Most hospital pediatricians can recall cases where an abnormal result in one unnecessary test led to a cascade of multiple further unnecessary treatments, procedures, and tests. These cases are well described in the literature and written off as a side effect of delivering high-quality, comprehensive pediatric care.1 Unfortunately, however, these frequent events are not without consequence and can cause significant harm to patients, as well as stress and fear for parents and families, and indirectly waste valuable resources. As we look forward to recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, there are calls to prioritize high-value and more equitable care in the postpandemic world.2 Choosing Wisely is a global movement comprised of clinician-led campaigns that partner with national specialty societies to develop lists of evidence-based recommendations of tests, treatments, and procedures that offer no added clinical value and may cause harm.3 In pediatrics, there is a growing recognition and published literature on the harms of overdiagnosis and unnecessary care in children.4-6 Choosing Wisely recommendations are being used as a resource to drive healthcare prioritization and ensure low-value care is avoided so that greater focus can be placed on areas of need exacerbated by the pandemic. Using a Choosing Wisely perspective can drive quality and help inform a shift in practice, creating a roadmap for reducing testing or treatment cascades that harm patients and waste resources as we move toward the goal of high-value pediatric care. However, adoption of Choosing Wisely recommendations in pediatrics has been slow. For example, the pediatric working group of the Society of Hospital Medicine released a Choosing Wisely® recommendation in 2013 against the use of continuous pulse oximetry monitoring in children with acute respiratory illness who are not on supplementary oxygen.7 Data from a cross-sectional study across 56 hospitals 6 years later found significant variation in this practice for infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis and not receiving supplemental oxygen; 46% were continuously monitored with pulse oximetry (range, 2%-92%).8 WHY HAS CHOOSING WISELY LAGGED IN PEDIATRICS? Traditionally, attention in children's healthcare has focused on underuse (eg, immunizations or mental health) rather than overuse. Further, the weakness of the evidence base, with very few randomized controlled trials in children, limits our ability to provide sufficient confidence in the evidence supporting some of our recommendations.9 Second, there is also tremendous anxiety for both parents and frontline clinicians around diagnostic uncertainty of any kind when it comes to children. We endeavour to reassure ourselves and patients' families by leaving no stone unturned. This approach can lead to unnecessary care, including falsepositive test results, "incidentalomas," and adverse effects from unnecessary medications. Despite the best intentions of assuaging caregivers' anxiety, overuse of invasive and uncomfortable tests can have the opposite effect of increasing stress and trauma for both children and parents. Third, there is compelling evidence that practice habits, once established, are difficult to break.10 Particularly in the high-stakes practice of hospital pediatric medicine, where we are conditioned to expect the worst and anticipate the unexpected. This "do everything to everyone" approach, however, can lead to significant harms for pediatric patients. For example, the exposure to ionizing radiation through unnecessary computed tomography (CT) scans can increase a child's lifetime cancer risk.11 The perpetuation of unnecessary care needs to change in pediatrics, especially for the most vulnerable young patients seeking hospital care. Implementation is a necessary next step to introduce recommendations into practice, and the Choosing Wisely efforts of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, can offer insights into opportunities to embed this approach across similar quaternary care teaching hospitals, as well as general hospitals and the systems they support.


1. Introduction: Textual infidelities, Rachel Carroll (University of Teesside, UK) Part I: Remaking fidelity 2. Heavy bodies, fragile texts: stage adaptation and the problem of presence, Frances Babbage (University of Sheffield, UK) 3. Reflections on the surface: remaking the postmodern with van Sant's Psycho, Catherine Constable (Warwick University, UK) 4. Affecting fidelity: adaptation, fidelity and affect in Todd Haynes's Far From Heaven, Rachel Carroll (University of Teesside, UK) 5. The folding text: Doctor Who, adaptation and fan fiction, Christopher Marlow (University of Lincoln, UK) Part II: After-images 6. 3:10 again: a remade Western and the problem of authenticity, Pete Falconer (Warwick University, UK) 7. Child's play: participation in urban space in Weegee's, Dassin's and Debord's versions of Naked City, Joe Kember (University of Exeter, UK) 8. Charlotte's weblog: media transformation and the intertextual web of children's culture, Cathlena Martin (University of Florida, USA) 9. 'Stop writing or write like a rat': becoming animal in animated literary adaptations, Paul Wells (Loughborough University, UK) Part III: Reproducing the past 10. Historicising the classic novel adaptation: Bleak House (2005) and British television contexts, Iris Kleinecke-Bates (University of Hull, UK) 11. Embodying Englishness: representations of whiteness, class and Empire in The Secret Garden, Karen Wells (Birkbeck College, UK) 12. Taming the velvet: lesbian identity in cultural adaptations of Tipping the Velvet, Heather Emmens (Queen's University, Kingston, Canada) 13. 'Who's the daddy?': the aesthetics and politics of representation in Alfonso Cuaron's adaptation of P.D James's Children of Men, Terryl Bacon and Govinda Dickman (University of the West of England, UK) Part IV: Afterlives 14. Origin and ownership: stage, film and television adaptations of Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca, Rebecca D'Monte (University of the West of England, UK) 15. The post-feminist biopic: re-telling the past in Iris, The Hours and Sylvia, Josephine Dolan, Suzy Gordon and Estella Tincknell (University of the West of England, UK) 16. For the love of Jane: Austen, adaptation and celebrity, Brenda R. Weber (Indiana University, USA) 17. Glamorama, cinematic narrative and contemporary fiction, Ruth Helyer (University of Teesside, UK) Index.


ABSTRACT This article examines some of the challenges of working with trauma. It looks at how more recent understandings of trauma, linked with neurobiology and atttachment theory, have challenged some more traditional ways of working with trauma. The author uses his own learning and mistakes from earlier in his career to think about how we need to change our therapeutic approach to one more appropriate in such cases. In particular, the article emphasizes the dangers of retraumatization and the risks of triggering dissociative states when insufficient attention is paid to the development of a sense of safeness.


Abstract This paper describes the reasoning underlying the design and synthesis of a range of cyanohydrin esters, specifically as high Ps dopants of host SC materials, for use in fast switching ferroelectric displays. Full synthetic details are given for the preparation of optically pure cyanohydrin esters from naturally occurring L-amino-acids; examples derived from (a) a D-amino-acid, (b) lactic acid are also given. Such materials provide excellent dopants which in suitable SC hosts provide mixtures with wide S*C ranges, good Ps values and long pitches, which switch rapidly at room temperature and may be multiplexed at video frame rates.


Abstract : This study provides information on new administrative territorial divisions added in Laos between 1983 and 1985. Maps are included to indicate the adjusted administrative boundaries of the affected provinces.


The Circular Economy is gaining traction in the European Union and all over the world as a transition away from the extractive and exploitative linear economy. In Hawaiʻi, the cultural value of aloha ʻāina is a philosophy describing a set of values grounded in a relationship of kinship between people and the environment. Aloha ʻĀina structured centuries of sustainability and it has evolved over generations to frame community responses to crucial issues today, such as climate change, oligopolistic markets, and contemporary land management. This paper sits at the intersection of cross-disciplinary collaboration, sustainability, and sustainable development. Participative moderate observations and intentional cross-cultural exchanges of knowledge over five years between scholars and experts in the major fields of indigenous Hawaiian knowledge and industrial ecology inspired the concepts explored in this paper, which address the question of how aloha ʻāina and the Circular Economy can engage with each other in the collective effort to combat climate change, guide sustainable development efforts, and transition societies toward sustainability. Extensive literature reviews and insight gained through site visits to sustainability projects inform the discussion of best practices from opposite parts of the globe—Hawaiʻi and Germany—to put into conversation two worldviews and present resulting implications and lessons learned. Essential findings describe the benefits of knowledge exchange between members of global practitioner networks. By shifting expert and participant roles according to which projects are being observed, cross-cultural characteristics can be explored at a deeper level, which allow participants to employ best practices to their respective theories. The Circular Economy's engagement with indigenous knowledge systems is an opportunity to ally and produce solutions to the challenges associated with changing the linear economy while addressing both environmental and social justice issues.


This work addresses the problem of predicting the subjective intelligibility of reverberant speech. Using new subjective listening test data, we evaluate the performance of three objective intelligibility measures that can be computed from the room impulse response. The measures are found to correlate well with the word and phoneme recognition rates of reverberant speech. In particular, one of the examined measures more readily relates to spatial dimensions and hence may be more convenient for environment-tracking acoustic interface applications.


