In immune mediated diseases such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), research has focused almost entirely on hematopoietic cells. It has recently been posited that mechanisms within target tissues also play a significant role in regulating the severity of disease. Autophagy protects cells from a variety of stressors and is known to affect immune cell responses after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (allo-BMT). However, a definitive and exclusive role of target tissue pathways on mitigating GVHD has heretofore not been demonstrated. Because GVHD target organs are under stress from alloreactive T cells, we sought to determine the role of target tissue autophagy in mitigating the severity of GVHD.
 We hypothesized that the stress from alloreactive T cells would result in upregulation of target tissue autophagy. To test this in vivo, we utilized LC3-GFP-RFP reporter mice as transplant recipients in the well-characterized MHC disparate GVHD murine model BALB/c→B6. In these reporter mice, autophagosomes are marked with a dual GFP-RFP tag, and can be assessed for in vivo induction of autophagy by confocal microscopy through quantification of red punctal abundance. The recipient B6 reporter mice were lethally irradiated with split doses of 5Gy and transplanted with 5x106 BM and 3x106 splenic T-cells from either syngeneic B6 (syn) or allogeneic BALB/c (allo) donors. We assessed for induction of autophagy in GVHD target organs (gut, liver) and non-target organs (kidney, heart) and observed that autophagy was induced to a greater extent in target organs.
 Because the primary driver of morbidity and mortality after allo-BMT is gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD, we next hypothesized that autophagy protects the GI epithelium from alloimmune damage. To determine the effects of autophagy exclusively in the GI tract, we generated mice that lack a macroautophagy protein, ATG5, in the GI epithelium only (Atg5fl/flVil1-Cre) and utilized them as recipients in BALB/c→B6 allo-BMT. As hypothesized, survival of allo Atg5fl/flVil1-Cre mice was significantly reduced (P<0.0001) compared to littermate controls. Importantly, all syn Atg5 KO mice survived the entire period of observation, demonstrating that protection from conditioning regimen toxicity did not require ATG5-dependent autophagy in the gut. We harvested both GVHD target and non-target organs and performed histopathological analysis at day 7 post-transplant and found that histological GVHD severity in the gut was significantly higher in allo Atg5fl/flVil1-Cre mice compared to Cre-null WT littermate controls (P=0.0063). All other organs were unaffected by loss of ATG5 in the GI epithelium, and we observed no difference between WT and Atg5 KO syn recipients in any organ. We harvested splenocytes and tissue-resident lymphocytes from the gut and found similar numbers of donor CD4 and CD8 T cells, activation markers CD69 and CD62L, and IFNγ and TNFα positive cells. Furthermore, similar levels of the proinflammatory serum cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6 were observed in the sera of WT and Atg5 KO mice.
 We next determined whether autophagy is critical for protection in other GVHD target organs after allo-BMT. To this end, we generated Atg5fl/flAlb-Cre mice, which lack Atg5 expression in hepatocytes. Using a similar model of acute GVHD as above, we observed dramatically shorter survival in the Atg5fl/flAlb-Cre allo recipients (P=0.025) along with an increase in the hepatocyte damage markers bilirubin (P=0.0001), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.036), and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.0002) in Atg5 KO allo recipients. As before, there were similar numbers of splenic and liver-resident donor T cells, activation markers, and proinflammatory cytokines.
 To determine if autophagy is exclusively protective in GVHD target organs, we next generated Atg5fl/flMyh6-Cre mice, which lack Atg5 expression in cardiac myocytes, and Atg5fl/flAlb-Cre mice, which lack Atg5 expression in podocytes, as a control for lack of ATG5 in non-GVHD target organs. Using a similar GVHD model as above, we monitored these mice and littermate controls for survival and severity of GVHD symptoms. In contrast to our findings in the liver and gut, we observed similar survival (P=0.17, Myh6; P=0.49, Nphs2) and GVHD severity between allo recipients.
 Collectively, our results demonstrated that autophagy is a tissue-intrinsic protective response that regulates disease severity in GVHD target organs.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Provided is a multilevel cell nonvolatile memory system. The multilevel cell nonvolatile memory system comprises a plurality of memory cells which store first bit data and second bit data and a controller which programs the memory cells by page units, programs original data in an original block, and programs copy data which is identical to the original data in a mirroring block. The first bit page data and the second bit page data of the original data are programmed in the memory cells which are connected to the same word line. The first bit page data and the second bit page data of the copy data are programmed in the memory cells which are connected to different word lines.


Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula H 2 C 2 O 4 which has a wide range of applications in industry. Oxalic acid can be used as fiber bleaching agents, reagents in chemical analysis, and also used in mineral purification of metals. This study aims to determine the effects of temperature and reaction time to quantity and quality of oxalic acid produced by nitric acid oxidation from palm frond powder. The method used for the manufacture of oxalic acid in this study is oxidation method. In this method palm frond powder will be reacted with nitric acid 40 % in the ratio 1: 6 (w/v) at temperature 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 °C and reaction time 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes, thus obtained oxalic acid. The research was conducted in several stages: oxidation reaction stage, filtration, precipitation with CaCl 2 , acidification with H 2 SO 4 and efflorescence. Oxalic acid product quality analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Plate Melting Point Apparatus. The maksimum yield of oxalic acid was about 23.20 % which obtained at 80 °C and at reaction time 50 minutes.


During molecular cloning of proviral DNA of human spumaretrovirus, various recombinant clones were established and analyzed. Blot hybridization revealed that one of the recombinant plasmids had the characteristic features of a member of the long interspersed repetitive sequences family. The DNA element was analyzed by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing. It showed a high degree of amino acid sequence homology of 54.3% when compared with the 5'-terminal part of the pol gene product of the murine retrotransposon LIMd. The 3' region of the cloned DNA element encodes proteins with an even higher degree of homology of 67.4% in comparison to the corresponding parts of a member of the primate KpnI sequence family.


Abstract In children with sickle cell disease, cerebral arteries are prone tolesions that may cause deficiencies and poor quality of life. After theage of 20, new lesions may also occur. Besides stroke and silentcerebral ischemia, other lesions may occur. Radiologic images arenecessary to diagnose and blood transfusions to treat. We reviewedthe literature to choose best practices and guidelines to reducemorbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life of childrenwith sickle cell disease. Risk factors identified from clinical andlaboratory data and screening by Doppler ultrasonography andmagnetic resonance must be used in order to make decisions abouttransfusion and iron chelation therapy. Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter.2007; 29 (3):262-267. Key words: Sickle cell disease; cerebral vascular disease; stroke. Referencias Bibliograficas 1. Guidelines and Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Sickle CellDisease. Sickle Cell Disease Global Experts and Regional AdvisoryBoard Latin America, Philadelphia, USA, http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/26409E.htm, setembro de 2006.2. Powars DR. Management of cerebral vasculopathy in childrenwith sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2000;108:666-78.3. Adams RJ, Ohene-Frempong K, Wang W. Sickle cell and the brain.Hematology (American Society of Hematology EducacionalProgram). 2001:31-46.4. Wong W-Y, Powars DR. Overt and incomplete (silent) cerebralinfarction in sickle cell anemia: Diagnosis and management.Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 2005;19:839-55.5. Manci EA, Culberson DE, Yang Y-M


We present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the magnitude and time evolution of the third-order nonlinear polarization on two InGaAs-GaAs MQW Bragg structures with N=10 and N=30 with an In content of 3% and a QW width of 8 nm and on a 8.5-nm InGa-GaAs SQW located at the antinode of a high-quality long microcavity. Theoretically, the optical response of the interband polarization is calculated from the semiconductor Maxwell Bloch equations in Hartree-Fock approximation.


Objective Compare the advantages and pitfalls of 18 F FDG, 99 Tc m MIBI and 111 In octreotide in the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of lung cancer. Methods The patients were divided into 3 groups:①Group Ⅰ: MIBI lung imaging was used in 90 patients (76 with malignant lesions, 14 with benign lesions) , octreotide in 21 patients (15 with malignant lesions, 6 with benign lesions) and FDG PET lung imaging in 118 patients (73 with malignant tumors, 45 with benign lesions) ②GroupⅡ: Both MIBI and octreotide imaging were performed in 15 patients Both MIBI and FDG imaging were performed in 7 patients ③GroupⅢ: 26 patients were followed up with MIBI imaging and 12 patients with FDG PET. Results For MIBI, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating malignant from benign lesions were 96%, 77%, and 94% respectively MIBI images were not affected by post therapeutic anatomic change, and showed residue tumor definitely and detected relapse at early stage For octreotide, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 50% and 86%, respectively Octreotide uptake was observed not only in small cell lung cancer but also in non small cell lung cancer For the 15 patients in whom both MIBI and octreotide scintigraphy were performed, the T/B ratios of octreotide were significantly higher than those of MIBI in both tumors and benign lesions with high uptake (P0 01) However, the correlation was not good (r=0 47) FDG PET had the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97%, 89% and 94% respectively 3 patients with negative results in MIBI scintigraphy were positive in FDG PET Conclusions This preliminary clinical study showed that each of MIBI, octreotide and FDG had its own advantage and disadvantage in demonstrating lung lesions With relatively low costs, MIBI scan is good enough for identification, differentiation and post therapeutic follow up of lung cancer In case of highly suspicious patient with negative or low uptake of MIBI, octreotide or FDG scan should be recommended Although octreotide is not more specific than MIBI, it seems to be better in showing "viable" cells Despite its high cost, FDG PET has many advantages over MIBI and octreotide SPECT FDG PET can detect much smaller lesions, so it is suitable for further evaluation and accurate staging of lung cancer


A periodic pin array has been made at dimensions approaching the diameter and spacing of the fluxon cores in an ''island''‐type of artificial pinning center superconducting composite wire. Gun‐barrel drilling was used to precisely incorporate a hexagonal array of Nb 1.3 wt. % Ti pinning centers into an ingot of Nb 46.5 wt. % Ti, before extrusion and wire drawing. Transmission electron microscopy images showed little evidence of pin geometry alteration down to 100 nm pin diameter. At ∼30 nm effective pin diameter, the aspect ratio of the pins was 3–5, and the pin array retained its hexagonal geometry. Bulk pinning force curves had temperature‐independent structure down to 15 nm effective pin diameter, suggestive of matching between fluxons and pins. Because of the uniform pin geometry, the maximum bulk pinning force exceeded that of the best conventional composites, even though the upper critical field and the volume fraction of pins were significantly lower.


