A 42‐year‐old man presented with severe abdominal pain, constipation, and hematuria. The patient had a history of seminoma treated by chemotherapy followed by bilateral orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection 16 years earlier. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 8.0 × 6.0 × 5.0 cm mass in the retrovesical space, encompassing the left side of his proximal bladder, the prostate, and the rectum. A urine cytologic specimen showed loosely cohesive cell clusters composed of highly atypical large cells and occasional large, single cells with macronucleoli present in a background of mainly lymphocytes and histiocytes was diagnosed as recurrent seminoma. Prostate biopsies showed extensively necrotic seminoma with accompanying granulomatous reaction. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for c‐kit (CD117), placental‐like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), D2‐40, and OCT4. To our knowledge, this is the second report on urine cytology of metastatic seminoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:734–738. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


4,4′-Hexafluoroisopropylidene-2,2-bis(phthalic acid anhydride) (1) was treated with L-methionine (2) in acetic acid and the resulting 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-N,N′-bis(phthaloyl-L-methionine) diacid (4) was obtained in high yields. The direct polycondensation reaction of this diacid with several aromatic diols, such as bisphenol A (5a), phenolphthalein (5b), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (5c), 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide (5 d), 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (5e), 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (5f), and 2,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (5g), was carried out in a system of tosyl chloride (TsCl), pyridine (Py), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reactions with TsCl were significantly promoted by controlling alcoholysis with diols, in the presence of catalytic amounts of DMF, to give a series of optically active poly(ester imide)s, (PEI)s, with good yield and moderate inherent viscosity ranging from 0.43 to 0.67 dL/g. The polycondensation reactions were significantly affected by the amounts of DMF, molar concentration of monomers, TsCl and Py, aging time, temperature, and reaction time. All of the aforementioned polymers were fully characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, and specific rotation. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these optically active PEIs are reported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 455–460, 2006


This paper is based on the classical static probability rough sets. Considering the dynamic characteristics of set X, this paper puts forward three dynamic rough sets models and discusses their structure characteristics. It establishes the foundation for obtaining dynamic probabilistic marking rules. This paper explains the meaning of dynamic probability rough sets, and gives an example to illustrate the application of dynamic probability rough sets in venture capital.


Speaking is the ability to produce articulation, sounds or sentences to express and idea or feeling. Mastering speaking is difficult for some students. When they should speak in front of class they feel anxious, nervous, lack of confident. Anxiety is the crucial factor which can impede students' fluency in speaking English. The aims of this research are to find out the students' anxiety level, to find the factors that can cause students' anxiety in speaking and the strategies to reduce anxiety. This research used mix method with sequential explanatory design. The instruments of this research were questionnaire, interview and documentation. The researcher conducted the research at 10 grade students of Hospitality Accommodation in SMK Pwayatan Daha 1 Kediri. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The data questionnaire showed that the students who got low level were (0%), moderate level (82%), and high level (12%). And from 3 factors, the most influencial factor was fear of negative evaluation (65,7%) and others were test anxiety (64,2%), and communication apprehension (63,8%). In addition, the data interview showed that students who got high anxiety had many strategies to reduce his/her anxiety in speaking English than the students who got low/moderate anxiety. In brief, from the data finding, students need more attention from the teacher. In order the students feel pleasant in the class and do not feel anxious in speaking class.


: In the process of their training in Methodology of technological education in 1 st – 4 th grades students majoring in Preschool and Primary School Pedagogy, and Primary School Еducation and Foreign Language Teaching should, within the limited teaching hours, master the didactic bases of teaching the subject and acquire common technological culture as well. Due to the mentors on the territory of the town, students are introduced to a variety of modern methods and means to implement the learning process. There are, however, schools around the country that find greater use of modern achievements in the field of information technology and we believe that our students should be familiar with them. In relation to that, we provide them with teacher observation hours and lectures with teachers-innovators working in these schools. In relation to the acquisition of specific skills, we conduct part of the training of students with the help of experts competent in a particular field or just with people who have an interesting hobby and are willing to share their experience. These are usually our former or current students, mentors, specialists from art studios. This is necessary because in recent years the Internet has promoted extremely interesting suggestions for practical activities, but it is not possible for teachers, especially in primary school education to keep up with everything and to try it in order to assess what is appropriate for their students. To acquire in-depth training of students in their desired field, we apply project-based training that finishes with the presentation of a significant product. We contact students to promote and assess the project results. This is usually an exhibition whose subjeckt is determined by the students themselves. It is related to a holiday and is officially unveiled. The open training organized in this way opens up more doors of knowledge to the future educators; the possibilities for searching and finding up-to-date information are being explored; teamworking, organizational and reflexive skills are being developed. established in the form of master classes led by the respective group utilizes various techniques and produces different products. Students have the right to attend various groups.


Purpose
This paper aims to identify the role of internet of things (IoT) in water supply chain management and helps to understand its future path from the junction of computer science and resource management.

Design/methodology/approach
The current research was studied through bibliometric review and content analysis, and various contributors and linkages were found. Also, the possible directions and implications of the field were analyzed.

Findings
The paper's key findings include the role of modern computer science in water resource management through sensor technology, big data analytics, IoT, machine learning and cloud computing. This, in turn, helps in understanding future implications of IoT resource management.

Research limitations/implications
A more extensive database can add up to more combinations of linkages and ideas about the future direction. The implications and understanding gained by the research can be used by governments and firms dealing with water management of smart cities. It can also help find ways for optimizing water resources using IoT and modern-day computer science.

Originality/value
This study is one of the very few investigations that highlighted IoT's role in water supply management. Thus, this study helps to assess the scope and the trend of the case area.


Abstract This study investigated the comparative effects of conventional hot-air oven heating (CHO), microwave heating (MW) and sealing effect on the nutritive value of lucerne hay. Equivalent energy (125 J.g−1) was applied with a 1.1 kW of MW oven for 60 seconds (s) or a 3.06 kW CHO oven for 350 s. The required equivalent energy level was measured based on a preliminary calibration trial. Two heating method (CHO and MW) and sealing condition (SC) applied as treatment factors in this study. A two-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05) was used to measure the effect of different factors on some properties of lucerne hay. The dry matter (DM) percentage of lucerne hay was increased when MW treatments were applied on both sealed and non-sealed lucerne hay compared with the control. Both heating method and their interaction with SC had negative effects on crude protein (CP) percentage. DM digestibility (DMD) and Digestible organic matter in the DM (DOMD) were decreased by 9% and 5%, respectively, in the sealed MW group, compared with the sealed control. Neutral detergent fibre % also increased by 6% in the sealed MW group, compared with the sealed control group. However, no differences in acid detergent fibre % due to any heating method and/or SC were observed in this study. The mechanisms behind these changes require further exploration.


We present a detailed x‐ray diffraction structural study of a YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting film, deposited by a pulsed laser technique on (001) SrTiO3. The film was found to be polycrystalline with c‐axis preferential orientation normal to the substrate plane. We have also performed in‐plane diffraction experiments where we find that these grains are aligned along the substrate crystallographic axes in the plane in the film. From the x‐ray line widths, we observe residual strain broadening which we attribute to macroscopic compositional inhomogeneity.


