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Freezing Physics
by Gretchen Noyes-Hull
Not all water freezes at the same temperature. Most ocean water begins to freeze at about 2 degrees below zero (Celsius), and very salty water can remain liquid as cold as 20 degrees below! We can use the physics of freezing to our advantage—to make ice cream, for instance. The recipe for scientific ice cream is given below, but its flavor is enhanced by understanding how it is formed! Read on.
Temperature is a measure of how fast atoms or molecules are jiggling around. In order for things to freeze, the jiggling must slow down to allow strong bonds to form between them. Heat energy must be removed before substances can change from a liquid to a solid "phase." Just how much heat is determined by the substance, and for water, how pure it is.
As heat is removed from water, the temperature drops, and the molecules begin to move more slowly. Bonds between them are made and broken again, until, at zero degrees, the jiggling has slowed enough so that more bonds are made than are broken. Water begins to solidify. If more heat is carried away, the process continues without any more change in temperature until all the molecules are linked together in a crystal "lattice."
Molecules have more difficulty "grabbing arms" of their molecular neighbors when particles get in their way. If water is not pure, the temperature must be even lower for them to push the particles out of their way and form ice. This is known as "freezing point depression." The more salt in seawater, the colder the temperature must be before ice will form.
Freezing-point depression is the whole point of ice cream–making! A lot of heat has to be removed for the water in cream to solidify. Because of all the particles it contains, the temperature must drop far below zero. The only way this can occur is to send the heat somewhere else!
Here's what happens. When ice cream is made the old-fashioned way, rock salt (big chunks of salt crystals) is mixed with ice. Only a little water melts before some of the dissolved salt lowers its freezing point. Now when the ice wants to melt, it can absorb lots of heat from the water to do it, and the water still will not freeze. (In the recipe you will try, the temperature of the water may decrease to almost minus 20 degrees C and still be liquid! Pretty cool!) The water is very much colder than the cream mixture. Because heat flows from hot things to cold things, the cream now loses its heat to the water and rapidly cools down.
Such a deal! It's a chain reaction of freezing-point depression. The freezing point of cream is depressed by the milk and sugar particles, and the freezing point of the water is depressed by the particles of salt. That's the point of ice cream. Enjoy!
- Does freezing-point depression relate to a chemical change or to a physical change? What is the chemical or physical change?
[anno: Freezing-point depression relates to a physical change, which is the freezing of water.]
- How does the freezing-point depression of salt mixed with ice effect the cream mixture during the process of making ice cream? Write a few sentences to explain the effect of freezing-point depression on the creation of ice cream.
[anno: In the process of making ice cream, the freezing point of the ice is lowered by the presence of the rock salt. This allows the ice to absorb a lot of heat from the cream mixture without melting. When enough heat has been absorbed from the cream mixture, the water in the cream mixture begins to freeze rapidly.]


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portia wrote:I think there is a whiff of racism in criticism of Obama-- a sort of gut feeling that no Black man can lead a competent administration. But NO MORE than a whiff. Plenty of people have advocated a single payer--including on these boards-- but there is so much other support of the idea that any racism would be buried.
As to sexism of Clinton: who knows?
So, does that mean that if I criticize Obama, then I am a racist, even if only slightly?
Nice to know.

subset: commoncrawl


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Apple's Patent Win Leaves Android Camp to Slog Through the FUD
Now that it has had a few days to digest it, Wall Street is weighing in on Apple's recent victory over Samsung in the pair's patent-infringement battle. And the consensus seems to be that Apple has won an important legal precedent that will force handset makers to reconsider their hardware and software designs and pay a lot more attention to their OS partners' patent portfolios.
"In our view, the challenge for the Android camp now is that Apple will likely pursue the other Android vendors," Jeffries analyst Peter Misek said in a note to clients. "We believe industry players will continue to develop their portfolio of patents as this case highlights significance of having strong IP in both design and utility."
Morgan Stanley analyst Katie Huberty views Apple's victory over Samsung as a significant competitive advantage, one that could make Apple's smartphone rivals a lot less nimble than they are currently. "The bigger win for Apple is the competitive ramifications if other smartphone vendors experience lengthened product cycles and are forced to alter their software and hardware to ensure unique designs relative to Apple products," she said.
In other words, the FUD — the fear, uncertainty and doubt — created by the validation of Apple's patents in this case makes for a troubling distraction for OEMs that must now expend additional time and effort vetting their device designs to ensure they don't invite litigation.
This will be an obvious advantage for Apple — but likely only for a short while. Google and its Android hardware partners will develop workarounds for Apple's IP. It's only a matter of time.
"We believe that it is likely that other lawsuits between Apple and other handset makers move toward a settlement, given the precedent of the Samsung case," Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said in a Sunday evening research note. "In these cases, we note that software changes are the most likely competitive outcome (aside from monetary exchanges). We do not believe further settlements are likely to hamstring Android in any serious way. We continue to be confident in our 4 year outlook on mobile device share, which assumes that iOS and Android further dominate the smartphone market with likely close to 85% share combined by 2015."


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What does a woodcutter—with a wife, a child and a new baby
on the way—have to do with Inland Revenue's ambitious vision
for digital tax services? The fictitious woodcutter is one of
numerous customer "personas" New Zealand's revenue agency
is using as it applies digital technologies to reshape how it
processes tax obligations, determines benefits eligibility and
interacts with taxpayers.
Through examples like the woodcutter, Inland Revenue is exploring new ways to track taxpayers' life events. For the woodcutter, that includes his growing family (which entitles him to greater tax relief) and his increasing pay (which affects eligibility for housing subsidies). Historically, taxpayers have had to manage such changes through a series of disjointed systems and processes—with many individuals and families facing steep fines and penalties for unintentional non-compliance.
Through its sweeping digital transformation, Inland Revenue aims to change that. The revenue agency is working to build a new, event-based core system that will reduce the burden of tax compliance. The platform will put taxpayers at the center of processes, enabling greater automation and more timely and coordinated communications. To complement its new core platform, Inland Revenue is also building a dynamic digital layer to enable a streamlined customer experience. Single sign-on and pre-populated personal information will be a welcome departure from the traditional approach of "Fill out this form, and we'll get back to you."
The Accenture Global Taxpayers Survey underscores the need
for customer-centric digital transformation. Nine in ten taxpayers
(91 percent) we surveyed in each country are using online
banking services. They expect similar levels of innovation and
quality of service from their revenue agency—pointing to the
need for digital government services. Yet agencies are
struggling to meet these expectations and continue to engage
with taxpayers through increasingly outdated methods.
In New Zealand, 83 percent of those we surveyed expressed interest in using an online tax account. Like their taxpaying peers around the globe, New Zealanders have the appetite, readiness and trust required to become truly digital customers of revenue agencies.
Inland Revenue is answering that call. Rather than adding digital "window dressing" to existing systems or processes, the revenue agency is doing the hard work of true transformation. It's been years in the making—and will take years to complete. Along the way, Inland Revenue has been engaging with taxpayers, tax agents, businesses of all sizes and tax software vendors. The revenue agency is gathering their perspectives, understanding their pain points and demonstrating a commitment to using digital technologies to reduce the time and effort individuals and businesses must expend to address tax compliance.
It's an important investment in driving mission productivity and personalized services—all of which will make life less taxing for New Zealand's taxpayers.
Learn what the Technology Vision means for public service across Defense & Public Safety, Human Services and Operations & Management industries.
Every year, the Technology Vision team collaborates with Accenture Research to pinpoint the emerging IT developments that will have the greatest impact on companies, government agencies, and other organizations in the next three to five years.
The research process this year began with gathering inputs from the Technology Vision External Advisory Board, a group comprising of more than two dozen executives and entrepreneurs from the public and private sectors, academia, venture capital and startup companies. In addition, the Technology Vision team conducted nearly 100 interviews with technology luminaries, industry experts and Accenture business leaders.
The team also tapped into the vast pool of knowledge and innovative ideas from professionals across Accenture, using Accenture's collaboration technologies and a crowdsourcing approach to launch and run an online contest to uncover the most interesting emerging technology themes. Over 1,700 participants actively engaged in the contest, contributing valuable ideas and voting on others' inputs.
This year, Accenture conducted the first Technology Vision survey, polling 2,000 business and technology executives—including 162 public service leaders—across nine countries and 10 industries, in order to understand key technology challenges as well as priority investments. The goals: to understand their perspectives on key technology challenges they face, and to identify their priority investments over the next few years. This survey was fielded from December 2014 through January 2015 in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. Respondents included IT Directors (24 percent), Function Heads (15 percent), CIOs or Chief Mobility Officers (13 percent), CTOs or Directors of Technology (13 percent), CMOs (9 percent), Line of Business Heads (9 percent) and CSOs (4 percent).
To learn more and read the full Accenture Technology Vision 2015 report, please go to:
> accenture.com/technologyvision


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Chronological order
(If you are new to MCU, then you should start with; Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, Iron Man 2, Thor, Captain America and then Agent Carter.)
There is a S.H.I.E.L.D spin-off mini-series, called Slingshot. It takes place right before Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D season 4. (can be found at ABC's youtube channel).


