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The Low Down on Uptalk
Lynda Pongracz asked today, "Have you ever commented on the style of speech I've heard described as 'up talk'? There seems to be a tendency (mostly in American speech) to end every sentence with the voice going up as it does when asking a question. It used to be that declarative sentences ended with the voice steady or even going down. This kind of up talk seems to be popular in the current generation, and I've heard it used both informally in conversation as well as formally in speeches and even in TV news. I'd be interested to know your thoughts on this. When and how did this trend begin? Is it typical of certain parts of the US? Do other language groups have up talk?
"Uptalk" is sweeping the English-speaking world, it would seem. Reports of it in Australia, New Zealand, England, and Canada are pouring in. Unfortunately, because it is different from radio-TV intonation, it frightens many people.
Linguists didn't like the journalese term "uptalk", so they created their own monstrosity (which is, admittedly a bit more descriptive): High Rising Tone or simply HRT. It is an intonation pattern in which the pitch of the voice rises to the level of a question across the predicate of a statement, e.g. "I heard Freddy is working real hard these days? at two jobs now? one at night and the other during the day?"
The intonation is not that of a question, however, because it does not simply rise at the end of the sentence but before the end and is sustained. It sounds very much like the intonation of "you know what I'm sayin?" superimposed on a statement.
Imagine the intonation of that phrase added to that of "I heard Freddy is working real hard these days, know what I'm saying?" Now, drop the phrase and retract the intonation over the phrase itself. The interesting aspect of this analysis is that the meaning of this information is very similar to the meaning of the phrase. It is not question intonation nor does it mark questions; it serves to accentuate whatever is being said and checks to see if the listener is following.
Raising the intonation before the end of a statement is not unusual. Another language I speak, Russian, regularly indicates dependent clauses by the same raised intonation pattern that they use for questions. So it is not an unusual linguistic phenomenon; it is just unusual for those of us accustomed to radio-TV intonation.
A major question has been, where did uptalk originate? According to a 1995 piece in the Houston Chronicle, "It began as a feature of valley speak, the adolescent argot native to the San Fernando Valley and immortalised by the valley girl. But now uptalk has taken on a life of its own." Others have traced it to Australia and New Zealand. Neither of these presumptions are true.
In fact, it was alive and healthy in the South in the 1950s because most of my cousins used it in rural North Carolina and many girls in the city high school did, too. It was only used when they were talking relatively urgently about something and, as many others have noted, only by girls.
My guess would be that it is a late development of an Irish accentuation pattern which also tends to go up at unusual points in a phrase. Irish and Scottish accents changed more slowly in the South than in the North since, as I mentioned recently on a talk show, the southern accents were not battered by the foreign accents of immigrants, who arrived mostly in the North. However, this is just a working hypothesis for which I have no historical evidence.
However, next week I will be back in the South and will certainly keep my ears open for further evidence of uptalk down there. I think that all evidence points to uptalk being a second major contribution to English made by the South, yall being the first.
The best piece I could find on the Web is Mark Lieberman's survey in his Language Log. I will look for some more.


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SUNY Canton Scholarship Honors Joseph and Dine Kennedy's ServiceTuesday, June 26th, 2012
The College Foundation has received approximately $100,000 in initial donations from SUNY Canton students, faculty, staff and community members.
A new scholarship endowment has been established to honor the commitment and dedication of SUNY Canton President Dr. Joseph L. Kennedy and his wife Dine.
"There is no better way to pay tribute to the commitment of the Kennedys than to establish this endowment," said Vice President for Advancement David M. Gerlach. "I'm not alone in this feeling. So far, we've raised close to $100,000 in gifts and pledges."
Kennedy served the College for almost two decades and will be retiring August 31.
The Joseph L. and Dine Kennedy Endowed Scholarship waspublicly announced at the College's 104th Commencement Ceremony by Student Government Association President Daynelle Richards, a 2012 graduate of the health services management program.
"For the past 19 years, students have benefitted from the advocacy from Dr. and Mrs. Kennedy," Richards said. "The Student Government Association (SGA) contributed funds to help create this new endowment. Thisscholarship keeps with the spirit the Kennedys have always shown during their time at the college, and will benefit students who demonstrate high academic achievement for years to come."
Prior to the public announcement, the Canton College Foundation had received support from SUNY Canton Faculty and Staff, who wanted to continue the Kennedys' legacy. Financially, the SGA donated $20,000 to the new endowment and the College Association donated $30,000. Faculty and staff and alumni have contributed an additional $46,000 to create the scholarship.
"Dr. Kennedy has made a difference in students' lives and in the overall life of SUNY Canton and the Northern New York community," College Council Chairman Ronald M. O'Neill said. "It is a fitting tribute that the Kennedy family is honored through a scholarship that will continue their legacy beyond their time."
Kennedy began rebranding the College when he started his career in 1994. Under his leadership, the College has moved from a primarily two-year school to a four-year baccalaureate degree granting institution ofhigher learning. The College now offers 23 career-driven bachelor degrees in addition to its associate and certificate programs. Kennedy initiated the creation of SUNY Canton OnLine featuring 190 courses each semester and 8 fully online bachelor's degree programs.
"It is difficult to put into words all of Dr. and Mrs. Kennedy's accomplishments without overlooking something," Gerlach said. "The campus we have today, the feeling of family this College offers to our students, their parents, and to our faculty and staff, all stem from Dr. and Mrs. Kennedy's deep commitment to making SUNY Canton the best educational experience for all. They have transformed the College and over the past several years we have likely become the fastest growing college in New York State."
The entire physical space of the campus has been changed under his presidency. New building additions include the Richard W. Miller Campus Center, the Newell Veterinary Technology Center, the AthleticFacility, nicknamed Roos House, and the Grasse River Suites, an apartment-style residence hall.
The College's enrollment has grown from below 2,000 students in 1993 to nearly 4,000 students today. The focus of providing the highest quality career-driven education for the most economical price has always been Kennedy's top priority. He said, "A SUNY Canton education changes the lives of our students, their families, and our community because we provide the training for successful careers."
Under his guidance, the assets of the Canton College Foundation have grown from $1 million to over $40 million today. The College awards nearly $500,000 annually in scholarship support to students in need. As a result of Kennedy's innovative leadership, the Foundation has received million dollar gifts from professors Richard W. Miller and Herman Kalberer as well as alumnus Joel Canino, Class of 1959, Elaine Claxton Pidgeon, and an anonymous donor.
"The College's accomplishments under Dr. Kennedy's leadership are extraordinary," said Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs Carli C. Schiffner, who will serve as Interim President upon Kennedy's departure. "The entire faculty and staff look forward to continuing the successes and momentum he has created. I feel honored to be among the donors for this scholarship and all that it stands for."
Dine Kennedy is a dedicated community volunteer who has worked with the Traditional Arts of Upstate New York (TAUNY) Evergreen Campaign, has served as a Board member for Hospice and Palliative Care of St. Lawrence Valley, and represents St. Lawrence Valley Educational Television Council, Inc. on the National Leadership Council for Advancing Public Service Media in America. She served 10 years on the Benton Board of the Canton Free Library, including serving as Treasurer and President, served on the North Country Public Radio Community Advisory Board; served 11 years as a Board member, vice-chair, and chair for WPBS, and served 8 years on the Board of Trustees for Canton-Potsdam Hospital. St. Lawrence University recognized her volunteer efforts in 2010 by awarding her their North Country Citizen Citation.
To make a donation to the Joseph and Dine Kennedy Scholarship endowment, contact the SUNY Canton College Foundation, 315-386-7527, 800-811-6727, or email email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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the frowning clouds – time wastin' woman
The Frowning Clouds are so 60s and very fun. Lead vocalist Nick (a dead ringer for George Harrison) and his poncho-wielding counterpart Zack rotate between singing and rhythm guitar duties. The coarse vocals of Zack lend backbone to "Time Wastin' Woman", oozing with the sounds of the Stones' early catalogue – via who the bloody hell are they?


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Prof. Dr. Axel Janke
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What is M-Strides?
M-Strides is a web-based system to help measure and monitor your condition over the course of treatment. As a U-M patient, you may be asked to log in on a regular basis and follow a series of personalized prompts, answering questions about the feelings, behaviors, symptoms and side effects you may have experienced between appointments. After each M-Strides online "session," an updated graph is generated to provide a visual picture of your progress that you and your care team can review at your next appointment.
Security is a top priority of M-Strides – information is collected on a HIPAA-compliant, secure site that can be accessed only by your care team. A staff member will provide you with more information about M-Strides, and you will receive a secure user name and password and easy-to-follow instructions for putting M-Strides to work for you.
Login to the M-Strides System (Turn off your browser's pop-up blocker first!)


