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Millions rally in Egypt, responding to army call
Updated 10:59 PM ET
CAIRO Called out by the army, the largest crowds in 2 1/2 years of upheaval filled Egypt's streets Friday, while ousted President Mohammed Morsi was formally placed under investigation on a host of allegations including murder and conspiracy with the Palestinian militant group Hamas.
Morsi's supporters also showed no signs of backing down, though they turned out in vastly smaller numbers. The demonstrations in Cairo were mostly peaceful into the evening. But by late Friday night in Cairo, police fired tear gas to disperse hundreds of Morsi supporters near a sit-in they held for weeks, setting off clashes that lasted into early Saturday morning in a possible sign of a new intolerance for marches that block city streets. A field hospital doctor said seven protesters were killed and hundreds injured.
In the city of Alexandria, seven people were killed and over 100 were injured in clashes between supporters and opponents of Morsi, officials said.
The announcement by prosecutors of the investigation against Morsi, which is likely to pave the way to a formal indictment and eventually a trial, was the first word on his legal status since he was deposed by the military July 3. Since then, the Islamist leader has been held incommunicado in a secret location.
Both sides tried to show how much public support they enjoy. But the millions who turned out for the pro-army demonstrations overwhelmed the streets in multiple cities in Egypt, including some that rarely seen any rallies since the 2011 uprising.
Throngs of people turned out in Cairo's Tahrir Square and in other cities, answering a call by army chief Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi, who urged them to give him a mandate to stop "potential terrorism" by supporters of Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood.
Portraits of the smiling el-Sissi in sunglasses dominated the crowd in Tahrir and one near the presidential palace across town. Posters with his picture were emblazoned with the words "the love of the people," and demonstrators wore small photos of him around their necks or carried a picture of his face on an Egyptian one-pound note.
Security was heavy after el-Sissi vowed to protect the rallies from attacks by rivals. Tanks guarded one entrance to Tahrir and police were stationed at other parts.
"The army is here to protect the people. They don't lie," said Ezzat Fahmi, a 38-year-old in the crowd. He said el-Sissi called the rallies "so the entire world can see that the Egyptian people don't want the Brotherhood anymore."
El-Sissi's plea came at a time when the political standoff with Morsi's supporters showed no sign of resolution. Reporting from Cairo's Tahrir Square, CBS News correspondent Clarissa Ward reportedthat el-Sissi's call for rallies was being interpreted by many as the beginning of a major crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood.
Meanwhile, the allies of the toppled president have held a sit-in outside the Rabaa al-Adawiyah Mosque in Cairo and near daily rallies elsewhere in the capital for three weeks.
The rallies have often turned violent, with more than 180 people killed this month. The Morsi supporters and opponents blame each other for the bloodshed, and people in both camps have been seen carrying weapons.
The unrest, as well as claims that Islamist groups are stockpiling weapons and escalating attacks against troops in the Sinai, were used by the country's new military-backed rulers as a basis for demanding popular support.
The interim leader, Adly Mansour, told the private TV station al-Hayat that his government seeks to include everyone, but it will not accept lawlessness, blocked roads and attacks on state institutions. He urged the pro-Morsi protesters to go home, promising they won't be pursued or arrested.
- Egyptian military calls for protests
- Egypt's army seeks popular support to fight violence
- Morsi's family accuses military of kidnapping him
"I can't negotiate with whoever has committed a crime. But those who were duped or those who want to belong to Egyptian society, we welcome them," he said. But he added: "The state must interfere (against lawlessness) firmly."
Not long after the speech, police moved in quickly to break up a crowd of Morsi supporters marching on a main overpass in Cairo near the pro-Morsi sit-in, firing tear gas. Clashes with security forces ensued as protesters tried to extend their sit-in beyond the mosque into a main boulevard. Mahmoud Zaqzouq, a Brotherhood official, said a number of protesters had minor wounds.
Interior Minister Mohammed Ibrahim told a private TV station that the sit-in at the Rabaa mosque will be removed by legal means. He did not elaborate but said residents of the area have filed police reports against the encampment.
Police spokesman Hani Abdel-Latif told The Associated Press that 53 pro-Morsi supporters were arrested around Egypt on Friday in possession of weapons, ranging from knives to homemade guns.
El-Sissi deposed Morsi after four days of huge protests by millions of Egyptians demanding the removal of the country's first freely elected president following months of disagreements between him and the largely secular opposition.
The accusations against Morsi are connected to a prison break during the 2011 uprising against autocrat Hosni Mubarak. Gunmen attacked the Wadi el-Natroun prison northwest of Cairo, freeing inmates, including Morsi and about 30 other figures from the Muslim Brotherhood. The prosecutors allege Morsi and the Brotherhood worked with Hamas to carry out the break, in which 14 guards were killed.
Egypt's MENA news agency said Morsi was being investigated over allegations of collaborating with Hamas "to carry out anti-state acts, attacking police stations and army officers and storming prisons, setting fire to one prison and enabling inmates to flee, including himself, as well as premeditated killing of officers, soldiers and prisoners."
In recent months, a court in the Suez Canal city of Ismailia has heard testimony from prison officials and intelligence officers indicating Morsi and his Brotherhood colleagues were freed when gunmen led by Hamas operatives stormed the prison.
Morsi supporters called the investigation politically motivated. Muslim Brotherhood spokesman Ahmed Aref said the move showed "the complete bankruptcy of the leaders of the bloody coup."
Brotherhood officials have said they escaped when local residents broke into the prison to free their relatives and that they had no knowledge of it ahead of time.
Hamas has consistently denied any involvement in the jailbreak. A spokesman for the militant group, Sami Abu Zuhri, condemned Morsi's detention order as "an attempt to drag Hamas into the Egyptian conflict."
U.S. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki expressed deep concern about reports of Morsi's detention.
"I can't speak to the specific charges. But we do believe that it is important that there be a process to work toward his release," she said. "Clearly, this process should respect the personal security of him and take into account the volatile political situation in Egypt and that's where our focus is. We have conveyed publicly and privately that his personal security and treatment is of utmost importance."
MENA said Morsi has now been formally detained for 15 days pending the completion of the investigation. It did not say whether he would now be moved to a facility where he could receive family visits.
The head of the prison authority, Maj. Gen. Mostafa Baz, said he has not yet received orders for Morsi's transfer to any of his facilities. The news agency indicated that Morsi has already been interrogated.
Egyptian institutions lined up behind el-Sissi's call for Friday's pro-military rallies, reflecting the extent of antagonism against the Brotherhood's hold on power in the past year.
State TV and most of the private broadcasters showed the pro-army rallies in various cities around Egypt, including aerial footage provided by military helicopters. Nationalist songs and parts of el-Sissi's speech in which he called for support were played throughout the day.
On Friday evening, TV networks stopped running soap operas that are wildly popular during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. In a further show of support, church bells rang out during evening prayers when hundreds of thousands of protesters broke their Ramadan fasts. Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-Belbawi participated in the rally held outside the presidential palace.
A giant banner stretched across an entrance to Tahrir Square, the cradle of the 2011 uprising. It read: "The people, the source of all power, mandate the army and police to purge terrorism."
Three tanks guarded another street leading into the square, and helicopters swooped overhead.
"We have no parliament. Today is a quick referendum to support el-Sissi against the Brotherhood, whose members are terrorists," said Mohammed el-Shaer, who stood in Tahrir holding a portrait of the general in a golden frame. El-Shaer held the hand of his 10-year-old daughter, who was dressed in a military fatigues.
He called the rally a "popular referendum" on el-Sissi.
In eastern Cairo, tens of thousands of Morsi supporters at the Rabaa mosque sit-in chanted against el-Sissi and vowed to continue their push for the president's reinstatement. Others marched through some neighborhoods of Cairo.
Their rallies were mostly covered on TV by Al-Jazeera Mubasher Misr, and pro-Morsi activists emailed journalists videos and links to a live feed.
"When I first heard el-Sissi's call I was anxious," said 39-year-old Sayed el-Rawi, protesting outside the mosque. "But today, we saw that his speech encouraged more people to go down in the streets. ... They won't be able to break up the sit in."
The rival demonstrations are only deepening the country's divisions since Morsi's fall.
Clashes and fistfights broke out between both camps in Alexandria, with seven people killed and over 100 injured, according to health official Ibrahim el-Roubi. Some pro-Morsi supporters took cover inside a major mosque, leading to a standoff with opponents who besieged the place, locking them inside for hours.
Skirmishes also broke out in the Mediterranean coastal cities of Damietta and Mahalla, in the southern city of Luxor, and a Cairo neighborhood that left 64 injured, Health Ministry spokesman Khaled el-Khateeb and local security officials said.
It remains unclear what steps the military is planning after Friday's show of strength whether it would try to break up sit-ins by Morsi supporters or attempt to arrest more than a dozen Brotherhood figures who have warrants against them.
On the front page of the state-owned Al-Akhbar newspaper, the word "wanted" in English was plastered across photos of a number of Brotherhood leaders and allies who are facing warrants. Many of them are believed to be taking refuge at the Rabaa al-Adawiyah sit-in.
The prosecutors' announcement on Morsi also could signal a greater move to go after the Brotherhood in courts. Besides Morsi, five other senior figures from the group have been detained.
Hassan Mohammed, a 30-year old teacher who came from southern Egypt to join the pro-Morsi rally, remained steadfast.
"Even if we are going to die, me and my family, we won't leave this place before our president comes back. Even if it takes seven years. We are ready to be martyrs in the name of religion and the nation," he said.


