the AACTE Holmes Program in Tampa. Please note the first day at 12pm on the agenda, The Holmes program will be switching rooms for lunch and joining the Diversified Teaching Workforce (DTW) Institute.


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It can take a long time to get something you want. I'd say I've been waiting about 15 years, and it's finally happened. We have two JDM cars sitting in our garage. For the past few months we've been on the roller-coaster ride of importing two cars from Japan. A 1989 Toyota Soarer Aerocabin, and a 1970 Toyota Crown Coupe (MS51). This is the story.
I'm lucky and found a girlfriend who shares my enthusiasm for the strange (you guys know her as Ferrero1911). We had to delay and re-route our planned Lada road-trip. So earlier this year we decided to move up another crazy idea we've been planning for a long time. Importing from Japan. These two were a trial run to make sure we wanted to go all the way. So far so good, and right now we're on track to officially be an importer and dealer by this fall.
We didn't want to sell these first two right away. The plan has always been to get the cars ready, and then get a couple road-trips out of them before they go. If you're buying 25-40 year old cars sight unseen you have to expect some surprises. We had planned to have our export partner deal with any major issues in Japan. That didn't work out quite as planned. I'll explain all that later, but those few extra surprises are what's had me working the extra hours in the garage the past couple weeks. I know you guys have been waiting to hear about this. Sorry it's taken so long...and be warned, this is going to be a long one.
Out of all the cars I've owned, the Aerocabin instantly became my favorite. It's just an amazing luxury coupe...and convertible! I keep comparing it to my old E46. It has an awesome digital dash, one touch driver power window, power folding mirrors, digital AC, steering wheel AC controls...the seats even have power lumbar and side bolsters!
If you noticed, it's wearing the SSR Reverse Mesh that Ferrero1911 found on craigslist. She's been heading up the restoration of those. She had the lips polished and the centers painted in a Toyota white to go with the car. Then we painted the hardware to match the body kit and reassembled them. We ended up getting some pretty meaty tires and have dubbed it 'Vintage Meaty Stance'.
The best surprise of the Aerocabin was the paint. The photo above shows it the best we can photograph it, it's a beautiful blue pearl over white. The pictures just don't do it justice. I can hardly believe it's factory. It's also in amazing condition. We've been over the whole car, and it has one ding. It has an interior to match too. It must have been garaged and meticulously cared for most of it's life. Nothing's brittle like every other 25yr+ car I've had. The only real wear is on the steering wheel and the drivers bolster. We're going to have that repaired, so both seats are perfect.
Unfortunately the car had some bad surprises too. Luckily we had strong compression, but the turbo was seeping badly and had some shaft play. The car ran great, but the turbo was a few thousand miles from turning the engine into a smoke machine. That's out for a rebuild now. While we're at it I'm having the injectors cleaned and flow tested, radiator flushed, changing the cooling hoses, replacing a bunch of seals, and changing the timing belt and water pump. The stock downpipe was pretty beat up from being one of the lowest points on the car, and it already has a very nice 3" exhaust, so we ordered a 3" downpipe to match. We'll throw on a high-flow catalytic converter to replace the worn out one that's on there now, and then we'll have a full 3" stainless exhaust turbo to tailpipe.
The other issue was the top. It didn't work. Mechanically it's fully functional, and right now I've bypassed the control computer and have it working on new switches. The problem with it is actually two-fold. All Aerocabins were delivered from the factory as automatics, but ours is a manual swap. Personally I prefer it that way. Since the Soarer was available with the R154 5-speed, it's an easy factory swap.
What does that have to do with our top? Well, to operate the top, you'll first need to place the transmission in Park. See where I'm going with this? Our car still has the automatic cluster. Probably left to preserve the odometer reading. The shot above is actually ours, and as you can see I've managed to trick it into thinking it's in Park. I'll tie that to the parking brake, so when you set it, you'll also be putting the car in 'Park'.
I still have another issue though. I've been translating the parts and wiring diagrams from the Japanese service manual, and I'm just a couple words short of having it done. After that it's just a matter of tracing the fault. It's actually a pretty simple system of 4 motors, about a dozen switches, and some relays. I have my suspicions as to where the fault lies, but I'll try to do a write-up on the top itself later.
We intend to make sure the cars we sell are always well sorted. You can buy a car from Japan a lot of ways. Our plan is to offer cars for sale after they're landed and prepped. I think there is a market for top condition, ready to go cars. That's exactly what this car will be. As it is, I'm pretty sure it's the best Aerocabin in the country. After I'm done, you'll be hard pressed to find a nicer one for sale anywhere.