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Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Fact Sheet
What is post-stroke rehabilitation?
What disabilities can result from a stroke?
What medical professionals specialize in post-stroke rehabilitation?
When can a stroke patient begin rehabilitation?
Where can a stroke patient get rehabilitation?
What research is being done?
Where can I get more information?
In the United States more than 700,000 people suffer a stroke each year, and approximately two-thirds of these individuals survive and require rehabilitation. The goals of rehabilitation are to help survivors become as independent as possible and to attain the best possible quality of life. Even though rehabilitation does not "cure" the effects of stroke in that it does not reverse brain damage, rehabilitation can substantially help people achieve the best possible long-term outcome.
What is post-stroke rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation helps stroke survivors relearn skills that are lost when part of the brain is damaged. For example, these skills can include coordinating leg movements in order to walk or carrying out the steps involved in any complex activity. Rehabilitation also teaches survivors new ways of performing tasks to circumvent or compensate for any residual disabilities. Individuals may need to learn how to bathe and dress using only one hand, or how to communicate effectively when their ability to use language has been compromised. There is a strong consensus among rehabilitation experts that the most important element in any rehabilitation program is carefully directed,well-focused, repetitive practice—the same kind of practice used by all people when they learn a new skill, such as playing the piano or pitching a baseball.
Rehabilitative therapy begins in the acute-care hospital after the person's overall condition has been stabilized, often within 24 to 48 hours after the stroke. The first steps involve promoting independent movement because many individuals are paralyzed or seriously weakened. Patients are prompted to change positions frequently while lying in bed and to engage in passive or active range of motion exercises to strengthen their stroke-impaired limbs. ("Passive" range-of-motion exercises are those in which the therapist actively helps the patient move a limb repeatedly, whereas "active" exercises are performed by the patient with no physical assistance from the therapist.) Depending on many factors—including the extent of the initial injury—patients may progress from sitting up and being moved between the bed and a chair to standing, bearing their own weight, and walking, with or without assistance. Rehabilitation nurses and therapists help patients who are able to perform progressively more complex and demanding tasks, such as bathing, dressing, and using a toilet, and they encourage patients to begin using their stroke-impaired limbs while engaging in those tasks. Beginning to reacquire the ability to carry out these basic activities of daily living represents the first stage in a stroke survivor's return to independence.
For some stroke survivors, rehabilitation will be an ongoing process to maintain and refine skills and could involve working with specialists for months or years after the stroke.
What disabilities can result from a stroke?
The types and degrees of disability that follow a stroke depend upon which area of the brain is damaged. Generally, stroke can cause five types of disabilities: paralysis or problems controlling movement; sensory disturbances including pain; problems using or understanding language; problems with thinking and memory; and emotional disturbances.
Paralysis or problems controlling movement (motor control)
Paralysis is one of the most common disabilities resulting from stroke. The paralysis is usually on the side of the body opposite the side of the brain damaged by stroke, and may affect the face, an arm, a leg, or the entire side of the body. This one-sided paralysis is called hemiplegia (one-sided weakness is called hemiparesis). Stroke patients with hemiparesis or hemiplegia may have difficulty with everyday activities such as walking or grasping objects. Some stroke patients have problems with swallowing, called dysphagia, due to damage to the part of the brain that controls the muscles for swallowing. Damage to a lower part of the brain, the cerebellum, can affect the body's ability to coordinate movement, a disability called ataxia, leading to problems with body posture, walking, and balance.
Sensory disturbances including pain
Stroke patients may lose the ability to feel touch, pain, temperature, or position. Sensory deficits also may hinder the ability to recognize objects that patients are holding and can even be severe enough to cause loss of recognition of one's own limb. Some stroke patients experience pain, numbness or odd sensations of tingling or prickling in paralyzed or weakened limbs, a symptom known as paresthesias.
The loss of urinary continence is fairly common immediately after a stroke and often results from a combination of sensory and motor deficits. Stroke survivors may lose the ability to sense the need to urinate or the ability to control bladder muscles. Some may lack enough mobility to reach a toilet in time. Loss of bowel control or constipation also may occur. Permanent incontinence after a stroke is uncommon, but even a temporary loss of bowel or bladder control can be emotionally difficult for stroke survivors.
Stroke survivors frequently have a variety of chronic pain syndromes resulting from stroke-induced damage to the nervous system (neuropathic pain). In some stroke patients, pathways for sensation in the brain are damaged, causing the transmission of false signals that result in the sensation of pain in a limb or side of the body that has the sensory deficit. The most common of these pain syndromes is called "thalamic pain syndrome" (caused by a stroke to the thalamus, which processes sensory information from the body to the brain), which can be difficult to treat even with medications. Finally, some pain that occurs after stroke is not due to nervous system damage, but rather to mechanical problems caused by the weakness from the stroke. Patients who have a seriously weakened or paralyzed arm commonly experience moderate to severe pain that radiates outward from the shoulder. Most often, the pain results from lack of movement in a joint that has been immobilized for a prolonged period of time (such as having your arm or shoulder in a cast for weeks) and the tendons and ligaments around the joint become fixed in one position. This is commonly called a "frozen" joint; "passive" movement (the joint is gently moved or flexed by a therapist or caregiver rather than by the individual) at the joint in a paralyzed limb is essential to prevent painful "freezing" and to allow easy movement if and when voluntary motor strength returns.
Problems using or understanding language (aphasia)
At least one-fourth of all stroke survivors experience language impairments, involving the ability to speak, write, and understand spoken and written language. A stroke-induced injury to any of the brain's language-control centers can severely impair verbal communication. The dominant centers for language are in the left side of the brain for right-handed individuals and many left-handers as well. Damage to a language center located on the dominant side of the brain, known as Broca's area, causes expressive aphasia. People with this type of aphasia have difficulty conveying their thoughts through words or writing. They lose the ability to speak the words they are thinking and to put words together in coherent, grammatically correct sentences. In contrast, damage to a language center located in a rear portion of the brain, called Wernicke's area, results in receptive aphasia. People with this condition have difficulty understanding spoken or written language and often have incoherent speech. Although they can form grammatically correct sentences, their utterances are often devoid of meaning. The most severe form of aphasia, global aphasia, is caused by extensive damage to several areas of the brain involved in language function. People with global aphasia lose nearly all their linguistic abilities; they cannot understand language or use it to convey thought.
Problems with thinking and memory
Stroke can cause damage to parts of the brain responsible for memory, learning, and awareness. Stroke survivors may have dramatically shortened attention spans or may experience deficits in short-term memory. Individuals also may lose their ability to make plans, comprehend meaning, learn new tasks, or engage in other complex mental activities. Two fairly common deficits resulting from stroke are anosognosia, an inability to acknowledge the reality of the physical impairments resulting from stroke, and neglect, the loss of the ability to respond to objects or sensory stimuli located on the stroke-impaired side. Stroke survivors who develop apraxia (loss of ability to carry out a learned purposeful movement) cannot plan the steps involved in a complex task and act on them in the proper sequence. Stroke survivors with apraxia also may have problems following a set of instructions. Apraxia appears to be caused by a disruption of the subtle connections that exist between thought and action.
Emotional disturbances
Many people who survive a stroke feel fear, anxiety, frustration, anger, sadness, and a sense of grief for their physical and mental losses. These feelings are a natural response to the psychological trauma of stroke. Some emotional disturbances and personality changes are caused by the physical effects of brain damage. Clinical depression, which is a sense of hopelessness that disrupts an individual's ability to function, appears to be the emotional disorder most commonly experienced by stroke survivors. Signs of clinical depression include sleep disturbances, a radical change in eating patterns that may lead to sudden weight loss or gain, lethargy, social withdrawal, irritability, fatigue, self-loathing, and suicidal thoughts. Post-stroke depression can be treated with antidepressant medications and psychological counseling.
What medical professionals specialize in post-stroke rehabilitation?
Post-stroke rehabilitation involves physicians; rehabilitation nurses; physical, occupational, recreational, speech-language, and vocational therapists; and mental health professionals.
Physicians have the primary responsibility for managing and coordinating the long-term care of stroke survivors, including recommending which rehabilitation programs will best address individual needs. Physicians also are responsible for caring for the stroke survivor's general health and providing guidance aimed at preventing a second stroke, such as controlling high blood pressure or diabetes and eliminating risk factors such as cigarette smoking, excessive weight, a high-cholesterol diet, and high alcohol consumption.
Neurologists usually lead acute-care stroke teams and direct patient care during hospitalization. They sometimes participate on the long-term rehabilitation team. Other subspecialists often lead the rehabilitation stage of care, especially physiatrists, who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation nurses
Nurses specializing in rehabilitation help survivors relearn how to carry out the basic activities of daily living. They also educate survivors about routine health care, such as how to follow a medication schedule, how to care for the skin, how to move out of a bed and into a wheelchair, and special needs for people with diabetes. Rehabilitation nurses also work with survivors to reduce risk factors that may lead to a second stroke, and provide training for caregivers.
Nurses are closely involved in helping stroke survivors manage personal care issues, such as bathing and controlling incontinence. Most stroke survivors regain their ability to maintain continence, often with the help of strategies learned during rehabilitation. These strategies include strengthening pelvic muscles through special exercises and following a timed voiding schedule. If problems with incontinence continue, nurses can help caregivers learn to insert and manage catheters and to take special hygienic measures to prevent other incontinence-related health problems from developing.
Physical therapists
Physical therapists specialize in treating disabilities related to motor and sensory impairments. They are trained in all aspects of anatomy and physiology related to normal function, with an emphasis on movement. They assess the stroke survivor's strength, endurance, range of motion, gait abnormalities, and sensory deficits to design individualized rehabilitation programs aimed at regaining control over motor functions.
Physical therapists help survivors regain the use of stroke-impaired limbs, teach compensatory strategies to reduce the effect of remaining deficits, and establish ongoing exercise programs to help people retain their newly learned skills. Disabled people tend to avoid using impaired limbs, a behavior called learned non-use. However, the repetitive use of impaired limbs encourages brain plasticity and helps reduce disabilities.
Strategies used by physical therapists to encourage the use of impaired limbs include selective sensory stimulation such as tapping or stroking, active and passive range-of-motion exercises, and temporary restraint of healthy limbs while practicing motor tasks.
In general, physical therapy emphasizes practicing isolated movements, repeatedly changing from one kind of movement to another, and rehearsing complex movements that require a great deal of coordination and balance, such as walking up or down stairs or moving safely between obstacles. People too weak to bear their own weight can still practice repetitive movements during hydrotherapy (in which water provides sensory stimulation as well as weight support) or while being partially supported by a harness. A recent trend in physical therapy emphasizes the effectiveness of engaging in goal-directed activities, such as playing games, to promote coordination. Physical therapists frequently employ selective sensory stimulation to encourage use of impaired limbs and to help survivors with neglect regain awareness of stimuli on the neglected side of the body.
Occupational and recreational therapists
Like physical therapists, occupational therapists are concerned with improving motor and sensory abilities, and ensuring patient safety in the post-stroke period. They help survivors relearn skills needed for performing self-directed activities (also called occupations) such as personal grooming, preparing meals, and housecleaning. Therapists can teach some survivors how to adapt to driving and provide on-road training. They often teach people to divide a complex activity into its component parts, practice each part, and then perform the whole sequence of actions. This strategy can improve coordination and may help people with apraxia relearn how to carry out planned actions.
Occupational therapists also teach people how to develop compensatory strategies and change elements of their environment that limit activities of daily living. For example, people with the use of only one hand can substitute hook and loop fasteners (such as Velcro) for buttons on clothing. Occupational therapists also help people make changes in their homes to increase safety, remove barriers, and facilitate physical functioning, such as installing grab bars in bathrooms.
Recreational therapists help people with a variety of disabilities to develop and use their leisure time to enhance their health, independence, and quality of life.
Speech-language pathologists
Speech-language pathologists help stroke survivors with aphasia relearn how to use language or develop alternative means of communication. They also help people improve their ability to swallow, and they work with patients to develop problem-solving and social skills needed to cope with the after-effects of a stroke.
Many specialized therapeutic techniques have been developed to assist people with aphasia. Some forms of short-term therapy can improve comprehension rapidly. Intensive exercises such as repeating the therapist's words, practicing following directions, and doing reading or writing exercises form the cornerstone of language rehabilitation. Conversational coaching and rehearsal, as well as the development of prompts or cues to help people remember specific words, are sometimes beneficial. Speech-language pathologists also help stroke survivors develop strategies for circumventing language disabilities. These strategies can include the use of symbol boards or sign language. Recent advances in computer technology have spurred the development of new types of equipment to enhance communication.
Speech-language pathologists use special types of imaging techniques to study swallowing patterns of stroke survivors and identify the exact source of their impairment. Difficulties with swallowing have many possible causes, including a delayed swallowing reflex, an inability to manipulate food with the tongue, or an inability to detect food remaining lodged in the cheeks after swallowing. When the cause has been pinpointed, speech-language pathologists work with the individual to devise strategies to overcome or minimize the deficit. Sometimes, simply changing body position and improving posture during eating can bring about improvement. The texture of foods can be modified to make swallowing easier; for example, thin liquids, which often cause choking, can be thickened. Changing eating habits by taking small bites and chewing slowly can also help alleviate dysphagia.
Vocational therapists
Approximately one-fourth of all strokes occur in people between the ages of 45 and 65. For most people in this age group, returning to work is a major concern. Vocational therapists perform many of the same functions that ordinary career counselors do. They can help people with residual disabilities identify vocational strengths and develop résumés that highlight those strengths. They also can help identify potential employers, assist in specific job searches, and provide referrals to stroke vocational rehabilitation agencies.
Most important, vocational therapists educate disabled individuals about their rights and protections as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. This law requires employers to make "reasonable accommodations" for disabled employees. Vocational therapists frequently act as mediators between employers and employees to negotiate the provision of reasonable accommodations in the workplace.
When can a stroke patient begin rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation should begin as soon as a stroke patient is stable, sometimes within 24 to 48 hours after a stroke. This first stage of rehabilitation can occur within an acute-care hospital; however, it is very dependent on the unique circumstances of the individual patient.
Recently, in the largest stroke rehabilitation study in the United States, researchers compared two common techniques to help stroke patients improve their walking. Both methods—training on a body-weight supported treadmill or working on strength and balance exercises at home with a physical therapist—resulted in equal improvements in the individual's ability to walk by the end of one year. Researchers found that functional improvements could be seen as late as one year after the stroke, which goes against the conventional wisdom that most recovery is complete by 6 months. The trial showed that 52 percent of the participants made significant improvements in walking, everyday function and quality of life, regardless of how severe their impairment was, or whether they started the training at 2 or 6 months after the stroke.
Where can a stroke patient get rehabilitation?
At the time of discharge from the hospital, the stroke patient and family coordinate with hospital social workers to locate a suitable living arrangement. Many stroke survivors return home, but some move into some type of medical facility.
Inpatient rehabilitation units
Inpatient facilities may be freestanding or part of larger hospital complexes. Patients stay in the facility, usually for 2 to 3 weeks, and engage in a coordinated, intensive program of rehabilitation. Such programs often involve at least 3 hours of active therapy a day, 5 or 6 days a week. Inpatient facilities offer a comprehensive range of medical services, including full-time physician supervision and access to the full range of therapists specializing in post-stroke rehabilitation.
Outpatient units
Outpatient facilities are often part of a larger hospital complex and provide access to physicians and the full range of therapists specializing in stroke rehabilitation. Patients typically spend several hours, often 3 days each week, at the facility taking part in coordinated therapy sessions and return home at night. Comprehensive outpatient facilities frequently offer treatment programs as intense as those of inpatient facilities, but they also can offer less demanding regimens, depending on the patient's physical capacity.
Nursing facilities
Rehabilitative services available at nursing facilities are more variable than are those at inpatient and outpatient units. Skilled nursing facilities usually place a greater emphasis on rehabilitation, whereas traditional nursing homes emphasize residential care. In addition, fewer hours of therapy are offered compared to outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation units.
Home-based rehabilitation programs
Home rehabilitation allows for great flexibility so that patients can tailor their program of rehabilitation and follow individual schedules. Stroke survivors may participate in an intensive level of therapy several hours per week or follow a less demanding regimen. These arrangements are often best suited for people who require treatment by only one type of rehabilitation therapist. Patients dependent on Medicare coverage for their rehabilitation must meet Medicare's "homebound" requirements to qualify for such services; at this time lack of transportation is not a valid reason for home therapy. The major disadvantage of home-based rehabilitation programs is the lack of specialized equipment. However, undergoing treatment at home gives people the advantage of practicing skills and developing compensatory strategies in the context of their own living environment. In the recent stroke rehabilitation trial, intensive balance and strength rehabilitation in the home was equivalent to treadmill training at a rehabilitation facility in improving walking.
What research is being done?
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a component of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), has primary responsibility for sponsoring research on disorders of the brain and nervous system, including the acute phase of stroke and the restoration of function after stroke. The NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, through its National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, funds work on mechanisms of restoration and repair after stroke, as well as development of new approaches to rehabilitation and evaluation of outcomes. Most of the NIH-funded work on diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia is through the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering collaborates with NINDS and NICHD in developing new instrumentation for stroke treatment and rehabilitation. The National Eye Institute funds work directed at restoration of vision and rehabilitation for individuals with impaired or low vision that may be due to vascular disease or stroke.
The NINDS supports research on ways to enhance repair and regeneration of the central nervous system. Scientists funded by the NINDS are studying how the brain responds to experience or adapts to injury by reorganizing its functions (plasticity)—using noninvasive imaging technologies to map patterns of biological activity inside the brain. Other NINDS-sponsored scientists are looking at brain reorganization after stroke and determining whether specific rehabilitative techniques, such as constraint-induced movement therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation, can stimulate brain plasticity, thereby improving motor function and decreasing disability. Other scientists are experimenting with implantation of neural stem cells, to see if these cells may be able to replace the cells that died as a result of a stroke.
*An ischemic stroke or "brain attack" occurs when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. When blood flow is interrupted, brain cells are robbed of vital supplies of oxygen and nutrients. About 80 percent of strokes are caused by the blockage of an artery in the neck or brain. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a burst blood vessel in the brain that causes bleeding into or around the brain.
**Functions compromised when a specific region of the brain is damaged by stroke can sometimes be taken over by other parts of the brain. This ability to adapt and change is known as neuroplasticity.
Where can I get more information?
For more information on neurological disorders or research programs funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, contact the Institute's Brain Resources and Information Network (BRAIN) at:
P.O. Box 5801
Bethesda, MD 20824
Information also is available from the following organizations:
Dallas, TX 75231-4596
Hanover, MA 02339
Bethesda, MD 20892-2540
Arlington, TX 76016
Rocky River, OH 44116
New York, NY 10021
Washington, DC 20005
Scottsdale, AZ 85252
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Centennial, CO 80112-3747
Conway, SC 29528
"Post-Stroke Fact Sheet", NINDS, Publication date September 2014.
NIH Publication No. 14-1846
Stroke fact sheet available in multiple languages through MedlinePlus
Back to Stroke Information
See a list of all NINDS disorders
Publicaciones en Español
Prepared by:
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892
NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.
All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.
via Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke


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Total revenue for the 14 clubs in the International Health, Racquet and Sportsclub Association's (IHRSA) "2011 Third Quarter Index" increased 8.4 percent as membership dues revenue and non-dues revenue improved by 6.7 percent and 12.2 percent, respectively, in third quarter 2011. Third quarter 2011 marked the sixth consecutive quarter of increased performance for the 14 U.S. health and sports club companies included in the index, according to IHRSA.
The index reports the financial performance of a sample of the commercial health club industry for the months of July through September. The 14 clubs, which are not identified, represent a total of 501 facilities and own/manage an average of 36 facilities (same-store count average of 15 facilities).
"The IHRSA Index sustained the momentum of strong performance over the first six months of 2011," said Jay Ablondi, IHRSA's executive vice president of global products. "In the third quarter, clubs saw the greatest improvements in total revenue, membership dues revenue and non-dues sales for the year."
Membership dues revenue came in at a mean of $28.1 million and a median of $5.2 million. Non-dues revenue came in at a mean of $11.4 million and a median of $2.4 million.
Membership accounts for the participating clubs grew by 6.1 percent for the quarter. EBITDAR improved by 10.4 percent, up from a company average of $13.3 million to $14.6 million.
Same-store facilities (clubs that have been in operation for at least two years) reported slightly lower increases in revenue and membership accounts. Total revenue grew by 1.4 percent ($11.8 million mean and $6.3 million median), while membership dues revenue grew by 0.9 percent ($8.3 million mean and $4.3 million median). Non-dues revenue increased by 2.1 percent ($3.5 million mean and $1.9 million median). Same-store total membership accounts remained relatively steady at an average of 46,000 accounts per company (0.5 percent increase).
"While the overall index has posted steadily improving performance, same-store clubs continue to record consistent metrics," said Melissa Rodriguez, IHRSA's senior manager of research. "In this economy, even steady to slightly improved performance bodes well for the future of the health club industry."
IHRSA cautioned that this data is intended to provide a snapshot of U.S. health club industry performance. The results are based on a small sample of companies, and care should be taken when making comparisons of these findings to the overall industry-at-large, the trade association for for-profit health clubs said. Industry Insights Inc. conducted the survey for IHRSA.