Abstract First reported in March 2014, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has now claimed more lives than all other known EVD outbreaks combined, making it the deadliest occurrence of the disease since it was first discovered nearly 40 years ago. In hopes of turning the outbreak into something positive from an educational standpoint, a module was developed focusing on EVD, infectious disease, and epidemiology. The module engages students in a series of inquiry-based lessons, providing accurate and up-todate information on the current outbreak of EVD in West Africa. The lessons also serve to correct popular misconceptions about the disease. The lessons include a jigsaw WebQuest using resources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a simulation based on fluid exchange to model the spread of an outbreak of infectious disease, and a "disease detective"—style mapping activity based on published data outlining the start of the current EVD outbreak in Guinea.


In this paper we present a web interface prototype multilingual wordnet The aim of this interface is to allow the users to construct this multilingual wordnet in the easiest way The paper describes how to use this interface an how each concrete task can be performed The work reported here is part of the CREL EuroWordNet LE and ITEM TIC C projects


Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Danhong inoculation fluid combinded with low molecular heparin calcium in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods 96 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into study group(48 patients,Danhong inoculation fluid combinded with low molecular heparin calcium) and control group(48 patients,Xuesai-tong inoculation fluid combinded with low molecular heparin calcium).To detemine the blood rheology parameter of patients before and after the treatment;and then caculated the degree of neurological deficit score(NIHSS) and Activities of daily living score(BI).Results Significant difference existed in effcetiveness rate between either groups(P0.01);and distinct improvement existed in blood rheology parameter、NIHSS and BI of study group(P0.01 or 0.05),and this improvement is better than control group(P0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion Danhong inoculation fluid combinded with low molecular heparin calcium in treatment of acute cerebral infarction has superiority in effectiveness and in security,so this combination is valuable to promote.


According to the 'International Standard Classification of Education' (ISCED), 'Continuing Education' is composed of the 'Continuing Primary and Lower Secondary Adult Education' (ISCED1, ISCED2), followed by the 'Adult Education and Training' System (ISCED3), including an 'Upper Secondary Education System' (ISCED4 and finally, the 'Tertiary Education' (ISCED5, ISCED6 and above). In 2016 the percent of 'early leavers' from education and training amounted in Italy to 13.8%, while the EU average amounted to 10.7%. In the same period the attendance to ISCED1-ISCED3 Adult Education Courses (age 25-64) amounted to 8.3%, while the EU average amounted to 10.8%. As for 'Tertiary Education', the percent attainment of a university degree amounted to 29.5% among Italians and to 13.4% among foreigners residing in Italy, while the EU averages amounted to 39.9% and 35.4% respectively. According to the Author, the relatively higher percent of early leavers from education and training in Italy and the relatively low attendance to 'Continuing Education' programs is due to the low employment rate in the Country, particularly significant in the age range 20-34, as a consequence of the severe economic crisis which hit the country in 2008 and still persists, causing the closure of many private enterprises and the block of the turn-over at public educational institutions. In spite of all that, the quality of the Italian Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education System is of an excellent level, as compared with that of similar institutions all over the world. In Author's opinion, increasing the investment in the educational system would increase the attendance to Secondary and Tertiary Adult Education courses, with a positive feedback on productivity.


In this paper we develop a multilateral (k-adic) empirical framework for analyzing the flow of terrorist activity across state borders. Building on Poast's (2010) k-adic framework for analyzing multilateral alliance behavior, we have created a directional k-adic design that allows us to track the flow of terrorist violence from multiple potential base states toward another target state. Our analysis of transnational terrorist activity from 2000-2007 demonstrates that flow of transnational terrorist activity is a function of the opportunity and willingness to use terrorist tactics. Specifically, we find that the opportunity to launch terrorist attacks is primarily a function of distance and accessibility and relative power. On the other hand, we find that he willingness of non-state groups to use violence against civilians in other states is primarily a function of conflicting interests between the host and target states, and differences in ethnic and religious identity.


This paper overviews the development of the notion of trans-disciplinarity in Lithuania and its neighbouring contexts, and makes an attempt to identify its current relation to science and art.
The paper analyses the ways in which artistic research, without being a discipline in its own right, can nonetheless both provide a basis for the doctoral studies in arts, and liberate it from the traditions and disciplines of the humanities and other sciences. Furthermore, the paper argues that doctoral studies in arts are inherently transdisciplinary and thus able to accommodate the traditional traits of the doctorate studies in the areas as different as humanities, social sciences, and even natural sciences. Lastly, the paper builds the case for artistic research as both the basis for the doc- toral studies in arts and a unique research paradigm, itself able to produce new research traditions.


A database for overruns of runways by aircraft is described. It contains 185 fields of data on 180 accidents and incidents that occurred in the English-speaking world between 1980 and 1998 to jet and turboprop aircraft used for transporting passengers or freight on civil operations. The data have been normalized to account for differences in airfield characteristics and aircraft performance. A first-cut analysis shows about two overruns per 10 million movements, three-quarters being after landing and one-quarter after an aborted takeoff. The majority of takeoff overruns occurred after a late decision to abort. A high proportion of overruns involves aircraft operating near or over their legal operating weight. Wet runways, contaminated runways, and tailwinds were factors in many overruns, particularly after landing fast or long. There is no statistical evidence that a precision approach improves the quality of approaches that subsequently become overruns. A large number of overruns have terminated beyond the previous international recommendations for the length of protection off the end of runways, and some 10% exceed the new recommendations.


Optimum energy consumption and prevention of energy losses are important issues in various fields including agricultural engineering. Mower is one of the agricultural machineries that can waste too much energy if does not function properly. In this study, the performance of a single disc rotary mower was studied and optimized by measurement of cutting quality of the stem cross section (cutting quality) as a criterion. Taguchi L9 orthogonal arrays table was used to find the optimum combination of parameters to reach the best cutting quality. The selected factors are: mower forward velocity, disc rotational speed, number of disc blades and shape of the blade, each one at 3 different levels. To measure the quality of the cut hay, ENVI image processing software was used. This software has been developed for texture qualification of image processing studies. The texture of the images captured from the cross section of cut stems by the mower is analyzed according to the reflected wavelength from the surface. ENVI software assigns a number to the cutting quality of each stem, which is called eigenvalue. The results then were imported to the orthogonal arrays table of the Taguchi method. Minitab software was used to calculate the optimal level of the studied variables. Analysis of the results show that 886 rpm of the disc rotational speed, 1m s -1 of the forward speed, four symmetrical triangular serrated blades on the mower disc are the optimal values of the factors and offer the highest cutting quality. The optimum value predicted by the Taguchi method was approved by an experimental method.


Beside from purely discrete event and/or continuous system simulations, there exists yet another simulation methodology that combines both classes of simulations into one. It is often possible to model one and the same system by use of completely different world views. Several papers have been written in which one particular application was modeled once by use of continuous system simulation, and once by use of discrete event simulation. Both techniques may eventually lead to the same answers. Sometimes however, one technique lends itself more easily to answering some particular questions about a system while the other is more convenient for answering some other questions about the same system. Thus, before the modeler can decide which methodology best to employ, he must know what purposes his model is going to be used for. In this paper, we want to describe applications that call for a combined continuous/discrete modeling methodology together with the techniques (concepts), that characterize this type of simulation approach. We shall also describe briefly what simulation systems are currently on the software market that can be used for this type of simulations.


Inactivation in soil absorption, translocation of 2, 4-D by plants vary depending upon soil environments and herbicide formulations. Experiment was conducted in a glasshouse using rectangular pots() to evaluate the growth responses of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Indian jointvetch (Aesehyrcomene indica) to two formulations of 2, 4-D. The formulations used were 40% 2, 4-D amin salt (2, 4-D/AS) and 19.7% complex of rice husk lignin and 2, 4-D (2, 4-D/LG) which were applied at 200g ai/ha. Soil environments included fertilizer levels, soil pH, organic matter contents, and soil textures, Each treatment was replicated three times. The herbicidal activity of 2.4-D increased and lasted with increased levels of fertilizer. The activity also increased and lasted with low soil pH and decreased content of organic matter. Generally 2, 4-D/LG showed higher and longer herbicidal activity than 2. 4-D/AS for both test plants under all conditions applied. However, the herbicidal activity was influenced by the formulations more than by soil textures. It was thought that 2, 4-D/AS was released in a short time and inactivated readily while 2, 4-D/LG was slowly released and gave an opportunity of absorption by plants for a long period.