This is already way too long, so I'll have to give the full write-up about the Crown later. We're happy because it looks even cooler in person than it did in photos. It's completely original, and all there. Nothings missing, not even the matching full size spare. Which still has a vintage Toyo bias ply tire on it. Unfortunately it came with surprises too. Mainly a couple liters of fuel in the oil, and a lot of sludge. We flushed it out, and tried to bring it back to life, but it only spun over a couple times before the cam seized. We've got a plan how we'll be sorting that though...
We are Bird (me) and Corinne (Ferrero1911)
We imported two cars from Japan and are working to set up our import business. We're writing about the experience on Oppositelock. To see all of the updates search the tag 'Imported from Japan'
For more photos check out Bird's website birdhasacamera.com
Update! Check out our company's website RoadtripMotorcars.com. You can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram to get the updates on our car builds, car shows, and road trips.


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Planned Maintenance: VoIP PlatformPosted: Tuesday, March 14th, 2017 at 16:43 by Adam Heath
We are planning maintenance work on the VoIP platform on both Tuesday 14th March and Thursday 16th March. Tuesday's work will be completed between 23:00 – 23:30 and users may experience some disruption initiating calls or a disconnection of any call in progress once the work has begun. Thursday's window will be confirmed via a further comment on this post upon completion of Tuesday's activity. In order to ensure the number of users affected is at a minimum, we are looking to complete any maintenance work outside of peak times.
Any further related maintenance after Thursday will be notified via it's own independent post.


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Now we can see where we shoot, we shoot more often and shoot more rounds at each outing. Fellow shooters using our targets had much the same experience. With their urging, we have decided to make them available.
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Milwaukee Fatherhood Initiative tries to help dads become better parents
On the heels of Father's Day comes an effort in Milwaukee to help more men be a part of their children's lives.
WISN 12 News' Portia Young took part in an event to help dads out.
Friday morning, a panel discussion was held at the Parklawn YMCA as part of the Milwaukee Fatherhood Initiative.
Since 2006, the program has connected fathers with resources like job training, health screenings and education to help them become better parents.
In the United States, more than one-third of children do not have a biological father present in the home.
Young had the honor of moderating the discussion, where men who have children, and some who do not, offered solutions to a complex problem.
"I think some of the issues, when you deal specifically with father absence, it's like generational, if a guy didn't have a father in his life, nine times out of 10, that's how he's going to go into his family life," said Terence Ray of the Milwaukee Fatherhood Initiative
If you are a father, or know someone who needs help getting back into his child's life, call the Milwaukee Fatherhood Initiative at 414-286-5653.
In Milwaukee, poor driving records have been identified as a barrier for men struggling to become better fathers.


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If you remember the old Superman TV series, you may recall Lois Lane driving a Nash Rambler similar to this 1951 Rambler Custom Landau. It was an apt choice for the Daily Planet reporter: easy to park, thrifty with gas and, in 1951, quite affordable at $1933. And that was for the grandly named Custom Landau convertible, distinguished by a cloth roof that furled like the door on a roll-top desk.
Classic Convertibles Image Gallery
The 1951 Rambler Custom Landau also offered the popular hardtop coupe.
See more pictures of classic convertibles.
The Rambler also looked tubby in the way of period big Nashes, but it was America's first successful compact. Nash president George Mason loved small cars, and he made sure buyers liked Ramblers by insisting on big-Nash features like rattle-free (if rust-prone) unitized construction, Weather Eye heater, and a dull but proven 172-cubic-inch L-head six with 82 horsepower. Early Ramblers even had the same skirted front wheels as big Nashes, which only made for super-size U-turns for Lois when chasing bad guys on the crowded streets of Metropolis.
The 1951 Rambler Custom Landau's engine was nothing fancy,
but it got the job done.
The 1951 Rambler Custom Landau was the perfect choice for a style-minded
go-getter on a budget.
For more classic convertibles of the 1950s, see:
For more information on all kinds of cars, try these:
- Classic Convertible Cars: See profiles on more than 70 classic convertibles.
- Muscle Cars: Get information on more than 100 tough-guy rides.
- Consumer Guide New Car Reviews: Looking for a new car? Get the Consumer Guide rating.
