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Judge not-- unless you're J. Harvie Wilkinson
Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson admits he was disappointed he didn't get the nod for the U.S. Supreme Court when his name was bandied about as a nominee in 2005 and he was interviewed by President George Bush. "For a little while, I really felt very sorry for myself," Wilkinson told the audience at the UVA Law School March 28, and in fact, he enjoyed a brief wallow in self pity.
Then one day, "I looked in the mirror and thought, 'Jay, you make a hell of a poor victim,'" said the federal judge on the Fourth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals. Wilkinson, a UVA law grad/prof and Charlottesville resident, gave the Henry J. Abraham Distinguished Lectureship on "A View from the Bench" as part of the 14th Virginia Festival of the Book.
Wilkinson, who was appointed to the federal bench in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, said abortion or any other single issue should not be a litmus test for a federal judge. "I honestly don't think we're a partisan group," he observed, while noting the skepticism that came from the Bush v. Gore decision, in which conservative justices ruled for Bush. "We just rule case by case."
He said he's never witnessed a judge swapping a ruling on one case in exchange for a vote on another. "There's none of that horse trading one would see in the political process," he said.
Although he's a well-respected jurist, Wilkinson said, "My kids though it very boring that I wasn't a firefighter."
He acknowledged that being a judge is a "monastic" life, exemplified by his uniform. "Maryland has red robes," he said. "They're beautiful. Those of us with black robes envy them."
The uniform of the black robe is not to bully or intimidate, Wilkinson said. "It's to help me. It reminds me of our highest aspirations."
And he urged his fellow jurists to think of those outside the court system and "not take our own sweet time" in rendering decisions, but to stress "promptness, courtesy, and consideration."
Part of the monastic life of a judge is not being able to dine with friends if they have a case coming before him. Wilkinson tries to avoid running red lights, and if someone cuts in front of him in the line at the grocery, "As a judge, you do not want to create a scene," he said.
Even though he estimated that those who sit on the bench could be making 10 times their salaries in private practice, there's one very real perk when someone asks him to help raise money: "It's a relief– I'm ethically prohibited from fundraising," he confided to the Law School crowd.
In the 24 years since he's been on the bench, "I encountered a world I never dreamed of," he said. He cited the impact of the Internet, AIDS, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. "Who could have anticipated 9-11 and the questions that came from that horrible day?"
And with issues such as bioethics, pandemics, and global warming, he ponders what judges will have to deal with in 2030.
Despite the monastic life and financial sacrifice of the legal giants who sit on the bench, Wilkinson has no regrets about how his role helps others. "It's a good feeling when you put your head on the pillow or drive home," he said.


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Go Viking: Winter 2013
A message from President Rob Oliver
At Augustana, we make an effort, in classes, in Chapel and in our conversations with each other, to remember the suffering and death of the ultimate servant, Jesus Christ. We are reminded time and time again of this special gift to humankind and we celebrate the power God gives us to share our gifts in ways that connect us to others through word, thought and deed.
In this issue of Go Viking, we recognize those who are using their God-given gifts to stir the hearts and empower the minds of others through the performing, visual and literary arts — and in doing so, are building the connections our world needs to develop ideas, find solutions and experience joy.
These special people are using their gifts to offer us inspiration and wonder through visual works of art; entertain our minds and our senses on movie screens; and captivate our hearts through music and song.
By living out their God-given talents, they are helping to weave the fabric of our futures. When we discover our connection to art, or books, or film or music, our perspectives grow and the shape of our thoughts change.
You'll meet artist Kiel Mutschelknaus, class of 2007, who is exploring ways to create art using technology; professional opera singer Lindsay Ammann, class of 2006, who is using her gifts to bring joy to others; and rising filmmaker Andrew Kightlinger, class of 2008, whose passion for storytelling comes alive on the screen. We'll introduce you to Augustana students Ali Goers and Brad Ostendorf, two of many students who've told us they're interested in sharing their Augustana experiences with prospective students to help "spread the word" about all the good things that happen here. And, finally, you'll meet the newest member of our Augustana family, Jerry Olszewski, the new Viking football coach who will use his gifts to impact the lives of young men, helping them become the best student-athletes they can be.
We hope you enjoy this collection of stories about a great group of people we feel blessed to be connected to.
Since 1860, the stories of renowned teachers, nurses, lawyers, writers, entrepreneurs, doctors, artists and researchers have begun at Augustana.
Soon, you'll begin the next chapter in your life. Where do you want your story to take you?
At Augustana, you'll be encouraged to Go Viking. That means we'll be here to help you explore and discover the bold concepts and important ideas you'll need to write your life story and create a better tomorrow.
I encourage you to visit us to learn more about what life is like at this great place we call Augustana. When you're on campus, stop in for a visit — I'm looking forward to talking with you!
Rob Oliver

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In consultation with the incoming ULS chair, to select program topic and speakers (in keeping with the ACRL President's focus), secure program and budget approval from ACRL, and respond to all program proposal detail requests (eg room size, AV needs) from the ALA office for preliminary and final program copy for the annual conference program.
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Use arrow keys to control image slide
2020 Toyota Camry Hybrid LE CVT
Stock #200698
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Penn Pal Price
|Bluetooth Connectivity
|Back-up Camera
|Cruise Control
|Fuel Efficient
Fuel Efficiency Rating
City MPG
Highway MPG
Based on 2020 EPA mileage ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your mileage will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery-pack age/condition (if applicable), and other factors.
Standard Features
- Head Airbags - front and rear
- Passenger Airbag Deactivation - occupant sensing deactivation
- Side Airbags - dual front and dual rear
- Knee Airbags - dual front
- Side Curtain Airbag Rollover Sensor - side-curtain airbag rollover sensor
- 2nd Row Center Seatbelt - 3-point belt
- Spare Tire Mount Location - inside
- Spare Tire Size - temporary
- Exterior Camera - rear view camera
- Overall Length - 192.1
- Minimum Ground Clearance - 5.7
- Overall Height - 56.9
- Wheelbase - 111.2
- Overall Width Without Mirrors - 72.4
- 1st Row Vanity Mirrors - dual vanity mirrors
- Exterior Mirror Adjustment - power
- Number Of Driver Seat Power Adjustments - 8
- Height Adjustable Driver Seat - height adjustable
- Driver Seat Adjustable Lumbar - power adjustable lumbar support
- Height Adjustable Passenger Seat - height adjustable
- Number Of Passenger Seat Manual Adjustments - 6
- Tire Pressure Monitoring System - tire pressure monitoring
- Trip Computer - trip computer
- Clock - clock
- External Temperature Gauge - external temperature display
- Front Air Conditioning - automatic climate control
- Air Filtration - interior air filtration
- Front Air Conditioning Zones - dual
" My sales person Joni Glantz was very knowledgeable, VERY patient, and friendly when explaining the navigation system and other features in my recently purchased car. "
" My husband and I went to Penn Toyota to purchase my dream car, a VW beetle. We were fortunate enough to have Joni help us with the purchase. She was friendly, helpful and knowledgeable. We would highly recommend Joni and Penn Toyota. "
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How will this affect V-chips?
DTV won't affect parental controls like V-chips. You will be able to use them the same way you do now.
The V-chip is a technology that enables parents to block television programming based on a program's rating. The ratings are encoded within the television signal. The V-chip reads the encoded rating information of each program and blocks shows according to the parents' blocking selections.
FCC rules require that V-chips be built into digital televisions and other DTV reception devices just as they are in analog televisions. You can learn about the ratings system, also known as "TV Parental Guidelines," at www.fcc.gov/vchip.


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Here at San Francisco Public Library our children's librarians use children's literature and other library resources to encourage a life long joy of reading and the opportunity for personal development.
Join Us!
Get a library card! It opens up an exciting collection of books, magazines, and other materials specially selected for children through age 13. With your new library card you can borrow any of the following from one of our 28 locations: board books, picture stories, readers, fiction, non-fiction, folklore, audio cassettes, videocassettes, magazines, and guides to selecting books and other materials for children.
Ask Us!
Children's librarians know books and children. We offer: reading recommendations, reference and research assistance, guided tours and specialized programs for groups and classes, presentations about children's literature and library services, Children's Story Line for ages 3-5 in English, Spanish, Mandarin and Cantonese.
Join In!
Our libraries provide more than books. The children's librarian in each library presents a variety of events: preschool storytime, infant-toddler lapsits, craft programs, puppet shows, film programs, special performer, storytelling, citywide book-related events, and the summer reading programs.


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EICCD Foundation
The EICCD Foundation was established in 2005 to support initiatives benefitting the entire EICC district. The foundation is primarily focused on support of Continuing Education-related programs.
We are proud of the impact our donors have on key programs at EICC:
- Test fees, study materials and transportation assistance for students in Adult Basic
Education/GED programs at the West Davenport Center
- Videos, manikins and automated external defibrillator training equipment for our CPR
training programs
- Materials and equipment for workforce training programs at the Blong Technology Center
- Training props, classrooms and other equipment for training public safety and rescue
personnel at the Midwest Center for Public Safety Training
- Supplemental funding for the Eastern Iowa Small Business Development Center
- Acquisition of real estate for key district priorities, including a new West Davenport
Left: Firefighters and training supporters from throughout the region turned out for
a beautiful day of golf in support of EICC's Midwest Center for Public Safety Training.
Right: Ron Iossi, founder and director of the annual Midwest Center for Public Safety Training golf outing, gives the troops their marching orders in preparation for a shotgun start at Palmer Hills Golf Course in Bettendorf. In its sixth year, the golf outing saw its largest field ever and raised record funds to support training programs at the MCPST in northwest Davenport.


