In the health care industry in Nigeria, the salesforce is the one group that directly generate the revenues for the firms. Thus the salesforce is directly involved in carrying out the company's strategic marketing plans. How well these plans are implemented depends to a great extent on the choice and training of salespeople to do the implementing. There is no question that sales training is an important function. However, this study was undertaken to determine the attitudes of the drug reps when management are trying to introduce sales training programs. The study was examined in the light of Douglas McGregor theories (1960). Both secondary and primary sources were employed to gather information for the study. The target population of the study was 624 sales force size of the top ten health care companies in Nigeria. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size of 244 salespeople in the industry. Symmetric measures were used for hypothesis testing. The result shows a Pearson's R of 0.104 and Spearman correlation of 0.108 values which are less than the critical R value of 0.124 indicating an apathetic attitudes of the drug reps when management are trying to introduce sales training programs. This reflects a feeling that the sales training programs are accomplishing little and are expendable. Hence, sales training programs have to be sold, just like any product or service. Well-designed programs are easier to sell to drug reps than those put together with little or no thought. Keywords Apathetic Attitudes, Sales Training, Health Care Industry, Drug Reps, Training Evaluation, Training Assessment, Strategic Planning.


SUMMARY. The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the association of a transparent adhesive lm possessing selective permeability with a hydrogel (Burnshield). This association was used in burn patients in order to reduce skin maceration, improve medication, control pain more effectively, and reduce the incidence of late complications (hypertrophic scars). The external part of the lm is impermeable to uid and micro-organisms but allows transpiration of water vapour from the cutis. The permeability to water vapour of a semi-permeable lm in contact with liquids is measured in g/m 2 /24 h/37 °C and is dened as the moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR). In our study we used a lm with an MVTR equal to 1600. Over a period of about two years, we used this type of therapy in the rst-aid treatment of 48 burn patients, four of whom were lost during therapy and four during the follow-up. The most frequent complication, which occurred at various stages during medication, was skin maceration (15 patients out of 44, i.e. 34%). Other complications we recorded during therapy were: infections in two patients (4.5%), vertigo in one patient (2.2%), and abundant brin production in one patient (2.2%). In some of the patients we found associated diseases and/or conditions: hepatic cirrhosis, one case; diabetes, one case; epilepsy, one case; pregnancy, one case (33rd week). Four patients were sent to the burns unit, respectively three with second-degree burns in the hand and one patient with second-degree burns in the abdomen and thigh with 12% total body surface area burned. In the re-epithelialization phase we recorded complications in eight patients - seven with residual inammation (17.5%), and one with hypertrophic scars (2.5%). During the follow-up we recorded late complications in two patients out of 40 (5%). Same Plast Gel ® gel was used in eight patients, of whom six out of seven with residual inammation resolved their clinical picture, while in one patient, in spite of therapy, the residual inammation evolved into hypertrophic scarring. Treatment with Same Plast Gel® in the two late patients with lesions reduced both thickness and ex


The aim of this study was to examine the effects of biological ageing on concentration of free calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) in platelets of type 2 diabetic patients, an issue not documented till now. Since diabetes platelets are surrounded by a hyperglycemic environment enriched in products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins (known as "advanced glycation end products" (AGEs)), we questioned on the individual effect of high glucose concentration, AGEs, and oxidative stress on platelet [Ca2+]i. To these purposes, we performed: (i) measurement of basal and thrombin-stimulated [Ca2+]i in platelets isolated from type 2 diabetic patients and from normal subjects of young (27 ± 7 years), mature (48 ± 12 years) and older (>60 years) age, and (ii) quantitation of [Ca2+]i when platelets of young healthy subjects were exposed to 25.5 mM glucose (vs. 11 mM glucose), 0.23–1.7 mM AGE-poly-L-lysine (vs. poly-L-lysine), 0.3–2.26 mM AGE-albumin (vs. albumin), and to 10 mM and 100 mM H2O2. Reactions of nonenzymatic glycation were conducted in vitro to prepare AGE-poly-L-lysine and AGE-albumin, and spectrofluorimetry was used to measure platelet free [Ca2+]i following Fura-2/AM cells loading. The results showed that: (i) in physiological conditions, [Ca2+]i was ∼10% increased in the platelets of the mature subjects, and ∼33% enhanced at the older group (vs. young), sustaining that biological ageing is associated with accumulation of free [Ca2+]i within the platelets cytoplasm; (ii) in type 2 diabetes, [Ca2+]i was ∼16% and ∼27% higher in the platelets of mature and older patients, respectively (vs. age-matched normals), demonstrating that ageing of diabetics is accompanied by alterations in calcium balance (vs. physiological ageing); (iii) thrombin (1U/ml) induced ∼39% increase of [Ca2+]i in platelets of matures and ∼29% at older normals, and ∼34% increase at the mature diabetics, ∼84% at the older diabetics (vs. no thrombin condition), indicating that under thrombin stimulation simultaneous insults of diabetes and advanced age produced a higher thrombin-evoked mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores; (iv) the components of the diabetic milieu had various effects on platelet free [Ca2+]i: high enhancement (∼73%) in 25.5 mM glucose (vs. 11 mM glucose), a minor increase (∼15%) in 100 mM H2O2, and a decrease (by ∼56% and ∼132%) in 1.7 mM AGE- poly-L-lysine (vs. poly-L-lysine) and 2.26 mM AGE- albumin (vs. albumin), respectively. Thus, a complex of factors contribute to platelet free [Ca2+]i during biological ageing of diabetics: age, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress release Ca2+ from intracellular stores, while AGE products reduced the cytosolic free Ca2+. Thus, platelets [Ca2+]i level is the final result of the combined effects of ageing and of the components of the diabetic milieu.


In order to solve the problem that the low concentration oxygen-bearing coal mine methane can't be concentrated and utilized,the pressure swing adsorption processes for enriching methane from the extracted coal mine methane was studied experimentally,and the coal mine methane's concentration was 20%.To ensure the safety of the enrichment process,mixed adsorbents was used,which can adsorb methane and oxygen simultaneously,so that the oxygen and methane concentration of both vent gas and desorption gas of the process were in safe range.The effects of adsorber length-to-diameter ratio,adsorption time,ratio of adsorbents,orifice diameter,purge time on the process were investigated.The results show that taking the carbon molecular sieve and activated carbon adsorbent as the mixed adsorbent,the methane concentration of coal mine methane can be concentrated from 20% to above 30%,when the mass ratio of the blend adsorbent is 3.4.At this point,the concentration of methane and oxygen of vent gas below 3% and 10% respectively.


ABSTRACT: Music therapists can play a significant role in the treatment of communication disorders. Understanding the distinction between language and speech, however, is critical to evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. This article reviews the definitions and characteristics of adult onset aphasia, apraxia, and dysarthria and outlines the distinctions necessary for music therapists to know and use. Current information regarding music therapy and music-related therapy techniques is included. Music therapists can play a significant role in the treatment of communication disorders. Understanding the distinction between language and speech, however, is critical to evaluating the effectiveness of music therapy. Clients who demonstrate increased intelligibility through singing may not have an understanding of the words they are producing, while other clients may have ideas they are unable to express. The definitions used for speech and language disorders are part of the problem; speech-language pathology literature does not use consistent terminology. More important, for music therapists, is the lack of a comprehensive model that integrates current knowledge of the neuroscience of speech and language, and an understanding of the process of communication, with the music therapy strategies that can have an impact on these areas. This article focuses on a single issue that would be part of such a model: the distinctions between adult-onset aphasia, apraxia, and dysarthria and the implications of those differences on music therapy research and practice. Principles of Verbal Communication The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association describes the distinction between speech and language this way: "Language is a code made up of rules that include what words mean, how to make words, how to put them together, and what word combinations are best in what situations. Speech is the oral form of language" (ASHA, 2004). Language can be expressed in many ways, including alternative and augmentative communication. The act of verbal communication is a complicated process, from the conceptualization of an idea and the production and articulation of speech sounds by one person to the reception of those sounds and comprehension of their meaning by another. Dronkers and Ogar (2004) described the expressive act as follows: "Thoughts must be translated into linguistic representations (itself not a trivial feat), which are then sent to speech mechanisms that can coordinate, initiate, modify and execute the articulation of an utterance" (p. 1461). Researchers and writers have described the process of verbal communication both in conceptual and neurological terms. Sperber (1995) has provided an informal picture: if Jill wants to communicate some meaning to Jack, she looks up in her mental grammar of English the sound associated to that particular meaning, and produces that sound for Jack to hear. Jack then looks up in his mental grammar the meaning associated with that particular sound. In that manner, Jack finds out what Jill had in mind. Of course, all this "looking-up" is automatic and unconscious (except when you can't find your words, and become painfully aware of searching for them). Thanks to this double conversion-the encoding of meaning into sound, and the decoding of sound into meaning-Jill and Jack are now sharing a thought, (p. 191) Peach (2004) has reviewed two more formal models of the communication pathway that include at least three steps: a central language processing area selects phonemes' to represent thought and then sends neural codes to a motor planning center, which, in turn, activates the muscles needed to produce speech sounds in the correct order. Speech itself involves the rapid sequencing of two motor acts: sound and gesture. It depends on the repetition of learned movement patterns, the ability to initiate new movements, and the brain's ability to be flexible in how it achieves particular vocal and articulatory results (Barlow, Parley, & Andreatta, 1999). …


A new study in the field of microwave imaging techniques is presented. Leakages from an elliptical microwave applicator is the corner-stone of the study. The diffracted fields due to the treated material and elliptical aperture are processed to obtain an image of the applicator end terminal. Subsequently, an exact determination of the maximum leakage values is carried out. The results are displayed in the form of three dimensional surfaces representing the changes of the leakage field intensity as a function of the aperture geometry,. Working frequency is 2.45 GHz and the principles can be applied to any microwave frequency.