- Consumer Guide Used Car Reviews: Considering a used car purchase? You'll want to check the Consumer Guide used car rating.


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"The Once A Day Protease Inhibitor Regimens"
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00242216
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : October 19, 2005
Results First Posted : October 17, 2013
Last Update Posted : January 15, 2014
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Atazanavir (ATV) and fosamprenavir (fAPV) are new protease inhibitors that can be administered once-a-day and boosted with ritonavir (r). Prior studies have demonstrated that both are effective in treatment of ARV-naïve HIV-infected people. This study was designed to demonstrate if a HAART regimen containing ATV/r is not inferior to a HAART regimen containing fAPV/r, in ARV-naïve patients over a 96-week period.
This is a phase IV, single center, randomized, open label, 2-arm clinical trial in ARV therapy-naïve patients with HIV-1 RNA >1,000 copes/mL and CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3. Patients will be randomized to receive tenofovir and emtricitabine plus either ATV (300mg qd) and ritonavir (100mg qd) or fAPV (1400mg qd) and ritonavir (200mg qd).
|Condition or disease
|HIV Infections
|Drug: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir Drug: ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir
|Phase 4
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|76 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|"PIQD: The Once a Day Protease Inhibitor Regimens." Ritonavir Boosted Atazanavir vs. Ritonavir Boosted Fosamprenavir Used in Combination With Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve Patients.
|Study Start Date :
|May 2004
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|March 2010
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|March 2010
Active Comparator: Atazanavir oral once daily
HIV treatment
Drug: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir
100 mg ritonavir plus 300 mg atazanavir in combination with tenofovir-emtricitabine fixed dose combination given once daily.
Other Name: Reyataz plus Norvir
Active Comparator: Fosamprenavir oral once daily
HIV treatment
Drug: ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir
100 mg ritonavir plus 1,400 mg fosamprenavir in combination with tenofovir-emtricitabine fixed dose combination given once daily.
Other Name: Lexiva plus Norvir
- Proportion of Patient With Viral Load Less Than 400 Copies/mL [ Time Frame: 24 weeks ]
- CD4 Cell Count Change From Baseline During Treatment. [ Time Frame: 24 weeks. ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18 years of age or older.
- Patient agrees to participate in the study by giving written informed consent.
- Documentation of HIV infection.
- No prior treatment with any anti-retroviral agent.
- CD4 cell count < 350 cells x mm3 or with an AIDS defining condition.
- Viral load > 1,000 copies/mL
Exclusion Criteria:
- Less than 18 years old.
- Current pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Any previous antiretroviral regimen.
- Severe hepatic impairment that precludes the use of either study drug. This will be defined as any laboratory value of Grade 3 or 4 on the ACTG scale.
- Use of any contra-indicated medication as defined in the package insert for each drug.
- Any condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, precludes successful participation in the study.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00242216
|United States, Texas
|Thomas Street Health Center
|Houston, Texas, United States, 77009
|Principal Investigator:
|Roberto C Arduino, MD
|The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Other Publications:
|Responsible Party:
|Roberto Arduino, Professor - Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|October 19, 2005 Key Record Dates
|Results First Posted:
|October 17, 2013
|Last Update Posted:
|January 15, 2014
|Last Verified:
|December 2013
HIV-1 infected people
Antiretroviral treatment-naïve
ARV Treatment Naive
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Atazanavir Sulfate
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-HIV Agents
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors


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Tuesday's Superleague Scores
Submitted by pete on October 24, 2007 - 15:54
Denis Kazionov did not play in Novokuznetsk's 3-2 loss to Novosibirsk.
Neither Evgeny Artyukhin nor Albert Vishnyakov played in Omsk's 4-3 shootout victory over Spartak.
Alexei Glukhov had a goal and 2 penalty minutes in Cherepovets' 3-0 shutout victory against Yaroslavl.
Vasily Koshechkin dropped to 3-9-1 on the year in a gutwrenching 1-0 loss to Nizhnekamsk. Dimitri Kazionov was scoreless in the match for Ak Bars.
Anton But was scoreless in St. Petersburg's 4-1 loss to Khimik.
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by Michael Caruso
Chestnut Hill's Woodmere Art Museum presented Emlyn Ngai, the concertmaster of the baroque instruments ensemble Tempesta di Mare, in a solo violin recital Sunday, April 28, in its acoustically resplendent rotunda. Playing on both a baroque, gut-strung violin and a metal-strung modern instrument, Ngai proved himself equally at home on both instruments and in both older and newer music.
