text:
- 1 Overview
- 2 Supported Vehicles
- 3 Architecture
- 4 Physical Integrations
Comma AI currently has no official support for Volkswagen brands, but a community port is available, with plans to upstream for official support in the near future. The community port is designed to support any Volkswagen MQB vehicle with ACC radar. Check the Vehicle Support section for details and caveats.
User Experience
Lateral Control
Lateral is provided by openpilot. All MQB vehicles tested to-date support steering down to 0mph. For vehicles with factory lane assist, it will be ignored when Panda is installed and filtering CAN traffic. The Lane Assist enable/disable checkbox in the instrument cluster or infotainment unit will still be present, but will not do anything.
Available steering torque is adequate for most highway driving conditions. All MQB models support the exact same amount of commanded torque, but the different steering rack and suspension geometry between models can result in different effective performance. For example, the Volkswagen Atlas with its high-static ratio steering has been tested to handle curves somewhat better than the Golf GTI or Golf R which have tighter-variable ratio steering suited to higher performance driving.
Longitudinal Control
Longitudinal control remains with stock ACC, although OP takes control of the engagement process for additional safety and feature needs. The minimum ACC setpoint is 20mph/30kph. Exact behavior depends on whether the vehicle has "ACC High" or "ACC Low" from the factory.
- Stock ACC High: These vehicles support follow-to-stop and automatic resume if the stop is less than three seconds, from the factory. OP can improve on that by resuming on behalf of the driver after longer delays. "ACC high" requires an electronic parking brake, and does make use of it under certain conditions. If the vehicle in question has an EPB, chances are good it supports "ACC high".
- Stock ACC Low: These vehicles generally support follow-to-stop (XXX review this: may be near-stop only) but will require the driver take over and hold the brake after a very short delay. Resume from stop is moot as "ACC low" vehicles will not hold themselves at a stop. Any vehicles with a manual parking brake, either foot or hand operated, will fall into this category.
Getting Started
Before You Start
Make sure your car is on the supported list, see below. If it's not, or you're in doubt, contact us on Discord in #volkswagen with questions.
What You Need
- An EON DevKit to run openpilot. Highly recommended. No, you can't run this on a random smartphone, or a Raspberry Pi, or anything else. Yes, it's possible to make your own (a "frEON") but it's not nearly as simple as you might think. You need extremely specific phone hardware and additional parts, access to a 3D printer, and soldering skills. The vision model is extremely tightly coupled to hardware only found in two specific phone models. It's been discussed to death in the community, and further detail is outside the scope of the Volkswagen Wiki and channel.
- A White Panda interface to connect EON to your car. It's cheap and will do what you need. Grey and Black Panda have a high-precision GPS which will be useful for future map-based features, so they're desirable if you're willing to spend more. However, Black Panda (the Car Harness) doesn't yet have a Volkswagen wiring adapter. Grey Panda works fine if you can get one, but it's been discontinued in favor of Black Panda.
- A wiring harness to connect Panda to your car. Comma do not sell one at this time. You can make one yourself from the wiring diagram below, or purchase a community-made harness from @jyoung8607 on Discord.
- @jyoung8607 personal comment: FYI I am not a Comma employee and do not represent Comma. I make these in my spare time for the community. I generally fabricate and ship them in less than a week after I receive payment, but that may vary. Contact me via DM on Comma's discord with questions or when you're ready to order.
Supported Vehicles
Fully Tested and Supported
These vehicles are confirmed supported by the community Volkswagen port, because they have been tested on at least one representative car in the wild.
The vehicle must have ACC (radar-based cruise control). For vehicles without factory Lane Assist, a diagnostic tool will be needed to make minor coding changes to the steering rack in order for OP to steer, and coding changes to the instrument cluster will be needed to receive feedback and status information.
- 2012-2019 Mk3 Audi A3 (tested variants only) [Wiki]
- 2013-current Mk3 Škoda Octavia [Wiki]
- 2018-2019 Mk1 Volkswagen Atlas (Teramont in some markets) [Wiki]
- 2012-2019 Mk7 and Mk7.5 Volkswagen Golf (tested variants only) [Wiki]
- Please note the MY changeover from Mk6 to Mk7 varied by market, USA did not get Golf 7 until MY 2014!
- e-Golf (appears to support ACC High features even though factory build data shows ACC Low!)
- Golf
- Golf GTI
- Golf R
- 2015-current B8 Volkswagen Passat [Wiki]
- This is NOT the Passat currently available in North America, which is based on the currently unsupported NMS platform
Supportable but Untested
These vehicle-classes should work fine with openpilot, to the best of our information, but have not yet been tested. Minor tweaks or other support may be needed. Be cautious if making an openpilot or vehicle purchase decision based on this information. If in doubt, ask on Discord.