Bike sharing is an important tool to reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas. Electrically Power Assisted Bicycles (EPAC's) make cycling possible also for sedentary people. Standard EPAC's are difficultly integrable into a free-floating sharing system because the battery pack requires frequent recharging. This paper studies the challenges, opportunities and solutions of implementing a free-floating bike sharing system based on electric bicycles. The analysis revolves around the charge sustaining paradigm. The idea of charge sustaining leverages the metabolic efficiency gaps to reduce the overall physical effort required without determining a net discharge of the battery. Already validated in private bicycles, the idea needs to be modified and adapted to the challenges of a shared fleet. The paper analyzes two approaches to the fleet level energy management and assistance control of a fleet of charge sustaining bicycles. Specifically, we compare a fixed price approach against a flexible pricing approach where the user can select the cost based on the pedaling effort they are willing to exercise. A simulation framework (calibrated on data collected during a large trial in Milan, Italy) assesses the operational costs and revenues of the two approaches quantifying how they depend on the design and environmental parameters. We provide and validate a lower bound in terms of usage rate that guarantees economic sustainability, additionally showing that a flexible pricing strategy can lower this bound and grant more degrees of freedom to the users.


The first part of this thesis describes the use of hydroxy protons for 1H NMR conformational studies of saccharides and small glycopeptide performed in aqueous solution. The conformations of the disaccharide b-D-GlcpNAc-(1®4)-b-D-GlcNAc and of the glycoside b-D-Galp-(1®3)-a-D-GalpNAc-O-Me have been investigated and compared to those of the amino acid linked counterparts b-D-GlcpNAc-(1®4)-b-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn and b-D-Galp-(1®3)-a-D-GalpNAc-O-Ser. For this, the hydroxy proton chemical shifts, vicinal coupling constants, temperature coefficients, exchange rates with water and NOEs were measured. The V[b-D-Galp-(1®3)-a-D-GalpNAc-(1®]THPGY glycopeptide was also investigated. Information about hydrogen bonding interactions and hydration could be obtained. The second part of this thesis describes the 1H NMR studies of the solution conformation of the conotoxin contulakin-G and five analogues. The five analogues had different biological activities, all being less active than contulakin-G. The conformational studies were performed in an attempt to correlate the structure to the activity. Contulakin-G is a 16 amino acid O-glycosylated glycopeptide, which originally was isolated from the venom of the Cone snail Conus geographus. It has the sequence ZSEEGGSNAT*KKPYIL with the disaccharide b-D-Galp-(1®3)-a-D-GalpNAc attached to the threonine residue in position 10. It has entered phase II clinical trials for short-term management of post-operative pain. The five analogues are the non-glycosylated peptide, one glycopeptide with the monosaccharide a-D-GalpNAc attached to Thr10, one with the disaccharide attached at Ser7, and two enantiomeric analogues where the disaccharide was attached at the L-Ser10 and D-ser10 residues, respectively. The NMR studies showed that in all compounds, the peptide predominantly existed in extended conformations. Transient populations of folded conformations were found in the glycosylated peptides. The two most active compounds, contulakin-G, and the (D-Ser10) glycosylated analogue, displayed some similar conformational features.


gricultural workers?is a unique feature for China during a period of social and economic transition. It has originated in a traditional system of rural and urban separation in China. This paper examines its cause of formation, its historical role and the course of development of Chinese gricultural workers?


As of November 1950 the external debt of Iceland, outstanding or authorized, amounted to the equivalent of $8.4 million. Almost 55 percent ($4.6 million) of the obligation is in U.S. dollars and 45 percent ($3.7 million) in sterling. The remainder consists of a Danish loan. In 1948 Iceland obtained a line of credit for $300,000 for the purchase of U.S. surplus property. As of October 31, 1950 only $88,000 of the authorized amount had been utilized and the remaining $211.000 has been terminated. The loan is free of interest and is repayable in foreign currency or real estate, at the option of the U.S. Government. Total annual interest charges average $180,000 between 1950-52 and will decline steadily from an average of $250,000 between 1953-57 to about 8200,000 around 1960 and $50,000 around 1970. Amortization will increase from about $150,000 in 1953-55 to about $440,000 in 1969 and will then decline to $154,000 in 1970 and thereafter.


On the basis of research on the steel enterprise information system in the current domestic small and medium-scale iron and discovery of the adequate for the existing system, a idea of the combination the real-time database technology with advanced management services is put forward. By SBO platform we construct the general production framework based real-time database and design its main functional modules; at the same time, we summarize the overview of the interface method with real-time database, finally we realize the program .The program helps raise the level of corporate information production and productivity, reduce production costs significantly and improve their market competitiveness.


This paper describes the enhanced switching speed of lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistors (LIGBTs) fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. LIGBTs built in SO1 substrates are shown to switch about six times faster than equivalent devices in bulk silicon substrates. Meanwhile, the LIGBT's specific on-resistance is only slightly increased by moving to SOI. This improvement is due to the fact that charge storage is confined to the drift region in an SO1 device, while excess charge storage in the substrate is completely avoided. These findings enhance the motivation for building power ICs in SO1 substrates. epi layer was grown. The bulk substrates had the same epi on a 10 R*cm p-type starting material. A cross-section of the SO1 device is shown in figure 1. Experimental results from the fabricated devices show excellent agreement with results from twodimensional device simulations, which were used to analyze the changes in device physics. Several of these simulation results are included below, in support of the following device comparisons.


This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship: (1) the effect of the
use of methods CIRC on the ability to write effective sentence in the fourth grade
students of SDN I Kembangan Bukateja, (2) the effect of the use of methods of
Task Based Learning (TBL) on the ability to write sentences efekif in class IV
SDN 1 Kembangan Bukateja, (3) which is better use CIRC method or the use of
task-based learning method (task based learning) or often abbreviated (TBL) in
making the effective sentence in the fourth grade students of SDN 1 Kembangan
Bukateja. Research was conducted in the fourth grade students of State 1
Kembangan Sub-District Education Office UPT Bukateja, Purbalingga in the
academic year 2016/2017. The method used is an experimental quantitative study
with quasi experimental method. The population in this study is IVA and IVB
grade students of SD Negeri 1 Kembangan, Unit of the District Education Office
Bukateja school year 2016/2017. The sample in this research there are two
classes, experimental and control classes. The instrument to collect data was
limited test descriptions. The analysis technique used is the technique of statistics
and paired t test and independent t test. The analysis showed that: (1) There is a
real difference between pre-test and post-test experimental group using methods
Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC), the method Task
Based Learning (TBL) without being treated has an influence on the increase
based learning tasks in writing effective sentence (t-count Cooperative Integrated
Reading and Composition (CIRC) = 19.667, t-count Task based learning (TBL) =
26.188 and conventional methods school = 24,554 > t-table = 2.045). (2) There is
a real difference between the post-test and post-test control group experimental
group using methods Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC),
with post-test control group. T-count Cooperative Integrated Reading And
Composition (CIRC) = 2.992 > t-table = 2.001 and there is a real difference
between the post-test control group and post-test experimental group using the
Task Based Learning (TBL) (t-count Task Based Learning = 3,465 > t-table =
2.001. (3) Application of task based learning (TBL) is more effective in enhancing
learning tasks based on writing effective sentences. T-count Cooperative
Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) = 2.922 < Task Based Learning =
3.465. From the above results it can be stated that the application of the method
CIRC and the use of methods of Task Based Learning (TBL) effect on
improvement of students' writing. Seen from this consequences in teaching
writing skills teachers need to be more effective sentence prioritize TBL method
to improve students' writing effective sentences.