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Lindenwood University has hired Angela Royal as its new Director of Student Life and Leadership and Nicole Cornwell as Associate Director of Student Life and Leadership, effective July 2, 2012.
Royal comes to Lindenwood from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, where she had served since 2007 as director of new student programs. She holds from the university an undergraduate degree in workforce education development with an emphasis in business education, as well as a master's degree in higher education with an emphasis in college student personnel.
In her new position at Lindenwood, Royal is responsible for facilitating and scheduling campus activities, coordinating student organizations, and managing student facilities such as the Evans Commons. She also plans to create additional campus activities, spotlight social hubs on campus, and increase involvement from both residential and commuter students.
"Involvement is critical to student success," Royal said. "I'm looking forward to working closely with students to coordinate co-curricular activities and organizations that will help them develop into tomorrow's leaders, while also having a lot of fun!"
As associate director, Cornwell is responsible for assisting Royal in the management of student programs, overseeing the daily operations of the Evans Commons, and managing student organizations. She will also teach freshman orientation courses.
"I'm ready to meet the students and talk with them about what they would like to see taking place on campus in terms of activities," Cornwell said. "I would also love to explore increased involvement from Lindenwood's evening and weekend students."
Prior to coming to Lindenwood, Cornwell had served since 2008 as the program director of student involvement at Westminster College in Fulton, Mo. She holds a bachelor's degree in business administration and marketing with a minor in communications from Fontbonne University and a master's degree in college student personnel administration from the University of Central Missouri.
"We are excited to have these two additions to the Student Life and Leadership team," said John Oldani, Vice President for Student Development at Lindenwood. "Angela and Nicole have a wealth of knowledge and experience that will be of great benefit to our students and will help raise our activities program to an even higher level."


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Justin Bieber's Home Raided by Police in Egg-Throwing Case
Authorities searched the pop star's Calabasas, Calif., home Tuesday following allegations that he threw eggs at a neighbor's house
The Los Angeles Sheriff's Department searched Justin Bieber's home for evidence in an egg-tossing vandalism case involving the pop star.
Bieber was at the home when nearly a dozen deputies served the warrant Tuesday morning and he was being cooperative with investigators, sheriff's spokesman Steve Whitmore said.
During the raid, police arrested an individual for felony drug possession, the Los Angeles Times reports. The person's identity was not immediately disclosed, but police confirmed that it was not Bieber.
Deputies are investigating Bieber, 19, for allegedly throwing eggs at a neighbor's home on Thursday evening and damaging its exterior. The singer lives in a gated community in Calabasas, a celebrity enclave about 30 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles.
Whitmore said the search warrant is for a possible felony case because the damage to the neighbor's home exceeded $400.
According to a press release from the sheriff's department, the purpose of the search was "to seek video surveillance or other possible evidence" in the ongoing vandalism case, whose damage was estimated to be approximately $20,000.
An email message sent to Bieber's publicist Melissa Victor was not immediately returned.
Previous investigations into Bieber's conduct by the sheriff's department against the "Boyfriend" singer have not resulted in charges.
In October, prosecutors declined to charge Bieber after a neighbor complained he drove recklessly through the area. Prosecutors in November 2012 also declined to charge the singer after a paparazzo accused him of punching and hitting him after leaving a Calabasas movie theater.


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Defy gravity at one of the Coolest Facilities in America. Over 10,000 square feet of connected, world-class trampolines in a 20,000 sq. ft facility. Our trampoline grid features over 60 trampolines, including the famous angled wall trampolines, launching decks and a few surprises up in the ceiling to test your vertical.
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Hit up the Park every Tuesday Night from 6-9pm for exclusive College Discounts! Valid College ID required to Qualify for a discount.


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Welcome to Stillman College!
An Extraordinary Setting
The pristine surrounds of Stillman College create the ideal liberal arts environment. The College's attractive 105-acre campus combines the history and tradition of the past with the innovation and pluralistic culture of the future. Stillman's unfaltering commitment to providing an elite education for its students drives change, not only on the Stillman campus, but also in the community.
A Tradition of Academic Excellence
With outstanding academic programs, modern well-equipped facilities and small class sizes, Stillman offers an exceptional college experience. Noted for its outstanding programs in biological sciences, business administration and teacher education, Stillman has also instituted the Harte Honors College and pre-professional programs in law and medicine.
Students at Stillman have access to the latest in computer technology. As a leader in the use of wireless technology, Stillman utilizes a campus-wide fiber optic network to connect its facilities. The faculty regularly use computers as an instructional tool.
Stillman attracts highly qualified scholars, and 92 percent of full-time faculty members hold a terminal degree. Stillman faculty are committed to excellence in teaching, advising, scholarship and service—providing a challenging curriculum, administered in an atmosphere of academic freedom that prepares graduates for work, professional or graduate studies and viable careers in selected fields. The College also fosters an intellectually stimulating environment that encourages and supports spiritual, ethical and moral development, an appreciation for the arts, global awareness and concern for the common good in the context of a global society.
Stillman embraces its lighter side, too. Football returned to the campus in 1999, inspiring the creation of the Blue Pride Marching Band. From 1999-? the football program was a powerful force among its fellow Division II competitors and former players in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League. The College also offers intercollegiate teams for men in basketball, tennis, track and baseball; and for women in basketball, tennis, track, softball and volleyball. Along with its renowned choir, these activities have stimulated enrollment and continue to contribute to its exceptional offerings.
The Stillman Way
Stillman brings a private college's sense of purpose to bear on its historic mission. Stillman is committed to shared governance, fiscal soundness and exemplary stewardship of its resources. The College utilizes innovative techniques and strategic planning in all its administrative processes, and employs modern pedagogy and innovative technology in the delivery of services to its clientele.
The Stillman Man and The Stillman Woman are committed to tackling the demands of academia with confidence and character. The Stillman student faces the inevitable and the unexpected with equal aplomb.
The administration believes strongly in the "sense of place" that Stillman provides. "The College provides an environment that delivers the pursuit of intellectual excellence, the development of personal honor, and a commitment to the common good. This is 'The Stillman Way'. At the end of the day, it is about being the best, doing the best and having the best."
For more than 137 years, Stillman has prepared students for the challenges of a continuously evolving world. Ranked among the top tier of Comprehensive colleges in the South offering Bachelor's degrees and one of the "15 Most Wired College Campuses" by U.S. News & World Report, the Stillman spirit remains vibrant in the face of remarkable social change, global terrorism, economic strife and adversity. The beacon light that is Stillman College will shine forth unsullied for generations to come as it remains "a private college with a public mission".


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Joining Europe and Japan, North America is getting the red Wii bundle that celebrates the 25th anniversary of Super Mario Bros.
The console comes packed with the new Wii-mote Plus, which has on-board Wii MotionPlus. Priced at US$199.99, the bundle also comes with Wii Sports, New Super Mario Bros. and a red Nunchuk.
Like with the European bundle, the game will not come with the special "hacked" version of the original Super Mario Bros. It also does not come with the original version of Donkey Kong that Europe is getting.
The bundle hits North America on November 7.