- All MQB vehicles not listed above, with ACC radar
- 2018-current Mk2 Audi A1 (listed as MQB-A0, but confirmed to have factory ACC and LKAS options) [Wiki]
- 2012-current Mk3 Audi A3 variants not explicitly tested so far [Wiki]
- Audi S3
- Audi RS3
- 2014-current Mk3 Audi TT [Wiki]
- 2017-current Mk1 Audi Q2 [Wiki]
- 2018-current Mk2 Audi Q3 [Wiki]
- 2016-current Mk1 SEAT Ateca [Wiki]
- 2012-current Mk3 SEAT León [Wiki]
- 2019-current Mk1 SEAT Tarraco [Wiki]
- 2019-current Mk1 Škoda Kamiq [Wiki]
- 2017-current Mk1 Škoda Karoq [Wiki]
- 2017-current Mk1 Škoda Kodiaq [Wiki]
- 2019-current Mk1 Škoda Scala [Wiki]
- 2015-current B8 Škoda Superb [Wiki]
- 2018-current Mk1 Volkswagen Arteon [Wiki]
- 2018-current Mk4 Volkswagen Bora [Wiki]
- 2013-2019 Volkswagen Golf variants not explicitly tested so far (Mk7 and Mk7.5) [Wiki]
- Golf Alltrack
- Golf GTD
- Golf GTE
- Golf GTI TCR
- Golf Sportsvan / SV
- Golf SportWagen
- 2019-current Volkswagen Jetta (except GLI) and Sagitar (Mk7) [Wiki]
- The GLI variant is architecturally compatible, but factory ACC appears unavailable (thanks for nothing VW)
- 2015-current Mk1 Volkswagen Lamando [Wiki]
- Made in China, limited info available, unable to fully verify
- 2018-current Mk3 Volkswagen Lavida [Wiki]
- Made in China, limited info available, unable to fully verify
- 2018-current Mk6 Volkswagen Polo [Wiki]
- 2019-current Mk1 Volkswagen T-Cross [Wiki]
- 2018-current Mk1 Volkswagen Tayron [Wiki]
- Made in China, limited info available, unable to fully verify
- 2016-current Mk2 Volkswagen Tiguan [Wiki]
- In North America, all 2016-2017 Tiguans and the 2018 Tiguan "Limited" are unsupported PQ46 Mk1; all other 2018 and all 2019-forward are MQB Mk2
- 2018-current Mk1 Volkswagen Tharu / Tarek [Wiki]
- Made in China, limited info available, unable to fully verify
- 2015-current Mk2 Volkswagen Touran [Wiki]
Long Term Roadmap
We think these vehicles can be supported at some point, but they are not supported just yet. Code changes will be required. There are no firm dates for any of these items. If you have a vehicle in this section and are interested in testing with openpilot, please ask on Discord before proceeding.
- Support has been tested for vehicles without a DSG/auto transmission, but owners should contact us on Discord for the moment as the changes have not yet been integrated into the main codebase. This includes manual transmission vehicles and the e-Golf.
- Vision-only longitudinal control using visiond to drive known ACC messaging, for vehicles without radar
- Radar data fusion might be possible later, if radar points are available on the sensor fusion bus, but this is not yet known
- All PQ35/PQ46/NMS vehicles. We hope and plan to provide some level of support in the long-term future, but have nothing to announce just yet. Vehicles in this set may or may not be supportable. Most if not all should have electric power steering racks, but they may or may not have configurable support for Lane Assist commands. Some of these may not have ACC available or be compatible with retrofits. Do not purchase a vehicle based solely on this list.
- PQ35: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_A_platform#A5_(PQ35)
- PQ46, including New Midsize Sedan (NMS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_B_platform#PQ46_(A6)
- All MLB and MLBevo vehicles (requires FlexRay support, VERY long term future)
- 2018-current Volkswagen Touareg
- All modern Audi not listed as MQB: A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, R8, Q5, Q7, Q8, e-Tron SUV and all variants thereof
- All future MEB (new electric mass-market platform) vehicles, big question marks here until we see one, but we have cautious optimism.
These vehicles either don't have electric power steering, or we don't have a known control channel, or there is no factory option or ability to retrofit the necessary ACC and steering components. Support could be reexamined if new information comes to light, but at this time we have no plans to investigate further.
- Volkswagen Touareg prior to 2018 (hydraulic power steering, lane departure warning only via steering wheel haptic)
- Volkswagen Phaeton (hydraulic power steering, lane departure warning only via steering wheel haptic)
- MQB-A0 supermini and city cars without factory options for ACC or LKAS. However, the MQB-A0 Audi A1 and VW Polo have optional ACC and LKAS, so other MQB-A0 vehicles may have some hope for retrofits.
- NSF (New Small Family) supermini models without factory options for ACC or LKAS.
Vehicle Hardware
The radar and camera are standard Bosch hardware running software customized for VW MQB. The forward radar can be any of three: Bosch LRR3 (very old and uncommon), Bosch MRR1plus (older and common), or Bosch MRREvo14F (newer and common). The camera is Bosch's MPC1(?) monocular multipurpose camera.
Steering rack imposed limits for Heading Control Assist:
- Cannot steer at a standstill, but appears to work at any nonzero speed
- HCA goes to not ready and HCA torque is ignored if this is violated; recoverable without a restart
- Commanded torque limit: 3.0 newton-meters
- HCA goes to not ready and HCA torque is ignored if this is violated
- Rate of change: 5.0 nm/seconds
- Found in certain documentation, but not observed in real world, at least not as a steering-disabling fault
- Continuous time limit for HCA to be engaged: 180 seconds
- Documented at 300 seconds in some places, 180 in others, 180 observed in real world testing
- HCA goes to not ready and HCA torque is ignored if this is violated; recoverable without a restart
- Working around this by disabling steering for one frame for every zero crossing
- Same/stuck torque input detection: 6 seconds
- Not documented anywhere, but observed in real world testing
- HCA goes to not ready and HCA torque is ignored if this is violated; recoverable without a restart
- Working around this by introducing slight noise, 0.01nm reduction in torque for one frame 1x/second
Controller Area Network (CAN)
XXX TBD J533 concept
Critical Messages and Flows
XXX TBD detail around certain select messages read or sent by OP
- Getribe_11
Official Documentation
Volkswagen technical info can be found here: https://erwin.vw.com/erwin/showHome.do.