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Plankton may take a more active role than we thought when it comes to removing inorganic carbon from the ocean's surface layers, according to new data collected off the coast of Hawaii.
Tracking the nutrients in ocean water revealed that chemicals needed for photosynthesis are transported from as deep as 250m below the ocean's surface. Scientists think that plankton may be grabbing these nutrients and riding currents back to the surface of the ocean, where they use the nutrients for photosynthetic processes.
Researchers noticed some time ago that the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, such as carbon dioxide and carbonic acid, often drop at the ocean's surface during spring and summer. They suspected the carbon was being incorporated by phytoplankton during photosynthesis; however, they couldn't make the relevant equations balance, as there were never enough nutrients (like nitrates) in the water to support all of the photosynthesis going on.
To get a better understanding of the situation, researchers took profiles of water columns near Hawaii over the course of 21 months. They noted that the nutrient concentrations were much higher deeper in the ocean, where it's too dark for photosynthesis to take place.
The scientists realized the nutrients must be transported upwards somehow, and there are many currents that carry deep water up to the surface and vice versa. But they couldn't figure out how the nitrates and carbon didn't end up trapped on opposites sides of a water current merry-go-round—if the nutrients came up on a current from the deep, that deep water should displace the carbon in the surface water. There's no obvious way for phytoplankton to have access to both materials at once.
The authors propose a model where that a small population of phytoplankton sink to the high-nutrient depths, and are able to snag the nutrients and ride up to the surface on currents, where they "detrain" and are able to perform photosynthesis with the light and carbon now available to them. This may be an active process, as the authors suggest that "buoyancy regulation" by the plankton might be involved. The researchers postulate that there are heavier phytoplankton migrations during the spring and summer, with a lower volume during the rest of the year.
Nature, 2010. DOI: 10.1038/nature09170 (About DOIs).


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i couldn't help but share these little gems of my lulu girl "helping" make the frosting for max's birthday cake. i started out letting her help stir, and next thing you know, i have a nakey baby on the counter taking charge of the whole thing. and the mess... if you can't beat 'em, join 'em. ;)
figuring everything out with three kids has been HARD. but these photos are just a little reminder of how sweet and beautiful my day to day life as a mother is. i could not be more thankful.
i just love this girl. what makes your life sweet? here's to hoping we each see it just a little bit more clearly today. xoxo


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OTTAWA — Canada voiced major concerns about other countries arming Syrian rebel groups last April and wanted the international community to push those same groups to limit themselves to "peaceful, non-violent protests," government documents show.
The warnings, contained in briefing documents prepared for Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird, show Canadian officials were worried that providing weapons to the Syrian opposition could lead to an escalation in the conflict, including divisions along religious lines and an increase in terrorist activity across the region
That, of course, is exactly what has happened.
The documents also show that despite strong statements calling for an end to President Bashar al-Assad's rule in Syria, Canadian initiatives within the war-torn country have faced setbacks over the past year.
In particular, the closure of Canada's embassy in Damascus last March hurt Canadian efforts to work with and support the often-fragmented opposition groups and activists working to oust the Assad government
Meanwhile, Foreign Affairs was left scrambling to find another way to get $2 million in emergency aid into the war-torn country after the government backtracked on its plan to channel the money through a little-known group this past summer.
The documents highlight the difficulties Canada and its allies have faced as they've tried to reconcile tough rhetoric with a reluctance to get more involved in an extremely complex and dangerous civil war.
On Friday, rebels were fighting with Syrian army forces in the capital, Damascus, while secular protesters at an anti-government rally scuffled with Islamist rebels who want to turn the country into a Shariah state.
These were only the latest developments in a nearly two-year uprising against al-Assad that has left an estimated 60,000 dead, hundreds of thousands displaced, and swaths of the country in ruin.
As recently as last April, Canada was warning Syria would continue to spiral into chaos if the international community didn't stop arming the rebels, and if it didn't discourage opposition groups from using violence to overthrow Assad.
"We are concerned that arming the opposition is resulting in the Assad regime stepping up its military assault on dissidents and could lead to sectarian conflict, or civil war, and increase the scope for terrorist activity in the region," read talking points prepared for Baird before a trip to the Middle East.
"We should encourage the opposition to limit itself to peaceful, non-violent protests to retain the moral high ground and the support of international public opinion."
Another note had Baird warning against "arming the opposition for combat against more numerous, better-equipped regime forces."
It appears Canada's warning fell on deaf ears as Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries continued providing weapons to Syrian rebels, effectively undermining any call for the opposition groups to focus on non-violent protests.
In fact, it was revealed just this week that the Pentagon was also in favour of the U.S. providing arms to the rebels, though U.S. President Barack Obama ultimately vetoed the proposal over concerns the weapons might end up in Islamist hands.
Houchang Hassan-Yari, a Middle East expert at the Royal Military College, described Baird's warning as "a kind of prophecy" given what is happening inside Syria now.
But he said it's impossible to say how things might be different if opposition groups hadn't been armed by foreign governments and hadn't decided to fight back instead of continuing non-violent protests.
"If the Saudis, Qataris and others did not give arms to the opposition groups, we would have seen more Syrian people killed," he said.
"By using the force, I don't want to say that Assad is legitimate and his war is legitimate, but he is branding everyone to be terrorists and agents of foreign forces to justify the killing of people."
Canada was one of the earlier supporters of efforts to unite and strengthen the nascent and fragmented Syrian opposition, contributing $1 million to the cause and encouraging groups outside Syria to work with those actively opposing Assad inside the country.
But in March 2012, Canada became the latest country to withdraw all diplomatic staff and shutter its embassy in Damascus because of the deteriorating security situation within the Syrian capital.
According to a briefing document prepared for Baird, that decision hindered Canada's ability to work with opposition groups inside Syria.
"Canada has engaged in significant outreach to the Syrian opposition and has helped to facilitate contacts with other members of the international community," the briefing note reads.
"However, outreach to opposition activists within Syria is limited due to concerns regarding their safety and is now very difficult since the closing of our embassy."
Even now, the Canadian government maintains concerns about the Syrian opposition, refusing to lend it more legitimacy until it sees proof the opposition will respect religious minorities and gender equality.
In addition, separate documents show Foreign Affairs officials struggling last August to channel $2 million in medical equipment and supplies into Syria after the government reversed its decision to give the money to a little-known Syrian-Canadian group.
Canadian Relief for Syria, which had only been in existence for a few months, was chosen in the hopes of supporting underground health networks providing aid to thousands of Syrians caught in the fighting.
But following days of questioning about CRS's history, the government reversed itself, sending officials on an ultimately unsuccessful search for another way to get the money into the country to support the underground networks.
In an undated note to Baird, officials wrote they had "reconfirmed that there are a very limited number of non-humanitarian channels available for the funneling of medical equipment and supplies into Syria."
Instead, the government ended up giving the money to the International Federation of the Red Cross — which Syrian activists had warned many people inside the country wouldn't be able to benefit from.
International Development Minister Julian Fantino pledged $25 million in additional Canadian aid to Syria last week, bringing Canada's commitments to $48 million.


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PLASMONIC EXCITATIONS IN NANOSTRUCTURES by Rodrigo Angelo Muniz A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHYSICS) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Rodrigo Angelo Muniz
Object Description
|Plasmonic excitations in nanostructures
|Muniz, Rodrigo Angelo
|Author email
|Doctor of Philosophy
|Document type
|Degree program
|College of Letters, Arts And Sciences
|Date defended/completed
|Date submitted
|Date approved
|Restricted until
|Date published
|Advisor (committee chair)
|Haas, Stephan W.
|Advisor (committee member)
Kresin, Vitaly V.
Bickers, Nelson
El-Naggar, Moh
Mak, Chi Ho
|The prevalent classical model of plasmonic calculations for nano-scale metallic clusters is based on the Mie solution. Which consists of solving Maxwell's equations with the material being represented by a dielectric function on its spatial location. However, such a semi-empirical continuum description necessarily breaks down beyond a certain level of coarseness introduced by atomic length scales. Even the bulk based model used for the dielectric function fails by itself. This limitation of the Mie solution has been established by a quantum mechanical calculation with self-consistent treatment of the dielectric response. ❧ In order to understand better the plasmonic excitations at nearly atomic scale, we explored the collective electromagnetic response of atomic chains of various sizes and geometries, and we also computed plasmons in graphene in the presence of an impurity. ❧ For the atomic chains, we calculated the plasmonic resonances as a function of the system shape, direction of the external applied field, electron filling and atomic separation. ❧ Their frequency, oscillator strength and spatial modulation of the induced charge density were analyzed. It was shown that longitudinal and transverse modes can be controlled in amplitude and frequency by the cluster size. It was also observed an abrupt dependence of the modes on the electronic filling. We also find that changes in atomic spacings have a very different impact on low-energy vs. high-energy modes. And it was seen that changing the position of a single atom in a nanostructure can completely alter its collective dielectric response. This strong sensitivity to small changes is the key to controlling the dielectric properties of atomic scale structures, and it can thus become the gateway to a new generation of quantum devices which effectively utilize quantum physics for new functionalities. ❧ For graphene it was shown that impurities induce the formation of nanoscale localized plasmonic excitations in graphene sheets. It was studied the dependence of these excitations on the magnitude and size of the impurity potential and electronic filling. It was shown that the impurity potential and doping can be used to tune the properties of nano-plasmonic excitations, demonstrating that graphene is an inherently plasmonic material. It was found that the chemical potential can be used to turn them on and off, but it does not affect their frequency. While their frequency and amplitude can be tuned by varying the strength of the impurity potential. The method employed for this calculation had not been seen before. In principle the results discussed can be tested experimentally by high-frequency optical probes or STM. ❧ These results showed that collective excitations in finite systems have properties different from their bulk correspondents. Since there is not a macroscopic number of electrons in the system, the variation of one single electron causes observable differences. The localized resonant modes are very sensitive to even small variations in the system, for example the position of a single atom. This makes it difficult to establish general rules about the properties of collective excitations in atomic structures. On the other hand it also provides a vast range of possibilities that can be explored for achieving new functionalities.
|plasmonics; linear response; graphene; nanostructures
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|PLASMONIC EXCITATIONS IN NANOSTRUCTURES by Rodrigo Angelo Muniz A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHYSICS) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Rodrigo Angelo Muniz