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Will A Jon Chu Directed G.I. JOE 2 Be In S3D?
Interesting news about Jon Chu being the top choice for Paramount's upcoming sequel to G.I. JOE. We all know Chu is big on stereoscopic 3D so does this translate to a potential 3D G.I. JOE 2?
I think so. Fingers crossed. I thought the first movie was a lot of fun - especially Snake Eyes. In fact, keep tuning in to MarketSaw as I will have a video unboxing and review of my new Sideshow Collectibles diorama, Snake Eyes vs. Red Ninjas! :-)
Chu has not officially signed on as of yet, but I see this happening soon.
From Movie Web:
With your background in dance and choreography, what kind of fight scenes can we expect to see between Storm Shadow and Snake Eyes in G.I. Joe 2?
Jon M. Chu: (Laughs) I am up for a lot of projects right now. But if I got Joe, I would feel extremely blessed and very happy. That would be really awesome. But, you know? It is a far-fetched dream right now. For me? I grew up with Joe. I loved Transformers, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and Joe. I think we've been waiting for the Joe movie that we've always wanted, but have never gotten. I think there is an opportunity to do that. For me, with dance and choreography, it's about a love of movement. I am not a dancer myself. I like to dance. But I am not a dancer. I think movement tells the story. Whether it is John Wayne standing on the porch, or leaning on something, and then he puts his hands in his pockets. Movement can communicate so much. I feel like using movement in a story, especially in terms of action, you can do a lot with that. If I were ever lucky enough to get that, it would be pretty awesome.
Being a fan of the property, what do you hope to see out of G.I. Joe 2?
Jon M. Chu: I am trying to figure that out right now. I have a bunch of stuff written down. I have done a bunch of drawings and things. We'll have to see where that goes. Joe, to me, is iconic. It is as American as Coke and the Boy Scouts. To have that kind of history in a brand is so rare these days. And that is so powerful. So you can't treat Joe like its just another action movie. You can't treat Joe as just another petty commercial movie. Joe has history. Joe has always been a part of what America is, and now the world. What it means to be a leader and a hero. For me, it is about the fun stuff like Storm Shadow and Snake Eyes, and all the gadgets. All of that stuff. But it has heart. Its heart is what America, and what heroes and leaders around the world, strive to be. I think that is what the brand needs. It needs the respect to be treated in that way.
Clearly I want a G.I. JOE 2 to be shot in 3D! I think Chu has his mind in the right place for this to work.
Additional Source: Deadline


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Customer Service Representative
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Minimum Qualifications
Preferred Qualifications
Our Business
The CSR is a member of the Store Operations team, a group of diverse and talented individuals across the country aligned with and committed to our Company's mission and values. The face of our Company, our store operators work in a fast-paced, dynamic, and energetic environment and consistently produce superior results. Responsible for managing our stores, generating revenue, and being an integral part of their communities, they use their love for business, people, and service to build relationships with our customers and help people every day.
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Standing, walking, sitting, repetitive movements and use of mechanical controls, such as keyboard, are frequently required.
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MEDINA, Ohio--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jul. 21, 2017--
International Inc. (NYSE: RPM) today announced that it has
acquired Key
Resin Company, a manufacturer of polymer flooring and coating systems.
It will operate as one of RPM's Euclid Group of companies. Headquartered
in Batavia, Ohio, Key Resin has annual net sales of approximately $25
million. Terms of the transaction, which is expected to be accretive to
earnings within one year, were not disclosed.
Key Resin manufactures and markets terrazzo and resinous flooring, wall
coating systems, concrete repair materials and maintenance products for
industrial, institutional and commercial applications. It sells directly
to contractors and facility owners, enabling Key Resin to provide highly
insightful and responsive customer service and technical support. The
company primarily serves the North American market.
The Euclid
Group is a world-leading manufacturer of specialty chemical products for
the global construction and engineering industries. Its global
product portfolio includes admixtures, concrete fibers, grouts, mortars,
screeds, adhesives, concrete sealers, sealants, protective coatings,
flooring systems and waterproofing membranes, among many other
construction products.
"Key Resin fits right within our sweet spot for acquisitions. It's a
well-run, family-founded specialty coatings business that is a market
leader," stated Frank C. Sullivan, RPM chairman and chief executive
officer. "This transaction expands our Euclid Group's flooring systems
product offering and market share in North America, and positions it as
a significant player in terrazzo flooring. Key Resin will continue to be
run by Jeff Cain, a second-generation family leader of the business, and
his strong management team."
About RPM
RPM International Inc. owns subsidiaries that are world leaders in
specialty coatings, sealants, building materials and related services
across three segments. RPM's industrial products include roofing
systems, sealants, corrosion control coatings, flooring coatings and
other construction chemicals. Industrial companies include Stonhard,
Chemical and RPM
Belgium Vandex. RPM's consumer products are used by professionals
and do-it-yourselfers for home maintenance and improvement and by
hobbyists. Consumer brands include Rust-Oleum,
and Testors.
RPM's specialty products include industrial cleaners, colorants,
exterior finishes, specialty OEM coatings, edible coatings, restoration
services equipment and specialty glazes for the pharmaceutical and food
industries. Specialty segment companies include Day-Glo,
Wood Finishes, Mantrose-Haeuser,
Brands, Kop-Coat
and TCI.
Additional details can be found at www.rpminc.com
and by following RPM on Twitter at www.twitter.com/RPMintl.
For more information, contact Barry M. Slifstein, vice president –
investor relations, at 330-273-5090 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" relating to our
business. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by
us, are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future
events impacting us, and are subject to uncertainties and factors
(including those specified below) which are difficult to predict and, in
many instances, are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results
could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such
forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors include (a)
global markets and general economic conditions, including uncertainties
surrounding the volatility in financial markets, the availability of
capital and the effect of changes in interest rates, and the viability
of banks and other financial institutions; (b) the prices, supply and
capacity of raw materials, including assorted pigments, resins, solvents
and other natural gas- and oil-based materials; packaging, including
plastic containers; and transportation services, including fuel
surcharges; (c) continued growth in demand for our products; (d) legal,
environmental and litigation risks inherent in our construction and
chemicals businesses and risks related to the adequacy of our insurance
coverage for such matters; (e) the effect of changes in interest rates;
(f) the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates upon our
foreign operations; (g) the effect of non-currency risks of investing in
and conducting operations in foreign countries, including those relating
to domestic and international political, social, economic and regulatory
factors; (h) risks and uncertainties associated with our ongoing
acquisition and divestiture activities; (i) risks related to the
adequacy of our contingent liability reserves; and (j) other risks
detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
including the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended May 31, 2016, as the same may be updated from time to
time. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise
any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or
circumstances that arise after the date of this release.
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170721005135/en/
Source: RPM International Inc.
RPM International Inc.Barry M. Slifstein, vice president –
investor email@example.com
RPM International Inc. (NYSE: RPM) owns subsidiaries that are world leaders in coatings, sealants, building materials and related services. From homes to precious landmarks worldwide, their brands are trusted by consumers and professionals alike to protect, improve and beautify. Among its leading consumer brands are Rust-Oleum, DAP and Zinsser. Learn more about RPM brands >>
RPM is a compelling long-term investment.
The percent by which RPM's 10-year total return has bested the S&P 500. More reasons >>
Get the latest news and financial information on why RPM is a good investment Download investor kit >>
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But this one is thoroughly annoying:
Let's look at this:
1. It uses the word "artisan" twice. Once to make you nauseous, and once to make you puke.
2. It's a FREAKIN' JAR OF HONEY PEOPLE! Humans can't even make it.
3. The "Artisan honey keepers" are BEES! I'm pretty sure they aren't making this claim, any more than my dog claims to be an "artisan shitpile keeper."
4. If you're going to put a "gluten free" label on honey, maybe it's time we started putting "fat free" stickers on water.