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Interesting point about horses picking their own way at their own speed when barefoot. I certainly notice Harley doing that, especially on gravel/rock terrain and later in the summer as things harden up. I may have to boot him up behind.
What happens when a horsemad Ould Wagon moves from Cork to Provence with 2 horses, 2 dogs and a Long Suffering Husband? Why, she gets a third dog, discovers Natural Horsemanship à la Française, starts writing short stories and then discovers a long-buried talent for art, of course…
Finally, a horse post for my horse readers.
About six weeks ago, the horses were moved into a different paddock with two new buddies, MuMu and Mali.
This paddock is BIG – three or four acres. The water is at one end and the shelter and hay feeders are at the other, so the horses have to walk to and fro, which is ideal for barefoot hooves.
There is a variety of terrain – flat alpine meadows…
gravelly stretches…
and rocky outcrops…
all ideal for exposing barefoot hooves to a variety of surfaces.
The rain has finally stopped and the ground has dried out, and I've seen a big change in Flurry and Aero's hooves as a result of the new pasture and the weather.
Eric the farrier was out last week. What with visitors and my trip to Ireland, it was at least three weeks since I had touched either horses' hooves, so I said "yes please" when I was asked if I wanted him to do The Boys.
He was really pleased with Flurry. He trimmed him alright, but he said his feet were great and gave them a big thumbs up.
Then it was Aero's turn. Aero was mostly good too, but I think I need to keep on top of them better than I have been. There's a little white line stretching going on, and at the toe of one of his hind feet, there is grit starting to work its way in, making it stretch even more. Even worse, though, is that bloody abscess that plagued us last summer. It had almost grown out, but because there was a great big hole inside his hoof, it's now collecting grit as well, keeping the white line open and stretched at that point and giving cause for concern.
There's a risk it will get infected once again from the foreign material working its way into the hoof. Eric pared it right back, but I have to keep it clean and spray it with a tarry substance which I don't have. I'm thinking of packing it with Antiphlogistine (a medicated Kaolin paste) instead – I think that will help it stay clean, while allowing it to breathe, move and grow. Anyone got any thoughts as to whether that would work or not?
The LSH and I rode out a couple of days after Eric's visit and decided to try them both without hind boots.
Flurry strode out like a champion, oblivious to the rocky trail, and Aero was excellent, too, although he wasn't keen on trotting on very rocky ground. We were both so impressed with Flurry that the LSH stopped half way and removed his front boots.
It made no difference at all – he continued to stride out boldly.
Two days later, we did a circuit that has a particularly long, rocky stretch. Flurry was barefoot throughout, although his front boots were hanging from the pommel just in case he needed them.
I have a theory, rightly or wrongly, that a barefoot horse should be allowed to make his own decisions. Pick his own way over rocky ground. Go at his own pace. This is something that is taking Aero a while to figure out. All his life, he has pretty much been told where to put his feet and how fast to get them there. Now he has to figure it out for himself. He's learning, but he still makes mistakes and goes "OUCH!," especially if he gets excited or distracted.
Flurry has the idea, though. The LSH didn't rush or nag him, and he made his way carefully through the worst of the rocky ground with not the slightest hint of an "ouch."
The rest of the ride was the usual mix of "not too stony…"
…and fairly stony.
He marched out confidently the whole way.
Is he finally becoming independent of his boots?
Hoof Photos
Interesting point about horses picking their own way at their own speed when barefoot. I certainly notice Harley doing that, especially on gravel/rock terrain and later in the summer as things harden up. I may have to boot him up behind.
They must be loving all the open space. That is great letting your horses find their own way on the rocky ground. What better test as to how they are handling things comfortably.
Love the progress you have made with your barefoot horses. So amazing! And that new pasture is perfect 🙂
I have heard great things about the tea tree oil and coconut oil, as well.
I also nominated you for the fun little Liebster Award. Check it out back at my blog 🙂
I also nominated you for a Liebster Award on my blog – great minds think alike Allison.
Love this blog – I'm delighted to see their feet looking so well. Do you rasp them yourself normally between farrier visits?
I agree with you that if you let the horses pick their own way they will travel more confidently.
Anja recommends this http://www.myholistichorse.co.uk/hoof-stuff-3-p.asp for filling the gaps and holes in the hoof, I haven't tried it yet but am about to.
I have had very good success treating separation like Aero has using Tea Tree oil and cotton. Clean the are very well using a nail or such (a nut-pick works great, make sure you clean right down to healthy white line), use a dropper to treat with oil, stuff cotton (from cotton balls) tightly into crevices and saturate with more oil. If the crevice is deep, like Areo's, the cotton will stay in for weeks if you let it. I generally try to repeat at least once a week until it grows out. As the hoof improves, it will be able to outgrow the crevice.
One other suggestion about the contracted heels…use your rasp to put a slight bevel on the very back of the heel. It will encourage the heels to de-contract and strengthen the buttresses. It has worked every time I have tried it so far.
And Flurry's hooves are beautiful!
Just wondering would this Magic Cushion be any good for Aero? http://www.behindthebitblog.com/2013/05/magic-cushion-rileys-friend.html
I'm actually thinking of trying it on one of our TB's if / when he gets footsore later this summer.


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70 – Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, opens a full assault on Jerusalem and attacks the city's Third Wall.
1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Grudgingly.
1863 - Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson died of pneumonia a week after losing his arm when his own troops accidentally fired on him. Maybe if he hadn't stonewalled them, his troops wouldn't have shot him. He gave them the cone.
1869 - Peeps from the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah, and drive a golden spike into a rail line that connects their railroads. This made transcontinental railroad travel possible for the first time in U.S. history.
1893 – The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Nix v. Hedden that a tomato is a vegetable, not a fruit. Don't freak out, the ruling applies only to the interpretation of the Tariff Act of March 3, 1883, and the court did not purport to reclassify the tomato for botanical or other purpose.
1924 - J. Edgar Hoover is named acting director of the Bureau of Investigation (now the FBI), he wore a dress to the occasion.
1940 - Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, is called to replace Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister following the latter's resignation after losing a confidence vote in the House of Commons. Diplomacy + the Nazis = didn't work out.
Also today, 'Ol Nazi Hess parachuted into Scotland, hoping to negotiate peace with Britain, through the Duke of Hamilton, whom Hess claimed to have met at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Such a peace would have prevented Germany from fighting on two fronts. Instead, he went to the Tower of London, and had the honor of being the last man held there under guard.
1994 – John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer was put down.
1996 – A wicked, awful storm near the summit of Mount Everest kills eight climbers, making this the deadliest day in the mountain's history. Among the dead are experienced climbers Rob Hall and Scott Fischer, both of whom were leading paid expeditions to the summit.
1999 – Shel Silverstein, American poet and composer was eaten by a Boa Constrictor. He narrated it.
2002 – F.B.I. agent Robert Hanssen is given a life sentence without the possibility of parole for selling United States secrets to Moscow for a lot of cash and diamonds.


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Day: 3
Today was our first day on the town. Words will not express what we saw today. I thought New York and Chicago were big. They are nothing to compare. This is city has 2- of the tallest buildings in the world. It has 20-million people, it is modern, clean, and beautiful. Just a few years ago, 25% of all the construction cranes in the world were hear building sky scrapers. They have the arts, convention centers, culture. I see them being denied anything. My fellow representatives and I were speechless as we looked over the city and as far as we could see... all we could see were sky-scrapers.
On to our experience, we had an American breakfast but we had a very traditional lunch and dinner. Later, Garrett and I cut our group loose and went behind the local tourist shopping district. We wandered the alleys and visited the very "local" shopping sites. "Boy oh Boy" this was an experience. And last night as the rest of our group went to the room, Garrett and I stayed down town and walked the streets and visited a district known for and abundance of music stores. This city is weird, all stores with similar products group in the same shopping area. There were tons of music stores and hundreds of pianos, guitars, brass instruments and traditional Chinese instruments. We priced a tall acoustic bass for Garrett. I think it was $300 American dollars?? But it would not fit our suit-case.
We are still not adjusted to the time difference. The whole group is up at 5:00 A.M. Chinese time (or 4:00 A.M. the day before Kenton time) and dog tired by 9:00 P.M. Chinese time (or 8:00 A.M. Kenton time). I think it will take a few days before we are ready to do much hanging out at night!
There is something to say for this economy and this government. Things run very smooth and efficient. China is nothing like I expected. From standard American eating places and hotels to the "home-grown" Chinese business, they have taken what we do and are now doing it better. I see no repression or un-happiness. Shanghai is nothing like I could have imagined.
- -- Posted by tnwinelady on Tue, Jul 12, 2011, at 7:23 AM
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"Surpassing the Master" (師を超えるとき, Shi o Koeru Toki) is episode 156 of the Naruto: Shippūden anime.
Naruto continues his training to master Sage Mode, but this time without any oil. In the meantime, Taka finds out that J has been following them and so they kill him. His partner reports this to the Fourth Raikage which he decides to send in a platoon to rescue Killer B, and also calls up on Team Samui. As the Kumo shinobi infiltrate the hideout, Taka is already gone, and all that is left is J's body. Then the Fourth Raikage gives Team Samui a message to Konohagakure to be given to the Hokage that Kumogakure will deal with Sasuke Uchiha and tells that he will hold a Five Kage Summit among the Five Great Kage Nations and screams "The Akatsuki will not be Forgiven!". Naruto then starts to practice more senjutsu.