Physical Integrations
Integration at J533 Gateway
J533 gateway pinout:
T20/1 -- POWER -- gr/ro terminal 30 power from 5a fuse SC5 T20/2 -- passthru -- rt/vi terminal 30 power from 18a fuse SB18 (optional, w/o start/stop) T20/3 -- passthru -- vi/ws LIN bus to BEM T20/4 -- -- unused T20/5 -- passthru -- or/br Comfort CAN Low T20/6 -- passthru -- or/br Powertrain CAN Low T20/7 -- PANDA 1/3 -- or/br Extended CAN Low T20/8 -- passthru -- or/br Suspension CAN Low T20/9 -- passthru -- or/br Diagnostic CAN Low / T16/14 on DLC T20/10 -- passthru -- or/br Infotainment CAN Low T20/11 -- GROUND -- br Ground T20/12 -- passthru -- br Ground T20/13 -- passthru -- vi/bl LIN bus to steering column electronics T20/14 -- IGNITION -- sw/vi terminal 15 power from PC3/A192 T20/15 -- passthru -- or/gn Comfort CAN High T20/16 -- passthru -- or/sw Powertrain CAN High T20/17 -- PANDA 1/3 -- or/gr Extended CAN High T20/18 -- passthru -- or/bl Suspension CAN High T20/19 -- passthru -- or/rt Diagnostic CAN High / T16/6 on DLC T20/20 -- passthru -- or/vi Infotainment CAN High
Gray or White Panda pinout:
Panda 1 -- unused Panda 2 -- unused Panda 3 -- unused Panda 4 -- GROUND Panda 5 -- unused Panda 6 -- CAN1 Hi, toward gateway Panda 7 -- unused Panda 8 -- IGNITION Panda 9 -- unused Panda 10 -- unused Panda 11 -- unused Panda 12 -- CAN3 Hi, toward extended CAN, WITH termination resistor Panda 13 -- CAN3 Lo, toward extended CAN, WITH termination resistor Panda 14 -- CAN1 Lo, toward gateway Panda 15 -- unused Panda 16 -- POWER
XXX wiring diagram from @tmatheso
Integration at R242 Camera
Car Harness/Black Panda doesn't have an official harness connector in the Comma store yet, but it can be ordered with a development harness, and built by hand using the information below.
Parts and Tools
Retailer links are provided for example and convenience only, not as a referral or endorsement.
- Connector Housings
- Female connector housing 4F0-972-112, orderable from any VW group dealer parts department, or online: 1stVWParts ECS Tuning
- Male connector housing 8Z0-972-112, orderable from any VW group dealer parts department, or online: 1stVWParts ECS Tuning
- Terminals
- AMP/TE female terminals 928999-1, orderable from Mouser in cut strips of 100: 571-928999-1-CT
- AMP/TE male terminals 1-928918-1, orderable from Mouser in cut strips of 100: 571-1-928918-1-CT
- Miscellaneous
- Terminal crimping tool: Amazon Glarks SN-28B
- For moving the CAN termination loop and fixing mistakes, either a real terminal release tool kit, or a pick and hook set in a pinch: Amazon B008Z67WV6
- Highly recommended! TESA fabric wiring tape: Amazon B-51608-00003-00
Additional detail about the development harness: https://github.com/commaai/neo/blob/master/car_harness/open_pinout.sch.pdf
CAN termination has to be physically configured. The dev harness will ship with a single resistance config loopback pre-installed between P3/P5, which configures it for 120 ohm termination on both CAN0 and CAN2. Volkswagen MQB should be configured for no extra termination on CAN0 and 60 ohm on CAN2. Do this by de-pinning the loopback between P3/P5 and reinstalling it between P23/P25.
Suggested work order:
- De-pin and discard Dev Harness wires not used in this application
- Pass-through 3 (yellow) - not needed
- Pass-through 4 (purple) - not needed
- 12V in (red) - power will come from Comma Power
- De-pin the CAN termination selector loop and relocate it as described above
- Make all the pin and connector terminations described below
|Factory Wiring Diagram for "T12ar" Connector
|mm2 Dia
|Radar-camera sensor fusion, CAN low
|Extended CAN, low
|Z113 heater/defogger pin 1, supply
|R242 camera ground
|12V from fuse SC32, ignition switched
|Radar-camera sensor fusion, CAN high
|Extended CAN High
|Z113 heater/defogger pin 2, ground
|Mapping "T12ar" pins to the Dev Harness, Per-Side
|DH Color
|BP CAN 1, sensor fusion CAN low
|BP CAN 0/2, extended CAN low
|Pass-through 2, camera heater supply
|Ignition switched power
|BP CAN 1, sensor fusion CAN high
|BP CAN 0/2, extended CAN high
|Pass-through 1, camera heater ground


text:
We've seen the serious side to people bitching about one man's thoughts on a video game, now see the movie based on the terrifying, dramatic events of an Uncharted 3 review.
As someone who's reviewed games once or twice myself, I can say the greatness here isn't the pressure exerted on the protagonist. That's a fiction that'll give this story a little more kick.
No, it's the backlash. Which is not fiction. It is presented so honestly Mega64 could have cut it out and called it a documentary and I'd have believed them.
THINK TWICE ABOUT REVIEWING UNCHARTED 3!! "MODERN GAME JOURNALISM: THE MOVIE" PREMIERES [Mega64]
You can contact Luke Plunkett, the author of this post, at email@example.com. You can also find him on Twitter, Facebook, and lurking around our #tips page.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As the snow began falling on Saturday, I said to my wife "what do you want to bet that someone will cook up an explanation that all this is caused by global warming"? It was a joke: but when I looked at that morning's Independent newspaper, there it was already, under the headline "Science behind the big freeze: is climate change bringing the Arctic to Europe?"
