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South African Journal of Science
On-line version ISSN 1996-7489
Print version ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.105 n.7-8 Pretoria Jul./Aug. 2009
N,N'-diisopropylthiourea and N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea zinc(II) complexes as precursors for the synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles
N. MolotoI, II; N. RevaprasaduI, *; M.J. MolotoIII; P. O'BrienIV, *; J. RafteryIV
IDepartment of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
IIMacromolecular Nanotechnology Research Group, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
IIISchool of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa
IVDepartment of Chemistry, The Manchester Materials Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
The single X-ray crystal structures of zinc (II) complexes of N,N'-diisopropylthiourea and N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea were determined. These complexes, similar to other alkylthioureas, were found to be effective as precursors for the preparation of hexadecylamine-capped ZnS nanoparticles. The complexes are air-stable, easy to prepare and inexpensive. They pyrolyse cleanly to give high-quality ZnS nanoparticles, which show quantum confinement effects in their absorption spectra and close to band-edge emission. Their broad diffraction patterns are typical of nanosized particles while their transmission electron microscopy images showed agglomerates of needle-like platelet nanoparticles.
Key words: N,N'-diisopropylthiourea, N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea, synthesis, ZnS nanoparticles, precursor
The size-dependent optical properties of semiconducting metal chalcogenide nanoparticles have made them highly attractive for many technological applications. ZnS materials doped with various metal ions have been used as phosphors for electronic displays.1 Nanostructured doped ZnS materials have attracted considerable attention because of their superior luminescent characteristics, compared to those of their bulk counterparts.25 These unique properties have led to many applications, such as optical coatings, solid-state solar cell windows, electro-optic modulators, photoconductors, field-effect transistors, sensors and transductors, as well as light-emitting applications.6 As efficient phosphors, ZnS particles have been widely implicated in flat-panel displays,7 thin-film electroluminescent devices and infrared windows.8 Nanosized ZnS and manganese-doped ZnS have been prepared by precipitation methods,9 in structured media such as polymers and gel films,10 and by using single-molecule precursors.11
Over the past few years, attention has focused on the research field of one-dimensional nanostructured materials, such as nanowires or nanorods, because of their fundamental importance and the wide range of their potential applications in nanodevices.12 In order to obtain nanowires or nanorods of the desired materials, many methods have been used for the preparation of one-dimensional nanostructured materials, such as laser ablation,13 template synthesis,1416 solution-based routes1719 and other methods.2023 The use of molecular precursors containing both the metal and chalcogenide, initially reported by Trindade and O'Brien,24,25 have proven to be an efficient route to high-quality crystalline, monodispersed, semiconducting nanoparticles. The use of the cadmium alkylthiourea complexes as precursors for the synthesis of CdS have been previously reported by our group.26,27 In the present study, we successfully synthesised zinc (II) complexes of N,N-diisopropylthiourea and N,N-dicyclohexylthiourea and report their single X-ray crystal structures. These complexes were then thermolysed in hexadecylamine (HDA) to give organically-capped ZnS nanoparticles.
Hexadecylamine and tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) were purchased from Aldrich. Toluene and methanol were obtained from BDH. Toluene was stored over molecular sieves (40Å, BDH) before use. Zinc chloride, N,N'-diisopropylthiourea, N,N'- dicyclohexylthiourea and ethanol (analytical grade) were used, as purchased from Aldrich, to prepare the precursors.
Optical characterisation
A Perkin Elmer Lambda 20 UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to perform the optical measurements; the samples were placed in silica cuvettes (1-cm path length), using toluene as a reference solvent. A Jobinyvon-spex-Fluorolog-3-Spectro fluorometer with a xenon lamp (150 W) and a 152 P photomultiplier tube as a detector were used to measure the photoluminescence of the particles. The samples were placed in quartz cuvettes (1-cm path length).
Electron microscopy
The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were obtained using a Philips CM 200 compustage electron microscope operated at 200 kV with an energy dispersive spectroscopy analyser. The samples were prepared by placing a drop of a dilute solution of sample in toluene on a copper grid (400 mesh, agar). The samples were allowed to dry completely at room temperature.
X-ray crystallography
The X-ray data were collected at 100 K on a Bruker Smart Apex CCD diffractometer, using Mo Kα radiation, from crystals mounted in a Hamilton Cryoloop. Data were reduced by SAINTPLUS. The structures were solved by direct methods using SHELXS-971928 (I) or SIR20042029 (II) and refined anisotropically (non-hydrogen atoms) by full-matrix least-squares on F2 using SHELXL-9721.30 The H atoms were calculated geometrically and refined with a riding model.
The X-ray diffraction patterns on the powdered samples were measured on Phillips X'Pert materials research diffractometer using secondary graphite monochromated Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54060 Å) at 40 kV 50 mA1. Samples were supported on glass slides. Measurements were taken using a glancing angle of incidence detector at an angle of 2°, for 2θ values over 2060° in steps of 0.05° with a scan speed of 0.01° s1.
Elemental analysis
Elemental analysis is the determination of the percentage weights of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and heteroatoms (X) (halogens, sulphur (S)) of a sample. The elemental analysis was performed on a CARLO ERBA elemental analyser for C, H, N and S. The sample was burned in excess oxygen and the combustion products were analysed by inductively-coupled mass spectrometry.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Infrared spectra were recorded on a FTIR Perkin Elmer paragon 1 000 spectrophotometer using nujol mull. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on a Varian Associates Inova spectrometer (400 MHz and 300 MHz).
Synthesis of precursors
[ZnCl2(CS(NHC6H11)2)2] (I). A hot solution of N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea (1 g, 4.16 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) was added to a heated solution of zinc chloride (0.28 g, 2.08 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 1 h. The colourless solution was filtered hot to remove any traces of unreacted materials and was left in an open beaker at room temperature. The colourless crystalline product was obtained after 24 h. The product was filtered, washed twice with ethanol and dried under vacuum. Yield 76.4%; m.p. 230.3233.5°C. C26H48N4S2Zn: Anal. Calcd. C, 50.62; H, 7.79; N, 9.09; S, 10.38. Found: C, 50.70; H, 7.99; N, 9.04; S, 10.14. IR (nujol mull)/cm1: 3286(vs), 2931 (vs), 2854(m), 1558(vs), 1450(s), 1342(w), 1234(s), 1157(vw), 1095(w), 972(s), 894(m), 817(vw), 771(m). 1H NMR (δ, CdCl3) ppm: 4.10 (s, 3H, CH3); 3.92 (s, 3H, CH3). 13C {1H} NMR (δ, CdCl3) ppm: 179.38 (s, CS); 31.22 (s, CH3).
[ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2] (II). A hot solution of N,N'-diisopropylthiourea (1 g, 6.25 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) was added to a heated solution of zinc chloride (0.43 g, 3.13 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 1 h. The colourless solution was filtered hot to remove any traces of unreacted materials and was left in an open beaker at room temperature. A colourless needle-like crystalline product was obtained after 24 h. The product was filtered, washed twice with ethanol and dried under vacuum. Yield 62.7%; m.p. 192.1193.8°C. C14H32N4S2Zn: Anal. Calcd. C, 36.81; H, 7.01; N, 12.27; S, 14.02. Found: C, 36.69; H, 7.06; N, 12.22; S, 13.73. IR (nujol mull)/cm1: 3271(vs), 2978(s), 1558(vs), 1450(s), 1388(sh), 1280(s), 1141(s), 956(m), 848(w). 1H NMR (δ, CdCl3) ppm: 2.15 (d, 2H, C3H7); 1.60 (s, 6H, C3H7), 7.22 (s, 2H, NH). 13C {1H} NMR (δ, CdCl3) ppm: 179.38 (s, CS); 31.22 (s, CH3).
Preparation of ZnS nanoparticles
In a typical experiment, [ZnCl2(SC(NHC6H11)2] (precursor I) (1 g) was dissolved in TOP (1015 ml). This solution was then injected into 6.25 g of hot HDA at a temperature of 180°C. A subsequent decrease in temperature of 2030°C was observed. The solution was allowed to stabilise at 180°C and heated for a further 60 min. The solution was then allowed to cool to about 70°C, and methanol was added to remove the excess HDA. The as-synthesised flocculent precipitate was separated by centrifugation and redispersed in toluene. The solvent was then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give HDA-capped ZnS nanoparticles. The particles were washed three times with methanol and redispersed in toluene. This same procedure was followed using precursor II, ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2 to prepare HDA-capped ZnS nanoparticles.
Results and discussion
Single X-ray structures
Both complexes were subjected to single crystal X-ray structural analysis, crystallised in methanol by slow evaporation at room temperature to give transparent cube-shaped crystals. They were stable in air and moisture with melting points of 192°C and 230°C, for complex II and I, respectively. The formulae of the resulting complexes were consistent with the molecular structures and other forms of analyses, such as microanalysis, infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Details of the crystal data and structure refinements are provided in Table 1. ORTEP diagrams of complexes I and II with the non-hydrogen atomic labelling scheme are shown in Figs 1 and 2, respectively. Selected bond lengths and angles are given in Tables 2 and 3. The structures were deposited at the CCDC with deposition numbers of 642408 and 642407, for complexes I and II, respectively.
Molecular description of complex I
The structure of complex I, [ZnCl2((CS(NHC6H11)2)2] (Fig. 1), is based on a discrete monomeric molecule with the coordination polyhedra around the Zn(II) ion a distorted tetrahedral. The two N,N'-dicyclohexylthiourea ligands were sulphur-bonded to the metal atom with the two chloride ligands facing opposite to the two organic ligands. In this four-coordinate structure, molecular units are arranged so that one of the chloride ions (Cl(1)) and the zinc atom lie on a crystallographic three-fold axis which relates to the two thiourea ligands and the second chlorine atom (Cl(1)1). The average bond distances for ZnCl bonds are 2.261 Å and the ZnS bonds gave an average value of 2.318 Å, which is slightly shorter than for the corresponding zinc complex II (Table 3). The SC bond distances in the thiourea ligands are typically intermediate between a single and double bond character, which is 1.719 Å. The CN bond distances range from an intermediate bond character of 1.475 Å to an almost double bond character of 1.333 Å. These slightly shorter bond distances could be influenced by the steric and electronic effects of the cyclohexyl groups. The lengths of the CN and CS bonds are intermediate between the values expected for single and double bonds, thus indicating that the canonical forms make a substantial contribution to the structure.
The two cyclohexyl rings on one thiourea ligand are planar and chair forms on the other. The S(1)Zn(1)Cl(1) and S(1)1Zn(1)Cl(1)1 bond angles are both 111.08°, and Cl(1) Zn(1)S(1)1 and S(1)Zn(1)Cl(1)1 bond angles are both 101.17°. The bond angles for two similar atoms bonded to the zinc atom, S(1)Zn(1)S(1)1 and Cl(1)1Zn(1)Cl(1), are slightly bigger at 115.53° and 117.51°, respectively. This is expected for the cyclohexyl group and these angles deviate from the regular tetrahedral value of 109.47°, which could be explained by the steric interaction between the cyclohexyl groups. The structural analysis of this complex is in agreement with the spectroscopic data obtained for this compound.
Molecular description of complex II
The structure of complex II, [ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2] (Fig. 2), is based on a discrete monomeric molecule with the coordination polyhedra around the Zn(II) ion being that of a distorted tetrahedral. The two N,N'-diisopropylthiourea ligands were sulphur-bonded to the metal atom with the two chloride ligands completing the geometry. In this four-coordinate structure, molecular units are arranged so that one of the chloride ions (Cl(1)) and the metal atom lie on a crystallographic three-fold axis which relates to the two thiourea ligands and the second chlorine atom (Cl(1)1). The average bond distances for ZnCl bonds are 2.266 Å and 2.340 Å for ZnS bonds. The SC bond distances in the thiourea ligands are typically intermediate between a single and double bond character, which is 1.714 Å. The CN bond distances range from an intermediate bond character of 1.501 Å to an almost double bond character of 1.344 Å. The S(1)Zn(1)Cl(1), Cl(1)Zn(1)S(1)1, S(1)1Zn(1)Cl(1)1 and S(1)Zn(1)Cl(1) bond angles are 105.73°, 110.74°, 105.73° and 112.89°, respectively. The bond angles for two similar ligands, S(1)Zn(1)S(1)1 and Cl(1)1Zn(1)Cl(1), are 111.33° and 112.68°. These angles deviate from the regular tetrahedral value of 109.47°, which could be explained by the steric interaction between the isopropyl groups.
Synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles
Zinc sulphide (ZnS), a IIVI group semiconductor material, has been extensively investigated due to its immense potential for various device applications.
The band gap of ZnS can be tuned from the ultraviolet to visible region by employing appropriate dopants. It has wide band gaps of 3.53.7 eV and 3.73.8 eV for zinc blende and wurtzite ZnS, respectively, and can crystallise in two allotropic formsa cubic form (c-ZnS) with sphalerite structure and a hexagonal form (h-ZnS) with wurtzite structure.
In this study, zinc sulphide nanoparticles were prepared using substituted alkylthiourea complexes, [ZnCl2(CS(NHC6H11)2)2] and [ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2], as sources of the metal sulphide nanoparticles.
Optical properties of ZnS nanoparticles
The increasing success of the use of alkylthiourea cadmium complexes as single source precursors has led to the investigation of the zinc analogue to prepare ZnS nanoparticles.27 The band edges for ZnS samples prepared from various methods were blue-shifted in relation to the bulk material (340 nm, 3.64 eV). This is associated with the ZnS nanoparticles being smaller than the bulk exciton of ZnS. There is generally an increase in particle size of nanoparticles with time, which is consistent with an Ostwald ripening process. After an injection of the precursor there is a critical size dependent on the concentration of the precursor. After the depletion of the precursor, the size distribution broadens because the smaller, less stable particles collapse, forming larger particles.
It has recently been reported that nanocrystallites of zinc sulphide doped with manganese have one of the highest photoluminescence efficiencies;25 however, various factors have an influence on the optical properties of nanoparticles, such as the nature of the passivating ligand, temperature and concentration. Therefore, a detailed and thorough understanding of the influence of these factors should be undertaken. The optical properties of the ZnS nanoparticles synthesised from [ZnCl2(CS(NHC6H11)2)2] are shown in Fig. 3. The particles exhibited a band-edge at 278 nm (4.46 eV), a blue shift compared to 340 nm of bulk ZnS. The absorption spectrum showed no visible excitonic features; such bands are prominent in the absorption spectra of CdSe, CdS and ZnSe.
The photoluminescence spectrum showed a broad emission curve with the emission maximum at 318 nm, a red shift in relation to the optical absorption band edge. The position of the band edge of the ZnS nanoparticles prepared from [ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2] (Fig. 4), is slightly different from that of ZnS from the cyclohexyl complex. The absorption band appears at a slightly higher wavelength (303 nm). The emission spectrum appears narrower with the maximum at 306 nm, a slight red shift in comparison for the band edge. The reduced broadness of the emission peak is probably due to a narrow size distribution.
Structural properties of ZnS nanoparticles
The XRD patterns for the ZnS nanoparticles synthesised from [ZnCl2(CS(NHC6H11)2)2] and [ZnCl2(CS(NHC3H7)2)2] are shown in Fig. 5. The diffraction patterns from both samples showed broad peaks typical of nanosized particles. The particles from both complexes showed a mixture of wurtzite and zinc blende zinc sulphide with the wurtzite phase dominant. The predominance of peaks from both complexes (2θ = 23.0°, 29.3° and 41.6°) can be indexed to [002], [102] and [103] of the wurtzite phase. The crystal phases of ZnS are influenced thermodynamically, where higher temperatures favour the wurtzite phase and lower temperatures the cubic sphalerite phase. Therefore the predominance of wurtzite ZnS nanoparticles is possibly due to the high reaction temperature (180°C).
Figures 6 and 7 show the TEM and HRTEM images of the particles synthesised from both precursors. The particles from both samples had a slightly elongated shape with many spherical particles also visible. There was a certain degree of agglomeration and the size of the particles could be approximated to 35 nm in diameter. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles was confirmed by the HRTEM images which showed distinct lattice fringes.
The single crystal structures of zinc dicyclohexylthiourea and diisopropylthiourea were obtained. The as-synthesised ZnS nanoparticles resulted in a mixture of elongated and spherical particles of sizes between 3 nm and 5 nm.
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (South Africa) and Royal Society (United Kingdom).
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Received 18 May. Accepted 26 May 2009.
* Authors for correspondence E-mail: email@example.com / email@example.com