У статті досліджуються особливості взаємодії активістів жіночого руху та британських політичних сил у контексті
боротьби за надання жінкам виборчих прав. Акцентується
увага
на
ключових
позиціях
у
відображенні
засобами
масової
інформації політичного нерівноправ'я жінки та діяльності
суфражистського
руху
у Великій
Британії. (In the modern world, on the wave of revision of traditional
stereotypes through the prism of gender analysis, the views about
the place of women in society are undergoing significant changes.
In this context, the history of the struggle for women's suffrage
appears in the new light, and therefore requires a deeper analysis.
British suffrage movement is a unique phenomenon in British
history. Due to the increased activity of the suffrage campaigners
in
the
first
decades
of
the
XX
century,
they
could
not
stay
out
of
view
of
society.
First
of
all,
they
had
attracted
attention
of
the
mass
media.
The
peculiarities
of
interaction
between
activists
of
the
women's
movement and British political power in the context of the
struggle for women's suffrage have been studied. Attention is
accented on the key positions of reflection by mass media of the
women's political inequality and the suffrage movement activity in
Great Britain. The investigation is based on the analysis of British
periodicals.
The author concludes that in addition to coverage of the major
events in the House of Commons, public suffrage meetings and
results of polling on the suffrage question, the struggle for women's
right
to
vote
is
reflected
in
the
cartoons.
Their
content
was
depended
on
the
positions
of
editorial
boards,
their
authors
and
state
policy.
Often
in
these
cartoons
women
were
laughed
at
and their claims were pointed as «absurdity». Particular criticism has
undergone the militant wing of the suffrage movement.
The reasons of the failures that have befallen the suffrage bills
in 1905–1913 include:1) inconsistent views of political parties and
individual MPs on the terms of women's enfranchisement; 2) there
were other urgent problems to resolve (for example, Home Rule
for Ireland); 3) fears that women, due to their numerical superiority
in
the
population,
will
have
a
greater
impact
on
the
formation
of
the
British
Parliament
than
men
have
had,
and
will
be
able
to
become
MPs;
3)
opposition
of
the
Prime
Minister
Herbert
Asquith
to
the
claims
of
the
suffrage
campaigners;
4)
opposition
of
the
part
of
British society (both men and women) to proposed
changes.)


When carring on the Quality Nursing Care Demonstration Project,based on experience of communications with different aged patients,the communication skills between nurses and patients are strengthened and a favorable nurse-patient relation is established to reduce contradictions and improve the clinical nursing quality.


Some enlightened members of the general public appear to possess clearer comprehension concerning the forfeited responsibility of the medical profession for this state of affairs than many physicians. Kimberly Bergalis, a young woman who contracted AIDS from her infected dentist [6], had denounced the entire medical profession for her tragic fate before she died: -"I blame all of you...You bastards!"


Objective:To observe the short-term curative effect and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells(MNCs) transplantation on patients with spinal cord injury(SCI) . Method:A total of 34 inpatients with SCI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The patients knew the experiment and signed the consent. A total of 16 cases in the treatment group and 18 cases in the control group were diagnosed with CT or MRI. It was comparable between the two group in age,course of disease,degree of injury(ASIA rating) (P0.05) . On the basis of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,those in the treatment group received autologous MNCs treatment. The bone marrow(160—280ml) was harvested from the patients′ ilia and then MNCs were isolated. The MNCs were injected intravenously or into subarachnoid space through lumbar puncture once or several times. Those in the control group only received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. Motor function and sense,activity of daily living and bladder function were evaluated on the first day of rehabilitation,7,15,30,60 and 90 days after treatment in the two groups. Result:All 34 patients were involved in the result analysis. ①The sense,motor and autonomic nerve function were improved to some extent in 16 patients of treatment group. Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference. ②In the treatment group,there were 5 cases elevated 1—2 grades respectively on the 90th day,In the control group,there were 4 cases elevated 1 grade respectively on the 90th day. ③The side effects during MNCs transplantation included fever(9 cases) ,headache(4 cases) ,and abdominal distension(1 cases) . Of them,1 case appeared numbness in his legs and meningeal stimulation after subarachnoid space injection,and disappeared within two or three days. Conclusion:MNCs transplantation in treatment of SCI is effective and safe in the short term,but long-term curative effect needs more observation.


in-cludesareportongraftsurvivalfollowingliving-relatedlivertransplantation for biliary atresia, showing that the rate ofgraftfailurefortransplantsperformedwithmaternaldonorsis less than half that for grafts from paternal donors, with asimilartrendseeninepisodesofrejection(1).Theseresultshaveinterestingimplicationsondonorcounselingforbiliaryatresia recipients, as well as on the disease process under-lying biliary atresia, and on our developing understandingof tolerance in solid organ transplantation.About 70–80% of infants with biliary atresia will eventu-ally require liver transplantation, and biliary atresia remainsthemostcommonindicationforlivertransplantationinchil-dren.Withworseningdeceaseddonororganshortages,in-terestincreasinglyturnstolivingdonation,especiallywhenoutcomes are often better with the latter. Blood type com-patibility, size, psychosocial factors and anatomy all play arole in selecting a living liver donor, when one has moreleeway in choice and timing than when making the deci-sion to accept a deceased donor liver. However, there haspreviously been no evidence supporting a preference formothersoverfathers,andwhateverthemechanismunder-lying better graft survival with maternal donors, this newfinding should be taken into account both in counselingfamilies and in selecting donors.Transplant physicians may also want to consider whethera biliary atresia recipient's donor was the mother or thefather in managing immunosuppression. This study founda nearly fourfold increase in biopsy-proven refractory rejec-tionwithpaternaldonorscomparedtomaternaldonors(1).This was not quite statistically significant, likely becausethis portion of the study included only 34 events, but isbuttressed by other studies showing persistent maternalmicrochimerism in children with biliary atresia (2) and thenotion that microchimerism is associated with tolerance toantigens carried by the donor cells. A child with biliary atre-sia and persistent maternal microchimerism may alreadybe tolerized pretransplant to non-inherited maternal anti-gens by maternal cells crossing over the placenta into thefetal circulation while


The idea of ??the pacemaker without lead (leadless) mentioned earlier, in hopes of becoming a solution to the problem - a problem associated mounting leads transvenous leads and stability.The success of the first installation of an external pacemaker system by Alber S. Hyman in 1932, then, in 1958 Rune Elmquist and Ake Senning did successfully epikardial pacemaker implantation, and in the same year, Seymour Furman managed using transvenous system for the first time, since the development of the pacemaker tends to stagnate in transvenous system.Although implantation of PPM classified as a minimally invasive procedure, there is a potential risk of complications.The concept of leadless pacemaker be the answer to the problems associated with pacemaker implantation, particularly in complications related to the existence and stability of the pocket, and transvenous lead.There are two systems available nowadays that can fully implanted in RV, either Nanostim or Micra.Another concept LP delivered through the ultrasound media by WiCSTM or WISE system (Wireless Cardiac Stimulation; EBR Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The system is designed to modify the dual chamber conventional pacemaker to be cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT).


Cooking timer with microcontroller AT89S51 is a tool used to determine the desired time when cooking with electric stoves. The purpose is to turn off the electric stove automatically in certain time. The main component are the AT89S51 microcontroller, 4x3 keypad is used to set the desired time, the M1632 LCD display and a siren to indicate that the time has been completed and the LED as a warning indicator. The results of tool performance is by comparing time between stopwatch and with the automatic cooking timer. The performance is very good with the accuracy around 5 seconds.


The categories of crystal faces for MC carbides in Ni-base superalloysby means of PBC theory confirm that {100}, {110} and {111} are F faces, and{212} are S faces. The caculations of attachmemt energy of each F face show that{111} are most important faces. It has also inferred that one of the growth unitsof MC carbides may be octahedrol molecula which consist of a metal atom sur-rounded by an octahedron of six carbon atoms. The attachment scheme of octahedralunits onto crystal should be layer grdwth mechanism on the {111} faces.


Current talent introduction strategies are mainly based on staff arrangement, school discipline construction and so on, which depend on experience actually. However, this kind of empirical approach, lacking of scientific basis, usually causes problems in applications such as uneven scientific research level. In this paper, we intend to use data mining to analyze talent information of teachers in Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, China from 2011 to 2017, and then to predict their capabilities in obtaining National Foundation of China. In a word, this paper aims to provide decision support for universities' talent introduction strategies. After data cleaning and feature engineering, Apriori algorithm is applied to mine the association rules and find key factors that are closely related to teachers' acquisition of National Science Foundation of China. Then we make predictions with four kinds of models, including Logistic Regression Model, Decision Tree Model, Artificial Neural Network Model and Support Vector Machine Model. In the end, in order to get a more accurate model, Logistic Regression Model which has the highest accuracy of prediction is used to do stepwise regression.


Sources of ionizing radiation and their interactions with matter detection and measurement of ionizing radiation dosimetry biological effects of ionizing radiation effects of ionizing radiation on the human body natural radioexposure medical radioexposure industrial radioexposure of electronuclear origin radioexposure due to human activities other than the medical uses of ionizing radiation, the functioning of nuclear power plants, or atomic testing radioexposure due to experimental nuclear explosions radiation protection accidents and incidents with external and/or internal radioexposure.


Degradation experiments with organic thin film transistors (OTFT) made of the p-conducting organic semiconductor pentacene revealed a distinct dependence of the electrical transistor parameters to the ambient conditions. A sample that was kept unprotected in dark ambient air conditions was found to be still operating after 9 months of degradation. The on-current was reduced by one order of magnitude per quarter year and the threshold voltage shifted to negative values. To study the influence of the respective gases of the atmosphere, an OTFT was characterized in vacuum conditions and exposed to the distinct gases. The exposure of the unprotected organic film to oxygen resulted in a decreasing on-current, on-off ratio and a positive shift of the threshold voltage, due to scattering centers formed by the reaction of oxygen with the pentacene. Nitrogen caused a decrease of the on-current with reversible tendency when the vacuum conditions were re-established.