The bitterly cold weather sweeping Britain and the rest of Europe has been linked by scientists with the ice-free seas of the Arctic, where global warming is exerting its greatest influence.
A dramatic loss of sea ice covering the Barents and Kara Seas above northern Russia could explain why a chill Arctic wind has engulfed much of Europe and killed 221 people over the past week…
A growing number of experts believe complex wind patterns are being changed because melting Arctic sea ice has exposed huge swaths of normally frozen ocean to the atmosphere above.
The piece mentions the names of one or two of this growing number of experts. I'm glad that at least the piece didn't say that this was a generally accepted consensus: for, the idea of an incontrovertible scientific consensus behind current ideas of anthropogenic global warming is itself coming under increasingly sceptical scrutiny from another "growing number of experts", as you will see from a very interesting article which appeared a week or so ago in the Wall Street Journal.
The article is signed by a large number of scientists, whose names I now flourish before you to prove that they exist:
Claude Allegre, former director of the Institute for the Study of the Earth, University of Paris; J. Scott Armstrong, cofounder of the Journal of Forecasting and the International Journal of Forecasting; Jan Breslow, head of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University; Roger Cohen, fellow, American Physical Society; Edward David, member, National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences; William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton; Michael Kelly, professor of technology, University of Cambridge, U.K.; William Kininmonth, former head of climate research at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Richard Lindzen, professor of atmospheric sciences, MIT; James McGrath, professor of chemistry, Virginia Technical University; Rodney Nichols, former president and CEO of the New York Academy of Sciences; Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer, designer of Voyager and SpaceShipOne; Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. senator; Nir Shaviv, professor of astrophysics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Henk Tennekes, former director, Royal Dutch Meteorological Service; Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists, Geneva.
The starting point of the article, headlined "No Need to Panic About Global Warming" (subheading, "There's no compelling scientific argument for drastic action to 'decarbonise' the world's economy") is the resignation from the American Physical Society of the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ivar Giaever, in a letter which begins: "I did not renew [my membership] because I cannot live with the [APS policy] statement: 'The evidence is incontrovertible: global warming is occurring. If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur. We must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases beginning now." Dr Giaever had asked simply for the word "incontrovertible" to be removed: the APS refused. He rejoined: "In the APS it is OK to discuss whether the mass of the proton changes over time and how a multi-universe behaves, but the evidence of global warming is incontrovertible?"
The fact is, as the WSJ article says (and as I have said in this column before) that large numbers of scientists don't accept this supposed consensus, and more and more of them are putting their heads above the parapet to say so. The reason is simple: that more and more "incontrovertible" facts are suggesting that the "consensus" has more to do with ideology than science: the most inconvenient truth, perhaps, is the fact that for more than a decade there has been no global warming to speak of, despite the fact that man-made CO2 continues to grow apace. The scientific establishment has no explanation of this, as emerged with wonderful irony in the so-called "Climategate" scandal in 2009, and particularly in an email from a climate scientist called Kevin Trenberth, who wrote baldly (and he thought secretly) that "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't."
The fact is that the whole anthropogenic warming theory is based not on observation but on computer models: in this case, it seems, computer models in which so-called "feedbacks" involving water vapour and clouds greatly amplify the small effect of CO2. It is, incidentally, interesting that none of the computer models which feed the theory, not one, predicted the present global warming pause: so why, one might ask, should one have any faith at all in their predictive powers about anything else?
Why, on a Catholic website, bother about this at all? Well, because we have been here before. Attacks on the Church over the Galileo affair have been going on for centuries, especially from the scientific community. Now, however, it is the scientific community which is recoiling from free scientific inquiry in the name of a supposedly "incontrovertible" belief based not on observation but on something else, which some have even called a "substitute religion". And truly, for many, an environmentalism which warns of a man-made doom approaching us all has indeed begun to take on distinctly quasi-religious overtones: and certainly, an environmentalism of this kind is not going to allow its basic assumptions to be challenged. Man needs religion: and if he won't have a true religion, he will tend willy-nilly to adopt a false one. As Cardinal Pell puts it "some of the more hysterical and extreme claims about global warming appear symptomatic of a pagan emptiness, of a Western fear when confronted by the immense and basically uncontrollable forces of nature… Perhaps they're looking for a cause that is almost a substitute for religion… In the past pagans sacrificed animals and even humans in vain attempts to placate capricious and cruel gods. Today they demand a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions."
The effects of these "extreme claims about global warming" have had a direct effect on our national life even to the extent of threatening our economy. Coincidentally, this could in fact be a moment when the government might do something about that. On Saturday, Chris Huhne, Energy and Climate Change Secretary, had to resign from the government. I can't, I have to say, see exactly why what he is charged with is such a heinous crime that it may well put an end to his political career, but I'm bound to say that I hope either that it has, or at least that he never gets anywhere near "climate change" policy ever again.
He has already, for instance, spent hundreds of millions on disfiguring the landscape with wind turbines, of which there are currently 3,000 onshore and several hundred offshore. They produce just one to two per cent of the nation's power. But there's potentially a lot more where they came from. In December, Huhne announced that in 20 years' time there were going to be altogether nearly another 30,000 of these useless things (which most of the time produce nothing at all), at a cost of heaven knows how many billions. Overall, he has steered the Government into making overall "climate change" commitments we almost certainly cannot afford. We may all, for other reasons, be returning to sanity: so now is the perfect time for the Government quietly to reverse all that.