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AE911Truth Petitions Canadian Government to Investigate Scientific Evidence of WTC Demolition
Today on The Truther Girls, I will be talking to Richard Gage, AIA. Richard is a San Francisco Bay Area architect, a member of the American Institute of Architects, and the founding member of AE911Truth. He has been a practicing architect for over 20 years and has worked on most types of building construction, including numerous fire-proofed steel-framed buildings. Most recently he worked on the construction documents for a $400M mixed-use urban project with 1.2 million square feet of retail, parking structure, and 320,000 square feet of mid-rise office space—altogether about with 1,200 tons of steel framing.
Mr. Gage became interested in researching the destruction of the WTC high-rises after hearing the startling conclusions of a reluctant 9/11 researcher, David Ray Griffin, on the radio in 2006, which launched his own unyielding quest for the truth about 9/11.
Today, we will be discussing the official explanation of the WTC collapse versus the evidence that the event was a controlled demolition. We will also be talking about the new petition AE911Truth is submitting to the government of Canada, asking for a an investigation of the new scientific evidence surrounding 9/11, including the presence of explosives as discovered in the chemical residue of the WTC dust and the evidence found by AE911Truth that points to the WTC collapse as having been the result of a controlled demolition.
For more on the petition, see my previous post on my interview with 9/11 eyewitness David Long here.
You can also visit ottawatruthseekers.ca for more information.
Listen live to our interview today, January 26, 2012 at 2:00 pm EST at americanfreedomradio.com
download the archive at americanfreedomradio.com/TrutherGirls_12
chat room: truthergirls.chatango.com


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A few days before leaving for Peru, in 2006, to paint plants, my travel partner informed me I would be traveling solo. Disillusioned, alone on a flight from Seattle, Washington, into Lima I read in its entirety Inés of My Soul by Isabel Allende. Above the cloud line I soared south as a clear defining moment, mid-book, took place, I want to do this, write stories like this, for the book, its characters and subject matter captured and entranced me. A calling crystallized in my psyche: to write historical fiction. To give voice to the voiceless. To tell stories of those that go unheard, which often times are the tales of heroic women, minorities, and animals.
With this epiphany I landed in Peru.
My first night there I was awakened by a fistfight as two drunks pummeled each other against MY DOOR. I fled Lima. And headed for the jungle town of Pullcalpa, along the Ucayali River in the Peruvian Amazon. I was in search of the environmental painter and Ayahuasca shaman Don Pablo Amaringo. As I was painting endangered, medicinal, and exotic plant species of the Americas, I wanted to meet and talk with this profound painter and teacher. I found him, in his mid 80's with his guitar playing older brother, age 88, in the noisy motorcycle tuk-tuk riddled town. It was an ethereal experience, listening to his brother play while Don Pablo Amaringo showed me his astonishing works, explaining them; all painted in bright colored acrylics of mystical jungle scenes that appeared to him while in the embraces of two vines that make up the hallucinogenic Ayahuasca drink.
After this soulful encounter I headed north by transport ship up the Ucayali River, in search of plants to paint. The boat's top deck was laden with supplies for the river villages and I convinced the crew to allow me to pitch my tent amongst the goods. Their only requirement was that I not get up and walk around at night. I agreed to this, which meant forfeiting access to the head, but I knew I could resort to a mountaineering trick: peeing in a water bottle in the dark of my tent, luckily, I had two with me.
Later that night I found out why I could not walk around at night.
A series of shots exploded off the sides of the vessel; I watched tracers of white light streak across the nylon walls of my tent. Laying flat upon my Thermarest, I came to the conclusion and assumption that the crew was fighting off raiders wanting to board, for what I presumed had to do with drugs. Cocaine. Petrified I stayed in my tent, eventually peeing in my open-mouthed water bottle.
Then in the last hours of darkness there was a rustling at my tent door. Fear, then anger grew inside me, the only thing on my mind: rape. Someone continued to aggressively shake at my tent's zipper door, and I unzipped slowly, readying myself to meet my aggressor.
"You need to pay for your boleto," the ticket collector said. God I thought, is that it! you're not going to try and rape me! In the dark of the early morning, happy this man seemingly was not going to try to physically assault me, I am thinking, damn, but do I really need to pay for my passage at this crazy hour? I produced the money. He left. But sleeping was now impossible. So began my four-day float up the Ucayali to my next stop, the jungle locked town of Iquitos, Peru.
I spent my hours aboard spying into the jungle landscape and watching the voluminous boiling water. Verdirness on all side. Until we arrived and the captain drove the flat bottom boat up the mud bank, wedging it between a fleet of already-beached cargo and passenger boats, pigs at the trough. Again, I was greeted by the noisy Indian imported tuk-tuk, and I longed for the sounds of the forest and to start painting. I needed a guide. With three other jungle seekers and now found guide, we boarded an outboard boat loaded with five days of supplies, and motored to the mouth of a small tributary, bunking up for the night at a local's palm roofed house. The next day we paddled a dugout canoe up a narrow waterway clogged with lime-green water hyacinths and dangling vines that over hung the channel's edges.
I sketched as we traveled.
The heat stifling, I struggled to draw until we reached, late in the day, a light bulb shaped water opening where we made camp on high ground, later, swimming in the bulbs center to avoid the crocodile. Slowly, the truths of the place began to be revealed. Our guide explained to us that here, where we were camped, was some of the last remnants of primary rain forest just off the main waterways of the Ucayali and Amazon; as for centuries Europe and now other countries have been extracting the once seemingly unlimited hardwoods from this place. It then dawned on me, that all the forest I had seen coming up the Ucayali those four days was second growth forest.
On Christmas Day, the forest was alive; as we back-tracked the slue; ten pairs of yellow and blue macaws, tiny black and golden monkeys, and a sloth, saw us out of the primary jungle. A magnificent Christmas present.
Back in Iquitos, alone again, I took lunch along the riverside, malecón, boardwalk. As I walked I noticed the decaying, but beautiful, tile work that adorned the facades of the buildings. And I asked myself, why is this tile work here in the middle of the jungle? How did it get here? Thinking, this is something one would see in Spain or Portugal.
A torrential rain fell as I ate and pondered these questions, water running down the two steps, a small falls that cascaded into the subterranean eatery, housed in an old tiled mansion. I then realized, the gorgeous dark hardwoods in the churches of Europe, black jacarandá wood pews and altars, that wood came from here: the Amazon. Tiles were imported into the jungle for the rich European wood exporters to display their wealth; an exchange of one natural beauty for a man made one. It is from this realization and my continued curiosity that the creation of Cut From The Earth was sparked. And what I found in my investigating was a story far greater and more tragic than I had known, with the stories of many voices begging to be told.
Cut From The Earth is born of the love of azulejos, specifically Portuguese tile, and the awe inspiring Amazon whose tales, wonders, and tragedies are as endless as its waterways.


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Regular price
Enjoy your next DIY Project with easy to use vinyl removable stencils. Great for painting your own home decor and accessories. Gives you the versatility to paint clean crisp lines for signs, pillows, and apparel.
Quote: BlessedMeasures: 3.5 x 15.75 inches (fits perfect on a 4x16 inch Pine Wood Board)Other: One time use only, not reusable.Material: Made of vinyl.
Cut to size or be create and apply to fabric, glass or wood of any dimension.