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Charles Chaw is the author of many business guidebooks and market research reports on China. His bestselling: "Manufacturing, Outsourcing and R&D in China" is the first rating guide on China's industrial parks across the country.
Began in 2000, he has researched, consulted and promoted China's most established industrial parks. Today, his rating on hundreds of industrial parks set the benchmarks for the sector and made available in Bloomberg BMART, FactSet, Standard & Poor's Capital IQ and Thomson Reuters Research Bank.
Under his leadership, the company has published hundreds of research reports covering more than 40 industries on China for over a decade.
Charles also appears regularly as guest speaker in numerous business channels with BBC Asia, CNBC, Bloomberg TV, Phoenix TV (Chinese), Channel News Asia, Russia TV 24 and Al Jazeera etc.
Leveraging on his extensive knowledge and experience on China's industrial parks development, he has produced a 5-episodes television documentary program titled: "Inside the World Largest Factory" in 2004, and another 6-episode: "Inside China Next Powerhouse" in 2007. Both programs were broadcast internationally in 4 languages.
Charles had worked with Deutsche Morgan Grenfell's investment banking unit and Cargill Financial Services Asia, the proprietary trading arm of Cargill Group prior founded China Knowledge.


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See Justin Bieber and Drake in the Studio Recording 'Right Here' + More
Justin Bieber gets together with his homeboy Drake to record 'Right Here' in the studio and more in this behind-the-scenes footage of the singer while he puts 'Believe' together.
The Biebs and Drizzy are dancing in front of the board, grooving to their song. They know they're making magic happen and their moves show it.
In the rest of the clip, the Biebs reveals that he likes to keep it light while in the studio, by playing ping pong and making sure to skateboard and hob knob with the Beliebers who undoubtedly find him even when he is recording.
Note: You may want to turn down the volume on your speakers when the Biebs takes off his shirt to skateboard on a half-pipe in front of his adoring fans several minutes in. They shriek at the fit singer, who says he is getting swaggy with his board.
There is also footage of him recording 'Die In Your Arms,' taking direction from the producers (about pulling back on a mic when recording) and noshing on catering. He calls out the song for its old school, Motown-like sound. Uh, yeah, we said that exact same thing in our review!
The Biebs is also swagging it on the basketball court for a photo shoot, does some intense some choreo, has a birthday cake in the studio, after recording 'Believe,' and generally gives Beliebers a glimpse into a few days in the life.
Watch Justin Bieber + Drake Recording 'Right Here' + More


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Item #9133
This handy Burgon and Ball tool with its narrow shape is great for lifting plants out of pots as well as transferring the seedlings into your garden. The small size is great for transplanting established plants for minimal to no disturbance of existing roots.
*The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international not-for-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 to promote responsible management of the world's forests. Its main tools for achieving this are standard setting, certification and labeling of forest products.
"The Widger enters the soil easier than a hand spade to get weed roots loose." - Z. A.
Item #9133
158.76 grams
Have you seen special germination instructions on the back of our seed packets? Don't worry! These extra steps are easier than you may…


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syngo.via for CT
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VELUX GGL 2070 Roof Window
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The original VELUX roof window, the centre-pivot roof window, has been tried and tested for many years. The new white painted finish with a discreet woodgrain matches perfectly with modern interiors.
VELUX centre-pivot roof windows offer excellent quality, versatility and value for money
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AdnaTest ER/PR-Detect
PCR expression analysis of hormone receptor genes for estrogen and progesterone in enriched tumor cells
The AndaTest ER/PR-Detect is an extension to AdnaTest BreastCancer and allows the molecular characterization of CTCs for estrogen and progesterone gene expression. The AdnaTest BreastCancerSelect is a highly specific immunomagnetic cell selection system for enrichment of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood. After immunomagnetically enrichment of circulating breast cancer tumor cells, AdnaTest BreastCancerDetect allows cDNA generation and AdnaTest ER/PR-Detect allows for sensitive analysis of estrogen and progesterone gene expression.
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AdnaTest ER/PR-Detect are intended for molecular biology applications. These products are not intended for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a disease.
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The AdnaTest ER/PR is a highly sensitive RT-PCR for the detection of hormone receptor-specific mRNA markers. The specificity of the detection is 90%. In spiking experiments, 5 tumor cells in 5 ml of whole blood were detected at a recovery rate of at least 90%.
AdnaTest technology uses an optimized combination of antibodies for cell selection in 5 ml whole blood and a combination of tumor-associated markers for the detection of tumor cells: EpCAM, CA15-3 (Muc1) and presence of Her2 receptors (optional detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors by AdnaTest ER/PR-Detect).
The AdnaTest uses a two-step process (Select and Detect) to generate results within 5 hours (see figures "AdnaTest workflow"). AdnaTest BreastCancerSelect enables the immunomagnetic enrichment of tumor cells from whole blood via epithelial- and tumor-associated antigens. Antibodies against epithelial- and tumor-associated antigens are conjugated to magnetic beads for labeling of tumor cells. Labeled cells are extracted by a magnetic particle concentrator (AdnaMag-L and AdnaMag-S), lysed and mRNA is then purified from these lysates (see figures "AdnaTest Select – Immunomagnetic cell selection with multiple tumor-associated antibodies labeled to magnetic beads"). In the second step, the isolated mRNA is transcribed into cDNA and can be amplified using multiplex PCR (see figures "AdnaTest Detect – Multiplex PCR of various cancer-associated tumor markers"). AdnaTest BreastCancerDetect contains Oligo (dT) 25-coated beads for the isolation of mRNA from the lysate of pre-enriched tumor cells. Reverse transcription results in cDNA that can subsequently be used as template for tumor cell detection and characterization by multiplex PCR. Multiplex PCR provides tumor-associated gene expression profiles for a variety of relevant tumor markers, ensuring that the selected cells are cancer cells. The PrimerMix ER/PR-Detect allows the amplification of the hormone receptor genes for estrogen, progesterone and one control gene (actin). The primers generate fragments of the following sizes:
Importantly, the AdnaTest is an open platform that allows the profiling of additional custom selected mRNA targets for comphrehensive biomarker discovery.
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LEGAL(redirected from legal medicine)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to legal medicine: forensic medicine
A computerized database maintained by the NYSE to keep track of enforcement actions, audits, and complaints against member firms. This term is not an acronym but is referred to in capitals.
A New York Stock Exchange data bank of enforcement actions, investor complaints, and member audits.
See legal investment.


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The Protagonists:
Abbey "How many ticks can I collect" Koerner
Todd "Sandbagger" Ragsdale
John "I'm gonna cut that switchback" Leuthold
Hal "Compression socks" Koerner
Ian "Wasn't this supposed to be an easy run?" Torrence
Aaron "Tort Claim" Brian and Scott "Where's the sun?" Jurek
Tim "Shiatsu massage" Olson
The Setting:
Applegate Lake, southern Oregon/Northern California, temps in the 50's, sun, no shirt necessary.
Views of the Red Buttes Wilderness Area, still looking cold, snowy and uninviting.
Tasty Single Track!
The Plot:
Running, 2 hours and 18 minutes.
Running, 17.6 Miles.
Running, averaging 7:54/mile on an assortment of trails, two track and roads.
The Curtain Call!
Re-introducing the Cast (l to r)Tim Olson, Aaron Brian, John Leuthold, Todd Ragsdale, Scott Jurek, Hal Koerner (not pictured: Ian Torrence and Abbey)
Your Moment of Zen:
A photo of a photo.
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
An Applegate Lake Bedtime Story...
Posted by Rogue Valley Runners at 6:54 PM
4 comments:
- Rennaker said...
- Wednesday, March 25, 2009 10:23:00 PM
- kate said...
- Thursday, March 26, 2009 5:23:00 PM
- Unknown said...
You guys are blessed for sure! Never take it for granted.
- Friday, April 03, 2009 11:36:00 AM
- saschasdad said...
Only 7:54 pace? Without the Skaggs boys and Tony, Ashland is getting soft.
- Friday, April 03, 2009 3:23:00 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Iran has tricked a web firm into issuing fake security certificates for Gmail, Skype, Hotmail and more.
Comodo Group, a US-based certificate authority firm with 15% of the market, admitted that one of its affiliate's accounts in Southern Europe had been hacked, letting the attackers create fake SSL security certificates for six websites.
Such digital keys let websites offer secure services, and fake versions could be used to spoof sites, gather login details and watch user activity.
The fake certificates target Microsoft's Live platform, Gmail and Google, Skype, Yahoo, and Mozilla Firefox extensions. The attack was quickly discovered, with the attacker still using the account when it was shut down.
Comodo's CEO Melih Abdulhayogl said the attack appeared to originate in Iran, as it would have required access to the country's DNS infrastructure. "We believe these are politically motivated, state-driven/funded attacks," he said in a blog post, adding it was the first such state attack he'd seen against the authentication layer of the web.
Phillip Hallam-Baker, principal scientist for Comodo, said the timing of the attack was no coincidence.
"It does not escape notice that the domains targeted would be of greatest use to a government attempting surveillance of internet use by dissident groups," he said in a blog post.
"The attack comes at a time when many countries in North Africa and the Gulf region are facing popular protests and many commentators have identified the internet and in particular social-networking sites as a major organising tool for the protests," he added.