Everyday behaviour often depends on the performance of multiple movements executed in a particular order. Here, the impact of task history on the neural activation patterns of motor behaviour is examined by evaluating unimanual and bimanual actions that are produced in a serial arrangement, such that switching between tasks is required. Cortical dynamics was assessed by means of EEG coherence in the β frequency band (13–30 Hz). Results showed that although behavioural performance was not affected, switching trials induced increased coherence as compared to control (repeat) trials. Thisreorganization was dependent on task history and was more pronounced for unimanual than for bimanual tasks. Overall, the data illustrate that neural processing of motor behaviour within a serial arrangement integrates past and present activity, and accordingly impacts on neural efficiency. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Volume 1 - Local Government. Part 1 The institutional framework - Spanish and Portuguese empires: the Cabildo, Clarence H. Haring water and bureaucracy in colonial Puebla de los Angeles, Sonya Lipsett-Rivera the municipal council of Goa, C.R. Boxer local government in Portuguese America - a study in cultural divergence, A.J.R. Russell-Wood el real tribunal de la acrodada y la delincuencia en la nueva Espana, Alicia Bazan Alarcon. Part 2 British mainland America and New France: the evolution of Massachusetts town government, 1640-1740, Kenneth A. Lockridge and Alan Krieder the foundations of social order - local government in colonial Maryland, Lois Green Carr the Pennsylvania County commission system, 1712-1740, Clair W. Keller the Anglican parish vestry in colonial Virginia, William H. Seiler evolution of the court, Paul M. McCain the structure and functioning of local government in South Carolina, Richard Waterhouse Philadelphia - municipal corporation, 1701-1776, Judith M. Diamondstone le regime municipal en nouvelle France, Gustave Lanctot. Volume 2 - Law and Order. Part 1 Constables and militiamen: de la police, Moreau de Saint-Mery the militia of colonial Massachusetts, Jack S. Radabaugh freedmen and slaves in the Barbados militia, Jerome S. Handler milicias negras y mulatas en el reino de Guatemala (siglo XVIII), Salvador Montoya. Part 2 Social welfare in New France and New England: social welfare measures and policies in New France, W.J. Eccles poor relief, local finance and town government on 18th-century Rhode Island, Bruce C. Daniels. Part 3 Company rule - Cape Colony and New Netherland: VOC goverment at the Cape, M.F. Katzen local government and central authority in New Netherland, Langdon G. Wright civil law and colonial liberty in New Netherland, Morton Wagman. Part 4 Local government - the social dimension - customary rule and European governance: aldermen and attorneys - mayor's court Calcutta, Tarit Kumar Mukherji the Portuguese administration in Malacca, 1511-1641, D.R. Sar Desai the Dutch administrative structure in Sri Lanka, S. Arasaratnam. Part 5 Elite formation and Creolization: Indian town government in colonial Cuernavaca - persistence, adaptation and change, Robert S. Haskett the growth of political institutions in Virginia, 1634-1676, Warren M. Billings English-born Creole elites in turn-of-the-century Virginia, Carole Shammas. Part 6 Representation and oligarchy: Creoles and government - the Cabildo of Popayan, Peter Marzaht el cabildo y regimentio de la Ciudad de Mexico en el siglo XVII - un ejemplo de oligarquia Criolla, Manuel Alvarado Moralies the social context of democracy in Massachusetts, Michael Zuckerman large town office-holding in 18th-century Connecticut - the growth of oligarchy, Bruce C. Daniels. Part 7 Royal government and local government: the rise of representation - electing county office-holders in colonial Pennsylvania, Clair W. Keller. (Part contents.)


Stimuli‐responsive anticancer agents are of particular interest in the field of cancer therapy. Nevertheless, so far stimuli‐responsive photothermal agents have been explored with limited success for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). In this work, as a proof‐of‐concept, a pH‐responsive photothermal nanoconjugate for enhanced PTT efficacy, in which graphene oxide (GO) with broad NIR absorbance and effective photothermal conversion efficiency is selected as a typical model receptor of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and grafted cyanine dye (e.g., Cypate) acts as the donor of near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF), is reported for the first time. The conjugate of Cypate‐grafted GO exhibits different conformations in aqueous solutions at various pH, which can trigger pH‐dependent FRET effect between GO and Cypate and thus induce pH‐responsive photothermal effect of GO‐Cypate. GO‐Cypate exhibits severe cell damage owing to the enhanced photothermal effect in lysosomes, and thus generate synergistic PTT efficacy with tumor ablation upon photoirradiation after a single‐dose intravenous injection. The photothermal nanoconjugate with broad NIR absorbance as the effective receptor of FRET can smartly convert emitted NIRF energy from donor cyanine dye into additional photothermal effect for improving PTT. These results suggest that the smart nanoconjugate can act as a promising stimuli‐responsive photothermal nanoplatform for cancer therapy.


The paper presents a study from an ergonomic point of view of the educational spaces within the "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau. A number of 191 respondents from the Faculty of Engineering were interviewed, directly but also online. The questionnaire focused on 11 questions, addressed to those who studied ergonomics but also to those who did not. The study revealed a number of problems in the educational spaces and the organization of the UVAB activity, but there were no major problems. Respondents had a positive opinion on the issues interviewed, and their suggestions were relevant. The problems highlighted by the respondents were those related to the comfort of the furniture in the classrooms, the lighting of the halls, and the need for more parking spaces.


Broadband theoretical calculations of the acoustic pressure field generally suffer from the need to perform a large number of calculations at each of several frequencies across the frequency band and to, subsequently, construct the required time series through a Fourier synthesis. The computational load for such a series of calculations can be prohibitive especially for high frequencies. This paper presents a theoretical approach within the framework of normal-mode theory that significantly reduces the computational requirements for broadband calculations. The limits of the applicability of this method have been examined, and the technique has been used in comparisons with experimental data. The method is easily extended to accommodate range dependence in the environment.


Prepolymer resol resins with different phenol/formaldehyde/NaOH molar ratios were synthesized and characterized by technical analysis as well as by 13 C NMR spectra for samples in CD3OD solution. Larger amounts of NaOH promoted the binding of formaldehyde and para substitution including the formation of benzoquinone rings with two o, p'-methylene groups in the para position. The polycondensation between ortho-hydroxymethyl groups and one-substituted aromatic para positions as the main thermosetting curing process continued in the heat treatment of resol resins. The self-condensation between ortho-hydroxymethyl groups, the release and oxidation of formaldehyde, and the formation of hemiformals are processes of low significance in curing resol resins. The assignment of 13 C NMR resonances depending on the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups, phenoxide ions, and substituted quinone rings is discussed.


In earlier work, we presented a geostatistical assessment of high‐resolution hydraulic conductivity (K) profiles obtained at the MADE site using direct‐push (DP) methods. The profiles are derived from direct‐push injection logger (DPIL) measurements that provide a relative indicator of vertical variations in K with a sample spacing of 1.5 cm. The DPIL profiles are converted to K profiles by calibrating to the results of direct‐push permeameter (DPP) tests performed at selected depths in some of the profiles. Our original calibration used a linear transform that failed to adequately account for an upper limit on DPIL responses in high‐K zones and noise in the DPIL data. Here we present a revised calibration procedure that accounts for the upper limit and noise, leading to DPIL K values that display a somewhat different univariate distribution and a lower lnK variance (5.9 ± 1.5) than the original calibration values (6.9 ± 1.8), although each variance estimate falls within the other's 95% confidence interval. Despite the change in the univariate distribution, the autocorrelation structure and large‐scale patterns exhibited by the revised DPIL K values still agree well with those exhibited by the flowmeter data from the site. We provide the DPIL and DPP data, along with our calibrated DPIL K values, in the Supporting Information.


The present invention at least one strip conductor strip (2) of the strip (2, 4) substantially directed towards the electric energy storing device (1) including a winding of cylindrical shape, such an electric energy storage device (1) consisting of substantially being limited in width by the cylindrical shape of the side (1A), each of the two cross-sectional end face are opposed to each other, including the edges (2B, 2C) of the conductor strip (2) (1B, 1C) the height is defined by, include at least one of the edges of multiple values (齒) part 5 of the at least one conductor strip (2) an edge (2B, 2C) of and, of said plurality of teeth (5) is, on at least one end face of the end face (1B, 1C) of said electric energy storing device (1), and said plurality of teeth (5) are arranged in such a manner as to form at least one set of said plurality of teeth (5) It is one that is electrically connected to a terminal 6 group The same way as in the constituting elements to be substantially overlapped by the substantially vertical, the predetermined direction with respect to the plane tangent to the cylindrical shape of the side (1A) of said electric energy storage device, these elements each element 5 as 5 gateu the conductor strip (2) and comprising a continuity is characterized in that the extension itself.


A cartridge (10) comprising: at least one projectile; a driving load; a cap gap (120) plastic having a front end and a rear end and accommodating the at least one projectile and the propellant charge; one metallic cap (125) attached to the rear end of the sleeve; and a thermally protective material (130) selected from the group consisting of paper and fiberglass and adhered to at least 5 percent of the area of the outer surface of the sleeve, so that the thermally protective material adheres a portion of the axial length of the sleeve, and a distance (141) rearward from the front end cap (126) is not protected by the thermally protective material.


This report is the PCL user's guide. It contains an overview of PICL and how it is used. Examples in C Fortran are included. PICL is a subroutine library that can be used to develop parallel programs that are portable across several distributed-memory multiprocessors. PICL provides a portable syntax for key communication primitives and related system calls. It also provides portable routines to perform certain widely-used, high-level communication operations, such as global broadcast and global summation. Finally, PICL provides execution tracing that can be used to monitor performance or to aid in debugging. 2 refs., 12 figs.