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Thomas E. Tyson
Definition: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) is one manifestation of the church of Jesus Christ and is Reformed in doctrine, Presbyterian in polity, and evangelical in outreach.
Purpose: The OPC sees as its reason for existence the glorification of the name of the triune God through covenantal obedience and gospel witness. That is to say, it wants to be upward- and outward-facing.
History: The OPC came into being in the mid 1930s, when the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. deposed certain ministers and elders (led by J. Gresham Machen) for their insistence that the church uphold its standards against inroads of unbelief and apostasy.
Statistics: At the end of 1998 (the last year for which official data are currently available), there were 199 local churches and 54 unorganized mission works among the 16 regional churches. The membership totaled 24,413, including 383 ministers of the gospel. Morning worship attendance averaged 20,414 in November 1998, and total giving approached $27 million for the year.
Worldwide Outreach: Mission activity of the OPC falls into three categories:
In 1998, $2,170,105 was expended by Worldwide Outreach (Home and Foreign Missions and Christian Education).
The administrative office building of the OPC is located at 607 N. Easton Road, Bldg. E, Box P, Willow Grove, PA 19090-2359; tel. 215/830-0900.
The Stated Clerk of the OPC: Donald J. Duff (same address as above)
Great Commission Publications, a joint publications ministry of the OPC and the PCA, with offices in Suwanee, Georgia, produces Sunday school, VBS, and catechetical materials, as well as Trinity Hymnal.
A Ministerial Internship program is administered by the Committee on Christian Education through its general secretary, providing the arrangement of, and financial support for, both summer and yearlong internships.
The Ministerial Training Institute of the OPC, which began operation in January 1999, provides supplemental instruction to men preparing for the gospel ministry in the OPC, in such areas as the Westminster standards, the history of the OPC, church polity, practical theology, and apologetics.
Thomas E. Tyson is an OPC minister and general secretary of the Committee on Christian Education. Reprinted from New Horizons, June 2000.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Chaplains and Military Personnel


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January 1, 2000 was a date that many folks feared the world would come to an end. Some simply stored supplies while others went to more drastic extremes. Once we all learned that Y2K was, in fact, not the end of all mankind, most who were convinced of the millennium doomsday sheepishly went back to their regular lives. Norman Feller, however, did not follow suit.
It was only after 14 years of leading a secluded, solitary life in a bunker buried in his back yard that he finally decided to emerge this last September to discover the outcome that we've all been aware of since midnight of that dreaded New Year's night. It was the lonely life in a windowless, makeshift home and sheer curiosity that finally drove him to come out.
Once surfaced from his survival pod, Feller's first impression was that things hadn't changed much. His house was basically in the same condition it was since he left it, and his car was still in the garage. There are, however, certain changes that he finds amazing. He's shocked at the wide-spread use of smart phones, the relative lack concern regarding acid rain, and the fact that Joey got a spin-off from Friends ("Chandler was the one that everybody wanted to watch, right?") The thing that Feller is most impressed with is KFC's 'Double Down' sandwich that has chicken breasts instead of bread.
After reflecting on the world around him, Feller realized the mistake he'd made. In his preparation for Y2K, he abandoned his wife, not allowed her to share in the safety of his bunker. He has since apologized to her for the rejection. Emerging from his backyard bunker has given Feller new a outlook on life. His advice is rather to plan for the world to come to an end, be prepared for the world to live forever.
UPDATE: We've learned recently that this story originally came from a satirical radio program in Canada. Well done, This is That. We wanted this to be a real thing so badly! A great story nonetheless.


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SiR The Investment - WHY [Label Submitted]
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Welcome to Radio Star! Four of the most recognizable hosts gather together and interview celebrities on television. Kim Gu Ra, Yoon Jong Shin, Kim Gook Jin have been the hosts of the show for nearly a decade. They went through all the ups and downs together. Some of the hottest stars of the time visit the show every week. The never-seen-before new sides of celebrities are revealed through this show. The hosts honest remarks and the stars funniest and amazing charms shine the show. The chemistry between the hosts and guests create major laughter. Celebrities also share their biggest secrets and also one of the most touching stories. Also, stars are created through Radio Star sometimes. The show manages to discover precious gems and create them into biggest stars. Who will visit next week for a big laughter? Stay tuned for a fun-filled show.
- Original title
- 라디오스타
- Volunteer Team
- Radio Star Volunteer Team
- Broadcast Network
- Broadcast Period
- 05-30-2007
- Rating


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This weekend, Facebook disabled the app and "single sign on" service for the online music streaming service Grooveshark. While Grooveshark initially apologized in a blog post, saying the disabled services must have been an error on Facebook's part, Digital Music News confirmed that Facebook actually cut ties with Grooveshark due to a copyright infringement complaint the social media giant received.
"We have removed the Grooveshark app due to a copyright infringement complaint we received," Facebook officially stated. Facebook has not yet responded to our request for further comment.
At the moment, users can not sign into Grooveshark with a Facebook username and password, or post tracks on Facebook via the Grooveshark Facebook app. Grooveshark has not made any public statements since the blog post this weekend, which incorrectly claimed, "We believe [the services] were disabled in error and we are in communication with Facebook to try to understand exactly what's going on, so we hope to see a resolution to these problems soon." The post also said Grooveshark issued a temporary fix to the single sign-on issue, allowing those users with Facebook log-ins to sign on with their e-mail addresses.
The online music streaming service has been the target of many copyright infringement complaints where similar services like Rdio and Spotify haven't, in part because Grooveshark allows users to upload their own music and share it with others. While Grooveshark says it takes down tracks in response to DCMA infringement notices, that hasn't stopped the service from getting into hot water with four major record labels (EMI, Universal, Sony, and Warner) earlier this year.
Facebook's recent move promises to cause huge headaches for the already embattled Grooveshark. And some companies may be concerned by the fact that Facebook can, without warning, revoke access to the log-in service that they depend on to authenticate large portions of users every day.
When Ars asked a spokesperson for Grooveshark whether the company was doing anything to rectify its Facebook issues, she responded that Grooveshark was not sharing any details beyond Facebook's public statement citing a copyright infringement complaint.


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Case Blurb: Cammarata; The difficulty of proving relevance and prejudice of destroyed documents
Posted by rjbiii on March 29, 2010
It is well established that a party seeking the sanction of an adverse inference instruction based on spoliation of evidence must establish that: (1) the party with control over the evidence had an obligation to preserve it at the time it was destroyed; (2) the evidence was destroyed with a culpable state of mind; and (3) the destroyed evidence was "relevant" to the party's claim or defense such that a reasonable trier of fact could find that it would support that claim or defense. The "relevance" and "prejudice" factors of the adverse inference analysis are often broken down into three subparts:
(1) whether the evidence is relevant to the lawsuit;
(2) whether the evidence would have supported the inference sought; and
(3) whether the nondestroying party has suffered prejudice from the destruction of the evidence.
Pension Committee recognized the difficulty and potential for unfairness in requiring an innocent party seeking discovery to show that information lost through spoliation is relevant and prejudicial. Those concerns are acute when the party seeking discovery cannot replace or obtain extrinsic evidence of the content of deleted information. But in many cases–including the present case–there are sources from which at least some of the allegedly spoliated evidence can be obtained. And in many cases–including the present case–the party seeking discovery can also obtain extrinsic evidence of the content of at least some of the deleted information from other documents, deposition testimony, or circumstantial evidence.
Courts recognize that a showing that the lost information is relevant and prejudicial is an important check on spoliation allegations and sanctions motions. Courts have held that speculative or generalized assertions that the missing evidence would have been favorable to the party seeking sanctions are insufficient. By contrast, when the evidence in the case as a whole would allow a reasonable fact finder to conclude that the missing evidence would have helped the requesting party support its claims or defenses, that may be a sufficient showing of both relevance and prejudice to make an adverse inference instruction appropriate.
See case summary here.
Rimkus Consulting Group, Inc. v. Cammarata, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14573, 30-31 (S.D. Tex. Feb. 19, 2010) (referring to Pension Comm. of the Univ. of Montreal Pension Plan v. Banc of Am. Sec., LLC, No. 05 Civ. 9016, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 4546, 2010 WL 184312, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 15, 2010))
See case Summary for Pension Committee here.


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This red furry guy was in our yard this week. I did some research and found out he is a Red Velvet Ant. No, not sweet like Red Velvet Cake, but mean like a wasp! That's right, this is type of wasp, and he is sometimes called a Cow Killer because of his bad sting.
Mom, thanks for the Big World Report, but I don't want to be friends with this guy.