The concept of the rule of law – in German the Rechtsstaat – and its impact on the practice of legal institutions depend on the existing legal culture and the given socio-economic structures. Therefore, it is of significant interest which systems of social order are more or less suitable to promote or impede a substantial implementation of the rule of law. It is often argued that in the globalized late modern world, differences of national characteristics diminish. Moreover, the transnational harmonization of laws and conditions of life seem to reduce the relevance of the rule of law. The analysis of this development demands deep historical and sociopolitical studies. The contributions to this issue of Punishment and Society try to set examples and provide inspiration for further research. In 2011, the Hans Sigrist Foundation of the University of Bern organized a competition for the most outstanding academic contribution to the understanding of the (possibly declining) function of 'the Rechtsstaat in Late Modernity'. Nicola Lacey won the competition and was awarded the Hans Sigrist Prize, the most prestigious honour of the University of Bern, which is endowed with 100,000 Swiss Francs. This occasion gave rise to a Colloquium, the contributions to which are published here in revised versions. Nicola Lacey, in her contribution, summarizes her research on the historical development of ideas of responsibility for crime and on the comparative analysis of the political economy of punishment. Drawing connections between those two research fields, she develops a program for a future systematic comparative investigation on the materialization of different concepts of the principle of the rule of law in different societies and the appropriateness of those concepts for compliance with the aspirations attributed to this principle. Fritz Sack focuses on the similarities of social structure and the reactions to crime in highly developed western countries. Special attention is paid to the question of whether the 'punitive turn', which David Garland attributes to US and UK penal policy, also applies to Germany. Sack argues that German penal policy is not necessarily less populist than that of other western countries, and analyzes the reasons why outsiders are generally of the opposite view.


Drilling the medium density fiber (MDF) board always emerge the occurrence of delaminating, as the unwanted result of the process. The defect will moderate the aesthetical value of the finished products particularly if the product is a furniture product. This work optimizes the control factor of delamination using robust engineering technique founded by Genichi Taguchi, father of robust engineering. The optimum drilling parameter which based on smallest the better is optimized and it is confirmed by the confirmation experiment that the imperfections is minimized. Three control factors are investigated in the study: feed rate, cutting speed, and drill bits diameter. The response plot of the control factor shows a drill bit diameter is the highest contributing control factor that influences delaminating as the different of the robustness is 2.047 dB. The optimum parameter shows that the variability of the noise factor is improved as compared to the initial parameter by means of the dB gain of 1.308 dB and 1.451 dB for the prediction and confirmation respectively. The robust assessment of the optimization has indicates that the drilling parameter is less sensitive to the noise factor.


A power distribution system for a continuous mining system including an articulated tramming conveyor which includes a continuous chain, driven by a plurality of electric motors (101-112) distributed along its length. The power distribution system has a plurality of power buses (A-D) running in parallel with the training conveyor. Each of the power buses is connected to and supplying power to non-adjacent drive motors.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the occupational risk level of nursing students who had sharp injuries,so as to provide advices for making protection. METHODS The retrospective study of sharp injuries among students in medical practices from Sept 2000 to Aug 2001.Students from 26 nursing schools /colleges answered a questionaire about sharp injuries. RESULTS 1. A total of 403 nursing students (93.9%) suffered sharp injuries in past year. There are 2756 cases of sharp injuries occurred this year. A student suffered in average 6.4 sharp injuries and 2 6 needlesticks occurred during the period. 2.There are no precaution knowledge in the nursing textbook in China, and no classes assigned specifically for students. 3.Few students (5.71%) reported their injury. 4.The majority injuries occurred in ward(71.41%). 5.Needles and grass item accounted for 80.33% of the item involved in sharp injuries and 37.72% of the needles had been used on patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that sharp injuries occurred frequently among nursing students and their knowledge level about precautions was low. The education about universal precautions is indispensable; relevant guidelines and regulations are needed both colleges and hospital.


To most Asians, Christianity was a foreign religion very different from their traditional religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Taoism and animism. It is a contrast between monotheism (except Islam) and polytheism. The latter believes in more than one god or spirit, thus allowing room to incorporate a new religious belief into the existing ones. This makes most traditional religions incredibly flexible and versatile. On the other hand, Christianity, with its absolute claims, has no such flexibility. As a result, when a conversion takes place in a family, it immediately causes friction and disharmony between the new Christian and the rest of the family who find it difficult that he or she now follows a "western" religion, and one that is stubbornly inflexible.


Arching effects in backfill materials generate a nonlinear active earth-pressure distribution behind a rough, rigid retaining wall. There are several analyses for estimating the nonlinear active earth pressures on a retaining wall exerted by a homogeneous backfill in the presence of arching. However, it is not possible to use these analyses for a caisson backfilled with crushed rock and sand, which is common in marine structures. In this study, a new formulation is proposed for calculating the nonlinear active earth pressure acting on a caisson backfilled with crushed rock and sand. The new formulation allows important insights, including the dependence of the slope angle of the crushed rock – sand interface that minimizes the active force and overturning moment on the caisson on the shear strengths of the crushed rock and sand and the geometry of the problem.


A method and apparatus provides an indication of active handsets in a cordless telephone system 100. A user enters an inquiry using either a handset 104 or the user interface 120 of the base station 102. The base station 102 pings or queries each registered handset 106, 108, 110, 112 to establish a list of active handsets. The list of active handsets is then transmitted to the handset 104 from which the inquiry was received or is displayed using the user interface 120 of the base station 102. This permits the user to learn what other users are actively registered with the base station 102 for call forwarding, intercom operation or for use of any other user convenience features of the cordless telephone system 100.


An experiment was carried out in blackgram using line x tester mating design to estimate the gca effect of parents (six lines and five testers) and sca effect of 30 hybrids for yield and its traits. Estimates of gca and sca variances, degree of dominance, predictability ratio and narrow sense heritability revealed that only three trais viz., pods per plant, seeds per pod and single plant yield were controlled by additive gene action and hence showed high narrow sense heritability. Magnitude of non-additive gene action was higher than the additive gene action for traits like plant height, days to 50% flowering, cluster per plant, 100 seed weight, days to maturity, branches per plant and pod length. Three parents 'MDU1, ADT3 and LBG-752 were the best combiners and three crosses 'MDU1 x VBN (Bg) 6, LBG-752 x VBN (Bg) 6, LBG-752 x Mash-114 showed high per se performance and significant positive sca for yield. For exploiting both additive and non-additive gene action recurrent selection to be followed to improve yield in blackgram.


The paper provides illustrated description of a new orchid species, Aerides phongii, discovered in heavily disturbed primary seasonal tropical broad-leaved woodland of southern Vietnam. Terete subulate leaves and verruculose lip with large verrucose calli on the lip disc define isolated taxonomic position of the species. Discovered plant is assessed preliminarily as critically endangered species.


A Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) video production describing the Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing process at the US Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute (JGI).


The influences coming from "Butterfly effect" in American loan crisis that has affected the world since 2007,as well as many times policy adjustment about tax returning,RMB revaluation and monetary contraction policy,have presented a new challenge to the small and medium-sized enterprise's existence and development specially the export-oriented one whose economic output accounts for 60 per of national GDP,providing 75 per of employment and influencing our country's national economy developing harmoniously. The export-oriented small and medium sized enterprises have to make good use of "exchange rate avodiance" and make a sound strategic plan to cope with it with lesuire in wrestling chess between long and short pain.


Comment on Binder et al, page [1975][1]

The exact binding site of rituximab on CD20 has not yet been revealed. In this issue of Blood , Binder and colleagues demonstrate that the binding site is a discontinuous epitope, which they identified by applying mimotope technology.

Since its approval


Abstract: Slope instability is a challenge in both mining and civil engineering industries. Current ap-proaches to slope stability analysis are mostly based on slope deformation data provided by mon-itoring equipment. This study proposes a new method to estimate slope stability using amplitude and coherence obtained from slope stability radar data. More than 160,000 data points from 10 slope failures were collected with GroundProbe's slope stability radar systems. They were used as input dataset in a Naive Bayes model for classification into two groups of stable and unstable slopes. The classifications were conducted based on different range limit values for amplitude and coherence. The findings were validated against slope deformation behavior in each case. The results show that 91 percent of the data that are classified as unstable slope by the Naive Bayes Gaussian method belong to slope failure events and are categorized correctly. The coherence and amplitude range values proposed in this research can be utilized by mining operations to determine the stability of slopes in conjunction with slope deformation and inverse velocity data.


The image processing apparatus (2A) comprises a cellular morphological image representing morphology of cells in tissue sections, the communication I / F (24 to the expression of a particular protein in the same range of the tissue section to enter the fluorescent image represented by the fluorescence bright spots ) and, on the basis of the information source to be detected in common with the cell morphology image and the fluorescence image, having a control unit (21) for aligning the fluorescence image and the cell morphology image.


..................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ X LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... XII CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 RESEARCH MOTIVATION ........................................................................................... 2 1.3 RESEARCH STATUS .................................................................................................... 3 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................. 4 1.5 RESEARCH SCOPE ...................................................................................................... 5 1.6 OUTLINE OF THE DISSERTATION ............................................................................... 5 1.7 EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS ...................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 : THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON CYBERBULLYING ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS (ESSAY 1) ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.