The retail industry is now enjoying a boom in the Indian economy. This trend will continue over the next two to three decades and is expected to attract a great deal of attention from all sectors of the economy, entrepreneurs, investors, as well as property owners and builders. The retail sector is expected to expand to nationwide on a large scale, creating a great job. Slowly and steadily, the retail sector achieved considerable growth, while a new form of retail sector, organized within the retail sector, emerged. With this development of the retail industry it is important to look at the labor market in this sector. Given that this is an area of little research, studies are perceived by organized and unorganized retail forms and, above all, attempts to understand and conceptualize the work. The survey also analyzes labor management practices, labor issues, and the problems faced by organized retailers and unorganized retailers in India. There are two reasons for the study. First, it examines the nature of the changes in the retail sector resulting from organized retail forms and the implications of changes to this new form of retail. Second, this sector has remained largely untapped in the untapped areas of research to date, especially in India.
 Keywords – Labour Management, Unorganised and unorganised retail.


Three cases of swallowing disorders have been presented in the course of atrophic lateral sclerosis in two patients, and in the pseudobulbar in one. All patients have been operated on after Lindeman method. It consists in formation of the tracheoesophageal anastomosis--tracheoesophageal diversion. Aim was achieved in all the cases. All patients have been taking food by mouth and recurrences of pneumonia were not observed.


In this case history of the Shubenacadie school, those involved in operating the institution have been placed within a patron-broker-client model to assist in assessing their positions and possibilities for power. This three-role model is used particularly as a means of understanding brokerage, or the middle role between Indian Affairs and the Micmac, a position considered here as being held by both the reserve agents and the school personnel. A duality was found as well within the patron and client roles, for the patron was not only the government but the church, and the client was both the child in the school and the parents on the reserve. The agent in the middle, or on site, was responsible for mediation between the government and people, but from that vantage point could alter messages, misrepresenting the client to the patron and usurping the power of the patron; it was at such times of manoeuvre that the middleman became a true broker. The model was considered as a chain with patron and client on opposite ends, or a triangle with power perceived possible from any angle, but it was found to operate more accurately as a web, its crossing and concentric lines of communication increasing the sense of entanglement implied in the word.


The mathematical model of the knife with variable-speed feeding was established, the changing law between the knife feeding speed and the diameter of the log was deduced, the calculation method of the peeling time was also derived, the formula based on pitch angle of the knife is given. The mathematic model among the pitch angle, diameter of log and height position of the knife was established in the paper, there was a simulation with the help of matlab software. The study shows that, in rotary cutting process, in order to achieve the optimization of the rotary cutting, when the knife was fed at variable-speed it must be rotated with pitch angle, the pitch angle is influenced by height position of the knife, the results of study will provide a guide for the control system design.


We examine the effect of IFRS adoption on earnings management in China. We compare the direction and magnitude of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption, and examine whether the earnings management is associated with ownership structure before and after IFRS adoption in China. We focus on 4,073 firm-years listed in SSE during the period of 2002-2009. Results are summarized as follows. First, total accruals and discretionary accruals after IFRS adoption is greater than before IFRS adoption period. Also, absolute total accruals and absolute discretionary accruals after IFRS adoption is greater than before IFRS adoption period. So, both the direction and size of accruals after IFRS adoption are greater than before IFRS adoption period, These results mean that Chinese firms do more earnings management after IFRS adoption than before IFRS adoption period. Second, earnings management effect of ownership structure measured by tradable stock ratio before and after IFRS adoption is not significantly different. But this result need to be investigated by future research because the tradable stock ratio changes rapidly before and after IFRS adoption period, so the earnings management effect of tradable stock ratio can be mixed by IFRS adoption.


Superior vena cava (SVC) is an important source of origin of atrial fibrillation (AF) triggers other than a pulmonary vein. Because of the proximity of SVC-aorta ganglionic plexi to the SVC and the extension of myocardium in the SVC from the right atrium, SVC frequently becomes an important source of ectopic beats initiating AF. The potential complications of SVC isolation may include sinus node injury. Sinus node isolation was observed in a patient who had undergone previous surgical isolation of SVC for AF, while attempting to ablate endocardially, near the superior part of interatrial septum for an atrial tachycardia.


The Saving European Archaeology from Digital Dark Age (SEADDA) COST Action (CA18128) is funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union and aims to create a network for archaeologists and digital specialists to build capacity for the long-term preservation of digital data for archaeology. More than 20 countries are involved in SEADDA, and have undertaken surveys, publications, workshops, STSMs (Short Term Scientific Missions) and other activities carried out to increase awareness and share expertise. Within the scope of the project, Internet Archeology 58 2021, titled "Digital Archiving in Archeology: Assessing the State of the Art", and then Internet Archeology 63 2023, titled "Digital Archiving in Archeology: Additional State of the Art and Further Analyzes" were published. This article will give a brief introduction to SEADDA but will focus primarily on what we are learning from Internet Archaeology 58 and Internet Archaeology 63, how it is helping us to understand digital archaeological data around the world. In this study, 37 articles from 31 different countries were examined, according to three main categories: administrative structure, physical and digital archives for archaeological data. In the light of the data obtained, it is difficult to generalize about archaeological data processes and management; however, different countries and regions are applying different methods to create repositories. Legislation, budgets, and human resources are all factors which affect these processes for preserving digital archaeological data for future generations. But, all countries need to share expertise, and engage in capacity building, especially around legislations, human resources, standards and guidelines, whilst financial support needs to be prioritized.


The social function of a society like that under whose auspices we meet this evening is coming to be more consciously defined. An organizing and directing purpose, a conviction of opportunity and obligation are as necessary in this as in other undertakings. The collecting of books and other records, the pursuit of genealogies, the gathering of personal reminiscences may easily become desultory and aimless unless all is done in accordance with a recognized duty, a well-considered program, and a consistent plan. Let us consider briefly the place and duty of an historical society in our social order. We are tempted when we seek to give meaning to any kind of activity to resort to metaphor and analogy. Thus human speech is full of fossil poetry. The simile-making habits of mankind have dealt with societies and nations. Polybius asserted that a whole people passes from youth, through manhood, to old age and death. Hobbes saw in society a huge creature made up of a multitude of men. Spencer traced in minute detail the analogy between an animal body and the social organism. Washington has given us a mechanical figure. "A Federal Government," he said, "is the main-spring which keeps the clock of the States going." Of late, philosophers have pushed the likeness into the psychic field. Such phrases as "the public mind," "the popular will," suggest a parallel between society and personality. Thus a society becomes a vast ongoing common life with habits, memories, character, and purpose. A state or nation, looked at in this way, has a tradition, a history which may be likened to the memory of the individual. Nor is the parallel wholly fanciful. A group of people is bound together by consciousness of a common past experience. Initiation is admission to a share in this memory. By ceremonials,


Most patients with lung cancer present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, when local curative therapy is no longer a treatment option. Among patients with early lung cancer, who are initially treated in curative intent, 6–7% will go on to develop oligometastases, where the metastatic spread is limited in number and site (1).


In some particular situations, participants need to recover different secrets both within a group (i.e., intragroup) and between two groups (i.e., intergroup). However, most of the existing multilevel secret sharing (MLSS) and multigroup secret sharing (MGSS) schemes mainly focus on how to protect a secret between one or more groups. In this paper, we propose a polynomial-based scheme to share multiple secret images both within a group and between groups. The random elements' utilization model of integer linear programming is used to find polynomial coefficients that meet certain conditions so that each participant holds only one shadow image and some of them can recover secrets of both intergroup and intragroup. In addition, our scheme based on polynomials has the advantage of low computational complexity. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the proposed scheme is feasible and effective.


The data on oil crops yielding capacity and spring wheat productivity components for 2009-2011 depending on the forecrops is presented. The cultivation of the crops with different biological features in crop rotations promotes the yield increase of the major grain crop. Oil crops as forecrops are studied in detail, and their yielding capacity over the years is discussed. Thus, a high wheat yield was obtained following such forecrop as rape (for forage, green manure and seeds) 3.25 t/ha. In 2011, rape oilseeds yield amounted to 1.37 t/ha, that of oil flax 1.49 t/ha, safflower 1.18 t/ha, and mustard 0.85 t/ha.


Thank you very much for reading preparing data for sharing guide to social science data archiving. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this preparing data for sharing guide to social science data archiving, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


GAY AND LESBIAN TRAVEL WRITING: A PRESENT IN NEED OF A DIFFERENT FUTURE By Michael Verdirame Advisor: Professor Carrie Hintz The first half of this thesis will detail the history of travel, as well as the primary reasons why people travel and why it is such a lucrative industry. This will be followed by an account of the history of travel writing, with a specific emphasis on the various types of avenues available to travel writers and the reasons why people feel compelled to write about their travels. The first half will then conclude with a content analysis of three current gay and lesbian travel publications available on different media platforms—Passport Magazine as an online magazine, Man About World as a tablet-only publication, and Connextions Magazine as a print magazine— with the intent to show that the articles found within do not address the plight of gay and lesbian travelers and residents in hostile destinations. The second half of this thesis will be an attempt to highlight three destinations in particular that might present difficulties for gay and lesbian travelers, with their categorization falling under the heading of past, present, and future. Included will be a discussion of homosexuality under Nazi Germany as an example of past problems, specifically what is it like for a gay and lesbian visitor to travel to a place where homosexuals were formerly persecuted.


The aim of this paper is to design a sensorless voltage control strategy based on model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for brushless doubly-fed induction generators (BDFIGs) in the ship shaft stand-alone power generation applications. The proposed method is based on the power winding (PW) field-oriented control and the functional quantity of control winding (CW) fictitious power. The proposed sensorless control system ensures the efficacy and simplicity due to the absence of the flux computation process. Comprehensive simulation and experimental results based on a wound-rotor BDFIG are presented, which validates the good dynamic performance during various operations for BDFIGs in stand-alone systems.


