The Faculty of Architecture in the Warsaw University of Technology (FA WUT) was established in the first quarter of the 20th century, when in European architecture and art, traditional trends were intertwined with new ideas, which inspired building´s creativity. In 1915, the Society of Science Courses and the Association of Technicians attempted to create a Polish university and polytechnic in Warsaw. Finally, at the newly created technical university, an independent architectural faculty was established. The members of the Organizing Committee and future professors represented the diversity of the architectural environment, both thanks to the education in various European schools (polytechnics, military schools and art academies), as well as the different aesthetic interests. This diversity was fully reflected in the architectural creativity of that period. At the beginning of the 20th century, the traditional craft thinking turned into the scientific interpretation of spatial activities, which stimulated the interest in novelty. The innovation was understood as in humanistic disciplines -like the ability to discover and test the solutions which deviate from the standard and which induce a rapid change in quality. Innovations of this period took the form of abstract and realistic ideas, methods based on alternative sets of criteria and technologies. They concerned the urban and architectural scale as well as the detail. In the particularly demanding living environment design, they manifested themselves in many objectively new values, such as functionalism, social housing, extensive typology of dwelling layouts, innovative reinforced concrete constructions of open plans, new standards of insolation, ventilation and many others. The paper is a summary of analyses regarding modern thoughts about living, present in selected projects and realizations of FA WUT professors, 1918-1939. We discuss the project of an extremely minimalist villa in Gdynia designed by Bohdan Lachert and Józef Szanajca (1926), Barbara and Stanisław Brukalski house at Niegolewski Street in Warsaw (1928), considered the first implementation of avant-garde architecture in Poland, the sanatorium house in Konstancin (Skolimów) by Helena and Szymon Syrkus (1930-1931) or the housing estate of the Warsaw Housing Cooperative. The aim of the analyses is to define innovative solutions: more functional, efficient and human-friendly, spatial and technical innovations, in the scale of the building, housing estate and a wider urban and social environment.


The phrase developmentally appropriate care has become a common focus in early childhood care and education. Recognition of the importance of a child's early years has increased significantly, and along with it an awareness of the need for a healthy care environment for children that nurtures development and growth. Several reasons explain why this emphasis on developmentally appropriate care is important:


In this paper, we present a new framework for designing distortion functions of joint photographic experts group (JPEG) steganography with uncompressed side-image. In our framework, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, including all direct current (DC) coefficients and alternating current (AC) coefficients, are divided into two groups: first-priority group (FPG) and second-priority group (SPG). Different strategies are established to associate the distortion values to the coefficients in FPG and SPG, respectively. In this paper, three scenarios for dividing the coefficients into FPG and SPG are exemplified, which can be utilized to form a series of new distortion functions. Experimental results demonstrate that while applying these generated distortion functions to JPEG steganography, the intrinsic statistical characteristics of the carrier image will be preserved better than the prior-art, and consequently the security performance of the corresponding JPEG steganography can be improved significantly.


Currently, the development and research of nonwoven medical fibrous materials based on biopolymers is an area of a great practical interest. One of the most promising methods for producing nonwoven materials with a highly developed surface is electrospinning (ES). In the article, the possibility of effective sterilization of ultrathin fibers based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the ozone treatment was considered. The purpose of this work was to establish the interrelation between changes in the ES process and accompanying changes in the supramolecular structure, morphology, physical and mechanical properties of the fibrous materials based on PHB.


This research examines the underlying motive of CSR implementation and design, according to maqasid al-sharia. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to obtain primary data through interviews with 5 CSR informants. Secondary data was collected from the public company's annual report on the IDX in 2019. Data was sampled and examined using purposive and content analysis technique. The results showed that there are 2 motives in CSR, specifically social and economic. Furthermore, the economic motive is more dominant and expects provision of monetary feedback. Consequently, CSR becomes less effective and most programs do not follow the real stakeholders' needs. The dignity of CSR needs to be regained by implementing maqasid al-sharia dimensions. There are 2 approaches used to implement CSR, including a support system that utilizes pressure. The transcendental approach initiates corporate actors through religious values from maqasid al-sharia, making the implementation more humanist and stakeholder-oriented.


One of the most elusive geochemical aspects of the early Earth has been explaining the near chondritic relative abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE; Au, Re and the platinum group elements) in Earth's primitive upper mantle (PUM). Perhaps they were delivered to the Earth after core formation, by late addition of carbonaceous chondrite material. However, the recognition that many moderately siderophile elements can be explained by high pressure and temperature (PT) metal-silicate equilibrium, leads to the question whether high PT equilibrium can also explain the HSE concentrations. Answers to this question have been slowed by experimental difficulties (nugget effect and very low solubilities). But two different perspectives have emerged from recent studies. One perspective is that D(M/S) for HSE at high PT are not low enough to explain terrestrial mantle depletions of these elements (for Pd and Pt). A second perspective is D(M/S) are reduced substantially at high PT and even low enough to explain terrestrial mantle depletions (for Au and Pt). Issues complicating interpretation of all experiments include use of MgO- and FeO-free silicate melts, and S-free and FeNi metal-free systems. In addition, conclusions for Pt rest on an interpretation that the tiny metallic nuggets plaguing many such experiments, were formed upon quench. There is not agreement on this issue, and the general question of HSE solubility at high PT remains unresolved


The Covid-19 pandemic has emerged as a traumatic experience worldwide. It has impacted economic activities adversely, and led to health crisis, job losses, affected trade & transport, market selloff, collapse of export revenues and financial ambiguity. The Indian economy has also reeled under the brunt of Covid-19 which impelled the government to fight by initiating community awareness programs, social distancing measures, lockdown, testing and quarantine plans & actions and support packages for the public etc. Government of India also introduced stimulus packages to revitalize the financial system and amended fiscal and monetary policies such as Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, PSU policy, deregulation of the agricultural sector, commercialisation of coal mining, etc to reduce the impact of the pandemic. Overall, the proactive measures undertaken during the pandemic have laid the foundations for economic recovery to gain momentum going ahead. But on the contrary all packages increased the capital expenditure of the country and increased economic hardship. Therefore, it is suggested that government should focus on measures that lead to decline in the expenditure and yield high revenues by raising the tax revenue buoyancy through improved compliance and increasing receipts from monetisation of assets and strategic disinvestments.


This reflection comes from the following queries: Does being a teacher mean necessarily being a creative person? Must the teacher become creative? Is creative training necessary for teachers? Is the teacher really able to become cresative? Who would teach teachers to be creative and how?. This article suggests some approximate answers to these questions, with the aim of offering a model for creative training. Our model tries to approach the different defects that we had previously detected by analysing the perspectives in the creative improvement of the teachers. This training project is one of the subjects offered in the new syllabus for teacher training at La Laguna University.


We present near-infrared JHKs imaging as well as K-band multi-object spectroscopy of the massive stellar content of W3 Main using LUCI at the LBT. We confirm 13 OB stars by their absorption line spectra in W3 Main and spectral types between O5V and B4V have been found. Three massive Young Stellar Objects are identified by their emission line spectra and near-infrared excess. From our spectrophotometric analysis of the massive stars and the nature of their surrounding HII regions we derive the evolutionary sequence of W3 Main and we find evidence of an age spread of at least 2-3 Myr. While the most massive star (IRS2) is already evolved, indications for high-mass pre--main-sequence evolution is found for another star (IRS N1), deeply embedded in an ultra compact HII region, in line with the different evolutionary phases observed in the corresponding HII regions. We have detected the photospheres of OB stars from the more evolved diffuse HII region to the much younger UCHII regions, suggesting that the OB stars have finished their formation and cleared away their possible circumstellar disks very fast. Only in the hyper-compact HII region (IRS5), the early type stars are still surrounded by circumstellar material.


In this article, we propose a novel approach to recognize emotions with the help of privileged information, which is only available during training, but not available during testing. Such additional information can be exploited during training to construct a better classifier. Specifically, we recognize audience's emotion from EEG signals with the help of the stimulus videos, and tag videos' emotions with the aid of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. First, frequency features are extracted from EEG signals and audio/visual features are extracted from video stimulus. Second, features are selected by statistical tests. Third, a new EEG feature space and a new video feature space are constructed simultaneously using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Finally, two support vector machines (SVM) are trained on the new EEG and video feature spaces respectively. During emotion recognition from EEG, only EEG signals are available, and the SVM classifier obtained on EEG feature space is used; while for video emotion tagging, only video clips are available, and the SVM classifier constructed on video feature space is adopted. Experiments of EEG-based emotion recognition and emotion video tagging are conducted on three benchmark databases, demonstrating that video content, as the context, can improve the emotion recognition from EEG signals and EEG signals available during training can enhance emotion video tagging.