The negative binomial model is an important and flexible two parameter distribution that models data from many application areas. Here we re-examine tests of fit for the negative binomial distribution that were introduced by Anscombe (1950); they are based on a dispersion statistic U and a third moment statistic T. Small sample power calculations are given for U and T. We are not aware that such powers have been given previously. We show Anscombe's tests are smooth tests in the sense of Rayner and Best (1989). Comparisons are made with an empirical probability generating function test suggested by Meintanis (2005). We suggest U not be used and that decisions on the fit of data to the negative binomial be made using bootstrap p-values rather than comparison with standard errors as suggested by Anscombe (1950). We show that tests based on a fourth moment component of a smooth test statistic have good power.


The relationship between protein Z levels and thrombosis is controver-sial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available studies to assess the association between protein Z and vascular thrombotic diseases. We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, bibliographies of retrieved articles and abstracts of congresses up to October, 2009. Studies were included if they analysed protein Z levels in patients with vascular thrombotic diseases. After the review process, 28 case-control studies (33 patient cohorts), including 4,218 patients with thrombotic diseases and 4,778 controls, were selected for analysis. The overall analysis using a random-effects model showed that low protein Z levels were associated with an increased risk of On subgroup analysis, a significant association was found between low protein Z levels and arterial vascular diseases 1.60–4.48; p=0.0002), pregnancy complications (OR 4.17, 95%CI 2.31–7.52; p<0.00001), and venous thromboembolic diseases (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.19–4.00; p=0.01). The results of this meta-analysis are consistent with a role for protein Z deficiency in thrombotic diseases, including arterial thrombosis, pregnancy complications and venous thromboembolism.


The use of stopwatches for the timing of certain experiments is questionable as far as accuracy is concerned. Not only does human reaction time differ from person to person, but it has been experienced that even high quality stopwatches can become unreliable. A system has therefore been devised to eliminate stopwatches altogether, without indulging in costly electronic timers for individual apparatus.


Hybrid color films of the 1920s such as The King of Kings (Cecil B. DeMille, 1927)—that is, films comprising a mix of different historical color processes—are a particularly fruitful resource for the comparison of the silent era's various color technologies. This article analyzes these cinematic hybridizations and argues that this type of film is much more than the sum of its parts. In embodying a multiplicity of layers of space, time, and color on a literal and metaphorical level, hybrid color films are not only symptomatic of the transformation of the medium in the 1920s but also symbolic of current approaches to film historiography based on media archaeology.


Perovskite solar cells have good photoelectric performance and simple fabrication process which received extensive attention in recent years. However, defects-induced carrier recombination strictly inhibits the photovoltaic performance of the device. This paper proposes a simple, fast
 and efficient interfacial passivation strategy based on sol–gel micro-reaction. The AlOx nanoparticles deposition at NiOx/perovskite interface reduces defect density providing inverted planar PVCs. The influence of aluminum sec-butoxide concentration on the morphology
 and optical properties of hole-transport layers discovered the internal relationship between the passivation parameters and the carrier transport process at NiOx/perovskite interface. This breakthrough investigation shows the increase in photoelectric efficiency from 12.26% to 14.54%
 and the retention efficiency from 63% to 72% after 240 h. Therefore, this feasible experiment for interfacial regulation and passivation for PSCs is a gate to new discoveries.


In this study, hydrogen gas (H2) and formic acid (HCOOH) are simultaneously generated through direct water photoelectrolysis and CO2 reduction, respectively, by using Ag nanoparticles (Ag NP) decor...


With the development of electric vehicle,the power battery research is rising.The power battery performance test is the foundation of the research of the power battery.This paper provides a kind of battery test platform including charge subsystem,discharge subsystem and driving cycle test subsystem,and based on which CC/CV charge,discharge test and driving cycle test can be achieved conveniently to meet the requirements of reasonable charge,battery performance test,battery model validation and algorithm research.The platform is proved to be high precision and strong expansibility.


Grass and radishes were grown in a specially constructed growth chamber with either normal or filtered air, while either distilled or lead-containing water was applied either to the leaves or to the soil surface. The experimental design was randomized complete block with factorial arrangement of treatments while the results were analyzed by the associated analysis of variance technique. The lead content of grass grown in filtered air was 2.5 ..mu..g/g while that grown in unfiltered air was 5.2 ..mu..g/g. These values are different at the 1% level of significance. The uptake of lead from the water applied either to the foliar parts or to the soil surface was not significant at the 5% level, and was the same as for grass grown in filtered air. These measurements indicate that half of the lead content of grass and nearly all of that in radishes was obtained from the soil with little adsorption from simulated rainfall.


In Reply.— Regarding Dr. Pratt's remarks, we agree that a hospitalized group of patients would make a better control. However, we were unable to find such a group of volunteers. Neither of our patients suffered from blood loss, nausea or vomiting, dehydration, high blood pressure, or proteinuria. We do agree that our data are insufficient to support the presence of a disturbed protein balance. We have no data to support the presence or absence of any urinary tract obstruction in these patients. The suggestion that molar pregnancy may be related to a lower than normal intake of proteins was made only on the basis of the higher prevalence of the disease in a less adequately nourished population. Our findings are insufficient for any other conclusion. We apologize for misspelling Dr. P. B. Hawk's last name.


The possible benefit of common mycorrhizal network linkages to seedling growth was tested in a low light partial-cut forest understory. Naturally regenerated western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf.) and hybrid spruce (Picea glauca × Picea sitchensis [Moench] Voss) seedlings were transplanted directly into soil or within bags of different pore sizes to restrict the amounts of root and ectomycorrhizal contact. The 5-year study included "full contact" (no bag), "moderate contact" (250-µm openings), and "low contact" (4-µm openings) treatments. Height increment was lowest for full contact seedlings over most of the experiment, and highest for low contact seedlings by years 4 and 5. Full contact seedlings also had slightly lower foliar N content than moderate and low contact seedlings. There were no significant interactions in growth detected between tree species and treatments, despite the higher potential for common mycorrhizal network linkages between a western hemlock understory and canopy. Fifty-eight ec...


A method for calibrating a Trinocular Linear Camera Array (TLCA) for traffic surveillance applications, such as towards smart cities, is presented. A TLCA-specific parametrization guarantees that the calibration finds a model where all the cameras are on a straight line. The method uses both a chequerboard close to the camera, as well as measured 3D points far from the camera: points measured in world coordinates, as well as their corresponding 2D points found manually in the images. Superior calibration accuracy can be obtained compared to standard methods using only a single data source, largely due to the use of chequerboards, while the line constraint in the parametrization allows for joint rectification. The improved triangulation accuracy, from 8-12 cm to around 6 cm when calibrating with 30-50 points in our experiment, allowing better road user analysis. The method is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept application where a point cloud is generated from multiple disparity maps, visualizing road user detections in 3D.


Responsive and highly controlled autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the road easily form platoons with small inter-vehicle gaps to increase traffic throughput and reduce energy consumption. Unlike human drivers, AVs typically employ discrete quantization signals and only generate finite discrete acceleration. Finite discrete acceleration easily causes unstable inter-vehicle gaps and inter-vehicle collisions, especially when there are inaccurate quantization parameters due to quantizer aging. Based on the backstepping technique, this paper proposes the cooperative constrained control algorithm under unknown quantization parameters for AVs with nonuniform input quantization and motion uncertainties. The control laws of each AV in the platoon only depend on the state information of its consecutive AVs. The position trajectories of consecutive AVs are constructed as inter-vehicle collision-free constraints to avoid emergency braking and inter-vehicle collisions. In addition, the consistent characteristic of two types of nonuniform quantizers (i.e., logarithmic quantizers and hysteresis quantizers) is proposed, and unknown disturbances in vehicle motion are compensated. The Lyapunov based local stability and string stability are proved. Numerical simulation shows that the control algorithm is applicable to AVs with either logarithmic quantizers or hysteresis quantizers. Compared with the previous control algorithms without considering input quantization and inter-vehicle collision avoidance, the control algorithm proposed reduces inter-vehicle spacing errors, avoids high acceleration, and avoids inter-vehicle collisions.


Based upon the work of the Nobel Prize winning economist Solow the author insists upon the importance of technological innovation for the future continuation of Australia's standard of living. However although Australia has a proud record of invention it is contended it has lacked the entrepreneurial culture necessary to translate invention into innovation. The author identifies a National Inferiority Complex as one of the key reasons behind this failure. The paper suggests an Australian 'stump jumping' ethic to counter this complex. It closes with a number of specific recommendations to engineering educators.


During rapid solidification, deviations from local interfacial equilibrium are manifested by solute trapping and interfacial undercooling. Both the solute trapping function and the interface velocity-temperature function have been measured in the Si:As alloy system following pulsed laser melting, permitting them to test models for nonequilibrium interface kinetics. The results are consistent with the Continuous Growth Model without solute drag of Aziz and Kaplan and are inconsistent with models that incorporate solute drag effects during solidification.


The principal design problems of VVER-1500 reactor vessel and its cover are reviewed in this report. A wide range of preliminary studies carried out permitting to solve principal design and manufacturing problems of the vessel and rector cover within the framework of the draft design: • minimization of overall dimensions, • sustentation of principle possibility to provide tightness of the reactor main seal, • process work-out of the vessel, reactor cover and bottom with provision of manufacturing, • design of the reactor vessel support structures. The main attention is payed to the aspects of manufacturability of the reactor vessel and its cover in design dimensions with provision of required mechanical properties and their transportability to the constructing site. It's required to carry out experimental work to prove manufacturing technology and to ensure mechanical properties of the following: • cover; • nozzle zone shells; • supporting shell; • bottom. To confirm construction efficiency during design life-time (60 years) the principal design approaches should be worked out on a test bench. Taking into account the complexity of the construction and restrictions of full-scale simulation, experimental confirmation of reactor vessel and cover on photoelastic epoxide resin models should be performed. Moreover, strength and life-time of threaded connection parts of the reactor main seal shall be confirmed on full-scale models.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


In this paper, the notion of cubic subalgebras of BCH-algebras are introduced. Some characterization of cubic subalgebras of BCH-algebras are given. The homomorphic image and inverse image of cubic subalgebras are studied and investigated some related properties.