Americans spend far more time thinking about what to buy, and what not to buy, than they do about politics. Political leaders often make political claims while using consumer terminology, and political decisions resemble consumer decisions in surprising ways. Together, these forces help give rise to the consumer citizen: a person who depends on tools and techniques familiar from consumer life to make sense of politics. Understanding citizens as consumer citizens has implications for a broad array of topics related to public opinion and political behavior. More than a dozen new experiments make clear that appealing to the consumer citizen as consumer citizen can increase trust in government, improve attitudes toward taxes, and enhance political knowledge. Indeed, such appeals can even cause people to sign up for government-sponsored health insurance. However, the consumer citizen may also prefer candidates whose policies would explicitly undercut their own self-interest. Two concepts from consumer psychology—consumer fairness and operational transparency—are especially useful for understanding the consumer citizen. Although the rise of the consumer citizen may trouble democratic theorists, the lessons of the consumer citizen can be applied to a new approach to civic education, with the aim of enriching democracy and public life.


a wretched attempt at palliation for their obstinate rejectionofthe only fairandsatisfactory modeofselection for the fellowship wlhich, in reference to the existing members ofthe body, could have bees adopted. We have no intention of following them step by step throughout the fallacies of the sample of special pleading before us. For the weakness of their general propositions, they have one of two excuses to make, and perfectly are they welcome to their choice of eithier born of the dilemma. It matters little whether it is to defective judgment or to the weakness of the cause, that so lame and impotent a production should have been issued from their body, or bear the official signature of their authorized organ of communication; in either case they have no right to the pre-eminence to which it is their endeavour so pertinaciously to make ouit a claim. But it does matter muchl for their individual clharacters as gentlemen, that the sneer with which it is insinuated, as an intr. mountable objection to the adoption of the principle of seniority, that the fellowship would thereby have been profained with "' persons wlho have violated the laws of their country"-" professional paupers and persons of notoriously bad character" -_"puffers and vetiders of nostrums and secretremedies"-" the writers of indecent advertisements"" surgeons' assistants" 1-"1 those whio have connected themselves in business with chemists and druggists"-" retail shopkeepers, who expose for sale cattle drugs and perfumery"-we say it does matter much for their individual character as gentlemen, that the true import of such language should be explained. The simple requirement of a certificate, signed by three or more surgeons of known respectability, (members of the Council in the first instance, and subsequently Fellows,) would have been sufficient to obviate every objection from this source; and for the rest we should like to know how, if the respectability of the College is to be kept up at all, persons such as those referred to call be retained in it, whether as members or fellows. But the Council well know, that powers are proposed to be vested in the new Council of Health, by which persons of the description which they have so carefully and specially enumerated as ranking among the great body of their menmbers, may be dismissed from the registration, and con-. sequently deprived of all proposed privileges; and however the objection therefore might hiave applied to the first exercise of their power, it is perfectly null, in reference to what is sought for-the restoration of the members at large to their fair and legitimate standing, and what must now be contended for with redoubled energy.-their elevation from the refuse with which the Council so unoump"iously class them. CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CLAIMS OF HUMAN MAtNETISM.


In this article we investigate (with methods of school geometry) a figure (PQ, ABC) consisting of three given similar triangles PQA, PQB, PQC with side PQ in common (Figure 1). We combine other triangles with this figure such as triangle ABC which is proved to be similar to the given triangles. The incircles of three additional triangles adjacent to triangle ABC will be determined.


It is widely argued that Iran's financial markets are effectively isolated from the rest of the world. To see whether this argument is true and to better understand Iran's financial development, financial interdependencies of Iran within the Middle East and with the rest of the world are estimated. Monthly financial data from equity, money and foreign exchange markets is applied over 12 years; and integration of each of these markets is analysed in turn. To begin with, testing for stationarity using tests for a unit root in presence of breaks is undertaken. The series are found to contain different orders of integration, a situation that leads to the use an ARDL to test for cointegration. It is found that Iran is not fully integrated nor completely segregated from the rest of the world, thus the question as to whether Iran should be considered as a good choice for international portfolio diversification is controversial.


We describe a specimen of Apostolepis phillipsi Harvey, 1999, from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso, establishing the first unambiguous record of the species in Brazil. The new locality is ca. 120 km from the type locality, in Bolivia. We present an updated species diagnosis, the first image of a living specimen, and the first description of A. phillipsi coloration in life. Even though the Brazilian range of A. phillipsi lies within a protected area (Parque Estadual Serra Ricardo Franco-PESRF), it is threatened by cattle raising, logging and agriculture. PESRF lacks formal delimitation and a management plan, and the Mato Grosso State Legislature is considering a decree to extinguish PESRF, which could cause the extirpation of the Brazilian range of several endemic species.


The purpose of this paper is to explore country-specific and firm-specific factors responsible for attracting private equity investment across sectors in India.,The analysis involves three macroeconomic variables (rule of law, net FIIs and interest rate) across six sectors. Also, three firm-specific variables (ROE, DTA and EBITDA margin) for 89 companies with private equity across five sectors. OLS, Prais–Winsten, multinomial logit and probit regression models have been used for analysis.,The findings show that while rising foreign investments drive PE activity in energy and engineering and construction is one sector, strong legal structures and rising interest rates are the drivers of PE activity in the healthcare sector. In firm-specific analysis, though the profitability and leverage effect is invisible in the industrials and healthcare sectors, it is quite significant in IT and telecom is one sector and commodities sector.,Results are subject to limited data on private equity in different sectors. There is a lack of data for comparison on companies belonging to certain sectors like real estate, infrastructure, etc. A limited literature is available for reference purpose. Research findings may serve as preliminary criteria for private equity investors seeking investment in India.,The value of this research is in the identification of most relevant macroeconomic and firm-specific factors for private equity investors seeking investment across sectors in India.


This paper argues that feminists have yet to develop a satisfactory account of power. Existing feminist accounts of power tend to have a one-sided emphasis either on power as domination or on power as empowerment. This conceptual one-sided' ness must be overcome if feminists are to develop an account complex enough to illuminate women's diverse experiences with power. Such an account is sketched here.


This study is aimed at investigating the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio engine fuelled with diethyl ether blended waste plastic oil. Various proportions of diethyl ether blended waste plastic oil P95DEE5 (95% waste plastic oil and 5%diethyl-ether), P90DEE10 (90% waste plastic oil and 10% diethyl ether) and 100% plastic oil (P100) are used for conducting the performance tests. From the experimental investigation, it is found that Brake thermal efficiency is higher for P90 DEE10 blend with compression ratio 18 at brake power 2.85 kW. Brake specific fuel consumption is lower for P90 DEE10 blend with compression ratio 18 at brake power 2.85 kW.CO emissions are lower for P90 DEE10 blend with compression ratio 18 at brake power 2.85 kW. HC emissions are higher for the P90 DEE10 blend when compared to all the test fuels used. NOx emissions are lowered for P90 DEE10 blend when compared to all test fuels with compression ratio 18 at brake power 2.85 kW.


Diagnosis of malignant effusion has improved because of increased awareness of this often emergent complication and the availability of better noninvasive techniques.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore pre-readers' comprehension of a story with competing character goals. Fifty-eight children in three age groups (2½–3 years; 3–4 years; and 4–5 years) were read a story in which the protagonist's goal was unstated and conflicted with the goal of the secondary character. Understanding of explicit story content was tested through a joint story retell, during which children were prompted to supply 10 story elements. Children in the two older groups supplied more than half of the elements; those in the youngest group obtained a significantly lower score, supplying an average of two elements. Responses to questions suggested that a majority of participants in each age group had accurately inferred the protagonist's goal. However, few children demonstrated that they had linked actions with goal, an indication that they had difficulty grasping the goal structure of a story with competing goals.


: In today's fast-paced world, businesses have exciting opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction through advanced information and communication technologies. Banks, in particular, are adopting innovative electronic communication channels to stay competitive and satisfy customers. This study aimed to investigate customer attitudes towards conversational banking, using AI-powered digital assistants. It identified key determinants influencing customer acceptance or resistance to this new approach. Through factor analysis, it was revealed that customer acceptance plays a crucial role in the success of conversational banking. Understanding these determinants enables banks to improve the overall banking experience. Addressing customer concerns about safety and security fosters trust and increases acceptance of AI-powered digital assistants in conversational banking.


A significant problem in first generation circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers in China in the early 1990s was that they could not be easily operated at design load because the collection efficiency of separators such as the planar flow separator was quite poor. The performance of a 75 t/h planar flow separator in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler was improved by replacing the planar flow separator with a watercooled square cyclone with a particle accelerating inlet. The heating surface was also adjusted to ensure the best performance, while the overall configuration and supporting frame were not changed. Subsequent operating experience showed that the retrofitted CFB boiler could operate at design load with a reasonable temperature distribution in the main circulating loop. Thus, such retrofitting of CFB boilers is an effective means of improving boiler performance.