The algae removal characters by hydroponic bio-filter method (HBFM) were studied applying ecological water area isolation (mesocosm) technique simulating and reappearing small enclosed water body surroundings. The average removal rate of algae reached 61.1% and the removal effect of Microcystis sp. was distinct especially. By means of constructing a mathematical ecological model for computer simulation, it was obtained that Chl.a concentration in enclosed water body reduced from 100μg/L to 10μg/ L in 45 days by HBFM when the circular ratio (day treatment water amount/enclosed water body capacity) was 0.2.


In this paper, we discuss how conflicts between believable agents can be modelled, and how dialogues aimed at resolving these conflicts can be simulated on a machine. To support our analysis, we consider an example of doctor-to-patient interaction, in which several sources of conflict exist, and where emotion and personality factors play a crucial role.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the influence of a professional Religious Education (RE) conference on a small group of English Primary teachers' emerging identities as teacher-researchers. It is framed by analysis of agency as a means of examining how teachers can become capable producers of knowledge as active partners in dialogue with critical others. The paper argues that attending the conference played a role in increasing teachers' professional identify and agency because it provided a novel context of action in teachers' professional lives. Teachers were made aware of a much broader professional community to which they had legitimate membership where knowledge exchange and professional validation was intensified. The conference enabled reflexive thinking that disrupted teachers' 'taken for granted' habits and beliefs by offering new ways of seeing, being and acting, and in which they could forecast teacher-research as a feasible, relevant and purposeful aspect of their professional lives.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of transvaginal ultrasound and transabdominal color Doppler combined with blood human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods One hundred and sixty-seven patients with suspected early ectopic pregnancy were detected of serum HCG,measurement of endometrial thickness and blood flow by vaginal transabdominal color Doppler,nutrient artery blood flow spectrum,which were pathologically confirmed by laparoscopy or operation.The detection rate and early diagnestic accuracy rate of combined therapy for ectopic pregnancy were observed.Results Among the 167 cases,early unruptured in 50 cases (29.94%),early miscarriage in 60 cases (35.92%),have been ruptured in 53 cases (31.73%),misdiagnosis in 4 cases (2.45%),diagnostic accuracy rate was 97.60%.Conclusions Abdominal vaginal CDFI can quickly and accurately obtain the evidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP),combined with biochemical examination of blood HCG for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is a good means to reduce the missed small lesions.

Key words:
Transabdominal and transabdominal color doppler ultrasound; Blood human chorionic gonadotropin; Ectopic pregnancy


This is a small pattern language for running online trainings. The language starts with an entry pattern ONLINE TRAINING. All other patterns are supporting this pattern and help to make online trainings more alive. Some of the patterns are not exclusive for online uses, for instance PREPARED EXAMPLE or TEST RUN. These patterns could be part of a pattern language for trainings as well. They are included in this collection because they are important for online settings particularly. Another example is PAUSE FOR QUESTION. This should be applied in classroom education as well. But the present pattern description takes special forces into account, i.e. online you have to plan more pauses due to the lack of any non-verbal feedback.


In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional arc spraying and the high velocity arc spraying,such as the high inlet compressed air pressure,high energy consuming,high noise and coating oxidation,etc,a novel micro-flux high velocity arc spraying gun was briefly designed on the base of the gas dynamics model.The effects of the inlet pressure,nozzle throat diameter,nozzle expansion ratio on the nozzle gas velocity profile and nozzle gas flux were investigated.Results show that the reduction of the nozzle throat diameter and the lowering of the inlet gas pressure are effective methods to re-duce the gas flux.The structure of micro-flux high velocity arc spraying gun is designed based on that.


This article analizes what the neoliberal movement lmpels and crystalizes in the International Financial Organisms (IPO) have called "Stale Reform". That so called start reform deals with changes in the structure and functions of the Public Administration according with the criteria establish by the IFO under the excuse of payment of the external debt. (cf. our book wich was born as a consequence of the Fulbright Scholarship for investigation, Georgetown and American Universities, Washington, D. C., USA- The crisis external debt of Latin America, San jose, University mi' Costa Rica, 1.995.).


Objective To appraise the advantages and disadvantages of assisted vaginal delivery by forceps and vacuum extraction. Methods Pregnant women delivered by vacuum extraction or obstetric forceps in HongKong University Queen Mary Hospital during Jan 2002 to Dec 2002 were compared with the successful with rate, maternal perineal, vaginal injuries, injury to the baby and maternal anesthetic requirements by retrospective analysis. Results Two kinds of assisted vaginal delivery showed no significant difference in successful rate, maternal perineal, vaginal injuries and injury to the baby( P 0.05) . Conclusion Vacuum extraction is a safe, simple, perspective valuable method in assisted vaginal delivery.


An enhanced distributive bargaining model is developed to be used as the foundation model of a group-decision support system for facilitating collective bargaining. The proposed system takes into account the multiple objectives decision process and is able to handle qualitative decision variables. The implementation of the proposed system can expedite bargaining and minimize the possibility of a work stoppage.


A high‐order Petrov–Galerkin finite element scheme is presented to solve the one‐dimensional depth‐integrated classical Boussinesq equations for weakly non‐linear and weakly dispersive waves. Finite elements are used both in the space and the time domains. The shape functions are bilinear in space–time, whereas the weighting functions are linear in space and quadratic in time, with C0‐continuity. Dispersion correction and a highly selective dissipation mechanism are introduced through additional streamline upwind terms in the weighting functions. An implicit, conditionally stable, one‐step predictor–corrector time integration scheme results. The accuracy and stability of the non‐linear discrete equations are investigated by means of a local Taylor series expansion. A linear spectral analysis is used for the full characterization of the predictor–corrector inner iterations. Based on the order of the analytical terms of the Boussinesq model and on the order of the numerical discretization, it is concluded that the scheme is fourth‐order accurate in terms of phase velocity. The dissipation term is third order only affecting the shortest wavelengths. A numerical convergence analysis showed a second‐order convergence rate in terms of both element size and time step. Four numerical experiments are addressed and their results are compared with analytical solutions or experimental data available in the literature: the propagation of a solitary wave, the oscillation of a flat bottom closed basin, the oscillation of a non‐flat bottom closed basin, and the propagation of a periodic wave over a submerged bar. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) technique is highly developed in recent years,which is of high sensitivity and high resolution absorption spectra.This article describes the basic principles and system structure of TDLAS and harmonic detection.For the natural gas pipelines,tunnels,as well as gathering station site,this article also introduces the principles and programs of the open-laser-based gas leakage monitoring system.This article proposes using a single set of system to monitor multi-directional simultaneously.And this way can reduce the cost of the monitoring system in the gathering and transportation station yard field.


The Sliding Track Panel (STP) System is a method for installing Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) in a long-span ballastless track bridge, such as a truss bridge. The STP system aims to reduce additional stress generated on the rail due to track-bridge interactions. However, as the STP system eliminates longitudinal resistance by eliminating the sleeper fastener device installed on the existing ballastless track bridge, there is no buckling stability in the vertical and lateral directions. Therefore, a plan was devised to install a lateral reinforcement plate to increase the lateral resistance. This paper investigated the effect of increasing the lateral resistance of the reinforcing plate through a field test to determine the lateral resistance performance of the track panel.


Anisogenic mutant ofHaemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) lacking theability toexpress theP2major outer membrane(porin) protein wasconstructed andcharacterized invarious modelsystems. Linker insertion mutagenesis ofacloned HibDNA insert containing theP2structural genewasusedinconjunction witha genetic transformation system toobtain atransformant unreactive withaP2-specific monoclonal antibody. Thistransformant wasshowntolack detectable P2protein bybothprotein staining andimmunoblot methods. TheP2mutant exhibited ageneration timeincomplex broth mediumthat wassignificantly longer thanthat of thewild-type parent strain. TheP2mutant wasalso unable toproduce detectable bacteremia ininfant rats after intraperitoneal challenge, while thewild-type parent strain produced bacteremia inallanimals challenged with this strain. Reintroduction ofawild-type copyoftheP2geneinto this mutant yielded atransformant strain that hadageneration timeinvitro identical tothat ofthewild-type parent strain andthat wasalso fully virulent intheinfant ratmodel. Thesefindings suggest that theability tosynthesize theP2protein maybenecessary butnotsufficient forfull expression ofvirulence bythis pathogen. Haemophilus influenzae typeb(Hib) colonizes themucosaofthenasopharynx and,fromthis anatomic region, can penetrate intothesystemic circulation andproduce both bacteremia andmeningitis (46). Thisability toproduce systemic disease suggests thatthis gram-negative bacterial pathogen possesses specialized virulence mechanisms which endowitwithinvasive properties notgenerally present inthe other microbial residents ofthemucosaoftheupperrespiratory tract. TheHibcapsular polysaccharide hasbeen showntobeaprimary virulence factor ofthis organism, so thatgenetic elimination ofcapsule biosynthesis capability renders Hibstrains avirulent inanimal modelsystems (36, 46,54). Similarly, alterations intheexpression oflipooligosaccharide (LOS)byHibhavebeenassociated with diminution ofthevirulence potential ofthis organism (27, 28, 57,58). Incontrast totheinvolvement ofthese nonproteinaceous cell surface components intheexpression ofvirulence by Hib,arole forouter membrane proteins inthepathogenesis ofexperimental Hibdisease hasyettobedemonstrated. Whileseveral different Hiboutermembrane proteins have beenshowntobetargets forantibodies protective against Hibdisease inananimal model(8,10,11,26,30,37,39), noneofthese protective antigens hasbeenidentified asa virulence factor. Infact, atleast twoofthese protective outer membraneantigens (the 98,000-high-molecular-weight [98K] protein andtheP1heat-modifiable major outer membrane protein) havebeenshowntoplaynodetectable role in theexpression ofvirulence byHibinananimal model(23, 38,56).