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Music Worcester opened its 153rd season in style on Friday night with a performance by the visiting Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra and its general and artistic director, Antoni Wit. Pianist Yulianna Avdeeva, winner of the 2010 Chopin Competition, joined the ensemble for a Slavic-themed program composed of pieces by Lutoslawski, Chopin and Dvorak.
After beginning with the American and Polish national anthems, the concert started in earnest with music by the great 20th-century Polish composer Witold Lutoslawski, whose 100th birthday will be observed next year. Lutoslawski's career can be nicely divided into two halves: the first heavily influenced by Polish and other Eastern European folk musics, while the second was far more experimental in character.
The Little Suite that opened Friday's concert dates from the former period and is reminiscent of similar folk-inspired pieces by Bart�k and Ligeti. Its four movements feature some delightfully original reharmonizations of Polish folk tunes, and Lutoslawski's orchestrations are characteristically colorful.
The WPO, playing with obvious pride and a sense of occasion, dispatched the Suite vigorously, taking a little time to linger over the bittersweet third movement, but never indulging in sentimental excess.
The performance of the Chopin Piano Concerto No. 2 that followed, though, might have benefited from a bit more of such excess, especially in its outer movements. Mr. Wit kept tempos on the brisk side, which certainly kept the momentum from dragging, but this was a reading that might have been aided by more rhythmic flexibility from all parties involved.
As was expected, the 27-year-old Ms. Avdeeva proved herself a formidably accomplished pianist, technically, and there were moments on Friday when her interpretation of the concerto allowed a keen musical instinct to shine through.
She was at her best in the slow, middle movement, which in her hands balanced dreamy introspection and soulful lyricism in equal measure. And there were sections of the outer movements, too – especially in the slower episodes – in which she achieved a similar, satisfying result.
But the faster parts of the outer movements were characterized by a general aimlessness of musical purpose that kept this performance from really taking off. The great Chopin pianists – and, given time, Ms. Avdeeva may well join their ranks – make something meaningful of Chopin's busy keyboard writing in these and similar passages.
On Friday, the jumbles of notes were there (and confidently played, to be sure) but they lacked definition in the first movement and humor in the last. Nevertheless, she finished strongly and was rewarded with a hearty ovation; alas, no encores followed.
After intermission, Mr. Wit and the orchestra returned for a straightforward, exultant performance of Dvorak's Symphony No. 8. The Eighth is, arguably, Dvorak's sunniest mature symphony, filled with trademark tunes and lyrical gestures that could come from no other composer; its orchestration, too, is remarkably vibrant.
On Friday, Mr. Wit balanced Dvorak's lyrical and dramatic writing (sometimes both are one: the climax of the first movement transforms the tender opening melody into a gale worthy of Wagner's "Flying Dutchman") in a satisfying way that felt not a little inevitable. While the second movement might have benefited from a more relaxed pace, the third lilted along, overflowing with charm.
In the finale, Dvorak wrote a movement that plays like a mini-Concerto for Orchestra, showcasing various sections and soloists in the orchestra. Friday's performance featured a dazzling account of the movement's flute solo by principal Krzysztof Malicki, as well as thrilling brass playing throughout.
Oddly, Mr. Wit held the orchestra back, tempo-wise, at a couple of junctures in this movement, resulting in a performance that felt, at times, a bit too nice and mannered; happily, the energy level picked up wildly for the mad dash to the finish.
Two encores followed: a humorous, heavy-footed account of Brahms's Hungarian Dance No. 5 and a rousing rendition of "The Stars and Stripes Forever" that gave the Boston Pops a run for their money.