Ever since I heard pianist Andras Schiff perform a recital using his own Hamburg Steinway for Bach and Beethoven and his own Bosendorfer for Mozart and Schubert, I've often wondered why violinists can't manage the far easier task of bringing along two violins for a recital, using a baroque instrument for baroque music and a modern violin for late romantic and modern pieces. I can't speculate why others don't, but I admire Emlyn Ngai for doing so in Chestnut Hill.
Ngai opened the recital with Thomas Baltzar's Prealudium & Allemande on his baroque violin. The Swedish-born Baltzar score includes two Preludes rather than the one its title lists. It's a gem of baroque elegance and exquisitely expressed emotion. Ngai caught its lyrical eloquence in playing that eschewed a wide, romantic vibrato but poignantly projected its melodies with an aristocratic tremolo on the long-held notes.
Switching to a modern violin, Ngai projected the pyrotechnics of Eugene Ysaye's "Obsession" Sonata No. 2. Once again, his playing was technically beyond reproach, but even more impressive was his ability to leave the intimacy of the baroque behind in favor of the virtuosity of the romantic. Ngai was equally at home in the nostalgia of Fritz Kreisler's "Recitativo & Scherzo." And, returning to his baroque violin, he offered one beautifully played encore – the Sarabande from Bach's "Partita in D minor."
The full Tempesta di Mare will present its "Great Books" concert 4 p.m. Sunday, May 12, in the Presbyterian Church of Chestnut Hill. Music by Purcell, Telemann, Rameau and Charpentier will be performed. Visit tempestadimare.org.
The Choir of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Chestnut Hill, welcomed choirs from Christ Church, Alexandria, Virginia, and Church of the Redeemer, Bethesda, Maryland, for a festive Choral Evensong
Sunday, April 21. The combined chorus, numbering nearly 100, sang music by Parry, Neary, Davies, Brewer, Ives and Moore.
The afternoon's two major works were Herbert Brewer's settings of the "Magnificat" (My soul doth magnify the Lord) and the "Nunc Dimittis" (Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace). The music of the "Magnificat" is powerful while that of the "Nunc Dimittis" is sweet and gentle, although both works conclude with a stentorian setting of the final words of the "Glory be to the Father." Zachary Hemenway, St. Paul's music director and organist, led the choir with precision and passion, establishing exquisitely chiseled balances between the voices and smoothly blended tones from all parts. The final Choral Evensong of the liturgical season at St. Paul's Episcopal Church is scheduled for 5 p.m. Sunday, May 12.
The Philadelphia Orchestra's music director, Yannick Nezet-Seguin, returned to its podium May 3, 4 and 5 to conduct a program featuring "Love Scene" from Strauss' opera, "Feuersnot," Korngold's "Violin Concerto in D major," with Curtis Institute of Music alumna Hilary Hahn as soloist, and Mahler's First Symphony. Although the three scores and the performances they received were not completely beyond reproach, Saturday night's concert underscored the young maestro's gift for energizing both the orchestra's playing and the audiences.
The Violin Concerto calls upon some of the music Korngold composed for the movies, but he fashioned the material into a convincing, if not profound, classical concerto for violin and orchestra.
The Strauss struck me as a complete waste of effort and time, displaying the composer's penchant for serial modulations for no apparent reason. On the other hand, Mahler's First Symphony is a masterpiece, and Nezet-Seguin led a thrilling rendition for an audience that responded ecstatically.


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Selected publications according to topic
From levifaur
(→Selected Publications on Regulation & Governance)
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Levi-Faur, David, [[media:reg.pdf| Regulation and
Levi-Faur, David, [[media:reg.pdf| Regulation and ]], in: Levi-Faur, David (Ed), Handbook of the Politics of Regulation, Edward Elgar, Forthcoming 2011.
Revision as of 09:51, 5 March 2010
Selected Publications on Regulation & Governance
Levi-Faur, David and Jacint Jordana, The Rise of Regulatory Capitalism: The Global Diffusion of a New Order, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, VOl. 598, No. 1, 2005.
Levi-Faur, David, Varieties of Regulatory Capitalism: Sectors and Nations in the Making of a New Global Order, Governance, Special Issue, 2006, Vol. 19, No. 3.