A steady fluid flow, called microstreaming, can be generated in the vicinity of a micro-bubble excited by ultrasound. In this paper, we use this phenomenon to assemble and power a microfabricated rotor at rotation speeds as high as 625 rpm. The extractible power is estimated to be of the order of a few femtowatts. A first series of experiments with uncontrolled rotor shapes is presented, demonstrating the possibility of this novel actuation scheme. A second series of experiments with 65 µm rotors micromanufactured in SU-8 resin is then presented. Variables controlling the rotation speed and rotor stability are investigated, such as the bubble diameter, the acoustic excitation frequency and amplitude and the rotor geometry. Finally, an outlook is provided on developing this micro-rotor into a MEMS-based motor capable of delivering tunable, infinitesimal rotary power at the microscale.


We introduce a new general framework for sign recognition from monocular video using limited quantities of annotated data. The novelty of the hybrid framework we describe here is that we exploit state-of-the art learning methods while also incorporating features based on what we know about the linguistic composition of lexical signs. In particular, we analyze hand shape, orientation, location, and motion trajectories, and then use CRFs to combine this linguistically significant information for purposes of sign recognition. Our robust modeling and recognition of these sub-components of sign production allow an efficient parameterization of the sign recognition problem as compared with purely data-driven methods. This parameterization enables a scalable and extendable time-series learning approach that advances the state of the art in sign recognition, as shown by the results reported here for recognition of isolated, citation-form, lexical signs from American Sign Language (ASL).


Cyclocondensations of two 2,4-disubstituted 6-aminopyrimidines with 2-chloro-1-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde afforded in each case a new regiospecific synthesis of tricyclic, linear disubstituted 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines 2 and 3 in excellent yields. The linear structures and hence the regiospecificity of the synthesis were established using 1H nmr and 13C nmr. The growth of leukemia L1210 cells in culture was inhibited 50% by 2 at 30 × 10−6M and 48% by 3 at 100 × 10−6M.


Flow injection sample pretreatment for determination of lead by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been developed. Utilizing an in-valve mini-column, packed with a solid phase extraction resin (Sr.spec), lead was preconncentrated and separated from the matrix. The conditions for sorption and desorption of lead were investigated. A 1 M nitric acid solution and 0.005 M EDTA solution of pH 7 were suitable for sorption and desorption step respectively. A concentration efficiency of 11 min was achieved. A linear calibration was obtained for 0.1-5.0 μg Pb and a single standard calibration can be applied. The method has been applied to the determination of lead in certified reference materials, leachates and digests of tin tailing samples. The system allows rapid analysis of very small sample volumes.


Since "CNAS-GL006 guidelines of uncertainty in chemical analysis" was published in 2018, the demand for calculation method of uncertainty has been increasing. According to "GB 23200.8-2016 determination of 500 pesticides and related chemical residues in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry", the uncertainties of profenofos, phosmet, quintozene and cyhalothrin residues in strawberries were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) combined with internal standard quantitative method. Five B-type evaluation components, including standard purity, stocking solution, working solution, sample weighing and pretreatment process, and three A-type evaluation components, including standard solution peak area, sample solution peak area and recovery, were studied. Results showed that the relative combined standard uncertainties of profenofos, phosmet, quintozene and cyhalothrin at the spiking level of 0.08 mg/kg were 3.55%, 3.22%, 2.20% and 3.66%, respectively. Two A-type evaluation components of sample solution peak area and recovery had great contribution in the combined uncertainty of four pesticide residues, which was higher than 60% for profenofos, phosmet and cyhalothrin, and higher than 31% for quintozene. In this study, the detection results of four insecticides in strawberry samples in 95% confidence interval could be expressed as profenofos: 0.085 ± 0.006 mg/kg, phosphorus: 0.084 ± 0.005 mg/kg, quintozin: 0.079 ± 0.003 mg/kg, and cyhalothrin: 0.082 ± 0.006 mg/kg (k = 2). The uncertainty assessment results will minimize the possible disputes in the judging of the residue values near the maximum residue limts.


This study were aimed at analyzemaize producer's household level of market participation, determinants of maize producer household's degree of market participationand determinants of maize producer households level of commercialization in the study area. The study used a cross sectional data collected from 345 randomly selected households from four kebeles through semistructured household questionnaires. Tobit model was used to analyze determinants of level of market participation of maize producers and ordered logit model was used to assess the factors affecting household maize commercialization.Based on Tobit result family size and distance from nearest market affected market participation of maize producers significantly and negatively, and land allocated for maize, access to improved seed, raw planting, amount of credit received and membership of cooperative affected market participation of maize producers significantly and positively. The result of ordered logit revealed that Marital status, Household size, distance from Original Research Article Dangia et al.; AJAEES, 37(4): 1-8, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.53105 2 nearest market and age of household head significantly and negatively affected level of commercialization. Whereas, Household labor supply, access to improved seed, amount of fertilizer, credit amount, and household head education class positively and significantly affected level of commercialization. Policies that give more emphasis to family planning, improving and strengthening rural infrastructure, strengthening institutional arrangement like cooperatives have paramount implications to speed up the move from subsistence and semi commercial towards commercial oriented production.


This article describes a qualitative study which considered if a client's sexual expression was a legitimate domain of concern of the occupational therapist. The research used an inductive strategy of depth interviews with 10 practitioners who represented a breadth of practice (children, adults and elderly people; acute and community settings; and physical and psychosocial conditions, learning disabilities, alcohol abuse, HIV and AIDS). The focus of the study was to discover the attitudes, practice and confidence of occupational therapists to address sexual issues. Part 1 reviews relevant literature, outlines the methodology and briefly reports the results. Part 2 will discuss the results, especially their implications for professional education and practice, and the need for further research.


tance of party regularity and the necessity of getting out the vote. Inevitably perhaps, in an anatomical approach, a sense of the political flesh of the times has been sacrificed; but this chapter — brief, lucid and comprehensive — is as good an introduction to the politics of the period as one could desire. The conclusion, however, is frankly speculative. Here Marcus discusses the low rate of voter turnout in the twentieth century compared with the very high rates of the nineteenth, the function of political parties as mediators between the individual and society, and the role of presidential elections as legitimators of other political and governmental processes. Much of what he has to say is wise and illuminating, but it bears only a tenuous relationship to the politics of nomination and manoeuvre which make up the core of the book. Moreover, most of the argument has recently appeared in the author's ' Presidential Elections in the American Political System ', The Review of Politics, xxxm, 1 (Jan. 1971), 3-23. The central problem is one of focus. The first and last chapters are necessary to set the rest of the argument in context, but the former are too broad and the latter too narrow to make up a coherent whole. One fears therefore that this book might not get as wide a readership as it deserves. The non-specialist can find much of what he wants elsewhere, while the specialist will regret the lack of any bibliography where an annotated one would have been invaluable for the students who will certainly be stimulated by Professor Marcus. It is a pity he did not wait to make a most important book out of a good one.


In order to study the divergences of economy among the different regions of China,this paper innovatively implies the Theil index measurement to analyze the divergences in the four regional economy areas from 1997 to 2007,and designs 5 indicators.After the analysis,it gives 4 conclusions.Firstly,the gaps among the 5 indicators are reduced;secondly,3 indicators of the average GDP,the average income which can be allocated and the average housing area for living in town are main divergences,the proportion of the other two indicators are small;thirdly,in view of the inside regional area,the divergences of the east are strong comparing to the middle and the west part of China,but the north east region is the smallest;and lastly,the divergences of education of different regions are serious except the north east region,but the most serious reason is the average housing area for living,which can tally with the whole divergences of the 5 indicators of China.


This paper is to set up an intertemporal model in which the relationships among consumer's behaviors,economic growth and dynamics of current account are probed.Such model helps to explain the micro-system of macroeconomic performance of China.Furthermore,a set of system's innovations are involved in the paper.


Computer monitor systems are widely applied in many fields,the data acquisition and output control modules are the essential I/O devices connected to the supervised ones.To Study these modules is very helpful to development,test and teaching of computer monitor systems.In this paper,a simulated module based on RS-232 which supporting analog inputs and digital outputs is designed and developed,including the hardware model,visual software model,communication protocols which operate the simulated module,the key technology of serial communication based on.NET framework is proposed too.Finally,the simulated module is tested strictly by Universal and Multifunctional Testing Software on Computer Monitor System;applied cases based on the simulated module are given too.


The main goal of the research presented here is to develop theoretical foundations and implementation algorithms, which integrate GPS, micro-electro-mechanical inertial measurement unit (MEMS IMU), digital barometer, electronic compass, and human pedometry to provide navigation and tracking of military and rescue ground personnel. This paper discusses the design, implementation and the initial performance analyses of the personal navigator prototype1, with a special emphasis on dead-reckoning (DR) navigation supported by the human locomotion model. To facilitate this functionality, the adaptive knowledge system, based on the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic, is trained during the GPS signal reception and used to maintain navigation under GPS-denied conditions. The human locomotion parameters, step frequency (SF) and step length (SL) are estimated during the system calibration period, then the predicted SL, together with the heading information from the compass and gyro, support DR navigation. The current target accuracy of the system is 3-5 m CEP (circular error probable) 50%.