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(Updated March 2020)
Total generation (in 2017): 164.3 TWh
Generation mix: 65.7 TWh (40%) nuclear; 65.2 TWh (40%) hydro; 17.6 TWh (11%) wind; 13.8 TWh (8%) biofuels & waste; and 1.8 TWh (1%) fossil fuels.
Import/export balance: 19.0 TWh net export
Total consumption: 127.3 TWh
Per capita consumption: 12,600 kWh in 2017
Source: International Energy Agency, Electricity Information 2019. Data for year 2017
Reactors operating in Sweden
Sweden's individual electricity consumption is very high at approximately 12,600 kWh/yr per capita on average. In 2017, Sweden generated 164 TWh, of which 66 TWh (40%) was from nuclear and 65 TWh (40%) from hydro. Wind provided 17 TWh, various fossil fuels 3 TWh, and biofuels & waste 12 TWh. Total capacity at the end of 2017 was 40 GWe1. By law, grid operator Svenska Kraftnät must ensure there is about 2000 MWe winter reserve capacity.
Electricity imports and exports vary according to season, with Finland, Norway and Denmark providing the main traffic. In 2015, net exports were 22.6 TWh; in 2016, 11.7 TWh; and in 2017, 19 TWh.
The state utility is Vattenfall AB, and private utilities include E.ON Sweden AB and Fortum Oy (majority-owned by the Finnish government).
Up to the late 1960s, there was a focus on hydro electricity to power Sweden's industrial growth. In 1965, it was decided to supplement this with nuclear power, to avoid the uncertainties of oil prices and increase the security of supply. The policy was reinforced by the oil shocks of the early 1970s, at a time when Sweden depended on oil for about one-fifth of its electricity and electricity demand was increasing by 7% per year. Hydroelectric output depends very much on seasonal precipitation, varying from 78 TWh in 2000 to 66 TWh in 2017.
In the mid-1970s, the nuclear push became a political issue, and 1977 legislation was passed to ensure proper waste management. This provided the basis for Sweden's world leadership in management of used fuel (particularly for those countries not reprocessing it).
Sweden has been an enthusiastic supporter of measures to improve world environmental quality. Among many others, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Sweden committed itself to stabilise carbon dioxide emissions at 1990 levels by 2000, and this was reaffirmed in 1995 at the first Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Berlin. The fact that those levels in 1990 were only 60% of those of the 1970s was due to nuclear energy replacing most oil for electricity generation.
Following announcements that four reactors would close by 2020 due to declining profitability, representatives of E.On, Vattenfall and Fortum met with the energy minister in November 2015 and warned that the operating environment for energy production in Sweden is "troubling" and in the medium term nuclear generation should not be taken for granted. Fortum said that while "nuclear safety is always our first priority, …. heavy safety investments together with Sweden's unique capacity tax pose a negative, totally unreasonable burden on nuclear power." (See sections below on the capacity tax and individual plants.)
In mid-2016, as a corollary to repeal of the capacity tax, the government said it envisioned (but did not require) all the present operating nuclear reactors to be shut down by 2050. This would require significant dependence on imported power such as from Finland's nuclear plants, and would deprive Norway of back-up for its hydro in dry years.
In 1947, the government established an atomic energy research organization, AB Atomenergi. The country's first experimental reactor, R1, was commissioned in 1954. Then, in 1956, a commission recommended development of a nuclear power program also producing heat. Atomenergi commissioned two test reactors – one 50 MWth (R2) reactor and one 1 MWth (R2-0) reactor – located near Nyköping in 1960 to further this goal. (They were operated by Studsvik AB and shut down in mid-2005. Areva is contracted to dismantle them by 2019.)
In 1964 Atomenergi and Vattenfall together commissioned the small (65 MWth and 10MWe) Ågesta heavy water reactor to deliver heat and a little electricity to Stockholm. It operated until 1974. The two organisations then started to build the larger (140 MWe) R4 Marviken heavy water reactor supplied by ASEA, but the project was aborted just before fuel loading.
Following a proposal for a small boiling water reactor (BWR), a Sydkraft-led consortium (OKG AB) ordered a 460 MWe BWR unit – Oskarshamn 1 – from ASEA in 1966. This was the first western light water reactor designed and built without requiring a licence from US vendors. It started up in 1972.
In 1968, Vattenfall ordered Ringhals 1, a 750 MWe BWR from ASEA, and Ringhals 2, an 800 MWe PWR from Westinghouse, in order to compare the technologies. Two further PWRs were built at Ringhals.
In 1969, OKG ordered Oskarshamn 2 and Sydkraft ordered Barsebäck 1 with an option for unit 2, all from ASEA Atom. In the 1970s Vattenfall cooperated with other utilities to build the Forsmark nuclear plant.
Six reactors entered commercial service in the 1970s and six in the 1980s. The 12 reactors were at four sites around the southern coast. One Barsebäck unit closed in 1999 and the other in May 2005. In 2015 it was decided for economic reasons (see Nuclear capacity tax, below) not to complete upgrades to Oskarshamn 2 and to declare it permanently shut down. Sweden now has nine nuclear power reactors providing about 40% of its electricity from 8849 MWe of capacity. Nuclear power produced 77.5 billion kWh in 2004 (51% of total electricity production), 61.3 billion kWh (42%) in 2008, and 61.5 billion kWh (38%) in 2012. The percentage changes from year to year depending on hydro resources following winter precipitation.
Sweden's electricity imports have normally balanced exports, with a small net flow in from Norway and out to Finland. In 2005 – a good year for hydro – net exports were 7 billion kWh mainly to Finland and Denmark, while in 2006 – a poor year for hydro – net imports were 6 billion kWh. In response to Sweden's uncertainty, Finland is building a fifth nuclear reactor there. It has recently increased the capacity of its two Swedish-built nuclear reactors by 23% and that of the others by 11%. A new 800 MWe undersea transmission line was built to enable export of electricity to Sweden from Finland's new Olkiluoto reactor.
In connection with debate on closure of Barsebäck (see Appendix 1: Barsebäck Closure) in the late 1990s the government imposed a capacity tax on nuclear power, at SEK 5514 per MWth per month, which worked out at about 2.8 to 3.0 ore/kWh (€0.30-0.32 cents/kWh) potentially produced, penalising nuclear relative to other sources. In January 2006, the tax was almost doubled to SEK 10,200 per MWth per month (about €0.6 cents/kWh then). Early in 2008, it was further increased by 24% to SEK 12,684 per MWt (about 60 SEK/MWh) from 2008 – total SEK 4 billion (€435 million, meaning about €0.64 cents/kWh). This is equal to double the staff cost and makes up about one-quarter of the operating cost of nuclear power in Sweden, though in November 2015 Fortum put the proportion at 60% of operating cost. OKG says it amounts to about 20% of its revenue.
In 2014 the new government proposed to raise the tax to SEK 14,770 per MWt per month, or about SEK 70/MWh (€7.50/MWh), and this featured in the April 2015 budget, with parliamentary approval in June. The nuclear industry was then paying about SEK 4.5 billion in tax annually and called for its abolition. After a long process of appeal through Swedish courts, the European Court of Justice in September 2015 ruled that the tax did comply with EU laws.
Vattenfall said that the tax took its operating costs to 32 ore/kWh (€3.4 cents/kWh) and in April 2016 the Vattenfall CEO said: "Abolishment of the nuclear tax is needed in order to secure continued operation of our nuclear power plants... Combined with falling electricity prices, the current nuclear tax is contributing to a critical situation in which none of our reactors are profitable."
After months of negotiation, in June 2016 a framework agreement was announced by the Social Democrats, the Moderate Party, the Green Party, the Centre Party and the Christian Democrats, which will see the tax phased out over two years from 2017. It also allows for the construction of up to ten new nuclear reactors at existing sites, to replace plants as they retire. The Liberal Party and the Left Party withdrew from negotiations and were not party to the agreement.
Vattenfall said that with the abolition of the tax it aimed to reduce its generating cost to SEK 190/MWh (€20/MWh) by 2021, from over SEK 300/MWh in 2014-15.
Sweden also has a very high tax on CO2 emissions: €120/tonne according to Energia.fi.* Wind and biomass are generously subsidised with a certificate system.
* IEA tabulates SEK 2626/t carbon tax on coal, which works out to about SEK 1.13/kWh or about the same per kg of CO2 (EUR 12.5 cents).
The government worked with the utilities to expand nuclear capacity to replace the 1200 MWe lost in closure of Barsebäck 1&2. By the end of 2008, some 1050 MWe had been added to the ten surviving reactors, and by mid-2014, 569 MWe more had been added.
Beyond that, the Swedish grid operator Svenska Kraftnät, in a long-term development plan published in October 2012, noted that the construction of new nuclear generating capacity at Forsmark or Oskarshamn would present problems. It concluded that the Ringhals site would be the most convenient location of any new nuclear power in Sweden. In July 2012, Vattenfall had submitted an application to the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) concerning the replacement of up to two of the existing Ringhals reactors with new ones, but without any firm plans to do so.
Vattenfall in May 2013 announced plans to invest SEK16 billion (€1.87 billion) between 2013 and 2017 in modernizing and upgrading the Forsmark and Ringhals plants, as majority owner of both. With the two operating companies, it assessed the additional investments needed to operate the three Forsmark units and Ringhals 3&4 for up to 60 years.
In January 2014 Vattenfall launched a decade-long public consultation on building new nuclear plants, centred on the Ringhals site where the two oldest units there were expected to close in the mid-2020s, but now the plan is 2019-20 due to curtailed investment (see below).
In October 2014 the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) announced that by 2020 all operating Swedish reactors must have a "robust permanent installation that includes power supply and systems for pumping of water and an external water source independent of those used in existing emergency cooling systems." This requires substantial engineering.
Ringhals applied to the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) for a major uprate on the 915 MWe unit 3, on the basis of steam generator replacement already undertaken, and more to follow as low pressure turbines were replaced in 2007. Early in 2008, it was operating at 985 MWe net. In August 2008, work was completed to allow it to operate at 1050 MWe pending approval by SKI's successor, the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM). In May 2009, SSM approved test operation at 1045 MWe, and this increased to 1062 MWe by 2012. A further uprate to 1105 MWe is envisaged.
On the older Ringhals BWR unit 1, a 15 MWe uprate was completed in 2007, with another 15 MWe following in 2012. Unit 2 however was downrated by 60 MWe in 2007 to near its original power. The operational life of these two units was curtailed due to low wholesale prices compounding the tax burden on them, and Vattenfall decided to close them in 2020 and 2019 respectively. They produce about 12 TWh/yr, about 8% of Sweden's total.
Ringhals 4 had a 30 MWe uprate following replacement of its low-pressure turbines in 2007. Exchange of high-pressure turbines and steam generators in 2011 and other work was expected to yield a further 240 MWe, but this did not eventuate at the time. In January 2015 SSM approved trial operation at 175 MWe higher power level.
The total uprate for Ringhals plant was 305 MWe over 25 years to 2014, though potentially some 660 MWe could have been obtained.
In April 2015, Vattenfall, as 70.4% owner, announced that, due to declining profitability and increased costs exacerbated by the nuclear tax, it proposed to close Ringhals units 1&2 by 2020 instead of 2025 as previously planned, despite recent expenditure on improving safety. In September 2015 Vattenfall said: "Market conditions and the impact of the high output tax have prompted us to limit investments in Ringhals 1&2. The investment decision, which had to wait while talks with E.ON were under way, will not be subject to review." Ongoing investment projects that would have been implemented from 2017 onwards would cease. The final decision to decommission the reactors early was confirmed by the board of directors of the Ringhals plant in October 2015 with E.ON reluctant consent. Ringhals 2 was shut down in December 2019.
At Forsmark, uprates of around 8% were carried out at each unit in the 1980s. In 2004, low pressure turbines were replaced in unit 3, giving a 30 MWe uprate, and the same was done for units 1&2.
A major uprate program was announced in 2004 by Forsmarks Kraftgrupp. This planned SEK 13 billion ($1.8 billion) program would have added a further 410 MWe to the plant. Following a series of safety concerns, including an incident in July 2006 (see section below on Regulation and safety), the uprate program was delayed.
Upgrading work then began in the latter half of 2009 on unit 2, which would lead to a capacity increase of 120 MWe. This was completed in April 2013, taking capacity to 1120 MWe (1158 gross) at a cost of SEK 1 billion ($118 million). It has been operating at that level since.
The plan was for Forsmark 1 to be uprated by 120 MWe in mid-2011; and unit 3 would get a new SEK 900 million generator in 2014, which would contribute to a 170 MWe uprate. However, following problems with the work carried out on unit 2, it was decided in November 2010 to indefinitely postpone the upgrading of units 1&3. In mid-2014 the high-pressure turbine of unit 3 was replaced, resulting in 17 MWe more power. In November 2014 the company decided to uprate unit 1 by 114 MWe (from 1022 MWe gross) if grid upgrade could be agreed with Svenksa Kraftnat, and to abandon plans to uprate unit 3 (from 1212 MWe gross). In June 2016 Vattenfall's board decided to install independent core cooling systems in the three Forsmark reactors, as required for operation past 2020, with other upgrades. In September 2016 the head of Vattenfall said that the company expected to operate the three Forsmark reactors for a full 60 years.
In 2005, SKI approved a 250 MWe uprate of the Oskarshamn 3 reactor, to 1450 MWe gross, this was confirmed by the government in January 2006, and in September 2009 SSM approved test operation at the uprated level. The SEK 3.2 billion (€313 million) project involved turbine upgrade by Alstom as well as reactor upgrade, and will extend the plant's life to 60 years. A further three-month upgrade was in mid-2014. In mid-2017 SSM set new conditions for ageing management at the plant, to be implemented in January 2018 and January 2019.
In mid-2009, OKG announced plans to uprate Oskarshamn 2 by 185 MWe and extend its life to 60 years. This was approved by SSM in April 2010 and was then expected to be completed in 2015. After the 638 MWe unit was taken out of service in June 2013, this target date for the final phase of work was then deferred, and in June 2015 postponed indefinitely due to reduced demand. Major work including new turbines has been proceeding more slowly than expected and the unit was to be offline until at least the end of 2015. It was to start delivering the higher power – a 28% increase from 661 to 850 MWe gross – about 2017.
Then in June 2015 majority owner E.ON said it would close unit 2 by 2020, since it has been "in great need of modernization and replacement of components to extend its operating life." E.ON added: "It would require large investments to Oskarshamn 2 to meet new requirements for core cooling which take effect after 2020." In October 2015 it confirmed that the reactor would not be restarted.
Oskarshamn 1 has had three renovations and uprates, in 1995, 1998 and 2002, but in 2012-13 its capacity utilization was low, apparently due to turbine features. In June 2015 OKG applied for permission to permanently shut down the reactor at an unspecified date, but majority owner E.ON said that that should be between 2017 and 2019. In February 2016 OKG decided it would be mid-2017, and it was closed down in June.
E.ON Sweden said: "The conditions for the electricity market have changed significantly in recent years. Historically and permanently low electricity prices, combined with increased output tax on nuclear power, and additional requirements for extensive investments create profitability issues, particularly for small reactors such as Oskarshamn 2." OKG echoed this in October, saying that "there are no prospects of generating financial profitability either in the short or the long term" at either unit 1 or 2.
Finland's Fortum, which owns 45.5% of the Oskarshamn units, said that "contrary to E.ON's view, we believe that it is possible to continue production from Oskarshamn units 1 and 2 until the end of their planned operational lifetimes." Furthermore, "the recent modernization investments in Oskarshamn 2 have been carried out with a target to continue production until the end of the unit's lifetime and with increased capacity. Considering the investments made, as well as our strong expertise as a nuclear operator and a global service provider, we see that there are other measures [that could be] taken to ensure safe and reliable production at Oskarshamn 2 till the end of its planned lifetime."
The Three Mile Island accident in the USA resulted in a decision to call a public referendum in Sweden, to remove the issue from the election campaign late in 1979. The 1980 referendum canvassed three options for phasing out nuclear energy, but none for maintaining it. A clear majority of voters favoured running the existing plants and those under construction as long as they contributed economically, in effect to the end of their normal operating lives (assumed then to be 25 years). Parliament decided to embargo further expansion of nuclear power and aim for closing the 12 plants by 2010 if new energy sources were available realistically to replace them.
The 1986 Chernobyl disaster (first recognised outside the Soviet Union at a Swedish nuclear power station) created some pressure to progress the issue of nuclear decommissioning. In 1988, the government decided to begin the phase-out in 1995, but this decision was overturned in 1991 following pressure from the trade unions.
In 1994, the government appointed an energy commission consisting principally of backbench politicians, which reported at the end of 1995 that a complete phase-out of nuclear power by 2010 would be economically and environmentally impossible. However, it said that one unit might be shut down by 1998.
This gave rise to intense political manoeuvring among the main political parties, all of them minority, with varied attitudes to industrial, nuclear and environmental issues. The Social Democrats ruled a minority government but with any one of the other parties they were able to get a majority in parliament.
Early in 1997, an agreement was forged between the Social Democrats and two of the other parties which resulted in a decision to close the two Barsebäck units, both 600 MWe boiling water reactors constructed by ASEA-Atom and commissioned in 1975 and 1977. They were only 20 kilometres from the Danish capital, Copenhagen, and became a source of contrived concern to the Danes on that account. They were closed in 1999 and 2005 respectively.*
* In 1997, the Swedish government decided to close unit 1 in mid-1998 and unit 2 in mid-2001. Sydkraft, the utility owning Barsebäck, responded by challenging the legality of the decision and made a formal complaint to the European Commission on the basis of unreasonable discrimination. It also negotiated with the Swedish government regarding full compensation in actual generating capacity, not simply money. The result was that the closure of unit 1 was postponed until the end of November 1999 under a complex agreement among the government, Sydkraft and Vattenfall to transfer an interest in the latter's Ringhals plant (one 835 MWe BWR and three slightly larger PWRs) to Sydkraft. Barsebäck 2 continued in operation under a new joint production company, Ringhals AB, in which Sydkraft (subsequently E.ON Sverige) had a 25.8% share (though Barseback 2 contributed only 14.5% of the capacity). Reactor ownership was unchanged. Then in October 2004, after two years of discussion with utilities on the future of the country's nuclear power plants, the Swedish government broke off negotiations and declared that Barsebäck 2 would close in May 2005 after 28 years' operation, regardless of previously-agreed conditions regarding indigenous replacement power. E.ON took full ownership of E.ON Sverige when it acquired Statkraft's 44.6% stake in the company in mid-2008.
The positive aspect of this decision to close Barsebäck is that the other ten reactors gained a reprieve beyond 2010, allowing them to run for about 40 years (i.e. closing 2012-2025) and possibly 60 years, to 2045.
In the 1970s, it was the Centre Party in Sweden that started the anti-nuclear debate culminating in the 1980 referendum canvassing three options for phasing out nuclear energy. Since then the Centre Party lined up with the three socialist parties on nuclear power, but the three non-socialist parties on other issues. Then, early in 2005 and against a background of increasing electricity prices, the leadership of the Centre Party indicated a substantial reversal of this earlier anti-nuclear position, saying that climate change must be put ahead of nuclear decommissioning. The party abandoned its alignment with the socialist parties on energy policy and fully joined the three pro-nuclear parties, so as to allow nuclear power to continue supplying a major part of the country's electricity. This view was in line with the overwhelming majority of public opinion.