Jacint Jordana and David Levi-Faur (Eds.), The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Governance Age, Edward Elgar and the CRC Series on Regulation, the University of Manchester, May 2004
Jacint Jordna, D. Levi-Faur and Xavier Fernandez, The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies & the Restructuring of the State, Comparative Political Studies, Forthcoming 2011
John Braithwaite, Cary Coglianese, and D. Levi-Faur, Can Regulation and Governance makes a difference? Regulation & Governance , 2007, 1 (1), 1–7.
Levi-Faur, David, Regulation and Regulatory Governance, in: Levi-Faur, David (Ed), Handbook of the Politics of Regulation, Edward Elgar, Forthcoming 2011.
Europeanization: Selected Papers
Levi-Faur, David, On the 'Net Policy Impact' of the European Union Policy Process: The EU's Telecoms and Electricity Industries in Comparative Perspective, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2004, pp. 3-29.
Jacint Jordana, David Levi-Faur and Puig Imma, The Limits of Europeanization: Telecommunications and Electricity Liberalization in Spain and Portugal, Governance, 2006, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 437-464.
Levi-Faur, David, The Politics of Liberalization: Privatization and regulation-for-competition in Europe's and Latin America's Telecoms and Electricity industries, European Journal of Political Research,Vol.42(5), 2003, pp. 705-740
Levi-Faur, David, The Governance of Competition: the interplay of technology, economics, and politics in the making of the European Union electricity and telecom regimes,Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 19, No.2, 1999, pp. 175-207.
Levi-Faur, David, Governing the Dutch Telecommunications Reform: Regulation, deregulation and re-regulation within the context of European Policy Regime,Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1999, pp. 102-122.
Diffusion Studies and Global Public Policy
Orit Gertzek-Rapport, D. Levi-Faur& Dan Miodownik, The Puzzle of the Diffusion of Central Bank Independence Reforms: Insights from an agent-based simulation, Political Studies Journal, Forthcoming, November 2009.
Levi-Faur, David, Herding towards a New Convention: On herds, shepherds, and lost sheep in the liberalization of the telecommunications and electricity industries, Politics Papers, Nuffield College, W6-2002
Jacint Jordna, D. Levi-Faur and Xavier Fernandez, The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies & the Restructuring of the State, Comparative Political Studies, Forthcoming 2011
Israeli Political Economy and Public Policy Papers
Levi-Faur, David The Visible Hand: State-Directed Industrialization in Israel, Yad Ben-Zvi, Jerusalem, 2001. [Hebrew]
Levi-Faur David, Sheffer Gabriel, Vogel David (eds), Israel: The Dynamics of Change and Continuity, Frank Cass, 1999.
Levi-Faur, David, From Private to Public Electrification: A Study of the Context, Factors and Policy Process that Led to Nationalization of the Palestine Electricity Corporation Cathedra, No. 105, September, 2002, pp. 111-150. [Hebrew].
Levi-Faur, David, More Competition More Regulation: The Israeli Communications Revolution and the Role the State, Politika: The Israeli Journal of Political Science and International Relations, No. 4, December 1999, pp. 27-44 [Hebrew].
Levi-Faur, David, The Developmental State: Israel, South Korea and Taiwan Compared", Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 33, No. 1, 1998, pp. 65-93.
Levi-Faur, David, A Bittersweet Land: Israel in Comparative Perspective, Israel Studies, Vol. 1, 1996, 294-303.
Levi-Faur, David, "State and Nationalism in the Israeli Political Economy, Israel Affairs, Vol. III, Spring 1996, pp. 143-154.
Levi-Faur, David, Nationalism and the Power of Business; The Manufacturers' Association of Israel, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Vol. 14, 1996, pp. 193-209.
Levi-Faur, David, "Economic Policy and Nationalism", Cathedra, No. 77, 1995, pp. 139-160, [Hebrew]
Levi-Faur, David, "Building the Israeli State Sector; The Case Study of the Palestine Potash Ltd, Economic Quarterly, Vol. 41, July 1994,pp. 263-293, [Hebrew]
Levi-Faur, David, "The Dynamics of the Liberalization of the Israeli Telecommunications: Policy Emulation and Policy Innovations Outside the Joint-decision Trap", In: Eliassen Kjell and Sajovaag Marit, (eds), European Telecommunications Liberalisation, Routledge, 1999, pp. 173-190
My papers on comparative research designs
Levi-Faur, David, Comparative Research Designs in the Study of Regulation: How to Increase the Number of Cases without Compromising the Strengths of Case-Oriented Analysis, In: Jacint Jordana and Levi-Faur David (Eds), The Politics of Regulation, Elgar and the Centre on Regulation and Competition, University of Manchester.