Asymmetry in deciduous tooth size was quantified for a group of Australian Aboriginals. No sex difference in asymmetry was noted, maxillary teeth were more asymmetric than mandibular, and mesiodistal dimensions were more asymmetric than buccolingual dimensions in males. Inter-population comparisons of dental asymmetry should take into account both general and local environmental factors, as well as measurement methods.


olocaust and genocide studies is a growing area of interdisciplinary inquiry in the social sciences and humanities. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, the premier journal in the field and currently published by Oxford University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, is in its third decade of publication.1 Relative to other disciplines, however, sociology has been underrepresented in this area of scholarship, in spite of groundbreaking work by Irving Louis Horowitz (1976, 1997), Helen Fein (1979, 1993), Leo Kuper (1981), and Zygmunt Bauman (1989). Other booklength sociological contributions include Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn's edited volume, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (1990), which documented the expansive scope of the field, and my own Fathoming the Holocaust: A Social Problems Approach (2002), which shows how sociological theory could be used to synthesize a wide range of literature on the prewar, wartime, and postwar periods.2 Increasingly, scholars have become interested in the aftermath of genocides, an area of inquiry that engages the phenomena of collective memory, law, and social reconciliation. The Nazi Holocaust against the European Jews, also known as the Final Solution, is arguably the most thoroughly researched and documented genocide.3 But the Holocaust is regrettably only one of numerous instances of mass atrocity that both preceded and followed it. Polish jurist Raphael Lemkin was the first to coin the term "genocide" in 1944 to describe what was happening to the Jews at that time. Since then a technical and sometimes contentious literature on definitions of genocide has developed (see Chalk and Jonassohn 1990; Fein 1993).4 Nevertheless, we find Chalk and Jonassohn's definition, although quite general, sufficiently suitable to delineate the subject matter of this special issue: "one-sided mass killings in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator" (p. 23). The first two papers in this special issue deal with the issue of silence about the Holocaust. Burton Halpert's "Early American Sociology and the Holocaust: The Failure of a Discipline" documents the disciplinary and cultural assumptions—including pervasive anti-Semitism—underlying early American INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE


Stone crushing is necessary to improve infrastructure like buildings, roads, bridges and development of other industries. The present study tries to find out the problems faced by Stone Crushing Industries (SCIs). The study found that stone crusher is facing so many problems due to government policies. It is also found that the Stone Crusher Units (SCUs) have a regressive and insignificant impact on socio-economic conditions of workers due to low wages, lack of working and welfare measures and environment. Accordingly, the study intended some policy implications to balance the existence of SCUs, employees welfare and environment protection.  The purpose of this study is to find out the actual problems of Stone Crushing Industries.


A new method of color management is described which takes advantage of the high pixel density achievable with TFTLCDs. In this method, a calibration 10‐bit look‐up‐table can be loaded into the monitor and implemented as a 2×2 spatial dither block to provide a 10‐bit color palette for 8‐bit color drive. Other subpixel dithering techniques are also described for monochrome and color high‐resolution TFTLCDs. These techniques can create a very large palette, and combined with a 10‐bit digital data source to achieve precise luminance and color calibration.


Objective To compare the clinical efficiency and security of MEA (Mitoxantrone,Cytarabine,Etoposide)and HEA (Homoharringtonine,Cytarabine,Etoposide) protocols on acute monouclear leukemia.Methods Forty-six replapsed or refractory patients were enrolled in this study.Twentysix patients were administered with MEA and 20 patients were administered with HEA,and then the clinical curative effect and side effects of the two groups were observed.Results Clinical response of MEA regimen:17 out of 26 patients (65.4%) achieved complete remission (CR),5 cases (19.2%) achieved partial remission(PR),4 cases(15.4%) no response.Clinical response of HEA regimen:9 out of 20 patients(45%) achieved CR,5cases(19.2%) achieved PR,4 cases(15.4%) no response.Conclusions MEA solutions is more effective than HEA solutions,MEA regimen can be used as a recurrent or refractory acute mononuclear leukemia chemotherapy regimens of priority.

Key words:
Acute monouclear leukemia;  Mitoxantrone ;  Homoharringtonine ;  Etoposide


The development of a theoretically sound concept is an important challenge to unfold the potential of social innovation. Defining social innovation as a new combination or figuration of social practices allows integrating the many different (and sometimes conflicting) meanings of social innovation and offers a new perspective on the multiplicity of the concept of social innovation. This also offers the opportunity for a better understanding of the relationship of social and technological innovation and lays the foundation for further scientific research.


This paper puts emphasis on the research into hi-tech design theory and its future channel.Finally the paper introduces an eco-architecture in Germany for analysis of its methods and principle.This may help us draw experience to benefit our architecture creation for sustainable development.


Up until the beginning of the 20th century, the eastern part of the Belgian province of Limburg was a sparsely populated and not very productive part of the country. The dominating heathland was maintained with sheep, which were an essential part of a small-scale extensive farming system.
 This all changed when coal was discovered in 1901. Seven large coalmines were established in a few decades, each one employing thousands of coal-miners. This also meant that entire new garden cities were built, to house the coal-miners and their families. The confrontation between the small-scale traditional land-use and the new large-scale industrial developments defines the landscape up to today. The scale and the force of the turnover are considered unprecedented for Western Europe, which is why it is being presented by Belgium for inclusion in the World Heritage List.


Using NaOH,TEOS,and ethanol as the raw materials,Na/SiO2 solid basic catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester were prepared by sol-gel method.The effects of catalyst calcination temperature,NaOH/SiO2 molar ratio,methanol/soybean oil molar ratio,catalyst dosage,reaction time on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester and the stability of the catalyst were investigated.The experimental results showed that Na/SiO2 solid basic catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for the transesterification,and soybean oil conversion of 97.42% was attained under the optimal condition as follows:catalyst calcination temperature 600 ℃,n(NaOH)∶ n(SiO2)=2∶ 1,n(methanol)∶ n(soybean oil)=15∶ 1,catalyst dosage 7% of soybean oil mass and reaction time 3 h.Na/SiO2 solid basic catalyst possessed good stability.


PrefaceIntroduction1. Explaining Regional Multilateral Cooperation2. The Historical Record: Pre-Madrid Regional Cooperation3. The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Multilateral Talks4. Regional Security Cooperation5. Regional Economic Cooperation6. Water and Environmental Cooperation7. ConclusionAppendix A: Concluding Remarks by Secretary of State James A. Baker III Before the Organizational Meeting for Multilateral Negotiations on the Middle EastAppendix B: Article 4: Security. Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of JordanAppendix C: Declaration of Principles and Statements of Intent on Arms Control and Regional SecurityAppendix D: Statement by the Gulf Cooperation Council on the Cancellation of the Secondary and Tertiary Arab Boycott of IsraelAppendix E: Casablanca DeclarationAppendix F: Amman DeclarationAppendix G: Cairo DeclarationAppendix H: Declaration on Principles for Cooperation Among the Core Parties on Water-Related Matters and New and Additional Water ResourcesAppendix I: The Bahrain Environmental Code of Conduct for the Middle EastNotesSelected BibliographyIndex


Distortion appears in CT imaging when the detector is composed of several CCD arrays.The gap between adjacent CCD arrays and their coplanarities should take into account.Projection of a rectangular armor plate is used to measure the landscape orientation and portrait orientation error.The measured distance between these two plane detectors is about 3 pixels' wide.Central difference interpolation is used to remedy this error.The method of calculating the coordinate of X-ray source through a metallic ball model's two dimensions projections is represented.Coordinate of the source can be calculated through projective lines.The axis-of-rotation(AOR) is positioned according to the calculated coordinate of the source.Model test is performed to show the effect of the amelioration.This method can reduce the rupture of reconstruction between these two CCD arrays.The longitude error is reduced from 88μm to 44μm after algorithm amelioration according to the calculation above.


This paper discusses two attempts to mobilize "Arabs" in a Western context: the Arab European League (AEL) and the Arab American Institute (AAI). The first is a grassroots political movement mobilizing Arab migrants and their descendants in Flanders (Belgium) and the Netherlands; the second is a Washington-based non-profit organization promoting the electoral participation of Arab Americans. Both organizations aim at representing and mobilizing Arabs as a single community. The paper analyzes and contrasts their representations of the Arabs, the Arab world, and the West. The experience of Arabs in the West is a particularly interesting instance of migrant collective action, because it articulates an identity that it is not bound to the citizenship of one country of origin and therefore is likely to be disputed. In addition, the geopolitical context and the global significance of the conflicts in the Arab world interfere with the domestic dynamics of migration and integration.


In the field of global health, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has improved the confidence in malaria and tuberculosis (TB) drug development programs by assisting with first in human dose predictions, assessing potential drug‐drug interactions, and designing efficacious dosing regimens. PBPK models are composed of a compound file and a virtual physiology/population, and the impact of PBPK modeling in malaria and TB research is largely based on the substantial effort to improve both components. For example, compound files for commonly used therapeutics in malaria and TB have been developed through initiatives led by Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) and the Critical Path to TB Drug Regimens (CPTR). In addition, there has been considerable effort to develop virtual populations for these disease areas. Specifically, the focus of physiology and population model development for malaria has been on pediatric and pregnancy models. For TB, a virtual South African population has been generated which captures relevant genetic variants and TB‐related physiological changes that affect drug distribution and metabolism in this population.