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Sew your wardrobe's way onto the A-List of fashion in Design & Sew an A-Line Skirt with Deborah Moebes. An accomplished author, Deborah guides you through designing an A-Line skirt tailored to your exact measurements and sewing your garment in a style that equally suits you. You'll gain an understanding of ease, dart design and pocket creation, while learning techniques to create skirt volume and support. You'll also want to take plenty of video notes in this information-rich course as Deborah shows you multiple variations on this classic look.
Dont walk the line of skirt patterning; create your own by enrolling today in Design & Sew an A-Line Skirt!
What You'll Learn:
* Pattern drafting, including dart design, to perfectly tailor your measurements
* Skirt construction from hems and seams to facing, interfacing, bias tape and invisible zippers
* Taking accurate measurements
* Slash and spread for additional skirt flow
* How to add waist support, pockets and unique embellishments
What You'll Make:
* A custom A-Line skirt with an invisible zipper
* An A-Line skirt pattern that you can use again and again
* Hand-sewn pockets that are lined, unlined, inseam, patch- or muffin-shaped


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Abdullah earns AP All-America honors
The list of honors for Nebraska junior I-back Ameer Abdullah continued to grow on Tuesday, as he was named a third-team All-American by the Associated Press.
Abdullah was one of six running backs to earn All-America honors and he was joined on the third team by Ohio State running back Carlos Hyde. Boston College's Andre Williams and Arizona's Ka'Deem Carey were the first-team running backs, while Bishop Sankey of Washington and Auburn's Tre' Mason were on the second team.
The 5-9, 190-pound Abdullah has rushed for 1,568 yards this season, while rushing for 100 yards or more in 10 of 12 games. His rushing total is the fifth-best in school history and the most rushing yards by a Nebraska player since the 1997 season when Ahman Green rank for 1,877 yards.
Abdullah's rushing yardage total lead the Big Ten while his average of 130.7 yards per game ranks second in the conference and seventh in the country. Abdullah has also posted 1,859 all-purpose yards this season, to rank No. 7 on the single-season list in the catgory. He is in position to post just the third 2,000-yard all-purpose yardage season in school history.
Abdullah's selection marks the fifth straight season Nebraska has had at least one player named to the Associated Press All-America team. Overall, the Huskers have had nine AP All-Americans in the past five seasons.
Abdullah was one of 15 players from the Big Ten Conference named to one of the three AP All-America teams.
Information from University of Nebraska Athletics


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Gentle Dental Care & Orthodontic Care"... good dentistry doesnt have to hurt!"
General and Family Dentistry
Sterling: 703-444-5678Lorton: 703-495-9992
Smile! You're in good hands.
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.Throughout our website, you will find an abundance of information about our practice, procedures we provide, and dentistry in general. Please explore and learn as much about dentistry and our services as you desire. We believe our patients should have as much information as possible in order to make important, informed decisions regarding their oral health and treatment options.Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Your referrals are welcome and appreciated. We look forward to seeing you!
Proudly serving:
Lorton, Sterling, VA, Ft. Belvoir, Springfield, Burke, Woodbridge, Ashburn, Leesburg, Great Falls, McLean
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Lorton, VA 22079
20 Pidgeon Hill Drive Suite 204
Sterling, VA 20165


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IT law specialist Clare Murray of Pinsent Masons, the law firm behind Out-Law.com, said that cost-cutting requirements and the changing needs of organisations are behind a rise in the number of IT outsourcing contract renegotiations. She said she expects the trend to continue.
"Customers are under pressure to cut costs and are looking to their suppliers to help them achieve this," Murray said. "The way that the Cabinet Office has conducted negotiations with suppliers is a high profile example of this."
"Customers are therefore seeking to renegotiate the terms of their contract. They are setting the challenge to suppliers, what can you give us? Suppliers are under pressure to preserve the relationship and their revenue stream," she said. "They need to demonstrate what they can do to support their customer and why their customer is not better off exploring cheaper alternatives."
"Suppliers are offering to reduce their prices or to introduce new technology or efficiencies to deliver more for less. In return customers are often willing to vary the scope of the services and/or extend the term of the contract." Murray added.
Murray was commenting after a sourcing advisory company, ISG, said that 44 per cent of all outsourcing contracts agreed on in the first three months of 2012 were renegotiated contracts, according to a report by Computer Weekly.
Steve Tuppen, director at ISG, said that 15 per cent of the total number of IT outsourcing contracts in the first half of this year were restructured contracts worth at least €20m, according to the report.
"Where there have been supplier performance issues this can provide leverage for customers in renegotiations," said Murray. "However, supplier performance issues in themselves can also trigger renegotiations to contracts."
"Both customers and suppliers want to avoid expensive competitive procurement processes," she said. "As contracts come to an end customers are renewing their existing arrangements with their suppliers and renegotiating the terms to take account of their future requirements, such as moving the delivery of services to the cloud. Customers are saying to their suppliers, 'we have cut out the cost of retendering for this work, so we want to see the benefit of that in your offering."
"In cases where customers are moving to single-sourcing to multi-sourcing models, renegotiations with suppliers tend to centre on three things: how suppliers can assist in restructuring the services ahead of the re-procurement of those services; how suppliers can assist in facilitating the phased transition to a multi-sourcing model; and in how suppliers can help in working with new suppliers as they are brought in," Murray said.
Copyright © 2012, Out-Law.com
Out-Law.com is part of international law firm Pinsent Masons.


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2012 American Country Awards Best Dressed Pictures
While there were a few fashion duds, there were more than enough fashion studs and beauty queens to make a seat along the 2012 American Country Awards red carpet quite a find. The stars on this Best Dressed list didn't drape themselves in formal wear like they do at other award shows. Instead, the crowd at this Las Vegas ceremony combined West Coast style with country-chic traditions. And five stars really got it right.
Best Dressed at the 2012 ACAs:
Lauren Alaina makes our fashion highlight reel once again with this flirty, floor-length burst of sunshine. Yellow is a great color for her hair and skin tone, and she wore it with the confidence of a woman with twice her red carpet experience.
Casey James is the second former 'American Idol' singer to make the Best Dressed list in 2012. His aqua blazer and denim pants really pulled the blue of his eyes forward. Normally jeans don't find much applause at country music awards shows, but the Texas-born country singer drew our attention away from his pants.
Carrie Underwood's peach frock is a little sassy, but plenty tame enough that she won't be a part of any "What happens in Vegas ..." humor in the coming year. The singer forever looks like the girl next door. Her bright smile may be country music's best fashion accessory.
Florida Georgia Line are proving that their fashion sense is as good as their hook-filled country-rock anthems. The duo brought just enough shimmer to the Vegas red carpet, but looked casual enough to still get into all the most fun parties they're sure to be seeking after the ACAs and beyond.
Gloriana get the hipster award of 2012 with their new styles, showcased at the 2012 American Country Awards. The Gossin brothers certainly aren't afraid of hair gel, with Tom Gossin adding dark frames and a skinny tie to complete his look at the December show. Our favorite part of this choreographed wardrobe? Rachel Reinert's purple heels. They're the perfect splash of color.


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Easton Counter Height Dining Table - Brown Cherry - Acme
Browse all deals at Target
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* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Target to confirm actual price & availability.
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5300 Us Highway 10 E
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Bollywood legend Shah Rukh Khan just got some critical insight for his role in an upcoming movie, thanks to law enforcement at New Jersey's Newark Airport.
Khan, a world renowned Indian actor, was on his way to Chicago yesterday for a celebration of Indian Independence Day when authorities at Newark took him aside and interrogated him for hours, reports Reuters. The 43-year-old says he may have been targeted because he is Muslim, and his detention sparked uproar in his home country.
"I was really hassled perhaps because of my name being Khan. These guys just wouldn't let me through," Khan said in a text message to reporters in India.
The highly-acclaimed actor was ushered into a back room and grilled about why he was in the country.
That's a funny story.
U.S. & World
Khan had just completed a month-long shoot in the United States for his new film "My Name is Khan" – a movie about a Muslim man's experience with racial profiling slated to come out in 2010, reports Reuters.
Talk about life imitating art.
The actor was simply waiting for his bags when the officials approached him.
"I thought it was nice of them to take me to another room ... but that was apparently a second check. I had my papers in order. I was really taken aback," Khan said, according to IMDB.com. "Absolutely uncalled for, I think. I felt angry and humiliated."
News of Khan's confinement rapidly went viral. As soon as Indian TV broke the news, fans and other actors in the country flocked to the web to tweet about their fury at what they perceived as racial and religious discrimination.
"Shocking, disturbing n downright disgraceful. It's such behavior that fuels hatred and racism," actor Priyanka Chopra wrote on his account. "SRK's a world figure for God's sake. Get real."
U.S. Ambassador in India, Timothy Roemer, said authorities are looking into why Khan, whom he calls a "global icon," was treated in such a manner. He is "a very welcome guest in the United States," Roemer added in a statement conveyed through an embassy spokesman.
While Indian Information Minister Ambika Soni said she couldn't say for sure whether Khan was held because of his religion, she said, "there have been too many instances like these in the U.S. concerning Indians."
Khan has acted in more than 70 films, and has consistently topped popularity charts in India for the past decade.