With the rapid development of information construction, identity identification has become an important factor affecting the economic and social security in the era of big data. Face recognition is the core research direction in the field of identity authentication and image processing security. In recent years, the research of face recognition mainly focuses on how to eliminate the influence of environmental factors and facial occlusion. A face detection model based on feature registration is proposed, which uses Gaussian filter processing to realize image noise reduction, and introduces the improved Prewitt operator edge detection to realize binarization. Through the gray level threshold separation and screening of specific areas, on the basis of position determination, location of face organs and parameters were analyzed, and the face recognition model was constructed, and puts forward the improved Harris corner feature extraction methods in combination with Normalized Cross Correlation face matching normalization algorithm. The experimental effect showed that the experimental accuracy reached 90.13%, and time efficiency was increased by 6.67%.


The classes of statistically convergent difference sequence spaces of fuzzy real numbers defined by Orlicz functions are introduced. Some properties of these sequence spaces like solidness, symmetricity, convergence-free etc. are studied. We obtain some inclusion relations involving these sequence spaces.


Type II polyketides are polyaromatic bacterial secondary metabolites which have seen great success in the clinic. Doxorubicin and tetracycline are two such FDA‐approved drugs which showcase the potential anticancer and antibiotic properties of type II polyketides. These molecules are produced via enzymatic assembly lines (polyketide synthases; PKSs) encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters. Further study of diverse type II PKSs can allow for a greater understanding into how enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway interact to form structurally complex and pharmacologically relevant molecules. Our research focuses on the in vitro characterization of key enzymes in the type II PKSs encoded by ancient and orphaned biosynthetic gene clusters. We have been able to heterologously express several of these key enzymes from various previously‐unstudied bacterial strains. We have also characterized and confirmed the expression of these enzymes via various analytical techniques including gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation, and fast protein liquid chromatography. These methods of characterization will allow for novel insights into the in vitro structure of these type II PKS enzymes. By harnessing the powerful biosynthetic capability of type II PKSs and studying how these enzymes interact with their native partners, we can develop tools to attain new chemical diversity through chemical engineering approaches.


Abstract Protestant religious education is aimed primarily at protestant pupils, but is also open to non-denominational children. New challenges arise, if, as in some instances in eastern Germany, the majority of pupils in religious education are non-denominational - a situation, in which some traditional contents of protestant religious education may cause severe misunderstandings. The article argues, therefore, that protestant religious education should be based not only on a denominational teacher and curriculum, but should also focus on the practice of religion in a specific denominational style. Religious education under these circumstances is sometimes urged to leave the classroom for studying the practice of Christian belief and encountering the plurality of Protestantism.


The presence of ice on the surface of insulators is sometimes the cause of severe problems in power networks. In fact, the presence of ice reduces the electrical performance of insulators in ways that can, in some circumstances, lead to flashover, resulting in power outages. The maximum withstand voltage of ice-covered insulators is distinctly inferior to that of clean insulators. The electrical performance of insulators also depends on atmospheric conditions during the formation and development of ice deposits. Temperature liquid water content, wind speed, water droplet size, conductivity of precipitation, as well as the nature and strength of the electric field are major factors influencing the type, quantity and uniformity of ice. This paper gives an account of the research carried out on the electrical behaviour of ice-covered insulators, particularly in relation to laboratory ice simulation, voltage application methods and the major intervening factors. The paper also reports on the work being done in laboratories around the world, and highlights the results obtained at the High Voltage and Atmospheric Icing Laboratory of the University of Quebec in Chicoutimi (UQAC).


Based on the multi-time remote sensing image,the evolution of landscape pattern in Kanas scenic area during the recent 13 years was discussed.By integrating Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS),and selecting the TM/CMB images of Kanas scenic area in 1992,2000 and 2005,the landscape metrics combined with gradient analysis were employed to analyze the landscape pattern features and changes of Kanas scenic area based on the field survey.The results demonstrated that the landscape pattern of Kanas scenic area did not change dramatically in 13 years,and the landscape diversity maintained at the high level.The area of sunny slope grassland(SSG),forest(F) and shrub grassland(SG) increased,but the increase amplitude was small.The area of build-up land(BL) saw large increase,5 times more in 2005 than in 1992,the total increased area was equivalent to the decreased area of midmountain meadow(MM);The fragmentation index and patch number of alpine meadow(AM) and alpine tundra and rock vegetation(ATRV) showed a decreasing tendency.The fragmentation index and patch number of BL,MM and SSG showed an increasing tendency,and other landscape type did not change.Based on the Markov model of landscape pattern dynamic simulation,the changes of landscape pattern were divided into two periods:1992-2000 and 2000-2005.The actuating force of landscape pattern changes was mainly natural factors from 1992 to 2000,and the influence of human disturbance on landscape pattern changes gradually increased from 2000 to 2005.


This article aims to contribute to the study of strategic human resource accounting, especially with respect to the measurement, evaluation and disclosure, with a view to attending to the presupposition of stakeholders. We deal with the role played by human resources, used by entities in a permanent and continuous way, enlarging the universe of information and transparency demanded by users of accounting, economic, financial, social and environmental information. This text starts from the premise that, when realized efficiently and efficaciously, people management, in combination with physical and technological resource management, generates additional value and, moreover, allows for increased productivity, maximized profitability and organizational continuity. It is explained that human resources are assets, since they are knowledge owners, which stimulate organizational growth and economic development, although still not recognized by traditional accounting. This text also deals with performance indicators, elaborated on the basis of the management accounting information system, such as: production, productivity, quality, value added, profitability and (operational) people management.


This paper presents a collaborative learning system to support the learning experience of children in museums. The proposed system uses the Kinect Sensor for human sensing tasks required for delivering an interactive learning experience. The study recognizes that museums are an important source of scientific knowledge as they facilitate experiential and conversational learning. However, the main learning method in museums is passive—observing exhibits and reading explanations on text panels. Thus, few opportunities exist for children to discuss the experience and engage in conversations, thereby limiting the learning experience for children. Therefore, we developed a Kinect sensor based collaborative immersive learning support system for a museum that enables children to learn through body movements and conversation. In addition, we developed interactive content that can be manipulated by children using body movements. In this manuscript, we describe the outline of the system under development. In addition, we demonstrate using experiments that the Kinect sensor can be applied to accurately recognize the body movement of multiple users; this can be regarded as the first step towards realizing a cooperative learning support system for museums.


Training is recognised as a key resource to reduce the gap between required and provided skills and to meet the continuous changes faced by organisations. However, since training efforts involve significant costs and risks for both training providers and recipients, rigorous measures of training capability to improve employees' skill match would provide guidance for a more effective use of available resources. Based on data on employees from the 28 EU countries collected by the CEDEFOP ESJ survey this paper assesses the impact of three measures of training on change in skill match levels by means of a propensity score matching with difference-in-differences approach. All examined types of training moderate the gap between the initial skill mismatch and the desired target of skill match. However, training received in the 12 months before the survey decreases the overall skill gap by lowering overskilling, whereas cumulative formal training undertaken since start of current job involves a reduction in


"The confusion of a logical with a real predicate," according to the Critique of Pure Reason, "is almost beyond correction" (A598/B626). Kant did not assert that existence is no predicate, but that it is only a "logical" one, and not a "real" one. Much the same thing has been said about identity, although Kant himself thought it is real and not logical. We have long lacked a rigorous criterion to distinguish real from logical predicates, and hence have not been able to say why the difference matters. This paper has two objects. First it provides a demarcation between real and logical predicates that confirms Kant's dictum that existence is only "logical." Secondly it states the theory of a "logical" (but not "real") relation of identity. Perhaps this is not the only identity relation. I show only that once it has been precisely defined in the right setting, there are definite answers to a number of disputed questions about identity. Maybe there are other concepts of identity for which different answers are to be given, but I shall not discuss that disagreeable prospect here. A third application concerns the ontological argument.


With the rapid development of engineering construction,more and more deep foundation pits have occurred,while there are usually intensive engineering piles in the bottom of deep excavation.At present,the researches on engineering piles in the bottom of excavation are not comprehensive at home and abroad,and construction accidents are often caused because of unreasonable excavation or wasting resources due to blind piling with little understanding of this in actual engineering.For two cases of no piles and pile groups in the bottom of excavation,the changes of ground displacement,soil uplift on the bottom of excavation,structural deformation,structural moment and lateral earth pressure are compared by means of the finite element software ABAQUS.The deformation behaviors of the foundation pit and the stress characteristics of retaining structures are investigated under deep excavation unloading conditions.Finally,the changes of pile-soil relative slip,pile shaft axial force and skin friction under various excavation steps are analyzed,and the stress characteristics of the piled foundation under excavation unloading conditions are gained.