Given the increasing use of double left-turn lanes and the lack of methods to design and analyze them, there exists an urgent need to develop such methods. This paper describes work completed at No...


Online auctions such as eBay are becoming increasingly more important mechanisms for people to buy and sell items online.  In general, e-commerce is becoming fundamental to transacting business around the globe. With the added convenience of online transactions also comes the risk of electronic fraud.  Although companies such as eBay have operated for the last 10 - 15 years, very little auction data has been collected and made publicly available or analysed, to the knowledge of the authors.  Before any assertions about the amount of fraud in online auctions can be made, the underlying nature and structure of online auctions must be understood.  In this paper we present definitions of a good auction from the viewpoints of the stake holders of the auction (e.g., bidder, seller, auctioneer, etc.) and then provide an analysis of auction data methodically collected from live eBay auctions. We collected data from 1005 auctions for three commonly available electronic devices. We show that the number of bids per auction is independent of the duration of the auction, and that the proportion of proxy bids is also approximately constant, for the duration of the auction.  However, the final bid price achieved during the auction is shown to be related to the duration.  Although these results are preliminary, we believe that they provide a significant insight into online auction behaviour.


The Ebenezer Miracle Worship Centre is one of the largest and growing neo-prophetic movements in Kumasi. Using it as a paradigm for a new strand of Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana which is attracting a considerable number of following because of the prophetic unction on their leaders, the author contends that responding to the call to become a prophet goes with certain demands which make deep inroads into one's inward and outward life; as such, contemporary prophets should take advantage of the ministerial formation facilities available in Ghana, to consolidate their prophetic gifts and the discipleship training they receive from their mentors, and they will make greater impacts.


This article examines the short- and long-run causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP of six emerging economies of Asia. Based on cointegration and vector error correction modeling the empirical results show that there exists a unidirectional shortand long-run causality running from energy consumption to GDP for China, a unidirectional short-run causality from output to energy consumption for India, whilst a bi-directional short-run causality for Thailand. Neutrality between energy consumption and income is found for Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. Following causality results India may contribute to the fight against global warming directly implementing energy conservation measures. For China, where causality runs from energy consumption to output, the country should focus on technological developments and mitigation policies. Since a bi-directional causality is found in Thailand, a balanced combination of alternative policies seems to be appropriate. Nevertheless, all the countries may initiate environmental policies aimed at decreasing energy intensity, increasing energy efficiency, developing a market for emission trading.


— "Quantum Tomography" is a general method for estimating arbitrary ensemble averages—including the density matrix itself— of any quantum system, through the measurement of a "quorum" of observables. Recently the method has been extended to the estimation of the matrix form of any "quantum operation" (i. e. quantum evolutions and measurements), using only a fixed "entangled state" as the input state, the entangled state playing the role of all possible input states in "quantum parallel". A short review of the theory is presented, with a list of examples of applications for different quantum systems, and with particular focus on quantum optics. Some results from experiments in quantum optics are reexamined. Hnts and perspectives on future developments are given at the end of the paper.


Objective : To study the hematological profile of anemic pregnant women who were attending antenatal hospital. Material and Methods : Pregnant women who had hemoglobin value of 25 years. Out of 66, 28 (42%) belong to primi gravidae, 26 (39%) multigravidae and 12 (19%) belong to grand multi gravidae. Among 66 participants, 40.92% were mild anemic, 54.54% were moderate and 4.54% were severe anemic. Other hematological parameters like RBC, MCV, HCT, MCHC, MCH were also below the normal range. Conclusion: There is a need to monitor hematological parameters during pregnancy and thereby improve the outcome of pregnancy.


Children suffering from autism have been continue rising globally and the early intervention may significantly improve the social and cognitive capacity of them. The autism treatment in China is still largely based on training courses and interventions, nevertheless, lacking of professional teachers is a severe problem. Traditional individual training classes are mainly based on teachers' evaluation of students' emotional feedback, and there remain prejudices. The continuous information technology advance, such as ML, have been inspiring novel diagnosis and treatment for autistic children. Note that the majority of the current research on emotional recognition of autistic children have not been conducted on the autistic children in China, in this paper, we aim to conduct a emotional recognition study for them. We study the one-to-one autism training class, and propose an automatic engagement recognition framework to track the behaviors and affection of autistic children by ML. With the improved spatial temporal graph convolutional neural network, our experiments based on the available datasets show that the behavior recognition accuracy reaches beyond 90% and the affection recognition achieves 99%. The result demonstrates that the proposed system can analyze the relationship among arousal, valence and expression category for the autism training class.


In 1994, S. Pride offered a system of equations describing interdependent propagation of acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) fields in porous media saturated by a fluid electrolyte (electrokinetic effect). We proved that the displacement vectors of frame and of pore fluid can be represented as a linear combinations of gradients of two scalar potentials and rotors of two vector potentials provided the coefficients of Pride's equations are independent of spatial coordinates. Each of these potentials satisfies Helmholtz equation with appropriate complex velocity. This representation underlies the computer code created by us for exploring borehole acoustics logging problems in axial-symmetric radially layered medium. Noteworthy, layers can be of any of the following types: uniform porous medium saturated by fluid electrolyte, uniform nonporous elastic medium, compressible nonviscous fluid or compressible viscous fluid. Results of numerical experiments are presented and discussed. The most important of them is that the back influence on acoustic disturbance of EM field excited by this disturbance is negligibly small in usually used frequency band and for realistic formation parameters. The mechanism of generation and propagation of different types of EM waves during acoustic logging is discussed as well.


In this paper, we perform a sensitivity analysis for the maximal value function, which is the optimal value function for a parametric maximization problem. Our aim is to study various subdifferentials for the maximal value function. We obtain upper estimates of Fréchet, limiting, and horizon subdifferentials of the maximal value function by using some sensitivity analysis techniques sophisticatedly. The derived upper estimates depend only on the union of all solutions and not on its convex hull or only one solution from the solution set. Finally, we apply the derived results to develop some new necessary optimality conditions for nonconvex minimax problems. In the nonconvex-concave setting, our Wolfe duality approach compares favorably with the first-order approach in that the necessary condition is sharper and the constraint qualification is weaker. Funding: L. Guo was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72131007, 72140006, and 12271161] and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [Grant 22ZR1415900]. J. J. Ye was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. J. Zhang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12222106], the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program [Grant RCYX20200714114700072], and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [Grant 2022B1515020082].


The main memory system is a critical component of modern computer systems. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) based memory designs dominate the industry due to mature device technology and low cost. These designs, however, face several challenges moving forward. These challenges arise due to legacy DRAM device design choices, advances in Central Processing Unit (CPU) design, and the demand for higher memory throughput and capacity from applications. Due to the cost-sensitive nature of the DRAM industry, changes to the device architecture face significant challenges for adoption. There is thus a need to improve memory system designs, ideally without changing the DRAM device architectures.
This dissertation addresses the challenges faced by DRAM memory systems by leveraging data management. Historically, data management/placement and its interaction with the memory's hardware characteristics have been abstracted away at the system software level. In this dissertation, we describe mechanisms that leverage data placement at the operating system level to improve memory access latency, power/energy efficiency, and capacity. An important advantage of using these schemes is that they require no changes to the DRAM devices and only minor changes to the memory controller hardware. The majority of the changes are limited to the operating system. This thesis also explores data management mechanisms for future memory systems built using new 3D stacked DRAM devices and point-to-point interconnects.
Using the schemes described here, we show improvements in various DRAM metrics. We improve DRAM row-buffer hit rates by co-locating parts of different Operating System (OS) pages in the same row-buffer. This improves performance by 9% and reduces energy consumption by 15%. We also improve page placement to increase opportunities for power-down. This enables a three-fold increase in memory capacity for a given memory power budget. We also show that page placement is an important ingredient in building efficient networks of memories with 3D-stacked memory devices. We report a performance improvement of 49% and an energy reduction of 42% with a design that optimizes page placement and network topology.


Background. In terms of the temporal relationship between pancreas transplantation (PTx) and reversal of diabetic ocular complications, it has been difficult but important to determine a "point of no return." Thus, it is of great clinical interest to evaluate the efficacy of PTx on diabetic ocular complications. Methods. A spontaneous type 2 diabetic model of Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT; RT1a) rats was used in the present study, and syngeneic PTx was performed. Results. In the control SDT rats that received no treatment, hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) was developed from 25.2±3.9 weeks of age. Lens opacity was observed in all rats at 15 weeks after the onset of diabetes. Fluorescein angiography and immunohistochemistry detected the nonperfusion area and neovascularization in the retina at 5 weeks of diabetes. Daily insulin treatment could not prevent or reverse the ocular changes in our experiment. Fluorescein filling defect of the retinal vessels was observed at 10 weeks of diabetes. However, in the PTx rats, normoglycemia was achieved at all experimental time points. Diabetic cataract and retinopathy could have been prevented and improved if PTx had been performed at 5 weeks, but not at 10 weeks after the onset of diabetes. With PTx treatment, an inhibition of angiogenesis in the retina at 5 weeks after the onset of diabetes was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the potential use of the SDT rat for diabetes study and the positive effect of PTx performed before the "point of no return" could prevent and cure diabetic ocular complications.