The field of swarm robotics studies multi-robot systems, emphasising decentralised and self-organising behaviours that deal with limited individual abilities, local sensing and local communication. A robotic system needs to be flexible to environmental changes, robust to failure and scalable to large groups. These desired features can be achieved through collective behaviours such as aggregation, synchronisation, coordination and exploration. We aim to analyse these emerging behaviours by applying an evolutionary approach to a specific robotic system, called the Kilobot, in order to learn behaviours. If successful, not only would the cost and computation time for evolutionary computation in mobile robotics decrease, but the reality-gap could also


During development, a remarkable coordination of molecular and cellular events leads to the generation of the cortex, which orchestrates most sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Cortex development occurs in a stepwise manner: radial glia cells (RGs) - the neural stem cells (NSCs) of the developing brain - and progenitor cells from the ventricular zone (VZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) sequentially give rise to distinct waves of nascent neurons that form cortical layers in an inside-out manner. Around birth, RGs switch fate to produce glial cells. A fraction of neurogenic RGs that lose their radial morphology however persists throughout postnatal life in the subventricular zone that lines the lateral ventricles. These NSCs give rise to different subtypes of olfactory bulb interneurons and glial cells, according to their spatial origin and location within the postnatal SVZ. These observations raise important unresolved questions on 1) the transcriptional coding of postnatal SVZ regionalization, 2) the potential of postnatal NSCs for cellular regeneration and forebrain repair, and 3) the lineage relationship and transcriptional specificities of postnatal NSCs and of their progenies. My PhD work built upon a previously published comparative transcriptional study of defined microdomains of the postnatal SVZ. This study highlighted a high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity within NSCs and progenitors and revealed transcriptional regulators as major hallmarks sustaining postnatal SVZ regionalization. I developed bioinformatics approaches to explore these datasets further and relate expression of defined transcription factors (TFs) to the regional generation of distinct neural lineages. I then developed a model of targeted ablation that can be used to investigate the regenerative potential of postnatal progenitors in various contexts. Finally, I participated to the development of a pipeline for exploring and comparing select populations of pre- and postnatal progenitors at the single cell level. Objective 1: Transcriptomic as well as fate mapping were used to investigate the relationship between regional expression of TFs by NSCs and their acquisition of distinct neural lineage fates. Our results supported an early priming of NSCs to produce defined cell types depending of their spatial location in the SVZ and identified HOPX as a marker of a subpopulation biased to generate astrocytes. Objective 2: I established a cortical lesion model, which allowed the targeted ablation of neurons of defined cortical layers to investigate the regenerative capacity and appropriate specification of postnatal cortical progenitors. Quantitative assessment of surrounding brain regions, including the dorsal SVZ, revealed a transient response of defined progenitor populations. Objective 3: We developed a transgenic mouse line, i.e. Neurog2CreERT2Ai14, which allowed the conditional labeling of birth-dated cohorts of glutamatergic progenitors and their progeny. We used fate-mapping approaches to show that a large fraction of Glu progenitors persist in the postnatal forebrain after closure of the cortical neurogenesis period. Postnatal Glu progenitors do not accumulate during embryonal development but are produced by embryonal RGs that persist after birth in the dorsal SVZ and continue to give rise to cortical neurons, although with low efficiency. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulation of transcriptional programs, which correlates with the gradual decline in cortical neurogenesis observed in vivo. Altogether, these data highlight the potential of transcriptomic studies to unravel but also to approach fundamental questions such as transcriptional changes occurring in a population of progenitors over time and participating to changes in their fate potential. This knowledge will be key in developing innovative approaches to recruit and promote the generation of selected cell types, including neuronal subtypes in pathologies.


Abstract The development of new methods in analysing package designs using the finite-element method is of increasing importance. Package designers are increasingly applying the growing opportunities afforded by numerical methods to perform safety assessments for their products; this also requires suitable methods for competent authorities like BAM to verify applicants' results. This paper gives a topical overview of experiences and trends within the complex field of finite-element design testing. First some general and more formal aspects are described concerning the selection of the correct finite-element program and documentation of modelling, material properties, boundaries and calculation results, including their interpretation. To give a reliable basis for applicants in Germany BAM has recently drawn up and published a Finite Element Guideline. Secondly, actual technical questions are discussed: these are of wide interest and range from mechanical reflections on cask drop and extreme impact scenarios to thermal reflections on the removal of decay heat and fire scenarios. Examples from BAM's work on finite-element development activities are given to demonstrate the great opportunities as well as the difficulties of using finite-element methods for package safety analysis and design testing.


The aim of this article is to present the diffusion of educational institutions for Italian young children and the way in which it is significantly linked to women's associations and the initiatives of illuminated thinkers. The article reconstructs the history of the right to education for early childhood in Italy in the period between the Unification of Italy (1861) and the first decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these initiatives emphasized the need to provide educational institutions for young girls and young boys, not only for the purposes of care or hygiene; but often with important educational principles such as attention to spaces, relationships with families, and others. The article also points out how the women's association also fought hard for adequate professional training of teachers and teachers.


D-Flow is a software system designed for the development of interactive and immersive virtual reality applications, for the purpose of clinical research and rehabilitation. Key concept of the D-Flow software system is that the subject is regarded as an integral part of a real-time feedback loop, in which multi-sensory input devices measure the behavior of the subject, while output devices return motor-sensory, visual and auditory feedback to the subject. The D-Flow software system allows an operator to define feedback strategies through a flexible and extensible application development framework, based on visual programming. We describe the requirements, architecture and design considerations of the D-Flow software system, as well as a number of applications that have been developed using D-Flow, both for clinical research and rehabilitation.


Redox flow battery technology is a new electrical energy storage technology with virtues of high efficiency and large scale. It can meet the great demands of promoting the wide application of the renewable resources,pushing the construction of smart grid and achieving the target for energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper,we focus on the introduction to the working principles,characteristics,RD progress and development trend of the all-vanadium,sodium polysulfide/bromine and zinc/bromine redox flow batteries. Also we discuss other types of flow batteries. Finally,the key problems limiting the technology development are pointed out and the suggestions for future research are given.


Background: ICU infections are major health care problems affecting millions globally each year. ICU mortality of infectious patients is increasing and as high as 14.31% to 45.4%. The objective of this study was to determine microbiological culture profile, their antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment outcome of patients admitted to intensive care units.Methods and materials: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in all patients with microbiological culture and susceptibility results after admission to intensive care units from January 2019 to December 2019. A modified, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Correlation and regression analysis was done for association. P value of <0.05 with CI of 95% was taken as clinically significant.Results: A total of 106 patients with 173 culture results were analyzed. Majority 68(64.2%) were males and the mean age of the patients were 35.08 ± 1.6 years. The most common source of infection was the pulmonary system 84(54.5%) followed by urinary tract infection 26(16.9%). Forty-four (25.43%) of cultures had growth. Gram negative microorganisms were identified in 35(68.63%) of isolates and Acinetobacter species accounts for 10(28.57%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli 7(13.725%) each. Generally, higher resistance was observed with cephalosporins and penicillins, whereas sensitivity to carbapenems, PIP/TAZ, and amikacin was satisfactory. The mortality associated with intensive care infections was found to be 32.1%.Conclusion: This study revealed that the mortality rate associated with ICU infection was 32.1%. Early identification, targeted provision of antimicrobials based on microbiological culture and susceptibility result has to be implemented to have better outcome. Designs of future multicenter and large studies are crucial to improve outcome of critically ill patients.