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Photos Pakistani Villages.
Editor's Note: Rare black & white village life photos dating back to 1890s are in the last portion of this post.
Pakistan is an agriculture based country and most of the population lives in the rural areas. People living in the villages have their own way of life which is quite different from the city dwellers. Their life is simple, they have a cleaner pollution free environment and they eat simple, healthy and pure diet. In this segment, the real life in villages is shown through photos (Pics) . The life in rural areas and Pakistani villages is worth seeing.
A Woman Making Chappati (Roti/Phulka) in the Open
A Woman Preparing Lunch for Guests. Photo sent by Syed Zaheer Abbas.
A Typical Outdoor Kitchen in the Compound of a House in a Village
An Indoor Kitchen in a Pakistani Village House. Photo by Shahid Iqbal Burewala Trekkerz.
A Village House and a huge Tree
A Woman feeding Peacock at Mithi, Sindh
Two Women go towards a Pond to fetch Water in Thar Desert
A Typical Village House in Kundian, District Mianwali. Photo contributed by Asif Sultan Sikandar Kalyar.
A simple Village House. Photo by Zaheer Chaudry.
A Typical Pakistani Village. Look at the simple mud house. Villagers life is also very simple.
Beautiful View of a Village in Punjab
A Village House in Punjab
A Small Canal and a Bridge
A Beautiful Scene of a Village in Punjab
A Dera & 'Khoo' (Well) at the Canal Bank in Sultan Pur. The village Sultan Pur is located around 30-40 km from Sargodha towards Shah Pur side. Photo captured and contributed by Syed Zaheer Abbas.
A Village House in Punjab. A typical village house in Punjab with hand pump, tractor and cattle.
A Gali (Street) in a Pushtoon Village in Sanjavi, Baluchistan. Sanjavi, surrounded by the beautiful landscape of barren mountains lies on the Loralai – Ziarat Road. Photo by y uMa|r.
A Mud Hut and a Cart in a Fruit Garden in a Village
Wheat Crop is Ripe
Harvesting Wheat Crop in a Village. Villagers and their women folk are busy in harvesting the bumper wheat crop. They will try to immediately store or sell the wheat lest the untimely rain destroy the yield.
Stacks of Harvested Wheat Crop. Stacks of harvested wheat crop lying in the fields.
A Villager Thrashing Rice Stalks on a Drum . Obviously the poor farmer can not afford to hire a thrasher.
Wheat Crop with Mountains in the Background in a Village in Mianwali, Punjab
Gur (Raw Sugar) Being Made from the Sugarcane Juice
Gur (Raw Sugar) Prepared from the Sugarcane Juice
A Villager is Extracting Mustard Oil (Sarson Ka Tail)
A Villager on a Bicycle in Sunflower Fields
A Sunflower Field and a Donkey Cart on a Dirt Road
Two Villagers on Bicycles and a Girl with a Pitcher in Mustard Fields
A Village Farmer in the Lush Green Vegetable Fields
Wheat Crop: A farmer working in the wheat fields.
Sugarcane Crop. Ripe sugarcane crop in a Pakistani village.
Ready to be Picked Ripe Corn Crop
Tobacco Crop in Village Sehjokay, Tehsil Sambrial, District Sialkot. Photo taken on 17 May 2014 by Maj (R) Javed Arshad Khan Manj.
A Farmer is Harvesting Strawberries
A Peasant With His Rich Harvest of Brinjals (Eggplant)
Women Working in the Fields
A Village House during Rain.
Thirsty, But Disciplined, Goats and Lambs Drinking Water
A Village House in Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Animals are eating fodder in the compound and clothes are strung on the washing line.
A Village in Punjab. Every farmer has enough live stock to cater for his family's need and also sell the surplus milk to earn some money.
Cattle (Live Stock) in a Typical Village in Punjab
Buffaloes in a Village
A Farmer Having Lunch in the Fields
Two Villagers Smoking Huqqa in the Fields
Farmers Relaxing and Smoking Huqqa
An Old Man Smoking Huqqa near his Live Stock
A Villager is Smoking Huqqa While Riding on a Bicycle
Shepherds with Their Herd of Sheep
Village Shepherds Relaxing on Charpoys
A Village Milkman with his Milk Pots and Bicycle
Milking a Buffalo
A Traditional Bricks Kiln-October 2010. Along New Bypass Mangla. Photo by A. Ahmed Khan.
A Mud House in a Village. He owns a car too, Masha Allah.
Another Village in Punjab
A Villager Cutting Fodder in a Toka Machine for the Animals
A Well in a Village. A traditional well being run by an ox with covered eyes.
Another Well in a Village
Two Villagers at a Well
A Village Mosque. A small village mosque and over head clouds.
A Tractor in the Fields
A Tractor With Sun in the Background
A Tractor Carrying Fresh Fodder in a Village in Punjab
A Village School in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
A Little Boy Playing 'Gulli Danda' in a Village. A game which doesn't cost a penny.
Celebrations After Winning a Dog Fight Tournament
Photos Pakistani Villages: Villagers Watch a Dog Fight Tournament near village Lora, Abbottabad. Photo by Farooq Naeem/AFP/Getty Images.
A Village 'Swimming Pool'. They don't need any swimming costume. They just jump into the water with their clothes on to beat the heat.
Another "Swimming Pool" in a Village. Here thety are neither pushed about swimming gear nor any clothes. The kid seems to be an expert diver.
Photos Pakistani Villages: A Village in Sindh Surrounded by Flood Water
Chaati ka Makhan aur Lassi. The lassi (Buttermilk) is very nourishing and also protect the people from ill effects of heat.
Cleaning Day by a Milkman in a Village. Who says that milkmen don't clean their pots? This guy has thoroughly cleaned the utensils and hanged them for drying in the sun.
Dish Washing in the Village House. Even pots for use in the house are cleaned properly and dried.
Photos Pakistani Villages: A Village in Punjab in 1940s
Photos Pakistani Villages: Old Photo of a Well in a Village in Sindh, 1924. Photo by Abaraphobia.
Photos Pakistani Villages: A Date Orchard and Houses in a village in Sindh, 1890
Related Pages:
Photos of Azad Kashmir
Photos of Baluchistan
Photos of Gilgit & Baltistan
Photos of Islamabad
Photos of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (old NWFP)
Photos of Punjab (Pakistan)
Photos of Siachen
Photos of Sindh
Pakistani Remote Village ( National Geographic)
Editor's Note: If you have liked this page (Photos Pakistani Villages), please share it on Facebook, Twitter or any other social media. The sharing buttons are at the end of the page.
If it is not inconvenient, please do write your brief comment at the end of this page under the heading "Leave a Reply here".


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When August Horch named his new Zwickau-based company in 1909, he translated his surname into Latin – and Audi was born.
In 1932 the Saxony car manufacturers of Horch, Audi, Wanderer and DKW joined forces as Auto Union, which had four rings as its logo. After the war the Zwickau plant produced the compact Trabant model. Today, it is the site of the August Horch Museum, which recounts the pre-war and post-war history with the aid of a great many prototypes. Visitors can also see inside August Horch's former home.
Opening times:
Tuesday-Sunday 9.30am-5pm
Dve korisne kombinacije tastera za zumiranje u internet-pregledniku:
Povećanje: +
Smanjenje: +
Dodatnu pomoć možete dobiti od ponuđača internet-preglednika, klikom na ikonu:


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Ouch: NHL Player Slashes At His Own Teammate With His Hockey Stick Leaving Him Bloodied! (Had To Be Hospitalized)
Courtesy Of Mr. Exclusive
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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Huge congratulations to Distinguished Professor Margaret Brimble, CNZM FRSNZ, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, who last night became the second woman to win the Royal Society of New Zealand's Rutherford Medal.
She was quoted by Fairfax at stuff.co.nz
"I am personally very pleased that New Zealand has now recognised me, not for being a woman in science, but for my science."
The Rutherford Medal was awarded to chemist Professor Brimble, for her world-leading contributions to the synthesis of bioactive natural products. Part of her work in chemical sciences has been research benefitting those who have experienced brain injury by modifying a naturally occurring peptide found in the brain after an injury, which helps to prevent secondary cell death.
If you are interested in reading more about her research, please go to the university website for more information.
Other women who won during the presentation of thirteen awards on Wednesday night were:The Dame Joan Metge Medal for excellence and building relationships in the social science research community.
Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Pro Vice Chancellor and Dean of the School of Māori and Pacific Development, University of Waikato, for inspiring, mentoring and developing Māori researchers.
Professor Janet Holmes FRSNZ, Chair in Linguistics, Victoria University of Wellington, for her outstanding contribution to linguistics.
Congratulations to all the winners on Wednesday night, you are inspirations.
I am going to try and focus more on the amazing work of New Zealand women, who, unless they are in film and television tend to slip through the cracks of NZ media, making small headlines no matter how outstanding their work is. Those who are already in their field appreciate them for the work they do, lives they change, and ideas they bring forward.
I will be recognising them here with the original drive due to the fact this is a feminist space, but in the hope that the circle of people who appreciate the work being done will widen. Please don't hesitate to link to further information on the work these women are doing, or information about their achievements.