subset: commoncrawl


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President Obama on Wednesday attempted to preempt the announcement that Social Security recipients will not get an increase in their benefit checks for the first time in three decades, encouraging Congress to provide a one-time payment of $250 to help seniors and disabled Americans weather the recession.
Obama endorsed the idea, which is expected to cost at least $13 billion, as the administration gropes for ways to sustain an apparent economic rebound without the kind of massive spending package that critics could label a second stimulus act.
This is outrageous on four levels:
1. If the President thinks the economy needs more stimulus, he should say that explicitly and have an honest debate.
2. This is the wrong kind of stimulus. Any further stimulus should consist of reductions in marginal tax rates, such as a cut in the corporate income tax (or better yet, repeal).
3. All social security recipients already have a moderate guaranteed income, and many have significant income beyond their social security benefits. This kind of transfer has no plausible justification as redistribution for the needy.
4. Sending checks to seniors is a blatant attempt to buy their support for Obamacare, which promises to cut Medicare spending substantially.


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To specialize in anthropological research, students generally need a master's or doctoral degree.
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(630) 942-2010


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Lindenwood University is offering students the opportunity to complete the check-in process early. From 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. July 9-20, students can visit specific administrative offices, collect verification that all requirements have been satisfied, and become eligible to check directly into the appropriate residential facility or attend the first day of class on Monday, Aug. 27.
Students will first visit the Business Office to obtain a check-in booklet and address any outstanding balances, and then move on to Financial Aid to verify their grant and scholarship information. The third stop will be the Work and Learn Department, where students will obtain their assignments and student identification cards. Lastly, students will complete a housing card form and obtain the necessary paperwork signifying he/she is eligible to move directly into his or her dorm.
At each office, an official stamp will be used to verify that the necessary requirements have been met. If an outstanding issue remains, students will not be able check-in until that issue is resolved.
For those who choose not to take advantage of two week early check-in opportunities, regular dates are scheduled for all new freshman students on Wednesday, Aug. 22, and for all transfer and returning students Aug. 25 (N-Z) and Aug. 26 (A-M). The entire process will need to be completed inside the Hyland Arena before students can move in to their assigned University residences.
For more information, please contact the Assistant Vice President for Student Development, Ryan Guffey, Ph.D., at email@example.com.


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Today we are featuring a new stamp/matching die set called "Fresh Preserves". This set has a cute little jar, a bunch of sweet sentiments {that just so happen to fit perfectly in the smallest Timeless Tags die!!!} and super tiny fruit stamps. You are going to love it!! Here is a little bit of information:
Fresh Preserves
- is a 4x6 clear photopolymer stamp set
- 17 high quality photo-polymer stamps; 1 jar image, 1 filler image, 1 label image, 8 berry building images in two sizes, and 6 sentiments that fit inside of the label
- will be available for purchase June 5th for $14
- coordinates with the Fresh Picked stamp set
- four separate dies wired together that can be easily snipped and separated
- will be available for purchase June 5th for $8
Elise Durenberger
Cristina Kowalczyk
Jinny Newlin
Kerrianne Gwin
Savitri Wilder
Jean Martin


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This gigantic bowl of guacamole is titled "He's no guac to me dead." It contains 50 avocadoes worth of guac and one happy Han Solo.
The body was created using a plastic torso I found at a used mannequin/store display shop downtown. It only went down to the top of the thigh, so I had to build out the rest of his legs to the knees using molded chicken wire. The hands were tough… If I knew used male mannequin hands would be so tough to find on a whim, I would've used eBay. Given that I was running out of time, one hand was made using one of those articulated wooden artist's hands you can buy at an art store, and covered it in papier mache. The other hand, not nearly as nice, was foil covered in papier mache, and had to do for now.
Click through to see more pictures and read the rest of the story about how this ridiculous piece of deliciousness came to be. [Without Papers via [Neatorama]


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Michael Fassbender, the guy you may know from films such as X-Men and Prometheus, has been cast in the upcoming Assassin's Creed movie.
Fassbender is to play the hero of the title, reports Variety.
Rumor has it the film will be based on the first game of the series, which would make Altair the hero.
"Michael Fassbender was our first choice," Ubisoft Motion Pictures boss Jean-Julien Baronnet revealed. "Michael is an extremely smart, talented, versatile and committed actor."
Fassbender is also reported to be a producer the movie, using his company DMC film. The film was previously halted when Sony claimed that demands from Ubisoft were "ridiculous".
Sony may proceed with distribution once a director and writer have committed to the film, Ubisoft has said.
"We're open to re-discuss with the key studios once the production package is finalized," Baronnet explained. "Whatever the financial model, Ubisoft Motion Pictures will limit its risk investment."


