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South African Journal of Child Health
versão On-line ISSN 1999-7671
versão impressa ISSN 1994-3032
S. Afr. j. child health vol.8 no.1 Cape Town Fev. 2014
Waardenburg syndrome in childhood deafness in Cameroon
J-J N NoubiapI; F DjomouI; R NjockI; G B ToureI; A WonkamII
IMD; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
IIMD; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare hereditary disorder essentially characterised by deafness and pigment disorders of the eyes, hair and skin.
METHODS: Between October 2010 and December 2011, we identified six patients with WS during an aetiological survey of 582 deaf participants recruited in schools for the deaf and ear, nose and throat outpatient clinics in seven of the ten regions of Cameroon. Two classic characteristics of WS were used as diagnostic criteria: deafness and pigmentation abnormalities (heterochromia iridis, white forelock and depigmented skin patches). In addition, to identify dystopia canthorum, a sign of WS type I, we calculated the W-index.
RESULTS: WS comprised 1% of the whole sample, 7% of the genetic cases, and 50% of the genetic syndromic cases. All patients with WS had severe to profound congenital sensorineural and symmetrical hearing loss with flat audiograms. They also had pigment disorders of the eyes and the skin. In the absence of dystopia canthorum, they were all classified as having WS type II. The pedigree was suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance in two cases, and the four others seemed to be de novo cases.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that WS type II is the most common syndromic form of hearing loss among Cameroonians. This has implications for retrospective genetic counselling and hearing tests for earlier management in affected families.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an inherited disorder in which patients exhibit varying combinations of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation of the eyes, hair and skin.[1-4] WS is clinically heterogeneous and has been classified into four major types. Type I (WS1, MIM 193500) is characterised by deafness, dystopia canthorum, a broad nasal root, synophrys, hypoplasia of the alae nasi, and pigmentation abnormalities (heterochromia iridis, white forelock, depigmented skin patches);[3,4] type II (WS2, MIM 193510) presents like WS1, but without dystopia canthorum;[3,4] type III (WS3, MIM 148820), also known as Klein-Waardenburg syndrome, is an extreme presentation ofWS1, manifesting with upper-limb abnormalities (e.g. hypo-plasia, syndactyly)[3,4] and type IV (WS4, MIM 277580), also called Shah-Waardenburg syndrome or Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease, combines pigmentation defects, deafness and Hirschsprung's disease.[3,4]
Types I and II are the most common, types IV and III being less frequent and very rare, respectively.[5] Overall it is estimated that between 1:20 000 and 1:40 000 people have WS, and there is a 1.43% prevalence among the congenitally deaf.[3,6]
Published data on deafness of genetic origin in sub-Saharan Africa are few and old. We recently carried out an aetiological survey on childhood deafness in Cameroon.[7] In the present article we report on the prevalence of WS and clinical and audiometric characteristics of the affected patients.
The study was approved by the National Ethics Committee of Cameroon (No. 123/CNE/SE/2010). Written informed consent was obtained from participants aged >18 years, and from parents or guardians of children aged <18 years, with assent from the child.
The study on causes of childhood hearing loss was carried out on 582 Cameroonians recruited in seven of the ten regions of Cameroon. Full details of clinical assessment and investigation procedures have been published elsewhere.[7]
Specifically, two classic characteristics of WS were used as diagnostic criteria: deafness and pigmentation abnormalities (heterochromia iridis, white forelock and depigmented skin patches). In addition, to identify dystopia canthorum, a sign of WS1, we calculated the W-index. Using a rigid ruler held against the face, we measured (in mm) the inner canthal distance (a), the interpupillary distance (b) and the outer canthal distance (c). We then calculated:
X = (2a - (0.2119c + 3.909))/c
Y = (2a - (0.2479b + 3.909))/b
W = X + Y + a/b
There is dystopia canthorum if the W-index is >1.95.[8]
Hearing levels were classified in accordance with recommendation number 02/1 of the Bureau International d'Audiophonologie, Belgium.[9]
Frequency of WS
Of 582 patients with hearing loss, 86 (14.8%) had deafness of putative genetic origin, 12 cases being genetic syndromic deafness. We found six patients (three males and three females) with WS, representing 1% of the whole sample, 7% of genetic cases and 50% of genetic syndromic cases.
Clinical and audiological findings
Two of the patients with WS had a pedigree displaying autosomal dominant inheritance, each with an affected parent. The other patients had no close relatives with any features of WS, and hence appeared to be de novo cases. All the patients with WS were born to non-consanguineous parents.