A glass housing unit for the study of rodent burrowing behavior is described. The results of 18 months of burrowing for a family of Meriones unguiculatus are depicted. The system can be used to investigate relationships among the animals' behaviors, communication processes, and ecology. The most widely studied rodents in the behavioral laboratory, the rat (Rattus norvegicus), mouse (Mus musculus), gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus}, and hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)are investigated almost entirely in isolation from their normal habitat. Paradoxically, they are then required to demonstrate behaviors we believe to be part of their species-typical repertoire (Lockard, 1968). While we can gain considerable information in this fashion, and certainly control the relevant stimuli, in the end we lack certainty as to the ecological importance of the behaviors we so assiduously measure. The message is not to abandon the typical laboratory approach, of course, but to pay more attention to the normal ecology of our fossorial and semifossorial species. To this end we have devised a large glass-enclosed, dirt-filled living area for the study of rodent behavior. The living area is described here, along with the burrow system constructed by a family of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus. The advantages of studying behavior in this context are discussed. Other seminatural observation areas have been described for the Norway rat (Boice, 1977; Flannelly & Lore, 1977) and the Mon golian gerbil (Agren, 1976; Roper & Polioudakis, 1977). LIVING AREA: GERBIL CITY The living enclosure is constructed from double-pane window glass in the shape of a square-cornered horse shoe. It rests on a sheet-metal floor and is open at the top. The glass panes are rigidly joined with aluminum struts. The exact dimensions are seen in Figure 1. Its size requires a room approximately 3.7 x 5.5 m, allowing the investigator to view the burrows from all sides and from within the central opening of the horseshoe. Sandy loam fills the area to the depth of 60 em.


The paper has presented the results of financial analysis of a 160 acres eucalyptus farm in Ahmedabad District. The soil on the farm is sandy loam type and the water is brackish. The fixed capital investments in the business were estimated at Rs. 400 thousand. The analysis supported the conclusions that, in certain situations, (i) individual farm entrepreneur may expect significantly higher returns by practising tree-culture than crop-culture, and (ii) forestry activity with fixed investments averaging Rs. 2,500 or more per acre may prove to be much more economical than with lesser or no investments. Based on these conclusions, the need for involving farm firms in the task of bringing culturable waste lands under trees has been stressed.


The Alltagsgeschichte ('every-day history') which developed in the 1980s has since been challenged as presenting sentimental and simplistic interpretations of the past. Yet the exploration of the routine and the everyday in the lives of individuals, families, neighbourhoods and workplaces continues to throw light on the complexities of popular and personal experience and to raise questions about broader and more long-term developments.


This community service aimed to improve the speaking skills (mahārah kalām) of the Darut Tarbiyah Islamic Boarding School students using the Participatory Action Research approach. The results of community service showed that to improve students' speaking skills (mahārah kalām) it is necessary to apply relevant learning methods according to the characteristics of the students, among the methods carried out are as follows: 1) doing hiwār in pairs using sentence structures provided with intonation good and correct, 2) doing hiwār according to the context of the theme of the conversation precisely and smoothly, 3) imitating examples of uslub questions with good and correct intonation, 4) imitating examples of uslub answering questions with good and correct intonation, 5) getting used to doing hiwār according to the theme chosen by yourself with good and correct intonation


The development of crop coefficients (KC), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is important for estimating irrigationwater requirements in relation to specific crop phenological development. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for onion at Werer Agricultural Research Center, Middle Awash Valley Ethiopia during the main season (July–October) and during cool cropping seasons (March–June) from 2012-2015. Three non weighing lysimeters of 1.6 m x 1.6 m in surface area and 2 m deep were used to measure crop water use and local weather data were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo).The results showed that the obtained Kc values for main cropping season planted onion during initial, crop development, mid season and late-season stages were 0.57, 0.78, 1.03 and 0.77 respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding Kc values for cool cropping season planted onion were 0.49, 0.90, 1.01, and 0.79in the respective growth stages. The seasonal crop evapotranspiration was 525.83mm and 465.57mm during main and cool cropping season respectively. The measured Kc values were significantly different from the FAO-56 reported values. Therefore, local calibration of crop coefficients is an essential for efficient irrigation water management and precise water applications.


....................................................................................................6 DECLARATION.............................................................................................................7 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT........................................................................................8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................10 1. Thesis Outline ...........................................................................................................16 CHAPTER ONE. The academic interest in children's l iterature in translation.......................................................................................................................18 1.1. Early academic interest............................................................................................18 1.2. The function and cultural context of children's literature in translation..................19 1.3. The 'cultural turn' and the interdisciplinary approaches..........................................21 1.4. Comparative children's literature.............................................................................23 CHAPTER TWO. Theoretical approaches to children's literature and its translation.......................................................................................................................25 2.1. What is children's literature.....................................................................................25 2.1.1. What makes a book, a book for children.........................................................26 2.1.2. The ambivalence of books for children...........................................................29 2.1.3. Dual readership and child image.....................................................................32 2.2. The functions of books for children.........................................................................34 2.2.1. Entertainment..................................................................................................34 2.2.2. Education.........................................................................................................36 2.2.3. Textual adaptation in children's literature.......................................................39 2.3. Narrative theory and children's literature.................................................................41 2.4. The role of translators of books for children............................................................48 2.4.1. The challenges of translating for children.......................................................50 2.5. Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of children's literature............................53


Short characteristics of submarine canyons located between the rivers Mzymta and Psou and supervisions for their dynamics and influence on coastal constructions are examined in this report. The scheme of an underwater canyon with the directions of wave beams, the line of collapse of waves, their border groundswell to the coast and coastal constructions is presented. It is suggested to define an altitude of the length of
groundswell of collapsing waves to the coast on the basis of the law of energy conservation of surfy waves. The detailed calculating procedure taking into account a roughness and permeability of beaches is described. Testing calculation of landwash according to the offered procedure for the zone of the canyon and out of it.


Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and nanosilica (SiO2) composites may offer many improved mechanical as well as electrical performance compared to a virgin LDPE. This study focuses on analyzing the partial discharge characteristic of LDPE nanocomposites. Different weight percentages (from 0 to 8wt%) of silica (SiO2) nano particles were introduced as fillers into the LDPE base. The laboratory prepared nanocomposite samples were subjected to electrical stress or aging using the familiar CIGRE Method II setup. Partial discharge pulses were counted for both polarities for upto 60 minutes stress duration. The results show that the PD number of the samples is positively affected by the presence of nanosilica filler when the filler content is above 4wt%. The PD number of a virgin LDPE reduces to half when 8wt% of nanosilica filler is added irrespective of the PD polarities.


Language and culture are two aspects which interchange each other where the language is a medium to get information about the culture. As the product of language and culture, oral tradition plays a vital role in Maluku not only as the most powerful and sacred chant that regulate the life of people but also as the folk song that contains history, advice, and prayer. Kapata nowadays is assumed as the endangered oral traditions in Maluku. To rediscover the endangered oral traditions, descriptive qualitative research by using interview and library study in gaining the supporting information was implemented. Furthermore, this research was aimed (1) to figure out the history of Kapata and the way to preserve it (2) to map out the categories of Kapata and its function in social life, and (3) to elaborate the meaning of language expression conveyed in Kapata . Through this research, it is hoped that Kapata can be preserved by implementing it in formal education, art performance and framing in an advanced documentation so that all generations of Maluku are able to not only to recognize and make use it in social life as the way to preserve the Kapata as an endangered oral tradition.


An office building in San Jose, CA use zero electricity, produce zero carbon dioxide, and still be a comfortable workplace.


Digital terrain visualization has received increasing research interest in recent years. One main problem focus has been the large size of terrain data, which needs to be stored on secondary storage hence causing a performance slow-down in terrain visualization. This paper surveys secondary storage terrain visualization techniques with a particular focus on spatial database systems supporting terrain visualization using TIN. Problems that need further investigation in this area are discussed and the approach to improve secondarystorage terrain visualization performance is proposed.


The incorporation of a relativistic momentum of a nonelectromagnetic nature into macroscopic problems of electrodynamics obviates the lack of correspondence between the electromagnetic mass and the electromagnetic momentum of macroscopic bodies, allowing, in particular, the resolution of the well-known ' paradox.'


Dialkyl 2-(o-acylbenzoyl)-1,2-dihydro-1-isoquinolyl-phosphonates (1) were prepared by reactions of isoquinoline, o-acylbenzoyl chloride, and trialkyl phosphites. Treatment of 1 with lithium diisopr...