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|A 1920s Graflex film pack
Kodak and Ansco supplied packs of ready to use 4x5 and other size sheet film in the late 30s, 40s and 50s for use with packfilm adapters on press cameras. Press photographers paid the extra price to have this pack of Tri-X ready to go. If you see a pack film adapter, you will notice that it looks like a 550 style holder for instant film packs.
Here is a link to details about the early pack films with a cross section view of how one is assembled.
Polaroid knew about packfilm and had ideas to produce pack film from almost the beginning of their photography business. But, packfilm was complicated, and required expensive machinery to produce. The choice of "picture rolls" also known as Polaroid roll film, was the result. Picture rolls were produced until the early 90s, when they were discontinued. 20x24 Studio still uses a big "picture roll" of sorts, with two rolls in the camera, one the negative, the other the positive.
After the business grew and improvements were needed, and the capital was available, the decision to switch over to packfilm was made. Both Polaroid and Fuji made packfilm. Fuji still makes some of the smaller pack film today, but has discontinued 4x5 pack film completely, due to poor sales. After being approached six times by an associate of ours, it became clear that Fujifilm is planning on exiting the packfilm business completely. Attempts to get Fujifilm to supply materials to various instant film projects go unanswered. Poor sales of the pack film were blamed on the high cost, but that's not the entire story. Few 4x5 pack film backs were manufactured compared with the smaller backs that shared the same format with millions of still working pack film cameras. With so many "mouths to feed" Fuji enjoys sales to those cameras that take the smaller pack film. Those who still have a stock of 4x5 Fuji pack film are fortunate.
Polaroid also had 4x5 single sheet from very early on and produced it for about 50 years.
There really is no reason for us to make pack film, especially not in 4x5. The sales figures would not support it, and the value proposition to the user is not as good as its single sheet cousin that can produce a positive print and a high quality negative with one exposure. Even this improved value still needs to be proven in the marketplace and steps are being taken to learn if the market is strong enough to support that product. We think it might as there are more of the 545 type backs in the world than any of the pack film backs, and nearly all of the 545 backs are still in operating condition, a testament to their durability.


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Dodge Dakota Leads List of Trucks, SUVs, Vans with Highest North American Content
It could be argued that truck buyers care more about "how American" their vehicles are compared to other segments. For 2011, Dodge and Toyota make the trucks, van, and SUV that form the top of a list documenting vehicles that have the highest North American parts content.
Thanks to the American Automobile Labeling Act, the NHTSA issues a report every year that lists vehicles according to the amount parts that are derived from the U.S. and Canada. Percentages can change from year-to-year, but for 2011, the now-dead Ford Explorer Sport Trac tops the list for trucks, vans, SUVs, and cars with a full 90 percent of its parts from North America. We've omitted that vehicle, along with the defunct Mercury Mountaineer and outgoing Ford Explorer -- each at 85 percent -- before collecting the top performers in each segment. Check out the top cars in the related post also on this site.
Top Trucks
The midsize Dodge Dakota, at 84 percent, has just a bit more North American content than the full-size Toyota Tundra, at 80 percent. The Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon come in third, with 75 percent. For those who are curious, the 2011 report shows the Ram truck at 70 percent, the Chevrolet Silverado at 61 percent, and the Ford F-Series at 60 percent.
Top SUVs
Toyota's large Sequoia SUV and Dodge's midsize Nitro SUV have the highest North American parts content of any currently made SUV, according to the 2011 report, at 80 percent each. The four-door Jeep Wrangler has 79 percent North American content, actually one percent higher than the two-door model. The Jeep Liberty -- made alongside the Dodge Nitro -- is listed at 78 percent. The Buick Enclave has the highest content from the U.S. and Canada among luxury SUVs, at 75 percent, followed by the Acura RDX at 70 percent.
Top Vans/Minivans
The Dodge Grand Caravan has a higher North American parts content than any van or minivan, at 82 percent, even higher than the Chrysler Town & Country, which is at 80 percent. GMC's Savana slips in at 80 percent, followed by the Toyota Sienna and Honda Odyssey at 75 percent. Not surprisingly, the Ford Transit Connect has 10 percent North American parts content, as it is manufactured primarily in Turkey. The Kia Sedona is shown at 7 percent while the Mazda5 minivan has, well, 5 percent North American parts content, not a surprise, since the vehicles are made in South Korea and Japan, respectively.
Do you think that a vehicle's North American parts content is more important for a truck or SUV than a car? How much would that affect your vehicle purchasing decision? Tell us in the comments section below.
Source: NHTSA


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Fun Facts about Lighthouses
What's the oldest? The newest? The tallest? The most famous? (You'll kick yourself if you don't guess the last one.)
We at Coastal Living love lighthouses as much as our readers do. We've accumulated some lighthouse trivia that we think you might enjoy.
The first known lighthouse―the Pharos of Alexandria, Egypt―was completed about 280 B.C. It stood more than 350 feet tall until an earthquake destroyed it in the 1300s.
The world's oldest working lighthouse, La Coruna, stands at the northwest tip of Spain. The Romans built it early in the second century A.D. It's also called the Tower of Hercules.
The first lighthouse in what is now the United States was built on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor in 1716. The British blew it up in 1776. The replacement tower, dating to 1783, still functions as a navigation aid. Known as Boston Harbor Light, it is the only U.S. lighthouse that is still manned.
The oldest active U.S. lighthouse is the Sandy Hook Light at Gateway National Recreation Area in Fort Hancock, New Jersey. It first lit the night in 1764.
The first U.S. lighthouse to use electricity is also the world's most famous lighthouse: the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. From its opening in 1886 until its deactivation as a lighthouse in 1902, its torch carried an electric light that was visible for 24 miles.
The tallest masonry U.S. lighthouse is the Cape Hatteras Light near Buxton on North Carolina's Outer Banks. It was recently measured at 207.49 feet from the bottom of the foundation (about 10 feet underground) to the top of the spire.
The first lighthouse on the West Coast was the Alcatraz Island Light in San Francisco Bay, completed in 1854. The original tower has been replaced by a 1909-vintage structure.
The first Great Lakes' lighthouses were the Erie Land Light in Erie, Pennsylvania, and the Buffalo Light in Buffalo, New York, both established in 1818. Neither of the original towers remain, though both sites still contain active lighthouses.
The newest U.S. lighthouse is the Charleston Light on Sullivans Island, South Carolina, completed in 1962. The rather strange-looking triangular structure (click on www.lighthousegetaway.com/lights/SC/sullivan.gif for a photo) is also the only U.S. lighthouse with an elevator and air-conditioning.