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text:
Don't get me wrong, I love Pantone, but on this one they messed up. The lead color of the year is Tango Tangerine seen here. Still, one of the other colors of the year Sodalite Blue (not enough black and yellow in the blue) which comes close, but still not "the" color of the year.
Well FilliQuist is making an official statement-
Bergbana Blue is the color of the year, period.
FilliQuist Color of the 2012
Bergbana Blue
After seeing, and consequently, falling in love with this color on a tram in Sweden (seen here) Filliquist began to notice this shade of blue all over Sweden. While primarily in the outdoor equipment industry this blue is rapidly creeping into the US market.
Tangirine Tango may be on the A-listers but FilliQuist predicts the comfort and mellow tone of this color will ultimately be more popular. Examples below after the jump......


text:
NRA CEO calls assault weapon ban 'phony'
National Rifle Association CEO Wayne LaPierre on Sunday dismissed California Sen. Dianne Feinstein's push to renew the assault weapons ban, calling it "a phony piece of legislation."
The legislation "is all built on lies that have been found out" and won't pass, LaPierre said on NBC's "Meet the Press," before launching into an attack on the claims that the media and some politicians have made about guns.
"Everything these politicians are saying about that is not true," he said. "They say these guns are more powerful -- not true. That they make bigger holes - not true. They say they use larger bullets -- not true. That they're weapons of war -- not true....They say they're military guns like our soldiers use -- that's not true."


text:
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text: Read, write, and connect – all in one Perfect for expanding portable device functionalitySlim 15mm dock base adds USB 3.0, HDMI, VGA, Ethernet, and slot-loadingconvenienceSuper-Multi DVD 8X read/write combo driveHighly portable and stylish, connects to devices via easy USB Shop Modal header Simplify and consolidate accessory convenience with VariDrive, the one device that connects more possibilities with a single USB 3.0 cable and saves you the need to buy multiple peripherals. Instantly add optical media capabilities and extra ports to your notebook or ultrabook, as streamlined and compact VariDrive enhances your experiences in diverse situations. It's a convenient slot-loading external Super-Multi DVD combo drive that reads and writes data at high speeds, plus a dock base. The latter gives you extra HDMI, VGA, and Ethernet connectors, expanding your display and online possibilities. It also includes three USB 3.0 ports, offering significantly faster data transfer speeds. And it's all wrapped in a stylish spun-metal Zen-inspired design that looks great wherever you take it. Horizontal Positioning Ultimate technics Stand-able Positioning


text:
Trystrem Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'trystrem'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 2 records (displaying 1 to 2):
Try these...
tryppoke trypsaut trypyt tryrie trys trysall tryscet tryscolek tryse trysel tryser tryserren trysitt tryskebetter tryson tryssell tryst trystan trystour trystram trysumpel tryte trytel trytford trythal trythall trythounde trytlot trytt trytton trytyll tryuet tryver tryvet tryveth tryvethyk trywe tryweder tryweleye trywell
These sample scans are from the original record. You will get scans of the full pages or articles where the surname you searched for has been found.
Your web browser may prevent the sample windows from opening; in this case please change your browser settings to allow pop-up windows from this site.
Research your ancestry, family history, genealogy and one-name study by direct access to original records and archives indexed by surname.


text:
Download The Fly in the Ointment Study Guide
Extended Summary
"The Fly in the Ointment" is a short story by V. S. Pritchett. The story begins in the fall, November, when Harold arrives at his father's manufacturing building, the very day the business will close its doors for the final time.
Harold is quick to dismiss the cab driver some distance from the door:
Better not arrive in a taxi, he was thinking. The old man will wonder where I got the money.
Two things become immediately apparent: money is an issue, and Harold does not want to antagonize his father. These two elements set the mood for the remainder of the story. Harold is approximately thirty-five years old. He is not a young man, but he still hesitates to bring anything to his father's attention that will make things uncomfortable. Because Harold's concern is the spending of money (even his own money), it is clear that finances are an issue. The son believes he knows his father well enough to be careful, and decides to walk the rest of the way to the factory.
Harold's father is closing down the business after thirty years, having built his company from the ground up. Success was achieved for a short while, but then difficulties arose, including "rumour," "quarrels," and finally, bankruptcy. The son notes that his memories of family fights about money have suddenly disappeared. Instead of feeling uncomfortable, Harold is deeply saddened that things have come to this for his father, so he has traveled out to support him on the company's final day. The younger man feels a compulsion to help his dad if he can, even if only by showing his support.
Harold's father comes to the door and lets his son in. His father is friendly and solicitous, happy to see the younger man, "lowering his pleased, blue eyes for a second's modesty."
Both seem shy in the other's presence until the father pulls himself together and takes on an air of authority. As they look around the now-empty rooms, the son recalls his dad as a much younger man, speaking with an almost unrecognizable voice—one obviously reserved for customers. As they move to the office, both men have a similar stature, but whereas the father is wearing a fine suit and has the appearance of success, the son is
round-shouldered and shabby, a keen but anxious fellow in need of a hair-cut and going bald.
The older man ushers the younger man into the office, aware of how the room has changed:
"Come in, Professor," said the father. This was an old family joke. He despised his son, who was, in fact, not a professor but a poorly paid lecturer at a provincial university.
For a moment he seems "bewildered," but then he offers his son a cup of tea in the only cup available. Harold declines. While the elder drinks, he apologizes profusely for drinking in front of his boy. Then he makes casual conversation, asking about his daughter-in-law and grandchildren. Harold answers his questions and then shares his concern for the failing business, but the old man brushes it aside as if it is nothing. When his son says that his father is an optimist, his dad's manner of speaking changes:
his warm voice going dead and rancorous and his nostrils fidgeting. His eyes went hard, too.
