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376 The blessing of the sick by the ministers of the Church is a very ancient custom, having its origins in the practice of Christ himself and his apostles. When ministers visit those who are sick, they are to respect the provisions of Pastoral Care of the Sick: Rites of Anointing and Viaticum, nos. 42-56, but the primary concern of every minister should be to show the sick how much Christ and his Church are concerned for them.
377 The text of Pastoral Care of the Sick indicates many occasions for blessing the sick and provides the blessing formularies.
378 The present order may be used by a priest or deacon. It may also be used by a layperson, who follows the rites and prayers designated for a lay minister. While maintaining the structure and chief elements of the rite, the minister should adapt the celebration to the circumstances of the place and the people involved.
379 When just one sick person is to be blessed, a priest or a deacon may use the short formulary given in no. 406
A. Order for the Blessing of Adults
Introductory Rites
380 When the community has gathered, the minister says:In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.All make the sign of the cross and reply:Amen.381 A minister who is a priest or a deacon greets those present in the following or other suitable words, taken mainly from sacred Scripture.Peace be with you (this house) and all who live here.Or:The peace of the Lord be with you always.All make the following or some other suitable reply.And also with you.382 A lay minister greets those present in the following words.Brothers and sisters, let us bless the Lord, who went about doing good and healing the sick. Blessed be God now and for ever.
R. Blessed be God now and for ever.Or:R. Amen.383 In the following or similar words, the minister prepares the sick and all present for the blessing.The Lord Jesus, who went about doing good works and healing sickness and infirmity of every kind, commanded his disciples to care for the sick, to pray for them, and to lay hands on them. In this celebration we shall entrust our sick brothers and sisters to the care of the Lord, asking that he will enable them to bear their pain and suffering in the knowledge that, if they accept their share in the pain of his own passion, they will also share in its power to give comfort and strength.
384 A reader, another person present, or the minister reads a text of sacred Scripture, taken preferably from the texts given in Pastoral Care of the Sick and the Lectionary for Mass. The readings chosen should be those that best apply to the physical and spiritual condition of those who are sick.Brothers and sisters, listen to the words of the second letter of Paul to the Corinthians:1:3-7
The God of all consolation.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and God oft all encouragement, who encourages us in our every affliction, so that we may be able to encourage those who are in any affliction with the encouragement with which we ourselves are encouraged by God. For as Christ's sufferings overflow to us, so through Christ does our encouragement also overflow. If we are afflicted, it is for your encouragement and salvation; if we are encouraged, it is for your encouragement, which enables you to endure the same sufferings that we suffer. Our hope for you is firm, for we know that as you share in the sufferings, you also share in the encouragement.385 Or:Brothers and sisters, listen to the words of the holy gospel according to Matthew: 11:28-30
Come to me and I will refresh you.
Jesus said to the crowds: "Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for yourselves. For my yoke is easy, and my burden light."386 Or:Brothers and sisters, listen to the words of the holy gospel according to Mark: 6:53-56
They laid the sick in the marketplace.
After making the crossing, Jesus and his disciples came to land at Gennesaret and tied up there. As they were leaving the boat, people immediately recognized him. They scurried about the surrounding country and began to bring in the sick on mats to wherever they heard he was. Whatever villages or towns or countryside he entered, they laid the sick in the marketplaces and begged him that they might touch only the tassel on his cloak; and as many as touched it were healed.387 As circumstances suggest, one of the following responsorial psalms may be sung or said, or some other suitable song.R. Lord, you have preserved my life from destruction.Isaiah 38Once I said, "
In the noontime of life I must depart!
To the gates of the nether world I shall be consigned
for the rest of my years."R.
I said, "I shall see the LORD no more
in the land of the living.
No longer shall I behold my fellow men
among those who dwell in the world."R.
My dwelling, like a shepherd's tent,
is struck down and borne away from me;
You have folded up my life, like a weaver
who severs the last thread.R.
Those live whom the LORD protects;
yours . . . the life of my spirit.
You have given me health and life.R.Psalm 102:2-3, 24-25
R. (v. 2) O Lord, hear my prayer, and let my cry come to you.388 As circumstances suggest, the minister may give those present a brief explanation of the biblical text, so that they may understand through faith the meaning of the celebration.
389 The intercessions are then said. The minister introduces them and an assisting minister or one of those present announces the intentions. From the following intentions those best suited to the occasion may be used or adapted, or other intentions that apply to those who are sick and to the particular circumstances may be composed.The Lord Jesus loves our brothers and sisters who are ill. With trust let us pray to him that he will comfort them with his grace, saying:
The minister says:
R. Lord, give those who are sick the comfort of your presence.Assisting minister:Lord Jesus, you came as healer of body and of spirit, in order to cure all our ills.R.Assisting minister:You were a man of suffering, but it was our infirmities that you bore, our sufferings that you endured.R.Assisting minister:You chose to be like us in all things, in order to assure us of your compassion.R.Assisting minister:You experienced the weakness of the flesh in order to deliver us from evil.R.Assisting minister:At the foot of the cross your Mother stood as companion in your sufferings, and in your tender care you gave her to us as our Mother.R.Assisting minister:It is your wish that in our own flesh we should fill up what is wanting in your sufferings for the sake of your Body, the Church.R.390 Instead of the intercessions or in addition to them, one of the following litanies taken from Pastoral Care of the Sick, nos. 245 and 138, may be used.Minister:You bore our weakness and carried our sorrows: Lord, have mercy.
R. Lord, have mercy.Minister:You felt compassion for the crowd, and went about doing good and healing the sick: Christ, have mercy.
R. Christ, have mercy.Minister:You commanded your apostles to lay their hands on the sick in your name: Lord, have mercy.
R. Lord, have mercy.391 Or:The minister says:Let us pray to God for our brothers and sisters and for all those who devote themselves to caring for them.Assisting minister:Bless N. and N: and fill them with new hope and strength: Lord, have mercy.
R. Lord, have mercy.Assisting minister:Relieve their pain: Lord, have mercy.R.Assisting minister:Free them from sin and do not let them give way to temptation: Lord, have mercy.R.Assisting minister:Sustain all the sick with your power: Lord, have mercy.R.Assisting minister:Assist all who care for the sick: Lord, have mercy.R.Assisting minister:Give life and health to our brothers and sisters on whom we lay our hands in your name: Lord, have mercy.R.
392 A minister who is a priest or deacon may, as circumstances suggest, lay his hands on the head of each sick person, and then say the prayer of blessing.Lord, our God,
you sent your Son into the world
to bear our infirmities
and to endure our sufferings.
For N. and N., your servants who are sick,
we ask that your blessing will give them strength
to overcome their weakness
through the power of patience and the comfort of hope
and that with your aid they will soon be restored to health.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.393 Or, without the laying on of hands:Lord Jesus,
who went about doing good and healing all,
we ask you to bless your friends who are sick.
Give them strength in body, courage in spirit, and patience with pain.
Let them recover their health,
so that, restored to the Christian community,
they may joyfully praise your name,
for you live and reign for ever and ever.R. Amen.394 A lay minister traces the sign of the cross on the forehead of each sick person and says the following prayer of blessing.Lord, our God,
who watch over your creatures with unfailing care,
keep us in the safe embrace of your love.
With your strong right hand raise up your servants (N. and N.)
and give them the strength of your own power.
Minister to them and heal their illnesses,
so that they may have from you the help they long for.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.395 Or, for one sick person:Lord and Father, almighty and eternal God,
by your blessing you give us strength and support in our frailty:
turn with kindness toward this your servant N.
Free him/her from all illness and restore him/her to health,
so that in the sure knowledge of your goodness
he/she will gratefully bless your holy name.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.396 After the prayer of blessing, the minister invites all present to pray for the protection of the Blessed Virgin. They may do so by singing or reciting a Marian antiphon, for example, We turn to you for protection (Sub tuum praesidium) or Hail, Holy Queen.
397 A minister who is a priest or a deacon concludes the rite by facing the sick and saying:May God the Father bless you.
R. Amen.
May God the Son comfort you.
R. Amen.
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten you.
R. Amen.Then he blesses all present.And may almighty God bless you all,
the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
R. Amen.398 A lay minister invokes the Lord's blessing on the sick and all present by signing himself or herself with the sign of the cross and saying:May the Lord Jesus Christ,
who went about doing good and healing the sick,
grant that we may have good health
and be enriched by his blessings.
R. Amen.
B. Order for the Blessing of Children
Intercessions399 For the blessing of sick children, the texts already given are to be adapted to the children's level, but special intercessions are provided here and a special prayer of blessing.