Blended coal quality analysis and coke strength measurement are made on different proportion of Medium temperature pitch in blended coal,is formulated when Medium timperature pitch is added on 2% arithmetical progression,blended coal character and coke strength is changed disciplinary.It is propitious to the advance of caking capacity of blended coal and coke strength.


in 2020. 2 This meeting report presents a 40-year forecast of the number of persons with POAG in the United States, based on data from prevalence studies performed in the United States and from more recent population-based studies. Our forecast estimates a significant demographic shift in the number of persons with POAG in the United States. In addition, we highlight factors influencing this shift—particularly, sex and racial disparities—and we outline geographic variations in the number of persons with POAG in the United States. The number of persons aged 40 years and older with POAG in the United States was calculated. Details of our methodology are provided elsewhere. 3 For purposes of this meeting report, we provide a summary of the methodology here. For estimating the number of persons with POAG in the United States from 2011 to 2050, we applied age, sex, and racial and ethnic prevalence rates from selected population-based studies to U.S. population estimates from the U.S. Census. As recommended by the U.S. Census, our analyses were based on a 2008 updated version of population estimates and the 2009 updated version of population projections of the 2000 U.S. Census. 4,5 Because it is unclear whether prevalence rates of POAG from studies performed outside the United States are applicable to the United States, we selected, when possible, studies that were performed in the United States only and chose not to use the pooled prevalence rates from the previously published meta-analysis. The primary criterion for study selection was that the data be from the most recent prevalence studies in the United States. Studies were included if POAG was defined on the basis of an assessment of the optic nerve, visual fields, or both. Intraocular pressure could not be used to define POAG. The detailed information on different diagnostic criteria and reasons to include or exclude each U.S. population-based study


Induction of HLA-DR antigen expression by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is inhibited by trypsin inhibitors and an anti-trypsin monoclonal antibody, but not by chymotrypsin inhibitors, suggesting a requirement for trypsinlike protease (TLP) activity in IFN-γ-induced HLA-DR expression. Using p-nitroanilide and thioester substrates, TLP activity was demonstrated in cellular extracts of a hybrid epidermal cell line and judged to be essential for HLA-DR expression. TLP activity was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitors soybean trypsin inhibitor, ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor, and tosyl-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone and by an anti-trypsin monoclonal antibody, closely paralleling inhibition of HLA-DR expression by such agents. TLP activity was enhanced by exposure to trypsin-linked agarose, indicating that the protease normally exists in an inactive form, perhaps in an enzyme-inhibitor complex or as an activatable proenzyme. Finding glucocorticoids (GC) to also inhibit IFN-γ-induced HLA-DR expression and to regulate serine prote...


We explore the family of methods "PAC-Bayes with Backprop" (PBB) to train probabilistic neural networks by minimizing PAC-Bayes bounds. We present two training objectives, one derived from a previously known PAC-Bayes bound, and a second one derived from a novel PAC-Bayes bound. Both training objectives are evaluated on MNIST and on various UCI data sets. Our experiments show two striking observations: we obtain competitive test set error estimates (~1.4% on MNIST) and at the same time we compute non-vacuous bounds with much tighter values (~2.3% on MNIST) than previous results. These observations suggest that neural nets trained by PBB may lead to self-bounding learning, where the available data can be used to simultaneously learn a predictor and certify its risk, with no need to follow a data-splitting protocol.


Design issues and experiences in some of HRL's recent demonstrated state-of-the-art circuits are presented and discussed. The performance of static dividers and voltage controlled oscillators, has been significantly improved by utilizing the high break-down voltage of the DHBT. The technology utilized here offers an f/sub T/ of about 135 GHz, and a current gain of about 30. The dividers and VCOs designed in this technology exhibit toggling frequencies beyond 100 GHz and phase noise less than -80 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz from carrier (44 GHz in this case), respectively.


Over the course of a year, two professors with knowledge of drug policy and practice visited each other's countries and engaged with various interdisciplinary professionals to experience how the United States and Portugal deal differently with an opioid crisis. Both were struck by the similarity in the problems and the difference in policy enacted to address them. There were three central themes in this exchange experience: 1) the centerpiece of each policy, 2) the systemic approach to addressing the problem, and 3) the differences between a public not-for-profit treatment system versus a private for-profit system.


non-smokers, and smoking probably has an additive rather than synergistic effect. Lymphoidinfiltration of the mucus glands of the airways and the salivary and lachrymal glands may lead to the triad ofdry cough, dry eyes, and dry mouth in Sjogren's syndrome.'7 More serious effects on the airways include chondritis of the tracheal rings in relapsing polychondritis and obliterative bronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pulmonary vascular disease may cause some of the more unpleasant complications of the connective tissue diseasespulmonary hypertension, pulmonary haemorrhage, and thromboembolic disease. Pulmonaryhypertension is a feature of scleroderma and of systemic lupus erythematosis, and pulmonary vasospasm induced by cold may be associated with Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma' -but the evidence that this is the cause of the pulmonary hypertension is not convincing. A link has been suggested between pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus and antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids (anticardiolipin antibodies),'9 and these antibodies are correlated with thrombosis and platelet hyperreactivity. Again no causal relation has been established between anticardiolipin antibodies and pulmonary hypertension. Some patients with apparently isolated pulmonary disease may have connective tissue diseases. Patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis may have hyperglobulinaemia and antinuclear antibodies, a combination which has been associated with Raynaud's phenomenon and digital vasculitis.20 Similarly primary pulmonary hypertension affects mostly women of child bearing age-that is, the same group who suffer from connective tissue disease-and Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperglobulinaemia, and other features of systemic lupus erythematosus are more common in patients with this disease than in the general population. Acute pulmonary and pleural inflammation often respond well to steroid and cytotoxic drugs, but severe irreversible airways obstruction, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension usually respond poorly, although a trial of treatment should be attempted. Infection, drug toxicity, and malignancy should all be considered in patients with connective tissue disease. Pulmonary shadows in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are often caused by infection, and the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus pneumonitis should be made by exclusion.2' Solitary pulmonary nodules should always be fully investigated. Both disease and treatment may increase the risk of opportunistic infection, and bronchoscopy and needle biopsy are commonly indicated. Even open lung biopsy may be necessary to make a diagnosis.


s from submissions* * The PC is not responsible for any misappropriate use of scientific content in the abstracts. The abstracts have been typographically edited by the PC. Submission#1: Immunoinformatics Virtual poster Analysis of gp41 antigenic epitopes of HIV 1a: an in silico approach Saliha Kiran Muhammad Ilyas, Abida Shehzadi and Ayma Aftab 1. Department of Bioinformatics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2. National centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Corresponding author: email@example.com Background: HIV infected individuals in Pakistan is about 80,000, i.e. 0.1% in comparison to the 38.6 million infected patients worldwide. HIV viral glycoprotein, gp41 assists the viral entry into host cell. Hence, viral gp41 of Pakistani population was analyzed for the CD4 and CD8 T cells binding epitopes as effective candidate of vaccine. Results: Immunoinformatics tools were applied for the study of varient region of HIV envelope protein, i.e. gp41. The protein nature was analyzed using freely accessible computational software. About 90 dp41 sequences of Pakistani origin were aligned and variable and conserved regions were found. Four segments were found to be conserved in gp41 viral protein. A method was developed, involving the secondary structure, surface accessibility, hydrophobicity, antigenicity and molecular docking for the prediction and location of epitopes in the viral glycoprotein. Some highly conserved CD4 and CD8 binding epitopes were also found using multiple parameters and docking analysis with HIV binding ligand (enfuvirtide) at minimum energies -302.369 KJ. The predicted epitopes mostly fall in the conserved region of 1-12; 14-22 and 25-46 and hence we believe they can used as continuous peptides as effective vaccine candidates. Conclusion: The study revealed potential HIV subtype a derived CTL epitopes from viral proteome of Pakistani origin. The conserved epitopes are highly useful for the diagnosis of the HIV 1 subtype a. This study will also help scientists to promote research for vaccine development against HIV 1 subtype A to save Pakistani population from potential disease.


After the sudden outbreak of Coronavirus in Wuhan, continuous and rich data of the epidemic has been made public as the vital fact for decision support in control measures and aggressive implementation of containment strategies and plans. With the further growth and spreading of the virus, future resource allocation and planning under updated strategies and measures rely on careful study of the epidemic data and characteristics for accurate prediction and estimation. By using the SIR model and reported data, key parameters are obtained from least sum of squared errors for an accurate prediction of epidemic trend in the last four weeks.


Ring-Rearrangement During the Mitsunobu Alkylation of Phthalazinones and Indazolols

The Mitsunobu alkylation of substituted phthalazinones and indazolols with cyclic hydroxy- and hydroxymethyl-substituted amines was investigated. In addition to the expected derivatives ring-narrowed and ring-enlarged rearrangement products were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The occurence of these products can be explained by the existence of a bicyclic intermediate. The results of the reaction of phthalazinones with optically active amine compounds show a stereospecific reaction mechanism. The reaction of the phthalazinones leads to N-substituted products, while in the case of the indazolols O-substituted derivatives were isolated. A postulated bicyclic intermediate, 1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, was synthesized as chloride.