These four parties – the Centre Party, the Christian Democrats, the Liberal People's Party and the (conservative) Moderate Party – formed the conservative-led Alliance for Sweden (Allians för Sverige) coalition and came to power in the September 2006 elections. The coalition was much more in tune with popular sentiment and positive about nuclear power than its predecessor. While no reactors would be closed, planning of new units was not originally on the agenda during the coalition's first term. However, several major reactor upgrades were to be undertaken. In March 2007, the Christian Democrats changed their policy to explicitly disown the phase-out and allow for new reactors being built after 2010. Early in 2008, leaders of the Liberal People's Party called for construction of four new reactors at existing sites as replacements for those which would be retired in the 2020s. They also called for a policy focus on electric vehicles rather than biofuels.
Then, in February 2009, the centre-right coalition government said it planned to abolish the act banning construction of new nuclear reactors2. This was narrowly approved by Parliament in June 2010, though construction will only be at existing sites and to replace the present ten units. This is part of the government's climate program, which stipulates that by 2020, renewable sources should supply half of all energy produced, the Swedish car fleet should be independent of fossil fuels in 10 years, and the country should be carbon-neutral by 2050. In mid 2012 Vattenfall applied to SSM to build two new reactors at Ringhals or Forsmark, though it made clear that a decision on construction was up to ten years off, with the power being required after 2025. Investigations will proceed meanwhile. "Current regulations are such that it is only through applying for a permit for replacement reactors that Vattenfall will obtain some of the answers needed to complete a decision basis," it said.
SSM said that it has launched a project to draw up new regulations for the requirements that will be imposed on new reactors. It expects this work to be completed in late 2014 at the earliest. Once these regulations are completed, Vattenfall will be required to supplement its application on the basis of the new requirements. SSM would then be able to start its review of the application to ensure it complies with the necessary nuclear safety and radiation protection requirements.
Following elections in mid-2014, the junior coalition Green Party in the new government persuaded its Social Democrat partner to set up an energy commission charged with phasing out nuclear power in the country. Social Democrat leader Stefan Lofven had earlier said that nuclear power would be needed for "the foreseeable future", though the Greens campaigned to have two of Sweden's reactors closed in the next four years. The Social Democrats got 31% of the vote in the election, and the Greens 7%. Public opinion polls in the last few years had shown steady majority (over two-thirds) support for nuclear power.
The two parties said in separate, but identical statements that nuclear power should be replaced with renewable energy and energy efficiency. The goal, they said, should be at least 30 TWh/yr of electricity from non-hydro renewable energy sources by 2020, compared with about 18 TWh/yr now. The two parties said that nuclear power "should bear a greater share of its economic cost", despite Sweden's unique high tax specifically on nuclear power (about €0.67cents/kWh) already, and waste management being fully factored into running costs at €0.436 cents/kWh. At Ringhals, the tax amounts to twice the salaries of all employees.
Sweden imports most of its nuclear fuel, including all enrichment. In the case of Forsmark, these have been provided: 20% Eurodif (diffusion), 60% Urenco, 20% Tenex (both centrifuge) – over 90% of energy input being from nuclear power.
Westinghouse has a fuel fabrication plant at Västerås, which produces about 400 tonnes of BWR and PWR fuel per year, supplying European countries and Ukraine. Vattenfall sources fabricated fuel from Westinghouse, Areva in France and TVEL in Russia.
Sweden has some uranium mineralisation but no mines. The 2011 edition of the IAEA-OECD 'Red Book' shows resources of about 600,000 tU in Sweden's alum black shales (schists) in two deposits. Some 200 tU was produced from a black shale deposit in Ranstad in the 1960s. A ban on uranium exploration and mining was introduced in the country in August 2018.
Australia's Aura Energy in August 2011 announced JORC-compliant inferred resources of 286,000 tU3O8 at an average grade of 0.016% in the alum black shales at Häggån about 40 km southwest of Östersund in central Sweden. Molybdenum, nickel, zinc and vanadium are present and are potential co-products. An updated resource report in August 2012 expanded inferred resources for the Häggån project (formerly Storsjön) to 364,000 tU3O8. The Häggån deposit is flat, with low mining costs, and though amenable to acid leach it has high carbonate levels, so bacterial heap leaching was being investigated. (Terrafame in Finland is planning to recover uranium byproduct from bio-leaching similar black shale ore.) A scoping study confirmed the economic potential of bio heap leach producing 3000 t/Uyr plus nickel and molybdenum, but at the end of 2013 a smaller initial operation was being proposed. In February 2013 Aura announced that it had accepted Areva Mines as strategic partner in the project and had entered a binding co-operation agreement, but Areva later pulled out of this. Expected production costs even for the smallest scale operation (385 tU/yr) were in the lower half of 2010 industry cost curve, under $25/lb U3O8 after by-product credits. Production costs for the large operation, the Häggån Vanadium & Battery Metal Project, were put at $13.50/lb for uranium, though the project is now presented as essentially for vanadium. In November 2019, Aura announced that it was claiming compensation against the Swedish government for the financial loss resulting from the ban introduced in August 2018 on uranium exploration and mining.
Sweden has its nuclear waste management well in hand. A full review on financing was headed by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) and included the Swedish National Council for Nuclear Waste – a government advisory organization, and the Swedish National Debt Office. The government responded to its report at the end of 2014.
The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, SKB) was set up by the nuclear utilities following the Waste Legislation (Stipulation Act) in 1977 to develop a comprehensive concept for the management and disposal of used fuel and other radioactive wastes. It is owned 36% by Vattenfall, 30% Forsmark, 22% OKG and 12% E.ON Sweden. It reports on its R&D program every three years, and the government must approve this. SSM recommended approval of the 2016 report in March 2017.
Nuclear generators are responsible for the costs of managing and disposing of spent fuel, and must provide for those costs as they go. They pay a fee set by the government to a state fund administered by SSM to cover waste management and decommissioning. This is based on advice from SKB and has averaged SEK 0.02/kWh (0.21 Euro cents/kWh). In 2011 SSM recommended an increase in the fee due to estimating that SKB's deep SFR repository would cost more than anticipated. In 2010 SKB estimated that the total cost for wastes and decommissioning would be SEK 123 billion, and said that the fund had SEK 43 billion in it then. In December 2011 the government announced that the fee would be SEK 0.022/kWh (0.32 cents US, 0.24 € cents) for 2012-14, compared with the SSM recommendation then of SEK 0.03.
However, in June 2013 SSM said that the charges should be based on 50-year reactor lifetimes, not 40-year ones as at present, so the fee could be maintained. In October 2014 SSM recommended that the fee be increased to SEK 0.04/kWh (0.44 € cents), since it thought SKB had underestimated the cost of decommissioning and building the repository by at least SEK 11 billion. The government confirmed the new fee level for 2015-17 in December 2014. In 2017, SSM recommended a further rise to 5.0 öre per kWh (0.48 € cents) for the period 2018-2020. SKB estimates the decommissioning and repository costs at about SEK 78 billion.
Some low-level waste is disposed of at reactor sites, and some is incinerated at the Studsvik RadWaste incineration facility in Nyköping.
SKB's dedicated ship, M/S Sigrid, moves the used fuel and wastes from power plants to storage or repositories. In 2014 it replaced the smaller Sigyn.
A final underground repository (SFR) for operational (up to intermediate-level) radioactive waste and medical and industrial radioactive wastes has been operating near Forsmark since 1988. It has 63,000 cubic metre capacity and receives about 1000 cubic metres per year. This was also one of the locations proposed by the local Östhammar community for a final high-level waste (HLW) repository. It is some 50 metres below the Baltic Sea.
High-level waste
The CLAB interim repository for used fuel (treated as high-level waste) has been operating since 1985 at Oskarshamn, and its original 5000 tonne capacitya was expanded to 8000 tonnes soon after 2000, and in 2015 SKB applied to extend it to 11,000 tonnes to cater for all the fuel from all the present reactors. The used fuel is stored under water in an underground rock cavern for some 40-50 years. It will then be encapsulated in copper canisters with a cast iron internal structure for final emplacement packed with bentonite clay in a 500 metre deep repository in granite. In mid-2015 about 6000 tonnes of used fuel was at CLAB.
Research at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory nearby identified geological characteristics for this final deep repository. Site selection procedures from 2002 resulted in two municipalities voting to be candidate locations for a deep geological repository – Oskarshamn (Simpevarp and Laxemar) and Östhammar (Forsmark). Both these had been selected as having potentially suitable bedrock characteristics, after feasibility studies in eight municipalities. An April 2008 independent poll in both communities (N=900 in each) showed that 83% of Oskarshamn residents and 77% of those in Östhammar supported having the future repository in their own locality. Six neighbouring localities were also surveyed in 2008 and, while the majority of residents were in favour of a final repository in the neighbouring municipalities, support diminished as distance from ongoing nuclear power operations increased.
SKB announced its decision to locate the repository at Soderviken near Forsmark in Östhammar municipality, on the basis of it having the best geology, in June 2009. In April it had signed an investment agreement with both volunteer municipalities specifying investment of SKR 2 billion ($245 million) in the two, with the majority going to the unsuccessful bidder, which will thereby be disadvantaged financially. SKB applied for a licence to construct the repository in March 2011, and planned to begin site works in 2013. In June and November 2015 SSM responded with preliminary findings that the plan should meet all its safety and radiation protection requirements, both in operation and following closure.
SKB applied for a permit to build the Clink encapsulation plant next to CLAB at Oskarshamn in November 2006. This will be operated with CLAB, as an integrated facility. Encapsulated used fuel will make its last journey from here to the repository at Östhammar. In June 2012 an OECD Nuclear Energy Agency review reported to the government that SKB's whole repository concept was sound and met long-term safety requirements. In March 2016 SSM expressed a positive opinion of SKB plans for the integrated CLAB-encapsulation facility.
In June 2016 SSM assessed that SKB's licence application including encapsulation plant and Forsmark repository had the potential to comply with its requirements, and recommended to the Land and Environment Court in Stockholm that it should be allowed. In January 2018 SSM submitted a positive opinion to the government on SKB's application. However, the Land and Environmental Court called for further documentation on the copper canisters in which the fuel will be stored. SKB plans to start construction of the repository as soon as the government issues a permit, which is expected in the early 2020s.
The repository will have 12,000 tonnes capacity at 500 metres depth in 1.9 billion year-old granite. A 5 km ramp will connect to an eventual 60 km of tunnels over 4 sq km, housing 6000 copper-cast iron canisters containing the used fuel. Each 25-tonne canister will hold 2 tonnes of used fuel. Bentonite clay would surround each canister to adsorb any leakage. The repository concept is known as KBS-3. KBS-3H has canisters horizontally, KBS-3V has them vertically.
Some 4.8 tonnes of metal used fuel from the R-1 research reactor has been sent to the UK's Sellafield for reprocessing in the Magnox reprocessing plant, since it cannot safely be stored long-term. Plutonium from this will be combined with the small quantity (825 kg) from reprocessed Oskarshamn fuel (reprocessed in 1997 under a 1969 agreement) and either returned as MOX fuel or used in the UK as MOX fuel. The reprocessed Oskarshamn uranium was recycled as fuel for that plant.
Six power reactors – Ågesta, Marviken (never operated), Barsebäck 1&2, and Oskarshamn 1&2 – are being decommissioned, along with three research reactors – R1, R2 and R2-0 at Studsvik's Nyköping site. R1 has now been dismantled.
Swedish reactors being decommissioned
SSM has a Studsvik Fund to finance the decommissioning of research and development facilities from when nuclear power was built up in Sweden, and disposal of waste from these. In September 2015, SSM raised the levy on delivered electricity from 3.0 to 4.0 ore per kWh for 2016-17, to avoid a deficit in the fund of about SEK 142 million by the end of 2017. In 2017, SSM recommended a further rise to 5.0 ore per kWh for the period 2018-2020. SSM stated that the increase was necessary to avoid a shortfall due to the early retirement of Vattenfall and OKG units.
Oskarshamn 2 was shut down in October 2015, and GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) has been contracted to dismantle its internals from 2018 to 2020. Oskarshamn 1 was finally shut down in June 2017, fuel will be removed by the end of 2018, and GEH will dismantle it from 2019.
See also information page on Waste Management in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Appendix 3: National Policies.
Studsvik is a public company whose origins were in 1947 as a largely state-owned enterprise. In the 1960s, it relocated from Stockholm to Nyköping, focused on pure R&D and subsequently it became industry-funded and owned. In the 1990s, it became an international enterprise.
Studsvik's 600 kWth R1 research reactor operated 1954-70. R2-0 was a 1 MWth research reactor which operated from 1960-2005. R2 was a large (50 MWth) test reactor which operated 1960-2005. Both R2 and R2-0 were used for isotope production.
The R2 test reactor was involved with international research programs testing reactor fuel elements. It used high-enriched fuel supplied by the USA and with used fuel returned to the USA. In collaboration with CERCA in France the company was working on qualifying a high-density U-Mo fuel to enable low enrichment to be used. However, R2 was shut down in mid-2005 and its work taken over by the 20 MWth Halden heavy water reactor in Norway, operated by IFE.
Ågesta (10 MWe plus 65 MWt district heating) was built as a prototype heavy water power reactor which if necessary could serve as a stopgap source of plutonium for Sweden's nuclear arsenal (which had been proposed in the 1950s). It was also known as R3 and operated 1964-74. The Marviken (R4) heavy water reactor outside Norrköping was intended for research plus power generation (140 MWe) and plutonium production but was never fuelled or operated, and work was abandoned in 1970 after six years' construction.
Government-funded R&D totalled SKR 10.5 million in 2007, focused on reactor safety as well as ensuring that Sweden maintains competence in the nuclear industry. A ban on nuclear research was removed in 2006.
Public opinion in Sweden has been much tested. The first point to note is that the 1980 referendum did not canvass any option for continuing Sweden's nuclear power programme, only for different ways of shutting it down. Many wish it had the positive option, just to provide a benchmark.
Since then however public opinion steadily strengthened in favour of nuclear energy.
In April 2004, 77% of people gave top environmental priority to restraining greenhouse gas emissions, 13% to protecting unspoiled rivers from hydroelectric development, and only 7% to phasing out nuclear power. On nuclear power matters, 17% supported a nuclear phase-out, 27% favoured continued operation of all the country's nuclear power units, 32% favoured this plus their replacement in due course, and 21% wanted to further develop nuclear power in Sweden. The total support for maintaining or increasing nuclear power thus was 80% as the government tried to negotiate a phase-out. This total support had risen to 83% in March 2005, with a similar proportion saying that limiting greenhouse gas emissions should be the top environmental priority.
With slightly different questions, total support for maintaining or developing nuclear power was 79% in June 2006 and fluctuated around this to June 2008 when it was 82%, comprising 40% who favoured expanding nuclear capacity and 42% who favoured continuing to operate present plants but not building more. A self-assessed 18% (26% of men, 11% of women) said in November 2007 they had become more positive towards nuclear power in the light of concerns about climate change, while 7% (4% of men, 10% of women) said they had become more negative. This may be related to 14% who thought that nuclear power was a source of CO2 with a large impact on the environment (8% of men and 21% of women)!
By February 2010 however, the positive opinion had diminished. A poll (N=1500) on behalf of the country's electricity-intensive industries showed 30% support for replacement of the current fleet of reactors as they reach the end of operating lifetimes, plus 22% who also favoured building new reactors. Some 45% preferred a phase-out of nuclear energy. However, when asked which source of energy is best for both employment and climate, nuclear was the most popular answer, with 26%, followed by wind (21%), hydro (18%), solar (14%) and biofuels (12%)3.
In late June 2010, a survey (N=1008) commissioned by the Liberal Party was reported to show overall 72% support for the government decision to allow building of new reactors, with 28% opposed4. Even among Social Democrats, who had threatened to reverse the decision if elected later in 2010, 66% of supporters were in favour of new build.
In May 2011, immediately after the Fukushima accident, a Novus poll (N=1000) commissioned by the KSU showed 33% support for continuing to use nuclear power and replace existing reactors, 36% for continuing to use existing reactors and 24% wanting to phase out by political edict. In August 2010 there had been 40% support for use and replace and only 19% for phase-out.
In May 2013, the same Novus poll showed 38% support for continuing to use nuclear power and replace existing reactors, 30% for continuing to use existing reactors and 21% wanting to phase out. This changed little to October 2013, with figures 35%, 33% and 22% respectively. The series of Novus polls since 2010 show men much more positive than women, typically over 75% compared with about 60% for women.
An Atomic Energy Act was passed in 1956, followed by a Radiation Protection Act in 1958. The Atomic Energy Act and several others were superseded by the Nuclear Activities Act in 1984.
In the 1960s the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) was set up and became responsible for licensing, regulation and supervision under the Nuclear Activities Act. Its three divisions were reactor safety, safeguards, and research. The Swedish Radiation Protection Institute (SSI) operated under the Radiation Protection Act 1988. In mid-2008, the two organisations were merged to become the independent Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) encompassing both radiation protection and nuclear safety regulation.
In 2010 SSM commenced preparations for introducing a licensing process for new nuclear power reactors.
In July 2006, a safety-related incident at Forsmark received a lot of media coverage. It was eventually assigned a rating of Level 2 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). Following a request by management of the three nuclear plants, in March 2007 the director of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Operational Safety Section met with representatives from SKI and the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority as well as management from the three plants and the Environment Ministry. This was to discuss safety culture problems and to arrange Operational Safety Team Review (OSART) missions to the Swedish reactors, the first being to Forsmark.b
The nuclear training and safety centre (Kärnkraftsäkerhet och Utbildning AB, KSU) is a vital ancillary organization and is responsible for training staff and for liaison with the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO). It is part of Vattenfall but owned by all the power plants. The Analysis Group, focused on nuclear safety and with a public information role, is administered by KSU.
Sweden is a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non-nuclear weapons state. The country signed the Treaty in 1968, when it cancelled the country's research into nuclear weapons that had begun after the end of the Second World War. Its safeguards agreement under the NPT came into force in 1975 and in 1995 it came under the Euratom safeguards arrangement. In 1998, it signed the Additional Protocol in relation to its safeguards agreements with both IAEA and Euratom.
a. The original 5000 t capacity at CLAB allowed for 20,000 BWR fuel assemblies and 2,500 PWR assemblies. [Back]
b. Information on the Forsmark incident was available on the Vattenfall website, including: Forsmark nuclear power plant shut down after incident news release (8 August 2006); IAEA Concludes Operational Safety Review of Sweden's Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant news release (28 February 2008). See also: Report of the Operational Safety Review Team (OSART) Mission to the Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant Sweden 12-28 February 2008, Division of Nuclear Installation Safety, International Atomic Energy Agency, Operational Safety Review Mission IAEA-NSNI/OSART/08/145. [Back]
1. Electricity data from International Energy Agency's Electricity Information 2019 [Back]
2. Sweden reverses its nuclear phase out, World Nuclear News (5 February 2009) [Back]
3. Majority of Swedes support nuclear energy, World Nuclear News (17 March 2010) [Back]
4. Support for new nuclear reactors grows: survey, The Local (10 July 2010) [Back]