400 To the following intentions others may be added that apply to the condition of the sick children and to the particular circumstances.The Lord Jesus loved and cherished the little ones with a special love. Let us, then, pray to him for these sick children, saying:
The minister says:
R. Lord, keep them in all their ways.Or:R. Lord, hear our prayer.Assisting minister:Lord Jesus, you called the little children to come to you and said that the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these; listen with mercy to our prayers for these children. (For this we pray:)R.Assisting minister:You revealed the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, not to the wise of this world, but to little children; give these children the proof of- your love. (For this we pray:)R.Assisting minister:You praised the children who cried out their Hosannas on the eve of your passion; strengthen these children and their parents with your holy comfort. (For this we pray:)R.Assisting minister:You charged your disciples to take care of the sick; stand at the side of all those who so gladly devote themselves to restoring the health of these children. (For this we pray:)R.
Prayer of Blessing401 A minister who is a priest or deacon may, as circumstances suggest, lay his hands on the head of each sick child, and then say the prayer of blessing.Lord, our God,
your Son Jesus Christ welcomed little children and blessed them.
Stretch out your right hand over these little children, N. and N., who are sick.
Grant that, made well again,
they may return to their parents
and to the community of your holy Church
and give you thanks and praise.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.402 A lay minister, and particularly a mother or father when blessing a sick child, traces the sign of the cross on each child's forehead and then says the following prayer of blessing.Father of mercy and God of all consolation,
you show tender care for all your creatures
and give health of soul and body.
Raise up these children
(or this child or the son/daughter you have given us)
from their (his/her) sickness.
Then, growing in wisdom and grace in your sight and ours,
they (he/she) will serve you all the days of their (his/her) life
in uprightness and holiness
and offer the thanksgiving due to your mercy.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.
C. Shorter Rite
403 The minister says:Our help is in the name of the Lord.All reply:Who made heaven and earth.404 One of those present or the minister reads a text of sacred Scripture, for example:Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and God of all encouragement, who encourages us in our every affliction, so that we may be able to encourage those who are in any affliction with the encouragement with which we ourselves are encouraged by God.
2 Corinthians 1:3-4Matthew 11:28-29Jesus said: "Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for yourselves.";405 As circumstances suggest, a minister who is a priest or deacon may lay hands on the sick person while saying the prayer of blessing; a lay minister may trace the sign of the cross on the sick person's forehead while saying the prayer.Lord and Father, almighty and eternal God,
by your blessing you give us strength and support in our frailty:
turn with kindness toward your servant, N.
Free him/her from all illness and restore him/her to health,
so that in the sure knowledge of your goodness
he/she will gratefully bless your holy name.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.
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Product Description
The piggies are boned, rolled and strung and the Porchetta is approximately 2kg. This will easily serve 6 - 8 guests, and due to the way we have prepared them they are very simple to carve and serve. To encourage the crackling, rub the outside of the piggie with oil and sprinkle generously with sea salt. We would recommend having your oven at about 220 degrees C for the first 25 - 30 minutes, so that the crackling gets a good start. An approximate cooking time would be 25 - 30 minutes for 500g, with a good 25 minutes for resting the meat once it is cooked, which helps it to relax and become easy to carve. Traditional accompaniments for pork such as apple sauce work really well ... and of course some lovely potatoes roasted in our award winning lovely Welsh Wagyu Fat are a must!
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|Boneless Suckling Pig (Porchetta) Min. 2kg
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Taxi Boat Casa Pura Vida Hotel Jaco to Montezuma
Taxi Boat - Water Taxi Services
Please find right below complete information. You will be able to make reservations and pay online right away by clicking on the "BOOK NOW" button or if you have questions and comments please send them all by clicking on the "INQUIRE" button.
Taxi Boat Casa Pura Vida Hotel Jaco to Montezuma:
Price: US$35 per person
Departure: 9:30 am / Arrival: 12:00 pm
From your hotel in Jaco Beach to Montezuma we have Taxi Boat Services, this service consist in a land shuttle from your hotel in Jaco Beach to Herradura Beach (just north of Jaco where the boats leave) and Taxi Boat from Herradura Beach to Montezuma arrival spot.


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Hi Neil. Thanks for inviting. I'd like to play sometime. I'm usually free after 7 weekdays. Do you know a good place to play?
hey neil.
i'm a 4.5 -5.0 male player in the rowland heights area. just seeing if yo'ure interesting in rallying sometime. thanks.
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It wasn't the gold she and her teammates expected, but it was still a special moment for Molly Schaus last night when she became an Olympic medalist.
It wasn't the gold she and her teammates expected, but it was still a special moment for Molly Schaus on Thursday night when she became an Olympic medalist.
The Natick, Mass., native won a silver medal as the U.S. women's Olympic hockey team lost to Team Canada 2-0.
"My family will still be thrilled to see me to come home and share the experience with them, so there's no pressure from them, but it would have been an added bonus (to win gold)," said the 21-year-old Boston College student.
"It's a dream come true to bring a medal home to my family and friends and be able to share that with all the people who have gotten me here. I've lived in a couple of different places and played for a lot of different coaches and it's great just to know that all their hard work paid off," she said.
Although Schaus, a goaltender, didn't play in the championship game, she did make a major contribution to the team's success.
The Olympic rookie got the start in the tournament's first game, playing 52 minutes without surrendering a goal as the U.S. blew out China 12-1. She said she was "anxious-excited" when she took to the ice for the contest.
"I definitely had some butterflies before the game, like most, but as soon as the puck dropped it was a hockey game," said Schaus, who is majoring in human development with a minor in biology.
What made the experience particularly memorable was that Vice President Joe Biden was in the stands for the game, sitting with 1980 "Miracle on Ice" men's hockey gold medalist Mike Eruzione.
"You look in the stands and see those two faces, you know you have to perform. You can't let them down," she said. "It was pretty cool. And he was shaking our hands as we got off the ice. It was great to see him come out here and support us."
From the moment Schaus arrived in Vancouver, she said the whole experience has been a whirlwind of excitement. She described how special it was to go through "processing" at the airport hotel for the first time, where athletes get shopping cart loads of free clothes.
Then came the drive into the Olympic Village, which was very emotional.
"To wake up the next morning and hop on the bus and drive into the village, it really was a dream come true," she said. "Just walking through there and looking around at all the different buildings with countries' flags hanging, it was kind of a surreal experience and one that I'll always remember."
That was followed by another wide-eyed moment -- marching in the opening ceremony.
"Just marching with your team and wearing the outfit, it hit me that this is real. I got texts from my friends saying, 'I just saw you on TV' -- you get the idea the whole world really is watching."
She described the Olympic experience as a balancing act between "taking everything in" and appreciating the magnitude of the games while staying focused on the business of playing in the most important hockey tournament of her life.
"It's what we've been doing since we were 10 years old," said Schaus, who was one of 10 finalists last year for the Patty Kazmaier Award, which is the Heisman Trophy of women's college hockey. "So once you get to the rink it's a familiar feeling."
It's also a familiar feeling for the Americans -- and their Canadian arch rivals -- to beat up on their opposition. The two teams combined to outscore their collective opposition by a total of 86-4 (40-2 for the U.S. and 46-2 for Canada). As has happened so many other times in major international competitions, it came down to Canada against the United States for the gold.
Just as the two teams make each other better through their rivalry, Schaus said her hockey has improved dramatically just being on the Olympic team -- practicing day in and day out with the best players in America and playing in front of crowds that are much larger than she's used to at BC.
"Whether you know it or not you're getting better every single day. It's an experience you'll have for the rest of your life and you can draw on it if you need it."
She has taken a year off from her studies to play for Team USA, but will return to school next year to play her final season for the Eagles.
The MetroWest Daily News


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It's easier to guide the vision and mission of a church you start. It's another thing to help a 135-year-old congregation re-imagine what it means to be a downtown urban church in a world that has changed dramatically all around it. At Milagro, the church we founded in our living room some nine years ago, we set the course for what we wanted that community to look like: a refuge for the spiritual walking wounded, safe haven for questions, doubt, and a culture of mutual encouragement, support and accountability that would allow people to explore their own relationship with the Divine. We have since set that community free and already, it is becoming something different.
As well it should.
Now we find ourselves at First Christian Church in downtown Portland; a different animal entirely. In some ways, the two communities are very complementary, in that one has what the other tends to lack. But we've discerned that, first and foremost, our job is to help cultivate a spirit of radical openness and welcome. But what does this mean, and how do we even begin to change the makeup of an institution that has exited for more than five generations before us?
Sometimes, it's the simplest things that say the most. We had a tradition at Milagro of "mugging" people when they came for the first time. This meant one of our hospitality stewards (AKA, "muggers") would approach them and give them a coffee mug filled with candy and some information about the church. With First Christian, however, most people know we're here; the bigger question lingering in the public mind is why.
In this case, instead of a brochure describing programs or institutional history, Amy included the welcome statement that follows, which she borrowed and adapted from a Catholic community:
Thank you for coming to First Christian Church.
We extend a special welcome to those who are single, married, divorced, gay, straight, filthy rich, dirt poor, no hablan Inglés. We extend a special welcome to those who are crying newborns, broken hearted, or in need of a safe place.