The clinical features are summarised in Table 1 and illustrated in Fig. 1. All the patients had normal psychomotor development, and none had Hirschsprung's disease or limb malformations. The W-index was <1.95 in all the patients, so in the absence of dystopia canthorum they were all classified as having WS2.
Before enrolment, five of the six patients had never consulted an otorhinolaryngologist because of financial limitations and the absence of such a specialist in their towns; they had also not received prior genetic consultation. Furthermore, none had a hearing aid or cochlear implant. Five attended nursery schools or primary schools for the deaf, while one, aged 25 years, attended a secondary school for normal-hearing pupils despite his severe hearing loss.
WS was the most frequent genetic syndrome found in our cohort, representing 50% of syndromic cases. This proportion is similar to the 62% prevalence of WS among black children with syndromic deafness in southern Africa found by Sellars et al.[10] WS could therefore be the most frequent form of syndromic deafness in sub-Saharan African populations. Sellars and Beighton[11] and Hageman[12] reported 3% and 1.7% prevalences of WS, respectively, among deaf pupils in southern Africa and Kenya - proportions higher than the 1% reported in this study. These data suggest that the prevalence of WS in childhood deafness may vary between 1% and 3% in sub-Saharan African populations.
We only found WS2 in our population. This finding differs from those of other studies in Africa. In their cohorts of patients with WS, Hageman[12] and de Saxe et al.[13] reported WS1:WS2 ratios of 18:12 and 31:21, respectively. Their reports suggest that WS1 may be more frequent than WS2. The absence of WS1 in our population seems to be a coincidental finding that could be related to poor availability of, and access to medical services in some areas of the country. In addition, for financial reasons many children with hearing loss may not have access to schools for the deaf, and have to choose between attending a normal school and not attending school at all. We did not find any cases of WS3 and WS4, which are rare in Caucasians.[5] The lone report we found of WS4 in Africa was a case in a newborn from Morocco.[14] Hirschsprung's disease, a major feature in WS4, accounts for a significant part of the early childhood mortality in these patients. In Africa, some patients with WS4 may die before diagnosis because of inadequate access to healthcare.
WS has a very high phenotypic variability.[3] Apart from one patient with premature canitis, none of our patients exhibited depigmentation of the hair, which has been seen in Nigerian children with WS, presenting as white forelock as in Caucasians.[3,15] All of our patients had hypoplastic blue eyes, and two of the six had partial or complete heterochromia of the iris, which occurs in 21 - 28% of patients with WS.[16]
WS is mainly transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but can also result from recessive inheritance or de novo occurrence.[3,6]-Because of the variable phenotype and incomplete penetrance,[3] close relatives of affected patients who exhibit very slight features may be undiagnosed. Sporadic cases can therefore be de novo, autosomal dominant or recessive.
None of our patients had prior genetic consultation. A medical genetic service was recently inaugurated in Cameroon,[17] so genetic counselling and molecular studies for deafness will become more possible in the country. Given that our patients have WS2, they may have mutations on the MTIF, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes.[6] However, molecular studies can be ineffective, as 85% of WS2 cases are unexplained at the molecular level.[18]
Except for Hirschsprung's disease in WS4, hearing loss is the most important factor in all WS types, because of the impairment of quality of life. As congenital deafness is generally diagnosed late in sub-Saharan African countries,[7] iris hypoplasia and heterochromia iridis are the main clinical features that could enable early diagnosis of WS and subsequent investigation for hearing loss. The best management for sensorineural hearing loss in childhood is cochlear implantation;[19] however, this approach is unfortunately not available in Cameroon.
The results suggest that WS2 is the most common syndromic form of hearing loss among Cameroonians. This has implications for retrospective genetic counselling and hearing tests for earlier management in affected families.
Author contributions
JJNN contributed to the study design, collected the data and drafted the manuscript. FD, RN and GBT contributed to the study design and revised the manuscript. AW conceived the study, supervised the research and drafted the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
We are grateful to the patients and their parents for their participation in this research.