All of a sudden, as Harold looks at the older man, it is like he is seeing him for the first time. Someone the son had never noticed before was speaking to him, as if his father had two faces. The outside face, perhaps the one his customers would see, was affable and engaging. However, the inside face was
a much smaller one, babyish, shrewd, scared and hard. Now this little face had gone greenish and pale. . . . The small, drained purplish lips . . . were speaking.
He is telling his son that being an optimist is the only thing that has kept him in the business. Without optimism, he notes, he would not be there, and the inference is that he would have taken his life long ago. He speaks of how hard building the business was, and of how many days he slept in the office. Suddenly he loses his aggressive demeanor and becomes soft. He hints at past...
(The entire section is 1,548 words.)


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Classic design, stylish photos
The EXILIM
Highlight features
More features
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16.1 megapixelsThe
26 mm wide-angle lens with 5x optical zoomThe combination of the 26 mm wide-angle* design and 5x optical zoom makes the
*equivalent to 35 mm film
HD video recordingYou can now film your videos in high-definition quality*! Using the HD Movie Function in the EXILIM
*Max. recording duration of 29 minutes/video
6.9-cm (2.7-inch) TFT colour displayThe large 6.9 cm (2.7 inch) TFT colour display completes the design of the
Face detection functionWhether you're on holiday, at a party or spending time with your family - people are particularly popular subjects for a photo. It's always a pity when faces turn out blurred on a picture. The Face Detection function now offers the perfect solution, recognizing the individual faces or even entire groups, and automatically applying the best possible setting.
Self Portrait Auto ShutterTotally practical: the Self Portrait Auto Shutter function enables the camera to recognise faces. Once the release button is pressed, the camera prepares to take the photo and automatically does so once the faces of the subjects are located within the frame.
Make-up ModeThe EXILIM
BEST SHOT programmesYou don't need to be an expert to create great photos: To ensure that all your photos and movies are a success from the start, the
Overview of all BEST SHOT programmes
Memory card slotThe


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SOL 2004: Better educated or S*** outta luck?
Last fall, Charlottesville High surveyed its juniors and found that 70 percent were in good shape for the Standards of Learning tests they'll need to pass to graduate in 2004. Does that mean that 30 percent might not get their diplomas?
Local educators say no, that prospects are good for the first class that must pass SOL tests. But pass rates have been a problem in other states.
In Nevada, 12 percent of the Class of 2003 didn't get diplomas because they couldn't pass the math portion of the state test required for graduation. In Florida, nearly 13,000 students didn't graduate because they couldn't pass that state's exam.
A survey recently cited in the Washington Post found that a majority of Americans believe state standards and exams are a good idea– until it's their senior who doesn't graduate. Across the country, the large number of students who didn't pass state standards is becoming a public relations nightmare.
Could the same thing happen in Virginia in 2004, when 12th graders have to pass the state's Standards of Learning tests to graduate?
State and local officials say no. Nonetheless, in early June, to avoid a similar PR fiasco, Governor Mark Warner earmarked $400,000 in federal funds to kick off a crash course to help those at risk.
"I don't believe there's a statewide crisis," says former State Education Board chair Kirk Schroder. "I do believe there are pockets in the state where kids have traditionally been at risk."
Both Charlottesville and Albemarle educators admit some worry about how the 1,000 members of the Class of 2004 will perform.
"I can tell you that it's front and center in our minds," says Kevin Hughes, who's charged with school improvement in Albemarle County. "We are very much shooting for every kid to walk across the stage and get their diploma. It's not business as usual. We're working to get students the help they need to pass the courses and pass the tests."
The rising seniors took SOL exams in the spring. All of the results aren't in, but Albemarle County does know that 91 percent passed the writing test, up 7.2 points from the 2002 tests, according to Hughes. The remaining 9 percent who didn't pass can retake the exam as many times as they need to.
And Hughes expects to see a bump in passing scores for reading, too, because in 2002 students weren't taking the tests to graduate. "When you add that kind of stake, the pass rate improves," he points out.
Hughes sees little danger that there will be students who pass their course work but can't pass the SOL tests. "The state board has developed safeguards," he says. "If a student can demonstrate mastery of information, that can be presented as evidence to a locally established committee."
At Charlottesville High School, after identifying the 30 percent of students who could have a problem passing the mandatory exams, intense individual guidance began, says dean of students Therese Titus. "We've been doing a lot of pulling up and plugging away at what they need," she says. "It will not be 30 percent who don't pass."
Before the SOL tests bocame mandatory, about nine percent of seniors in Virginia don't graduate for one reason or another. At CHS, less than five percent don't graduate, says Titus.
The first class of Virginia seniors who must pass SOL tests to graduate have to pass six tests of which the reading and writing tests are mandatory. But for the other four tests, students aren't limited to the traditional math, social studies, or science, which will become mandatory in 2007.
There are almost 200 options, according to Schroder. For example, technically oriented students may use the certifications for satellite dish installer or gas furnace service technicians as part of their SOL test credits.
"The child who will not graduate in 2004 is a student who either can't pass an 11th grade reading or writing test, or who cannot pick up the vocational and technical skills needed for employment," says Schroder, who worked on implementation of SOLs while he was on the state board from 1998 to 2002.
"I don't think we're doing a child a service by expecting anything less," he adds.