We welcome you if you can sing like Andrea Bocelli or like many of us who can't carry a note in a bucket. You're welcome here if you're "just browsing," just woke up or just got out of jail. We don't care if you believe in God or if you've never been to church.
We extend a special welcome to those who are over 60 but not grown up yet, and to teenagers who are growing up too fast. We welcome soccer moms, NASCAR dads, starving artists, tree-huggers, latte-sippers, vegetarians, junk-food eaters. We welcome those who are in recovery or still addicted. We welcome you if you're having problems or you're down in the dumps or if you don't like "organized religion," we've been there too.
If you blew all your offering money at the dog track, you're welcome here. We offer a special welcome to those who think the earth is flat, work too hard, don't work, can't spell, or because grandma is in town and wanted to go to church.
We welcome those who are inked, pierced or both. We offer a special welcome to those who could use a prayer right now, had religion shoved down your throat as a kid or got lost in traffic and wound up here by mistake. We welcome tourists, seekers and doubters, bleeding hearts … and you!
We are First Christian Church – a social justice congregation – and we love you.
There are some other little things we've adjusted, which may seem small to those coming in for the first time, but which involve a rethinking of years upon years of tradition. For example, no one is called a "visitor." Instead, there are "newcomers." This is because the term "visitor" suggests both someone who is passing through, and who also is somehow on the outside of things. Along those lines, we no longer invite people to membership; instead we invite people into covenant (a holy promise) with one another. Again, though it may seem a minor difference to newcomers, it suggests we're entering into something new together, rather than you, the newbie, coming into our existing institution.
After all, if someone new enters in, it's no longer the same community anyway. We are made new by every newcomer, and as such, we should recommit to the ever-evolving community which we promise to support and hold up.
All of this sounds really good, but it's not always easy. What happens to radical welcome when someone joins us (like last week) who seems to be suffering from untreated schizophrenia? Or how about when someone becomes verbally abusive (like several weeks back) and begins threatening people in the sanctuary? It would be easiest simply to invite all who make us uncomfortable to leave, and in the case of the abusive man, he was warned that, if he didn't leave or change his tone, the police would be called. He chose to go.
But we're a downtown church. People sleep on the steps of the building some nights. On any given Sunday, half a dozen people who live outside will join us for worship (or at least for coffee hour!). But this is the community we've chosen to be a part of, and it will not change in the foreseeable future. So if we're to be christlike to this community, we have to learn how do deal with the challenges that come with our chosen community.
For starters, we do a weekly street sandwich ministry, in which we make and hand out more than a hundred sandwiches (along with toothbrushes, toothpaste, soap, hats and gloves) to people on the streets. In doing so, we get to know them as people, much like us, rather than as foreigners invading "our space" on Sunday. We see them outside during the week, stop and chat, and the relationship not only changes us; it seems to change how they engage us when they come into the church. We're also coordinating with the local police department and social services to equip our people with the skills that will help them more capably and confidently help people who are struggling. We also want to keep referral resources at the ready for those who need them and are willing to accept help.
It's messy and complicated. It's hard work. It's unpredictable. And sometimes it can even be a little bit unnerving. But we choose this community, and if we also choose to live into the welcome message we offer in the mugs, it's the call into which we have to strive to live.


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Developing leaders is what business schools aspire to contribute to society. The pledge to do so features prominently in mission statements, web pages and course brochures—and it is as appealing as it is controversial. While large numbers of students flock to undergraduate, MBA and executive programs that promise to transform them into "leaders," the last decade has seen a mounting wave of criticism of what happens in those programs. Questions have been raised from outside and within management academia not only about whether and how business schools truly fulfill their promise to develop leaders, but also about what kind of leaders their graduates become and on whose behalf—with whose interests at heart—they lead. For all the fascination and controversy that surrounds leadership, there is broad consensus on two key points. First, becoming a leader is not just a matter of acquiring a body of knowledge and practicing a requisite set of skills. It entails deeper personal work. That is, it requires acquiring a clear sense of oneself—an identity—as a leader, and aligning it with one's personal values, history and purpose. The second point of consensus is that becoming a leader—and staying one—is a social endeavor. It requires understanding, connecting and giving voice to, the social context that ultimately grants or denies one's permission to lead. Learning to lead, in short, is not an abstract matter. The only way to do it is through experiences—of leading as well as of following—and ongoing reflection on those experiences to distil lessons that may in turn inform future practice.Given all that, critics of business schools argue, those who aspire to lead gain precious little by removing themselves from the 'real world' of practice. Despite these concerns, more optimistic authors argue that there is value in business education as a platform for leadership learning because work does not always offer the optimal conditions for individuals to draw meaningful lessons from their efforts. Pressure is often high and the focus is on achieving more than on learning. This is why, advocates of business schools suggest, it is beneficial to be immersed in an educational environment focused squarely on learning. With the help of conceptual frameworks that enable them to make sense of their experiences, and supportive, diverse communities that assist them in examining those experiences from new and different angles, individuals may learn more than they would in the workplace. They may also gain access to opportunities to lead that they would not have otherwise.
Furthermore, individuals whose careers unfold across different organizations often use business school courses as a way to expand their opportunities and facilitate transitions, relying on the communities that form there for direction and support. Whether because they orient students to the world of work, provide them a safe haven amidst uncertain and turbulent workplaces, or present them with chances to accelerate or reorient unfolding careers, business schools are powerful socializing agents. They often prescribe, more or less intentionally, what good leadership is and what it does—contributing to shape the pantheon of ideals that orients individuals' aspirations and efforts. This makes it all the more important to examine how they shape both individual leaders and the meaning of leadership. We are less concerned with whether business schools can or cannot develop "leaders." Leaders are not the finished product of any single institution. Learning for leadership lasts a lifetime. The question instead is how business schools best contribute their students' ongoing development as leaders. That means asking how to help them acquire knowledge and skills; stimulate personal reflection and clarification; facilitate understanding of, and connection with, communities that may affect and be affected by their leadership; and, most importantly, reinforce the habit of lifelong learning. The Academy of Management Learning and Education has published numerous articles focused on how business school programs develop leaders—and how they could do it better. This selection, inevitably subjective, includes articles that revisit the social function of business schools as developers of leaders; offers suggestions for curricular reform and innovation; test the effectiveness of specific pedagogies or drawn lessons from them. Some are conceptual, others are empirical. They showcase the breadth of approaches that are currently employed or could be employed to develop leaders. Their lessons are useful to anyone who is fascinated by, and involved in, the complex endeavor of developing mindful, effective and responsible leaders.
Virtual Collection Co-Editors: Gianpiero Petriglieri, INSEAD and D. Scott DeRue, University of Michigan's Stephen M. Ross School of Business
These articles address the role that business schools play in the long-term development of leaders, suggesting that being more deliberate and focused on leadership development requires revisiting traditional views of students' expectations, curricula and pedagogies.
Benjamin, B., & O'Reilly, C. 2011. Becoming a leader: Early career challenges faced by MBA graduates. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 452-472.Doh, J. P. 2003. Can leadership be taught? Perspectives from management educators. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2(1): 54-67.Mintzberg, H. & Gosling, J. 2002. Educating managers beyond borders. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 1(1): 64-76.Petriglieri, G. & Petriglieri, J.L. 2010. Identity workspaces: The case of business schools. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(1): 44-60.
These articles address the development of the personal foundations of leadership—the abilities to be mindful of and work with one's history, ambitions, idiosyncrasies and personal experience. Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Blaize, N. 2006. Developing sustainable leaders through coaching and compassion. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(1): 8-24.Kaiser, R.B. & Kaplan, R.B. 2006. The deeper work of executive development: Outgrowing sensitivities. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(4): 463-483.Petriglieri, G., Wood, J. D., & Petriglieri, J. L. 2011. Up close and personal: Building foundations for leaders' development through the personalization of management learning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 430-450.Lester, P. B., Hannah, S. T., Harms, P. D., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Avolio, B. J. 2011. Mentoring impact on leader efficacy development: A field experiment. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 409-429.
These articles report on courses that focus on the development of leaders' cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies.Antonakis, J., Fenley, M., & Liechti, S. U. E. 2011. Can charisma be taught? Tests of two Interventions. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 374-396.Boyatzis, R.E., Stubbs, Elizabeth, C. & Taylor, S.N. 2002. Learning cognitive and emotional intelligence competencies through graduate management education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 1(2): 150-162.Cook, J. R., Sutton, L., & Useem, M. 2005. Developing leaders for decision making under stress: Wildland firefighters in the South Canyon fire and its aftermath. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(4): 461-485.Schyns, B., Kiefer, T., Kerschreiter, R., & Tymon, A. 2011. Teaching implicit leadership theories to develop leaders and leadership: How and why it can make a difference. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 397-408.