1. Hageman MJ, Delleman JW. Heterogeneity in Waardenburg syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1977;29(5):468-485. [ Links ]
2. Markova TG, Megrelishvilli SM, Shevtsov SP, Shvarts EI. Clinical and molecular genetic investigation of Waardenburg syndrome type 1. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2003;(1):17-19. [ Links ]
3. Read AP, Newton VE. Waardenburg syndrome. J Med Genet 1997;34(8):656-665. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.34.8.6561 [ Links ]
4. Newton VE. Clinical features of the Waardenburg syndromes. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2002;61:201-208. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/0000668101 [ Links ]
5. Haddad NM, Ente D, Chouery E, et al. Molecular study of three Lebanese and Syrian patients with Waardenburg syndrome and report of novel mutations in the EDNRB and MITF genes. Mol Syndromol 2011;1(4):169-175. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000322891] [ Links ]
6. Pingault V, Ente D, Dastot-Le Moal F, et al. Review and update of mutations causing Waardenburg syndrome. Hum Mutat 2010;31(4):391-406. [http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.21211] [ Links ]
7. Wonkam A, Noubiap JJ, Djomou F, Fieggen K, Njock R, Toure GB. Etiology of childhood hearing loss in Cameroon (sub-Saharan Africa). Eur J Med Genet 2013;56(1):20-25. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.09.010] [ Links ]
8. Newton VE. Waardenburg's syndrome: A comparison of biometric indices used to diagnose lateral displacement of the inner canthi. Scand Audiol 1989;18(4):221-223. [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01050398909042198] [ Links ]
9. Bureau International d'Audiophonologie. Classification audiométrique des déficiences auditives. 1997. http://www.biap.org/recom02-1.htm (accessed 21 March 2010). [ Links ]
10. Sellars S, Beighton G, Horan F, Beighton P. Deafness in black children in southern Africa. S Afr Med J 1977;51(10):309-312. [ Links ]
11. Sellars S, Beighton P. The Waardenburg syndrome in deaf children in southern Africa. S Afr Med J 1983;63(19):725-728. [ Links ]
12. Hageman MJ. Waardenburg's syndrome in Kenyan Africans. Trop Geogr Med 1978;30(1):45-55. [ Links ]
13. De Saxe M, Kromberg JG, Jenkins T. Waardenburg syndrome in South Africa: Part I. An evaluation of clinical indings in 11 families. S Afr Med J 1984;66(7):256-261. [ Links ]
14. Mahmoudi A, Rami M, Khattala K, Elmadi A, Afifi MA, Youssef B. Shah-Waardenburg syndrome. Pan Afr Med J 2013;14:60. [http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2013.14.60.1543] [ Links ]
15. Abah ER, Oladigbolu KK, Samaila E, Merali H, Ahmed AO, Abubakar TH. Ophthalmologic abnormalities among deaf students in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2011;10(1):29-33. [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.76573] [ Links ]
16. Tagra S, Talwar AK, Walia RL, Sidhu P. Waardenburg syndrome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2006;72(4):326. [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.26718] [ Links ]
17. Wonkam A, Ngongang Tekendo C, Sama DJ, et al. Initiation of a medical genetics service in sub-Saharan Africa: Experience of prenatal diagnosis in Cameroon. Eur J Med Genet 2011;54(4):e399-e404. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.03.013] [ Links ]
18. Bondurand N, Dastot-Le Moal F, Stanchina L, et al. Deletions at the SOX10 gene locus cause Waardenburg syndrome types 2 and 4. Am J Hum Genet 2007;81(6):1169-1185. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522090] [ Links ]
19. De Sousa Andrade SM, Monteiro AR, Martins JH, et al. Cochlear implant rehabilitation outcomes in Waardenburg syndrome children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012;76(9):1375-1378. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.06.010] [ Links ]
A Wonkam


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This originally was published as my article in RSVP MN Magazine for September 2013. Click here to read it there
We've all had to say, "I am sorry" to someone at some time (at least I hope so). We're human. We screw things up and we need to make things right. The same thing happens in business. Probably more than we ever want it to. The problem of today, in business, sometimes when we screw up, it's online. Instead of only a few people seeing it, the potential is that millions of people have now seen it. It's hard enough sometimes to apologize person to person, and now you have to potentially apologize to hundreds, thousands or millions online. It's a pretty daunting task.