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If you love the look of this low maintenance two-tone color and can't wait to try it out then check out these do's and don'ts first.
Don't Go Drastic
What really makes this look work so well is the natural finish. The difference between the two colors should be subtle, natural looking, and change from one color to the other gradually. A drastic finish which has a very obvious two-tone hair color result is not nearly as nice looking. Just ask Ciara.
Do Choose the Right Shades
When deciding on your lighter shade, choose whatever color is 3 or 4 shades lighter than your darker hair color. This will keep the balance between the two colors as flattering and as natural looking as possible. Don't forget to also keep in mind that it might take more than one coloring session to get to the balance of colors that you want.
Don't Forget About Maintenance
Although there is no quick or obvious regrowth with this color look, don't forget that maintenance is actually still needed. You may be able to get away with only a few color touch ups a year, but you do need to remember to keep up with those salon appointments so your color looks fresh. You will also need to takes steps to ensure your hair is well nourished so your strands stay healthy.
Do Go to a Professional
This type of two-tone color usually does involve bleach, so seeing a professional is essential. If you can see a specialized hair colorist who is experienced with ombré color then that's great. If not, a professional hairstylist is still better than trying to do the color at home. Take a picture of the type of look you want to achieve so they know exactly what you want.
To see how you'd look with any of the great hairstyles pictured in this blog, click on the above images to try the virtual hairstyles with your own photo!


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The tearing down of Springfield Mall on Monday marked the end of an era, but according to Fairfax County Supervisor Jeff McKay (D-Lee), the best is yet to come for the proposed town center that will take its place, as well as for Springfield itself.
"This is the most important thing to happen in Springfield since Metro came in," McKay said. "For many, like me, who grew up in this area in the 1980s, Springfield Mall was the place to see and be seen. It was a state-of-the-art mall. There was a reason Prince Charles and Diana visited here. It really was something. To watch it deteriorate the way it did over the last 20 years has been devastating."
Monday marked the beginning of a 10-year redevelopment of the mall into a "town center" model, split into four phases, originally scheduled to begin in summer 2011.
"We had a little financial difficulty since its proposal, but it is now happening," McKay said.
Phase 1 of the plan, according to a 2009 county staff report prepared for the Board of Supervisors, consists of an interior reconstruction, including an improved food court and construction of a new movie theater. There will also be a "streetscape" element that will consist of outdoor restaurant seating and entrances to retail stores that will face outward, creating a town center feel. Those changes are expected to be up and running by the 2014 holiday season, according to McKay.
In three subsequent phases, the mall's new owners, Vornado Realty Trust, eventually hope to add as many as 2,700 apartments, 450 hotel rooms and 1 million square feet of office space to the 78-acre site, while expanding the retail component of the area to 2 million square feet of shopping and dining.
The town center vision also includes improved pedestrian and bicycle connections to the Franconia-Springfield Metro and Virginia Railway Express stations, and a circulator bus service that serves the transit station, the mall area and the rest of the Springfield revitalization district.
The developer's outlying plans also include construction of a central plaza, ground-floor retail in the apartment buildings, a grocery store, a health club, and basketball and tennis courts on top of a parking garage, according to the 2009 report.
"The Springfield community has been waiting a long time for this to start," McKay said. "The decline of Springfield Mall had nothing at all to do with the local demographics, and everything to do with the mall's previous owners, who let it get into the shape it was in when Vornado took it over."
In July, as part of the $200 million phase one reconstruction, Vornado bid adieu to the last of the mall's interior tenants, and prepared to knock down all but the mall's three anchor stores; JCP, Target and Macy's, all of which remain open and will become an integral part of the new Town Center vision.
On Monday, demolition of the mall began, something that Greater Springfield Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Nancy-Jo Manney was happy to see. "It had been put off for so long that people were beginning to doubt that it would ever happen," she said. "I, for one, am very excited about this project and what it will mean for Springfield."


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Professors: Stop calling Israel an occupier
Friday, June 14, 2013 | Israel Today Staff
Professors participating in an international conference at Bar-Ilan University in Tel Aviv this week explained that international law that does necessarily support the claim that Israel is imposing a belligerent occupation on Judea and Samaria.
Under the title of "Israel and International Law," the conference brought together professors of law from around the world to discuss the issue of Israel's presence in and sovereignty over the so-called "West Bank."
Prof. Avi Bell of the University of San Diego explained to Arutz Sheva that it is "a mistake to think of this as a simple black and white matter of law. It's not. It's complicated."
Bell noted that "the way the law is generally discussed is as if it's all absolutely clear that Israel's case is insupportable," while in reality Israel has a very good legal case for continued sovereignty over these territories.
Prof. Jeremy A. Rabkin of George Mason University added that since the creation of the United Nations, "no other country in the world...has ever acknowledged that it is involved in an occupation." As such, this is a very flexible category without modern legal precedent, so it is unfair to create an international law that applies only to Israel.
Meanwhile, a poll conducted by Smith Research on behalf of the Knesset's Land of Israel Caucus found that 68 percent of Israelis oppose surrendering Judea and Samaria because doing so would pose a serious security threat to the Jewish state.
Prior to Israel's capture of Judea and Samaria during the Six Day War in 1967, Arab forces regularly used the strategic highlands to launch terrorist and military attacks on Israel's civilian population centers.


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Beyonce will close this year's Glastonbury Festival, following her husband Jay-Z's headline act at the British music event in 2008.
The pop singer said Friday she cannot wait to perform. She says: "I'm pumped just thinking about that huge audience and soaking up their energy."
VIEW THE PHOTOS: We Like What We See Of Beyonce!
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
She joined about 140,000 music fans at the festival in southwest England's Somerset in 2008 to see Jay-Z's show.
Last year's headline acts included Stevie Wonder and Gorillaz, alast-minute replacement for U2 who were forced to cancel after singer Bono suffered a back injury.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Beyonce, Zooey Deschanel & More At The Coachella Music & Arts Festival 2010
The outdoor festival, one of the largest and best-known of its kind, celebrated its 40th anniversary last year. Tickets for this year's event on June 22-26 already have sold out.
Copyright 2011 by Associated Press. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 2009 Golden Globes Fashion Trend: Strapless Gowns
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 'Dreamgirls'
PLAY IT NOW: Is Beyonce Pregnant?
PLAY IT NOW: Access Hollywood Live: Tina Knowles Clarifies Whether Or Not Beyonce Is Pregnant
More from Access: [ Beyonce Knowles Music Jay-Z ]


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There have been a lot of popular books about dogs. "Marley and Me" was a wonderful best seller that was turned into a successful movie. "The Art of Racing in the Rain" is another terrific novel about a dog. We love dogs… and love to read about them. But imagine our surprise when one day, our dog Boomer barked to us that HE wanted to write a book.
Oh sure, there were other dogs who had penned books – Dean Koontz's dog Trixie wrote "Life is Good" and Paris Hilton's pooch, Tinkerbell wrote "The Tinkerbell Hilton Diaries." But, we told Boomer, those canines had an edge. Their two-leggers were celebrities. Boomer didn't grow up in a famous family or run with the "in" crowd. He wasn't a star's dog or a dancer's dog. He's wasn't a show dog… or a lap dog. Or even a lap dancer's dog! He was just a regular, everyday dog.
Well, Boomer kept barking and woofing that he wanted to tell his story. He was pawsitively petulant about it. So what could we do? He dogtated… and we translated! His book, MUTTweiler: An AutoDOGography recently debuted on Amazon.
MUTTweiler, An AutoDOGography is a warm and witty memoir written by a lovable dog who reveals his life story fromTexas hill-country mutt to living large in the city ofLos Angeles.
Falsely blamed for a canine crime he didn't commit, puppy Boomer is taken to the pound and sentenced to the BIG SLEEP. Minutes before his walk down the long gray mile, he is saved by two angels who take him to Kinky Friedman's Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch.
Choosing the right human to own is no easy task, but when mountain-biker Dennis shows up, it's a match made in doggie heaven. Boomer hops into Dennis's SUV and they ride off to begin their journey. Together they travel to all kinds of fabulous places – from New Orleans to New York, from Canada to Mexico, from Moab to Mount Ruffmore.
Finally, arriving in Colliefornia, Boomer meets the kinds of pampered pooches he's never seen before. He ultimately gets hooked on "Hollywoof," and dreams of becoming a star. But when he visits an acting school, he learns their classes cost a whopping $12,000, so he has to make some big bucks fast!
With its feel-good style and comical photos, MUTTweiler: An AutoDOGography is sure to please readers and pet lovers everywhere.
Those purchasing the book get not only a delightful book to read over and over, they also support the wonderful place that rescued Boomer, as a portion of the proceeds from sales of the book are being donated to the Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch.
The "Translators", Dennis L Lanning & Marilyn Anderson, are Travel & Entertainment writers. Marilyn is an award-winning television and film writer and the author of Never Kiss a Frog: A Girl's Guide to Creatures from the Dating Swamp. Dennis is Boomer's daddy and an avid mountain biker.
Want to look inside the book? Click here: MUTTweiler: An AutoDOGography


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Fire damages Roosevelt house
A Roosevelt house burned on Saturday, but no one was injured in the blaze, Nassau County police said.
Police went to 5 Hausch Blvd. at 7:45 p.m. to find the place fully engulfed in flames. Fifty fire personnel and six trucks from departments in Roosevelt, Uniondale, Hempstead and Freeport, fought and extinguished the blaze.
The home was empty at the time, and no one was injured, police said. The owner of the house arrived after his alarm company alerted him to a smoke alarm sounding at his residence.
Police said the fire has determined to be non-suspicious and of undetermined origin. The investigation is continuing.