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Scarlett Johansson said she's still embarrassed when she thinks about how many people have seen her naked.
Last year, Johansson's email was hacked and nude photos – which were intended only to be sent to her then husband Ryan Reynolds – were leaked to the Internet. The photos went viral.
In an interview with the May issue of Vogue magazine, Johansson opened up about feelings of paranoia when she's out in public.
According to the U.K. Daily Mail, the star said that when she goes out to dinner she thinks about how many people have seen her naked. "You can't not think that. Even if they haven't, you're paranoid," Johansson reportedly said.
But Johansson insisted that she doesn't want to play the victim. "I don't want to be a victim and say, 'Oh, well' and just hide my head in shame. Somebody stole something from me," she said. "I don't want people like that to slide."
Johansson's also talked with Vogue about her 2010 divorce from Reynolds, according to Us Weekly. She called the split "amicable" but said that going through divorce felt "horrible." "It was devastating," she said.
The May issue of Vogue hits newsstands on April 24.
Selected Reading: Us, Daily Mail, Vogue


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Oyster yachts are designed to optimise cruising comfort and practical seamanlike features. However this does not mean that they do not take performance seriously. Their commitment to quality, testing, development and after sales service is second to none and are the reasons why almost half Oyster new-builds are for existing owners< Back to previous page
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Personalized "Our Forever Love" Diamond Bridal Ring Set
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This Category is Available Exclusively for One Business as Part of Our Referral Network.
Fill in the form below or text our President to request an invite.
We are looking for a professional, well-regarded Bricklayer to refer business to.
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Member Toolbox Store Contact
December 2019, Online
Online exam must be completed by December 30.
The Ontario Recreation Facilities Association (ORFA) introduced the Certified Ice Technician (CIT) professional designation in 1997. This NHL-recognized credential was designed to acknowledge the academic excellence and specialized expertise of individuals who work in artificial ice operations. Overwhelmingly, the CIT designation has been the most sought-after of all the ORFA professional designations. Today, close to 70% of arenas, ice and refrigeration job postings specifically state the preference to recruiting those individuals who hold the CIT professional designation.
Since 1997, over 1000 individuals have been awarded the CIT designation. More recently, there has been discussion and reflection, based on industry needs and legal counsel, that to ensure these individuals remain current in industry best practices and knowledge, that a recertification program be designed and implemented. More Information
Certified Ice Technician (CIT) Recertification Challenge Exam questions reflect some original CIT course content that a practitioner should be aware of and/or practice on a regular basis in the workplace. There are no trick questions.
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A week ago it was my grandmother's birthday.
Nanna lives all by herself in a little council flat in central London, a flat with a tiny paved square in front which is filled with carefully tended pot plants, like a leafy bubble in a grey, concrete world. I phoned her, as you do, and my timing was spot on, because she'd just put her birthday lunch in the oven – a pork chop with stuffing, roast potatoes and veg followed by her homemade banana custard, which she's dished up since I can remember – and so I caught her sitting down, which must have been a first. Perhaps she's slowing down, but then I guess that's allowed at 93.
Everyone marvelled at Queen Elizabeth, but she's a mere sprightly, well-cared-for 85.
Let me tell you a little about this remarkable woman, my grandmother, born Florence Alice Rose in 1918, now Florence Heathcote. She looks like all grandmothers should in her pastel polo shirts, with a halo of soft curls – washed and set at the local salon on Thursdays – and spectacles permanently on her nose. But her eyesight isn't failing at all. No, she already had glasses in the picture I have of her during World War Two. In it she's wearing a tie, a uniform and a military-style peaked cap set at a jaunty angle – "ooh, that was very naughty of me," she chuckled when she gave me the photo – but then this portrait was an official identity photo, taken when she was serving in the Royal Air Force in Bombay in 1943.
Her ration card shows that she bought a surprising number of cigarettes. I've never known her to smoke but maybe she did back then, or maybe she had a thriving micro-business selling on fags to the troops. I like to imagine she had a naughty side like that, something to match her non-regulation hat angle. Oh, and she bought a lipstick on her ration card too. Good woman.
She remained in active service until 1951, rising to the rank of Sergeant, then went back to Britain and worked, quietly, stoically, for the telephone company until she retired. She married my granddad several years after his first wife – my mother's mother – died too early, and never had children of her own. She happily took on all of us though, crocheting us dresses, hoarding Dolly Mixtures for my mum, and arguing with my dad about politics. We went to visit her once and couldn't get up her street because some mad IRA chap was waving weapons about. We went around the back way and had to crawl under the windows in the stairwell so he wouldn't see us.
Well, that's when she wasn't visiting us in South Africa bearing gifts of Smarties (in tubes!) and ever-more pastel crocheted jerkins, before patiently potty-training my sister, or cheering on Manchester City or gardening or making lemon curd or shouting at the cricket on telly or striding about the lakes and parks of the world, reminding children not to talk with their mouths full. She threatened to tie my legs to the chair for swinging them at the table.
I went to see her last year, and she met me at the door holding a walking stick, but her grip on it was so light she could have been Liza Minnelli interrupted during a (gentle) tap-dance to New York, New York. Her legs "aren't what they used to be" she said, although when I left she walked me all the way to the canal, and didn't seem to notice that she'd left her stick at home.
I turned to shout goodbye from the banks and she stood on the bridge, firm and unswerving, waving until we rounded the bend, and I felt tearful, knowing she was 92 and wondering if I'd see her again.
But still, now 93, she continues to walk everywhere, taking her wheelie shopping bag for her groceries and wool. The wool is very important, because she keeps her fingers nimble knitting hats for premature babies. She makes baby blankets for charity too. Sometimes stillborns get buried in her warm hats, she told me, clearly a bittersweet point of pride to a lady who has lived for so long.
The day previous to her birthday she made herself a pile of her favourite lemon biscuits as a treat, and her beloved Manchester City winning the FA Cup was her own personal birthday present. Not that she watched the match though. "I couldn't," she said, "The stress would have killed me."
She's of another era entirely, and we didn't always see eye-to-eye, but perhaps that was my fault, my unyielding temper, because she's still mentally flexible. When I called she was delighted to hear from me and chatted brightly about everything, from her much-loved new HD satellite telly (she's a demon with technology) to her great-nephew, who's "unf… gay". "Oh dear, I nearly said he's unfortunately gay, but we don't say things like that anymore," said Nanna. "He lives in Manchester with his partner, and they're happy, which is all that matters."
Yes, she's still completely mentally flexible, able to oust her prejudices and bend to changing times, even graciously accepting that her favourite great-niece has moved in with a chap. "Her father was a bit upset," she said, "But I told him that people do things differently nowadays, and it's their world."
There won't be a big obituary in all the papers or a state funeral when my grandmother eventually dies – possibly years after me at the rate she's going – and nothing will be said of her in the history books, even though she's surely quite remarkable in this age of gimme and impatience and fame. So, while she still lives, I feel the need to shout that she's an inspiration and a marvel, both her and the others that remain of her generation, the formidable, useful, capable, polite, principled, quietly noble generation, the generation that did what had to be done, that Just Got On With It, the generation that "looked after number one" very last of all.
We should treasure them now, and learn from them while we still can.