Apologizing online falls into a completely different aspect of apologies. It tends to be very public. It is hard to convey feelings or emotions via text and 140 characters. It can easily be assumed to be false or not heartfelt or true, and in the worst cases it can be seen as patronizing and condescending. There are some basic best practices that need to be followed to allow your online apology to be accepted and that you are able to recover from the mistake that led to the issue in the first place. Here are five best practices to help you say you're sorry online:
1. Respond immediately when there is an issue. In today's age of business there is no excuse for not monitoring your name and brand online. There are plenty of free tools like Google Alerts, and push notifications from Twitter and Facebook to let you know when someone mentions you or your company online. We live in a time of instant communications, and businesses can no longer "wait to formulate a response." In the time you take to formulate that response, the issues can go viral. Remember the Domino's Pizza video of employees doing crude things to food? The company found out about it on a Sunday night, but waited until Wednesday to take the first step. By then there were well over a hundred thousand views of the video.
2. Always apologize on the same social or online channel where the offense or issue is mentioned. If it is on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Yelp, etc., you need to respond to the report of the issue where it has been made. Even if you need time to investigate an issue, by responding quickly on the same channel helps convey the perception and thought that you care. Then keep the lines of communication open on those same channels until the issue has been resolved. Bystanders may see your efforts and at least understand you are responding to the situation. Going silent only hurts matters by letting the message and sentiment be formed in your absence. If there is no means to respond, such as the comment being made on a blog, website, or online publication which doesn't allow for responses, use your own channels (blog, website, Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to respond. Link to the original online remark (URL) to inform the audience to the details of the incident, when the issue is searched for in the future, your response will be tied to the issue that happened.
3. Explain what went wrong. It might have been as simple as someone sent out the wrong message or hit send without thinking. You need to let people know how you are reacting to the problem and taking steps to correct it. Without conveying any self-examination and action towards resolution, it will appear as if you don't care and are doing nothing. Remember, online isn't always as visual so convey these thoughts in words.
4. Explain what you are doing to correct the situation and what steps you are putting in place to ensure it won't happen again. This goes hand in hand with the previous step. If there is no plan or evidence of changed behavior, it will appear you are insincere and not really doing anything about the problem, and hence you are thought not to care about it. Add links and evidence to show what steps are being taken if that would help. Copies of new company policies or guidelines would be great to post as would photos of corrections, and so on. Evidence goes a long way toward rebuilding trust in your actions.
5. Finally, use the apology as an opportunity to make amends. If you show that you truly realize the scope and magnitude of your actions has hurt your standing in the community, use this opportunity to become a better corporate citizen. Overachieve on your next endeavor, especially if there is a community benefit to doing it. Your brand is only as valuable as the audience that follows, supports and enjoys what you do and your role in their lives. It is all too easy to move on to the next brand. Don't allow your brand to lose reputation credibility and following all because of a few missteps. The best companies in the digital age will plan for a strategy and policy that heads this off at the beginning rather than a plan that chases the tail end of the problem.
By mastering the art of apologizing online, you may be able to save your company, your brand, or hopefully at the very least, your job.

subset: commoncrawl


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Browse our Extensive Collection of 2020 Acura Cars in Pleasanton, CA
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How to capture logging output in unit tests
When writing unit tests for java, its extremely valuable to view the log statements produced by your unit tests and java code. The following is a brief introduction on how to configure maven1 and maven2 projects to capture logs.
The maven-test-plugin is used for running unit tests in maven1 projects. It is best to configure this plugin at a global level in your build.properties file located under your $USER_HOME.
First add the following to your $USER_HOME/build.properties file:
Second add a log4j.properties file under your $USER_HOME directory. Mostly likely this will include a ConsoleAppender. By using a ConsoleAppender the maven-test-plugin will capture the logs and write them to the console. However its cleaner if you set the property
log4j.configuration=file:/c:/Documents and Settings/jlorenzen/log4j.properties
maven.junit.usefile=true in your build.properties file. This will put all your logs in the .txt test report file.
Unfortunately things are a bit different for maven2 projects. You no longer use the maven-test-plugin but rather the maven-surefire-plugin. The following example will use java logging.
To get started open up your project's parent pom.xml and add the following for the maven-surefire-plugin.