With the ever increasing desire for range and delivery capabilities of ballistic defence equipment, weapons and sight systems are constantly evolving in complexity. As a result current systems now incorporate more sophisticated technology than ever before. This paper describes the non-intrusive mechanical field data acquisition and subsequent analysis and test integration techniques performed on complex opto-mechanical weapon mounted systems. As a result of physical acquisition, innovative techniques have been developed to enable the synthesis of the transient recordings for the purpose of finite element analysis. Further investigations have revealed new possibilities in applying more accurately controlled 'in house' loads, for low cost representative test purposes.


The production of solar fuels by solar energy conversion is considered to be one of major strategies for solving the global energy and environmental problems in the future. Photocatalytic H2 production by water splitting and photocatalytic hydrocarbon formation by CO2 reduction have become important and promising methods for clean, economical, and renewal production of solar fuels by using solar light. Usually, the photocatalytic H2-production performance on TiO2 is strongly dependent on the type and amount of co-catalyst because bare TiO2 has poor photocatalytic H2-Production activity. It is well-known that the loading of Pt as a co-catalyst on TiO2 significantly enhances H2-production activity for photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of sacrificial reagents. However, Pt is a rare and expensive noble metal. Therefore, alternative co-catalysts based on non-precious metals and earth-abundant materials have been intersively pursued in recent years. Graphene-based nanocpmposite photocatalysts have caused much interest as a viable alternate to increase photocatalytic H2-production and CO2-reduction performance in converting solar energy into chemical energy. The use of graphene as cocatalyst and support to enhance the H2-production and CO2-reduction activity of photocatalysts has been confirmed due to its unique two-dimensional conjugated structure and electronic properties. In this talk, I will present our recent work on the design and fabrication of graphene-based nanocomposite photocatalytic materials for H2 production and CO2 reduction. The rational designs for advanced photocatalytic materials using graphene-based materials are described. Our work also demonstrates graphene becoming a promising substitute for noble metals in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction


In this work, we report a new approach to fabricate the nanopore array electrode (NAE) by transferring silica nanochannel membrane (SNM) to the surface of Pt electrode (0.5 mm in diameter) sealed by glass capillary (designated as Pt-NAE for simplicity). The SNM is supported via the irreversible covalent bond formation with the surrounding glass capillary treated by plasma, thus providing the long-term stability to Pt-NAE. Meanwhile, this fabrication process does not require pre-grafting or pre-modification of Pt electrode surface, providing well-defined active surface domains. Thanks to the small pore size (2.3 nm in diameter) and negatively charged channel walls, the SNM is permselective and thus the electrochemical behavior of Pt-NAE is dependent on both electrolyte concentration and charge state of redox molecules. The permeability of SNM was quantitatively determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curve measurements coupled with finite element simulations from a quanitative viewpoint. The permeability of anionic Ru(CN)64- was varied from 150 to 10.3 μm s-1 as the electrolyte concentration decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 M, while no obvious change for hexaammineruthenium(III) (Ru(NH3)63+). Finally, as-prepared Pt-NAE is able to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen up to 2 h in a solution containing biofouling reagents, exhibiting an enhanced antifouling ability and therefore excellent current stability. We believe the NAE with unique mass transport properties can be extended further for other analytical applications.


The motivation behind the work in debugging languages is to provide the programmer with primitives so that he may search for events during execution, which are suspected to be anomalous. Events that may be specified by most existing debugging languages are very elementary. Also, there are no facilities to combine them into more complex events. Even though he can selectively monitor the history of execution, the programmer usually has to explore a vast mass of information in order to check the absence or presence of anomalous conditions.
 The philosophy of the assertion approach is to provide facilities with which the programmer may specify conditions, which the system can check at execution time. Only violations are reported. By suppressing irrelevant information, it makes it a lot easier to detect anomalies.
 The assertion language described in this paper is generalized in the sense that it permits the programmer to refer to not only current events, but also past events. Without such generalization, it is not possible to specify many interesting properties of programs. In addition, the language is open-ended by allowing a user to define checking routines of his own. Relevant aspects of the language and examples are given.


With hand-held devices and mobile computing becoming ubiquitous in our lives, it is true that many people are interested in the usage of smartphones in the tourism industry. However, even though there are lots of studies on technology acceptance and online travel information, there is little research on smartphone acceptance for travel information. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of travelers' intentions to adopt smartphones within the context of their travel activities. In this paper we propose a new approach to examine the intention of travelers to use smartphones by viewing smartphone usage from two standpoints: hardware (technology) and software (online travel information). In terms of hardware, the united theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model is used to investigate the intention to use smartphones, and the travel websites satisfaction (E-SAT) model is used to investigate the intention to use smartphones in terms of software. Based on the literature of two research streams, this study proposes an instrument to measure the affecting factors on the acceptance of smartphones regarding travel information.


We present William Herschel Telescope (WHT) and Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectroscopy of MM Ser, the optical counterpart to Ser X-1. We deblend the red spectra of the two close stars identified by Wachter and show that the brighter of the two is responsible for the Ha and He I emission, hence confirming that this is the true counterpart of the X-ray source. We also identify several He II and N III lines in the blue spectrum. The isolated emission lines are all remarkably narrow, with FWHM 200-300 km s -1 . The Bowen blend has structure suggesting that the individual components are also narrow. These narrow lines could be from the disc if the binary inclination is quite low, or they could come from a more localized region such as the heated face of the companion star. Several interstellar lines are detected and indicate that the reddening is moderate, and consistent with the neutral hydrogen column density inferred in X-rays.


The orientation relationships, between hexagonal close packed and body-centered cubic titanium have been found to be (0001)h.c.p. parallel to (ll0)b.-c.c. and [ll20]h.c.p. parallel to [lll]b.-c.c.. These were determined by noting the relationships between several large a grains which had been formed from a single fl grain. These relationships agree with those reported for zirconium and lithium. The habit plane of titanium has been shown to be (331)b.-c.c. within an experimental error of 2 °. This was determined from the relief effects present in large a grains and the orientation relationships developed above.


A method for receiving projection images of an object to be imaged (7) by an imaging apparatus including a radiation source (2), a radiation detector (1) and a control unit (3), wherein the radiation source (2) by the control unit (3) on a track (12, 18, 27) is moved into several positions, in which outbound each one of the radiation source (2) cone-beam shape around a central ray (19, 20) radiation emitted, and by the method of the radiation source (2) of the radiation detector (1 ) is moved by the control unit (3) in a plurality of positions in which outgoing respectively (from the radiation source 2) and the object to be imaged (7) penetrating radiation is collected for receiving a projected image, characterized in that the control unit (3) by an optimization of a predetermined path (12, 33) is a path described by a polynomial of degree n (13, 18, 23, 27) is calculated, wherein the calculated path (13, 18, 23 , 37) a along the central beam (19, 20) specific, constant distance between the radiation source (2) and the radiation detector (1) and / or a (along the central beam 19, 20) specific, constant distance between the radiation source (2) and the object to be imaged (7), and on the calculated path (13, 18, 23, 27) in each case the radiation source (2) and / or the radiation detector (1) around the imaged object (7) to be moved, wherein the polynomial is each selected such that a safe distance between the radiation detector (1) and / or the radiation source (2) and the object to be imaged (7) is maintained while a distance between the radiation detector (1) and the object to be imaged (7) on the safety distance is minimized.


This paper considers deformation monitoring during the construction of Wynyard Walk, a fully accessible pedestrian link between Wynyard Station, the developing CBD western corridor and Barangaroo. The tunnel is around 180-m-long, 3.5-m-high and 9.5-m-wide, designed for a capacity of up to 20,000 pedestrians per hour. The tunnel was constructed using a Roadheader. Tunnel 'sets' provide the primary support, with 110 sets installed at one-metre intervals. The tunnel is fully encased in concrete to provide secondary support. The project is located in close proximity to sensitive buildings and structures including highrise commercial towers, a heritage building and a live rail tunnel.
Key features of the project include:
A project of this complexity requires a comprehensive monitoring program to ensure the stability and functionality of buildings and infrastructure within the area of construction influence. An important onsite aspect of an automated monitoring system is data acquisition. A mixture of wired and wireless data transmission systems are installed to transmit all recorded data to an structured query language (SQL) based data management system running on an internet server. We will examine the complete process of data acquisition, from measurement to user-defined reports.
The applied monitoring concept at Wynyard Walk integrates both geotechnical and geodetic methods. Based on automatic and manual readings, rigorous mathematical routines including statistical quality control are applied.


Health care planning for chronic pelvic pain (CPP), an important cause of morbidity amongst women is hampered due to lack of clear collated summaries of its basic epidemiological data. We systematically reviewed worldwide literature on the prevalence of different types of CPP to assess the geographical distribution of data, and to explore sources of variation in its estimates.


Let Mnm (Fq) be the linear space of all nm matrices over the finite field Fq, equipped with the new weight introduced by Rosenbloom and Tsfasman. In this paper we extend the concept of generalized Wei weights for Rosenbloom-Tsfasman weights and show that all linear codes satisfy the chain condition in Mn� 1 (Fq).