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Simple Solution® Indoor/Outdoor Repellent is a scent-based training aid that will repel dogs and cats for 12 to 24 hours when applied daily. Read More
This product is currently unavailable for purchase.
Featured Advice from Our Experts
House-training Basics
The amount of time it takes to house-train your puppy is primarily dependent on you. If you do it right, it shouldn't take long at all, perhaps just a few weeks. Dogs are unique – some "get it" right away... (Click title for full article.)
Will repel dogs & cats for 12 to 24 hours when applied daily.
Works Indoors and outdoors up to 24 hours. Great for training aid to break undesirable habits.
14 oz aerosol
- Brand: Simple Solution
- Type: Behavioral,Repellent
- Form: Aerosol
- Size: 14 oz
Reviews (3)
"Works great!"
This spray works great to keep cats out of unwanted areas. One of my cats was digging dirt out of my houseplants and urinating in them and she immediately stopped when I started using this spray. It does have a mild odor when it is first sprayed, but the smell goes away quickly. I will definitely keep some of this on hand!
"Great Product!! LOVE IT!!"
I've had trouble with my male cat sparaying on 2 of my window blinds. I tried this product and he avoids them now. I do have to use this product about every 24-36 hours to keep him away from the problem area... but it's WELL WORTH the effort.Plus the instructions suggest 24 hours, so it's right on with the directions. Fantastic to no longer have to worry about him spraying... or to have to combat the odor that came along with it. LOVE THIS PRODUCT!!
"Good Product!"
This is a really good product, i use it for my cat who for some reason likes to go in two other spots occasionally other than his litter box. It's not long lasting but it states that and lasts as long as it says which is 24 hrs. Definitely a saver for the apartment and my sanity! Would definitely recommend!
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Hi Javaprogrammers,
I am trying to test out an exercise in my beginner's book, Big Java. They have an example where they import javax.swing.Jframe and other class such as RectangleViewer. I also want to import java.awt.Graphics.... as well as the Rectangle, and the Graphics2D
Are these in the preexisting packages? Or do I have to find awt online and download it and place it in the java folder or something? Thanks for any pointers in advance.


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Age: 37
Occupation: Insurance agent, Neis Insurance
Residence: Cary
Hometown: McHenry
Family: Wife, Renee; Samantha, 8 and Andrew, 2
Education: Bachelor's degree, political science, University of Illinois at Chicago
Favorite McHenry County restaurant? Duke's Alehouse and Kitchen in Crystal Lake
Favorite movie? "Money Pit"
One word that describes you? Energetic
What is your job and what makes you so good at it?
As the area vice president for Neis Insurance in Crystal Lake, I provide personal and commercial risk management coverage. Understanding the concerns of individuals and businesses allows me to customize insurance to fit each situation. Knowledge of various resources and insurance programs means my clients are always getting the best coverage for the best rate.
The unwavering support of my wife, Renee, has enabled me to be successful. She encourages me to put the hours and energy into my career to achieve sales goals and provide quality service to clients. Tom and Marilyn Neis are great people to work with and the team at Neis Insurance always put me in a position to win. Early in my career I was taught the power of referrals and what it means to be a networking partner. And, I like to talk – a lot!
What accomplishments and innovations are you most proud of this year?
Neis Insurance Agency is on pace for another year of double-digit growth. I am also proud to be on the planning team for the inaugural Santa Run/Walk for Kids to be held Dec. 2 in downtown Crystal Lake. Proceeds will support children in McHenry County through groups such as Big Brothers Big Sisters, Girls on the Run of Northwest Illinois, CASA, the Light Center/Main Stay and Turning Point.
How do you give back to the community and what drives your service?
As a member of the Crystal Lake Chamber (I am currently on the board of directors), I meet people who I consider the business leaders of McHenry County. I deeply respect and admire these leaders. Each of these individuals has two things in common: They are all successful in their own right, and each gives back to the community. My wife and I try to follow in their footsteps.
What is something you have never done but want to do some day?
I would love to rent a RV with my wife and travel the country visiting every restaurant featured by Guy Fieri's show "Diners, Drive-ins, and Dives." However I would settle for running a sub-18-minute 5K or qualifying for the Boston Marathon.
What is the best career advice you have received?
Be nice to people.
Nominator's comment:
"I wanted to nominate Chris as one of the Best Under 40 because he gives so much to the community," said client Donna Plunkett of Bruning and Associates. "I've been a client for seven years and believe Chris is always responsive – willing to get an answer for you when you need one. He has energy and knowledge, plus he is a pleasure to deal with. Not just on the job, Chris has enthusiasm and is willing to volunteer his time to the community at leadership level."


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It may take some time before we can see the first of SharePoint 15 (or some might say SharePoint 2013).
Till that time, Microsoft has released some technical documentation in the form of an API. It's far from complete, I hope, but it gives us a bit insight in the new features of the new SharePoint.
There are a few interesting features that we can trace from this API. You can find the API here http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=28768. But for the one that's too lazy to disassemble the API himself, beneath is a summary of expected features.
Game changing features
In the API there's one feature that has the upper hand, the Apps. It's also very certain that a marketplace is coming. There will not only be a general marketplace, but it will also be possible to have a corporate catalog (apps only available within the corporate).
These new SharePoint Apps are not just web parts, or any other kind of SharePoint solution we know from the current versions of SharePoint. An App is a new solution format that comes with SharePoint 15. A few advantages of Apps, we know so far, are:
– It's very suitable for a traditional application structure, with multiple pages, theming, configuration, an own database, etc.
– developers can add an own deployment (installation, upgrade, uninstall, etc.)
– a database (MSSQL, and other formats) can be attached
– it has its own user permissions
– it has its own licensing
This is a big step for Microsoft, but also very understandable. Nowadays it seems that the entire society is relying on apps and marketplaces from all kinds of vendors. Microsoft already Marketplaced the Windows Phone, Windows 8 is coming, but they would be stupid if they didn't also do this for SharePoint. With the Windows Phone Marketplace they were relatively late, but with the SharePoint Marketplace they are just on time. Using Marketplaces for business purposes is very hot at the moment. I can't wait to get to work with this.
Minimal Download Strategy is a term that probably doesn't ring any bells. That's right, it's a new framework Microsoft includes in the next SharePoint. It's mentioned very briefly in the API but I think it's a big deal.
So, what is it? MDS allows websites to take much less bandwidth than with traditional technologies. It's a technology that allows websites to only send the changed part of the page, relative to the previous page, to the client. If you assume that a website has a header, footer, menu, right column and some content, and navigating to another page only changes the content part, then MDS will take care that only the content will be transferred from the server to the client. This way, not only the bandwidth is used more efficiently, but the pages will be more responsive.
For more info on MDS read this: http://blog.furuknap.net/minimal-download-strategy-in-sharepoint-2013
Other features
More versioning
We know we can version documents and list items, but in the next SharePoint we are also able to version entire parts of SharePoint. An entire site for instance. Fascinating! But whats the big advantage? Well, here it comes. Let's assume that we already have a site and we would like to make big changes to it, how will we do that? In the current SharePoint we would have to copy the site (preferable to another environment), implement changes and deploy it back. While in SharePoint 15 we could freeze the active version, then create a new version, implement changes to that new version and when done, set the active version to the new site we changed. My guess is that Microsoft did add this feature mainly for SharePoint Online, because most clients don't have a separate acceptance environment. Deploying this way fits perfectly in a DTAP roadmap for Cloud solutions.
As a developer you can now get a themed version of your CSS that uses the theme colors and styles, with a simple line of code.
Client Object Model
The Client Object Model is extended with Search. The functionality corresponds to that of Microsoft.Office.Server.Search we know from the current SharePoint Object Model.
Features nobody gives a sh*t about
I also found several new features that probably won't interest a living soul. But because I do want to mention it, I will make a short notice of their presence:
– It will be possible to get more info about crawled contents and status of crawls, programatically.
– Users can now edit a file if it's exclusively locked by someone else and likely merge it later.
– To get files from BLOB, SharePoint now has streams.
– In the current Client Object Model you would have to add a Form Digest control to be able to talk to SharePoint. In the next version that isn't necessary anymore, it then can be configured on the ClientContext.