These articles focus on expanding leaders' awareness and ability to work in different contexts and cultures through facilitated learning based on projects, service opportunities, and community engagement.Ng, K. Y., Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. 2009. From experience to experiential learning: Cultural intelligence as a learning capability for global leader development. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8(4): 511-526.Mirvis, P. 2008. Executive development through consciousness-raising experiences. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2): 173-188.Raelin, J. 2006. Does Action Learning promote collaborative leadership? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(2): 152-168.Pless, N. M., Maak, T., & Stahl, G. K. 2011. Developing responsible global leaders through international service-learning programs: The Ulysses experience. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(2): 237-260.
These articles address ways in which business schools assumptions, syllabi and methods can be revisited and expanded to enhance the curricular and co-curricular opportunities for leaders' development. Adler, N.J. 2006. The arts and leadership: Now that we can do anything, what will we do? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(4): 486-499.De Vries, M. K., & Korotov, K. 2007. Creating transformational executive education programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6(3): 375-387.Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. 2011. Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women's leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 474-493.Kark, R. 2011. Games managers play: Play as a form of leadership development. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 507-527.
These interviews with leaders in academia, sports and business offer a fascinating array of perspectives for educators and students alike on what makes a leader, and how leaders are made.Sitkin, S. B., & Hackman, J. R. 2011. Developing team leadership: An interview with coach Mike Krzyzewski. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 494-501.Podolny, J.M. 2011. A conversation with James G. March on learning about leadership. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3): 502-506.Henle, C.A. 2006. Bad apples or bad barrels? A former CEO discusses the interplay of person and situation with implications for business education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5(3): 346-355.


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There are a lot of nice restaurant to eat around Petaling Jaya. Some places warrant a second visit, or even third. However, in the case of Kie Kee chicken rice shop at PJ Old Town Food Court, I have lost count with how many times I have been there.
Perhaps what makes their chicken rice special is the tenderness of the chicken meat. Also, their black gravy sauce is very flavoursome which contribute to the overall taste.
I have also blogged about the yummy ice kacang sold by Weng Kee which is just a few shops away.
The richness of the gula melaka and coconut milk is a killer combination which makes the dessert so irresistible.
Cendol is served in tall glass while ABC ice kacang is served using a bowl.
PJ Old Town Food Court
Intersection of
Jalan Othman & Jalan Selangor
Petaling Jaya, Selangor


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HIV/AIDS News
NIH Studies Influence Revision of WHO Guidelines for Treating HIV-Infected Women and Infants - October 13, 2010
Two studies appearing in the October 14, 2010 New England Journal of Medicine and funded by the National Institutes of Health helped influence the World Health Organization (WHO) to change its guidelines this year for the treatment of HIV infection in certain women and children. The recently updated guidelines affect HIV-infected women who receive a single dose of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine to prevent HIV transmission to their babies, and infants who receive a single dose of nevirapine to prevent acquiring the virus from their HIV-infected mothers but nevertheless become infected. The studies demonstrated that in both cases, the single dose of nevirapine used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV can hamper the drug's effectiveness if it is also used later as part of a regimen to treat these same individuals.
An interim review of the first study, known as OCTANE or ACTG 5208, found that exposing HIV-infected women to a single dose of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission without subsequently administering a short course of other antiretroviral drugs may lead these women to develop nevirapine-resistant HIV. The development of drug resistance compromises the effectiveness of HIV treatment regimens that include nevirapine as well as other drugs in the same class (known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, or NNRTIs). However, the negative effect of exposure to single-dose nevirapine appears to decrease over time.
The 2010 WHO guidelines now advise that HIV-infected women who take single-dose nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission should not be treated for their own infection with a drug regimen that includes an NNRTI if treatment begins fewer than 12 months later and if the women were not given other antiretroviral drugs to prevent the development of nevirapine-resistant HIV.
An interim review of the second study, known as P1060, found that HIV-infected infants who received single-dose nevirapine but nevertheless acquired HIV from their infected mothers control the virus better if their HIV treatment regimen includes the antiretroviral drug ritonavir-boosted lopinavir rather than the more commonly used nevirapine. (Lopinavir is in a different class of drugs than nevirapine.)
The 2010 WHO guidelines now strongly advise that HIV-infected infants who received single-dose nevirapine in an attempt to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the virus be treated with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus two other antiretroviral drugs. Previously, WHO had recommended treatment with nevirapine plus two other antiretroviral drugs.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, announced the interim findings from the first study in 2008 and from the second study in 2009.
The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group is conducting OCTANE/ACTG 5208 with funding from NIAID. The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group is conducting P1060 with funding from NIAID and the NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. OCTANE/ACTG 5208 is expected to conclude in 2011; the component of P1060 with nevirapine-exposed infants is expected to conclude this month.
S Lockman et al. Antiretroviral therapies in women after single-dose nevirapine exposure. New England Journal of Medicine DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa09-06626 (2010).
P Palumbo et al. Antiretroviral treatment for children with peripartum nevirapine exposure. New England Journal of Medicine DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa10-00931 (2010).
WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach—2010 revision (2010).
WHO. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children: towards universal access: recommendations for a public health approach—2010 revision (2010).
Ed Handelsman, M.D., and Beverly Alston-Smith, M.D., of NIAID and Lynne Mofenson, M.D., of NICHD are available to comment.
To schedule interviews with Drs. Handelsman and Alston-Smith, please contact Laura Sivitz Leifman, 301-402-1663, firstname.lastname@example.com. To schedule interviews with Dr. Mofenson, please contact Robert Bock or Marianne Glass-Miller at 301-496-5133, firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Do you have silent inflammation? by Dr. Tim Holcomb, The Victoria Advocate, March 18, 2014
Your degree of wellness and the rate at which you are aging depend upon the level of inflammation that is ongoing in your body.
It can be silently wearing you down, resulting in chronic, degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, weight gain, arthritis, thyroid problems, fatigue, fibromyalgia and accelerated aging. That's why I recommend the actual level be measured.
There is no way to tell just by looking at you. Here are the tests that I use to do just that. The most important test is the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid.
This ratio should be in a certain range and can alert you to silent inflammation years to decades before you develop health problems. If this ratio is high, you are at risk of a heart attack, getting cancer, developing Alzheimer's and more.
Another important test that is seldom measured is fasting insulin. If it is high, you are five times more likely to develop heart disease. In contrast, if you have high cholesterol, you are only twice as likely to develop a heart attack.
If your ratio of fasting triglycerides to your HDL (good) cholesterol is high, you have silent inflammation, so these need to be checked. Still another test is c-reactive protein, a common blood test that is useful but not as good as the ones already mentioned.
Measuring the percent of body fat with calipers at skin folds and waist measurements are additional tools I use as an indirect measure of inflammation and insulin resistance.
For men, ideal body fat measurements are from 12-15 percent body fat. A man's waist should be less than 40 inches. Women should be anywhere from 20-25 percent body fat, and the waist should be less than 35 inches.
If you are serious about getting healthy again, I recommend you get these tests done as soon as possible. This way, you will know the amount of inflammation you are up against and be able to do something to help yourself in slowing down your aging process and preventing and reversing the symptoms of chronic diseases.
Tim Holcomb is a Victoria nutritionist, pharmacist, naturopath and chiropractor.


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Phoenix Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Subscribe to KidsScoop! The monthly family event and savings newsletter.
I had gotten a couple of Chuck E. Cheese's passes, so I knew that I had to take my daughters sometime. My oldest daughter Mercades, had to get three teeth pulled, so we were in the area and she first just had them cleaned. After getting her teeth cleaned we ended up taking my daughters to Chuck E. Cheese's. They were talking about this for such a long time, so they were very excited to get to go.
Everyone was very nice when we arrived. We were greeted and the lady told us about everything. It was our first time ever at a Chuck E. Cheese's, so we didn't know anything about it. They no longer do the tokens, so they now have points on cards instead.
We used our passes, which included four drinks, a large pizza and 300 points. I had two passes, so I later on used another one. After we did that we started playing games while we waited for our pizza. One of the first games my girls played was a bowling game.
I can't remember the name of this game, but I'm sure many of you will recognize this one. It's where you throw the ball and try to get it to land in one of the circles. Each has different points and you're trying to aim for the most points of course. I use to play this game a lot when I was little. It was fun being able to teach my girls how to play it as well.
My daughters even got to meet Chuck E. Cheese! They were excited about this. He would come out about every hour and all the kids would have to follow him once they saw him. After that they would stand around with him and do a dance. After they danced, he would throw some tickets so everyone could get some. My daughters loved that.
The pizza was delicious! We went with the original crust and we all loved it. As you can see, we ended up going back for more. We ended up getting two large pizzas. One was pepperoni and the other was sausage.
The Dog Founder game was fun for my girls. They had to press down on a lever and the balls would go in the dogs mouth. They had to keep doing this to get them in his mouth. They loved being able to do this game. It was fun watching them get all excited as well.