Mandarin Chinese relies heavily upon the presence of a lexical tone to distinguish between otherwise homophonic words. In normal speech, lexical tone is conveyed primarily by means of a pitch contour which is imparted through control of the geometry and tautness of the glottis. Because of this importance, the relationship between pitch and Chinese tone, and its role in speech communications has been studied, and is relatively well understood. However the situation is different for whispered Chinese speech, in which the glottis remains open and is thus unable to influence pitch directly. For whispers, fundamental pitch is absent and can thus not be used to convey lexical tone. Does this then mean that the lexical tone of whispered Chinese is unintelligible? This paper reports the results of several experiments which have been conducted in order to investigate whispered Mandarin Chinese words in context-free carrier sentences.


Large arrays of ordered magnetic nanostructures have been fabricated by sputter depositing Fe/Gd multilayers on an array of self-assembled nanospheres. On a planar substrate the system shows an in-plane magnetization whereas a spin reorientation transition (SRT) to out-of-plane orientation occurs on the spherules. This SRT cannot only be explained by the reduction in the shape anisotropy due to patterning of the extended film into nanometer sized islands. In fact, more important is the curved surface of the film on the nanocaps. Micromagnetic simulations of various geometries reveal that the crescent shape of the magnetic film on the spheres is ideal to get small values of the shape anisotropy for all diameters of the spheres, ranging from 1 μm down to 20 nm. The observed SRT enables a simple and cost effective bottom-up approach to produce patterned perpendicular magnetic nanostructures, having a high potential for magnetic data storage and spintronic applications.


The realistic representation of an irregular geological body is essential to the construction of a particle simulation model. A three-dimensional (3D) sphere generator for an irregular model (SGIM), which is based on the platform of Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) in VC


Anonymization of datasets is an important problem in many different scenarios: the census bureau publishes anonymized information, hospitals want to make anonymized patient records available to health researchers, or network service provides might want to publish network traces. Anonymization techniques have have been investigated widely in the past few years [Sweeney, 2002; Machanavajjhala et al., 2006], but the focus of this work has been on the anonymization of one single table, where there is a 1:1 correspondence between tuples and real-world individuals, and tuples can be treated independently. We consider datasets that cannot be modelled adequately within the single table framework. As soon as the database contains information about the interaction of real-world entities, tuples in the database are no longer independent, and convential anonymization techniques fail for several reasons. This is in fact the case for many interesting datasets: email communication traces, social networks and data sharing in the intelligence community are only a few examples. There are two fundamentally different approaches to prevent the publication of private information about individuals. If the database is stored on a central server, and all authorized parties access the data through this server, then we can add noise to query answers and thus prevent an adversary from learning too much information about individuals. This approach does not work well when the information should be made available to the general public, or the data owner does not want to maintain the necessary infrastructure. Furthermore, collusion of parties and the time-evolution of the database is not solved satisfactorily in this setting. A second and more general approach is to anonymize the database once and then publish the anonymized version. Because here we do not know anything about the specific queries that are run on the published database, we have to give privacy guarantees with respect to all possible queries. In this report, we investigate the problems associated with the second approach in a graph data context. In the section 2, we introduce the Enron email dataset as an example that is used throughout the rest of this report. A formal framework for anonymization and disclosure analysis is


The strength of XPS imaging lies in its ability to (i) locate small patterns on sample surface, and (ii) inform, with micrometric lateral resolution, about the chemical environment of the elements detected at the surface. In this context, strontium-based perovskites appear to be well-adapted for such photoemission experiments thanks to their tunability and variability. These functional oxides have great potential for emerging optoand microelectronic applications, especially for transparent conductive oxide. Patterned heterostructure SrTiO3/SrVO3 was grown by pulsed laser deposition using a shadow mask. This stack was then analysed by XPS mapping in serial acquisition mode. Ti2p and V2p core level imaging clearly highlights the SrTiO3 and SrVO3 domains. The XPS mapping of the Sr3d core level will be extensively discussed: strontium being a common element to both oxides with a very similar chemical environment. Despite a lower contrast in Sr3d images, the two materials are discernible thanks to the topography. In addtion, the use of Sr3d FWHM image is a real asset to evidence the two phases. Finally, data processing by principal component analysis allows us to extract significant spectral information on the strontium atoms.


Analog pre-equalization can play an important role in the performance and monolithic implementation of high speed PRML read channels employing detection in the digital domain by reducing the number of quantization levels required in the analog-to-digital converter. The use of the 3-tap raised cosine equalizer as an analog pre-equalizer in a read channel employing digital adaptive equalization is examined. Following this, a parallel filter architecture suitable for implementation of high speed finite-impulse response filters (including the cosine equalizer) in both the analog and digital domain is described. This parallel filter architecture has been used in the analog domain in both a decimation filter and cosine equalizer in a prototype analog-to-digital interface and in the digital domain in a prototype digital adaptive equalizer/Viterbi sequence detector. Both circuits were fabricated in conservative 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technologies and operate with output sampling rates of 100 MHz. >


The relationship between the prolonged use of pneumatic powered tools and the development of Raynaud's phenomenon was first described by Loriga (1911), and subsequently by Hunter, McLaughlin, and Perry (1945), and by Lindqvist and Flemberg (1945). This association with high frequency vibratory tools was later extended to other industrial processes. Telford, McCann, and MacCormack (1945) and Agate (1949) described 44 outbreaks " in workers using flex-driven (Morris drive) rotary polishing tools, Middleton (1931) in workers on 44 pounding " machines in the boot and shoe industry, Gurdjian and Walker (1945) in those using light riveting hammers in aircraft construc tion, and Agate, Druett, and Tombleson (1946) in 44 hand-grinders " holding iron castings against revolving grinding wheels. Details of industrial techniques and the frequency and wave form of transmitted vibrations have been excellently reviewed by Agate and Druett (1947). The object of the present investigation was to determine whether sufferers from vibratory tool Raynaud's phenomenon can be distinguished by any objective criteria from normal subjects or from those who develop this condition from some other cause (Jepson, 1951). Its natural history was con sidered particularly in relation to the occurrence of nutritional or organic arterial lesions in the digits. An attempt was also made to evaluate the amount of disability which it causes, not only at work but also in leisure hours.


This article argues that unfulfilled prayers to Ceres in Tibullus' elegies are symptomatic of Rome's grain crises at the end of the Republic and beginning of Empire. My approach includes philological, socioeconomic, and psychoanalytic analysis of the elegies, in which the poet examines the shifting definition of a 'Roman' in his day. I seek to demonstrate the ways in which the poet grapples with the political and economic forces at work during the most turbulent period of Roman history: a time when income inequality was roughly equivalent to that of the U.S. and E.U. today.1


Making cyclopentene and alizarine-red or alizarine-yellow as reactants,two simultaneous tanning-dyeing agents PFTD-1,PFTD-2 were synthesized via three-step processes.These novel chemical materials for leather manufacturing were designed by inducing environmental-friendly dyes to α-carbon atoms of glutaraldehyde,therefore,a new type of reactive dye with novel reactive group,which could be applied to protein materials(such as leather,silk,wool,etc),were obtained.The results from the tanning-dyeing experiments by PFTD-1 and PFTD-2 to hide powder and pickled goat pelt indicated that,when the dosage of PFTD-1 and PFTD-2 was 4.0%,5.0% respectively(w/w,based on dry hide powder),both of the Tpfor treated hide powder from DSC analysis could reach 85℃;the original color of dyestuff would not be changed after the inducing of glutaraldehyde;and the washable property of the treated pelt were excellent.


Prior literature anticipated that with the growth of well-functioning capital markets in developing economies, value premium associated with business group would gradually disappear. Contrary to th...


We have been made aware that the innovative contributions, research method and the majority of the content of this article [...]


Statistical method, and in particular, simulation is the most widely used operations research modelling approach now employed by industry and government. Validation of a simulation model is the procedure designed to determine whether the model is an accurate representation of the portion of reality under consideration. It is a process distinct from model building or debugging (although interrelated). In this work, strategies and practical numerical techniques for validating large-scale production simulation models (or any other large system) are detailed. An evolution of the central concepts of large-scale model validation is represented first. The distinction between model user's risk and model builder's risk is highlighted as an important development which alters the problem into a consideration of the basis a decision-maker should use in determining whether to rely on the outputs of such models. Two quantitative techniques which are applications of the Turing test and of mathematical programming are de...


Winding deformation in power transformers affects its mechanical integrity. Diagnosis of winding deformation is a necessary step towards preventing its permanent failure. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) is widely used to analyze the nature and extent of deformation. However, the location of deformation needs the signature from the deformed transformer at various locations, which is practically not feasible. In this paper, Finite Element Method (FEM) and SFRA are used to model deformations on a benchmark winding and obtain corresponding signatures. Different parameters derived from SFRA are used as indices to distinguish type and location of deformations.


Two kinds of surface-modified MWCNT/Al2O3/ETDS composites, cured pad and uncured grease, were fabricated for high-thermal-conductivity materials application. MWCNTs were modified using aminoproplytriethoxysilane (APTES) and dodecylamine after acid treatment. The reaction mechanism of APTES and the surface structure of MWCNT was controlled using different reaction conditions. The effect of surface modification on the thermal conductivity was confirmed based on a 70 wt% Al2O3/ETDS composite. The thermal conductivity was found to be dependent on the composite type and surface structure of the modified MWCNTs; the amine-terminated MWCNTs showed the highest thermal conductivity among the pad type composites, while long carbon chain-terminated MWCNTs showed outstanding performance among the grease type composites. Moreover, the maximum processable MWCNT content was also influenced by the surface modification; structurally similar silanol groups affected the molecular mobility of the ETDS resin and they had the highest MWCNT content under the same process conditions.