E.D. Hirsch, author of Cultural Literacy and founder of the Core Knowledge Foundation, still believes Standards of Learning and its exams are a good idea.
"If you think what the aim of education is– to be a citizen and earn a living, that's where the literacy comes in," he says. "If people are ruling themselves, they need to read. That's fundamental to democracy."
Literacy plays an important economic factor, too. "It gives people a reasonably equal chance that schooling doesn't depend on who your parents are," says Hirsch. "If you think about those aims, SOLs are absolutely critical."


text: Costello, Roots a winning collaboration Malta Independent Wednesday, 2 October 2013, 15:13 Last update: about 7 years ago Elvis Costello and the Roots, "Wise Up Ghost" (Blue Note) Enough with Velvet Elvis. This year's model of Elvis Costello features a collaboration with the Roots that inspires his angriest singing and best album in many years. "Wise Up Ghost" covers topical turf as Costello rails about the tense and troubled times. The title cut calls for a revolution, "Come the MEANTIMES" offers dark ruminations on faith and the flag, and "TRIPWIRE" considers the combustible combination of fear, hatred and armies. Costello also lets loose on love gone wrong, as he has done on many of his best songs. "She's pulling out the pin ... that lets her hair fall down," he sings on "(She Might Be a) GRENADE." Writing with Roots drummer Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson and producer Steven Mandel, Costello dials back his melodic ambitions, and for a change he sings songs that don't exceed his range. Built more on riffs than hooks, the music has the verve of new wave, the directness of punk and the groove of 1970s R&B, with Questlove's snare and Costello samples among the hip-hop flavorings. The hybrid gets good mileage, and Costello's venomous vocals energize much of the set. But on the closing piano ballad, "If I Could BELIEVE," he oversings and reverts to his worst role — EC, square.


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Soft touch silicone plastic loop carry handle available to attach to MG0233/MG0333/MG0334/MG0335 bottles. Plain stock only.
Foldable PP transparent plastic water bottle (420ml) with a carabiner belt clip. White (02) and silver (32) are not transparent.
The perfect summer pick me up a refreshing, unfragranced face spritzer in a clear PVC bottle with white finger spray.
Single-wall sport bottle. Features a spill-proof lid with push-pull spout. Volume capacity is 500 ml. Mix and match colours to create your perfect bottle. Made in the UK.
400ml single walled mixed plastic (PA, PE and PET) plastic reusable roll up bottle with matching coloured carabiner. BPA & PVC free. Available in 10 colours.
400ml metallic single walled mixed plastic (PA, PE and PET) and aluminium reusable roll up sports bottle with matching coloured carabiner. BPA & PVC free. Available in 7 colours.
Foldable and leak-proof transparent PVC water bottle (450ml) shaped like a shirt. With snap hook.
A sturdy sports bottle in a compact size. Push pull and flip and clip caps available. UK manufactured.
100% recyclable plastic (HDPE) drinking bottle (500ml) with drinking nozzle that is easy to close by pressing. With 4 grooves for extra grip. HDPE is perfectly suitable for recycling after the bottle has served its purpose for a longer period of time
The perfect bottle for kids at school, going on a trip or off on an adventure! BPA free with leak resistant lid, the bottle collapses flat when empty so it can be easily stored when no longer in use. It comes with a handy carabiner style clip so it can be conveniently attached to bags or rucksacks when on the go.
PET foldable water bottle (500 ml) in the shape of a football. The bottle has a carabiner hook and drinking spout with cap.
Patented valve, push pull and flip and clip caps available. 750ml size available at extra charge. UK manufactured.
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Connecticut group weighing medical marijuana business alliance
HARTFORD -- Advocates of Connecticut's new medical marijuana law are considering whether to start a business alliance for entrepreneurs and others interested in getting involved in the initiative.
An organizational meeting of the proposed Connecticut Medical Cannabis Business Alliance is scheduled Tuesday morning at the Legislative Office Building in Hartford.
Erik Williams, executive director of Connecticut NORML, which pushed for legalizing medical marijuana in the state, is leading the meeting. Williams wants to gauge whether there's interest in starting a business alliance that would be modeled after a similar group in Colorado.
The state Department of Consumer Protection has until July 1 to submit proposed regulations to the General Assembly about how the drug will be dispensed and other details. The program is expected to be up and running by late 2013.


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Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy for Weight Loss in Country Club Hills, IL
For many years, physicians and researchers struggled to connect the dots between hormones and their role in weight loss. Women have long known that food cravings and sluggish metabolisms were very real problems, making it hard to lose weight, but convincing the medical world of their link to weight was difficult. Recent studies have linked hormones and weight gain, indicating that hormonal treatment for weight loss is a viable option.
Find out more about hormones and weight loss by calling (708) 435-2381 or contact Rita N. Oganwu MD, SC online.
Hormonal Weight Gain
Most men and women won't realize their hormones are out of balance, but correcting problems within this system can help you lose weight. Hormones are chemical messengers in the body that are responsible for a long list of body functions, including growth, sexual function, metabolism, and weight.
To identify a hormonal imbalance, a provider can use several different tests including:
- Saliva test
- Blood test
- Urine test
Hormone level tests can indicate if your weight gain or inability to lose weight is hormonal. When a hormonal imbalance is present, it can lead to weight gain. In men, a lack of testosterone can cause these issues, while for women the problem may stem from estrogen imbalance. Thankfully, these hormonal imbalances and deficiencies can be treated.
Bioidentical Hormone Therapy for Weight Loss
When weight gain is caused by a hormonal imbalance, the most common treatment is to correct that imbalance. This is done by replacing or balancing the hormones with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). One form of HRT is bioidentical hormone replacement therapy , or BHRT, which utilizes hormones that are molecularly identical to what your body creates naturally.