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Today's post is a short, silly follow-up to my earlier, equally silly post, Legends of Google Chrome Logo Design. That was a proof-theorem-lemma sort of parody.
Click on any image to enlarge. Higher quality resolution is not guaranteed.
The image to the left looks like it was screen shot, downloaded, then uploaded about a zillion times, using a far lossier compression algorithm than anything in use today. That only adds to its charm. Maybe?
I don't know why Ant decided to title it like this, but I liked it. Better yet, go visit Ant's strange, fun, almost-sweet website, Ant's Quality Foraged Links.
I nearly forgot the entire point of this post, about Google Maps recent use of WebGL!
Recent Google Maps enhancements
Google Maps offers various practical views such as satellite, hybrid street map overlaid on satellite, street-level ("Street View") and even a photographic view inside businesses that participate in Google Places. Google Maps Street View coverage as of 2 March 2012 is represented by the blue shaded areas in the extremely friendly map below.
Mapping fans have created some amazing special effects by combining, or layering, Google Maps with other Google services and non-Google specific features. I am referring to Panoramio and WebGL, respectively. Google Panoramio is a high-quality photograph sharing application, acquired by Google in 2008.
Street View Stereographic, by NotLion via Github, is a combo demonstration of WebGL, Panoramio and of course Google Maps Street View. If the details on Github are too sparse or too technical to understand, try reading the Google Maps Mania post about how to view any Google Maps Street View as a stereographic projection.
Is WebGL an open standard?
I don't quite know the answer to that! Maybe the responses to this question on StackOverflow, about the difference between WebGL and OpenGL will be helpful.


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Canucks GM Mike Gillis: On Kassian, the Sedins, scouting and prospects
Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis (left) works the phones alongside assistant GM Laurence Gilman during the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. Gillis says his team has a number of good prospects in the development pipeline.
Photograph by: Bruce Bennett, Getty Images Files , Vancouver Sun
VANCOUVER — Vancouver Canucks president and general manager Mike Gillis talked to The Vancouver Sun on Monday. Here are more comments from Gillis:
"Zack (Kassian) has an opportunity to be a big-time player. If he continues to grow, it opens opportunities for other people to be moved around in the lineup that improves the rest of the lineup. When we get (David) Booth and Ryan (Kesler) back, we don't have secondary-scoring issues."
(Cam Cole: That's assuming they come back to play at a high level?)
"Well, you never know, but we have a pretty clear idea, and suddenly the lineup changes dramatically. I think you're going to see (2009 first-rounder Jordan) Schroeder in our lineup, a highly skilled player who will help our power play.
"The way we were constituted to start this year, we just needed to get through this first 2-3 weeks, and neither of our goalies was particularly sharp in the first two games."
"The one organization that I followed very carefully when I was an agent was Detroit, and Ken Holland, who I think is as good a GM as there is in sport, and leaving players in the minors longer does a couple of things for you. One, it lets them develop. And we have quality coaching there. And two, it helps with your salary cap, because coming out of an entry-level deal where they're prepared to make the step into the NHL, they are still in a position of having to earn their (second contract)."
"Detroit had Nick Lidstrom who has set the bar for everybody, and any young player coming in there knew what the expectations were of what you do daily.
He made everybody better. We're trying to emulate that."
(CC: Not everyone is lucky enough to have a Nick Lidstrom?)
"Well, we have those two brothers that make whoever they play with better, and they have set that standard, and that's been the guiding light for this place since I've been here, is to make them as good as they can be and they'll drag those other guys along and show them what it takes to be elite players.
"That's what they're doing."
"We have a really good player here who brings a tremendous amount to the team, his professionalism, his willingness to work — he's the kind of player that changes the culture on a team and shows players what it means to be an elite-level player.
"And that's what happened when we got Mats (Sundin in 2009). I know you weren't in favour of that, but we did it for reasons that weren't necessarily just on the ice. And yeah, maybe the goalie lets in a bad goal once in a while, or maybe the guy is a little older and a little bit slower, but what he's bringing in terms of changing the culture of the organization is profound. And long after they're gone, that lingers.
"We [signed Sundin] because we knew how hard this guy worked, the way he lived, what he stood for, particularly in Sweden, with Swedish players, and we felt it was really important that the culture here continue to evolve and grow on accountability and a real workmanlike process, day after day after day."
(CC: Daniel and Henrik needed advice on how to stay in shape?)
"No, but they saw the consequence of a career spent like that, and they got reinforcement about the payoff of doing it all the time. It's an inhibiting factor for lots of players who never understand that, never get it."
"I was an agent for a long, long time, and I understand that there are players who won't make that sacrifice, who have different values, and we wanted to keep the ones that were prepared to participate the way we thought they should — and we kept them.
"We've kept pretty well everybody we've wanted to keep. And where we haven't been able to, we've tried to replace them with people we felt were prepared to do that for this organization.
"In doing so, we've taken some chances, tried to do some things differently to give them opportunity to be the best they can be, and for the most part it's worked pretty well for us."
"We've been slowly making changes over the years, to address some concerns I've had — let some people go, made a fairly significant change internally. Eric Crawford is far more involved on the amateur side."
"If you look at our picks, Yann Sauve got hit by a car, almost killed. Luc Bourdon was killed. Those are not things you expect to happen. We've traded picks in order to try to win Stanley Cups. We've picked at the end of the first round for three years.
"We picked Cody Hodgson which got turned into Zack Kassian who I think is going to be an impact player here. We've picked a lot of young defencemen who are coming along but they take time. I'm sure there's people who don't even realize Peter Andersson is a player we left in Sweden for two years who's going to be a really good player. And Kevin Connauton we think is going to be a very good player.
"We expect some of those players will be ready to emerge now — Andersson, Connauton, Frankie Corrado, who is ahead of schedule. (Danish centre) Nick Jensen left junior hockey to play in the Swedish Elite League. (Belleville Bulls centre) Brendan Gaunce is the captain of his team, we think is going to be a solid player. We've got college players we picked later in the draft so that they could stay in college, and we wouldn't lose their rights.
"(Harvard defenceman) Patrick McNally, he's in college, so he's not right in your face, so people tend to forget about him."
"There's Garrison, and you're going to see Schroeder, this year. Aaron Volpatti didn't play at all last year and he's going to add something to our fourth line. Dale Weise seems to be a better player this year, who should help us.
"It's difficult when you have a good team to turn over a lot of players. Ideally, next year, I think we'll have more turnover, because the cap changes and we have some younger players we feel will be ready to make the step.
"So we won't have to sign the older, kind of journeyman player.
"Our hope now, as some of these younger guys step into our lineup, is that we start to get younger over the next couple of years, and we'll retain our core guys that they'll learn from, and it seems to be the kind of process that allows you to stay pretty good over a long period of time."
"One of the reasons we made the Kassian deal was we wanted that element, but from a guy who could play. We hadn't played well two months prior to the playoffs last year, our goaltenders were just that good that we won a lot of games we shouldn't have.
"But we have a bigger body in Garrison, a bigger body in Zack, Aaron Volpatti, Dale Weise has made a stride. So I do think we have a different look."


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Professors Cole, Hirai, Grafflin, Jones (chair), Hochstadt, Tobin, and Creighton; Associate Professor Jensen; Assistant Professors Hall and Melvin; Visiting Assistant Professor Halloran; Lecturers Beam, Lexow, Williams, and Bunselmeyer
History has been defined as the collective memory of things said and done, arranged in a meaningful pattern. Such knowledge of the past supplies context, perspective, and clarity in a diverse and changing world. The members of the history department offer widely differing views of the history of a broad variety of peoples, yet they agree that the study of the past provides meaning in the present and informed choices for the future.
The study of history teaches an appreciation of both change and continuity, the critical examination of evidence, the construction of arguments, and the articulation of conclusions. In addition to teaching and to graduate studies in history and law, majors find careers in related fields, such as work in museums and archives, public service, indeed any profession requiring skills of research, analysis, and expression.
Courses in the history department are designed to be taken in sequence: first, introductory survey courses (100-level), then more specialized intermediate courses (200- and 300-level), and ultimately advanced seminars (390). While nonmajors are welcome in any history course, all students are encouraged to begin their study of history with 100-level courses. More information on the history department is available on the Web site (www.bates.edu/HIST.xml).
Cross-listed CoursesNote that unless otherwise specified, when a department/program references a course or unit in the department/program, it includes courses and units cross-listed with the department/program.
Major RequirementsMajors must complete at least nine courses and the mandatory Short Term unit or eight courses, the mandatory Short Term unit, and one other Short Term unit. Majors choose a primary concentration from one of the following five fields: East Asia, Latin America, Europe, the United States, and premodern history. The primary concentration includes five courses in the chosen field: one 100-level course; two more specific courses in that field, which may include 200- or 300-level courses, a Short Term unit, or a First-Year Seminar; a 390 seminar; and the senior thesis (History 457 or 458).
Majors must take two courses from either of the two following fields: East Asia or Latin America. Students whose primary concentration is in one of these two fields must take two courses in any other field. Courses that are listed in two fields may be counted in either field, but not in both.
Mandatory Short Term UnitAll history majors must complete History s40, Introduction to Historical Methods, which focuses on critical analysis, research skills, and historiography. Students are strongly advised to take this unit in their sophomore year, and must do so by the end of their junior year. This unit is a prerequisite for registering for the senior thesis.
Senior ThesisAll senior history majors write a thesis in the fall or winter semester (History 457 or 458). Thesis writing develops the skills learned in earlier courses and demonstrates the ability to work independently as a historian. To ensure that students have adequate background knowledge of their topic, the department recommends that a senior thesis grow out of an existing paper. The student should bring this paper to the thesis advisor when initially discussing the subject of the thesis. This works best when the paper has been written for a Junior-Senior Seminar (History 390), but students may also use papers written for 200-level courses. A major planning a fall thesis must consult with a thesis advisor in the previous spring; those planning a winter thesis must consult with thesis advisors in the fall of the senior year.
Pass/Fail Grading OptionPass/fail grading may be elected for courses applied toward the major except for the following courses: any History 390 course, History 457, History 458, and History s40.
Departmental HonorsThe honors program in history focuses on a major research project written during both semesters of the senior year (History 457 and 458), allowing more time for the maturation of a satisfying project. This also helps to indicate the competence, discipline, and independence sought by graduate schools and potential employers. The candidate presents the two-semester, double-credit thesis to a panel of professional readers. This increases the required number of history courses and units for an honors major to eleven. For honors students, there is also a foreign language requirement of competence at the intermediate level (most commonly met by satisfactorily completing the fourth semester of college language). This level of study should be regarded as the bare minimum for students considering graduate work in history.
Successful completion of an honors major requires imagination, critical judgment, and good writing. Therefore the history department invites majors with exceptional academic records to consider the honors program. Invitees are informed toward the end of their junior year. Any invitee who intends to pursue an honors thesis should discuss his or her proposed topic with an advisor before the end of the junior year.
External CreditsMajors must take a minimum of six history courses and units from Bates faculty members. This means that students may use a maximum of four credits taken elsewhere (transfer or off-campus study courses) toward the major requirements. Advanced Placement credits, awarded for a score of four or five on the relevant examination, may count toward overall college graduation requirements, but do not count toward the history major.
Students considering graduate study in history should achieve at least a two-year proficiency in a foreign language, and should take some work in American and modern European history prior to taking the Graduate Record Examination.