A key and a set of descriptions, based solely on vegetative characteristics, is provided for the identification of 66 genera and 160 grass species, both native a nd naturalized, of the Texas Hill Country. The principal characters used (features of longevit y, growth form, roots, rhizomes and stolons, culms, leaf sheaths, collars, auricles, ligule s, leaf blades, vernation, vestiture, and habitat) are discussed and illustrated. This treatment should prove useful at times when reproductive material is not available.


There are various types of method used to produce Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the road pavement such as Marshall Mix Design, Hveem Method and the latest method called Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement or Superpave. There are many problems arise related to healthcare of the workers on paving site and emissions of heat and odor. Emission of heat and odour during placement are dangerous to the public near the construction site and most affected is the construction workers. Moreover, PAH which is Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon where the most dangerous fumes emission can be found during mixing process of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). PAH contains carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic in which can be hazardous to health. Saving energy consumption surely helps in emission of greenhouse gases and conservation of natural resources. This study was conducted to determine the potential of Crude Palm Oil as an additive in asphalt mixture in order to lower the mixing temperature of Hot Mix Asphalt. In addition, this study also focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the specimens (crude palm oil) in the Marshall Mix Design Method. The flexible road pavement that to be constructed by adding 0.3% of the CPO into hot mix asphalt mixture can be improved in terms of reducing heat and emission of hazardous gaseous without affecting the workability, durability, stability and the strength of the HMA. All of the related tests were conducted in the highway laboratory to collect data and determine the Marshall properties of HMA. All the information which related to procedures, processes and techniques used to produce HMA with additional of CPO will be explained detailed in this study. The information and the guideline used to obtain and calculate all the properties of the material for HMA to ensure the mixture produced will meet the requirement and criteria for the Marshall Mix Design also will be included. As a result, this study was not successfully achieved its main objective which is, either CPO or the temperatures are the causes of the failure in VFA values. For this reason, more research and experimental work needed to be done to evaluate the material performance on the physical and chemical properties of asphalts and the additive (CPO).


Suggestopedia is a teaching method focuses on the teacher-learner relationship while teaching and learning process is going on in the classroom that might be used to encourage the students especially for reading a descriptive text. This study was to explore the senior high school students' ability on reading descriptive text by using a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental approach. Sample was taken randomly, with 60 students were devided into two groups, 30 students were taken as control class while another 30 students as experimental class. By using a reading text as the instrument of the research, the researcher found that suggestopedia method was proven to be effective with the average pre-test control class was 38,6 and post-test control class was 53,3. The average pre-test in the experimental class was 46 and post-test experimental class was 90,8. The value of t-test higher than the value of t-table was (20,41>2,001) which means that suggestopedia method makes learning process more interesting and more effective for senior high school students.


The invention discloses a downlink multiuser transmission method and device, and the method comprises the steps that a station participating in downlink multiuser transmission adjusts uplink transmission time of sending a wireless frame to an AP (access point), and enables the wireless frame transmitted by the station to be able to reach the AP within the allowed time error; the station transmits the wireless frame to the AP according to the uplink transmission time, wherein the wireless frame transmitted by each station comprises a first part content and a second part content. The first part content comprises conventional station recognizable information, and the second part content comprises the information of the corresponding station.


(57) Abstract: improved laser eye treatment and / or eye tracking system, methods and devices are made with use of two image acquisition devices 13. Image acquisition device is arranged off the optical axis of the eye and / or any laser delivery system 28. This is particularly, when using infrared imaging to track a pupil of the eye, enhance binding contrast of an image acquisition device such as a camera having a charge coupled device CCD. The two off-axis cameras may be independently used the movement of the pupil along the horizontal axis of the two orthogonal eyes to track (XY tracking), also indicates the position of the eye along the optical axis or Z-axis It can be.


The temperature field of all pass in the hot rolling process was studied with the aid of two dimensional elastic-plastic and large deform FEM that using general software Marc. The distribution and change of temperature field in the rolling were analyzed. The model prediction of temperature field calculating agreed well with experimentally measured temperature and verified the accuracy of the research result. The result show contactheat conduction and deformation heat are the main factors that influence temperature change,and their synthetic functions determine the workpiece temperature changes on every node. This search provide reference for guiding the practice work.3figs.,1tab.,11refs.


��� The 'Aufarbeitung' – the exploration or investigation – of Germany's imperial past has been one of the more exciting developments in the recent historiography of modern Germany, and a crucial element in the recent discussion among German historians of the potentials of transnational history. A growing flood of studies of German imperial policy, life and death in the German colonies, German colonialist organizations, German colonial literature, and colonial ideas, influences and tropes in German culture has poured from the presses in the past decade or so. Increasingly, German historians interested in empire have begun to assert that this work, taken together, now requires us to rethink the nature and dynamics of German nationalism, German politics and German culture. Given the growing bulk of scholarly production on the subject, this seems a plausible expectation; and yet, in some respects it is still not clear, from the literature, precisely what the terms of such a revision should be. At the most basic level, for example, there is actually growing disagreement as to what the term 'empire' means. Equally disturbing, there is growing disagreement to as to what 'empire' does not mean – that is, what kinds of polities we distinguish Germany from when we call it an empire. Drawing on this burgeoning literature, this essay seeks to address, and perhaps to help clarify, three specific questions – questions that can, I hope, help us to define the terms and aims of an 'imperial' revision of modern German history. The first is simply this: what kind of empire was the German Empire? Second, to what extent was it an empire; or, more precisely, how do we relate the aspiration to be an empire to the aspiration to be a nation? And third, was the German Empire different from other European empires?


There is a lack of clarity concerning the delivery of nutrition services in the rural setting. This study aimed to determine features of a best practice dietetic service for rural patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The study design was a randomised controlled trial, comparing a predetermined best practice protocol with usual care, as provided by the local hospital. Twenty-four patients were recruited (57% response rate), average age 60.5 yrs. At assessment 38% were classified as malnourished using the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), 50% scoring 4 or greater indicating they required nutrition intervention. Participants were surveyed regarding their preferred methods of follow-up and service delivery. Care was individualised and attempts were made to utilise newer technology to deliver components of the service. A majority lived greater than 20km from the hospital, with 33.3% living greater than 100km away. Services were provided most days of the week and at various times. Patients allocated to usual care received fewer services in total. The preferred method of review was phone or in person at the time of treatment. In the rural setting it seems that highly defined protocols for best practice are unsuitable. In this study more than half of all the service delivery was outside the designated clinic times. Services designed for rural based patients need to be flexible in; method of delivery, days of service provision and availability of the dietitian. These extra needs should be included in any staffing profiles.


The vehicle safety system includes a collision avoidance system including a distance measuring device for determining a distance to an adjacent vehicle, and the collision avoidance system includes a transmitter (74) and a receiver (70). A communication system is used to communicate with the roadside terminal. The communication system transmits and receives data to and from roadside terminals using the same transmitter and receiver, respectively.


In this study, the sliding wear of a DIN 18MnCrSiMo6-4 continuous cooling bainitic steel plasma nitrided with a nitrogen rich gas composition was investigated. To evaluate the influence of processing time and temperature on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of nitrided layer, the samples were nitrided at 400, 450, 500 and 550 °C for 3, 6 and 9 h. The produced nitrided layers were characterized concerning the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness and surface roughness. The samples were tested by ball-on-flat reciprocating dry sliding for friction coefficient and wear analysis. The tests were stopped after a given damage criteria involving the rapid growth of the friction coefficients and wear. The correlation of the different treatment parameters and resulting case depths and surface hardness with sliding distance at the time of microcracks formation or delamination of the surface layer was evaluated statistically by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The plasma nitrided samples at 550 °C showed better wear performances in the ball-on-flat tests than the other groups investigated, since these samples have a thicker compound layer and diffusion zone higher than the other conditions investigated. In general, the beginning wear is slower because of the hardest region of the compound layer.


A nursing union has criticised a hospital for preventing nurses from returning to work after taking part in a one-day strike.


Introduction: History and the Stomach 1 The National Stomach: Indigestion and Nineteenth-Century British Society: An Overview 2 The Ulcerated Stomach: Gastric Diagnosis and the Reorganisation of Medical Knowledge, c.1800-1860 3 The Laboratory Stomach: Gastric Analysis in an Era of Vivisection and Force-Feeding Controversies, c.1870-1920 4 The Surgical Stomach: Berkeley Moynihan's Surgical Revolution and Duodenal Ulcer Disease, c.1880-1920 5 The Psychosomatic Stomach: British Society, Wartime Dyspepsia and the Return of the Patient, c.1920-1945 Concluding Remarks


These days any attempt to model technical objects needs to deal with the development of social usage and the appropriation of technologies (Jouet, 2000; Proulx, 2005; Granjon 2004; Vidal, 2012, etc.) which have an influence through being used in ways for which they were not intended or being "poached" (Certeau, 1980) according to dynamics which can include the possibility for users to modify the structure of the interactivity framework. As Bruno Latour wrote (1991: 4), it is possible to "incl...