Levi-Faur, David, A Question of Size?: A Heuristic for Stepwise Comparative Research Design In: RIHOUX, Benoמt and GRIMM, Heike (Eds) Innovative Comparative Methods for Policy Analysis, New York, Springer/Kluwer, 2006, pp.43-66.
Levi-Faur, David Varieties of Regulatory Capitalism: Getting the Most of the Comparative Method, Governance, 2006, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 367-382.
Friedrich List and the Political Economy of the Nation State
Levi-Faur, David Friedrich List and the Political Economy of the Nation-State, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 4, 1997, pp. 154-178.
Levi-Faur, David, Economic Nationalism: From Friedrich List to Robert Reich, Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, 1997, pp. 359-370.


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Sharp, the longstanding Japanese TV and monitor maker, has just gotten a lifeline from Qualcomm. It's a big one—to the tune of over $120 million—around a 2.6 percent investment in the company.
Last month, as we reported, the company sustained a ¥249.1 billion ($3.12 billion) loss for its latest quarter, the second year it had suffered record deficits. The company still holds about $10 billion of debt.
But now, the San Diego-based firm, through its Pixtronix subsidiary, will work with Sharp to develop new power-saving screens. According to the Wall Street Journal, Qualcomm's tech (known as microelectromechanical systems or MEMS), when combined with Sharp's indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) tech, could be a big improvement over the traditional silicon-based screens. The result will be much lower power demands, as well as increased resolution and sensitivity.
However, analysts seem to suggest this is too little, too late.
"This investment is good news for Sharp," Hideki Yasuda, an analyst at Ace Securities Co. in Tokyo, told Bloomberg. "However, it won't have sufficient impact to improve the company's situation dramatically. It's only symbolic."
Mitsushige Akino, a Tokyo-based chief fund officer at Ichiyoshi Asset Management Co., also told Bloomberg that Sharp needs much more cash before it can adequately compete.
"Even if 10 companies invested 10 billion yen each in Sharp, it would still only be 100 billion yen. It's meaningless."
The Wall Street Journal also cited unnamed sources who said Intel and Dell may be eyeing a stake as well.


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Breathable football sock with padded protection and support
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- Quality: 92% Polyamide /5% Cotton /3% Elastane
The ideal football sock for practice or training, the over-knee FUNDAMENTAL FOOTBALL SOCK comes with moisture management and zonal cushioning to provide performance comfort and impact protection on the field. Furthermore, these hummel® football socks feature arch support and padded ankle protection for comfort and stability during a practice or game. An obvious pick!
Item no.. 022137-6100


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Of the many images that characterize the Holocaust in modern memory, the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps ("Auschwitz") are among the most recognized and enduring. From the "Arbeit Macht Frei" [Work Makes You Free] inscription on the gate above the entrance to Auschwitz to the gas chambers of Birkenau, these sites are universally identified with the Nazi atrocities and horrors of World War II.
Present day discourse is not, however, limited to the historical significance of Auschwitz. On-going and highly charged debate surrounds both the preservation of the concentration camp sites and protection of the surrounding area. These controversies affect not only the integrity of the former concentration camp sites, but also Poland's development as a democratic state in the post-communist era and its relations with the international community.
Preservation of Auschwitz is an extremely sensitive and visible issue, involving international, national, local, and religious interests. Careful consideration of the historical and current legal status of Auschwitz provides a neutral and rational framework for discussing these multi-faceted and contentious matters. The key to resolving these issues lies in a comprehensive plan that takes into account international concerns while recognizing the sovereignty of the Polish State, the important role of the Catholic Church and the needs of the local community. Existing legislation and international agreements, if strengthened and enforced, provide a sufficient legal framework for the protection of Auschwitz.
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Jenoff on Managing Memory: The Legal Status of Auschwitz-Berkenau and Resolving Conflicts in the Post-Communist Era
Managing Memory - The Legal Status of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Resolving Conflicts in the Post-Communist Era -- an interesting take on reconciling the various interests that come into play with memorialization -- has just been posted by Pam Jenoff, Rutgers School of Law Camden. It appeared in The Polish Review, Vol. 46, No. 2, p. 131, 2001. The abstract is very short, so here are is the Introduction:
Posted by Mary L. Dudziak at 8:34 AM
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ROCHESTER — The Tri-City region sustained harsh conditions amid Thursday's storm, with much of northern Strafford County recording more than a foot of snow.