Hormonal treatment for weight loss will vary, depending on the individual receiving the treatment. For men, testosterone replacement therapy for weight loss may be the primary option. For women, estrogen replacement therapy for weight loss may be a better choice.
Bioidentical hormones and weight loss have been linked. The right BHRT treatment plan can lead to:
- Weight loss
- Decreased fat
- Increased lean muscle
In addition to BHRT, other hormonal weight loss treatments exist such as human growth hormone for weight loss and the hCG diet. Not all providers offer or recommend each of these options.
Request Treatment Information Today
As with all weight loss treatments, hormones and weight loss work best when combined with healthy diet and exercise. Learn if hormonal treatment for weight loss is the right option for you today: Call (708) 435-2381 or contact Rita N. Oganwu MD, SC online.
Rita N. Oganwu MD, SC
Address20303 S Crawford Ave
Ste 110
Olympia Fields, IL 60461
(708) 435-2381
2:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Tue: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Closed 12:00-2:00pm for Lunch
Wed: 9:00 am - 1:00 pm
Office closed to patients, calls only
Thu: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Closed 12:00-2:00pm for Lunch
Fri: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Closed 12:00-2:00pm for Lunch
Areas We Service:Chicago, IL, Chicago Heights, IL, Cicero, IL, Country Club Hills, IL, Des Plaines, IL, Evanston, IL, Harvey, IL, Lansing, IL, Oak Park, IL, Orland Park, IL, Park Forest, IL, Skokie, IL, Tinley Park, IL, Elmhurst, IL, Naperville, IL, Wheaton, IL, Bolingbrook, IL, Frankfort, IL, Joliet, IL
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204 South Vasconcellos Avenue
Manteca, CA 95336
Used 2016 Jayco Jay Flight 28BHBE
Rear double bunks and a single slide, plus two entry doors is what you will find inside the 28BHBE Jay Flight travel trailer by Jayco.
Stepping inside the travel trailer, the front bedroom is to your right. Inside the bedroom, you will find a comfortable queen bed and two wardrobes, one on either side of the bed, and an overhead cabinet above the bed which helps to keep things neat and tidy.
The living and kitchen areas offer a slide with a u-dinette and sofa. Along one wall you will find an entertainment center and a bench with storage. There is also a double kitchen sink, three burner range, microwave, refrigerator, and pantry.
Just outside of the bathroom you will find a wardrobe. Inside the bathroom, there is a sink with medicine cabinet, toilet and shower. There is a private entrance to the outside from the bathroom.
The rear of the travel trailer offers a set of double bunk beds, which is perfect for your kids.
There are plenty of overhead cabinets throughout the 28BHBE as well as exterior storage.
You can even choose an optional hide-a-bed sofa, and more!
Relaxing in styleLike most: Having the outdoor kitchen is awesome. I'm boss of the outside kitchen and my wife is the boss for the inside kitchen. Works out pretty well and helps keep the marriage together (Just kidding) LOL - Bradley from Kerman, CA
Stock# M6259Z
|33 ft 5 in
|Ext Width
|8 ft
|Ext Height
|11 ft 2 in
|Int Height
|6 ft 9 in
|Hitch Weight
|660 lbs
|Gross Weight
|9250 lbs
|Dry Weight
|6540 lbs
|Cargo Weight
|2710 lbs
|Fresh Water Capacity
|76 gals
|Grey Water Capacity
|39 gals
|Black Water Capacity
|39 gals
Jayco, Inc. was founded in 1968 by a man of strong faith and vision. The late Lloyd J. Bontrager, family man and inventor, felt he could build the world a better RV. He longed to create a company of his own, one that clearly reflected his ideals: a company where everyone would be treated as "family".
With encouragement from his wife Bertha, Lloyd started Jayco on their farm--in two chicken houses and a barn! He developed his own prototype camping trailer and a unique lifter system for fold-down campers, the basic design of which is patented and still in use today. By the end of 1968, his fledging company of 15 employees had sold 132 fold-down camping trailers.
Today, Jayco's "family" of employees has grown to nearly 1,500 people, while more than 25,000 people join our "extended family" of customers each year.
At Jayco, our mission statement is: Committed to being the most respected name in recreation vehicles. We will consistently build a high quality, high value, competitively priced product at acceptable margins, treat every situation with the highest level of integrity in a timely manner, and continually work to reduce total cost to achieve acceptable returns.


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Size: 60 W x 45 H x 1 in
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Artist Recognition
Artist featured in a collection
Photography: Color on Aluminium.
Life's a wheel of fortune and it's time for me and it's my chance to spin it. Art photograph by Sarah Scherf (2018). Original (only 1 Original in existence in the world), signed, numbered (as 1/1), titled and dated by Artist Sarah Scherf with Certificate of Authenticity.
Media: Fine Art lustrous high-quality Aluminum photograph produced directly onto a sheet of 1/16" thick lustrous Aluminum (special dyes are infused onto the poly-coated metal under heat and pressure with a white layer infused in the metal to enhance colors and depth). The aluminum sheet is offset from the wall by a 3/4" thick wooden frame (float mount) which is attached to the back and comes ready to hang.
(Note: Museum-quality Aluminum fine art photographs are the contemporary medium of our time, and they are extremely durable, they're lightweight, they won't bend, and they are water resistant. The high gloss/lustrous finish of the smooth aluminum is bringing out depth in color and it produces an exceptional masterpiece of fine art).
Artist featured by Saatchi Art in a collection