Ribonucleic acid which was normally present in Toxoplasma gondii was found to disappear or become undemonstrable during the action of the dye-test antibodies using cytochemical techniques. A possible explanation for the mechanism of the dye test has been put forward based on this evidence.


Abstract While Negative Polarity Items are generally ungrammatical in veridical environments (*I said anything), they are known to be found in factive environments that involve veridicality (I regret you said anything). There is however disagreement in the literature about the types of factive environments in which any is found. This paper proposes the first systematic large-scale survey of the use of any with factive predicates. Based on corpora totaling nearly 5 billion words, the paper establishes the relative frequency of any licensed by the different factive predicates (epistemic factives, as well positive, negative and counterexpectative emotives). Negative emotive factives (e.g. regret) were found to license any 1.8 times more frequently than counterexpectative factives (be amazed), which license any 25.8 times more than do positive emotives (be glad). Emotive factives are associated with counterfactual preferences and expectations that make available a negative reading that licenses any. The examination of the data does not support a rescuing analysis that separates these occurrences of any from other licensed uses. On the contrary, the data show that any is licensed by at-issue meaning, as proposed by (Horn, Laurence. 2016. Licensing NPIs: Some negative (and positive) results. In Pierre Larrivée & Chungmin Lee (eds.), Negation and polarity. Experimental and cognitive perspectives, 281–305. Dordrecht: Springer.).


Introduction: the lack of references to crises similar to COVID-19 in the past makes it difficult to predict what may happen in the immediate future. Logically, the present effects of this pandemic are without doubt documented, but those that will leave their mark on the different protagonists at medium and long-term are more subject to debate. Objectives: to demonstrate the role of the control environment as a basis for the internal control in coping with COVID-19. Methods: the strategy to cope with COVID-19 is designed; the role of the elements that are involved in the control environment and the relationship with the process of human-health capital is evidenced. Results: the process map to develop the strategy to cope with COVID-19 where the internal control is materialized in a cross-sectional approach, as the significance of the elements involved in the control environment such as: planning, ethical values, proven competences, organizational structure in addition to the human resources policies, and the practices, as well as the relationships with the actions established to direct the human-health capital. Conclusions: the impact reflected to cope with this pandemic along with the elements of the control environment, as the basis for the cross-sectional process (internal control) designed for the strategy to cope with COVID-19, as well as the importance of the processes and the relationships to direct the elements involved in human-health capital, allow establishing a strategy of improvement based on an action plan.


Delaying the absorption of glucose through α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition is one of the therapeutic approaches in the management of Type 2 diabetes, which can reduce the incidence of postprandial hyperglycemia. The existence of chronic postprandial hyperglycemia impaired the endogenous antioxidant defense due to inducing oxidative stress induced pancreatic β-cell destruction through uncontrolled free radicals generation such as ROS, which in turn, leads to various macrovascular and microvascular complications. The currently available α-glucosidase inhibitors, for instance, acarbose have some side effects such as hypoglycemia at higher doses, liver problems, meteorism, diarrhea, and lactic acidosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop potential α-glucosidase inhibitors in recent years. Based on such motifs, researchers are intrigued to search for the best scaffold that displays various biological activities. Among them, coumarin scaffold has attracted great attention, which can be isolated from various natural products and/or synthesized for the development of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors. Therefore, this review describes the applications of coumarin-containing derivatives based on published reports as α-glucosidase inhibitors and will be useful for innovative approaches in the search for novel coumarin-based antidiabetic drugs with less toxicity and more potency.


The development of virtualization technology has promoted the development of computers in education, and the reform of basic education courses has promoted profound reforms in science education. The integration of virtualization technology and science teaching is an inevitable trend in the development of information technology and science education, and it is also training the inevitable requirement of talents with scientific culture and innovation ability. This article takes undergraduates as the research object and aims at the application characteristics of local higher education institutions, combined with the purpose of higher technical personnel training, application practical ability, and innovation ability, to establish a training system for college students with innovation ability suitable for engineering application undergraduate talent training mode, and improve students' research and innovation ability and engineering practice ability. This article proposes to organically integrate virtualization technology with undergraduate students' engineering innovation ability training courses, explore virtual technology experimental models, cognitive models, promote student self-study and student mutual learning, where students actively participate, and strengthen student innovation and creativity training. Improve the ability of design and transform teacher education into student-centered. The results of the study show that students' innovative ability generally accounts for 56%, and the effects of innovative activities organized by schools generally account for as high as 70%. Students are generally not very enthusiastic about innovation.


ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to measure the influence of past employment interruptions on current wages and to analyze how these interruptions contribute to the gender wage gap. The discontinuity in labor trajectories of Spanish employees from 2005 to 2010 is examined by measuring the duration of unemployment periods from employees' first Social Security affiliation to the last job at which they were employed. Through the use of the database "Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales" (MCVL), the estimated gender wage gap is found to be 13.1 percent. Introducing an index of interruptions as an explanatory variable, the results show that interruptions have a negative impact on both men's and women's wages. These interruptions explain 7.4 percent of the daily gender wage gap in Spain, primarily because women experience more interruptions in employment than men.


PURPOSE: A calibration method of the magnetometer error using a line of sight vector is provided to presume and to correct the magnetometer error by compositing an extended kalman filter, thereby using the calibration method for intergrated navigation system which needs accurate navigation. CONSTITUTION: A calibration method of the magnetometer error using a line of sight vector comprises: a step of correcting deviation generated from a magnetic sensor; a step of presuming the azimuth of body by using a line sight vector; and a step of compensating the magnetometer error through an extended kalman filter. The azimuth presuming step additionally comprises a step of measuring present location of a body by using a GPS.


Analytical expressions are presented for the spectral density of current fluctuations derived from a rigorous theoretical analysis which can be applied at any electric‐field strength. The main peculiarities of these spectra are discussed from an analytical point of view and in terms of the physical processes involved at increasing electric fields. Then, two different expressions are provided for an analytical fitting of spectra based on physical parameters related to a rigorous eigenvalue expansion of the correlation functions. These model spectra are in good agreement with the experiments and the results of Monte Carlo simulations for the case of p‐type Si at 77 K.


Lack of appropriate biomarkers has hampered early detection of urothelial cancer (UC), therefore, development of biomarkers for its diagnosis at earlier stages is of importance. Laminin‐332 (Ln‐332, formerly Ln‐5), a component of basement membranes, consists of Ln‐α3, Ln‐β3, and Ln‐γ2 polypeptides. However, monomeric Ln‐γ2 alone is frequently expressed in malignant neoplasms. If Ln‐γ2 is also expressed in UC and secreted into the urine, its detection could be useful for UC diagnosis. Here, we evaluated Ln‐γ2 levels from 60 patients with urinary diseases (including UC) by Western blotting, and detected it in approximately 53% of UC cases. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirmed Ln‐γ2 expression in UC tissues that were positive for Ln‐γ2, whereas Ln‐α3 expression was absent. We next developed a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and applied it for screening 39 patients with non‐muscle invasive UC and 61 patients with benign urologic diseases. The Ln‐γ2 levels were higher in UC patients than in those with benign urologic diseases. Ln‐γ2 was detected even in patients with earlier stages of UC, such as Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ. The sensitivity of Ln‐γ2 testing for UC was 97.4%, and the specificity was 45.9%, using a cut‐off of 0.5 μg/g∙crn. Ln‐γ2 had greater diagnostic value for detecting non‐muscle invasive UC compared to conventional urine cytology and available biomarkers for UC, and may be useful as a urine biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of UC.


Pascal Ledru Aerospatiale, Inc 670 Discovery Drive Huntsville, Alabama, 35806 pledru@ cs. uah.edu Concurrent programming on tightly coupled systems is intended to be based on tasks communicating through rendezvous, unprotected shared variables, or protected objects. Concurrent programming on loosely coupled systems is intended to be based on partitions communicating through remote procedure calls, unprotected shared variables, or entry-less protected objects. It may therefore be difficult to port an application from a tightly coupled system to a loosely coupled system since protected objects with entries are not available anymore. This paper presents how protected objects with entries can be implemented through the concept of Shared Active packages.


Junxin Guo,1,2 Da Shuai,3 Jianxin Wei,3 Pinbo Ding3 and Boris Gurevich2,4 1Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China 2WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia 3State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting and CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 4CSIRO, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington 6152, Western Australia, Australia


Abstract In soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] field trials during 1982 and 1983, the effects of seed inoculation with appropriate rhizobia and different levels of NPK fertilizers on yield and yield quality were assessed at two soil salinity levels (EC = 2.9 and 6.8 mmhos cm‐1). For both soils, seed inoculation with rhizobia markedly increased nodule development (number and weight), growth and grain yield, and oil and protein contents of seed. Growth and grain yield were lower in saline than in non‐saline soil. The highest yields of grain from the two soils (5290 and 4720 kg grain ha‐1) were achieved with 213 kg N + 24 kg P + 48 kg K ha‐1. Equal seed yields were obtained by dressing with 142 kg N ha‐1 or by inoculating seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Inoculation increased oil and protein contents of seed, and in some cases surpassed the oil and protein content obtained with the highest N fertilization rate (213 kg N ha‐1). Substantial increases in soybean growth, yield quantity, and seed quality were a...