David Brewster's Kaleidoscope caused a sensation in early nineteenth-century London and introduced a new and potent visual metaphor which still animates modern parlance. Yet the kaleidoscope's considerable cultural impact has received scant critical attention, partly because it lacks the uncanny proto-cinematic verisimilitude of the diorama, the panorama, or the stereoscope. This article reconstructs this overlooked reception history, moving back in time from recent theoretical engagements with the kaleidoscope to David Brewster's own account of his invention and its contemporary reception by both consumers and writers. This history reveals a sustained interrogation of the concept and experience of a unique form of visual transformation that never allows the eye to rest.


The paper introduce several realization methods as for speedup of ballscrew units,meanwhile,which suggests some measures to solve related problems caused by high-speed of ballscrew units.


Set indexed partial sums of regression residuals obtained from the fit of a regression model to spatial data are used to define the spatial residual process. Limit processes are obtained for these partial sum sets. Statistics are derived for testing a spatial array of observations from a regression model for no change in parameters against possible alternatives involving change of parameters at unknown boundaries. These test statistics are defined in terms of set indexed partial sums, and distributional results based on properties of spatial residual processes are obtained for selected change-boundary statistics. Estimation of the locations of boundaries separating spatial sets of observations is discussed. This methodology is then applied to two sets of data.


The article offers a new architecture of the data bus for digital control system that satisfies the most modern requirements and is designed for use in mechatronic systems. On the physical layer, the new bus is compatible with RS-485 and Ethernet 10/100/1000 Mbps standards. A high level of fault tolerance on the architecture level supports various methods of redundancy devices and cabling. High accuracy is achieved by synchronizing the devices by feedback on transport delays at the bus, and a small amount of cabling by the use of half-duplex transmission. One of the key features provided by the tire is a possibility of realization of slaves on FPGA with low-logic capacity.


Female rats were given a low dose of streptozotocin (25~30 mg/kg, iv) followed by a high sucrose-fat diet containing 52% sucrose, 22% fat, 18% protein and 4.8 cal./g chow. After being fed for 8 or 18 weeks, these rats showed more marked gain in body weight and accumulation of fat in adipose tissue as compared to those of the control group. Fatty liver, high serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and significant impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were also observed in the experimental group. Furthermore, microscopic examination of the pancreatic islets revealed hypertrophy and degranulation of beta cells, as well as transformation of acinar cells into beta cells at the end of 18 weeks' feeding. Diffuse intercapillary glomerulosclerosis of the kidney, a typical complication of diabetes was also observed.
It appears that there are many similarities between this animal model and the human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of the obesity type. We presume that this model may be used as a tool, not only for the study of the relationship between diabetes and obesity and some complications of diabetes, but also for the study of the pharmacological effects of some hypoglycemic agents.


The influence of gamma ray doses (150 Gy, 300 Gy) and genotypes o n the induction of haploid plantlets obtained by irradiated pollen technique was s tudied in cucumber. As a result of the present study, different genotypes, gamma ray dose were effective on the rate of plants regeneration. In comparison with the rate of plants regeneration on the same genotype and different gamma ray dos es, 150 Gy was better than 300 Gy. In comparison with the same gamma ray dose an d different genotypes, 7307 had high rate of plants regeneration. 0548 had low r ate of plants regeneration. In comparison with the different gamma ray dose and different genotypes, the rate of low dose (150 Gy) was different among four cult ivars. But the rate of high dose (300 Gy) had two extreme.


When you first purchased your current call center software, it was a top-of-the-line solution with all of the latest features.  But lately, you've ...


Antibody production in chicken is comparatively beneficial with respect to easy availability of birds and their management, relaxed handling in natural host. The study was attempted to raise polyclonal antibodies in broilers to examine their diagnostic and therapeutic potency simultaneously against avian Influenza virus subtypes and Newcastle disease virus. Healthy broilers were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Birds in group A, B, C and D showed 1024, 512, 1024 and 1024 peak anti-influenza H5N1-HI antibody, anti-influenza H7N3-HI antibody, anti-influenza H9N2-HI antibody and anti NDV-HI antibody titer respectively on 42 day post vaccination. Whereas, therapeutic studies indicates 100% protection in naturally infected laboratory confirmed NDV commercial broilers in contrast to AIV H9N2 infected broilers where 80% protection is achieved. Polyclonal antiserum can be used for large-scale screening of AI and NDV carrier commercial and wild birds. Moreover, current study suggests that purified polyclonal antiserum could be used in successful treatment of avian Influenza virus infected broilers.


Cardiac hypertrophy is regulated by a large intracellular signal transduction network. Each of the many signaling pathways in this network contributes uniquely to the control of cell growth. In the last few years, it has become apparent that multimolecular signaling complexes or 'signalosomes' are important for mediating crosstalk between different signaling pathways. These complexes integrate upstream signals and control downstream effectors. In the cardiac myocyte, the protein mAKAPβ serves as a scaffold for a large signalosome that is responsive to upstream cAMP, Ca2+, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. The mAKAPβ signalosome is important for the control of NFATc transcription factor activity and for the overall induction of myocyte hypertrophy. IUBMB Life, 59: 163‐169, 2007


Background: Chitosan glutamate and polyacrylic acid (e.g., carbomer 974P) are known to modulate the tight junctions in the intestinal wall and increase permeability and blood exposure of drugs absorbed orally by the paracellular route. Aim: To assess the impact of chitosan glutamate and carbomer 974P on the absorption of paracellularly absorbed model drug, acyclovir, in vitro and in rat in vivo. Methods: The influence of chitosan glutamate and carbomer 974P (alone and in combination with EDTA–Na2) on the in vitro Caco-2 permeability and oral pharmacokinetic profile in the rat of acyclovir was investigated. Results: In the presence of chitosan glutamate, the apparent permeability of acyclovir across Caco2 monolayer increased 4.1 times relative to control. This increase was accompanied by a significant (∼60%) decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance values indicating opening of the tight junctions in the cell monolayer. In rat, chitosan glutamate doubled oral bioavailability of acyclovir and tripled the amount of acyclovir excreted unchanged into urine. In contrast, the effect of carbomer 974P was not statistically significant at 5% level. Conclusions: In conclusion, chitosan glutamate (1–3%) and chitosan glutamate (1%)/EDTA–Na2 (0.01%) are effective excipients to increase permeability of acyclovir across Caco-2 cell monolayers and the oral absorption in the rat in vivo.


ISBN upgrade has brought the huge change to the book collection and book catalogue in libraries.This article analyzed the difference between 10 ISBN and 13 ISBN.This paper was focused on the influence of book collection and book catalogue in libraryies,and finally proposed some improvement measure.