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Event Setup and Takedown Job
$56.00 estimated pay
Instructions and details
About Instawork Gigs
Instawork is the best place for hospitality workers to find temporary jobs on-demand. From Michelin-star restaurants to small coffee shops, Instawork makes it easy for bartenders, cooks, servers, dishwashers and other experienced hospitality workers to find work at local businesses and earn up to $30/hr on a flexible schedule. No interviews or paper resumes. Just book the gig in the app and show up to do the work. Se habla español.
An event set up/takedown role refers to a laborer whose primary responsibility is preparing for a larger scale event.
Event Setup and Takedown responsibilities:
Prepares all banquet space prior to events.
Tears down all banquet space after events.
Follows Banquet Event Orders with strong attention to detail.
Maintains a strong knowledge of various types of set-up.
Assists the banquet servers/captains with clearing of tables as needed.
Assists with all set-up functions to include setting silverware, draping tables, folding napkins and arranging centerpieces/décor.
Other reasonable duties as assigned.


text: Night of Writing Skills For students in the Assessment Year: Night of Writing Skills on Thursday, 24 October 2019, 6 - 10 p.m., in the Library Building 09 Writing your IAW paper? We are here to help! Presentations "Argumentation and Structure" 6.15 - 7 p.m. (German), room 09-011 7.15 - 8 p.m. (German), room 09-011 "Tips for successful research" 6.15 - 7 p.m. (German), room 01-U121 7.15 - 8 p.m. (English), room 01-U121 "Correct citations" 8.15 - 9 p.m. (German), room 09-011 8.15 - 9 p.m. (English),room 01-U121 Individual research advice in German and English from 6 - 10 p.m. Research experts will be on hand to answer questions at the library infodesk. Individual writing advice in German and English from 6 - 10 p.m. One-on-one meetings of 30 minutes each "under the cupola" in the library. Sign up with HSGcard starting at 5.45 p.m. at the stand in front of the library. Prepare your questions ahead of time and bring your paper with you! Organization: HSG Library and HSG Writing Lab, in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Sabine Seufert. Note: This event is being held specially for students in the Assessment Year. We look forward to seeing you there!


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After a devastating natural disaster compounded an already dire situation in the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation, Yogis all over the country are reaching out to provide assistance. Many are in the form of donation based classes meant to raise funds and awareness, and some are utilizing more creative ways like collecting used Yoga mats with the plan of sharing yoga with the victims of this tragic occurrence.
I am always uplifted by the eagerness and willingness of yogis to jump in during times of crisis and do anything and everything to lend a hand. So many yogis are driven, not by the analytical and often cynical mind, but by the compassionate depth of their hearts. For anyone on a truly spiritual path, I believe it is hard to sit idly by and observe the suffering of others without feeling compelled to help.
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So, yogis are donating the proceeds of their classes, and some indefinitely, like the Karma I and II classes at The Glowing Body Yoga Studio and Apparel in Knoxville, TN that is donating 100% of the proceeds to an organization called Hearts with Haiti. Over $1000 has be raised so far. Blue Lotus Yoga & Moving Arts in downtown Raleigh, NC raised over $6500 for the MercyCorps Haiti disaster relief fund through a weekend of fundraising in conjunction with the studio's three-year anniversary. Everyone is finding a way to help.
Some organizations are even collecting used yoga mats. One studio states that the used mats are being used to provide additional sleeping surfaces in overcrowded hospitals. But another site, using the same picture of the same sign, references a completely different organization. Project Haiti: Yoga 4 Trauma, started by Maggie Juliano of Sprout Yoga and Sue Jones of Yoga Hope are collecting yoga mats in an effort to provide "long term self-sustaining mind-body trauma recovery programs to aid those suffering the affects of the devastating earthquake in Haiti."
The goal of Project Haiti: Yoga 4 Trauma is to provide long-term self sustaining support to the survivors and relief workers of the Haiti Earthquake through the medium of yoga, which would begin only after the most basic survival needs have been met, and the rebuilding process has begun.
From the Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health, who has offered space to train those who will participate in the project, to Deepak Chopra who invited one of the founders to appear on his radio show, the Project for Haiti: Yoga 4 Trauma initiative is well supported. There is a small body of evidence that yogic and meditation practices can provide benefit in the aftermath of a natural disaster like the study of Tsunami survivors in Southeast Asia, and Project Haiti has high hopes of making an impact amidst the suffering and devastation.
Recently, my yogi friends and I were talking about what we could do as a community of committed yogis to have a well organized body that could mobilize the right things at the right time in events of crisis all over the world. The vision is an organization that could and would be an outgrowth of the ever-expanding yoga community and provide guidance and direction in times like these when yogis so greatly want to contribute goodness and light. There are organizations such as these already in existence under the auspicious of religious affiliation and non-profit service work, but with so many yogis compassionately driven to reach out in times like these, it seems like the only thing we are missing is a body of experts to tell us where to go and what to do.
Organizations, like Off the Mat Into the World and Karma Krew, are working to organize and respond in this way. Off the Mat Into the World has to date raised over $17,000 for Haiti relief. Both organizations are training volunteers in compassionate activism and "self-transforming" service, but are they providing the "nuts and bolts" logistical and cultural preparation to go into situations such as the one in Haiti and provide effective assistance? I don't know, but the likelihood is that they are moving in that direction. And as they refine their understanding of action in crisis situations, they will continue to be a resource for yogis to reach out and help all over the world.
Maybe the future of yoga outreach is also found within the yoga communities themselves. As the communities of specific styles and traditions grow, there is a possibility that the leaders of these communities will work to cultivate and support efforts to reach out into the world in ways that will be beneficial, well planned, and well timed. After all, yogis come in all backgrounds and flavors, from pilots to teachers, to nurses and doctors, to politicians. The resources to create and provide effective assistance are already there, all we need to do is provide a structure from which we can, as a community, reach out in a timely and efficient way.