Ducky Splash was another fun game for my daughters. They got to squirt the water at the ducks to get them in the holes. The player that got more in won the game. My daughters actually ended up with a tie at the end of the game. They both got the same amount of ducks in the holes.
They also had more than just games. They had a few things that were like rides too. You can see the excitement in my daughters as they were sitting on this one. They had three courses to choose from, and they chose the roller coaster one. That means they were watching as it was going around on a roller coaster, and it would make it seem like my girls were actually riding it. It would vibrate and move around some. It was so fun watching how excited they got with this one!
Hammer Frog was another fun game to play. My daughters enjoyed being able to hit the frogs on the head with the hammer. I'm sure many of you have played games that are very similar to this one. It was certainly a lot of fun for them too!
They did have a lot of adult games as well. There was a car racing one that my daughter Mercades played with my husband (her father). She may have been a bit short and had to lower herself down, but she enjoyed racing with her father. My husband loves these types of games, so this was fun for him as well.
Overall we all had a lot of fun. My youngest daughter, Tesla still talks about Chuck E. Cheese's all the time. She certainly wants to go back again. She says that it was one of the best places she's been to and that it was so much fun. I loved to hear that! We will definitely be going back here again.
Have you ever been to Chuck E. Cheese's before? Did your kids enjoy it?


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mention auto-suspend on battery; removed encrypted-home feature
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|=== New since 17.10 ===
* '''chrony''' replaces '''ntpd''' as the recommended server for the NTP protocol. The base system already comes with '''systemd-timesyncd''' for just syncing time. '''chrony''' is only needed to serve the time via the NTP protocol or if you want the advertised more accurate and more efficient syncing.
* '''ntpd''' has been demoted from main to universe repository. By that '''ntpd''' will continue to work but might not get security maintenance anymore. Therefore, when upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04 it is highly recommended to migrate to '''chrony''' if you had set up '''ntpd''' before.
Table of Contents
These release notes for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) provide an overview of the release and document the known issues with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and its flavors
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS will be released on April 26.
Ubuntu 18.04 is still in beta and is not recommended for use on production systems or on your primary computers yet.
Support lifespan
The 'main' archive of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS will be supported for 5 years until April 2023. Support lengths for community supported Ubuntu flavors vary and will be announced.
Official flavour release notes
Find the links to release notes for official flavors here.
Get Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Download Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Images can be downloaded from a location near you.
You can download the latest ISOs and flashable images from:
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ (Ubuntu Desktop and Server)
http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/daily/server/bionic/current/ (Ubuntu Cloud Images)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/daily-live/current/ (Kubuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/daily-live/current/ (Lubuntu and Lubuntu Alternate)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/daily-live/current/ (Ubuntu Budgie)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/daily-live/current/ (Ubuntu Kylin)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/daily-live/current/ (Ubuntu MATE)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/dvd/current/ (Ubuntu Studio)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/daily-live/current/ (Xubuntu)
You can download older Beta 1 ISOs and flashable images from:
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/releases/18.04/beta-1/ (Less Popular Ubuntu Images)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/18.04/beta-1/ (Kubuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/18.04/beta-1/ (Ubuntu Budgie)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/18.04/beta-1/ (Ubuntu Kylin)
https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/ (Ubuntu MATE)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/18.04/beta-1/ (Xubuntu)
As fixes will be included in new images between now and release, any daily cloud image from today or later (i.e. a serial of 20180324 or higher) should be considered a beta image. Bugs found should be filed against the appropriate packages or, failing that, the cloud-images project in Launchpad.
Upgrading from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS or 17.10
To upgrade on a desktop system:
Open the "Software & Updates" Setting in System Settings.
- Select the 3rd Tab called "Updates".
- Set the "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version" dropdown menu to "For any new version".
- Press Alt+F2 and type in "update-manager -cd" (without the quotes) into the command box.
- Update Manager should open up and tell you: New distribution release '18.04' is available.
- If not you can also use "/usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/check-new-release-gtk"
- Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.
To upgrade on a server system:
Install the update-manager-core package if it is not already installed.
Make sure the Prompt line in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades is set to normal.
Launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo do-release-upgrade -d.
- Follow the on-screen instructions.
Note that the server upgrade will use GNU screen and automatically re-attach in case of dropped connection problems.
New features in 18.04
For other changes since 16.04 LTS, see the 17.10 Release Notes,17.04 Release Notes and 16.10 Release Notes.
Updated Packages
Linux kernel 4.15
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is based on the Linux release series 4.15.
Network configuration
New since 17.10
Teaming support with libteam is available in NetworkManager.
New since 16.04 LTS
The default DNS resolver is systemd-resolved.
ifupdown has been deprecated in favor of netplan.io and is no longer present on new installs. The installer will generate a configuration file for netplan.io in /etc/netplan, which will set up the system to configure the network via systemd-networkd or NetworkManager. Desktop users will see their system fully managed via NetworkManager as it has been the case in previous releases, but server users now have their network devices managed via systemd-networkd on new installs. This only applies to new installations.
Given that ifupdown is no longer installed by default, its commands will not be present: ifup and ifdown are thus unavailable, replaced by ip link set $device up and ip link set $device down.
The networkctl command is also available for users to see a summary of the network devices. networkctl status will display the current global state of IP addresses on the system; and networkctl status $device can display the details specific to a network device.
The ifupdown package remains available, and supported in Ubuntu main, for users that find netplan does not currently meet their networking needs.
For more information about netplan.io, please refer to the manual page using the man 5 netplan command or visit https://netplan.io/.
Other base system changes since 16.04 LTS
The gpg binary is provided by gnupg2
For new installs, a swap file will be used by default instead of a swap partition.
Python 2 is no longer installed by default. Python 3 has been updated to 3.6.
The installer no longer offers the encrypted home option using ecryptfs-utils. It is recommended to use the full-disk encryption instead for this release. (1756840)
Ubuntu Desktop
New since 17.10
X is the default display server. Wayland is provided as a Technical Preview and is expected to be the default display server in 20.04 LTS. To try it out, just choose Ubuntu on Wayland from the cog on the log in screen.
The installer offers a minimal install option for a basic desktop environment with a web browser and core system utilities. Many official 18.04 desktop flavors are using this new feature too!
Apps provided by GNOME have been updated to 3.28. For more details about GNOME 3.28, see their Release Notes.
LibreOffice has been updated to 6.0.
Emoji now show in color in most apps. Keyboard shortcuts for the emoji input chooser are Ctrl+. or Ctrl+;
Calendar now supports weather forecasts.
Some utilities have been switched to the snap format for new installs (Calculator, Characters, Logs, and System Monitor). Snap apps provide better isolation which allows them to be upgraded to new stable releases during the LTS lifecycle.
The Characters app replaces the older Character Map by default.
The Ubuntu Software app allows easy switching between different channels for Snap apps.
The To Do app has been added to the default normal install.
spice-vdagent is pre-installed for better performance for Spice clients such as the GNOME Boxes app.
The right-click method for touchpads without physical buttons has changed to a two-finger click instead of clicking in the bottom right of the touchpad. You can use the GNOME Tweaks app (not installed by default) to change this setting.
Although libinput is the default driver for mice and touchpads, it is now possible to use the synaptics driver with the Settings app. Support for the synaptics driver will be dropped in a future Ubuntu release.
- Computers will automatically suspend after 20 minutes of inactivity while on battery power.
- GNOME Shell now supports Thunderbolt 3 (This feature will appear shortly after the 18.04 Final Beta release)
Other highlights since 16.04 LTS
32-bit installer images are no longer provided for Ubuntu Desktop.
The Ubuntu Desktop now uses GNOME instead of Unity.
GDM has replaced LightDM as the default display manager. The login screen now uses virtual terminal 1 instead of virtual terminal 7.
Window control buttons are back on the right.
Driverless printing support is now available.
GNOME's built-in screen keyboard is used instead of Onboard.
Calendar has a Week View and supports recurring events.
- These apps have received major user interface redesigns: Disk Usage Analyzer, Files (nautilus), Remmina, Settings, and Ubuntu Software.
System Log has been replaced by Logs, an app to view logs from the systemd journal.
Many GNOME apps now have a Keyboard Shortcuts popup available in the app menu.
gconf is no longer installed by default since it has long been superseded by gsettings. Note that statistics and preferences for the Aisleriot card games will be reset when upgrading from 16.04 LTS or 16.10. gconf will be removed from the Ubuntu package archives in a future Ubuntu release.
The Ubuntu GNOME flavor has been discontinued. If you are using Ubuntu GNOME, you will be upgraded to Ubuntu. Choose the Ubuntu session from the cog on the login screen if you would like the default Ubuntu experience.
Install gnome-session and choose GNOME (or GNOME on Wayland) from the cog on the login screen if you would like to try a more upstream version of GNOME. If you'd like to also install more core apps, install the vanilla-gnome-desktop metapackage.