Alternatives to incarceration are the shared mission of the Veterans Justice Outreach (VJO) program in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the law enforcement community's Crisis Intervention Team (CIT). This article is unique as it presents a collaborative model of these two programs. Further, it outlines a strategy to facilitate care and services for military former service members who are unserved or underserved, or who may not readily identify as veterans. This innovative alliance has the potential to proactively engage former service members in treatment, optimize police intervention, and inform future research on justice-involved veterans.


(2) x ( q J ( a ± ) C l t i = 1 , . . . , k , q = 0 , 1 . . . . , k where a $ a . < . . . < b , 2 $ k ^ n, 51! q< = n, f e C(I><E ,R) , 1 K 1=1 1 I = [ a , b ] and C^ are given o o n s t a n t s . For the s p e o i a l forms of ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) , a g r e a t v a r i e t y of e x l s t e n o e and uniqueness t h e o rems have been proved by many a u t h o r s I n d i v e r s e ways [ l ] [ l 8 ] . The ob jeo t of t h i s paper I s t o p resen t a u n i f i e d approaoh f o r t r e a t i n g the e x l s t e n o e , un iqueness , e r r o r e s t i m a t i o n and s t a b i l i t y of the s o l u t i o n s of ( 1 ) , (2) by reduo ing i t i n t o an e q u i v a l e n t i n t e g r a l equa t ion and by using the g e n e r a l method of suooess ive approximat ions based on the i d e a of Wa£ewski [18] ( s e e , a l s o [ 7 ] , [10]} . An i n t e r e s t i n g f e a t u r e of our approaoh t o the problem i s t h a t the p roofs of our main r e s u l t s a re muoa s imple r and oan be extended t o the d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of boundary va lue problems t r e a t e d b e f o r e by using v a r i o u s methods (see [ l ] [ 3 ] , [12 ] , [13] , [15] , [ 1 6 ] ) .


Extreme halophiles are organisms that require 1.5 M-5.5 M NaCl concentrations (5.5 M is the saturation limit of NaCl) for their optimum growth. Over 100 species have been described as extreme halophiles, and were isolated from solar saltern, salt deposit, rock salt, and sometimes from non-salty environment such as forest soil. During our recent attempt to isolate extreme halophiles, 13 strains including candidate novel species have been isolated from rock salt of various localities. Based on the phylogenetic status, 12 strains were strongly suggested to be 3 kinds of novel species (one of archaea and two of bacteria). Interestingly, Himarayan rock salt gave three different species including two novel species.


This study aims to identify potential in the Lake Tajwid Nature Tourism area in Langgam Village and analyze the Lake Tajwid Nature Tourism potential in Langgam Sub-District, Langgam District, Pelalawan Regency. This research was carried out in Lake Tajwid Nature Tourism in Langgam Sub-District, Langgam District, Pelalawan Regency, this research was conducted for two months from August to September 2018. Lake Tajwid Nature Tourism has quite good potential and many such as the potential of flora and fauna, potential beauty nature, the potential for uniqueness, the potential for cultural attractions such as the annual event that is often held, namely bathing in balimau potang mogan and togak tonggul. The results of the analysis of the potential of ODTWA in Lake Tajwid Nature Tourism area obtained the highest value, namely on the assessment criteria for Land-Based Tourism Objects of 98.97%.


In May 2012, The Filson Historical Society hosted a three-day conference entitled, "National Issues, Local Struggles: The Civil Rights Movement in the Ohio Valley and Beyond." Along with the event, Special Collections staff, in collaboration with Curator Jim Holmberg and Director Mark Wetherington, prepared an exhibit entitled, "20th Century African American Collections at The Filson" that provided an overview of some of The Filson's African American research materials drawn from the manuscript, photograph, library, and museum collections. These items reflected a wide spectrum of twentieth century African American life—family, home, work, education, military service, religious and social organizations, racial prejudice and violence, and the Civil Rights Movement. The exhibit underscored the experiences of women, men, and children in the long struggle against segregation and the barriers to economic, social, and political opportunity, a struggle that continues today. This collections essay, based in part on the exhibit, seeks to highlight The Filson's holdings on the important roles played by African Americans in the Ohio Valley region during the twentieth century.


One hundred and forty serum samples from Ethiopians from three tribes of the Sidamo group were tested for their Gm and Inv phenotypes. The Gm antigens 1,2,3,5,6,13,14,21 were determined on all samples, and Gm(15) and Gm(16) were determined on selected samples. All samples were tested for Inv(1), and those positive for Inv(1) were tested for Inv(3).

The samples fall into 18 Gm phenotypes and require seven haplotypes to explain them. The data indicate that these Ethiopians have Negroid, Caucasoid, and Bushmanoid ancestry, with the latter constituting a relatively small proportion of the ancestry and the former two contributing about equally to the remainder.

The data are consistent with the conclusions of cultural anthropologists.


AIM: To assess the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection to the antagonist muscle in paralytic strabismus. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of botulinum toxin a injection into the antagonist muscle in cases of paralytic strabismus to alleviate diplopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a tertiary eye care hospital based prospective interventional study in the department of Orthoptics over a period from October 2011 to October 2013. 36 patients with paralytic strabismus of recent onset within 3 months, with chief complaint of double vision were included. RESULTS: The study data analysis of 36 patients of paralytic strabismus of recent onset (within 3 months) with chief complaints of double vision showed age wise distribution as 3(8.33%) in 0-20 years, 16(44.44%) in 21-40 years, 16(44.44%) in 41-60 years, 1(2.78%) > 60 years. gender wise 26(72.22%) males, 10 (27.28%) females, aetiology wise 15(41.67%) were diabetic, 4(11.11%) were traumatic, 11(30.56%) were Idiopathic, 2(5.56%) were due to CSOM and 4(11.11%) due to Diabetes and Hypertension. All patients were treated with botulinum toxin injection to the antagonist nonoperatic muscle and were followed at an interval of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Thorough clinical examination and Diplopia charting were done before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: Injection botulinum into the antagonist muscle during the first three months after the onset allows the patients to enjoy and appreciate fusion in primary gaze without necessity for head turn, Prevents contracture of antagonist muscle. Thus botulinum toxin is useful in the treatment of acute paretic loss of ocular muscle function when surgical treatment of the ocular muscles is not yet possible but the patient is obviously disturbed by diplopia or forced head posture. The procedure is simple, safe and effective method.


The automated segmentation of blood vessels helps the ophthalmologist for early detection and possible treatment of retinal diseases. This paper presents a novel method for automatic segmentation of blood vessels using graph cut method. Initially, we applied mean filter, convolution by Gaussian kernel, shade correction and top-hat transformation as preprocessing steps for enhancement of blood vessels. It significantly enhance retinal image while suppress the noise and non-vessel structures keeping vessel information. Then vascular structure is extracted using graph cut segmentation. The proposed approach is tested on publicly available DRIVE dataset. Performance analysis is carried out and compared with other methods. The values achieved with our novel method for area under curve, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are 0.9605, 0.9626, 0.7261 and 0.9806 respectively. This performance parameter comparison shows the effectiveness of our method for improving the segmentation results and hence detects blood vessels accurately.