PurposeIn the current study, two grey prediction models, Even GM (1, 1) and Non-homogeneous discrete grey model (NDGM), and ARIMA models are deployed to forecast cocoa bean production of the six major cocoa-producing countries. Furthermore, relying on Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Doubling Time (Dt), production growth is analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe secondary data were extracted from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) database. Grey forecasting models are applied using the data covering 2008 to 2017 as their performance on the small sample size is well-recognized. The models' performance was estimated through MAPE, MAE and RMSE.FindingsResults show the two grey models fell below 10% of MAPE confirming their high accuracy and forecasting performance against that of the ARIMA. Therefore, the suitability of grey models for the cocoa production forecast is established. Findings also revealed that cocoa production in Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana and Brazil is likely to experience a rise with a growth rate of 2.52, 2.49, 2.45 and 2.72% by 2030, respectively. However, Nigeria and Indonesia are likely to experience a decrease with a growth rate of 2.25 and 2.21%, respectively.Practical implicationsFor a sustainable cocoa industry, stakeholders should investigate the decline in production despite the implementation of advanced agricultural mechanization in cocoa farming, which goes further to put food security at risk.Originality/valueThe study presents a pioneering attempt of using grey forecasting models to predict cocoa production.


A large portion of new and rehabilitation projects for the civil infrastructure involves repetitive tasks that mandate high degree of synchronization among the resources to meet project constraints. Despite their large need for support, few tools exist commercially. This is due, in part, to the computational and visualization challenges of existing repetitive scheduling techniques, which complicate the process and make it less understood, particularly when the repetitive units are not identical and when resources are limited. This presentation introduces enhancements by dealing with repetitive scheduling as a game of Tetris, where tasks can change geometry to fit tightly together to save project duration. This is demonstrated through novel mathematical formulations, as well as a new heuristic scheduling algorithm (First-Come-First-Serve). It will be shown that the proposed geometrical adjustments are more advantageous in improving repetitive schedules than using expensive accelerations, and the new visuals make the schedule more legible. This research is a step towards making repetitive scheduling a mainstream tool, to benefit the construction industry.


A co pull the plug, which comprises a key assembly, the drive member and drive portion of the plug body and the contacts, the plug body. Keys and key assembly comprising two springs, arranged symmetrically in the key plug sides of the body, a spring disposed between the upper two buttons, the lower end of the fan-shaped key toothing. Transmission member is coaxially rotatable drive gears and large gear pinions, each key corresponding to a lower end of each set, by positioning shaft mounted on the plug body, the key corresponding to the sector gear teeth of the gear set of the lower end the pinion. Pushing portion mounted outside the plug body end, an outer side surface of the plug body by the inner surface, the guide groove and the guide bar sliding mating relationship structure, the inner wall of the pushing portion disposed longitudinally rack structure, with the transmission gear position corresponding to the group big gear, moved back and forth by the rotation of the large gear to drive along the plug body, and push the front end surface of the socket portion of the conflict. This plug has pulled out when convenient, fast, labor-saving, safety advantages.


Current research supports the use of exercise to minimize side effects of breast cancer and its treatment, such as decreased functional capacity and increased body weight. Exercise prescriptions in research protocols should attend to the principles of exercise training in order to deliver an effective intervention. Previous reviews have summarized the exercise protocols used in research studies and focused on reporting outcomes, but have not critically examined the application of training principles (specificity, progression, overload, initial values, reversibility and diminishing returns) to evaluate the appropriateness of the intervention for desired outcomes within a target population.


ABSTRACT: This study produced pectin microcapsules containing Lactobacillus acidophilus by external ionic gelation, followed by the adsorption of whey protein and pectin to form multilayers. The viability of free and microencapsulated lactobacilli was evaluated after in vitro exposure to gastrointestinal conditions. They were also assessed by heat treatment, and stability was examined at -18 °C, 5 °C and 25 °C for 120 days. Exposure to different pHs, simulating passage through the gastrointestinal tract, showed that treatment of the microcapsules with only pectin (LA/P0) and with one and two layers of whey protein (treatments LA/P1 and LA/P3, respectively), were able to protect Lactobacillus acidophilus , with microcapsules increasing the release of probiotics from the stomach into the intestines. Free cells showed a decrease in their counts over the course of the simulated gastrointestinal system. Regarding heat treatments, microcapsules with a layer of whey protein (LA/P1) maintained the viability of their encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus (9.57 log CFU/g-1). The best storage viability was at -18 °C, with a count of 7.86 log CFU/g-1at 120 days for microcapsule LA/P1,with those consisting of two layers of whey protein (LA/P3)having a 6.55 log CFU/g-1 at 105 days. This study indicated that external ionic gelation was effective and could be used for the production of pectin microcapsules, with multilayer whey protein promoting greater protection and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus.


This is a preprint version published in Trends in Molecular Medicine as Who owns your body? Legal issues on the ownership of bodily material. © 2002 Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714914


Background. Anemia is a known adverse effect of sirolimus (SRL) therapy. Sirolimus may contribute to anemia by a direct antiproliferative effect or by increasing inflammation, worsening kidney function, or decreasing iron utilization. After observing the need for high dose exogenous erythropoietin dosage in some patients on SRL, we hypothesized that SRL therapy may influence anemia by inducing a state of erythropoietin resistance. Methods. Twenty-five stable renal transplant patients on maintenance tacrolimus and SRL therapy were enrolled in a prospective trial with conversion from SRL to enteric coated mycophenolate sodium. Measurement of plasma erythropoietin and red cell indices were performed pre- and postconversion. Results. Renal function remained unchanged after conversion. Serum hemoglobin (Hb) increased in 18/21 (86%) of patients after conversion. Endogenous erythropoietin level decreased from a median of 28.3 (11.5–374) to 16.6 (3.1–78.8) mIU/mL, (P<0.001); and the erythropoietin:Hb ratio dropped from 2.7 (0.7–34.3) to 1.2 (0.2–6.7), (P<0.001); indicating less erythropoietin resistance after conversion. Mean corpuscular volume increased after conversion, but transferrin saturation and ferritin did not change. Conversion was complicated by posttransplant erythrocytosis in two patients. Discussion. Conversion from SRL to enteric coated mycophenolate sodium led to an increase in Hb and a decrease in erythropoietin resistance in stable kidney transplant recipients. Increase in Hb seemed to be independent of renal functional changes or changes in iron sequestration.


The results of numerical simulation on restoration of parameters of local in-homogeneities are considered. Studying of restoration of elastic inhomogeneities and inhomogeneities of electrical conductivity is implemented using elastic and electromagnetic wave fields correspondingly. The direct problem for the Lame and Maxwell equations is solved by the finite difference method. Restoration of parameters is implemented by the diffraction tomography method in the time domain with the help of the first-order Born approximation. In electromagnetic case we study restoration of local inhomogeneity of electrical conductivity using the sounding by diffusion electromagnetic field.


This paper intends to explore the possibility that phenomenology can be used as one of the foundations of scientific epistemology of Islamic education management. Scientific management of Islamic education would not be sufficient if only positivistic approached scientifically. Behaviors that contain messages of moral, theological and ideological embraced by managers, implementers and users of Islamic educational institutions are very complicated. To be able to describe these phenomena with a reasonable and until the deeply meaning (eidos), so phenomenological approach is needed. This approach can be used as a basis in developing others the science of Islamic education management. The science of Islamic education management can have a number of scientific fields (The science of diniyyah, madrassas, Islamic schools, and Islamic higher education management) and gave birth to a number of expertise (administrative staff, headmaster and superintendent at the madrasah level).


The tasks, objectives and completed work are discussed for the legislative and institutional program, cities program, geothermal applications utilization technology, and outreach. The work on the Maryvale Terrace development and the New Mexico Energy Institute are described. (MHR)


In the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States tripled in size through a process of purchase, negotiation, and conquest, extending its domain westward from an original western border of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Yet this expansion represented only the claim, rather than control, of the region. In order for Americans to consider the territory fully their own, they needed to transform it along the pattern established by the older, eastern states. This transformation took many forms, including political, social, economic, and religious. Two recent explorations of this regional reworking, Amy Bridges' Democratic Beginnings and Jason E. Pierce's Making the White Man's West, offer compelling and thoughtful explanations of the ways in which land claimed and controlled by diverse cultures and countries became the distinctively American West during the late nineteenth century. The political and governmental reworking of the West into a series of states patterned on the established model east of the Mississippi River offers the theme for Amy Bridges' work. A discussion of the constitutional conventions and founding principles of eleven western states—starting with the tier capped by New Mexico and Montana and extending west to the ocean—Bridges originally planned the idea as a background chapter of a book on Progressive era-politics in the region. Her fascination and affection for the work that went into constitutional creation inspired the idea to morph into a book-length project of its own, hence Democratic Beginnings. Bridges begins her work with some generalizations about the state constitutional conventions of the eleven states she covers. She points out two key observations: how they built upon, and often benefited from, the efforts of state and federal constitutional delegates over the preceding decades; and how often and well the delegates tackled unexpected challenges unique to


The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of polystyrene content and St/UP on the setting shrinkage and strengths of polymer mortar with waste expanded polystyrene resin as a shrinkage-reducing agent, and to recommend the optimum binder formulations for product of low-shrinkage polymer mortar. In this paper, polymer mortar is prepared with waste expanded polystyrene content and St/UP, and tested for setting shrinkage, flexural and compressive strengths. From the test results, irrespective of increasing of waste expanded polystyrene resin, the strengths reduction of polymer mortar with waste expanded polystyrene(EPS) resin is not recognized. And the setting shrinkage is reduced with EPS resin content. The waste expanded polystyrene resin as a shrinkage-reducing agent can be used in the same manner as commercial polystyrene resin. In this study, we can obtain the optimum mix proportions of polymer mortar using EPS resin.