Abstract: Background: The treatment of hepatitis C patients with advanced cirrhotic liver disease remains challenging and data on the outcome of treatment for this patient group is limited.


Abstract : Contents: Summary of Tropical Cyclones; Reconnaissance Data: Forecast Verification; Tropical Cyclone Best Track Data; Tropical Cyclone Fix Data.


Innovations in concrete technology are developing and increasing rapidly. Modifications were made in concrete research to produce concrete that is strong, economically valuable, and environmentally friendly. This can be done by using concrete waste as a concrete substitution material -which is coarse aggregate- and slag waste as a concrete substitution material for cement. In this research, the characteristic properties of these materials and the effects of their use on the strength of concrete will be studied. The compositions of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) varied by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% with the coarse aggregate composition of 40% against natural aggregate. The use of 50% GGBFS gave the compressive strength of 24.8 MPa. The use of GGBFS will result the economic value of concrete and reduce CO2 emissions.


We have observed the N=9-8 spin doublet emission line of C 4 H at 85.6 GHz in the carbon star IRC +10216 with the BIMA millimeter interferometer. The aperture synthesis images have an angular resolution of ∼10″ and a velocity resolution of ∼1.3 km s −1 . The data clearly show that C 4 H is distributed in a shell surrounding the central star, with little emission from the inner envelope. The peak of the average radial brightness profile in a map centered at the systemic velocity and with a width of 10 km s −1 is ∼0.88 K at a projected radius of 15″. From the brightness temperature profile we infer that the thickness of the shell at half-peak intensity is ∼15″


Insect injury to red clover by root-feeding weevils, mainly the clover root curculio (Sitona hispidula (F.)), and the association with root decay were investigated by periodic examinations of roots during 1965 and 1966. The abundance of Sitona spp. was also recorded from soil samples taken with the root samples. Greatest injury to the roots was observed during June and July of the first year of production, when larval populations were highest. The period of most rapid increase in the external decay of roots coincided with peak larval populations and the resulting increase in feeding injury. With increased severity of insect injury the external decay and, to a greater extent, the internal decay increased. During the period of these studies S. hispidula was widely distributed throughout the Maritime Provinces and was sufficiently abundant to be considered of economic importance.


Floristic survey of district Karnal, Haryana (India), was conducted from 2011-2012 for on enumeration of ethnobotanical plants. Overall 71 ethnobotanical species belonging to 67 genera and 38 families are documented. Among the families Leguminosae with 8 species is the dominant family followed by Asteraceae with 7 species. For the preparation of medicines major plant parts used are leaves, fruits, seeds and roots. Medicinal plants are listed with botanical name, family, local name, plant part used, diversity status and use value of each ethnomedicinal species.


Background: We conducted a scoping review of machine learning systems that inform individualised cardiovascular resuscitation of adults in hospital with sepsis. Our study reviews the resuscitation tasks that the systems aim to assist with, system robustness and potential to improve patient care, and progress towards deployment in clinical practice. We assume no expertise in machine learning from the reader and introduce technical concepts where relevant. Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, arXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv were systematically searched up to September 2021. We present a narrative synthesis of the included studies, which also aims to equip clinicians with an understanding of the foundational machine learning concepts necessary to interpret them. Results: 73 studies were included with 80% published after 2018. Supervised learning systems were often used to predict septic shock onset. Reinforcement learning systems were increasingly popular in the last five years, and were used to guide specific dosing of fluids and vasopressors. A minority of studies proposed systems containing biological models augmented with machine learning. Sepsis and septic shock were heterogeneously defined and 63% of studies derived their systems using a single dataset. Most studies performed only retrospective internal validation, with no further steps taken towards translating their proposed systems into clinical practice. Conclusions: Machine learning systems can theoretically match, or even exceed, human performance when predicting patient outcomes and choosing the most suitable cardiovascular treatment strategy in sepsis. However, with some notable exceptions, the vast majority of systems to date exist only as proof of concept, with significant barriers to translation.


The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the analysis of national and international economic security. The author examined in detail the approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic security". The conclusion is substantiated that today the most promising is the discussion of economic security in the context of the problem of "economic sustainability" at the national and international level. To develop priorities for economic security and determine the optimal course to achieve them, a conceptual apparatus for analyzing fundamental issues has been defined. In conclusion, key threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation are described.


In recent work on non-cooperative network formation star-shaped networks play an important role. In a particular theoretical model of Bala and Goyal (2000) center-sponsored stars are the only strict Nash networks. In testing this theoretical model Falk and Kosfeld (2003) do not find any experimental evidence that players select the center-sponsored star. Based on a slight modification of Bala and Goyal�s model we design a network formation experiment with varying link costs in which almost all groups not only reach a strict Nash network once but also switch strict Nash networks several times. The main innovation in our experiment is to use a continuous time framework which makes coordination on �stars� much easier than simultaneous strategy adaptation in discrete time.


© 2017 Ancient Science of Life | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Translational research applies findings from basic science to enhance human health and well‐being. In the context of medical research, findings in basic research are to be translated into medical practice that will lead to meaningful health outcomes. In spite of translational research being a buzz word, it is not clearly defined.


The causal or economic methods of forecasting are preferred to the pure time series or statistical methods because the former are explanatory as well as prescriptive whereas the latter are only prescriptive. But the causal or economic methods are sometimes not suitable or available, either because the economic theory pertaining to the variable under forecasting is in its infancy, or the data are not available. Further, the assumptions made in the economic models seldom stand the test of time as Cline ( 1985) indicates.


The relation between typhoid germ and shellfishes, especially oysters, has been intensively studied by many authors, and definite rules and regulations have been put in force for keeping the oysters free from the contamination by human excrement. But the bloody-clam has not yet been dealt with from the view-points of sanitary science. The material was obtained from several districts of northern as well as southern Japan (Aomori, Miyagi, Tiba, Tokyo, Aiti, Kumamoto Prefectures, Hokkaido and Korea.) during a period from January to February, 1936. Bacteriological analysis done according to Dr. TOHYA-MA'S improved method show that the B. coil score of shell oysters under 50 amounts to 96% of the total, including 60% of the score 0 and also 88% of the score under 5. The remaining 4% of the total belong to the score over 50 by American standard. (see Table 1)


Zeolites are widely employed in the industry, and typically synthesized under hydrothermal condition for a relatively long crystallization time. However, there is still a big challenge for the fast synthesis of mesoporous zeolites with enhanced mass transfer. Herein, for the first time, Gamma rays (γ-rays) irradiation was introduced into zeolite synthesis. It was found that the crystallization process of zeolite NaA, NaY, Silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 were greatly accelearted. The crystallization time of NaA zeolite was significantly decreased to 18 h under γ-rays irradiation at 20   o C, while more than 102 h was needed for the conventional process. Unexpectedly, more mesopores were created during this process, and thus the adsorption capacity of CO 2 increased extraordinarily by 6-fold compared to the NaA prepared without γ-rays irradiation. Solid experimental evidences and density function theory (DFT) calculations domonstrated that hydroxyl free radicals (OH*) generated by γ-rays greatly accelerated the crystallization of zeolite NaA. Besides NaA, mesoporous ZSM-5 with MFI topology was also successfully synthesized under γ-rays irradiation, which possessed excellent catalytic performance for methanol conversion, suggesting the universality of this new synthetic strategy for various zeolites.


An experimental study of the instantaneous local behavior of cavitation in turbo-pump inducers is presented in this article. Experiments held on a hydrodynamic facility equipped with an Ariane 5 inducer permitted achieving the aim. Cavitation is attained by reducing the pressure in a turbo machine having an inducer rotating at 4000 rpm. An X-ray tomography system developed specially for this aim, was used to measure the cavitation. The system employed an industrial X-ray generator and scintillation detectors. The generator/detectors system was fixed while the inducer was rotating. Vapor fraction was determined instantaneously, which confirms the applicability and the precision of the method in such type of measurements despite the constraints imposed by the geometry and the rotation speed. The dense composition of the system components introduced difficulties in the measurement especially at the inducer axis. However, prior information concerning the vapor regime as well as its stationary behavior in certain time intervals helped overcome this problem. Consequently a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the vapor fraction is obtained. Results show a cavitation regime mostly synchronous with the rotation of the inducer thus permitting the use of tomographic reconstruction for the localization of vapor in the machine. An algebraic reconstruction algorithm (ML-EM) was used to achieve image reconstruction.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer in Ningbo and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cervical cancer.Methods The incidence data of cervical cancer in Ningbo from 2006 to 2010 were collected to calculate the incidence and analyze the differences in different age groups and areas.Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to understand the incidence trend of cervical cancer.Results The incidence of cervical cancer was highest in age group 40-59 years,ranging from 20.96/lakh to 38.87/lakh.The standardized incidence in Fenghua was 17.18/lakh,which was higher than those in another 2 surveillance areas-Haishu and Yuyao.No change was found in the incidence trend over time.Conclusion Women aged 40-59 years were the high risk population of cervical cancer and the incidence of cervical cancer was high in rural area in Ningbo.