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Hi guys, Having a couple of days in Toronto before flying home to the coffee starved highlands (with a wee stop in Glasgow and hopefully a trip the lovely coffee, chocolate and tea)! what are the must visits in town? We're staying near to a metro station so getting around should be easy enough! Have been visiting family in Montreal so had a good schlek around the city's coffee shops- will report on return to the U.k
Many thanks in advance


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Failover Test Management Operating Model
|1. A very loose framework or high level process that shows the most basic and fundamental interactions between Failover Test Management related Resources or Organizations and their key Stakeholders, which are often external to the Failover Test Management Organization, itself.
Read More
|1) The Semantic Root Noun for this term is: Failover Test
2) Semantically Related Terms: The "Failover Test Management Glossary"
3) The Failover Test Management Home Page covers much more about other related terms and concepts associated with this term or phrase.


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According to the Road which bends in a Winding manner, the General's set to debut a new small-to-medium-size vehicle platform that the automaker's calling "Alpha." They're claiming the new franken-platform's going to incorporate pieces of the Kappa architecture and the Zeta architecture to create a brand new monsterrific rear-wheel drive base for the Pontiac and Cadillac brands. The WR boys claim the G6 will be the first to use the new patchwork RWD platform. All this is really cool and all, but we're mostly excited they called Bob Lutz the "Resident Car Czar." Now all we need is for him to get some bolts on the side of his head, get WR to call him "Maximum" and we'll be good to go!
GM's Next RWD Platform: Alpha [Winding Road]
Kappa Expansion: Saab Sonett a Go?; Pontiac Returning to Rear-Drive Roots? [internal]


text: Beaver Stadium found a new home on the east end of campus in 1960. The stadium is named in honor of James A. Beaver. A lawyer in nearby Bellefonte at the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army as a second lieutenant and rose to the rank of brigadier general before his discharge in 1864. Beaver, who died in 1914, served as a superior court judge, governor of Pennsylvania and president of Penn State's Board of Trustees. He is credited with being among the most influential leaders in the development of the University at the turn of the century.


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Posts Tagged Masculine
Krishna as Teacher of Love
Posted by Kim Graae Munch in Esoterics, Hinduism, Indian esoteric, Rosicrucianism on December 27, 2015
A dear friend of mine made me aware of Krishna in modern India, and I am impressed by the life and devotion.
Krishna and Radha
One of the central themes is the love between Krishna and Radha.
It's the same story we also know in Greek with Hermaphroditos and Salmakis or from the Hebrew with Adam and Lilith.
The love affair starts when the astral body joins with the etheric body, and it ends when Krishna leaves Radha, the astral separates from the etheric, causing Radhas death, symbolizing that the etherbody are bound to the physical body.
This is both a cosmic event, that happened when dreamtime ended, but it happens also each day, when we go through the small death.
When we wake, and the etherbody joins with the astral body, the love affair starts.
When we sleep, and the astral body separates from the etherbody, only connected to the etherbody through a silver cord, she dies, she become unconscious and enter sleep.
The initiation, the Rosicrucian Chümical wedding, the Union of the masculine and feminine, is the marriage between Krishna and Radha, thereafter they will not separate again.
Krishna as Teacher of Love
A dialog from Gita Govinda is telling that each person is the half of a soul, that they are searching their other half (twin-spirit), and one of Krishna's tasks is to learn humankind to love, as it's the only way to find the other half.
Krishna: "When two souls are united, the difference of the other or second vanishes; so if we are but one soul, then why do you wish for marriage?"
Radha: "Right now I see no difference between me and the others; everyone thinks you belong to them; so how does that set me apart?"
Krishna: "There are hundred Gopis who search for me every day; who wish to be with me; but you're the only one I search for, and wish to be with; does that not set you apart?"
Radha: "No, it does not; because you seem eager to accept the Love of every Gopi, not just mine; I have no proof I'm apart from others."
Krishna: "I am eager to accept the Love of not just every Gopi, but every Gwala, and every other creature that wants to shower me with love.
Can't you see Radha, that is the purpose why I am here; to fill every living soul with Love; to teach every creature to Love.
I cannot reject any Love that is offered to me; Love requires both strength and courage. It requires courage to profess Love; Love that is professed and accepted gives strength.
Courage and strength will help every living being to endure the highs and lows of life. By encouraging living beings to profess their love to me, I gift them courage; by accepting their love, I gift them strength
If every Radha has to find her Krishna, and every Krishna His Radha, they have to start somewhere, with someone.
I am that Beginning; by learning to love me, and feeling that they are loved in return, I take every Gopi and Gwala as every other creature one step forward towards their own Krishnas and Radhas.
If I were to reject their Love, then they would never have the courage to ever profess Love to anyone again, then how would they ever find and unite, with their own Krishnas and Radhas?"
Radha: "Even if I were to accept what you are saying Krishna, how does it prevent you from marrying me, if it is important to me? What is it that prevents you from marrying me?
Krishna: "Because, we are but one soul; marriage is to unite two souls; we are one soul split into two; we are simply part of the other."
Radha: "If we are but one soul split into two, then Krishna, then you should not have a problem offering me marriage."
Krishna: "Now you are speaking from Ego; Ego divides; you are seeing us as two separate entities; speak from Love and you'll see we were one."
Krishna and Romanticism
At the start of the human development we were animals with a soul seed, we acted as animals and we procreated as animals, mindless love, we should learn to love as individuals, face to face, and it didn't happen by chance, books were written to teach mankind how to do it, into the least detail, like Kama Sutra, and Krishna teached man how to love with the heart.
A sahajiya poem of Vidyāpati is rendered into English by David R. Kinsley thus:
As I near the bed,
He smiles and gazes.
Flower-arrows fill the world.
The sport of love,
Its glow and luxuries
Are indescribable, O friend,
And when I yield myself,
His joy is endless.
Freeing my skirt,
He snatches at my garland.
My downcast mind
Is freed of frontiers,
Though my life is held
In the net of his love.
He drinks my lips.
With heart so thrilled,
He take my clothes away.
I lose my body
At his touch
And long to check
But grant his love.
Says Vidyāpati:
Sweet as honey
Is the talk of a girl in love.
On Facebook: Krishna and Radha


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Milwaukee M18 Fuel 1/2″ Drill/Driver
First, some tool-time basics: New "brushless" drill/drivers feature a made-over motor design that gives you more power and longer battery life. The Milwaukee M18 Fuel 1/2″ Drill/Driver was the only one we tested that could pound through concrete and brick as easily as wood. Bonus: It shrugged off multiple falls from ladder perches. [$230; milwaukeetool.com]
For access to exclusive gear videos, celebrity interviews, and more, subscribe on YouTube!Back to top


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Having trouble accessing the Egg Decorator app?It could be for one of the following reasons:
You Need Adobe® Flash® Player to Create Brilliant Eggs!
It looks like you don't have Adobe® Flash® Player, which is needed to experience our Egg Decorator app.
If you're using a desktop computer, you can download the latest version of Adobe® Flash® Player for free here.
Have an iPad®?
You can dye, decorate and share eggs using our free app.
From your iPad®, the Egg Decorator can be downloaded from the App StoreSM.
We're sorry, but Egg Decorator is not compatible with any mobile device.
But you can enjoy Egg Decorator on your desktop computer, laptop or iPad®!
App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc.
iPad is a registered trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Adobe and Flash are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.