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The Book of Revelation has defined the Christian concept of the Apocalypse, in terms of imagery and prophecy, more than any other book included in the Bible. For nearly 2,000 years, the final book of the New Testament has inspired some of Western culture's greatest paintings, music and poetry.
In her new book "Revelations: Visions, Prophecy and Politics in the Book of Revelation," Princeton University religious professor Elaine Pagels examines the Book of Revelation in context of the time it was written, in the first century during a Roman war against Jews, and who it was written by, a likely refugee from Jerusalem called "John of Patmos." Pagels also investigates why the book seems so different in tone and content than the rest of the New Testament and why the Book of Revelation has been so controversial, in light of interpretations and doomsday prophecies.
What are your thoughts about the Book of Revelation? Why is its authorship and content widely disputed?
Elaine Pagels, professor of Religion, Princeton University and the author of "Revelations: Visions, Prophecy and Politics in the Book of Revelation"
Elaine Pagels will be lecturing at the Getty tonight at 7:30 p.m.


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The Poison Spyder Grab Handle easily mounts to any roll cage tube and provides a safe grab handle to either help you get into the vehicle or hold yourself in place while bouncing down the trail. Universal fit for both bare cage tubes and padded cages. Made of high quality nylon webbing with Poison Spyder tag. Price is for two (2) Grab Handles.
Poison Spyder Customs has a heritage in hardcore off-road accessories that started when founder Larry McRae was little. McrRae's daddy use to load him up in the Ford Bronco to explore the off-road trails of the southwest. McRae became a professional rock crawler who raced for Nelson & Nelson Racing in the early 2000s. McRae purchased PSC from the Slay family and kept the vision of developing and fabricating high end quality off-road accessories right in the Pomona, California headquarters . McCrae and his wife are members of the Inland Empire 4 Wheel Drive club. McCrae himself is a Past President and Mrs. McCrae is a past Treasurer. Every product produced by PSC starts as a prototype tested on real trails by members of the club. Shop Poison Spyder Customs Now


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From his "Good Will Hunting" days to his infamous time as one-half of Bennifer to his quiet family life with wife Jennifer Garner, we've always had a soft spot for Ben Affleck.
The Academy Award-winning actor is currently working hard to cement his transition to esteemed Hollywood director with his latest film, "Argo," a political thriller based loosely on the true story of the rescue of six U.S. soldiers during the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis.
Gracing the cover of The Hollywood Reporter this week, Ben sat down with the mag to discuss the good and the bad in Hollywood biz, and it turns out this world-famous face is just your average 40-year-old dad to his three children.
U.S. & World
Find out why Ben Affleck is such a do-gooder
"There are so many decisions to be made, and it's more than you can get to each day," he says of trying to balance work and family life. "There is this underlying anxiety not just about getting the movie done but getting it done really well. It keeps my head spinning--even when I am giving the kids a bath. I can be giving them a bath or feeding them, and sometimes they say, 'Dad, pay attention!'"
He openly admits that his life is consumed by work and family, and he now chooses to spend his free time with Jen and their children--daughters Violet, 6, and Seraphina, 3, and 7-month-old son Samuel.
"Kids eat up that kind of hobby time," he admits. "I used to ride motorcycles. I used to play basketball. And now basically I'm at home with them, or I work."
Jennifer Garner talks Brangelina and Ben Affleck's "wonder sperm" with Ellen DeGeneres
Luckily, Ben has a lifelong partner in wife Jennifer Garner to lend a helping hand, and he can't help but gush over his beautiful wife of seven years:
"She truly is kind," he says. "She means no one any harm. She doesn't have ill will for any person. She's not competitive with other people. She's not spiteful," he shares with pride before adding, "It's one of those things where it becomes almost aggravating at times. Every time I go, 'F-- him!' I see in her face that she just thinks that's petty and small."
The filmmaker credits his wife with being a major support system, and it may come as a surprise that he still keeps in touch with ex-Jennifer Lopez, as well as Gwyneth Paltrow and his high school girlfriend, Cheyenne Rothman:
Ben and Jen share a red carpet kiss!
"We don't have the kind of relationship where she relies on me for advice," he says of J.Lo, "but we do have the kind of relationship where there'll be an e-mail saying, 'Oh, your movie looks great.' I remember when she got "American Idol." I said: 'This was really smart. Good luck.' I touch base. I respect her. I like her. She's put up with some stuff that was unfair in her life, and I'm really pleased to see her successful."
Although Ben appears to have aged with a unique Hollywood grace, he does admit that turning 40 was tough (remember, Blake Lively made him feel old!) for the A-list star:
"It was not fun for me," says Affleck of the milestone age. "It's this moment of bifurcation between youth and middle age. One wants to think of oneself as young. One does not want to think, "Wait a minute! How can I be halfway to death?'"
Find out how Blake Lively made Ben Affleck feel old
Even though Ben might feel like he's getting old (his looks certainly aren't fading!), we bet his bromance with Matt Damon gives the dude a youthful glow:
"[Matt and I] see each other almost too often," Affleck admits of his friendship with Damon. "I wonder if his wife is thinking, 'Is he really going to come over every night?'"
Aww, talk about one of the coolest Hollywood hunks in the biz! We're officially Ben Affleck lovers for life.
Ben and Jen aren't the only ones...see more famous families!


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Reyes to return from disabled list Wednesday
ST. PETERSBURG -- Jose Reyes is set to rejoin the Blue Jays in time for their series finale against Tampa Bay on Wednesday afternoon.
Toronto announced late Monday night that Reyes will be activated prior to Wednesday's game. A corresponding roster move is not expected to be made until around the same time.
General manager Alex Anthopoulos made the trip to Triple-A Buffalo on Monday night to watch Reyes play for the Bisons and must have liked what he saw. Anthopoulos gave the green light to activate Reyes from the 60-day disabled list and get him back into the Blue Jays' everyday lineup.
"He's not limited in anything that he can do, not hobbling at all," Blue Jays manager John Gibbons said earlier Monday afternoon. "He's swinging the bat, stole a base. Basically, he has come so far, but as far as actually playing games, it hasn't been that long -- just trying to build that up."
Reyes has been out since he suffered a severely sprained left ankle while stealing second base in Kansas City on April 12. He was originally ruled out until the All-Star break but recovered quicker than anticipated and had his timeline moved up to the end of June.
With Anthopoulos in the stands, Reyes went 2-for-4 with a pair of singles and an RBI while playing all nine innings at shortstop for Buffalo on Monday night. The Dominican native finished his rehab .414 (12-for-29) with a double and six runs scored in seven games for Class A Dunedin and Buffalo.
Reyes is expected to resume his spot at the top of the Blue Jays' lineup on Wednesday. The likely scenario would then see current leadoff hitter Melky Cabrera drop down to fifth, while Jose Bautista, Edwin Encarnacion and Adam Lind remain where they are.
The Blue Jays had their 11-game winning streak snapped with a 4-1 loss to Tampa Bay on Monday night, but despite the positive stretch, it's clear that Reyes will add another dynamic piece to their lineup. Reyes is a career .293 hitter with a .343 on-base percentage and 415 stolen bases in parts of 11 seasons at the big league level.
Toronto will have a tough roster decision to make prior to Wednesday's game. Infielder Munenori Kawasaki could be the odd man out after filling in for Reyes during the four-time All-Star's 66-game absence. Kawasaki is hitting .225 with a .337 on-base percentage and seven stolen bases this season.
Another scenario at the Blue Jays' disposal is to drop a reliever. Toronto currently has an eight-man bullpen with just a three-man bench. The candidates include left-hander Juan Perez and right-hander Dustin McGowan, but both pitchers are out of options on their contracts and would be exposed to waivers prior to being sent down.
Right-hander Neil Wagner also could be a possibility. He has an option remaining on his contract and could be sent to Triple-A Buffalo without the risk of having another team pick him up.