In this work, a polymer heterogeneous Pt-containing catalyst based on a mesoporous matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) is proposed for the process of hydrolytic oxidation of cellobiose. Studies of the processes of hydrolytic oxidation of disaccharides are the first step towards the development of technologies for the direct conversion of plant polysaccharides, primarily cellulose, into aldonic and aldaric acids, which are widely used in chemical synthesis and various industries. It was shown that the use of Ptcontaining catalytic systems based on a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene in the process of hydrolytic oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic and glucaric acids is promising. The yield of gluconic and glucaric acids reaches 21.6 and 63.4%, respectively.


It was briefly described that the reason for mould growth in leather,the harm of mildews,measures against mould for leather making.The domestic and overseas researches on the performances of fungicides used in leather in recent years were summarized.


This patient developed pseudomembranous colitis within seven days of starting antibiotics. Despite adequate doses of vancomycin and clearance of both the organism and its toxin from the faeces he did not improve clinically or histologically. The reason for this is not clear, but possibly the underlying disease process or the corticosteroid treatment may have modified the therapeutic response. Price and Davies5 divided the histological appearances of pseudomembranous colitis into three categories: type 1 is characterised by the "summit" lesion; type 2 by the pseudomembrane; and type 3, the most severe and advanced lesion, by structural necrosis and disease of the lamina propria. They suggested that the type 3 lesion may be due to a Shwartzman reaction with localised intravascular coagulation and microthrombosis leading to ischaemic necrosis. Our patient developed the type 3 lesion before vancomycin was started, and we suggest that by this stage the disease may be irreversible and unaffected by a bacteriological response. If this is so we think that in pseudomembranous colitis, especially in the presence of other serious disease, treatment with vancomycin should not be delayed.


This study aims to determine and explain the effect of reputation and academic service quality on student satisfaction, at the Interstudi Design College (STDI) in Jakarta. This type of research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. For reputation with Charles J. Fomburn corporate reputation theory. Measuring service quality according to the theory of Parasuraman & Zeithaml (2012). Continuing customer satisfaction students with the theory of Parasuraman & Zeithaml (2012). The research was conducted at The Interstudi Design College (STDI) with a population of all active student the semester totaling 500 students. Distribution of samples by distributing questionnaires to selected students as primary data and Interviews with STDI leaders. Where as secondary data with literature. The number of samples with the Slovin formula, and the stratifield random sampling method. Technical analysis of data using multiple linier regression. Thus research resulted that. Firstly, Significant effect between reputation on STDI student satisfaction, Secondly, Significant effect between academic service quality on STDI student satisfaction. Thirdly Significant effect between reputation and academic service quality together towards STDI student satisfaction. Reputation must always be maintained and the quality of academic services also so that students get satisfaction. The level of satisfaction students of educational service users is a measure of the success of higher education institution in managing it. So that it is expected to increase the total new students STDI.


In this thesis is solid problematics of using local warning systems within the protection of population in case of floods. For this purpose are used when designing a workplace, portals with the precitipation maps and a monitoring. Single outputs of local warning systems, web portals and software tools are used for proposal of workplace which should be helpfull in case of protection against the floods.


We develop a first-principles approach for accurate conductance calculations of covalently bound molecular junctions. Our approach extends the DFT+Σ method, an approximate GW-based self-energy corr...


In recent years,the genome-wide allelic differentiation scan and candidate gene analysis results show that signaling pathway-related genes that regulated by hypoxia inducible factors were highly expressed in the Tibetan community,and preliminarily revealed the mechanism of highland animals adapt to the plateau low oxygen environment;the study discovered a series of candidate genes which play important roles on the Tibetan people adapt to high altitude hypoxia environment,especially the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α(HIF-2α) related gene plays a critical role in the hypoxia-inducible pathway.Therefore,strengthening the research on HIF-2α is helpful to further understand the Tibetan people hypoxia adaptation mechanism.In this paper,the HIF-2α structure,body distribution,expression and regulation process were systematically discussed,we also focused on the HIF-2α research progress in the Tibetan population,the future research and development direction of HIF-2α were also mentioned in this paper.


People of various professions, such as merchants, seamen, statesmen, diplomats and many others have always been using languages of various occupations and professions. As Hutchinson and Waters (1987) put it, after the Second World War English becomes very important in the domain of economy owing to the economic predominance of the Unites States which made it international language of technology and commerce and established its status of lingua franca. Therefore, of all the languages for specific purposes, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been studied and learnt most. There is an immense number of scientists dealing with ESP, approaching it from various scientific angles, predominantly from the linguistics point of view. This paper adopts the approach of Foreign Language Teaching (Glottodidactics), focusing primarily on the learner and his/her needs, as long time ago established and suggested by Hutchinson and Waters (1987) and pursued later by other theoreticians and practitioners of ESP (cf. Carver 1983; Strevens 1988; Dudley-Evans and St. John 1998, and others). One of the basic aims of ESP teaching is how to help learners, non-native speakers, achieve lexical competences as similar to those of native speakers, which includes the reception and production of multi-word lexical units (MWLUs). Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide both theoretical background and practical guidelines for teaching and learning MWLUs in ESP, focusing on their subcategory for which we propose the term multi-noun lexical units MNLUs (Cro. viseimenicki nazivi VIN). While there is a substantial number of authors dealing with the theory of MWLUs (Halliday, 1985; Kvam, 1990; Stambuk 1997; Fabb, 1998; Huddleston and Pullum, 2010; Zgusta, 2010; Spiranec, 2011; Leech and Svartvik, 2013; Fercec and Lierman-Zeljak, 2015, and many others), the works approaching MWLUs and MNLUs from the FLT (Glottodidactics) point of view seem to be sporadic (Limaye and Pompian, 1991; Izquierdo and Bailey, 1998; Master 2003, 2004) tending to cease with Carrió Pastor in 2008. This paper revitalizes the problem of MWLUs, namely MNLUs, putting tertiary education teachers and students at the forefront, offering underlying strategies of teaching and learning MNLUs, thus alleviating the problem teachers of ESP are usually faced with: the absence of readily made material. Abstract: One of the most challenging aspects of teaching non-native speakers at the tertiary education level is to develop lexical competences, which include competences in reception and production of multi-word lexical units (MWLUs), especially in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), which uses them to a much greater extent than General English. MWLUs are primarily found in written language, which is of particular interest in this paper, since the teaching of ESP at the tertiary education level predominantly relies on written materials. MWLUs allow a sequence of modifiers placed in front of a head noun, without functional words assisting in the reception, i.e. in the recognition of semantic relations among them. This paper deals with the most widespread subcategory of MWLUs which we have named multi-noun lexical units (MNLUs), referring to MWLUs consisting exclusively of nouns. The paper offers proven comprehensive teaching and learning strategies to be used in the classroom, since the majority of works dealing with MNLUs approach them in a theoretical way, and just a few deal with MNLUs taking into account the Foreign Language Teaching FLT (Glottodidactics) point of view.


The prosperity and popularity of Buddhist worship in society of the Tang Dynasty influenced the current social life in every way.In essence,Buddhism was a church established by males and predominated by the structure of male power,but this didn't have much effect on the women of the Tang Dynasty's enthusiasm and persistence in worshipping Buddhism.One of the leading reasons for this was that the Chinesized Mahayana in the Tang Dynasty offered an equal right to the broad women to be disengaged spiritually,to experience emotionally and to participate in activity of religious society like men and provided those female worshippers who had trouble acting social roles with some chance and place to embody the value of their own to obtain a new sense of identity in religious activity.