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The Organization
distributed.net was the Internet's first general-purpose distributed computing project.
Founded in 1997, our network has grown to include thousands of volunteers around the world donating the power of their home computers, cell phones and tablets to academic research and public-interest projects. Join us today in this ground-breaking cloud computing experience! We need your help...
It's very simple to participate in our projects. You only need to download a small program, which will talk to our network and begin to process work immediately. The program uses only the computer's idle time, so when you want to use your computer, it will automatically get out of your way. Plus, there's that cute little cow icon...
There's more information on setting up the client, and about what our mission statement is.
Recent Headlines
Congratulations (January 16, 2018)
Congratulations to our friends at GIMPS who recently discovered the 50th known Mersenne Prime number! https://www.mersenne.org/primes/press/M77232917.html Moo!
A post for the New Year (January 8, 2018)
We hope that you celebrated a happy holiday season and saw the new year in with friends and family wherever you may be.
Check out Mike's latest blog: http://blogs.distributed.net/2018/01/08/23/12/mikereed/ Moo!
New stub space (December 13, 2017)
We re-opened the 7-x part of the 3rd stub space of OGR-28 today. Moo!
A quick update (November 10, 2017)
We passed 40% of OGR-28 completed this week! Moo!
New stub space (November 6, 2017)
We re-opened the 6-x part of the 3rd stub space of OGR-28 today. Moo!
A quick update (October 16, 2017)
More than 30 million stubs have been verified (completed twice) in OGR-28!
Do you think that we can reach 5% of RC5-72 completed by Christmas? Moo!
New stub space (October 2, 2017)
We re-opened the 5-x part of the 3rd stub space of OGR-28 yesterday. Moo!
A quick update (September 11, 2017)
We have been working on OGR-28 for 1300 days... today, we will pass 25 million stubs verified.
Do you have a project that we can work on after OGR-28? Let us know! Moo!
New stub space (September 4, 2017)
We re-opened the 4-x part of the 3rd stub space of OGR-28 yesterday.
The OGR-28 stubspace status page was stuck for a few days but it's working again now. Moo!
Tell one of your friends about us today. We need your help :)
New stub space (August 3, 2017)
We re-opened the 3-x part of the 3rd stub space of OGR-28 today. Moo!
ARM and CUDA? (July 18, 2017)
We've got some CUDA code and we've got some ARM code. Are you the person to tie it together?
New stub space (July 12, 2017)
We re-opened the 2-x stub space of OGR-28 today. Moo!
Happy Fourth of July! (July 4, 2017)
Happy Fourth of July to all of our American friends :)
Slow progress (June 13, 2017)
Wow, some of the work units in the first stub space take a long time, don't they?
In the past few days, we passed 36% completion on OGR-28. Moo!
Play it again, Sam (May 21, 2017)
We are going around again! All of the stubs for OGR-28 that need calculating have been issued once. Do not adjust your set.. dnetc will continue to work normally. Moo!
New stub space (May 16, 2017)
We opened the 32-x stub space of OGR-28 today! Moo!
Big news! (May 12, 2017)
We opened the 31-x stub space of OGR-28 today! This is the penultimate one.
Over 2,000 new volunteers joined us since March. Welcome! Moo!
In the last few days, we passed the RC5-72 50 BILLION blocks completed milestone!
New stub space (May 8, 2017)
We opened the 30-x stub space of OGR-28 today! Will you tell a friend about dnetc and help us get over 50,000 contributors?
New stub space (May 6, 2017)
We have been working through the 29/x stub space of OGR-28 for a few days now... 30/x isn't far away! Thank you for all of your help so far. Moo!
New stub space (April 27, 2017)
Since our last post a little over two weeks ago, we have opened the 26/x, 27/x and 28/x stub spaces of OGR-28 and just passed the 33% completion mark. Thank you for all of your help! Moo!
A milestone! (April 10, 2017)
We have opened the 25/x stub space on OGR-28 in the past couple of days... and passed the 40 billion Gnodes completed milestone! Moo!
New stub space (April 5, 2017)
We have opened the 24/x stub space on OGR-28 in the past couple of days.
If you are running dnetc on a AMD Ryzen system, we would love to hear from you. Moo!
New stub space (March 23, 2017)
We have opened the 23/x stub space on OGR-28 this weekend. Moo!
A quick update (March 11, 2017)
We have opened the 22/x stub space on OGR-28 this weekend. In a little over 3 years, we have completed more than 29% of the work necessary to prove the Optimal Golomb Ruler with 28 marks. We have also just passed the '300 million stubs completed' milestone. Over 47,700 of us working together have helped to make this happen.
One of our newest contributors on the coding side, Sunset, has helped us make a native PPC64 client for systems running Linux. She has some experience writing for VMX (which you may know as Altivec) and is hoping to update our existing cores for 64 bit systems. If you have a Power9 system in action, we would love to hear from you.
New stub space (February 2, 2017)
We opened the 20-x stub space today! Remember, there are 32 to complete. The OGR-28 stub space status page is stuck at the moment, but don't let that stop you from telling your friends to join in :)
A quick update (January 11, 2017)
We opened the 19-x stub space today. Remember, there are 32 to complete. There are now over 46,000 of us working together on the OGR-28 project. Yesterday, more than 12 packets per SECOND were completed. Wow! Thank you for all of your efforts. Moo!
Season's Greetings (January 4, 2017)
All of us at distributed.net would like to wish you compliments of the season, whether you recently celebrated Christmas, Hanukkah, a Solstice or Kwanzaa! As we begin our journey around the Sun again, we give thanks for your help with our projects. We wish good health and peace for you in the year ahead.
A quick update (December 19, 2016)
Over the weekend, we passed 25% of the total work required to prove OGR-28. Also, we opened the 18-x stub space. :) Thank you for all of your efforts. Moo!
Stats outage (December 9, 2016)
The stats system (standard) is suffering from a heatsink failure. Bovine is investigating a solution. Update to follow.
Keymaster outage (November 19, 2016)
There was a brief unplanned outage of the keymaster for about 8 hours earlier today, but the network is in the process of catching up right now and should be back to normal soon.
There will also be a planned outage of the stats server for this weekend due to building maintenance needing to service the air conditioning. Once service is restored on Monday, the stats server will again catch up.
We do not expect there to have been any significant loss of data or stats credit as a result of these events.
Thanks for your patience!
New stub space (November 18, 2016)
I seem to have skipped announcing the opening of the 16-x stub space. Sorry about that.
Today we opened the 17-x stub space! Thank you all for your continuing support :)
New stub space (October 27, 2016)
We opened a new stub space (15-x). Thank you all for your continuing support.
New stub space (October 13, 2016)
We recently opened a new stub space (14-x). Thank you all for your continuing support.
IRC changes (August 24, 2016)
After nearly a decade of running our own IRC network, the official distributed.net gathering place and coordinating point will be relocating to irc.freenode.net #distributed. If you're new to IRC or a long-time familiar face, please do stop by when you get a chance.
A quick update (August 10, 2016)
A look at OGR-28: 42,000 participants. 900 days. 31 BILLION (I know!) Gnodes checked. 20% completed. We can still complete it by New Year if each of us gets a few friends to join in!
RC5-72 has been in progress for 5,000 days as I write. There is still a long way to go, with only just over 4% of the work completed. To have the help of 120,000 participants is amazing. Thank you for all of your contributions.
Have you downloaded new dnetc client software lately? There are a raft of improvements in the last couple of versions, including speed-ups on some platforms (the latest came out of pre-release two months ago). Moo!
New clients (August 8, 2016)
Did you download the version 521 client software yet? It has been out of pre-release for two months...
New stub space (July 6, 2016)
We recently opened a new stub space (11-x). Thank you all for your continuing support.
A quick update (February 23, 2016)
We have just passed the second anniversary of the OGR-28 project. With over 36,000 contributors from around the world, we have completed more than 14% of the work necessary to prove the Optimal Golomb Ruler with 28 marks. You can track our progress on https://stats.distributed.net/, where we've recently restored the popular keyrate graphs, which show changes in our network's speed over time.
A quick update (December 2, 2015)
We've recently started on a new OGR range (7-x) and so daily stubs completed will be higher. We're still struggling with our web site, but glad that you're here with us. Keep telling your friends. We need all the help we can get.
24,000 volunteers! (June 22, 2015)
We welcomed our 24,000th volunteer to the project searching for the Optimal Golomb Ruler with 28 marks today. In our other active project, RC5-72, we also welcomed our 100,000th volunteer this week!
80 million stubs completed! (June 16, 2015)
With the help of more than 23,500 volunteers so far, we have completed more than 80 million OGR-28 stubs. We are grateful for all of your contributions. Moo!
40 Billion RC5-72 blocks completed! (June 6, 2015)
Today we completed our 40 billionth RC5-72 block. This is a colossal effort, having taken over 12 years so far. Over 98,000 people have helped us along the way. Today's graphics cards can chew through the work in a way that we couldn't imagine when the project started in 2002. We still have much to do; we haven't even completed 4% of the key space. The good news is.. we could find the key tomorrow! Moo!
23,000 volunteers! (May 31, 2015)
Today we welcomed our 23,000th volunteer to the project searching for the Optimal Golomb Ruler with 28 marks. Together, we have completed more than 15 billion Gnodes. In our other active project, RC5-72, we are closing in on completion of our 40 billionth packet. Keep telling your friends! Moo!
7% of OGR-28 completed (May 15, 2015)
Today we passed the 7% mark for OGR-28 completion. We also welcomed our 22,000th volunteer this week. We are grateful for all of your contributions. Moo!
70 million stubs completed! (May 11, 2015)
We have completed more than 70 million OGR-28 stubs with the help of over 22,000 volunteers so far! We are happy to be included in the SETI-Germany BOINC team's annual Pentathlon competition as we approach the 7% mark for OGR-28 completion. We are grateful for all of your contributions. Moo!
20,000 volunteers! (April 25, 2015)
We welcomed our 20,000th volunteer to the OGR-28 project today. We are grateful for all of your contributions. Keep telling your friends! Moo!
6% of OGR-28 completed (April 17, 2015)
Today we passed the 6% mark for OGR-28 completion. We also welcomed our 19,000th volunteer this week. We are grateful for all of your contributions. Moo!
Another double milestone day! (April 6, 2015)
We completed our 60 millionth stub today! Separately, we welcomed our 18,000th volunteer.. more than double the number of volunteers since November last year. Thank you for all of your help so far. Keep telling your friends; there is still a lot of work for us to do!
400 days of OGR-28 (March 26, 2015)
Today we mark 400 days of working on OGR-28. More than 17,000 of us have joined together on our quest to find the most optimal Golomb ruler with 28 marks. So far, we have tested more than 13 billion Gnodes and completed more than 5.5% of all the packets necessary. There is still a long way to go, with 990 million packets outstanding.
We offer our congratulations to the Snapshot Supernova project over at the Zooniverse who have discovered four supernovae in little over a week. This is an incredible achievement, as 40,000 volunteers classified 1.9 million images. Moo!
50 million stubs completed! (March 15, 2015)
Today, we completed our 50 millionth stub! We have completed more than 5.3% of all of the work necessary to prove OGR-28. More than 16,000 people have joined us in our quest. Moo!
A year of OGR-28 (February 19, 2015)
Today we mark the first birthday of our OGR-28 project. We are approaching the 5% completion mark. We need your help. Join us!
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Special thanks
distributed.net would like to thank Internet Systems Consortium and DreamHost for their donations of secure collocation space, bandwidth, or virtual private servers. We are pleased that these organizations support our endeavors and continue helping us provide a high level of service for our members.
Other Neat Things
Here are a few other neat places to visit:
- Check out our line of distributed.net merchandise including shirts, mugs, mousepads, and more!
- Beautify your workspace with a desktop picture of our logo.
- Do you have a webpage? You can help advertise distributed.net by putting a banner on your pages!
Further Information
If you want to learn more about our project, first stop by our Press Room to read the announcements of our past victories; then browse the following.
- Read our How To Help.
- Check out our documentation section.
- We have some Mailing lists you can join.
- There are always people online on our IRC channel #distributed on the freenode IRC network irc.freenode.net.