Where information is cheap, attention becomes expensive. In today's society, information is increasingly at hand. Today, via Internet, anyone has access to it. In the online environment, news channels are flooded with updates – most of them being takeovers of official Web sites of the institutions involved. Their huge numbers and increased dynamics demolish any attempt to build confidence in the government source. A few decades ago, the citizen had television as the main source of information. Soon after the number of TV channels has increased, was observed a decrease regarding the television consumer's confidence in the information provided this way. Before that, the newspaper and the radio went through similar stages. Today Internet is facing it. This paper proposes the realization of a conceptual framework for online delivery of information from the public environment to the citizens, businesses and other government institutions – as part of a success model regarding the public administration's communication with the environment it addresses to.  Keywords: web platform, new media, information delivery channel


Cathranthus roseus also known as periwinkle, an ornamental plant contains several medicinal values, was found with the symptoms of little leaf and witches' broom at Shahjahanpur location with the incidence of up to 8%. The phytoplasma etiology was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy examination in all the four-leaf samples. Molecular analysis through PCR with universal primer pairs P1/P6 followed by nested PCR with R16F2n/R16r2 primers yielded ~1.2kbp amplicons in all the four symptomatic leaf samples. One amplicon was eluted, purified, sequenced, and used in BLASTn searches, which showed maximum identity of periwinkle isolate with several isolates of 16SrIX group of phytoplasma. Further, phylogenic analysis and in silico RFLP confirmed the association of 16SrIX-C subgroup phytoplasma in little leaf and witches broom plants which is the first report from India.


We consider type II string theory compactified on a symmetric T /Z2 orientifold. We study a general class of discrete deformations of the resulting fourdimensional supergravity theory, including gaugings arising from geometric and "nongeometric" fluxes, as well as the usual R-R and NS-NS fluxes. Solving the equations of motion associated with the resulting N = 1 superpotential, we find parametrically controllable infinite families of supersymmetric vacua with all moduli stabilized. We also describe some aspects of the distribution of generic solutions to the SUSY equations of motion for this model, and note in particular the existence of an apparently infinite number of solutions in a finite range of the parameter space of the four-dimensional effective theory.


5th International Research Conference on Huanglongbing, Florida, 2017 – Keynote summary Black swans, dragons and the phoenix: rebuilding citrus after HLB P Mitchell 1 University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Citation: Mitchell P. 2017. Black swans, dragons and the phoenix: rebuilding citrus after HLB. J Cit Pathol. iocv_journalcitruspathology_35112. Black swans, dragons and the phoenix are cultural symbols and mythological figures, used here to bring a different perspective regarding the impact of HLB and to establish the transformative nature of the HLB epidemic. Citrus production will no longer be the same as a result of HLB, traditional practices and institutions will change or disappear. This type of event has been termed a "black swan" (Talib 2007) – transformative events that permanently change systems and that are rationalized in hindsight. HLB would seem to be a black swan for citrus production globally. Such black swan events create opportunities for those able to take advantage of them, much like a dragon is an omen of power and good luck in many traditions, though other traditions see dragons as malevolent creatures. Depending your perspective, HLB fits both. Finally, the phoenix is a mythical bird with each new generation reborn from the ashes of the previous and can serve as an icon for rebuilding the citrus industry after HLB. Humans have used myths and symbols to motivate and inspire for thousands of years and even scientists need inspiration and motivation, because as Stephen J. Gould reminds us, "the day-to-day work of science is intensely boring" (Horgan 2015, p. 123). Preliminary results from an economic analysis led by Dr. Fengxia Dong, an agricultural economist at the University of Wisconsin, helps quantify the economic impact of HLB on Florida citrus. Based on USDA NASS (2016) data, citrus bearing acres in Florida have been declining since 1997, but total citrus production was holding steady until after 2004 when HLB first appeared (Figure 1). The analysis examines how HLB and other factors have affected both new citrus plantings and removal, as well as citrus yield per bearing acre. Figures 2 and 3 graphically summarize the data used for the analysis. Annual plantings of new citrus acres dropped dramatically in the early 1990s and have remained below 15,000 acres since 2004, while removal of citrus acres rose steadily in the mid-1990s to peak in 2006 and since then have remained well-below 30,000 annually (Figure 2). As a result, total citrus bearing acres have been in decline for several years, even before the arrival of HLB. Yield per bearing acre showed no trend from 1990 until 2004, and then dropped dramatically in 2005 when HLB appeared; some recovery occurred after 2005, but a notable decline over the last four years has occurred so iocv_journalcitruspathology_35112 that average yields have fallen below even 2005 levels (Figure 3). Fig. 1. Florida citrus bearing acres and total citrus production 1990-2016 (Source: USDA-NASS 2016). Fig. 2. New citrus planting and citrus acres removed in Florida 1990- 2015 (Source: USDA-NASS 2016). Fig. 3. Average citrus yield (boxes per bearing acre) in Florida 1990- 2016 (Source: USDA-NASS 2016).


The live migration technology of virtual machine,fully leveraging virtualization's flexibility and encapsulation abilities,is very helpful for dynamic workload balancing and flexible application deployment in the large-scale virtual machine environments.However,the existing live migration mechanisms have to be in the face of some problem,such as convergence of iteration,redundance of copying,and guest OS transparence.This paper discusses the application of combining memory pushing copy with on-demand copy approaches,and proposes a live migration mechanism based on hybrid memory copy approach,named HybMEC,in order to accelerate VM state migration.Base on KVM virtual machine monitor,we have implemented the HybMEC prototype system.The evaluation results under various VM workloads show that HybMEC is able to efficiently support VM live migration with lower resource consumption and latency,and to achieve significant improvements over existing mechanisms by the total migration time and the volume of data synchronized over the network.


Subannular left ventricular aneurysm adjacent to the mitral valve is a rare entity predominantly seen in the young blacks. A young Indian patient with massive submitral left ventricular aneurysm (10.6 cm x 7.5 cm) presenting with congestive heart failure is reported with 2D-echocardiographic, haemodynamic and cineangiographic and pathologic data.


Abstract : In order to evaluate the potential impact of facsimile-imagery service upon the current and future Automatic Voice Network (AUTOVON) and to reduce the time required to perform worldwide AUTOVON Flash Non-Blocking (FNB) Studies, the capability of the DCEC Voice Network Model has been extended from a single class traffic model to a two class traffic model. As in the AUTOVON system, one class of traffic can preempt the other class of traffic. Both ruthless and friendly preemption disciplines have been incorporated in the model for either originating office or spill control. The DCEC Voice Network model has been used to perform engineering studies of AUTOVON, a worldwide circuit switched telephone system.


A4I1 is a long intersegmental interneurone whose soma lies in the fourth abdominal ganglion and whose axon ascends through, and branches in the thoracic and suboesophageal ganglia and the brain. It receives sensory input in the prothoracic ganglion from wind‐sensitive hairs on the head and prosternum and in the fourth abdominal ganglion from cercal afferents (Pflüger: J. Comp. Neurol. 223:343–357, '84). Spikes can be initiated from both of these ganglia. In the present study the neurone was stained by intracellular injection of cobalt salts for light microscopy and of horseradish peroxidase for electron microscopy. The morphology of its neurites in the thoracic and fourth abdominal ganglia and the distribution of synapses upon them could then be observed and correlated. In the fourth abdominal ganglion the neurone receives input synapses but makes no outputs. In each thoracic ganglion the neurone has fine, varicose ventral neurites and thicker dorsal neurites. The ventral neurites are most abundant in the prothoracic ganglion where they receive only input synapses. In the meso‐ and metathoracic ganglia the ventral neurites also receive inputs, but in addition they make output synapses. In all three thoracic ganglia output synapses are abundant on the dorsal branches, but in the meso‐ and metathoracic ganglia a small number of inputs are also received here. The possibility that the function of the interneurone may not be the same in all of the thoracic ganglia is discussed in the light of its known physiological properties.


The cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard under different degrees of vibration fatigue were studied.Paperboard of different vibration fatigue degrees was tested under several humidity environments.Quasi-static compression was carried out and the stress-strain curve,relationship curve of cushioning coefficient and humidity,vibration frequencies,plastic deformation,and energy absorption curve were obtained with Matlab software.The results showed that material bearing capacity,residual yield force,the cushioning effect,and energy absorbing characteristic were weakened with the increasing number of vibration and relative humidity;the strain were different.It was concluded that various properties of honeycomb paperboard are weakened by vibration fatigue.The purpose was to provide theoretical basis for design of cushioning packaging products under different environment and logistics conditions.


The human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer, can be transmitted through same sex relationships, says a new report commissioned by the NHS cervical screening programme.

The report calls for more targeted healthcare advice on cervical cancer screening for lesbians.

HPV, present in almost 100% of cases of cervical cancer, has historically been associated with heterosexual relationships, leading to the incorrect assumption that lesbian women were not at risk of developing cervical cancer and therefore did not need to be screened.

The report emphasises the need to expand screening to take into account the fact that "lesbian and bisexual women may contract HPV through their own previous sexual behaviour with men" but also that the …


To minimize the chemical oxygen demand(COD) value of the waste water from citric acid production by Fenton advanced treatment technology,the effect of four factors on the COD value were studied,including deposing time,Fe2+ and H2O2 amount,reacting pH and flocculant amount.Pilot scale experiment was done.The cost was analyzed,and the method to build the project was studied.The results show that the COD value of the waste water of citric acid could be reduced to 60 mg/L after Fenton advanced treatment.The best reacting condition was as follow: the deposing time 5min,the pH value before reaction 5.0,Fe2+and H2O2 consuming amount 50mg/L and 60mg/L,respectively.