This paper introduces the simple method of the mathematical modeling and simulation of current-voltage characteristics for photovoltaic panel. The aim of this modeling is to simply the nonlinear I-V model of photovoltaic panel to easily apply the model to the circuit simulators such as SPICE. So this paper is finding the parameters for the nonlinear I-V equations based on only the data such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, voltage and current at Maximum power point and temperature coefficient for voltage and current at the nominal condition or the standard test condition which are obtained from manufacturer's datasheet. The model in this paper is simple and has no iteration process during parameter calculation, which makes model complex and time consuming. This model can be suitable and powerful tools for circuit simulator and the modeling and simulation of the MPP tracker including solar panel.


FEM analysis is carried out to clarify the strength of double hull Afra-Max tanker which has neither center line longitudinal tight bulkhead nor swash bulkhead. And following results are obtained. The depth of double bottom is most important item on the design viewpoint of double hull Afra-Max tanker, and the deformations at bottom and side shell of double hull Afra-Max tanker are larger than those of ordinary single hull tanker, The bottom girder and side stringer are effective to reduce the deformation of double bottom and side shell, especially to reduce the relative deformation between the bulkhead and the adjacent transverse web. And the side stringer already attached to double hull tanker is very useful to reduce the stress in transverse web. The shearing stress is dominant at the point where large von Mises equivalent stress is calculated in transverse web, which can be reduced by using thicker plate.


This paper presents an inventory model with linearly time dependent rate and shortages under trade credits. We show that the total cost per unit is convex function of time. Some properties have also been discussed based an optimal solution. The results are discussed with the help of numerical examples. Sensitivity analyses with a variety of numerical results showing the effect of model parameters on key performance measures are demonstrated. Mathematica 7 software is used for finding numerical solutions.


Cryotherapy in the Upper Air and Food Passages The therapeutic possibilities of using extreme cold were realized about 1963, when Irving Cooper developed the cryosurgical probe. A wide range of refrigerants have been used; liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide have been the main agents employed. A cooling velocity approaching 100°C/min achieves the lesion best of all. Tissues must be refrigerated to at least -20°C, and for the most part this is realized only by using refrigeration to temperatures far below that level. In addition, the lesion is only achieved by sweeping the tissues through very steep temperature gradients quite rapidly in a series of freeze-thaw cycles. The lesion is remarkable in being painless and largely without cedema, and on mucosal surfaces little is to be seen immediately after the lesion has been induced. The mucosa becomes slightly bluish, and thereafter, in 2 or 3 days, a shallow, painless ulcer develops. This heals slowly in 2 or 3 weeks without scarring. The final resolution is with a rather thin, but healthy, mucosal surface. A series of lesions which present in the upper air and food passages have been treated with this tool. Although the mucosa resolves very well after the cryosurgical lesion has been induced, skin heals more poorly, often with blistering, occasionally with minor scarring. The lesion may well be caused by an avascular necrosis since there is, of course, prolonged vascular stasis following this type of refrigeration. It may also be due to shunting of electrolytes between various compartments in cells, following the break up of cell and nuclear membranes by the formation and disruption of tiny ice crystals in the various cellular and extracellular compartments of the tissues. Two types of application are in common use: (1) With a cryosurgical probe, that is, with contact between a lesion and a deeply refrigerated probe through which a refrigerant is perfused. (2) By use of a 'cryospray', which is a direct jet of refrigerant gas on to the surface to be treated. Mucose may be treated with local anmesthetic or even without any anesthetic. A series of three freeze-thaw cycles initiates the lesion, and it is notable that the first ice ball created is not as large as the second one, and in its turn the second one is not as large as the third ice ball. This represents the immediate physical change that takes place in frozen tissues. Vascular lesions become bluish and swollen and slowly resolve with the disappearance of the angioma and its replacement with very small amounts of scar tissue. Papillomas become greyish, begin to slough and slowly resolve with a shallow, painless ulcer and the reappearance of smooth mucosa. Leukoplakia perhaps represents one of the most suitable targets for cryotherapy in the upper air and food passages. Conventional therapy by stripping and grafting these areas is troublesome, tedious and sometimes uncomfortable. However, the cryoprobe or, perhaps better, a fine cryospray will strip the. abnormal epithelium and the resolution which takes place is, once again, with thin normal mucosa. One of the major benefits of cryotherapy has been the palliation it has afforded in malignancies uncontrolled by surgery or radiotherapy, but which are producing great pain in accessible parts of the upper air and food passages. There is no question that large, excavating, ulcerated, bleeding and extremely painful tumours in the base of the skull or fixed in the walls of the upper air and food passages can be palliated by repeated freeze-thaw cycles under general anmsthetic. Well-differentiated carcinomas have responded more favourably than anaplastic and invasive growths. The elderly have done particularly well. It must be noted that collagen networks and bone survive the cryotherapeutic lesion, retaining their architecture but losing their cellular structure. Cryotherapy does not breach the walls of the large vessels. Capillary hemangiomas, particularly small ones, are ablated readily by cryotherapy. It seems probable that the limitations of cryotherapy have now become apparent, and it is now to gain entry to widespread usage. It has obvious and evident advantages over other methods, and it also seems probable that liquid nitrogen refrigeration, now readily available, will be used in most cryosurgical procedures. The repeatability of the procedure is also a great asset, as is the brief stay in hospital of any patient, and its painlessness.


The Swedish Landscape is covered with about 9.3 million hectares wetland. Wetlands are important ecosystems with high species diversity and special ecological circumstances, but are threatened in m ...


Polymorphism of highly polymorphic triplet repeats CTG of the 3'-untranslated region of the myotonin protein kinase gene and CAG of the genes associated with dentatorobral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA, or Hew River syndrome) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) was analyzed in several ethnic populations of Russia. A difference in allele spectra of the three genes was demonstrated for populations differing in ethnic origin.


Stone column reinforced composite foundation of highway under static and seismic load is simulated by numerical method. Fist, calculation model was built up, and verified by in situ test. Then the whole construction process of highway stone column reinforced composite foundation is simulated, after 3 years of traffic load, a seismic load was imposed on bottom of the model. Calculation result show that: in construction and run time period, drainage effect of stone column is significant, when pile length reached to 12m, maximum pore pressure in middle of stone column reduced to about 4 kPa, when pile length reached to 10m, effect of pile length on settlement is small; composite foundation has smaller maximum horizontal displacement in stone column; surface and toe of embankment slope is apt to liquefy under seismic load, stone column can eliminate liquefaction potential to a certain extent, especially in composite foundation range.


Raman spectra are reported for the n1 bands of germane and germane-d3. Fourier transformation of the band shapes provided vibrational autocorrelation functions. These functions were modeled by a memory-function procedure. Evidence for resonant vibrational energy transfer and higher order cumulant-expansion terms was found in an isotopic-dilution study.