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Milwaukee Music Video: Introducing rap newcomer $killz
The already busy local hip-hop scene has just gotten a little more crowded. For full-length "Watch and Learn," Anthony "$killz" Kolstad spits fast rhymes, and gets a nice boost from Aderson "Lib" Gonzalez (who worked on Yo-Dot's "Red Mist," one of my favorite local albums last year.)
Check out the video for "Watch" track "Livin' My Dream" below - but beware, there is some salty language here.
Latest Tuned In Posts
- Top of the Charts: Sia takes over No. 1 spot
- Top of the Charts: Drake makes nine weeks at number one
- Top of the Charts: Drake reaches eight weeks on top
- Sunday Summerfest country pick - Jana Kramer
- Saturday Summerfest country pick - Cam
- Friday Summerfest country pick - Phil Vassar
- Thursday Summerfest country pick - Frankie Ballard
- Wednesday's Summerfest country pick: Hunter Hayes
- Tuesday Summerfest country pick - Michael Ray
- Sunday Summerfest country pick - Kane Brown
Meet the bloggers
Piet Levy is the Journal Sentinel's music writer. He has also been published in USA Today, the Chicago Tribune and the Washington Post.
Erik Ernst is a freelance music writer for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. He blogs for Tuned In about country, folk, jam and American roots music.