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <systemProperties> <property> <name>java.util.logging.config.file</name> <value>${logging.location}</value> </property> </systemProperties> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>Next you need to define the value for the variable ${logging.location}. You do this in your settings.xml file which is located under $USER_HOME/.m2. If you do not already have a settings.xml file you can get an empty one under your maven2 install in the directory $M2_HOME/conf. To define the value for ${logging.location} create a profile in your $USER_HOME/.m2/settings.xml file like the following:
<profiles> <profile> <id>configure.logging.location.profile</id> <properties> <logging.location>${user.home}/.m2/logging.properties</logging.location> </properties> </profile> </profiles> Next you need to activate the profile by adding the following in your settings.xml: <activeprofiles> <activeprofile>configure.logging.location.profile</activeprofile> </activeprofiles>Since the surefire plugin does not put log statements in the output file when using the redirectTestOutputToFile, viewing the log statements in the console can be a bit overwhelming. To make this easier consider using the test single goal: mvn -Dtest=ClassName test


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13 June 2010 07:15
Blogmarks : Bookmarkletby Galilee & 28 others, 1 comment
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Lethe was a former colony world and Chapter homeworld of the now-extinct Flame Falcons Space Marine Chapter. Located on the border of the Manachean Commonwealth, the aggregate of advanced and populated worlds, set at the junction point where the Segmentum Obscurus ends and the northeastern sweep of the Ultima Segmentum presses onwards to its outermost limits. At the dawning of the Horus Heresy, this region of space was without doubt the most strategic vital area of the Coronid Deeps.
Clustered with inhabitable stars, many of which had possessed human populations since before the Age of Strife, the Commonwealth served as a lynchpin of commerce and trade in this region of the burgeoning Imperium. Vitally, it was also a powerhouse of industry and military endeavour which held the shape of the Imperium's borders by anchoring much of the ongoing force projection of the Imperialis Armada in the wider region.
The famous 905th Solar Auxilia Cohort (the "Ash Scorpions") was raised from the fearsome tribal warriors of Lethe. The 905th Cohort was known for its aggression and dedication, and earned numerous battle honours in pacification wars across the Coronid Deeps before its final, glorious sacrifice at Port Maw.
Five millennia later, Lethe would serve as the Chapter homeworld of the ill-fated Flame Falcons Chapter. When the Chapter spontaneously developed a troubling mutation in the form of immolation, the Inquisition moved with a large Grey Knights taskforce and wiped out the mutated Chapter. To ensure its total destruction, the Inquisition launched an Exterminatus against the doomed world.
The world of Lethe was home to a human remnant civilisation which had decayed to a borderline pre-industrial state during the long night of the Age of Strife, Lethe was first contacted in 824.M30 by the Rogue Trader Vaspperly Elgin, ahead of the Great Crusade's advance in force into the region some years later. Used as an early staging point by Crusade fleets, the mist-shrouded, largely arboreal world, criss-crossed by an extensive network of rivers around which its population was clustered, remained still stubbornly a frontier world, without major industrial or economic power having developed there. Nevertheless, Lethe had served its part within the Imperial fold, and had also provided several elite pioneer light infantry cohorts for the Imperialis Auxilia, which served with honoured distinction in the wars to further pacify the Coronid Deeps.
Many millennia later, Lethe would once again find itself written into the annals of Imperial history. Shortly before the start of the Age of Apostasy, sometime in the 36th Millennium, the largest Founding of Space Marine Chapters since the Second Founding took place. This was to be known as the 21st Founding, which would later be referred to as the "Cursed" Founding, because of the appalling bad luck that seems to dog the Chapters that were created by it. One of these Chapters created during this Founding, were the ill-fated Flame Falcons Chapter. Next to nothing is known of the Flame Falcons Chapter in official Imperial records, for they were declared Excommunicate Traitoris within a standard century of their inception. Initial combat trials involving the Chapter were a resounding success, and they were put on active service on the Southern Rim of the galaxy, based on their homeworld of Lethe.
Their first engagements, with Orks and Eldar Corsairs, promised a great future for the Chapter, as they were observed to be hardy and courageous, even for Space Marines. It was at the battle of Raffenburg's World that things began to go awry for the Flame Falcons. At the height of the battle, their largest engagement to that point, the 1st Company were observed to spontaneously immolate at the height of the fiercest fighting against the rebel forces. Fearing witchcraft, the Chapter's commander reinforced the front line and sent for an Inquisitor who was accompanying the Astra Militarum forces. When it was reported by the reinforcing Space Marines that the members of the 1st Company were not dead, but were in fact fighting with renewed savagery covered in flames to which they themselves were immune, the commander declared it a miracle, a gift sent from the Emperor.