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Action Evangelism provides the opportunity for you to broadcast worldwide through WATV Online Radio Network. WATV also broadcasts in full HD television on Roku, Amazon Firestick and Goggle Chromecast. Launch your own 24/7 WATV channel with our WATV network. View and subscribe to AE media on our YouTube. Channel. Follow and subscribe to AE's Kingdom Business Blog
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Write your own "Living Commentary" of the entire New Testament chapter by chapter through KLU's Two year Accredited degree program. Learn the keys to kingdom through our kingdom business courses. This is your place to discover your destiny. KLU is accredited, affordable and accessible. Take your entire KLU education on your smart phone, laptop or tablet. Attend "Live" classrooms online or in your community where there is a local campus.
World Vision
"I believe the Gospel of the Kingdom is the End-time message of authority and power. In Matt 24:14, Jesus said, "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come." I also believe this could be the generation that completes the Harvest, fulfilling the Great Commission of Matthew 28:18-20. ~ Dr. Jerry Brandt, Founder & President If you would like to join our WORLD EVANGELISM ASSOCIATION go here.
Your opportunity to invest in a ministry taking the gospel of the kingdom to the nations. Become a monthly partner by investing your resources in a vision that has over 50 years experience. With KLU campuses in 19 nations equipping nationals, MAT (Ministry Action Teams) going to unreached villages taking "SMART PHONES" , your giving will be highly valued and wisely used.


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Bare Wednesday's
Wed, Jul 1, 2020
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Bare Pool Lounge
3400 S. Las Vegas Blvd.
Las Vegas, NV 89109
Event Description
Go on a poolside escapade in the intimate surroundings of BARE Pool Lounge. Set in the seclusion of the Strip's favorite backyard, this adults-only playground features full-service bar, poolside menu, European-style sunbathing, live DJ's spinning and the hottest staff in Las Vegas


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Former Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland A's pitcher Bob Welch, the last Major League Pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season, died Tuesday at age 57, the A's and Dodgers organizations said Tuesday.
Welch died Monday night at his home after suffering a heart attack, according to a Dodgers statement.
"The Los Angeles Dodgers are saddened to learn of the passing of Bob Welch," Dodgers president and chief executive officer Stan Kasten said. "He was one of the greatest competitors to wear the Dodger uniform."
In a 17-year career with several highlight moments, one of the earliest came as a Dodgers rookie in 1978 when he struck out the legendary Reggie Jackson, then playing for the Yankees, in the top of the ninth inning during Game 2 of the World Series. Welch finished with 115 wins for the Dodgers and won a World Series with the team in 1981.
U.S. & World
The day's top national and international news.
"Dodger fans will always remember his confrontation with Yankee great Reggie Jackson in Game 2 of the 1978 World Series," Kasten said.
The two-time All-Star posted a 27-6 record in his Cy Young Award-winning season with the A's in 1990. He spent the 1988 through 1994 seasons with Oakland after nine seasons in Los Angeles.
"We are deeply saddened by the sudden passing of Bob Welch," said A's president Michael Crowley. "He was a legendary pitcher who enjoyed many of his best seasons with the Oakland A's. He will always be a significant part of our franchise's history, and we mourn his loss. We send our greatest sympathies to his family and friends."
Welch won the 1989 World Series title as a member of the A's. He finished his playing career with a 211-146 record and ERA of 3.47 before becoming a pitching coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks.
He is survived by his sons Dylan, 25, and Riley, 23, and by daughter Kelly,18, and former wife Mary Ellen. Memorial services are pending.


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Speaking at a vigil for families of the victims and other students at Sandy Hook Elementary School, President Barack Obama says: "God has called them all home.For those of us who remain, let us find the strength to carry on." Watch his entire speech.
Updated at 12:05 a.m. ET: President Barack Obama, the father of two daughters, brought "the love and prayers of a nation" Sunday to the people of Newtown, Conn., in an emotional address at an interfaith vigil after he visited with the parents of the 20 boys and girls who were killed Friday in their elementary school classroom.
Police said Adam Lanza, 20, killed his mother before driving to Sandy Hook Elementary School, where he killed the children and six other women before committing suicide Friday.
"Newtown, you are not alone," the president said. "As these difficult days have unfolded, you have also inspired us with stories of strength and resolve and sacrifice."
The auditorium filled to its capacity of about 900 well before the vigil got under way. Hundreds more streamed into the gymnasium, which was used for overflow.
Obama spoke from a simple podium adorned with the presidential seal, which was set up before a plain black backdrop on a black stage. The only other color was provided by the U.S. and Connecticut flags standing in the background and a small table bearing 26 small white votive candles, one for each of the victims at the school.
Saying society would be judged by how well it fosters its children, the president said: "We're all parents. And they're all our children. This is our first task: caring for our children.
Watch the entire interfaith vigil for Connecticut shooting victims, including President Obama's speech.
Obama asked whether America was doing enough and bluntly concluded: "No. And this must change."
"We can't tolerate this any longer," he declared. "These tragedies must end."
The president challenged the audience asking: "Are we prepared to say that we're powerless in the face of such carnage? That the politics are too hard? Are we prepared to say that such violence visited on our children year after year after year is the price of our freedom?"
He vowed to "use whatever power this office holds to engage our citizens ... to save another child or another parent or another town" the anguish of Newtown.
Obama vows action on gun violence: 'These tragedies must end'
The president concluded by reciting the names of all 20 children who had been killed and asked God to bless them "with His holy comfort."
A White House official said Obama, who made no comment as he left the White House, personally wrote most of his planned remarks. He was accompanied aboard Air Force One by Reps. John Larson and Rosa DeLauro, both D-Conn.
In churches and stadiums, Americans mourn school shooting victims
The president was like thousands of other parents who have been drawn to Newtown from all over the country after the shootings.
"We can always pray for the goodness of people to just come out and try to bury this evil that's happened and hug our children a little better," Terry Polvay of Newtown said Sunday.
At My Place, a nearby restaurant, about three dozen people gathered to watch the vigil.
"I thought that Obama ... connected," said Aaron Urbain, 48, who works in information technology and has lived in Newtown for six years. "The messages were all togetherness ... and I found comfort in that."
Afterward, the restaurant staff asked to hold a moment for all of the victims as well as the alleged shooter's mother, Nancy Lanza, who was a regular at My Place.
"Nancy was known by everybody because she was a nice person," said Carlos Diaz.
Miranda Leitsinger, Tom Winter and Jay Gray orosebudf NBC News contributed to this report.
The parents of two students who survived the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary speak with TODAY's Lester Holt about how their children are coping.
More content from NBCNews.com:
- Conn. school victims all shot multiple times, chief medical officer says
- Mom of suspected school shooter was avid gun enthusiast, friend says
- Newtown mourns: Candlelight vigils, Beanie Babies and a lot of tears
- Victims: Daring principal, fun-loving teacher, 6-year-old twin brother
- Lives saved by teachers, custodian and even kids