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Pursuing a Passion is More than her Day Job
It might seem strange to mingle two mediums like engineering and music together, but Kameelah Samar Majied is quick to point out how her two passions in life have a lot in common.
"If you think about it, they are very similar. Both allow me a different kind of freedom, a creativity. They both allow me the freedom to be inventive. (For instance), when you're working with lyrics and music, you're building a song," she says.
Majied '00, M.S. '08, has managed to put her engineering degree from Stevens to good use. She began her career at Bristol-Myers Squibb designing production packaging equipment for Oncology & Cardiovascular categories with assignments in Puerto Rico and Indiana. She then ventured into the cosmetic/personal care industrial as a package development manager in the Luxury division at L'Oreal USA. For the past four years, she has worked as a package engineering manager with Limited Brands, the parent organization of several well-known companies such as Bath & Body Works and Victoria's Secret. Majied works on major brand categories with a key focus on component design, production fulfillment, and innovation.
But her creative side is also reflected in her "moonlighting" gig as a singer and lyricist. This central New Jersey resident has been singing and writing music since she was young and currently heads her own five-member band, the Kameelah Samar Jazz Collective. The Collective sings locally in New Jersey and New York at various venues, such as weddings and clubs. "I have a lot of fun with music, but I can't support myself from it," she says in between slight laughs.
During a recent interview, Majied easily conveys her passion for engineering and music. While pursuing her baccalaureate degree at Stevens, she was heavily involved with activities outside of her studies. Among her many activities, she was a Resident Assistant, ran on the track team, played soccer, belonged to Alpha Phi Omega, wrote a column for The Stute, served on Student Government, was a member & leader of the engineering societies (ASME, NSBE, SWE), was a member of the Stevens Technical Enrichment Program (STEP), performed in the Glee Club and Jazz Ensemble and was a member of Gear and Triangle. "I was able to pursue all the things I love and I was able to do that because of Stevens," she says.
Majied enjoys being busy and even today, she still has her hand in many pots. About four years ago, she became a certified English as a Second Language instructor and currently teaches ESL to adults at a Perth Amboy, N.J., location. She's also involved with the National Society of Black Engineers as a member of the Regional Alumni Executive Board.
Oh, and she's working on a CD, which will be released this fall, titled "Celebrate the Season," a collection of Christmas songs, some holiday classic tunes and some of her original creation.
Dave Zimmerman '90, executive director of the De Baun Center for Performing Arts at Stevens, says he's not surprised to hear how full Majied's life is these days. "She is an example of someone making their degree from Stevens work for them,'' he says. "And Kameelah's right: There is a correlation between music and engineering, and she really makes both work for her in her life."
But Zimmerman thinks Majied has yet to reach her peak either musically or professionally.
"I wouldn't be surprised in 10 years to hear that she's being honored for her work in the engineering field and also to hear that she has a successfully-selling CD on the charts," he says. "She does so well in both fields. She really is a talented singer and has such a positive, outgoing personality."
Born in New York City to parents from Trinidad and Tobago, Majied was a sophomore at Camden Catholic High School in Cherry Hill, N.J., when she first heard about Stevens. She was volunteering at CCHS during a college fair, helping to set up the tables for the representatives, when she saw the Stevens table. She signed her name to a list for more information and from then on, she started receiving literature continuously, right up until her senior year. "I did consider engineering as a career. I was always interested in it. I just love the creativity with engineering. I love being able to build and create things," she says. She was the first of her generation in her family to graduate from college.
Besides providing a well-rounded experience, Stevens also provided something else for Majied: confidence. "Not that I ever had a real confidence problem," she laughs. "But Stevens allowed me to grow and lead in any career I chose. It was an additional boost to my confidence," she says.


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Hundreds of Prisoners to Be Able to Send Christmas Gifts to Family
Those serving time in jail or prison will be able to get handwritten cards and selected gifts delivered to their children this Christmas season thanks to The Salvation Army's Christmas Toy Lift program.
Under this program, The Salvation Army purchases gifts and allow inmates to select one gift per child. The children then receive a card, handwritten by their incarcerated parent, and the gift.
The Toy Lift seeks to quietly provide a service to those that are unable, the Christian ministry says on its website. What started as a program for roughly 600 children grew to over 1,500 last year, it adds.
"If you're in prison and you want to send your child a gift, this service is more than welcome," Don Winkler, Coordinator of Christmas Toy Lift, said in a statement. "The Christmas Toy Lift brings joy to children that otherwise would have to go without."
The Christmas Toy Lift is supported in part by donations to the Tree of Lights campaign. For the past 10 years, it has provided jailed family members of Sarpy and Douglas County Correctional Centers in Nebraska the chance to give their children Christmas gifts.
Meanwhile, Alabama Gov. Robert Bentley will be joined by officials of the Salvation Army on the Alabama Capitol steps to launch the 2012 Christmas Kettle Campaign in Montgomery. Bentley will launch the 2012 campaign during a news conference at 11 a.m. Monday, the newswire said.
The McHenry County, Ill., chapter of The Salvation Army also kicked off its Red Kettle campaign on Friday.
The annual fund-raising campaign normally starts each year on the Friday after Thanksgiving and ends on Christmas Eve. Every year, hundreds of volunteers ring bells at red kettles in hopes of reaching the army's holiday fundraising goal.
The Salvation Army serves about 30 million people every year, providing food, clothing and toys to poor families.
The red kettle campaign goes back to 1891, when Joseph McFee, a Salvation Army captain in San Francisco wanted to help the city's poor. He had a desire to give Christmas supper to at least 1,000 poor people, but had no money.
McFee prayed about it. Recalling his days as a sailor in England where he saw a large iron kettle called "Simpson's Pot" which would collect coins for the needy, he put a pot at the Oakland Ferry Landing, by the foot of San Francisco's Market Street. He placed a sign next to it that read, "Keep the Pot Boiling." By Christmas, the kettle had raised enough money to feed the poor.


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While the battle in Congress rages on over the Farm Bill, and the partisan divide widens over just who should get the most taxpayer funded welfare, I have been living a rather interesting life in direct contrast to all that the Farm Bill represents.
In March, some good friends of mine decided to "Go Galt." They chucked it all, jobs included, and bought a small farm in the hills of Tennessee. Neither of them had ever farmed, but once they found the property of their dreams, their plans began to solidify into reality in a very short amount of time. I came to the now working farm in early June and have been here, watching their dream produce a garden, raise livestock, and make money.
Enter Joel Salatin, self-described "Christian-libertarian-environmentalist-capitalist-lunatic-farmer." Salatin is the author of "You Can Farm", among other titles, and is changing views on farming all over the world. His model of sustainable, land-friendly farming, with a focus on making a profit (yes, you read that correctly, I said "profit") is garnering attention wordwide.
I had very little interest in being a farmer, but I began reading "You Can Farm" after my friends added his book to the very short list of reading that has "changed their lives." Considering their enthusiasm for their new life, and what I was seeing them accomplish every day, it's an understatement to say that my interest was piqued. I was hooked in the first ten pages.
"We don't need a law against McDonald's or a law against slaughterhouse abuse--we ask for too much salvation by legislation. All we need to do is empower individuals with the right philosophy and the right information to opt out en masse." -Joel Salatin
Salatin is bluntly honest about the challenges farmers face. From money and marketing, to public opinion and government regulation, he addresses them all head on and with no flowery-fake enthusiasm. Along the way, he also manages to remind the reader often that knowlege is king, and you will have to work for it, but it CAN be done. He knows; he's done it. His family farm model, Polyface Farms, is an inspiration the world over, and he is making millions. As a bonus, a very large portion of the information in this book can be applied to any other entrepreneural venture where the intention is to avoid being squashed by regulation and to actually make a profit.
Now, if you will excuse me, I have to check on the pigs and get ready to pick berries for the value-added baked goods we also offer from the farm. Next time, I'll tell you how Salatin's model is challenging specific regulation and the force gathering behind small famers in America. Hint: It isn't Congress, or a Farm Bill; with or without Food Stamps attached.
The Farm Bill is welfare for farmers. My wife and I farm and have made the decision to never take another dime from the government and always plant to our fullest potential. Other farmers only plant the bare minimum say they couldn't get to the other 500+ acres and rely on the government to pay them their crop insurance. Meanwhile government agencies like the FSA make cheap loans to giant farming corporations and deny the beginning farmer that shows how a profit can be made with no risk. Apparently, these agricultural agencies want you to show a negative profit. Why? Shouldn't they want farmers to make a profit. Someone needs to look into these agricultural agencies and blow the lid off, many of them are dated and not needed anymore.