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The congressional campaign of U.S. Rep. Randy Hultgren, R-Winfield, will have to pay a $2,500 penalty to the Federal Election Commission after an audit showed a misstatement of receipts and expenditures for 2009 and 2010.
According to the FEC's audit, Randy Hultgren for Congress' financial reports showed understated receipts by $9,440 and spending by $7,911 for 2009.
In 2010, Hultgren's campaign understated receipts by $83,278 and spending by $58,694 and the ending cash-on-hand by $26,113.
Hultgren won the state's contested 14th Congressional District. First, he gained his party's nod in the primary election against Ethan Hastert – son of Dennis Hastert who held the seat for 20 years – then against incumbent Democrat Bill Foster and Green Party candidate Dan Kairis.
Hultgren was elected to a second term in 2012.
In the negotiated settlement agreement, dated Aug. 19 and made public by the FEC, the Hultgren campaign's political committee amended its financial reports to correct the misstatements.
Hultgren's political committee also agreed to improve its internal controls and to update its process of tracking receipts so financial misstatements will not happen again.
In a statement, Hultgren for Congress thanked the FEC staff for its assistance and professionalism during the audit and review of the campaign's reports.
"We cooperated fully with the FEC during this review and adopted their suggestions about how to strengthen the campaign's compliance operations," according to the statement.
"This matter focused on technical reporting issues which is why it was handled by the FEC's alternative dispute resolution office and not in an enforcement action," the statement said. "We are glad this matter is now closed and look forward to working with the FEC in the future to ensure compliance with its reporting requirements."
This is the second time the FEC took corrective action on the Hultgren campaign. In September 2010, the campaign admitted it improperly accepted campaign donations from a state campaign committee that was organized years earlier.
Federal election law forbids candidates from transferring funds from state and local campaign committees to fund runs for congressional seats or other federal offices.
When the improper contributions were brought to the campaign's attention, the money was refunded, according to a campaign spokesman.


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Problem: Capsules manufactures >500 million capsules per year in various materials and shapes. Capsules are precut by rotating the capsule at high speed and pushing a cutting edge, applying a precise force, on the surface. Previous pneumatic actuator was difficult to adjust and needed constant adjustment. Life time was short and customer had to stop the production for some hours when replacing the actuator.
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This content has been marked as final. Show 2 replies
1. Re: Bootdelegation and Jboss AS7thomas.diesler Oct 24, 2011 4:16 AM (in response to spandit2)
This might be a bug. Could you please create JIRA and attach a test project simmilar to this one? It would allows me to reproduce what your are seeing.
2. Re: Bootdelegation and Jboss AS7bosschaert Oct 27, 2011 7:52 AM (in response to spandit2)
FYI in Deploying CXF-DOSGi to JBoss AS7 you can see how the CXF-DOSGi multibundle distribution is deployed in AS7. This also uses JAXB (without boot delegation). This may help you getting further.


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Flipline is back with yet another great Papa title. This time the player has to help Papa to create and stack pancakes. Run the pancakeria and try to reach the daily goals. Ofcourse the various upgrades are available again, allowing the player to upgrade the restaurant with fun additions. - Friv - StarBlast.io