We propose a dynamic time allocation method in cooperative multiplexing with partial relaying system. This method uses a linear programming and considers protocol that is based on relaying of partial information bits followed by cooperative multiplexing. In this protocol, regardless of the location of relay, the allocation time for each transmission time slots are constant. Using a dynamic time allocation method with considering the location of relay, we can find optimal transmission time slots, and show that the system capacity is optimized.


The dynamics of X-ray emission from a 3 kJ argon plasma focus has been studied using a five channel PIN diode X-ray spectrometer (DXS) and a time-resolved X-ray pinhole imaging system. The five channel DXS is used to investigate the spectral evolution of the X-ray emission from the focussed plasma whereas the time-resolved X-ray pinhole imaging system provides information on the temporal evolution of the structure, of the X-ray emission regions during the focus discharge. Two periods of X-ray emission are observed during a focus discharge, one during the radial compression phase of the discharge and the second period occurs at a time of about 200 ns after the maximum compression. The first period X-rays are emitted from a hot argon plasma with an electron temperature of about 1.5 keV whereas the second period X-rays consist of predominantly the copper Ka line radiations. Time-resolved X-ray pinhole imaging of the focus discharge visualises the formation of the focussed plasma column during the radial compression phase corresponding to the first period of X-ray emission. The formation of a second compression at a time of about 65 ns after the first maximum compression has also been observed. The second period X-ray emission is observed at a time of about 200 ns from the maximum compression and it is believed to be emitted from the anode itself or from the copper vapour ejected from the anode due to electrori'beam bombardment.


To solve a wide range of metrological tasks, portable coordinate measuring machines (PCMMs) are used. They are also called "measuring arms" because of the analogy with the human arm. Unlike stationary CMMs, they are compact, portable, and easily applicable in almost all production conditions. For an assessment of the quality of measurement systems during measurement process, a methodology standardized for the automotive industry is used- Measurement System Analysis (MSA). This paper deals with the application of MSA methods in the portable coordinate measuring machines (PCMMs). Results of the evaluation of two types of PCMMs are presented.


Traditional UNIX - I/O interfaces are based on copy semantics, where read and write calls transfer data between the kernel and user-defined buffers. Although simple, copy semantics limit the ability of the operating system to efficiently implement data transfer operations. In this paper, we present extensions on the traditional UNIX interfaces that are based on explicit buffer exchange. Instead of transferring data between user-defined buffers and the kernel, the new extensions transfer data buffers between the user and the kernel. We study using the new interfaces in typical application programs, and compare their use to the stan-dard UNIX interfaces. The new interfaces lend themselves to an efficient zero-copy data transfer implementation. We describe such an implementation in this paper, and we examine its performance. The implementation, done in the context of the SolarisTM operating system, is very efficient: for example, on a typical file transfer benchmark, the network throughput was improved by more than 40% and the CPU utilization reduced by more than 20%.


98 knew how their summative results contributed to their intercalated BSc (IBSc) classification, whereas only 17 had done so previously (p < 0.001). Additionally, respondents reported the talk corrected at least one misconception they had held about Year 1 summative assessments (n = 90), and allayed anxieties about formative assessments (n = 88) and summative assessments (n = 86). In all, 85 respondents agreed or strongly agreed that it was helpful the speaker was an older student. Free-text comments indicated the major misconceptions cleared concerned the rumoured existence of a quota for the number of students able to pass, and the erroneous suggestions that IBSc selection tutors have access to student data and that certain course elements were 'unexaminable' or not examined. A faculty-approved, near-peer lecture is valued and effective in allaying Year 1 students' fears regarding assessments. It ensures that students have equal access to reliable information in a manner that is not reliant on peer networks. Harnessing near peers such as the student president has several advantages. Firstly, their proximity to the student body allows the talk to be tailored to the cohort's needs and to be framed in a studentcentred fashion. Near peers are more approachable than faculty members, although their proximity to faculty staff adds to their credibility. Finally, the near peer's anecdotal contributions give a perspective on how one student successfully navigated a challenging year. It is also important to note that the timing of giving information is key. There is evidence that misconceptions around summative assessments continue to arise even in the later years. The next step would be to implement similar, quality-controlled talks for other year groups. Medical schools should consider using near peers to help allay anxieties about assessments and to provide advice on studying.


Objective To explore the association between psychological reaction and road traffic accidents(RTA) among middle school students,and to seek out some new clues for prevention and control on RTAs for this population.Methods Cases consisted of 116 students who had encounted RTA from 2005-01-01 to 2005-12-31.Controls were 116 students from the same class of the cases and matched by age and gender.Basic information,psychological reaction ability including speed anticipation,discrimination reaction and action judgment of these children were collected,measured and analyzed.Results The average time of speed anticipation was significantly longer and its qualified rate was significantly lower in the cases than in their compared controls.The mean total number of improper operation was significantly more in the cases than in the controls in action judgment detection,while no significant differences were found in qualified rate and in discrimination reaction measurement.Univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that speed anticipation(underestimating speed) was a main risk factor for RTAs.Conclusion Poor ability in speed anticipation leads to RTAs in middle school students to a certain extent.


Instances of synthetic polymers obtained from renewable feedstock with the possibility of post‐synthesis functionalization are scarce. Herein, the first ever synthesis and drug delivery application of amphiphilic block copolymer (mPEG‐b‐PJL) derived from renewable jasmine lactone with free allyl groups on the backbone is presented. The polymer is synthesized via facile ring‐opening polymerization and subsequently, UV mediated thiol‐ene click chemistry is utilized for post‐functionalization. The introduction of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine functionality to mPEG‐b‐PJL polymer is successfully established. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, doxorubicin (DOX) is conjugated on hydroxyl‐terminated polymer (mPEG‐b‐PJL‐OH) via redox responsive disulfide linkage to obtain PJL‐DOX. PJL‐DOX is readily self‐assembled into micelles with an average hydrodynamic size of ≈150 nm and demonstrates reduction‐responsive DOX release. Micelles are evaluated in vitro for cytocompatibility and selective drug release in cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) using 10 mm glutathione as a reducing agent. Cytotoxicity and microscopy results confirm a redox‐triggered release of DOX, which is further confirmed by flow cytometry. The introduction of these novel functional polymers can pave the way forward in designing polymer‐drug conjugate‐based smart nano‐carriers.


A description is given of a universal laser spectroanalytic system which can be used to carry out separately or simultaneously several nonlinear spectroscopic investigations by methods including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy (PARS), etc. An automated system for data acquisition and spectrometer control is based on an IVK-2 measuring-computing unit. The results are reported of experiments carried out using the system: these revealed new physical effects, such as two-photon Raman saturation of vibrational-rotational transitions in molecules and a two-photon Raman optoacoustic effect. It is shown that the system can be used to study nonlinear optical susceptibilities of a dense plasma (formed by optical breakdown of neutral gases) and of polyatomic molecules with strongly excited vibrational levels.


! saw a 42-year-old white woman in December 1983 with pruritic, erythematous lesions of 2 weeks' duration. Past history showed that tor the past 4 months she had been taking suldinac 300 mg/day periodically because of dysmenorrhea. A similar eruption had appeared twice during the last 2 months following administration of the drug. Examination showed sharply demarcated, dusky red, circular plaques, 2-4 cm in diameter on the upper lip and anterior aspect of the right forearm. The right lateral border of ihe tongue showed intensive erythema and superficial erosion, She,also complained of sensation of heat and burning in the Iesi5ns.


ABSTRACT Research on female orphans rarely explores their comprehensive HIV knowledge, which is a proximate factor for HIV vulnerability. Access to information generally is associated with higher HIV knowledge. Although emerging, but still limited, is research that accounts for broader community-level factors, such as the spatial distribution of HIV prevalence and orphanhood. This study explores if there is a relationship between individual orphanhood status and access to information and HIV knowledge among females aged 15–17 years in Malawi using 2015/6 Demographic and Health Survey data. The study also investigates whether there are orphan/non-orphan differences in HIV knowledge with increasing community-level HIV prevalence. Logistic regression analyses indicate that being an orphan is significantly associated with having less access to information through school and mass media (OR: 0.6, p < 0.05), whereas higher community orphanhood prevalence is associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge (OR: 1.1, p < 0.05). The analyses revealed a small disadvantage among orphans in terms of their comprehensive HIV knowledge in areas with higher HIV prevalence. School attendance and age-appropriate progression are positively associated with HIV knowledge. To improve current levels of HIV knowledge (40%), strategies that focus on increasing access to school, particularly among orphans, are needed.


This article draws on 3 ethnographic and participant observation studies of African American parents and adults from 3 northern California communities. Although studies have shown that African American parents hold the same folk theories about mathematics as other parents, stressing it as an important school subject, few studies have sought to directly examine their beliefs about constraints and opportunities associated with mathematics learning for both themselves and their children. I argue that, as they situate the struggle for mathematical literacy within the larger contexts of African American, political, socioeconomic, and educational struggle, these parents help reveal that mathematics learning and participation can be conceptualized as racialized forms of experience. As they attempt to become doers of mathematics and advocates for their children's mathematics learning, discriminatory experiences have continued to subjugate some of these parents, whereas others—as demonstrated in their oppositional voices and behaviors—resisted their continued subjugation based on a belief that mathematics knowledge, beyond its role in schools, can be used to change the conditions of their lives. The characterization of mathematics learning as racialized experience put forth in this article contrasts with culture-free and situated perspectives of mathematics learning often found in the literature. As a result of their experiences with oppression in this society, the concept of race has historically played a major role in the lives of African Americans. Although race has dubious value as a scientific classification system, it has had real consequences for the life experiences and life opportunities of African Americans in the United States. Race is a socially constructed concept which is [a] defining characteristic for African American group membership. (Sellers, Smith, Shelton, Rowley, & Chavous, 1998, p. 18)


N,N′-di-p-tolyl-O-benzyl pseudourea ether has been shown to form, in the presence of acids, a mixture of the corresponding benzyl ester and unchanged acid, di-p-tolyl urea and an isomer of the urea ether which is concluded to be N-(2-benzyl-p-tolyl)-N′-p-tolyl urea. The transient coloration (to orange red) of the reaction mixture affords strong evidence for the intermediate formation of benzyl cations. The fission of N,N′-di-p-tolyl-O-allyl pseudourea ether follows an analogous course.