After the primary researches on constructability issue which were implemented in United States, United Kingdom and Australia, more explorations were applied on that in order to assess this unique scientific fact in East Asian country of Malaysia. Based on the latest researches done on constructability concept in Malaysia, the most Critical Constructability Activities (CCAs) are defined according to amount of contractors' participation in each activity and amount of gap between actual and potential effects of each of them on achieving the overall objectives of the construction projects with more cost and time savings and better quality which is the whole aim of a beneficial constructability activity. The present research aims to assess the current findings on CCAs in order to identify the types of contractors and projects which these CCAs are getting performed in and also the types of contracts is used in these CCAs. Finally it was found that there are some significant differences in amount of contractors' involvement in CCAs among various considered independent variables. This study uses the former researches to help Malaysian construction stakeholders to find out the barriers of constructability implementation in building projects via giving more details on application of CCAs among different IVs.


This article demonstrates the pre-eminent place the issue of interstate relations occupies in Carl Schmitt's political thinking between the early 1920s and early 1940s. First, I discuss how Schmitt's understanding of interstate relations develops from 1923 until the Nazi's taking power. By focusing on his critique of imperialism and universalism in international law during this period, I reveal that his engagement with the Monroe Doctrine, the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Kellogg–Briand Pact results in a change in his views in Roman Catholicism and Political Form in which he talks about the possibility of a world state in the form of a League of Nations with supra-state and supra-sovereignty powers. Second, I show to what extent the novel international circumstances created by the emergence of the Nazi rule leads him to elaborate the concepts of the Reich and the Groβraum in addition to his continuing engagement with the concepts of imperialism and universalism. By accentuating the development of his interest in the concepts of imperialism, universalism, the Reich and the Groβraum, I argue that the question of interstate relations is the sine qua non of Schmitt's political thinking. I conclude by asserting that studying Schmitt's political thinking in its connection with his interest in interstate relations provides a promising path for leftist political theorists to understand, explain and reimagine the contemporary global order.


MORE MALE nurses are needed in general practice and at NHS Direct to encourage men to take better care of their health, according to the president of the European Men's Health Forum.


In genetic association studies, the linear mixed model (LMM) has become a standard practice to account for population stratification and relatedness in the samples to reduce false positives. Despite recent progress, fitting LMMs to achieve an exact optimum has no theoretical assurance and remains computationally demanding, particularly in multi-omics studies where tens of thousands of phenotypes are tested for association with millions of genetic markers. The state-of-the-art method used the Newton-Raphson algorithm for optimization. Here we present IDUL that uses iterative dispersion updates to fit LMMs. IDUL requires no evaluation of derivatives of the likelihood function, rather, it fits two weighted least square regressions in each iteration. Applied to a set of protein assays from the Framingham Heart Study, IDUL converged in several iterations and provided consistent estimates between different initial values, which outperformed the Newton-Raphson method. IDUL is highly efficient for additional phenotypes, making it ideal to study genetic determinant of multi-omics phenotypes. Through a theoretical lens, we show that IDUL is a gradient ascent algorithm, and is as efficient as the Newton-Raphson method near the optimum. Most significantly, with a sufficiently large sample, IDUL converges to the global optimum with probability one, achieving the exact optimum. IDUL is freely available at http://www.haplotype.org.


Recently, in the United Kingdom, there has been discussion surrounding the movement toward the physician assistant/ associate (PA). Although the United States has utilized such health care workers for some time, this approach is just beginning to take hold in theUnitedKingdom. There hasbeen debate both for and against PAs among doctors, who express concerns about supervision and the impact that employing PAs may have on training doctors. As a clinician, I have always believed that a teamapproach is of value when caring for an acutely unwell patient. Traditionally, this has been in the form of consultant and doctor-intraining. Yet, during certain situations, eg, peri-arrest, I appreciate the current interdisciplinary approach between doctor and acute care nurse specialist. It helps to highlight whether there is anything further we need to consider in terms of diagnostic possibility, and also how far we should push a patient who may have several comorbidities and limited prognosis at baseline. Therefore, I would argue that one possible way forward is to allow specialist nurses tomentor the new starter PA. Specialist nurses are able to take a history, examine, diagnose, and interpret test results. This would allow for initial appropriate supervisor assessment with less pressure on doctors as potential supervisors. Furthermore, this would reduce concerns about doctors-in-training receiving inadequate mentorship. Often in health care settings, there is a clash of egos, with doctors assuming primary importance. Yet, when a patient's condition deteriorates, a full complement of team members can help to ensure appropriate management and a better outcome. Ifwe removeour ego fromthe situation, surelywecan find simple steps forward to accommodate our PA colleagues and help integrate them into our medical provider pool.


Casting defects detection is necessary for manufacturing industry. In this paper, we propose a casting defects detection method based on the Deep Learning algorithm. We aims at solving problems of insufficient computing resources in most manufacturing enterprises, and we introduce the Efficientnet network and depth separable convolution to saving computing resources while maintaining detection accuracy. The experiment results verifies our method could perform well even if in the case of insufficient computing resources. It provides a automated casting defects detection method and give a proposal to the industrial defect detection researchers who faced the problem about computing resources.


The IPBES Sub-Regional Dialogue Workshop on Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) for the South-East and North-East Asia region that was organised by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand on 14-17 October 2016. This sub regional workshop was conducted to follow up on the outcomes of the Regional Dialogue Workshop on ILK for the Asia Pacific Region that was held in June 2016, also in Chiang Mai, and organised by the IPBES Task Force on ILK (TF ILK).


Massive automobile advertising budgets suggest that consumers worldwide are exposed to a large number of motor vehicle advertising messages. This is of concern considering some motor vehicle advertisements may encourage unsafe driving practices. In fact, motor vehicle advertising contributes a significant proportion of all complaints received by the Advertising Standards Bureau (ASB). Further, it appears that many advertisements that may be non compliant appear to fall through the regulatory gaps. This paper presents a test of the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI) Voluntary Code of Practice for Motor Vehicle Advertising. It entailed assessing audience perceptions of the messages communicated in three advertisements which were the subject of complaint to the ASB, two of which (Ford, Jeep) were dismissed and the third (Mazda) upheld. Audience perceptions of the ads showed that the ASB were correct in upholding the Mazda complaint that the ad promoted speed and performance aspects of the vehicle. However, our results showed that the Ford and Jeep ads also communicated these messages to the same extent or greater. Our results also showed that the sort of driver behaviour portrayed in these ads is perceived by a majority of viewers as aggressive and risk-taking across all three ads. These results bring into question the approach the Australian Standards Bureau uses to determine whether an advertisement breaches the FCAI Voluntary Code of Practice for Motor Vehicle Advertising.


In this paper, as a component of the Overhead Contact Line, operating characteristics of automatic tension devices are described. This paper studied the suitability of technical developments, working stroke, safety, maintainability and economic efficiency for existing automatic tensioning devices. Old wheel type tensioning devices should be replaced with spring type tensioning device regarding of characteristics and temperature condition of Catenary System.


Based on bilinear pairings and partially blind signature, a new e-cash scheme is put forward, the signature founded on bilinear pairings is short, secure and highly efficient. And the partially blind signature is embedded in it, thus it can not only protect the message sender's privacy efficiently but also promote the depositing efficiency by embedding the signer's information.


We consider a scheduling problem for packet based systems with time-varying channel conditions. Designing scheduling mechanisms that take advantage of time-varying channel conditions, which are different for different users, is necessary to improve system performance; however this has to be done in a way that provides some level of fairness among the users. Such scheduling mechanisms are termed opportunistic. We generalize the opportunistic scheduling mechanisms in the literature on two fronts. First, we formulate and solve an opportunistic scheduling problem with multiple general long term QoS constraints and a general system objective function. We call the solution of this opportunistic scheduling problem a generalized water filling solution. Then, we generalize this problem to include multiple interface systems in which several users can be served simultaneously. Apart from the long term QoS constraints specified by each user, multiple interface systems are constrained with other physical limitations imposed by the system. Our main contribution is to show that the structure of the optimal opportunistic scheduling policy is carried over to the problem with general constraints and multiple interfaces. We also study the stability of the multiple interface systems and propose a throughput optimal scheduling rule for such systems.


This case-study describes how to introduce a pragmatic Model Driven Development (MDD) approach in a large, world-wide financial services software company with a conservative culture and high time-to-market constraints. By the application of agile principles a pragmatic simplified approach was produced by using only a single modeling level and using XML as modeling language. Although simplified, this approach could still significantly improve the application architecture of financial message structure definitions by reducing duplication and automating development tasks.


Utilizing the modified transfer matrix method, under transverse electric polarization, asymmetric optical bistability is achieved by designing one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) with two Bragg reflector segments containing traditional dielectrics and asymmetric defect multilayers consisting of a magnetized ferrite and nonlinear Kerr dielectric. When the incident wave frequency equals the resonance frequency, owing to the breaking of symmetry in the defect layers and the Voigt magneto-optical effect generating in the magnetized ferrite layers together with the Kerr effect existing in the Kerr dielectric layers, the asymmetric optical modulations are presented as the bistable state in the forward propagation and the multistable state in the backward propagation. Also, the diverse energy localization distributions of the electric field in the proposed PCs from the two incident directions are graphically illustrated. Furthermore, the optical bistable switch-up and switch-down thresholds of the proposed resonator can be tailored flexibly by the external magnetic field, the incident angle, the thicknesses of different dielectrics, and the nonlinear coefficient of Kerr dielectric. This work provides a constructive proposal for the design of light modulators, such as the optical isolator, the optical triode, the all-optical diode, and the sensor.