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At JSA Accounting we are committed to forming close partnerships with our clients, enabling us to understand your unique situation.
View our handy online tools and resources featuring key dates, tax facts, useful links and online calculators.
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From the Mailbox is this beautiful comment:
btw you can e-mail me when science finds the missing link at firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you for the beautiful comment, anonymous commentator. I was going to happily email it to your email address, but I figured you'd rather read about it on Observation Deck. So here you go.
Where does the term "the missing link" come from?
Like most great ideas that are actually wrong, "the missing link" comes from the ancient Greeks. Plato believed in a great chain of being: that there are absolute hierarchies of the universe wherein divinity is above humans, humans are above animals, animals are above plants, and plants are above non-living things. The earliest attempts to categorize animal life, which as far as we know are those of Aristotle, used this framework for thinking. There were higher and lower animals, and humans were, obviously, way way higher than even the highest of animals. Because we can sit around all day and make up ideas about how things work. Raptors never spent time doing that, so they're obviously less awesome.
This great chain of being got absorbed into early Christian theology/natural history as the scala naturae, and theology/natural history didn't really do much for ... about 2000 years, even though Leonardo da Vinci came up with an explanation for fossils. (Seriously. And it wasn't the wrong answer.) In the 18th and early 19th century CE, two very influential natural historians both used the scala naturae in their very different studies on the natural world. Linnaeus used it, complete with theological implications, in his organization of known species of plants and animals. Hierarchies are all over the place because Linnaeus believed that the Intelligent Designer (...which, back then, everyone just called God) had deliberately created categories of life and that the purpose of natural history was to discern these categories. If you learned anything about Kingdoms or Phyla or Orders in biology class, you have Linnaeus's belief in the scala naturae to blame for it, because he very literally could not make sense of the natural world without thinking that it was divinely ordered into very delineated organizations.
A very different early 19th century natural historian used the scala naturae to promote a very different idea, because he was French. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a pre-Darwinian evolutionist who gets made fun because he said that giraffes get longer necks because they try to hahaha what an idiot EXCEPT that he lived during a time where people thought bacteria spontaneously generated out of mud so honestly for the time he wasn't that dim.
Hey wait isn't that what evolution contrarians think evolution says is true? That life should be being formed out of non-life all the time?
Yeah, isn't that weird? Evolution contrarians think modern evolution says something from the 1680s.
Anyway. Lamarck accepted the scala naturae, but he made two giant departures from most previous natural historians. Firstly, he thought that these categories could be transcended: he thought that plants and animals could move up the great chain of being. Not all animals and plants were moving up the same chain... the best analogy is to imagine a row of ladders that every organism, alive now, has been moving up, and for which every step up the ladder represents a succession of species from least to most advanced. Secondly, since there are both very primitive and very advanced forms of life still present (literally no one knew this until the 1680s when microscopes were first used) that must mean that the most primitive forms of life are being created all the time from , and what separates (for example) man from (for example) monkeys is that monkeys haven't evolved for as long as man.
Hey wait isn't that what evolution contrarians think evolution says is true? That monkeys have been evolving for less time than man?
Yeah, isn't that weird? Evolution contrarians think modern evolution says something from the 1800s.
While not very good at convincing people that species could transmute into other species, Lamarck's writings were influential in many ways, particularly because popular accounts of his writing spread out. The 19th century was really the first in which popular science as we understand it existed, because a middle class capable of having leisure time to bother reading popular science existed. Fossil discoveries by amateur natural historians and professional proto-paleontologists showed that there used to be life on Earth that apparently was not around today. One of the people who used fossils to argue for an Earth older than any natural historian had ever before claimed was Charles Lyell. He helped found modern geology and for much of the 19th century he was very popular in both scientific and public scientific literature. And he's credited with the first English usage of the phrase "the missing link"-
...in an image of a geological column, in an 1851 publication. In describing how two rock units of Ages X and Z must be missing a rock unit of Age Y from in-between, he referred to that missing rock as a missing link:
A break in the chain implying no doubt many missing links in the series of geological monuments which we may some day be able to supply.
To be extra confusing, in an 1863 publication, he proposed that human ancestry must be very far in the geological past, and that the linkage between humans and non-humans was, as of that time, missing.
So an evolutionist came up with the term "the missing link"!
If by "evolutionist" you mean "guy raised as a creationist who was struggling with evolution's implications", then, yeah. Darwin and his colleagues were, privately, pissed about Lyell's comment because they felt that it didn't help them out at all. Lyell, like many religious people 151 years later, had problems with accepting that humans had evolved from anything: he saw an enormous gulf between humans and non-humans. He, unlike religious people of today, had two great excuses for thinking this. Firstly, he was raised and taught that the scala naturae was a real thing, and secondly there were zero fossils at the time exhibiting the transition between humans and non-humans.
The only other scientist of the 19th century who really discussed "the missing link" in relation to evolution was Ernst Haeckel. In 1868, in a text which got translated into multiple other languages, Haeckel claimed that humans were the final or current stage in an evolutionary process of 22 steps, of which the 21st was...missing.
So an evolutionist used the term "the missing link"!
In Haeckel's case, yes, totally. But Haeckel's ideas weren't accurate. He still had been raised in the scala naturae mindset and he still was thinking in those terms as well. In addition, he had a concept of phylogeny through ontogeny that no one today thinks is accurate. In addition, when he first used the word... there were still zero fossils at the time exhibiting the transition between humans and non-humans. He embraced "the missing link" as a hypothesis that was in need of testing; that some form of animal would be found that would be not-quite-human but not-quite-non-human.
So "the missing link" is a pre-evolutionary concept only used in reference to evolution by two scientists, one of whom was a Christian struggling to understand evolution and the other of whom used it as a term indicating an as-of-yet undiscovered fossil record of human transitional fossils?
So when evolution contrarians ask for "the missing link" they are asking for something that was antiquated as soon as human transitional fossils were found?
Right, when they got found in 1891, that's when "the missing link" became something no evolutionary scientist was asking for. Once "the missing" link got found, congratulations, it's not missing anymore.
So why'd it become entrenched in popular culture?
The heck if I know, but part of the reason why is that the popular culture, including science fiction and fantasy, immediately jumped onto it, back in the 1860s. A lot of our "Stone Age" popular culture ideas started back then: Jules Verne's 1864 Voyage au centre de la Terre included a "man-ape" creature who was not civilized like man but wasn't as brutish as ape. A hundred years later The Flintstones were still showing this bizarre "missing link" between apes, which lack record players entirely, and ourselves, who have record players not powered by animals.
What, if anything, is scientifically accurate about "the missing link"?
Uck. Not much. It's one of those phrases that makes me die a little inside, like "homeopathic medicine".
1. Among life present today, there is no such thing as a more or less evolved species. Everything alive today has been evolving for at least 3 billion years. It's ...kinda... accurate to say that an animal living in the past is "less evolved" than a modern animal, but it still sounds weird, because...
2. Evolution isn't a progressive process.
Unlike what Lamarck might have told you, evolution is not a railway. It's a diverging and only-partially-predictable process in which there's no guarantee that a species present at Time 1 will have a "better" descendent species in Time 2. The only way in which a species at Time 2 will be "better" is that it will have survived for longer.
3. The kiwi bird is NOT a direct descendent of "the" Tyrannosaurus rex. What the heck, Sebastien Millon. You apparently are not the mayor of science town, because...
4. Evolution isn't
a pit a ladder, evolution is a series of dichotomies.
Unlike what Lamarck might also have told you, a species does not evolve into a species into a species. Sometimes that process is what occurs (as the process of anagenesis), but other times a single parental species splits into two species (as the process of cladogenesis). This series of dichotomies is what gives rise to the hierarchy that Linnaeus, in his wisdom, saw: that some organisms are more closely related to one another than to other organisms. Life is... mostly... sorted like matroyshkas, in which categories are found within other categories.
5. Every fossil species is, until proven otherwise, a transitional fossil.
Transitional fossils are the closest thing in accurate scientific terminology to "missing links". They're fossils that show primitive traits and advanced traits. But every fossil species found is, unless it can be shown to be the last in a lineage, a transitional fossil. The only fossils that aren't transitional are those of the last species in a lineage.
Mammuthus primigenius? Not a transitional fossil: it doesn't show have any relationship to a later, more derived, animal. Smilodon fatalis? Not a transitional fossil, same reason. Australopithecus sebida? Probably a transitional fossil, since it shows a relationship to a later, more derived animal, namely, us.
How many fossils have to be ignored in order to claim that "the missing link" is still missing?
A couple thousand of them. There is literally more fossil evidence that humans evolved from non-humans than there is fossil evidence that Tyrannosaurus rex is a thing.
So if a person claims "the missing link" hasn't been found, they should be intellectually consistent and say that Tyrannosaurus hasn't been found?
Exactly. You can't be intellectually consistent unless you either deny, or accept, both hominin fossils and Tyrannosaurus.
Acknowledgements: Snarky tone of article of course inspired by Rob Bricken's fantastic FAQ series. Anonymous commentator, thank you for your fantastic unwillingness to actually talk with people you were willing to insult. I hope that this is not the atheist equivalent to a Westboro Baptist Church sermon, because those sermons are boring.


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The league did not disclose for what play Johnson was fined.
Saskatchewan Roughriders' Micah Johnson fined by Canadian Football League
Saskatchewan Roughriders defensive tackle Micah Johnson has been fined an undisclosed amount by the CFL for a high hit on Winnipeg Blue Bombers quarterback Chris Streveler.
The hit occurred midway through the first quarter of Saturday's game in Winnipeg, won 35-10 by the Blue Bombers.
Johnson received a roughing the passer penalty for a hit on Streveler that extended the Blue Bombers' first drive of the game and put them on Saskatchewan's 13-yard line. The Bombers would score a touchdown on the drive.