Patient education is considered an important component of primary care medicine. The traditional methods of patient education have been physician-patient dialogue and printed handouts. This study compares the relative efficacy of pamphlets, one-to-one dialogue, and audiovisual presentations. The results indicate that the slide and sound presentation was most effective in conveying patient information.


The ability to recognize students' weakness and solving any problem may confront them in timely fashion is always a target of all educational institutions. This study was designed to explore how can predictive and statistical analysis support the academic advisor's work mainly in analysis students' progress. The sample consisted of a total of 249 undergraduate students; 46% of them were Female and 54% Male. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were conducted to analysis if there was different behaviour in registering courses. Predictive data mining is used for support advisor in decision making. Several classification techniques with 10-fold Cross-validation were applied. Among of them, C4.5 constitutes the best agreement among the finding results.


As urbanization increases rapidly, there is a need for better understanding of the city and how it functions. Increasing digital data produced by the city's inhabitants holds great potential for doing so. In this work, an analysis of mobile phone call intensity and taxi volume in Lisbon, Portugal was carried out. With one source of data describes how city operates socially over mobile phone network and the other characterizes urban dynamic in traffic network, we discovered the inter-predictability between them. Based on one month of observation, we found that the variation in the amount of mobile phone calls was strongly correlated with the taxi volume of the previous two hours. Hence taxi volume can be used to predict mobile phone call intensity of the next two hours. In addition, we found that the level of inter-predictability varied across different time of the day; taxi was a predictor during PM hours while mobile phone call intensity became a predictor for taxi volume in AM hours. Strong correlations between these two urban signals were observed during active hours of the day and active days of the week.


Sodium N,N′-bis(3-sulfonylpropyl)quinacridone (Na+QPSO3–), tetraphenylphosphonium N,N′-bis(3-sulfonylpropyl)quinacridone (Ph4P+QPSO3–), sodium N,N′-bis(6-sulfonylhexyl)quinacridone (Na+QHSO3–), and tetraphenylphosphonium N,N′-bis(6-sulfonylhexyl)quinacridone (Ph4P+QHSO3–) are employed as solution-processable electron injection layers (EILs) in multilayer polymer light emitting diodes utilizing poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) as the emissive layer. The electron mobilities of these oligoelectrolytes are comparable with conjugated polyelectrolytes, but the synthesis is much simpler. The choice of counterion can be used to tune electron mobilities and optical properties. Increased aggregation in solution positively influences device performance, yielding devices that outperform those that use a barium cathode with no barrier for electron injection. These oligoelectrolyte EILs were also tested in devices utilizing a blue emissive small molecule. The ease of synthesis of th...


stated. Three quarters of them are divided equally between the USA, Britain and Israel; the remaining 25 per cent are from five other countries. There is broad division into sections on the legal, ethical and cultural/religious aspects of nursing and within each of these the impression is gained that authors have chosen their topics themselves rather than editorially being forced into a preconceived structure. All this makes for a somewhat shotgun approach and wide variation in the length, structure, content and style of individual contributions: titles such as 'Father-daughter incestwho owns the child?' (USA) and 'A simulation game: a tool for teaching ethical decision making to student nurses in Israel' suggest the flavour of such a melange. No coherent thread or pattern emerges from this, which can only be expected with such a variety of approaches and origins, and diversity of national systems. The problems are common to all, and in our present state of evolution to identify and state them is an achievement; few are anywhere near to solution. In the contributions from the USA the close intermingling of ethical and legal issues is inevitable in a nation and system where virtually any decision can, and at some time will, be referred to the courts. Some of the Israeli contributors base their papers on formal Jewish theology; but no such foundation of organized religion is present in the non-Jewish sections. In general, the varied approaches resemble kittens attacking a tangle of string: a poke here, a tug there from all approaches and angles. Many of these assaults on the problems take origin from lofty planes of principle, which is as it must be, when we are still in the stage of defining problems and approaches. But there is not much here for those in the front-line trenches and at the sharp end of decisionmaking, in the office, surgery, ward and intensive care unit. This loose compendium of varied approaches will help people with the responsibility of devising methods and formulating attacks upon problems, to the teaching of ethics, the setting up of ethics committees (though these are nowhere mentioned), the very recognition that there is an ethical element to problems and decisions. Legal systems are so varied, and nursing responsibilities under the common law jurisdictions so ill defined, that the approach to law is a broad and philosophical one, apart from the USA, and one outstanding British contribution. The subject index is minimal and the nationality of each contributor is not stated as a part of the section title, necessitating recourse to textual evidence or the contributors' index for this essential information. H. E. EMSON Book Reviews 251


The invention relates to a method for controlling the use of digital contents. According to the invention, the above is achieved whereby any use of digital content is protected by an initial verification before any access of two types of access, the authorisation of the user himself and the authorisation associated with the digital content. The authorisations are stored on a security module provided for authorised users and controlled by the user security module. At least a private section of a digital content is stored in the security module and transmitted to the terminal after authorisation. The above finds application in the field of electronic commerce essentially concerning the management of digital authorisation for use of digital contents.


Several authors have reflected upon access to health services considering several dimensions, such as availability and accessibility. Due to the aging of societies, the older population's demands for healthcare increase, and accessibility to these units acquires special importance. Our study aims to characterize the access of older people to healthcare services, facing the possibilities arising from service supply and demand patters. From the supply and demand confrontation, comes the possibility of identifying intraregional dynamics and associating them with the various socioeconomic conditions of older people, family background, modes of transportation, and type of service. This approach considers two methodological phases: calculating the potential for primary healthcare coverage, considering physical accessibility for pedestrian and highway modes; and confronting these values with services demand, determined from surveys conducted with residents. We concluded that, although healthcare centers were designed as a proximity service, service provision, socioeconomic aspects, and the urbanization model entail meaningful inequalities of access in the context of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.


Higher inductive types (HITs) in homotopy type theory are a powerful generalization of inductive types. Not only can they have ordinary constructors to define elements, but also higher constructors to define equalities (paths). We say that a HIT H is non-recursive if its constructors do not quantify over elements or paths in H . The advantage of non-recursive HITs is that their elimination principles are easier to apply than those of general HITs. It is an open question which classes of HITs can be encoded as non-recursive HITs. One result of this paper is the construction of the propositional truncation via a sequence of approximations, yielding a representation as a non-recursive HIT. Compared to a related construction by van Doorn, ours has the advantage that the connectedness level increases in each step, yielding sim-plified elimination principles into n -types. As the elimination principle of our sequence has strictly lower requirements, we can then prove a similar result for van Doorn's construction. We further derive general elimination principles of higher truncations (say, k - truncations) into n -types, generalizing a previous result by Capri-otti et al. which considered the case n ≡ k + 1 .