The Inquisitor had a different opinion. Knowing that he could not assault the Flame Falcons immediately, he bided his time, witnessing the remainder of the Chapter undergo the same horrific change as the 1st Company. Upon the successful completion of the campaign, the Flame Falcons returned to Lethe in a celebratory mood, convinced, as they were, that their unique ability was a manifestation of the Emperor's grace. Soon after, the Grey Knights, the Chamber Militant of the daemon-hunting Ordo Malleus, at the behest of the Inquisition, assaulted Lethe, ruthlessly destroying the supposedly "cursed" Chapter. To ensure that their taint didn't affect the rest of the planet, Lethe was subjected to Exterminatus. It is thought that a small number of Flame Falcons escaped that day, but of their fate, nothing is known.
In Greek mythology Lethe was one of the five rivers of Hades. Also known as the Ameles potamos (river of unmindfulness), the Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld, where all those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness. Lethe was also the name of the Greek spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, with whom the river was often identified. In Classical Greek, the word lethe literally means "oblivion", "forgetfulness", or "concealment". It is related to the Greek word for "truth", aletheia, which through the privative alpha literally means "un-forgetfulness" or "un-concealment".
- Chapter Approved: The Fourth Book of the Astronomican (2004), "The Cursed Founding" by Andy Hoare, Graham McNeill & Phil Kelly, pp. 4-9
- Codex: Ultramarines (2nd Edition), pg. 13
- The Horus Heresy - Book Four: Conquest by Alan Bligh, pp. 37, 44, 69, 73, 158, 160
- White Dwarf 279 (UK), "Chapter Approved: The Cursed Founding" by Andy Chambers, Andy Hoare, Graham McNeill & Phil Kelly, pp. 51-52
- White Dwarf 260 (UK), "Index Astartes: The Cursed Founding"


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12 ingredients from Holy Scripture cures disease
Bible Scholars unearth lost teachings of Jesus. Now, experts believe this discovery could forever change the way we fight disease. See the discovery here.
The trillion-dollar pharma industry is WORRIED SICK over this discovery
Theyd thought they were safe
And that folks like us had forgotten about these secret teachings of Jesus.
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God Bless,
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Biblical Freedom Institute
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mdid /pictos /michele /holders /multim /piece /anthem /chtah /delivered /May /Qs; participating /Neste /muscles /rub /width /station /cookpad /Libby /commodities au /look /umusic /uac /cites /Op /contain /this /Wellington /RIS /battled f /rendering /RIB har /padding /2010 /basses /sec /dominance /outreach /crystalball reconstructive /Maru /Graft /jacket /impairment /excoriate /disputed /lawmakers robs /mags /mastering The smoking-room lay at the end of a short, curved passage. Its appointments were exclusively oriental. A broad, low window opened out upon a balcony that overhung the garden. From the divan upon which I reclined, only the swaying treetops could be seen. The maple leaves glistened in the afternoon sun. Beside the divan was a low stand which contained the complete paraphernalia of a smoker. I was feeling quite comfortable, and congratulated myself upon having escaped for a while the incessant chatter of the women that reached me faintly. I took a cigarette and lit it, placing the box upon the stand just as the tiny clock, which was there, chimed in silvery strokes the hour of five. I took one long inspiration of the Egyptian cigarette. The grey-green smoke arose in a small puffy column that spread and broadened, that seemed to fill the room. I could see the maple leaves dimly, as if they were veiled in a shimmer of moonlight. A subtle, disturbing current passed through my whole body and went to my head like the fumes of disturbing wine. I took another deep inhalation of the cigarette. "Ah! the sand has blistered my cheek! I have lain here all day with my face in the sand. Tonight, when the everlasting stars are burning, I shall drag myself to the river." grappler /478 /Redmond /E /beantwortet /asie /peeps /receivers /cheques /beast ballsiest /vermittelt /ul /stuurde /CLIENTSIDE /integrate /Loft /Turner /slices thessaloniki /sunshine /recomendar /Carvings /profile suprise /commandez /technische /irregular /tennessee /somewhat /flooding most /activation /fennel /judging /jays /slideout /relied baum /damage /mid /beneficial /text /Patel /lue /sapper /ucm rnummer /functon /newsletter /Alerts /Diane /beneficial /optimum /fragen /3049 shift /s /altere /abusing /vullen /do /modelo /permettrait /1211 /knock cad /a /rcode /iadb /juba /screenshots /tafe /het /opmerking /daily


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As some of the biggest sources of heat loss in your home, the walls are a good place to start when it comes to maximizing the energy efficiency of your home. If your energy bills are much higher than normal (particularly compared to the same time last year), or it feels drafty and uncomfortable in your home, you may need more wall insulation.