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The Action Semantics for UML provides a standard and platform independent way to describe the behavior of methods and executable actions in object-oriented system design prior to implementation allowing the development of highly automated and optimized code generators for UML CASE tools.


The influence of a tumor necrosis factor, administered 16 h before irradiation of rats, on the radiation response of thymus and bone marrow cells has been investigated. Three and 6 h after irradiation the following indices were analyzed: the number of apoptotic cells in the thymus; the accumulation of polydeoxyribonucleotides and the appearance of single-strand breaks in DNA of bone marrow and thymus cells; and the electrophoretic properties of thymocyte DNA. The injection of a tumor necrosis factor reduced the number of polydeoxyribonucleotides, inhibited internucleosome DNA fragmentation, and did not influence the formation of single-strand breaks in DNA.


This article discusses the Crash Data Retrieval (CDR) Tool Report. The CDR Tool Report is a device used in crash reconstruction to help fill in blanks that may be limited from the crash scene data collected and helps the analyst to better evaluate the crash in a more complete way. The article presents an accident analysis involving a Ford F-150 truck, a Toyota Corolla and a Toyota RAV4.


Background: Most cholangiocarcinoma patients present at an advanced stage of the disease. Palliative treatment options include PTBD and ERCP with biliary stenting. Although quality of life (QOL) is of importantce in terminal or advanced malignancy, a number of studies on palliative ERCP and biliary stenting focus mostly on stent patency and survival, with limited data on QOL outcomes. The present study was aimed to assess QOL in patients with unresectable complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma who had undergone endoscopic biliary drainage. Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with unresectable Bismuth type II-IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma were prospectively treated with either plastic or metallic stent. QOL was assessed at baseline (prior to treatment) and 2-4 weeks after endoscopic biliary stent insertion, using the format of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep). QOL scores for the pre-treatment and the post-treatment groups were analyzed. Results: Biliary drainage was associated with post-treatment reduction of serum bilirubin by 14.68 mg/ dL (p >0.05). Patients reported improved social and domestic, emotional, functional, and hepatobiliary cancer subscale scores, but decreased physical well-being scores. Total FACT-Hep scores improved 5.62 points after treatment. No statistical significance was detected. Patients with successful drainage (n = 22) showed more QOL improvement, especially regarding emotional well-being in which statistical significance was detected (p <0.05). The majority (46%) exhibited clinically significant improvement of FACT-Hep scores. Conclusion: Palliative unilateral biliary drainage can decrease symptoms of jaundice and improved QOL of the patients. Statistical improvement of emotional well-being was shown in patients with successful drainage. Further study with larger sample size is needed.


INTRODUCTION: Writing is a complex, metacognitive task which requires planning, execution, and evaluation of an evolving text simultaneously. OBJECTIVES: This paper presents Author Prop, a web application for writing that aims to address the need for "cognitive props" during composition. The software particularly targets students, whose relative inexperience may lead to high levels of cognitive load and low engagement during writing. METHODS: To provide a mental prop to writers, Author Prop provides topic-based decomposition of texts using intelligent highlighting. Furthermore, the software allows users to interact with topics (described as keyword lists) during periods of reflection, with the aim to ease and maintain creative thinking. RESULTS: Of the 78 surveyed users, 42% said they would use the app for writing, and 70% said they enjoyed using the app. CONCLUSION: Initial survey results from beta testing of the web application indicate encouraging reception of the software.


Since the beginning of the 21st century, Taiwan has transitioned towards democratization. In 2000, the young opposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), defeated and replaced the authoritarian ruling party, the Kuomintang (KMT), for the first time. However, this critical political change failed to meet the social reform expectations of the people, which resulted in the triumph of the KMT in the presidential election in 2008. The same story was repeated in 2016 when the KMT and President Ma Ying-jeou lost their legitimacy to the public, and they were replaced by the current President Tsai Ing-wen, the DPP leader. This article interprets the extremely difficult policy choice of Taiwan towards China and how its relationship with China shapes social development issues behind these political changes. Democratization has long been regarded as the main driving force for East Asian welfare development, especially with the cases of Taiwan and Korea. However, in conclusion, this article argues the importance of globalization in shaping domestic politics and managing welfare expectations.


The femtocell is initially known as Home Base Station (HBS) dedicated for the residential usage where only the primary user has the access authority. Recent investigation evolved to the femtocell or small cell that allows the open access of any mobile subscribers (i.e. the indoor small BSs deployed by the operator in the malls). Our basic aim is focus on such network herein termed as the femtocell and macrocell network where the macrocell overlaps with the densely deployed small BS. The discontinuous coverage of microcell causes the increased registration signaling overhead in the femtocell and microcell network where the dense femtocellls overlapped with a macrocell are partitioned into small Tracking Areas (TAs). After Survey and new approach known as Delay Registration (DR) algorithm is proposed for overhead reduction with the expense of sacrificing the traffic offloading capability of the femtocell and macrocell in such case and also handoff management. However, its compatibility is greatly restricted because its effective execution requires the accurate estimation of the mobile station (MS) information and Network parameter as well. We design a new scheme to enable both the low signaling cost, location update without the complicated information estimation and the traffic offloading using the inter-cell handover. In this thesis, proposed methodology has been presented. This proposed system is implemented in Matlab 2013a. It will show to us some affected parameters are Network Channel Capacity, offloading traffic, overlapped cell with one area to another area we used here in algorithm DR algorithms and Reduce Overhead Signaling


This study aimed to identify sources of external knowledge in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, it aimed to determine how external knowledge flow affects the different types of SMEs' innovation capabilities (product, process, organizational, and marketing innovation capability). A quantitative approach was adopted to achieve the objectives. A questionnaire survey was used to collect study data from 83 random SME managers/owners in Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study showed that customers were the main source of external knowledge in SMEs. The results of the regression analysis also demonstrated that external knowledge flow has a significant effect on SMEs' innovation capabilities. External knowledge explains the changes in SMEs' products and their process innovation capability. Additionally, external knowledge flow was a significant predictor of SMEs' organizational innovation capability. The findings of the study provide policymakers and managers with many suggestions for developing innovations in SMEs. Additionally, this study provides a basis for researchers to conduct more future studies related to innovation and knowledge flow in SMEs.


When excited as a scatterer, a circular conducting loop loaded with an impedance having a circumference of about one electrical wavelength long may resonate in either of two orthogonal electric dipole modes with different frequencies.


Rather large errors occur when measuring pressures of around 5×103-104 Pa with a Pirani vacuum gauge in constant current mode, as the change in output voltage is very small. Thus, an attempt was made to achieve more accurate pressure measurement in this range by modifying the thermal conductivity arising from the natural convection flow of gas with the shape of the envelope. The experimental results showed that the pressure range with a large change in output per relative change in pressure expanded to lower pressures when the inner diameter of the envelope increased. For envelopes with an inner diameter of 72 mm, the change |pd V/dp| was greater than 50 mV at pressures from 1.5×103 Pa to atmospheric pressure, while the change |pd V/dp| was less than 20 mV at pressures of less than 2×104 Pa for envelopes with an inner diameter of 34 mm. Thus, more accurate pressure measurement near 104 Pa was achieved with this large envelope.


Angular distributions for the N 14 ( d , p )N 15 ground state reaction were studied at the deuteron energies of 15.2 and 13.8 MeV, and were compared with the angular distributions for the C 12 (α, ...


Based on lots of experiments, two temperature curves of Zinc freezing point stove with program control are established. The test results show that the two temperature curves can control the Zinc freezing point stove well and give good results. A set of rules for adjusting the temperature curve is also summarized. These rules can be used as the most basic adjustment strategy for adaptive control of Zinc freezing point stove temperature.


Signal deconvolution is a problem commonly found in digital signal processing. If the recorded data is a nonlinear transformation of the degraded data, then linear techniques for deconvolution are not applicable. Herein we review the nonlinear Bayesian estimate for deconvolution and show that it may be implemented in a sectioned form for processing on-going data streams.


Abstract : A family of Processors has been developed to perform arithmetic on data in the Burst Format. The common building block of these circuits is a simple finite state machine called the Perverted Adder (PA) which performs BURST addition. The interconnection of PAs in a tree formation with some additional circuitry produces a Burst multiplier or divider. A PA CPU has been constructed to demonstrate these PA designs. (Author)


The cultural soft power of Confucius Institute finds expression mainly in the following aspects: Domestically,Confucius Institute helps promote the development of the traditional culture;internationally,it is a platform to popularize Chinese culture all over the world;it quickens the development of China's culture industry through the internationalization of China's higher education;it is an important channel of China's cultural diplomacy that helps the establishment of a good international image of China.