The National Weather Service (NWS) estimated wind gusts were as high as 40 to 50 mph near the Seacoast. Dover had up to a foot of accumulation in some areas, while Portsmouth experienced heavy rain for the day. Meteorologist Chris Kimble said Thursday evening Rochester had 12 inches of snow, with things winding down around 6 p.m.
Earlier in the day, Rochester police reported they were increasing their presence in the community, in an effort to get drivers to slow down and be careful in the snowy weather, according to Sgt. Patrick Emerson. A parking ban was also in effect throughout the day, to ease the removal of snow by the city's Department of Public Works.
Emerson said since the snowfall began, the Lilac City had four accidents which appeared to be caused by the inclement weather. All four incidents involved single vehicles with no injuries.
He said at approximately 5:05 p.m., a vehicle in East Rochester crashed into an Aroma Joe's kiosk on Highland Street. Two vehicles slipped off roadways in the afternoon, one on Farmington Road and another in the Burger King area on Twombly Street. And in the early hours of Thursday morning, Emerson said, a vehicle slipped off the road on Highland Street.
"That's not an excessive amount of accidents," said Emerson. "I'd like to think people are being careful."
At approximately 12:30 p.m., NWS meteorologist Tom Hawley reported the communities near Conway would accumulate the most snow with about 16 inches, but noted Strafford and Barrington were expected to gather their fair share with about 10 inches of snowfall. Lebanon, Maine, was expected to have about 12 inches.
In Farmington, where Kimble said snowfall was about 12 inches as well, Police Lt. Jay Drury reported only one vehicle incident on Ridge Road, with one car going off the road earlier in the day. He described the accident as fairly minor.
Around that time, the New Durham Police Department reported many residents appeared to be staying off the roads and no accidents had been called in. Similarly, the Wakefield Police Department reported an overall slow and quiet day.
Hawley added this nor'easter was "nothing out of the ordinary."
"I think it's just a normal run of the mill storm, really," he said.


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This is a beautiful Replacement infant Car Seat cover made with only the finest fabrics. You design what color fabrics you want where, or order as is. This minky owl cover can be made with any of the solid minky swatches provided in my other pictures and we also have several animal fabrics available to choose from. For girls, we can add a satin ruffle to the canopy cover at no additional cost to you. Boys we add the cording as shown in our picture 2.
These are heavily padded replacement covers that will be more comfortable for your child than the cover that came with the seat. All seat belt holes are reinforced to prevent any fraying or wear and tear on your cover. These covers are made to last. After your little one grows out of it, we can assure you that this is definitely a hand me down due to the quality.
To order as is, click our listing. Please make sure to put car seat brand in notes at checkout. Please also state any custom details I need to know.
Toddler car seat covers are also available.
Please make sure to read all policies and shop info before making purchase. Our turn around is clearly stated in several places. If you have a time sensitive order, contact us before placing the order to make sure we can accommodate you. There is a 2 day (48 hour max) window for order cancellation from the date the order is placed. After 2 days, if you contact us to cancel your order, there is a 15% cancellation / restocking fee.
We ship packages USPS, UPS, or FedEx with delivery confirmation. You will be able to track your package the minute it ships. We are not responsible for any packages that show delivered on tracking status that buyer claims did not deliver. We can not control packages being delayed by USPS, UPS, or FedEX. If you purchase priority mail or express guaranteed shipping to guarantee on time arrival and the item is delayed by shipping carrier, we will waive our no return policy and accept a return, prepaid by our company, and issue you a full refund upon receipt and inspection of the product.
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
We stand behind our product... If your item(s) arrive and are defected or damaged, we will gladly repair and cover shipping fees if time allows for correction. You must contact us within 24 hours of receiving product with pictures of defect.
We do not accept returns, offer exchanges, or offer refunds. All of our items are made to order and considered final sale.
Please ask ALL questions relating to sizing, etc before making your purchase.
Hello World! Hoping this announcement finds you all well. Effective as of 3/17/2020 we are at a 4-6 week production time. Some CLOTHING items may ship sooner. If your order is time sensitive, please contact us BEFORE placing your order to see if we can accommodate you. Most of our suppliers are closed through June.
Aug 6, 2018