If you live in the Oswego, Illinois area and need more wall insulation, ThermaSeal / Lakeside Insulation is a good name to know!
Insulating your home's exterior and interior walls is important—and so is sealing your home. In fact, insulation and air sealing projects should go together because air leaks actually undermine the performance of insulation (and the walls are significant sources of air leaks).
Insulation for Your Walls
Talking to a local insulation company is the best way to determine if you need more insulation, but there are some things you can look out for on your own. Signs you may need more insulation include:
- Higher than normal energy bills
- Uncomfortable drafts
- Uneven temperatures from room to room
- Walls and floors that are extremely cold in the winter and excessively warm in the summer
- Air conditioner running more than normal in the summer
If you notice any of these signs, or your Oswego home was built in the 1970s or earlier, chances are, you need more insulation. In fact, many older homes don't have nearly enough wall insulation and don't meet the standards and recommendations of the Department of Energy standards and ENERGY STAR®.
ThermaSeal / Lakeside Insulation offers different types of insulation to meet your wall insulation needs—fiberglass, cellulose and spray foam. And we offer some of the highest quality products on the market!
Benefits of Wall Insulation
No matter which type of insulation you install in your walls, you'll get to enjoy all the benefits. Each type of insulation offers its own advantages. For instance, fiberglass and cellulose have superior soundproofing abilities, and spray foam is great at filling small cracks and holes and fitting around piping, wiring, etc.
Whether fiberglass, cellulose or spray foam, your wall insulation can:
- Help lower your energy bills
- Make your home more comfortable year round
- Help improve the overall efficiency of your air conditioner and furnace
- Promote a healthier environment (decreased energy consumption means reduced carbon dioxide and fewer greenhouse gas emissions)
- Help increase the market value of your home
Wall Insulation Contractors in Oswego, Illinois
If you live in the Oswego area and need an insulation company, contact ThermaSeal / Lakeside Insulation. We have installed wall insulation in all types of homes throughout the area and can help you with your project too!


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Congratulations Courtney Stifle! I'm SO excited for you, and I will be in touch soon!
(Entry # 3160-3162 // Follow 4moms on Instagram)
I am SO excited about today's post. Over the past year, we've used some really wonderful baby products and worked with some really great companies thanks to this blog and Instagram, and today I wanted to share the love and do a fun giveaway highlighting some of these awesome items. So, in celebration of Charlie's birthday month, today we have a HUGE giveaway, full of Charlie's (and my!) most well-loved, favorite things.
Included in the big prize that ONE WINNER will receive (almost a $1600 value):
Orbit Baby G3 Stroller Base
Orbit Baby G3 Infant Car Seat + G3 Car Seat Base
Orbit Baby G3 Cargo Basket
Ergobaby 360 Carrier
Ergobaby Wrap
Ergobaby Swaddler
4moms Breeze Playard
Solly Baby Wrap
CRAZY, right? This giveaway is open to US residents only and you can enter using the widget below. There's one simple way to enter by leaving a comment, and then a bunch of other options too. The giveaway is primarily on the blog, but there is an option to repost the giveaway photo above on Instagram with the #charliesfavethings hashtag, and you can find that on my IG account @danihampton (this is all explained via the widget too).
I'll be back next week with part two of this giveaway- it's another great one and includes some of our favorite shops for awesome boys' clothing and accessories.
Good luck and thank you for being a special part of this past year through this blog and Instagram community. We love you all. xoxo


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The team of scientists that guided NASA's Curiosity to Mars last summer will accompany a model of the rover -- dubbed Ms. Curiosity -- during Monday's inauguration parade in Washington D.C.
The life-size model will roll along the parade route alongside Jet Propulsion Laboratory project manager Richard Cook, flight director Bobak Ferdowsi, mission manager Jennifer Trosper and deputy project scientist Ashwin Vasavada. Program executive Dave Lavery and program scientist Michael Meyer, both of NASA headquarters, will march with the team.
NASA will have two floats in the inauguration parade, scheduled to begin at about 11:30 a.m. PT. A model of rover Orion, a capsule designed to transport astronauts deep into space, will be part of the event.
Current and former astronauts also will march in the parade.
Curiosity is part of an effort to determine whether environmental conditions on Mars could have been favorable to microbes. The journey to the drilling spot should take about two weeks.
The SUV-sized rover landed on Mars Aug. 6.