Question In outpatients with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia, do nurse-managed protocols improve outcomes? Review scope Included studies compared nurse-managed, written protocols for managing chronic conditions with usual care or another quality improvement intervention in outpatients 18 years of age who had 1 of diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Protocols were managed by registered or licensed practical nurses and included work beyond nurses' usual scope of practice, including adjustment of drugs. Outcomes were evaluated at 3 months and included hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Review methods MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1980 to Jan 2014), and reference lists were searched for English-language, peer-reviewed randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and other controlled studies. 18 studies (n =23004, median age 58 y across 16 studies, 47% women, follow-up 6 to 36 mo) met the inclusion criteria: 16 were RCTs, and 2 were controlled before-and-after studies. 15 studies were done in patients with diabetes, with or without hypertension or hyperlipidemia, 2 were done in patients with hyperlipidemia, and 1 was done in patients with hypertension. Most protocols were multifaceted: All 18 RCTs included medication titration protocols, and 11 of these studies allowed initiation of new medications, 16 included education, 9 self-management plans, and 3 behavioral strategies. 17 studies compared nurse-managed protocols with usual care, and 1 with another intervention. 4 studies had low risk for bias, 12 had moderate risk, and 2 had high risk. Main results Meta-analysis showed that nurse-managed protocols improved hemoglobin A1c levels and blood pressure compared with usual care or other treatments; groups did not differ for total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (Table). Nurse-managed protocols increased the proportion of patients meeting total cholesterol targets compared with usual care or other treatments; groups did not differ for proportion meeting blood pressure targets (Table). Conclusion In adult outpatients, nurse-managed protocols improve hemoglobin A1c levels and some measures of blood pressure and cholesterol. Nurse-managed protocols vs usual care or other treatment (control) in adult outpatients with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia* Outcomes Number of trials (n) At 6 to 36 mo Weighted mean difference (95% CI) HbA1c level 8 (2633) 0.40% (0.70 to 0.10) SBP, mm Hg 12 (10224) 3.7 (6.3 to 1.1) DBP, mm Hg 12 (10224) 1.6 (2.8 to 0.36) Total cholesterol, mg/dL 9 (3494) 9.4 (21 to 2.0) LDL-C, mg/dL 6 (1119) 12 (28 to 4.1) Weighted event rates RBI (CI) NNT (CI) Nurse-managed protocol Control Met target blood pressure 10 (9707) 48% 39% 21% (1 to 44) Not significant Met target total cholesterol level 11 (9221) 61% 51% 21% (1 to 39) 10 (6 to 203) *DBP = diastolic blood pressure; Hb = hemoglobin; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP = systolic blood pressure; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Meta-analyses included only randomized controlled trials and were done using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity: I2 =70% for HbA1c levels to 91% for total cholesterol levels. Negative values favor nurse-managed protocols. Target levels varied across trials. Commentary In the meta-analysis by Shaw and colleagues, nurse-managed protocols improved diabetes and hypertension outcomes for patients. The evidence base included data from 18 clinical trials and >20000 patients. One limitation was that most of the trials had moderate or high risk for bias, including inadequate randomization and potential for contamination from concurrent interventions. However, the most important aspect of the review is that this question was even in doubt. In a major academic medical center, whenever we want to improve clinical quality, the conversation quickly migrates to a new role for nurses as a key component of any intervention. More broadly, as we face a potential shortage of primary care physicians, the ability to use both nurses and physicians to the top of their license offers an opportunity to achieve our triple aim of cost reductions, quality improvement, and increased access (1). Interventions included in the review by Shaw and colleagues focused on the use of nurse-managed protocols in nurse-led clinics or by specialty-trained nurses or nurse care managers for management of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Most studies were done in academic centers or hospital-based clinics or were embedded in primary care practices. However, with the emergence of retail medicine, the opportunity for novel delivery schemes leveraging the increasingly common nurse practitioner retail clinics for advanced primary care services may be attractive. From an economic perspective, these models can have lower provider and overhead costs than traditional primary care practices. Retail clinics allow access and convenience but have yet to be organized into systems of care or focus specifically on the management of chronic illness. However, this transformation seems to be the logical next step in the evolution of these models. Nurse-managed protocols seem to be a promising option for devolving care from primary care physicians. However, a critical weakness of any of these concepts is the need to share data between providers and between sites of care, especially between retail clinical sites and primary care or specialty practices. This gap remains to be addressed.


Abstract : This study examines the current Army, Air Force, and joint doctrines' impact on the Army's aim of simultaneous attack of an enemy in depth. The research shows that no joint planning or execution occurs between the Land and Air Component Commanders. This results in the development and execution of separate land and air operations without achieving the desired effects of synchronized operations and inhibits the Army from attacking enemy forces simultaneously throughout their depth. Analysis of the current doctrine included an examination of US air and land synchronization doctrine used in World War II. This examination identifies the functions executed by the land and air components in World War II that led to successful operational level land and air force synchronization. Using the determined criteria, this study evaluates the current joint doctrine's ability to synchronize land and air component operations and achieve the Army's goal of simultaneously attacking enemy forces throughout their depth. The current doctrine contains a major weakness. It requires the land component commander to synchronize all effects of weapon systems within his assigned AO without providing the tools necessary to effect that synchronization. Specifically, the land component commander is able only to nominate for attack, air interdiction targets within his AO to the air component commander. Effective synchronization within the land component commander's AO demands that he have the authority to determine the timing, priority, and effects of air delivered interdiction.


This article describes the importance of mentor relationships in the training of musicians. Using in-depth interviews with professional musicians, the study describes the construction and meaning of mentorships in the training of musicians and shows mentorship to be meaningful for both the mentor and the protégé. It identifies key functions relating to both the psychosocial and career development of the protégé. Results highlight the need for music teachers and music administrators to be more aware of the developmental importance of the mentor relationships in their teaching.


This thesis presents a study on the issue of Automobile Insurance Fraud. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge concerning fraudulent claims in the Portuguese market, while raising awareness to the use of Data Mining techniques towards this, and other similar problems. We conduct an application of data mining techniques to the problem of predicting automobile insurance fraud, shown to be of interest to insurance companies around the world. We present fraud definitions and conduct an overview of existing literature on the subject. Live policy and claim data from the Portuguese insurance market in 2005 is used to train a Logit Regression Model and a CHAID Classification and Regression Tree. The use of Data Mining tools and techniques enabled the identification of underlying fraud patterns, specific to the raw data used to build the models. The list of potential fraud indicators includes variables such as the policy's tenure, the number of policy holders, not admitting fault in the accident or fractioning premium payments semiannually. Other variables such as the number of days between the accident and the patient filing the claim, the client's age, and the geographical location of the accident were also found to be relevant in specific sub-populations of the used dataset. Model variables and coefficients are interpreted comparatively and key performance results are presented, including PCC, sensitivity, specificity and AUROC. Both the Logit Model and the CHAID C&R Tree achieve fair results in predicting automobile insurance fraud in the used dataset. 3 Acknowledgements Gostaria de agradecer particularmente ao Professor Doutor José Filipe Rafael, pela preciosa orientação disponibilizada ao longo da elaboração desta tese. Agradeço ainda à minha família e amigos por todo o apoio que prestaram. Muito obrigado.


The present invention is arranged wherein a crystallization method for crystallizing alpha antibody -hTNF to enable wherein -hTNF alpha antibody production in an industrial scale; Antibody crystals obtained by the above method; It relates to a composition and method of use of said crystals and compositions containing such crystals.


Natural fibre composites today are replacing synthetic fibre composites due to superior properties of natural fibres such as low density, high specific strength and modulus, relative no abrasiveness, ease of fibre surface modification, and wide availability .Drilling is often required to facilitate the assembly of the parts to get the final product. however, drilling composite materials present a number of problems such as delamination associated with the characteristics of the material and with the used cutting parameters .The present investigation is an attempt to study the factors and combination of factors that influence the delamination of drilled unidirectional jute fibre reinforced composites using taguchi, signal to noise ratio, Anova analysis and to achieve the conditions for minimum delamination.


Fourteen assays for algal N·P demand were conducted in nutrient enrichment bioassay(NEB) using freshwater algae of the Naktong River. P and N+P enrichment stimulated algal biomass(chlorophyll-a) by 1.9 fold and growth rate (㎛) by 1.7 fold, however, NH_4, and NO_3 enrichment had an insignificant effect in comparison with control samples. NH_4 and PO_4 concentration in the media exponentially decreased with the algal growth, on the other side, NO_3 concentration didn`t show any significant decrease on the contrary of the algal exponential growth. Phosphorus was found to be the predominant limiting nutrient to phytoplankton growth. NEB clearly showed primary phosphorus limitation except HWA station (near the mouth of Kumho River Tributary). The Naktong river has been fertilized and highly eutrophicated with nutrient discharge from the Kumho River Tributary. Such nutrient fertility sharply decreased toward the lower part of the river due to the biological uptake. NH_4 was predominantly utilized as the nitrogen source for phytoplankton growth. We concluded that P is the primary limiting nutrient because the Naktong River has the excessive loading and large supplies of ammonia which can be utilized for phytoplankton growth when the water is enriched with P. Considered the N ·P decrease in the culture media as the biological uptake, algal uptakes (㎍ N or P/㎍ chl-a/day) represented 1.1∼8.0㎍ NH_4-N and 0.10∼0.34㎍ PO_4-P respectively. Furthermore, NH_4 ·PO_4 uptake by heterotrophic bacteria were estimated to be 13∼42% and 7∼13% of total uptakes. Bacteria would make profound effects on NH_4 variation in the Naktong River.


A new extracellular harpin protein PopW was identified from Ralstonia solanacearum ZJ3721. The expression of recombinant protein PopW could be induced by IPTG, and 0.01 mmol/L was demonstrated to be an optimal concentration for its peak expression. There were significantly less diseased lesions in tobacco leaves treated with PopW followed by the inoculation of TMV than that of control plants, and this induced resistance could last more than eight days with 2.5 mg/L PopW. Moreover, the expression of PR-1a was significantly higher in tobacco leaves treated with PopW than that of control leaves. PopW was also demonstrated to control tomato leaf mold and rice false smut in field with efficiency of 80.19% and 86.84%, respectively. When treated with 2.5 mg/L PopW, pepper planted in field obtained a good yield with an increase of 16.89% compared with the control.


We investigate the strategic effects of volume-threshold based all-units discounts (AUDs) used by a dominant firm in the presence of a capacity-constrained rival. As compared to linear pricing, AUDs adopted by a dominant firm are shown to lead to "partial foreclosure" of an equally or more efficient rival, in the sense that the rival's profits, sales volume, and market share are strictly reduced. When the rival's capacity level is in the range of low values relative to the demand size, AUDs reduce the buyer's surplus and increase total surplus. When the rival becomes more efficient, AUDs may reduce total surplus. The intuition for our findings is that, due to the limited capacity of the rival, the dominant firm that has a "captive" portion of the buyer's demand for a single product is able to use the AUD to leverage its market power from the "captive" portion to the "competitive" portion of the demand, much like the tied-in selling strategy in the context of multiple products. Our analysis applies to other similar settings, in which the dominant firm has some captive market when it offers "must-carry" brands or a wider range of products. Keyword: all-units discounts, captive demand, partial foreclosure JEL code: L13, L42


Presents a new approach for formulating the state space equations associated with electrical systems containing circuits which are coupled only magnetically. Presents an algorithm which automatically determines the state space matrix of a system which can take any topological form. Describes a new way of representing semiconductor devices which gives increased flexibility in system representation, and reduces computation time, together with a technique for satisfactorily accounting for the discontinuous behaviour of semiconductor devices. Illustrates the application of the proposed technique by means of a relatively simple example for which an analytical solution is possible. Compares illustrative test results obtained from more complex circuits with those from simulation to demonstrate further the validity of the method.