text:
Anonymous Launches White House Petition Saying DDoS Should Be Recognized As A Valid Form Of Protest
from the if-you-have-to-ask-what-a-valid-form-of-protest-is... deptA few years back, we had an interesting discussion over whether or not distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) could be seen as a valid form of protest -- the modern equivalent of a "sit-in." There are significant similarities between a DDoS and a sit-in. And, we've seen at least one lawyer make the claim that his client was exercising his First Amendment rights when DDoSing a local city government. Law enforcement, of course, wants to take it to the other extreme, seeing DDoS attacks as being a form of hacking, or even a type of terrorist attack.
Slashdot points out that some members of Anonymous have set up a We the People petition on the White House's website, asking the government to recognize DDoS as a valid form of protest.
With the advance in internet techonology, comes new grounds for protesting. Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), is not any form of hacking in any way. It is the equivalent of repeatedly hitting the refresh button on a webpage. It is, in that way, no different than any "occupy" protest. Instead of a group of people standing outside a building to occupy the area, they are having their computer occupy a website to slow (or deny) service of that particular website for a short time.(Random aside before I get into the larger discussion: you would think that people posting a petition to the White House would spend at least a little more time proofreading what they write, or getting more input before posting it. While the intent is clear, the typos and grammatical structure of the petition is atrocious.)
It seems unlikely that this petition will get the necessary 25,000 votes. Or that the White House will even care if it does. The problem, as always, is that much of this depends on where you sit as well as your knowledge of technology. You can make a reasonable argument for why a DDoS is just the modern equivalent of a sit-in. But you can also make a reasonable argument for why a DDoS is like hacking a site.
But here's the larger point: When you have to petition the government to get them to tell you what form of protest is "okay," you've probably already lost the battle. And that's part of the larger problem here. It seems clear to me that many of the DDoS attacks done by Anonymous are, quite clearly, done for the purpose of expression. They are trying to make a statement, and it sometimes works (though, it frequently backfires). I'm sympathetic to the claim that it's the modern equivalent of a sit-in, and find it troubling that the government is arguing it's something much, much worse. At the same time, I often think Anonymous' rush to DDoS undermines its larger efforts at times, and simply reinforces in the minds of some that Anonymous is made up of bratty, destructive kids. But, having to ask the government to say your form of expression is legitimate expression suggests that the government has already won.
Filed Under: anonymous, ddos, protest, white house


text:
Applicable to:
- Plesk for Linux
- Plesk for Windows
How to secure a Plesk hostname on port 8443 with an SSL certificate (Let's Encrypt / other certificate authorities)?
In Plesk, go to Extensions and search for Let's Encrypt.
Click on Let's Encrypt and then click Get it free (or Install).
Once installed, go to Tools & Settings > SSL/TLS Certificates (under Security).
Click Let's Encrypt.
Make sure the Domain name and Email address fields contain a valid information:
Domain name can be a server hostname (preferable) or any other (sub)domain name hosted on the server. It will be used as an entry point to Plesk over port 8443 (for example, https://server.example.com:8443 ) for all Plesk users (customers, resellers, etc.) who have access to Plesk.
Note: The hostname/domain name must be resolved to a public IP address of the Plesk server from the Internet. If in doubt, check your hostname/domain name availability using DNS Lookup by MxToolBox.
If a domain, e.g. example.com, is using permanent www redirection, specify www.example.com as Domain name.
Email address will be used to receive important notifications and warnings.
Click Install. At this stage, an SSL certificate from Let's Encrypt is generated and set to secure Plesk on port 8443. This certificate will be auto-renewed every 90 days. Here is the final look:
Now, access Plesk over https://server.example.com:8443.
Known issues
In Plesk, go to Tools & Settings and click SSL/TLS Certificates.
On the SSL/TLS Certificates page, add your certificate:
Note: If you are experiencing issues with a certificate installation, contact your certificate seller and ask for instruction for Plesk.
If an SSL certificate is stored in a single
Click Browse... to select a certificate file. Then click Upload Certificate.
If an SSL certificate is stored in the form of
Click Add under List of certificates in server pool and scroll down to the Upload the certificate files section and upload these files. If both the certificate and the private key parts of your certificate are contained in a
*.pemfile (you can check it by opening the
*.pemfile in any text editor), just upload it twice, both as the private key and the certificate. Click Upload Certificate once finished.
If an SSL certificate is stored as a text:
Click Add under List of certificates in server pool and scroll down to the Upload the certificate as text section. There, paste the certificate and the private key parts into the corresponding fields. Click Upload Certificate when you have finished.
Click [Change] next to Certificate for securing Plesk > select an uploaded certificate > click OK. Now Plesk interface is secured with an SSL certificate.
Additional Information
Plesk Onyx 17.8 secures its hostname with a free Let's Encrypt certificate automatically, if the Let's Encrypt extension is installed and the hostname is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) and is resolved from the Internet.