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A study led by researchers at the University of Colorado has found that mid-elevation mountain forests are more vulnerable to year-to-year fluctuations in snowpack.
University of Colorado assistant professor Noah Molotch and researcher Ernesto Trujillo led the study, which looked at the "greenness" or productivity of forests in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California in relation to a variety of factors, including moisture, energy and temperature.
The team found that there is a "tipping point" between forests whose growth is most limited by water — between 6,500 and 8,500 feet in elevation in the Sierra Nevadas — and higher-elevation forests whose growth is primarily limited by temperature and sunlight.
Using satellite imagery and ground measurements from the period between 1982 and 2006, the researchers determined that variations in snowpack accounted for half of all the variation in greenness in mid-elevation forests.
"What we were surprised by is that when we looked at just the snowpack compared to how green the forest was, about 50 percent of (forest greenness) variability was accounted for by just one metric," Molotch said in an interview. "The snowpack has this dramatic effect on the productivity of the forest during the growing season."
Snow supplies 60 to 80 percent of the water in the mountains, but differences in available moisture did not seem to have the same effect at higher elevations.
"The snowpack is like Mother Nature's drip irrigation system," said Molotch, also a researcher at CU's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. "If we get a big snowpack year, it's like leaving that drip on later into the year."
Because climate change seems to be causing lower snowpack and drier, warmer winters in the mountain West, the findings could mean that forests in the future will be more vulnerable to threats such as fire and insect infestation.
And the most affected forests are those where humans spend the most time. Whether it's mountain communities, recreation areas or forest lands managed for resource extraction or fire risk, Molotch said, "That's the same elevation band where we identify this great vulnerability to the variation in the snowmelt."
The study also found lower carbon intake in mid-elevation forests when moisture levels were lower. That would indicate as climate change reduces snowpack, mid-elevation forests will absorb less carbon.
Molotch said the finding goes against some of the conventional wisdom that plants will be more productive in a warmer climate and absorb more carbon. That may be true in some ecosystems, but not in mid-elevation forests in the Sierras.
The researchers began studying data in other mountain forests — including in Colorado — last year to see if they find similar results. Because of differences in latitude and climate, the most affected elevations may be slightly different in other forests.
"It suggests that we need to study this in more detail in other mountain environments," Molotch said.
The study, published online Sunday in Nature Geosciences, was funded by the National Science Foundation and NASA.
Contact Camera Staff Writer Erica Meltzer at 303-473-1355 or email@example.com.


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Parking in Seattle
1100 5th Ave - Hotel Vintage Valet Garage3 min walkingParking Garage
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No need to stress when parking in Seattle! Simply enter your destination and explore your street parking & parking garage options on our Seattle parking map: - Free of charge parking options: find free street parking (time limitations may apply) to save money on parking. - Paid parking options: compare prices to find cheap parking on a parking meter or in a parking garage to never pay more than what you should! - Overnight parking: use the filters to find cheap overnight parking whether on street or in a parking garage. Enjoy your time in Seattle!
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text:
With the Occupy movement sent packing (at least temporarily) the fight remains alive on California's public university campuses.
At these universities, the complaint is that the 1 percent aren't paying enough, so tuition is going up.
The complaint about rising fees and tuition is a valid one, but the 1 percent vs. 99 percent idea doesn't really explain the problem.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
A better way to think of the tuition situation at California universities is to think of a barbell.
A barbell is big and heavy on its ends.
That's true of the state's public universities too.
Students from families at the top end of the income scale are well represented at these universities because they can easily afford to attend. Even with huge tuition increases, higher education remains a bargain.
And students from the bottom end of the income scale can afford to attend -- because they have to pay very little. Tuition and student services fees are covered for students with parental income of $80,000 or less.
No, the problem is the thin middle. Students from middle class families have the hardest time because they're not rich enough to make paying tuition easy but they're not poor enough to qualify for generous financial aid packages. The middle is bearing the brunt of tuition and fee increases.
Why are those increases being made? Because of declining state support for higher education.
One could blame that lack of support on rich people for not paying more taxes. But that's only a small part of the real reason.
The budget system itself is to blame.
That system was constructed by voters, who have chosen to erect tax limits and spending mandates and constitutional protections for all sorts of programs -- but not for higher education.
Those protections have been supported by many of the unions, interest groups and politicians currently expressing sympathy with the student protestors.
With the voters and virtually the entire California elite sitting on the higher education barbell, no wonder it's so hard to lift.
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.


text:
The KDC415iT-SF-R2 enables diverse mobile Auto-Identification applications to collect barcode and MSR data with various smartphones and tablets. KOAMTAC's innovative Bluetooth technology and user friendly design allows users to upgrade their smartphone periodically while keeping the KDC400 main system. A built-in 1200mAh rechargeable battery can be used as an external power source for smartphones. An optional secondary Bluetooth port provides seamless connectivity to other Bluetooth peripherals such as mobile printers. KDC400 comes with FREE KTSync keyboard wedging software and FREE SDK for Android, Blackberry, iOS (iPhone, iPod touch, iPad) and Windows.
- SmartSled Case Sold Separately
- Supports all Major 1D and 2D Barcodes
- Bluetooth V2.1+EDR, Class 2, HID/SPP/MFi
- MSR Card Reader


text:
Profiles - Computer Science
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Browse by profile type:
Afnan Althoupety's Path to Portland
Doctoral candidate, Afnan Althoupety, showed incredible determination and drive while pursuing her dream to earn her degree from Portland State.
|Graduate Student
Leila Hawana takes a new direction in Computer Science
The Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science gives students from non-Computer Science backgrounds a solid foundation for building their careers.
|Graduate Student
Liz Lawrens on her new beginnings in tech
Through Portland State's immersive program in Computer Science, one graduate student jump-started her career in tech in the U.S.
|Graduate Student
Is this the Beginning of the End for the Serial Number?
With a novel algorithm and a high-resolution terahertz laser scanner, Dr. Suresh Singh might change the way we keep track of our most valuable possessions.
Cyber Discovery Camp
PSU hosts teams of high school students and teachers at an interdisciplinary summer camp designed to cultivate cyber citizenship and interest in STEM-related fields.
Artificial Intelligence, Education, & Complexity
Dr. Melanie Mitchell is developing machine intelligence and educating students at PSU and around the world.
Virtual Device Technologies
Enabling effective, inexpensive, and convenient virtual prototyping for developers of software and electronic devices.
Developing 3D Editing Technology
Professor Feng Liu answers the challenges of stereoscopic image and video editing.
Removing Constraints to Scientific Discovery: "Data Near Here"
Dr. David Maier and Veronika Megler, both of the department of Computer Science, talk about a technology developed to help scientists draw relevant observations from massive datasets.
kaPoW! A New Defense against Web Attacks
Wu-chang Feng, Associate Professor in the department of Computer Science, is looking to place his new defense mechanism between your favorite Internet services and attackers.
Meet Ralf Juengling
2008-09 Maseeh Fellowship Recipient and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science at the Maseeh College.
|Graduate Student
Meet Professor Kristin Tufte
"I hope that by applying data stream technology to ITS systems we can develop improved real-time traffic performance measurements and metrics to help ITS professionals manage our nation's roads."
|Faculty Member
Meet Professor Suresh Singh
Suresh Singh works to identify ways to reduce electrical power consumption for the Internet.
|Faculty Member
Meet Professor Wu-chang Feng
Wu-chang Feng is working with Intel to develop hardware that detects cheating.
|Faculty Member
Meet Professor Melanie Mitchell
Melanie Mitchell is working to develop new algorithms that enable computers to identify and analyze visual images.
|Faculty Member
Meet Professor Nirupama Bulusu
Nirupama Bulusu is involved with a project of tracking the growth and migration of cane toads using a wireless network of acoustic sensors.
|Faculty Member
Meet Professor Warren Harrison
Warren Harrison is developing speech interaction techniques that will enable police officers to use voice commands to run license plate records and criminal histories on their in-car computers.
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Meet Josh Triplett
My advice to prospective computer science students is to get a good advisor and take full advantage of the many opportunities at Portland State to be involved.
|Graduate Student
Meet Professor David Maier
"I'm not sure what I would have done with my life if computers hadn't been invented. I'm fascinated by all aspects of computer science, and it's let me collaborate with a wide variety of people in other areas of science and engineering."
|Faculty Member
Meet Kathryn Mohror
The atmosphere in the Department of Computer Science is comfortable and inclusive. I feel I'm getting a high quality education with healthy collaborative relationships between faculty and graduate students.
|Graduate Student
Meet Professor Karen Karavanic
Karen Karavanic's enthusiasm for research motivates her to integrate cutting edge results into all of her courses.
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Meet Marius Nita
"Working with PSU's great research faculty has been an incredible experience."
Meet Harkirat Singh
"Receiving the Maseeh Fellowship inspired me to want to give back to the professional and academic community."
Meet Professor Bryant York
When not teaching and working with students in his adaptive learning lab in PSU's Computer Science Department, Dr. Bryant York helps shape the future of computer science.
|Faculty Member