Ubuntu Server
New since 17.10
chrony replaces ntpd as the recommended server for the NTP protocol. The base system already comes with systemd-timesyncd for just syncing time. chrony is only needed to serve the time via the NTP protocol or if you want the advertised more accurate and more efficient syncing.
ntpd has been demoted from main to universe repository. By that ntpd will continue to work but might not get security maintenance anymore. Therefore, when upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04 it is highly recommended to migrate to chrony if you had set up ntpd before.
Known issues
As is to be expected, with any release, there are some significant known bugs that users may run into with this release of Ubuntu 18.04. The ones we know about at this point (and some of the workarounds), are documented here so you don't need to spend time reporting these bugs again:
Several gnome-settings-daemon services time out when starting the live session (1750846)
It's not possible to unlock encrypted external drives. Install libblockdev-crypto2 and restart (1757321)
The computer suspends after 20 minutes of inactivity even if a user is logged in remotely. (GNOME:gnome-control-center#22)
Videos will not resume correctly after being paused in Webkit apps such as the Help viewer (1752197)
- Bluetooth audio devices cannot be used in the Greeter. This will cause issues for people using the accessibility features such as screenreaders at the login screen. Once logged in everything should work as expected.
Some admin utilities will not work with GNOME on Wayland since the apps have not been adapted to use PolicyKit to only use admin privileges for the specific functions needed. Also, some screenshot and screencast apps and all remote desktop server apps do not currently work on GNOME on Wayland. As a workaround, you can use the default Ubuntu session.
Exiting the live session may get stuck with a "A start job is running for " error. You may need to forcefully power off the computer if you see this. (1706939)
The Dock and Appindicator system extensions appear to be Off in tools like GNOME Tweaks. (They are on but cannot be disabled because they are system extensions for the Ubuntu session.) (1718850)
The screen reader is not working for the Ubuntu installer from the menu 'Install Ubuntu' (1719995) but it works fine when the installer is started from the live session.
Tracker is not installed by default. When installed, you must log out and log back in for the tracker service to start (1697769)
- Opening the Users panel in Control Center is slow.
Systems may fail to boot when connected over DisplayPort to an external screen, on NVidia graphics hardware such as the GTX970 chipset. (1723619)
When an external monitor is connected to a laptop, the login screen is only displayed on the internal one and in some case is not visible (1723025)
The warning dialog when a user force a UEFI installation does not respond to input event and the installation is then blocked at this stage (1724482) Avoid yourself some troubles and do not force a UEFI installation without a UEFI partition, grub-installer will fail anyway.
Doing an "Entire disk" installation over an existing LVM installation will fail because the installer selects the wrong boot device (1724417) Use custom partitioning instead and manually select the right boot device in the combo box.
The Files app remains at 3.26.
On s390x architecture, in KVM virtual machines interface names are not preserved on upgrade, and new predictable interface names are used. This will result in lack of network connectivity due to incorrect names in /etc/network/interfaces. An upgrade SRU to preserve ethX interface names is being prepared. (1682437)
Partitioning step allows to configure LVM across multiple devices without requiring to setup a separate /boot partition. This may lead to failure to install the bootloader at the end of the installation, and failures to boot the resultant installations. (1680101)
LVM configuration cannot be removed when volume groups with the same name are found during installation. Partitioner does not support installation when multiple conflicting/identical volume groups have been detected. For example reinstalling Ubuntu with LVM across multiple disk drives that had individual LVM installations of Ubuntu. As a workaround, please format disk drives prior to installation, or from the built in shell provided in the installer. (1679184)
cio_ignore blacklist is no longer active after installation, because not all install-time parameters, like cio_ignore (s390x), are propagated to the installed system. Workaround is to edit /etc/zipl.conf to apply these and re-run sudo zipl to update the IPL. (1571561)
bash won't work in a qemu chroot (1751011)
USB printers do not get set up automatically and IPP-over-USB does not work at all. Please set up your USB printer using "Devices"/"Printers" in the GNOME Settings. If possible, especially for driverless printing, connect your printer via network (Ethernet or Wi-Fi) or wait to upgrade to 17.10 until the problem gets fixed (1721839).
Official flavours
The release notes for the official flavours can be found at the following links:
- Lubuntu release notes are not ready yet
Ubuntu Budgie https://ubuntubudgie.org/blog/2018/03/08/18-04-release-notes
Ubuntu Kylin https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/Beta2/UbuntuKylin
Ubuntu MATE https://ubuntu-mate.org/blog/ubuntu-mate-bionic-beta1/
Ubuntu Studio https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/Beta2/UbuntuStudio
Xubuntu http://wiki.xubuntu.org/releases/18.04/release-notes
More information
Reporting bugs
Your comments, bug reports, patches and suggestions will help fix bugs and improve the quality of future releases. Please report bugs using the tools provided.
If you want to help out with bugs, the Bug Squad is always looking for help.
Participate in Ubuntu
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BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes/18.04 (last edited 2019-07-05 14:51:16 by fheimes)


text:
Designated areas
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Key messages
The designation of protected areas is a cornerstone for the conservation of biodiversity worldwide, from genes to species, habitats and ecosystems. In June 2006, the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) re-affirmed the role of protected areas as cornerstones of biodiversity conservation, but also highlighted that many are "beset with managerial and financial difficulties that impede their effective management".
- At the European level, there has been an increase in the total area of nationally-designated protected areas over time, indicating a positive commitment by European countries to biodiversity conservation. The total area of nationally designated sites in 39 European countries was reached 102 million hectares in 2009.
- There has also been an increase in the total area of Natura 2000 sites over the past three years with 56 million hectares designated as Special Protected Areas and 68 million as Sites of Community Importance.
- The level of sufficiency in designating Natura 2000 sites for the Habitats Directive is high for most EU-27 countries (21 countries have sufficiency above 80%) and the new Member States are doing well (data from 2008, updated expected by March 2010).
In addition to quantitative signals it is important to also keep in mind the crucial need to have a qualitative view on the efficiency of the network of designated areas.
- Marine areas are not yet represented as Natura 2000 sites as the phase of assessments of proposals is still going on.
- There are increasing pressures on biodiversity outside of protected areas, and an assessment of the effectiveness of designated sites in protecting and conserving biodiversity is needed in a broader scale and with the climate change perspective.
- Assessments of conservation status of species and habitats of Community interest are now available and show that only a small proportion of the vulnerable habitats and species have achieved good conservation status.
What measures are being taken to ensure the in situ conservation of biodiversity components?
Cumulated area of nationally designated areas over time in 39 European countries
Note: Overlap may exist due to multiple designations for a same site but the overestimation can be masked by an underestimation of the inventory (some national datasets are not complete).
- Nationally designated areas (CDDA) provided by European Environment Agency (EEA)
Cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs)
Note: The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs)
- Natura 2000 data provided by Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV)
Cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC Habitats Directive over time (Sites of Community Importance - SCIs)
Note: The figure shows the share of designated areas per country in the following categories: only under national designation, only under EU Habitats Directive designation and both at national and EU Habitats Directive designation
- Natura 2000 data provided by Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV)
Sufficiency Index (State of progress by Member States in reaching sufficiency for the Habitat Directive Annex I habitats and Annex II species)
Note: Bars show the degree to which Member States have proposed sites that are considered sufficient to protect the habitats and species mentioned in Habitats Directive Annex I and II (situation January 2007) (marine species and habitats are not considered).
- Nationally designated areas (CDDA) provided by European Environment Agency (EEA)
- Natura 2000 data provided by Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV)
Member States have national legislation that enables them to establish various types of protected areas. For nationally-designated protected areas, the total area protected in Europe continues to increase (Figure 1).
However, an increase in total area of protected sites may be correlated to increasing pressures on biodiversity outside those areas, for instance through growing urbanisation and transport infrastructures. Therefore, the expansion of protected areas and their role in protecting biodiversity has to be considered and assessed within the wider environment.
Measures at EU level
There was a steady increase in the cumulative area of the Natura 2000 network over the past three years. SPAs increased from 44 million hectares to 56 million hectares (Figure 2) and SCIs increased in coverage from 56 to more than 68 million hectares (Figure 3).
The percentage of terrestrial area covered by SCIs and SPAs per country indicates progress in establishing these areas and the European Commission publishes this in the 'EU Barometer'. As of July 2009, eight Member States had designated more than 15 % of their territory as SCIs: Slovenia (31.4 %); Bulgaria (29.6%); Spain (23.4 %); Portugal (17.4 %); Estonia (16.8 %); Greece (16.4 %); Luxemburg (15.4 %) and Hungary (15.0 %). It must be noted the percentage of country territory can vary according to the characterisitics of each country and there is no quantitative target for this figure.
Are Natura 2000 objectives being met?