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Enbridge actively supports research and innovation, as we aim to adapt and harness technology to improve safety and reliability.
Enbridge is continually looking for opportunities to enhance existing technologies, and advance new ones, in the areas of design, prevention, monitoring and leak detection to keep our pipelines and distribution systems safe.
We see it as our duty to work with innovators, researchers, regulators and our industry peers to drive safety and reliability performance to new levels.
We also know that the world is looking to us and other members of the energy sector to help society make the transition to a lower-carbon future, so we are investing in alternative energy and promising innovative technologies to support that change.
Safer systems, next-generation technologies
Enbridge takes the long view in driving technology forward. We commit time, resources and dollars in the interest of making our systems safer.
A focus on innovation
In 2018, we invested about C$14 million in technology development and innovation projects. These projects are focused on the use of advanced analytics in our pipeline and power generation businesses, renewable energy technology and enhancement of the safety, efficiency and capacity of our assets.
Our Innovation, Research and Development group has been involved in more than 130 projects in 2019 focusing on innovation to improve pipeline safety and fitness. These collaborative efforts include 43 Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) projects with peers and external stakeholders, and 27 projects involving the Operations Technology Development (OTD) consortium.
In 2019, we've led, sponsored or participated in more than130
projects related to research, development and innovation.
Safety innovation partnerships
Our approach to safety is based on collaboration with other members of the industry as well as with regulators and first response agencies.
We don't compete when it comes to safety. We share what we develop and learn with our peers—all with the goal of protecting the public and the environment.
Enbridge stories: Innovation in action
Efficiency and ELSA: Supporting the energy industry with high-tech pipeline scheduling
The life of a pipeline scheduler means fielding constant streams of information—all of them pertinent.
And up until 2017, that information was processed with . . .
"Stacks of paper," says Josh Martin, an Integrated Projects Business Lead within Enbridge's Liquids Pipelines group.
Enter ELSA—the Enbridge Liquids Scheduling Application—first introduced by Enbridge in early 2017 to streamline the Liquids Pipelines scheduling process.
ELSA is now used by Enbridge's team of 60 pipeline schedulers. It gathers and processes all the factors at play, presents crude oil movement data in a user-friendly format, as close to real-time as possible, and allows schedulers to respond quicker to supply or demand disruptions.
Terminal utilization: Bypassing bottlenecks, going with the (optimal) flow
Pumps. Valves. Manifolds. Tankage. Facility piping that connects it all.
Traditionally, determining the best flow path through a crude oil tank terminal, notes Tony Khoo, is "more art than science."
Khoo's advanced analytics team at Enbridge is currently shining a spotlight on the science—and, with it, aiming for a data-driven solution that can benefit the Canadian energy industry.
Enbridge's terminal utilization project has begun the creation of a "proof-of-concept" 3-D digital representation of one of our terminals—offering real-time depiction of asset utilization, commodity movement, and other salient features.
Welding's innovative 'arc' integrated into Enbridge's Line 3 Replacement Program
Talk about innovation with any welding enthusiast, and the sparks really start to fly.
"I used to work in a pipe mill. I have a welding engineering background. I've worked construction my whole life. I absolutely love this stuff, and sometimes I take it for granted that everyone has seen this process and knows about the advancements that have been made," says Andy Duncan, Technical Services Manager with Enbridge's Major Projects group.
"I'm very, very confident in saying that we are using the best available welding technology to industry," adds Duncan, "and that we go well beyond the minimum requirements of existing codes and standards, wherever we build pipelines."
Enbridge's Line 3 Replacement Program (L3RP), the largest project in company history, will benefit from more than 50 years of welding engineering and pipe design innovation.
Virtual reality project goes underground for pipeline safety
Sometimes it's hard to see the forest through the trees.
And for this particular analogy, those trees are millions of data points along Enbridge's pipeline network—collected and reported by in-line inspection (ILI) tools, strain gauge sensors, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing systems.
"Enbridge is quite diligent about using overlapping inspection and prevention techniques to diagnose pipeline fitness. But the challenge lies in the fact that there is no way of quickly and effectively visualizing all of the data that's collected," notes Tony Khoo, manager of Enbridge's advanced analytics team.
To save our pipeline integrity engineers countless hours in poring over reams of data, representatives of Enbridge, Microsoft and Port Coquitlam, B.C.'s Finger Food Studios went back to the innovation drawing board.
The result is a vital first step toward creating a "digital twin" for Enbridge's vast pipeline network.
Raising the roof on crude oil storage tank safety
For nearly a full century, the floating roof has been the lynchpin of crude oil storage.
The concept hasn't changed much. But now, a British Columbia-based company is now putting a technological tiger in the industry's tank, so to speak.
"The first floating roof was built in 1919, and it's actually evolved very little since then," says Nick Tzonev, chief executive officer of Victoria's Syscor Controls & Automation Inc. "Much of the industry's infrastructure is getting old; a lot of tanks were built in the 1950s and 1960s, during the big terminal industry boom."
Enter Syscor's wireless watchdog. In 2008, Syscor unveiled its FR-Tracker technology to the crude storage industry. Using multiple wireless sensors, the FR-Tracker system offers an early warning for potential problems associated with floating tank roofs—providing 24/7 monitoring of temperature, vibration, inclination, liquid levels on deck, and potential hydrocarbon vapors.
'Cracking' the code on pipeline crack inspection tools
For a truly granular view, sometimes it helps to start with a bigger sandbox.
In spring 2017, Enbridge and NDT Global, a leading ultrasonic pipeline inspection firm, announced a multi-year project to develop a next-generation in-line inspection (ILI) tool—or robot, in NDT Global's lexicon—that would advance crack assessment prowess in crude oil pipelines.
Teams with NDT Global and Enbridge have now developed a new technology carrier, with a functional prototype inspection tool expected to be ready for testing by fall 2018.
This new crack detection robot represents a "step change" in technological capabilities, says NDT Global's Tom Machnik, and it's based largely on being able to capture and analyze massive amounts of data from a pipeline's interior.
Harnessing AI and Big Data for a green energy game-changer
Big data. Machine learning. Predictive analytics.
Enbridge, a Canadian leader in green energy investment, is using all of these elements to help optimize our wind power performance across North America.
Enbridge's one-of-a-kind Performance Analytics and Situational Awareness (PASA) solution could be a game changer in a sector grappling with increasing maintenance costs. PASA helps optimize turbine servicing, avoid downtime, and predict mechanical issues—and could one day help ensure the viability of the wind energy industry as a whole.
"We believe the application of machine-learning techniques, as evidenced in our PASA solution, will fundamentally transform the economics and efficiency of wind power," says Tony Khoo, Enbridge's Manager of Advanced Analytics, whose team developed and delivered the PASA solution.
Leak detection: A 'defense in depth' approach
Safety is the very foundation of our business at Enbridge, and we use a multi-pronged approach to pipeline safety that includes robust inspections, maintenance and 24/7 monitoring.
On top of those multiple prevention activities, we also take an industry-leading approach to leak detection—in a variety of ways. As part of our Data, Detection and Diligence series on the @enbridge blog channel, we recently explored our various methods of leak detection, which include:
- Regularly scheduled fluid withdrawal tests;
- Side-streaming, or "blind tests," that put our alarm systems, people and processes on the spot;
- Our multiple overlapping Computational Pipeline Monitoring (CPM) systems, chosen for sensitivity, reliability and speed; and
- Our pipeline simulator training program, which helps our control center operators sharpen their skills.
Smart Pigs, Safe Pipes: Industry-leading pipeline inspection technology
Enbridge focuses heavily on prevention to keep our crude oil pipeline network safe. In-line inspection (ILI) tools—or "smart pigs," to use industry jargon—are highly complex pieces of machinery that use advanced imaging technology to inspect our pipes inch by inch.
Enbridge has entrusted Baker Hughes, a GE Company, with these robust ILI-based pipeline diagnoses since 1998. In that time, Baker Hughes has performed more than 400 pipeline inspections across Enbridge's pipeline network, producing more than 70,000 kilometers' worth of inspection data.
As part of our Smart Pigs, Safe Pipes series on the @enbridge blog channel, we recently teamed up with the experts at BHGE, the world's premier pipeline inspection company, to get a close-up look at their leading-edge technology—and the various ways it's improving safety across the pipeline industry. The series looks at:
- High-definition inspection tools that can identify pinhole-sized features in the pipe;
- A newly unveiled technology that doubles the number of sensors in Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) tools;