Soil moisture is an important component of the hydrologic cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and it is critical for predicting and understanding various hydrological processes, including changes in weather conditions, precipitation patterns, runoff generation and irrigation scheduling. Soil moisture is a function of the total effect of environmental factors. The 838 中国生态农业学报 2016 第 24卷 http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn Mongolia Plateau is an ideal area for studying the interaction between soil moisture and environmental factors, because of its arid and semi-arid location and its high ecological fragility and sensitivity to global climate change. Therefore, it was necessary to study the response of soil moisture to environmental factors, which was favorable to monitor and predict droughts, adjust agricultural production structures and improve regional eco-environment in the Mongolia Plateau. A soil moisture retrieval model for the Mongolia Plateau was built using microwave radiance transfer function and Qp model based on AMSR-2 brightness temperature and SPOT normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Soil moisture was retrieved, and the retrieval precision was verified during vegetation growth period from April to October 2013 in the Mongolia Plateau. Combination with TRMM 3B43 precipitation and air temperature data acquired by meteorological stations, the study explored response characteristics between soil moisture, meteorological factors and vegetation. The results showed that 1) the coefficient of determination (r) between retrieved and ground-based soil moisture was 0.680 6, with a root-mean square error (RMSE) of 0.031 6 cm·cm. The retrieval result was much better than soil moisture product data of JAXA (RMSE = 0.044 1 cm·cm). 2) The developed model had a high accuracy and was applicable in surface soil moisture estimation. The regression coefficient of the linear fit of the TRMM 3B43 precipitation measure (rainfall) was 0.859 8 and with a slope line of 0.941 5, which suggested that TRMM 3B43 data were applicable in the Mongolia Plateau. 3) Total precipitation, mean NDVI and soil moisture during the growing season decreased gradually from north to south and from northeast to southwest. In the arid region of the study area, soil moisture was significantly and positively correlated with temperature, followed by precipitation and vegetation. In the semi-arid region of the study area, vegetation was the key factor driving soil moisture, and the effects of temperature and precipitation on soil moisture showed seasonal variations. The response of soil moisture to the three factors was in the order of vegetation > precipitation > temperature in the semi-humid region of the study area. In conclusion, the response of soil moisture to both environmental factors and vegetation could provide scientific basis for constructing healthy regional eco-environments with reducing disasters risk.


Large-scale, direct view TV screens, in particular those based on liquid crystal technology, are beginning to use structures with more than three subpixels to further reduce the visibility of defective subpixels, increase spatial resolution, and perhaps even implement a multi-primary display with up to six different primaries. This newly available "subpixel" resolution enables us to improve color edge contrast thereby allowing for shorter viewing distances through a reduction of perceived blur. However, not only noise, but also amplitude quantization can lead to undesirable, additional visual artifacts along contours. Using our recently introduced method of contour phase synthesis in combination with non-linear, color channel processing, we propose a simple method that maximizes color edge contrast while maintaining or suppressing visual artifacts as well as noise below the threshold of visual perception. To demonstrate the advantages of our method, we compare it with some classical contrast enhancement techniques such as cubic spline interpolation and color transient improvement.


The justice of revenue distribution is the target of social justice and the essential requirement of socialism.In order to realize the equal distribution of revenue,Chinese government has carried a lot of relative politics with some good results.But the situation of equal distribution of revenue in China is not positive now.The improvement for these situation is based on a variety of ways such as developing the social productive forces,regulating distributive system,decreasing the discriminations between the city and the countryside,planning as a whole for the harmonious region development,intensifying industrial management,intensifying the function of redistribution and controlling the illegal income.


With the trend of ever increasing data, applications and networks, there is a need for autonomous control by the network. In this thesis, we look at workflow topologies which process data and how these topologies can be dynamically monitored and adapted by a control loop. This control loop can be used to monitor for and respond to security incidents, thereby implementing a security autonomous response network. This thesis presents a solution of estimating the observables of workflow topologies and comparing them to the actual topology, as an implementation of the control loop. To test the estimations, a simulator was developed as a proof of concept. This proof of concept shows good results for the estimations once the topology has become a free-flow network. However, more testing should be done to show that these estimations perform equally well on a physical network.


Six castings manufactured by the Millspaugh centrifugal process were examined as to their physical and chemical properties, including hardness, tensile strength, impact resistance, density, internal stress, segregation, soundness, and microstructure , both in the condition as cast and after various heat treatments. This investigation shows the possibilities of substituting heat treatment for forging in this type of casting.


A family of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are formulated and applied to chemical engineering problems. They are the four primal discontinuous Galerkin schemes for space discretization: symmetric interior penalty Galerkin, Oden-Babuška-Baumann DG formulation, nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin, and incomplete interior penalty Galerkin. Numerical examples of DG to solve typical chemical engineering problems, including a diffusion-convection-reaction system in a catalytic particle, a problem of heat transfer in a fixed bed, and flow and contaminant transport simulations in porous media, are presented. This article highlights the substantial advantages of DG on adaptive mesh modification over traditional methods. In particular, we propose and investigate the dynamic mesh modification strategy for DG guided by mathematically sound a posteriori error estimators.


The real estate register embodies the principle of the property right announcement,and the validity of contract is the question of the contract law.Both are strictly different and at the same time are closely connected.The alternation of the property right is the issue of announcement of property right,and it does not decide the velidity of the contract of the real estate.The validity of the contract should be an approval or register which adopt register effectiveism and register antagonism according to the law and administrative rule.


High quality e-learning resources are expensive to produce. The "learning object" is an emerged instructional technology to promote the reusability of high quality learning resources. This paper presents an exploratory study of the learning objects designed to support computer science teaching and learning. The aim of the exploratory study is to get insight into the characteristics of computer science learning objects and to study different factors related to them. These factors include growth over time, user ratings, and personal collections. The learning objects were retrieved from The Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT), a leading learning object repository which contains many learning objects under different disciplines. The study concludes by giving recommendations on improving the quality of computer science learning objects.


Late Carboniferous stages in terrestrial strata are consistently recognizable throughout the Euramerican Realm based on the ranges of plant macrofossils rather than named biozones. Uniformitarianism is an invaluable principle used to understand much of Earth's history. However, it has been recognized that relatively short time intervals exist when major changes occurred in the biota and sedimentation style at a non-uniformitarian time scale. Many well defined Late Carboniferous stage boundaries are located at such events. The Cantabrian Stage was proposed in 1969 based on the assumption that the "Florensprung" ("floral jump") of Gothan, a dramatic change in terrestrial floras at the traditional Westphalian-Stephanian boundary, indicated that strata were missing, and the postulated "gap" had to be closed by finding strata representing this "missing" time elsewhere. The suggestion of a "gap" or hiatus at this level reflects uniformitarian thinking, but is incorrect. As recent work has shown, a drastic climate change reached a threshold in the tropical paleoequatorial parts of Pangea at the Westphalian-Stephanian (approximately the Moscovian-Kasimovian) boundary as a consequence of this drying trend, floras changed rapidly, and the traditional Westphalian-Stephanian boundary is one of the most easily recognizable biostratigraphic boundaries in Pennsylvanian terrestrial beds. The Cantabrian Stage, proposed to fill the non-existent gap, does not exist and cannot be recognized, either in its type area or elsewhere.


[Abstract] (cid:542) Objective (cid:542) To investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia on the adipose factor and the expressions of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) and leptin in rat liver. Methods (cid:542) Twenty-four mature SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (UC), chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH) and reoxygenation group (RH). The arterial blood gas analysis was performed after the establishment of rat model. The serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) in each group were detected by peroxidase method; the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and leptin were detected by ELISA. The expressions of mRNA and protein of GLUT-2, IRS-2 and leptin were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results (cid:542) The serous concentrations of FBG, FINS, FFA and leptin were significantly higher in CIH group than in UC group ( P < 0.05), and were dramatically higher in RH group than in both CIH group ( P =0.003) and UC group ( P =0.000). Western blotting and qRT-PCR detection showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of GLUT-2 and IRS-2 were significantly lower in CIH group than in RH group of rat liver ( P <0.05), while were markedly lower in RH group than in UC group ( P <0.05); the expressions of leptin protein and mRNA were significantly higher in CIH group than in RH group ( P <0.05), while were obviously higher in RH group than in UC group of rat liver ( P <0.05). Conclusion (cid:542) Insulin resistance induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia may be associated with the elevation of serum FFA and leptin, and be related to the decreased expression of GLUT-2 and IRS-2 and increased expression of leptin in liver. [Key