Progress in fulfilling the objectives of the Natura 2000 network is assessed in two ways for the Habitats Directive:
- the proposal and designation by EU Member States of sufficient Natura 2000 sites that are home to species and habitats of European concern; and
- the extent to which the designation of such sites is effective in achieving favourable conservation status for those species and habitats. See http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/knowledge/rep_habitats/index_en.htm
The sufficiency index shows the progress of individual EU countries in proposing sites that contribute to the Habitats Directive. This is measured against a threshold that is considered sufficient to achieve a favourable conservation status for those species and habitats of concern (Figure 4). Comparison between countries is complicated by the heterogeneous distribution and abundance of species and habitats, and as a result some countries have a heavier burden than others in implementing the Directives (Figures 2 and 3). Marine areas are not included in the sufficiency index, because the step of proposal is still going on for sites for the protection of marine habitats and species.The results from the Article 17 report published in July 2009 show that only a small proportion of the vulnerable habitats and species have achieved good conservation status, and Member States will need to strengthen their efforts. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1118&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
What measures are being taken to conserve or restore biodiversity at the EU level and are they effective?
Each country has its own policy and legislation for establishing protected areas at national level. The implementation of the Natura 2000 network has made full or partial use of these existing national instruments, when they fulfilled the criteria of the Habitats and Birds Directives. In many cases however, the implementation of the Natura 2000 has led to significant additional designations.
Although much slower than originally expected, the progress in proposing Natura 2000 sites has now accelerated and is good. For most countries, the sites they have proposed are considered nearly sufficient to achieve favourable conservation status for species and habitats covered by the Directive.
In June 2008, two Member States (
Indicator specification and metadata
Indicator definition
The indicator shows different trends of surface area (in km2) designated under national legislation, under EU Directives and under international conventions and initiatives:
- Changes over time in cumulative surface area of sites designated nationally;
- Changes over time in cumulative surface area of sites designated under EC Birds and Habitats Directives;
- Changes over time in cumulative surface area of sites designated under international conventions and initiatives.
The indicator also shows the current status of implementation of the Habitats Directive by EU-25 Member-States expressed as a:
- Sufficiency Index (distance to target), which provides a measure of progress in the implementation of the Habitats Directive.
The indicator shows the proportion of a country designated total area that is protected under either the EC Birds and/or Habitats Directives, or by national instruments, or by both.
- Share of surface areas designated only under the EC Birds and Habitats Directives, protected only by national instruments, and covered by both
Km2, %, Number of species and habitats listed by the Habitats Directive.
Policy context and targets
Context description
Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010 is one target expressed by the 6EAP and the European Council at Gothenburg and re-expressed by the Environment Council in Brussels by June 2004.
This Council also "urges the Commission and Member States to implement the new Programmes of Work adopted at COP 7 on Protected Areas". This programme includes the need "to update information on status and trends of, and threats to, protected areas".
In addition to national policies, countries have made international commitments to protect nature through signing up to a series of conventions (Ramsar Convention, Helsinki Convention, Barcelona Convention). Most of these instruments involve the designation by Contracting parties of sites for conservation of species and/or ecosystems of special concern.
At EU level, policy on nature conservation is essentially made up of two pieces of legislation, the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive. Together, they establish a legislative framework for protecting and conserving the European Union's wildlife and habitats.
Even if the implementation and the specific objectives of the legal measures at the three levels (international, European and national) are different (strict measures, management measures), they all have in common to designate sites in order to ensure the conservation of biodiversity. This indicator helps to analyse how these different instruments complement each other.
The Sufficiency indicator has been used for the 2003 Annual Environment Policy Review by the Commission. It will contribute to the Sustainable Development Indicators of level II (Eurostat 2004).
The designation of protected sites process for the Habitats Directive includes biogeographical seminars organised by the European Commission during which each Member State's proposals for sites are assessed against common agreed criteria (Annex III of the Directive). The conclusions from these seminars are published on the Commission Natura 2000 website. The sites proposed and subsequently designated under the Habitats Directive constitute part of the Natura 2000 network. The sites designated under the Birds Directive constitute the other part of the Natura 2000 network.
There are no quantitative targets for this indicator.
At the international level, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) target is "the establishment and maintenance by 2010 for terrestrial and by 2012 for marine areas of comprehensive, effectively managed, and ecologically representative national and regional systems of protected areas that collectively, inter alia through a global network/ contribute to achieving the three objectives of the Convention and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss;" In addition, the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation has one of the global targets as "at least 10 per cent of each of the world's ecological regions effectively conserved".
At EU level, the target is to have "a Natura 2000 network completed on land by 2005, marine sites by 2008 and management objectives for all sites agreed and instigated by 2010."
The Habitats Directive Article 3 paragraph 2 gives the following objective for the Natura 2000 network: "Each Member State shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000 in proportion to the representation within its territory of the natural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in paragraph 1; To that effect each Member State shall designate, in accordance with Article 4, sites as special areas of conservation taking into account of the objectives set out in paragraph 1."
In addition related to the Birds directive, it is detailed that " Whereas all the areas designated, including those classified now or in the future as special protection areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(5), will have to be incorporated into the coherent European ecological network", meaning incorporated in the Natura 2000 network.
Member States shall every six years report on the implementation of the measures taken under the Habitats Directive (Article 17).
Related policy documents
CBD COP7 Decision 28 Protected Areas
Decision 28 on Protected Areas from the 7th Conference of the Parties (COP7) to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Communication of the European Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament on a European Community Biodiversity Strategy. COM (1998) 42
COM (2001) 31 final. Environment 2010.
Environment 2010: Our future, our choice, 6th Environmental Action Programme, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. COM (2001) 31 final.
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.
EU Council Conclusion 10997/04 Halting the loss of biodiversity
EU council conclusion of 28 June 2004 on Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010 (10997/04)
Message from Malahide
'Message from Malahide'. Outcome of the EU Presidency stakeholder conference 'Biodiversity and the EU - Sustaining life, sustaining livelihoods', 25-27 May 2004, Malahide, Ireland.
Sixth Environment Action Programme (decision No 1600/2002/EC)
DECISION No 1600/2002/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme
Methodology for indicator calculation
Below are described the methodologies helping to produce the different graphs relevant for this indicator.
Cumulated area of nationally designated areas over time in European countries for the period YYYY-YYYY in km2
- Selection of countries providers of data through the EEA priority data flow
- Check if the size and year fields are filled-in and calculate percentage of sites where this information is missing
- Sum of size of each site described in the database per year
Cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC Birds and Habitats Directives over time
- Sum of size of each site registered in the yearly versions of Natura 2000 database and grouped per year
NB: formely, the Natura 2000 database registers sites proposed by the member states which are not yet designated. But by October 2006, six Community lists have been adopted for the EU15 and covered the Macaronesia, Alpine, Atlantic, Continental, Boreal and Mediterranean regions. Therefore the 2006 figure reflects the situation for the designated sites from EU15 and the proposed sites from EU10
Sufficiency Index (progress in the implementation of Habitats Directive)
For each biogeographical region, seminars are organised by the European Commission and the European Topic Centre for Nature Protection and Biodiversity gathering Member States representatives of the region and scientific experts. The goal of the seminar is to assess if each habitat and each species of Annexes I and II occurring in the region are sufficiently represented in the pSCIs proposed by the Member States. The conclusions from the biogeographical seminars provide data for development of this indicator. The submission of proposals for protected sites is a continuous process until all countries reach sufficiency.
The sum by biogeographical region per country of the proportion of Annex I habitats and Annex II species that are sufficiently represented in the pSCIs in relation to the number of species and habitats on the Commission's Reference lists of habitat types and species for each biogeographic region. The sufficiency of a Member State is weighted by the proportion of the biogeographical region's area within the Member State. The weighting compensates for the relatively higher burden of a large biogeographical area in the country. This is because it is harder to propose sufficient sites for a large biogeographical area than for a smaller biogeographical area in the same country.
For each MS:
SUFFMS = SUM(i=1 to i=n) ((habi/ HABi + spi/SPi)/2)(Area(Bi)/Area(MS))
SUFFMS : Sufficiency index for a Member State by summing up SUFF for each biogeographic region.
n = number of biogeographical regions within Member States
habi = number of Annex I habitats sufficiently represented for the biogeographical region i
HABi = Number of Annex I habitats listed in the Commission's Reference List
spi = number of Annex II species sufficiently represented for the biogeographical region i
SPi = Number of Annex II species listed in the Commission's Reference List
Area(Bi) = Surface area of biogeographical region i within a Member State (km2).
Methodology for gap filling
No gap filling applied
Methodology references
No methodology references available.
Methodology uncertainty
Fig 5 and 6
For the moment, some discrepancy may exist between the database on Natura 2000 and the database on nationally designated areas (CDDA) due to different processes of update but the common information must be equivalent relying on the same national sources.