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Eleven Deals for Under $10
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THE S&P IS ON SALE, AND THERE ARE BARGAINS TO BE had among the stock market's lowest-priced issues. To find them, Barron's first screened the Standard & Poor's 500 for stocks trading below $10 a share -- a group that currently numbers roughly 80 issues, or 16% of the index. Most are down more than 50% this year, amid the worst bear market in years.
To separate the potentially troubled from the merely cheap, we then screened for companies likely to increase earnings per share -- even if only by a penny -- in 2009. And, to weed out the dangerously debt-encumbered, we looked for companies with long-term obligations of less than 50% of total capitalization. You'll find the "survivors" -- an eclectic 11 -- listed nearby.
The list contains four telecommunications and technology stocks: Motorola, Tellabs, Compuware and Jabil Circuit. It also includes two food-related issues -- poultry producer Tyson Foods and Starbucks -- and a healthcare play, Boston Scientific. Genworth, a financial-services concern spun out of General Electric (ticker:GE) in 2004, at a far loftier $19.50 a share, makes the cut, as well, along with former highflier Southwest Airlines. Rounding out the group are Eastman Kodak and Interpublic Group, the advertising agency.
It's easy to see why Kodak is in the single digits; its shares fell about 9% last week, and were trading around 6.60 after the once-mighty film giant withdrew its 2008 guidance for sales and operating earnings, its second warning in six weeks. Kodak has failed to keep pace in a market dominated by digital photography, and cited a weak dollar and global recession for its current troubles. Analysts thought the company could earn 26 cents a share next year, atop earnings of 17 cents this year. Now they expect it to earn 20 cents in 2009.
Still, Kodak's no candidate for a government bailout. It has whittled long-term debt to about 22% of total capital, and generates enough cash to pay a dividend of 50 cents a share, for a yield of 6.9%. The stock looks expensive at 33 times the revised "09 forecast, but sells for less than half book value of $16.30 per share.
Motorola is another investment has-been, with shares down 74% this year to a recent 4.22. Standard & Poor's cut the company's credit rating earlier this month to junk status, and two analysts reversed their 2009 profit outlooks to an expected loss, given the steep decline in demand for Motorola cellphones. Yet, long-term debt equals only 21% of total capital, and the next payment isn't due until November 2010, notes a research report from Broadpoint AmTech, a NewYork firm. Broadpoint has a 12-month price target of $10.
NO STOCK ON OUR LIST HAS FALLEN more than Genworth, the biggest initial public offering of 2004. Shares have crashed 90% in 2008 alone, to 2.58. Genworth sells mortgage insurance, annuities and reverse mortgages, which act as home-equity loans for seniors. Profits have been hurt by loan defaults, scarce credit and investment losses, but fees from annuity and investment-advisory businesses should put a floor under earnings. Profits peaked in 2007 at $3.07 a share; analysts are projecting a drop of 35% this year, and a gain of about 5% next year.
Among other tech and telecom names, software producer Compuware is down 30% this year, compared with a 45% drop for the application-software sector. Compuware, which trades around $6 and operates on a fiscal year, could generate earnings of 57 cents a share for the 12 months ending March 2009, up 6% from fiscal 2008's results. It could generate free cash flow of 82 cents a share, according to Thomson Reuters.
Jabil Circuit, which reports quarterly earnings this week, could see profits jump 4% for the fiscal year ending in August, to $1.16 a share. Analysts are penciling in $1.36 for fiscal "10. Jabil, based in St. Petersburg, Fla., serves various end markets, and its customers include Cisco Systems, IBM and Nokia. The shares are down about 55% this year, to 6.81, and sell for six times "09 estimates.
Analysts expect Tellabs, another company on our list, to boost 2009 earnings by only a penny a share, to 19 cents. Of greater comfort: The company hasn't a smidgen of long-term debt. Tellabs' shares have fallen 40% this year, to a recent $3.91 apiece. The Naperville, Ill.-based outfit has been hurt by the weak market for telecom equipment.
THANKFULLY, AS A RECENT New Yorker cartoon put it, there are still people funneling retirement money into double lattes. Not that it's helped Starbucks, whose stock has fallen 53% this year, to about 9.50. Barron's penned a positive piece on the Seattle company in September ("Something Good Is Brewing," Sept. 29, 2008), when the shares were at 15, and we continue to applaud steps management is taking to boost sales and profits.
But folks aren't spending their 401(k) money on chicken, to judge from Tyson Foods' nosedive, to around $7 a share from about 19.50. Yet, even as rival Pilgrim's Pride struggles in bankruptcy court, Tyson expects higher earnings in fiscal "09 and "10. The fiscal year ends in September.
Airline shares have been pummeled of late, including Southwest Airlines, which is down about 35%, to $7 and change. But next year's earnings could rally 50%, according to analysts, and the company's balance sheet looks healthy. Ditto for Boston Scientific, which faces harsh competition in its bread-and-butter business, cardiac stents, but still expects to show profit growth in 2009.
To be sure, some of the stocks that made our list -- like Interpublic -- look riskier than those that missed it by a whisker -- like Time Warner (TWX). Analysts are still expecting Interpublic to post a one-cent gain in earnings in 2009, which is shaping up as a killer year for advertising spending. Time Warner fell off the list because Wall Street expects earnings to decline next year, but the shares look cheap at 10 times "09 estimates of $1.06 a share.
Harry "Hersh" Cohen, co-manager of Legg Mason Partners Appreciation Fund, ignored Wall Street's 2009 estimates when he screened this fall for $10 stocks. Cohen advises buying a basket of bargain-priced shares, since some might quintuple and some double, and "you can't predict which ones will go out of business."
We can't, either. But at least the average stock on our list costs less than two lattes.


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Garman chosen as state Supreme Court chief justice
SPRINGFIELD -- Justice Rita Garman, who has served longer on the bench in Illinois than all but one sitting judge, was named Thursday as the next chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court.
The 69-year-old Danville Republican, who said male professors admonished her for attending law school only to find a husband and who began her career as a $90-a-week attorney for the Vermilion County Legal Aid Society, will replace Chief Justice Thomas Kilbride, a Democrat whose term ends Oct. 25.
A judge since 1974, Garman was unanimously elected by her colleagues on the seven-member court. She will become the first of the state's top jurists to serve in virtually every judicial capacity on circuit, appellate and Supreme courts.
In a news release, Garman said she will continue Kilbride's technology initiatives to keep the public better informed and said, "I will place particular emphasis on judicial education because the public is best served by judges whose knowledge is current and wide-ranging.
"And I will do all that I can to encourage civility and ethical conduct among the members of the bench and bar because we all serve the public best when we put our egos aside."
Kilbride was known for pushing technological advances in the court system, including a pilot project allowing cameras in Illinois trial courtrooms.
Garman has focused on the needs of children by urging the creation of the Special Committee on Child Custody Issues to ensure that custody cases first consider the well-being of children involved.
The court, on which Democrats outnumber Republicans 4-3, elects chief justices for three-year terms and typically chooses the next senior justice who has not previously served in the top spot, regardless of politics.
Bill Black, a Danville Republican who formerly served in the GOP leadership in the Illinois House, said Garman is known for her "quiet, studious" manner, absence of ego and great sense of humor.
"She's not a headline-grabber," Black said. "She's a very, very thoughtful person."
When Garman was appointed in 2001 to fill a vacancy, she joined Chief Justice Mary Ann McMorrow, the high court's first female chief, who died in February at age 83. Garman was elected to a 10-year term in 2002 and was retained in 2012.
Garman said she grew up knowing she wanted to be a lawyer and was encouraged by her late parents. But as one of five women in a class of 100, she was sometimes chided by University of Iowa College of Law professors who thought she was taking up space that should go to a man.
"I was told, `You know you'll never practice law. You're just here to catch a husband,"' Garman recalled.


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WITH nights drawing in and temperatures dropping, autumn is well and truly here.
And that means that British Summer Time (BST) is about to come to an end for another year.
Every year, clocks go forward by an hour in the spring and turn back again in the autumn.
When does it happen in 2019?
In 2019, the UK will move back from BST to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) at 2am on Sunday, October 27.
Then it will be five months until we switch clocks forward again for the start of BST on March 31 next year.
Why do we turn clocks back and forward?
To make the best use of daylight, basically.
Turning the clocks forward by an hour began in 1916, during the depths of the First World War, a month after Germany brought in daylight saving measures to reduce its industrial demand for coal.
After the war, the move became permanent and since then the UK has changed its clocks forward for the summer to reflect the desire to have lighter evenings in the summer months for citizens to enjoy their leisure.
More time during the lighter, summer evenings allows people to play sports, get outside and enjoy the better weather after the typical working or school day is done.
Health experts suggest it is a strong weapon against childhood obesity as DST encourages youngsters to get outside in the fresh air and remain active into the evening.
What about the winter?
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents argues we should stick with BST year-round to ensure lighter evenings in the winter.
But many farmers, particularly in northern England and Scotland, are opposed to keeping BST through the year as they prefer to have lighter mornings to carry out their work.
If it was brought in permanently, children in higher latitudes would be going to school in the dark.
Some argue changing clocks twice a year is an unnecessary hassle.
Pic. Brian Lawless/PA
Could it change?
European MEPs have voted to scrap the twice-yearly clock changes.
Should governments agree, EU states will decide whether to stay on permanent "winter time" or "summer time" from 2021.
This would apply to the UK during any Brexit transition period.
In the UK Parliament, a Private Member's Bill to put the clocks forward an hour was talked out by opponents in 2012 and did not come into law.
In it, Jacob Rees-Mogg, Tory MP for North East Somerset, proposed giving Somerset its own timezone, 15 minutes behind the rest of the country.
It was his way of highlighting deficiencies he saw in the proposed bill.


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