- A new axial strain measurement technology to identify areas of the pipe experiencing undue stress or strain;
- Various cleaning pigs, which promote pipeline health and optimize inspection activities; and
- Inspection tools that assess cathodic protection and coating quality.
'In-motion' X-ray exams strengthen weld safety on pipeline projects
The process is called Non-Destructive Testing. And it encourages non-linear thinking.
NDT is a wide group of analysis techniques—used in a variety of industries, including aviation, automotive, construction, transportation and energy—to evaluate the properties of a material without causing damage.
"I look at NDT as a tool box," says Axel Aulin, Enbridge's senior NDT specialist. "You can't do the job with just a wrench or a hammer. You need different applications at different times."
Enbridge recently updated its own NDT toolbox when it comes to pipeline girth weld inspections out in the field.
Starting with the Norlite project, which entered service in 2017, Enbridge has successfully tested and implemented the use of Real-Time Radiography (RTR) to inspect field girth welds—a significant step forward from traditional film-based radiographic testing (RT).
Taking 'charge' with real-time, continuous pipeline monitoring
It's highly accurate, it's non-intrusive, it's continuous and it goes with the flow.
Electrically speaking, that is.
For the past decade, Electric Field Mapping (EFM) technology—developed by Toronto-based FOX-TEK Canada Inc.—has been helping to keep Enbridge's pipeline network healthy and fit for purpose by staying "current," in a manner of speaking.
"If you put your finger in a stream, the water goes around your fingers. And that's essentially how our EFM technology works," says Allen Lone, President and CEO at FOX-TEK Canada Inc., a subsidiary of Augusta Industries Inc.
"Based on a continuous EFM monitoring system, we're measuring the minute changes in electrical current density through a segment of the pipe where our sensor array is mounted," adds Lone. "If there are any localized changes in the pipe wall—such as metal loss due to corrosion—our EFM system will detect a change in the current density."
For energy pipelines in particular, EFM is a complementary technology that can be used to supplement a pipeline operator's inspection and maintenance tactics.LEARN MORE
Wrapping up the slope friction issue
Pipelines are buried through all kinds of terrain as they crisscross North America. On rare occasions, that includes slopes that move incrementally over time – at a rate of a couple of millimeters per year.
While our pipelines are engineered to manage moving forces, where necessary, an Enbridge geohazard project recently tackled the issue of incremental slope movement.
The pragmatic solution? Wrapping the pipe with low-friction geotextile fabric, a robust weave of monofilament polypropylene yarns. And the key was using two layers, not one.LEARN MORE
A high-fidelity approach to leak detection, incident prevention
There's common sense. There's the proverbial sixth sense.
And then there's Hifi Engineering's High Fidelity Dynamic Sensing (HDS) technology, which uses multiple senses—sense of sound, sense of touch—in addition to its optical-based backbone.
Hifi, based in Calgary, is working with Enbridge Inc. and TransCanada Corporation as part of a pipeline industry partnership to test and enhance its HDS system.
And in September 2017, based on its promising next-generation fiber optic sensing technologies, Hifi was named as the first funding recipient for the Alberta Small Business Innovation and Research Initiative (ASBIRI), offered by Alberta Innovates.LEARN MORE
Fiber optics and finesse: Leak detection initiative goes deep
It is, potentially, a big step forward for pipeline water crossing safety. You might even say 966 big steps forward.
In the fall of 2016, during the construction of our Norlite Pipeline northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, Enbridge's construction and leak detection crews—along with representatives of Banister Pipelines, Michels Canada and Chemco—collaborated on a technological breakthrough that may one day add another layer of safety in the pipeline industry.
Using a Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) procedure—in this case, drilling a parabolic tunnel deep beneath the North Saskatchewan River—crews installed 966 metres, or 0.6 miles, of pipe and fiber optic cable.
That's more than seven Canadian Football League fields, including end zones—and it's the longest successful HDD installation, to date, involving a steel pipe and a fiber cable.LEARN MORE
An early-warning system for pipeline strikes
People don't always know what's below. That's why we want to be aware of what's going on beneath the surface.
Even with our robust Call 811 and Call/Click Before You Dig public awareness campaigns, the most common source of natural-gas pipeline damage is accidental third-party strikes.
Since 2014, Enbridge Gas has been working with NYSEARCH, a collaborative research-and-development organization representing 25 natural gas utilities, on a right-of-way intrusion detection project. A project team has been evaluating damage prevention systems from three vendors through a series of blind tests, involving excavation machinery, manual digging, equipment activity and vehicle traffic.LEARN MORE
A 'big leap ahead' on pipeline inspection tools
It's about safety, it's about reliability—and, ultimately, it's about clarity.
"Think of this as investing in the creation of the 4K television, when 1080p high-definition isn't good enough anymore," says Trevor Grams, Enbridge's Director of Research and Development.
In April 2017, Enbridge and NDT Global, a leading ultrasonic pipeline inspection firm, announced a multi-year project to develop a next-generation inspection tool—one that will advance crack assessment capabilities in crude oil and liquids pipelines.LEARN MORE
Detecting corrosion under insulation with the bracelet probe
It's called the bracelet probe, and it has the potential to save plenty of bling.
The Russell NDE Bracelet Probe inspection tool, developed by Edmonton-based Russell NDE Systems Inc., uses an electromagnetic induction technique to inspect pipeline corrosion under insulation—and is now used by pipeline inspection companies, and major upstream outfits, in countries around the world. At Enbridge, we're working to formally implement and adopt the bracelet probe as a proven inspection method.LEARN MORE
Ultra-sensitive SmartBalls 'listen' for tiny leaks
A free-swimming tool with a foam shell, a SmartBall consists of an aluminum core with an extremely sensitive microphone, called a hydrophone, that takes advantage of fluids' superiority as an acoustic coupling medium. Usually about 18 inches in diameter, a SmartBall can travel within a pipeline for up to 18 days while collecting stress, pressure, temperature and other data, and is capable of locating pinhole leaks—typically within six feet of their location.
Enbridge tested the SmartBall technology, which was developed by Calgary-based Pure Technologies Ltd., over a two-year period—and, based on need, we now use the devices along selected segments of our crude oil pipeline network.LEARN MORE
Fiber optics on the Flanagan South line
It's a groundbreaking research project, and it's now entered the soil of the Show-Me State.
After simulating pipeline products, soil characteristics, and other environmental factors with the large-scale ELDER apparatus, and gleaning some invaluable test results in an Edmonton laboratory, we've taken this project outside.
Using fiber optic cable alongside a 20-mile stretch of Enbridge's newly built Flanagan South pipeline in central Missouri, this $4-million pilot project aims to land on a leak detection system that can quickly and reliably identify very small leaks, provide an accurate leak location, and provide incremental benefit to our other leak detection systems.LEARN MORE
A one-of-a-kind, 'dual-diameter pig'
There's building a better mousetrap. And then there's building a better pig.
At Enbridge, in-line inspection tools, otherwise known as "smart pigs" in the industry, are sent through our pipelines at regular intervals, inspecting the pipe inch by inch. But how do you handle inspections for a unique line like Enbridge's Line 4, which consists of 28 segments of varying sizes – some of them 36 inches in diameter, and some 48 inches?
You create a better pig. An ultrasonic pig. A dual-diameter pig.LEARN MORE
Electromagnetic examinations for pipelines
Internal pipeline inspections may be moving from shear waves to the next wave.
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) technology is an ultrasonic testing technique that can be used to measure wall thickness, detect small cracks, and identify irregularities in pipeline coatings—and, potentially, be used to detect and measure cracks within deformations.
Up until recently, EMAT inspection tools have been used primarily for gas pipelines. Enbridge's EMAT validation project is currently testing this technology for potential application along our crude oil network.LEARN MORE
Magnetic tomography: A 'non-invasive' stress test
If a picture is worth a thousand words, these images may prove invaluable to pipeline diagnostics.
Since 2002, Russia-based Transkor has been detecting potential stress points in pipelines worldwide, using its proprietary magnetic tomography method (MTM). An MTM inspection uses the electromagnetic properties of steel to create a remote 3-D image of a pipe – identifying the location of potential stress concentrations and associated pipeline features, which may require further examination.
And MTM technology could be a game changer for the way we inspect station piping at Enbridge.LEARN MORE
Taking the aerial approach to leak detection research
Pipeline safety research is about to go airborne. In May 2015, Enbridge Pipelines Inc., TransCanada Corporation, and Kinder Morgan Canada announced a joint industry partnership to evaluate aerial-based leak detection technologies, and their possible application on crude oil and hydrocarbon liquids pipelines.
This project will test the boundaries of scientific innovation—because, to this point, the available technologies have not been tested on such a large scope, or such a fine detail.LEARN MORE