Data sets uncertainty
- In data sets;
- Geographical and time coverage on EU level
CDDA National:
Some improvement in the update of the CDDA
In 2007 number of countries providing update the:
same year
year - 1
year - 2
year > 3
Natura 2000: the reliability and accuracy of the data is high.
CDDA International: gaps do exist; data collection must be improved
- Representativeness of data on national level
CDDA National: overlap exists between different sites of a same country because different national instruments can fully or partly cover a same site. In the future, the digitized boundaries will help to calculate this overlap.
Natura 2000: the strength of the data set is the common data form filled in by all countries for each pSCI. On the basis of these standard data a common methodology is applied for assessing sufficiency across Member States and biogeographic regions.
- Comparability
CDDA National: the comparability is good due to a specific format requested through the process of data flow priority established by the EEA.Natura 2000 : the comparability is good due to the Standard Data Form filled by all Member States.
Rationale uncertainty
Data sources
Nationally designated areas (CDDA)
provided by European Environment Agency (EEA)
Common Database on Designated Areas - CDDA International (dataset URL is not available)
provided by United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Typology: Descriptive indicator (Type A - What is happening to the environment and to humans?)
CountriesAlbania , Austria , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus , Czechia , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Iceland , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro , Netherlands , Norway , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , United Kingdom
Frequency of updates
EEA Contact InfoKatarzyna Biala
- Permalink to this version
- 97939d7fb41971f3905609764a30baea
- Permalink to latest version
- IND-142-en
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/designated-areas/assessment or scan the QR code.
PDF generated on 13 Aug 2020, 04:38 AM


text:
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Consider a complete set of golf clubs if you're a beginner, which includes everything from a driver to a putter ' and even the golf bag. As you learn your game and better understand the performance features you need in a club, you can add and replace clubs in your set. Know that official rules state players cannot carry more than 14 clubs in their bag at one time.
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text:
What is an AED?
An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a lightweight, portable device that delivers an electric shock through the chest to the heart.
The shock can stop an irregular rhythm and allow a normal rhythm to resume in a heart in sudden cardiac arrest.
Sudden cardiac arrest is an abrupt loss of heart function. If it's not treated within minutes, it quickly leads to death.
Most sudden cardiac arrests result from ventricular fibrillation. This is a rapid and unsynchronized heart rhythm starting in the heart's lower pumping chambers (the ventricles).
The heart must be "defibrillated" quickly, because a victim's chance of surviving drops by 7 to 10 percent for every minute a normal heartbeat isn't restored.
Why are AEDs important?
AEDs make it possible for more people to respond to a medical emergency where defibrillation is required. Because AEDs are portable, they can be used by nonmedical people. They can be made part of emergency response programs that also include rapid use of 9-1-1 and prompt delivery of cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). All three of these activities are vital to improving survival from cardiac arrest.
How does an AED work?
A built-in computer checks a victim's heart rhythm through adhesive electrodes. The computer calculates whether defibrillation is needed. If it is, a recorded voice tells the rescuer to press the shock button on the AED. This shock momentarily stuns the heart and stops all activity. It gives the heart the chance to resume beating effectively. Instructions guide the user through the process.
Who can use an AED?
Ideally, everyone would receive training on the use of an AED. Unfortunately, most people's first interaction with an AED occurs during a life or death situation when a co-worker, friend, or passerby suffers cardiac arrest. So people without a medical background are encouraged in a crisis to respond by opening the AED, following the instructions and administering the necessary treatment. Most states have Good Samaritan Laws that protect laypersons offering emergency aid.
Are AEDs safe to use?
AEDs are safe to use. Studies have shown that 90 percent of the time AEDs are able to detect a rhythm that should be defibrillated. And 95 percent of the time they are able to recommend NOT shocking when the computer shows defibrillation is not indicated.


text:
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861 / Durham / England)
» Click to list general statistics » OR, select a date :
Sonnet 29 - I Think Of Thee!&Mdash;My Thoughts Do Twine And Bud
I think of thee!—my thoughts do twine and bud
About thee, as wild vines, about a tree,
read more >>
- Hits: Number of visitors who read the poem on the given date.
- Posts: Number of visitors who posted the poem to a friend (via e-mail) on the given date.
- Dates that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list.
- Dates, poems and poets that have "0" hits may not be shown on the list. Statistics are generated daily.


text:
Toolbox and strategies for smart and healthy living
|Van Wijnen Projectontwikkeling West
|Gert Jan Knevel, Benjamin Robichon, John van de Weg
|project team:
|Daniel Grunberg, Jacques van Adrichem, Loran Kampen
|August 2011
There has been a huge amount of housing construction in the Netherlands over the past 20 years during which the number of new homes went up to 90,000 per annum. Private commissioning in the Netherlands remains relatively low compared to its neighbours such as Germany where self-build projects account for 30% of the housing built and Belgium where no less than 70% of new houses are self-built. Although the culture of private commissioning is therefore not as strong in the Netherlands, we want to start involving residents more in the building process.
What key questions should we ask in order to define the main starting points for a contemporary housing concept? Van Wijnen Vastgoed approached Knevel Architecten and asked the company to draw up a vision for a new housing concept.
Knevel Architecten formulated a housing concept with a toolbox that proposes affordable housing where residents can design their own home and adapt it to suit their lifestyle at the same time. Ingenuity and health are one of the underlying themes in this.


text:
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text:
全球 1,000,000 多家住宿和 550 多家航空公司的机票,任您挑选。
4/5Very Good!(39 条地区点评)
曼哈顿因其迷人的博物馆、重要纪念碑和高耸的摩天大楼而远近闻名,这里有很多值得探索的景点。例如美国自然历史博物馆和中央公园这样的顶级景点就吸引了大量的游客。您可以在81 街 - 自然历史博物馆站或72 街站 (中央公园西)搭乘地铁,探索城市的更多精彩。
4/5Very Good!(59 条地区点评)
4.5/5Wonderful!(5 条地区点评)
梅西百货公司和布莱恩公园是中区少有的顶级景点。您可以前往42 街 - 布赖恩特公园站或34 街站 (先锋广场)搭乘地铁游览城市,逛逛该地区的迷人的博物馆、高耸的摩天大楼和知名的美术馆。
纽约市中心因其高耸的摩天大楼和秀丽风景而远近闻名,这里有很多值得探索的景点。您可以参观一些顶级景点,如百老汇街和时代广场,您还可前往第 49 街站或47 - 50 街 - 洛克菲勒中心站搭乘地铁,探索城市的更多精彩。
3.5/5Good!(2 条地区点评)
您或许会挪出一些时间体验布鲁克林市中心的丰盛的菜肴。也可以安排一些时间参观金县高级法院等著名景点,您还可以前往杰伊街 - 科技站或约克街站搭乘地铁,探索这片地区的更多精彩。
'The city'
New York emits an energy that few cities can match. It's hard to say whether this electricity comes from the fast pace, the tall buildings, or the big ambitions of the eight million (and counting) inhabitants who crowd this dense metropolis. Whatever it is, the city's buzz is undeniable.
New Yorkers call their home simply 'the city', and this implication that New York is really the only city might strike people from elsewhere as arrogant. Spend a few days in the thrilling rush, however, and you might understand the sentiment. Larger than life, open 24 hours - this is truly the city that never sleeps.
Sensory stimulation
It's natural to feel a little overwhelmed on a first visit to New York. The city can overload the senses: the smell of sizzling gyros from Midtown street vendors' carts, the sound of a subway musician's saxophone during the crush of a rush-hour commute, and the neon lights of Times Square flashing at all times of day and night.
This stimulation from all sides is what makes New York so dynamic. You'll soon realize it's the sheer sense of possibility that has everyone jumping. You can do anything here, whether it's catching a long-running show like Phantom of the Opera on Broadway or crashing a loft party in the newest alternative art space. Shop 'til you drop in SoHo like the 'Sex and the City' cast or hobnob with the literati at West Village wine bars.
You can even enjoy some nature, and not only in Central Park. The East Village has many community gardens and Brooklyn's Prospect Park is a real delight. Head north to the Bronx Botanical Gardens or to Washington Heights' Fort Tryon Park, which towers over the Hudson River with views of the Palisades - you won't believe you're still in the city.
The whole world is here
To get your bearings in such a large city, it's a good idea to start with an overview. A hop-on, hop-off bus tour will help you learn the lay of the land. Or, for a different vantage point, try a helicopter ride over the five boroughs or sail by Manhattan's monuments on an elegant dinner cruise. Sure, it's a bit extravagant and certainly bold, but hey, that's New York.
Really, though, New York is a series of neighborhoods-it's not all that intimidating. From Little Italy to Chinatown, the Lower East Side to Chelsea, New York houses several communities, each with their own distinct flavor. Despite this, there are no artificial boundaries-the daily mix of millions of different people is what makes the city's story so great. Perhaps that's why New Yorkers think they live in the center of the world-it seems the whole world is here.