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For more information, please contact [email protected]
For more information contact:
Buffalo Grove, IL – While e-mail, Twitter, Facebook and IM are more popular than ever, personalized notecards continue to be one of the season's hottest holiday gift items. After all, you can't wrap an e-mail. Hand -written letters showcase tradition and style.
TheStationeryStudio.com is busier than ever filling orders for thousands of boxes a week of personalized stationery ranging from adorable to elegant styles at affordable price points. The holiday season is the perfect time to reinstate the fine art of proper correspondence or to introduce a child or young adult to the art of letter writing. Showing gratitude has never gone out of style. Who doesn't love the thrill of getting a letter in the mailbox?
TheStationeryStudio.com has great personalized gifts for everyone on your list. Our stationery sets make the perfect gift for the traditional adult or the trendy teenager. Make a hit and a lasting impression this holiday season with personalized stationery, a gift that serves as a thoughtful reminder of your love throughout the year.
The written word is so important, especially in this hurried time of electronic communication. Staying in touch with family and friends is priceless during the holidays – or any time of year.
The Stationery Studio, LLC, the industry's leader in premier online personalized stationery is a one-stop shop for all holiday entertaining needs.
TheStationeryStudio.com features more than 14,000 products that are featured frequently in national press outlets including "O" The Oprah Magazine, "In Style", "The Today Show", ABC-TVs "The View", "The Rachael Ray Show" and more.
The Buffalo Grove, IL-based company has created announcements, wedding invitations, personalized gifts and party supplies for some of Hollywood's biggest event planners and A-list celebrities.
Join us on Facebook and Twitter and read more ideas for holiday entertaining and more on our Studio Notes blog at http://blog.thestationerystudio.com


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variable-rate certificate of deposit(redirected from Variable Rate CD)
Variable-Rate Certificate of Deposit
A certificate of deposit for which the interest rate changes according to some formula at set intervals. Investors use variable-rate certificates of deposit when they want a low-risk investment but expect prevailing interest rates to rise during the life of the CD. See also: Variable-rate bond.
variable-rate certificate of deposit
A certificate of deposit that pays a rate of interest that changes at predetermined intervals according to a specified formula or a key interest rate. This savings instrument is most appropriate if the investor expects short-term interest rates to rise before the certificates mature.


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Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode 2 releases today
Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode 2 begins hitting today, and will be rolling out to various platforms through the rest of the week.
With a few overshadowing presences hitting today, it would be easy to overlook just about any other game that releases. So just in case you prefer furries with "tude" to crippling addictions to pills or loot, Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode 2 begins rolling out today, and will hit various other platforms through the rest of the week.
The Sega Blog outlines the release plans. Today it comes to PlayStation Network and PC via Steam, followed tomorrow on XBLA. Each of those versions will be $14.99 (1200 MSP). Plus, it will hit certain Android phones tomorrow, and the iOS App Store on Thursday. Mobile versions will cost $6.99.
As previously reported, grabbing Episode 2 on the same platform that you played Episode 1 will grant you special "Episode Metal" stages starring Metal Sonic. The game and "Episode Metal" content will come to more Android devices in June, and Windows Phones by July.
Downloading the game on two platforms will have your name featured in a video from Sega, and grabbing four versions (for some reason) will get you a mini-poster signed by the Sega of America team.
"Sonic 4 Episode II is very special because we've integrated community feedback into the game," said digital senior VP Haruki Satomi, in the announcement. "We have some of the most loyal and dedicated fans and I hope they enjoy this next chapter in the Sonic 4 saga."
Those changes include a revamped graphics and physics engine, to get rid of some of the Episode 1 foibles, plus the return of Tails. Last we heard, Sega isn't planning a third episode.
Steve Watts posted a new article, Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode 2 releases today.
Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode 2 begins hitting today, and will be rolling out to various platforms through the rest of the week.
Have you not seen any gameplay videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCYbmTL_fTM&hd=1


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Church interior, Alabama or Tennessee: photo by Walker Evans, 1936
Church of the Nazarene, Tennessee: photo by Walker Evans, 1936
Church, Southeastern U.S.: photo by Walker Evans, 1936
"forlorn hope . . . ramshackle doorway" --
Walker Evans' "Church interior" gives a different take on "Here is the church/ here is the steeple/ open up the doors/ and see all the people"
light coming into fog against invisible
ridge, waning white moon above branches
in foreground, sound of wave in channel
imperceptible continuity of
this instant, happens
according to proportion, so
was possible, is what
grey white fog against invisible point,
whiteness of gull on tip of GROIN sign
Evans' church interior accentuates the Negative (Space), emphasizing the dark shadows that fall beneath the passing wing of the dove.
Love that waning white moon.
Reminds me I really ought to get out of the ward more.
Bits of saffron light peeping o'er yon hill to penetrate a bower of dead ivy out the window now, as morning traffic revs up.
A place to seek--
a better feeling
when finally
walking away
and the temple
is now behind
relief that
I don't need
to be perfect
or even think
about it
scars warts fungus
rot and all
is beauty
Little barn
Bohemian Digger
Hipster Dadaist
Beat all still
for shelter
The Secretary's Report
quite near
thank you
here in this
useful crucial
In the wake of all those avian beauties passing through here over the last few days, it's strange to think of the shadow of this flight passing.
The empty (or emptying) churches, you can sometimes find God hid in the dust in the corners or some old woman's well-weathered silence. What we find in those vast air-conditioned temples of monied ecstasy, it's best not to speak of it.
In the vacated shadows, the seekers are still seeking.
Where else is there to fly to but the memory of sanctuary?
Over here the devout (and not so) Greeks always cross themselves religiously when passing a church; I've yet to see any of them do the same whenever a dove passes over their "devout" heads.
Give a fly the bum's rush,
no speck of malice
save its buzzy little tush,
open window,
fan with Bible tract, by God
I'd rather do it thus
than stick or swat,
old anger's blunderbuss.
Fly freedom
for the both of us.


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The search found 160 results in 0.011 seconds.
The American Sociological Association (ASA) filed an amicus curiae brief yesterday with the Supreme Court of the United States in the same-sex marriage cases currently pending before the court. The ASA's brief highlights the social science consensus that children raised by same-sex parents fare just as well as children raised by different-sex parents.
A new study finds that many U.S. adults — roughly one in five — are deeply religious, know a lot about science, and support many practical uses of science and technology in everyday life, but reject scientific explanations of creation and evolution.
With the Supreme Court of the United States expected to rule imminently in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, which addresses the matter of marriage equality and the constitutional status of state bans on same-sex marriage, the American Sociological Association (ASA) has a number of sociologists available to discuss same-sex marriage.
Putting the lie to "digital dualism" in an essay on the inseparability of online and offline selves.
We propose a synthesis of two lines of sociological research on boundary spanning in cultural production and consumption. One, research on cultural omnivorousness, analyzes choice by heterogeneous audiences facing an array of crisp cultural offerings. The other, research on categories in markets, analyzes reactions by homogeneous audiences to objects that vary in the degree to which they conform to categorical codes. We develop a model of heterogeneous audiences evaluating objects that vary in typicality.
Lawyers keep the gates of public justice institutions, particularly through their roles in formal procedures like hearings and trials. Yet, it is not clear what lawyers do in such quintessentially legal settings: conclusions from past research are bedeviled by a lack of clear theory and inconsistencies in research design. Conceptualizing litigation work in terms of professional expertise, I conduct a theoretically grounded synthesis of the findings of extant studies of lawyers' impact on civil case outcomes.
The article focuses on the relationship between street vendors and local authorities in Bangkok. We examine the goals, the means, and the effects of everyday regulation of street vending. We document how the district administration produces and maintains informality by creating a parallel set of rules where street vendors enjoy negligible rents and little competition. We provide detailed empirical evidence on earnings, rents, fines, and rules regarding commercial real estate.
This study examines the relationship between interreligious contact and negative attitudes toward the religious outgroup among minority Christians and majority Muslims in Indonesia. It answers two research questions: Does interreligious contact reduce negative outgroup attitudes equally for minority Christians and majority Muslims? Are mediation by perceived group threat and moderation by perceived discrimination equally important for religious minorities and majorities?
Although research has established a very strong relationship between the presence of a psychiatric disorder and victimization in prisons, some gaps remain in our understanding. This study considers the importance of gender differences in this relationship. Estimates based on the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities show that psychiatric disorders have a stronger relationship with victimization among male inmates than among female inmates. Yet the size of the gender difference varies greatly depending on the specific disorder.
As work regimes become global, social communication increasingly occurs across locations far apart. In the absence of a common national, ethnic, or organizational culture across continents, what makes communication possible among social worlds technologically integrated in real time? Taking India's global call centers as the focus of analysis, this article attempts to solve the riddle of communication by showing how transnational business practices rely on the transmutation of cultural communication into global communication through the processes of neutralization and mimesis.