The α3β4 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) is present in limited but specific areas of the brain unlike the widely distributed α4β2 nAChR subtype, known to be involved in the addictive effects of nicotine. Recently, the α3β4 nAChR subtype has been linked to addiction to nicotine as well as other drugs of abuse. However, there have been no subtype-selective α3β4 nAChR ligands available to study the role of this receptor in drug addiction. Our laboratory has discovered a series of very high affinity and highly selective ligands for the α3β4 nAChR subtype. We now report the synthesis of a radiolabeled 125I analog of N-(2-iodophenyl)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine (AT-1012), a subnanomolar affinity, highly selective α3β4 nAChR ligand from this series. This analog, [125I] AT-1012, was synthesized by a facile radio-iodination of a tributylstannylated precursor, which gave the radiolabeled compound with high specific activity and radiochemical purity. This high-affinity radioactive α3β4 nAChR antagonist is very useful as a pharmacological tool in autoradiography studies, to elucidate the localization of the α3β4 nAChR in the brain and study its pharmacology in the brain reward circuit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction: Introduction of semisolid food in an infant who is on liquid diet is known as complementary feeding. When breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of the infant, complementary feeding should be started. Methods: 500 mothers with children 6-24 months of age attending OPD in Mc Gann were interviewed. Data was collected using a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire with the mothers regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices of complementary feeding Results: Knowledge, attitude and practices were assessed in 500 mothers. The mean age of complementary feeding was 8.24 ± 2.79 months. Only few had correct information from health personnel. 23% of mothers started complementary feeding at 6 months of age. 21.6% of mothers used commercial foods. Male child, illiterate mothers, low socio-economic group and rural mothers tend to wean late (p<0.001). Parity, had no influence on complementary feeding age (p>0.05). 34.1%, 34.5% and 23.8% of children were under weight, stunted and wasted respectively. There was significant association between delayed complementary feeding and malnutrition of the child. Conclusion: There is lack of knowledge in mothers regarding complementary feeding, there has to be proper recommendation about timing of complementary feeding. Mean age of complementary feeding was delayed due to improper information, false beliefs and attitudes, illiteracy, low socio-economic status and rural mothers, thus leading to malnutrition of the child. Hence, mothers should be educated properly regarding complementary feeding, foods, preparation and practice to prevent malnutrition and improve the health status of the children.


This paper describes an attempt to identify additionality in the projects carried out in the European Union's 5th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP5) in the context of the recent five-year assessment of FP5. It briefly discusses the various meanings of the concept of additionality and the results of a survey among the participants in FP5. Main findings indicated substantial input and behavioural additionality for a majority of participants. On the other hand, the portfolio of projects included a large number of projects with low risk and of a comparably small size. Design of future FPs should take this into account. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


In this paper, solution operator discretization methods with linear multistep and implicit Runge–Kutta (SOD-LMS/IRK) are presented for efficient eigen-analysis of large delayed cyber-physical power system (DCPPS). First, the time integration-based discretization generates highly structured approximate matrices to the solution operator. Exploitation of the structure ensures low computational burden and high efficiency in solving the matrix-inversion-vector product involved in eigenvalue computation. Second, the implicitly restarted Arnoldi algorithm is employed to compute critical eigenvalue from the solution operator's discretized matrices. SOD-LMS/IRK are endowed with scalability in analyzing very large DCPPS by fully utilizing the inherent sparsity in the augmented system state matrices. The main contribution of the presented SOD-LMS/IRK is the improved efficiency and scalability of existing SOD-PS (pseudo-spectral collocation) and SOD-LMS/IRK. Numerical results on the 16-generator 68-bus test system, a 516-bus, and a 33028-bus real-life large transmission systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed SOD-LMS/IRK.


Smart grid systems have been established as an economic and efficient opportunity to avoid or delay the cost intensive grid enhancement in order to cope with the transformation process in electrical distribution networks. This paper presents the conceptual results of an automation system for medium voltage grids with the ability of coordinated operation across the voltage levels in a distribution grid. Aspects of the algorithmic solution that is currently in an intensive field testing phase are depicted.


The public health belongs to exact public para-product with stronger positive external effect and with typical non-exclusion and should be mainly provided by governments.In China,public health is mainly provided by local governments,however,because there are many problems in current financial system of China,the unfair public health expenditure between different areas and between urban and rural areas exists.According to the problems in current local public health expenditure,this paper holds that the corresponding public health expenditure system should be constructed under public finance,which is of great significance to improving the imbalance situation of public health expenditure at different places,to promoting economic development,to improving healthy level of the masses and to constructing socialism harmonious society.


The aim of this research was to asses the effect of application biofilter aquaponic pond on the blood of profile, histology of heart, and survival rate. Two treatments used systems without and with applied biofiltration aquaponic pond. African Catfish used with length of 7-9 cm in size were reared on the pond of (2x1x1) m 2 with a density 200 fish/m2. During the rearing of fish fed with pellets by the method of ad satiation, twice a day at noon and at night. Rearing the fish was done until size of consumption and carried out measurements of water quality conditions of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen during once 2 weeks and ammonia total, nitrit, nitrat at first, middle and end of research. At the end of the rearing, blood profile consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, different leukocytes (granulocytes, limfocytes,and monocytes), SGOT, SGPT, blood bilirubin, and blood glucose. And then histologi of heart and survival rate of African catfish. Data were analyzed descriptively and T test. The results showed changes in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, each for (0.99±0.36) to (1.74±0.71) million cells / ul, ( 3.73±1.33) gr/dl to (6.17±2.85) gr/dl,and (12.56±4.07) % to (22.51±10.40) %, leukocyte count from (15.35± 6.86) thousand cells / ul to (42.8±31.62) thousand cells / ul., SGOT (62.67±9.71) to (53.67±18.6) U/L, and platelets, granulocytes,monocytes,limfocytes,SGPT, blood of bilirubin, and blood of glukocuse haven't showed significant of value between two treatments. results from observation of heart tissue catfishes indicated better than with biofilter aquaponic system. Results of survival rate were improvement of (86.08 ±2.40) % to (92.17±1.88)%.


The three books under review are of very different character. H. Henig and A. King have edited a very attractive and well illustrated book of scholarly essays on a variety of religious topics. A common characteristic of the essays is that they assemble references to archaeological finds and modern discussions which have been brought together from a wide range of sources. Students of Roman religion, especially of the religion of Roman Britain, will find it useful. The book of M. L. Freyburger-Galland, G. Freyburger and J. C. Tautil is a work of higher popularisation. It is a synthesis of a wide range of learned works, which help the reader who would go more deeply into the subject with bibliographical footnotes and references to sources. Its subject is sectarian religion in Greece and Rome, that is cults which were not performed as part of the communal religion of the city, but by private religious associations. They include the so-called mystery religions of the Roman Empire about which much has been written. It is however worthwhile to treat even these, not from the point of view of their resemblance to Christianity or their oriental origin, but as examples of the worship of non-civic religious associations, which are a feature of religion as practised in the Graeco-Roman city from early times. It is also a merit of this book that it treats in the same volume sectarian religion in the Roman Republic and Empire and in the pre-Roman Greek world. In this way it brings out continuities and connections which are obscured when the two areas are treated in isolation. One might add that since much of the work on the religious phenomena summarised in this book has been in French or German, there would be scope for a book of this kind written in English.


(From the Indian Medical Gazette, Dec., 1903, Vol. 38 pp. 464-466) The Official Memorandum recently issued bv the India Office "regarding the position of officers to be appointed to His Majesty's Indian Medical Service" has been received with approval in this country. It refers only to the military side of the service, but it has been authoritatively announced that "the subject of the salaries of officers in civil employ is now under the consideration of the Government of India." It is time it were; for the present status is practically that which was established in the early sixties' and circumstances have undergone very


The paper summarized the current situation of the rural science and technology communication and the application of new media.According to the analysis of SWOT for the internal environment of the strength and weakness and the external environment of the opportunity and threat,which will contribute to the application of the new media for rural science and technology communication,the paper proposed the strategic future development of the application of new media in the progress of rural science and technology communication.


Abstract Pronounced seasonal heating of middle and high latitude shelf seas results in large temporal changes in seawater temperature that have the potential to be recorded by benthic foraminifera. Predicted oxygen isotope composition for calcite precipitating in equilibrium conditions with seawater suggest that pronounced 'seasonal isotope effects' may be encountered in the growth history of benthic foraminifera. Such 'seasonal' effects can be difficult to distinguish from so-called 'vital effects', where shell and equilibrium calcite values are offset by a constant difference in oxygen isotope values. Preliminary findings suggest that benthic foraminifera may have more than one phase of growth, for example Ammonia becarii calcifies in spring and late summer, potentially introducing apparent intra-annual and inter-annual temperature variations of >1°C into palaeoclimatic reconstructions when mixed-season populations are sampled. We highlight the need to select species-specific palaeotemperature equations to establish reliable isotopic disequilibria and illustrate the importance of understanding the 'seasonal isotope effect' when considering disequilibrium effects in foraminifera which have grown in seasonally-changing environments.


Objective To observe the pharmacodynamic effect of Compound Qingre Granules(QRKL) on acute drug-resistance bacterial infection in rabbit model.Methods Applying abdominal injection of ATCC700603,we created the acute drug-resistance bacterial infection of rabbit model and divided them into five groups: normal(A),model(B),QRKL+ Cefdinir Capsules(C),Cefdinir Capsules(D) and QRKL(E).We observed and recorded rabbits' vital signs,hemogram,immune function and inflammatory mediators,etc.Patho-samples were obtained after being sacrificed.Results QRKL has the significantly pharmacodynamic effect of treating acute drug-resistance bacterial infection.There are more significant effect through integrating traditional Chinese medicine and antibiotic together.Conclusion QRKL can significantly improve the infected rabbits' general conditions,decrease plasma endotoxin level,and regulate cytokines of the acute drug-resistance bacteria infection,while raises nonspecific immunity so as to control the inflammatory reaction and tissue damage and lower the mortality.