Although the performance of imaging sensors is constantly improving, there are still several physical and practical constraints that limit the final image quality. In the last two decades, two related categories of problems have been studied independently in the image restoration literature: super-resolution and demosaicing. A closer look at these problems reveals the relation between them, and as conventional color digital cameras suffer from both low-spatial resolution and color-filtering, it is reasonable to address them in a unified context. In this paper, we propose a fast and robust hybrid method of super-resolution and demosaicing, based on a MAP estimation technique by minimizing a multi-term cost function. Finally we show that the minimization of the total cost function is relatively easy and fast. Experimental results on synthetic and real data sets confirm the effectiveness of our method.


Abstract : A commonly cited drawback of narrowband systems such as the DoD standard linear predictive coding (LPC) algorithm is that speaker recognition is poor. Yet it is the opinion of many users that they frequently recognize the speaker. Tape recordings of 24 speakers conversing over an unprocessed channel and over an LPC voice processing system were subjected to listening tests. Twenty four co workers listened to the tapes and attempted to identify each speaker from a list of about 40 people in the same branch. Prior to the recognition tests, each of the listeners also rated his or her familiarity with each of the speakers and the distinctiveness of each speaker's voice. There was some loss in voice recognition over LPC, but the recognition rate was still quite high. Unprocessed voices were correctly identified 88% of the time, whereas the same people talking over the LPC system were correctly identified 69% of the time. Talker familiarity was significantly correlated with correct identifications. There was no significant correlation between the rated distinctiveness of the speaker and correct identifications. However, familiarity and distinctiveness ratings were highly correlated.


An active power filter based on a three-level neutral point clamped T-type converter with LCL input filter is presented in the paper. The main goal of the paper is the analysis of a control system that ensures independent control of a current in each phase. The presented control method of the filter allows reactive power compensation and/or a higher harmonics reduction to be achieved in each phase independently, with the possibility of control tan (φ) coefficient. This allows the power flow between the phases to be minimalized and reduces the RMS values of filter currents without the need to balance grid currents. The analysis presents the possibility of an operation in different modes, which was verified by experimental results. The results have been obtained in a 20 ARMS laboratory system described in the paper. The results reveal relatively low power losses, which are a feature of the selected three-level T-type topology. Additionally, that topology, when compared to a two-level one, ensures the reduction in current ripples with the same parameters of passive components.


A software package used to calculate electric field intensity and potential distribution of SF6 circuit breaker in GIS based on ANSYS is designed.Nowadays,along with the structure miniaturization of GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear),electric field intensity of three phases of GIS will affect each other,which will bring the uneven distribution defect of electric field intensity in GIS.The three-dimensional electric field intensity distribution in GIS is computed to guide and optimize its internal structure,so that the electric field intensity distribution status will be improved in each phase or whole field domain,and insulated medium breakdown due to excessiveness of local electric field intensity can be avoided.It is especially important to design GIS structural dimension along the increasingly miniaturization direction.APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language) and a re-development language of ANSYS have good and convenient parameters and operation feature.In this paper,the program based on APDL is developed with VC,providing users a simple interface by encapsulating the GUI(Graphical User Interface) operation of ANSYS.All user operations will be mapped to build an APDL script to implement parametric modeling,loading,solving and post-processing etc.With this software,engineers without mastering knowledge of ANSYS can also easily compute the three-dimensional electric field intensity and potential distribution of GIS by using FEM(finite element method).This software is really practical and flexible and has simple operation process.It also supports multiple working test modes to compute their corresponding electric field intensity and potential distribution.


An, Duk-Ho. 2016. On some expressions of plurality in Korean and their implications: With reference to Chinese and Japanese. Linguistic Research 33(2), 205-227. Li (1999) and Ochi (2012) examine the behavior of the plural suffixes in Chinese and Japanese, i.e., men and tachi, respectively, and argue that their behavior sheds light on the syntax of noun phrases in the languages in question. In this paper, I extend Li's and Ochi's analyses to equivalent expressions of plurality in Korean and consider their implications. In particular, I examine the properties of tung and tul, focusing largely on the former, an element that has not received any attention in the generative syntactic literature on Korean. I show that unlike their Chinese and Japanese counterparts, tung and tul show complementarity with respect to the collective-plural dichotomy Li and Ochi discuss. I argue that these interpretive differences correlate with the structural status of tung and tul on the one hand and the types of nouns that these elements are attached to on the other. In addition to sheding light on the structure of noun phrases in Korean more generally, the discussion also has implications for the structure of numeral classifier constructions, which has been rather controversial. (Konkuk University)


Gothic leader struggled to distinguish between the inhabitants of Rome and the eastern Roman army who sought to 'liberate' them from Gothic rule. K. also considers the general agreement amongst authors (Marcellinus Comes, Prokopios and Jordanes) that the western empire had fallen, but notes their differing reaction to the important date of 476. There is a final switch of direction in the sixth chapter, 'Apostolic History and the Church of (New) Rome'. This chapter covers events from the divisive Council of Chalcedon in 451 and follows the rhetoric of the eastern emperors and Roman popes as the former promoted the importance of the See of Constantinople and the latter sought to protect the position of the Roman papacy. At the start of his career, Justinian had been eager to heal the Acacian schism that divided Constantinople and Rome, but as his priorities changed and his desire for unification of his empire and papal compliance grew, his role in church matters became more pronounced (reflected in the subheading From Supplicant to Master: Justinian and the Church of Rome, p. 212). K. suggests that, once the Roman west was no longer held by the Romans after 476, it was difficult for the popes to maintain their ecclesiastical importance to the Roman east. K. argues, therefore, that the politics of memory were equally important to the popes in this endeavour as they were to the Constantinopolitan writers discussed in the first five chapters. There is a lot to unpack in this complex monograph, which combines very detailed textual analysis with sweeping arguments for change in how we approach the sixth century. As it stands, K. makes a convincing argument, but we should bear in mind that, in the hope to establish a 'non-theological intellectual history of sixth-century Constantinople' (p. 6), he restricts his study to quite a limited pool of authors. It would be interesting, within this context, to consider other authors (such as Malalas, another bureaucrat) and to explore the links between Lydos, Cassiodorus and Priscian. K.'s consideration of the critical responses to Justinian's version of Romanness perhaps gives a different emphasis to the monograph since its core becomes a mostly negative appraisal of the emperor's justification for his reform legislation. However, the importance of the Roman republic in Constantinopolitans' view of their history and the extent to which the sixth-century authors accepted the notion of 476 as a significant date for the 'fall' of the western Roman empire are unifying themes.


The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of organizational support and compensation on performance through job satisfaction of tugboat crews at PT. Aman Bahari Kuala Tanjung directly or indirectly. The approach used in this research is a causal approach. The population in this study were all tugboat crews at PT. Aman Bahari Kuala Tanjung. The sample in this study using a saturated sample of 57 tugboat crew at PT. Aman Bahari Kuala Tanjung. Data collection techniques in this study used documentation, observation, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study uses a quantitative approach using statistical analysis using the Auter Model Analysis test, Inner Model Analysis, and Hypothesis Testing. Data processing in this study uses the PLS (Partial Least Square) software program. The results of this study prove that directly organizational support, compensation and job satisfaction have a significant effect on performance and indirectly organizational support and compensation have a significant effect on performance through crew job satisfaction. tugs at PT. Aman Bahari Kuala Tanjung


and Grollman 1 induced renal lesions, albuminuria, and hypertension in the rat by the injection of isologous placental extract in Freund's complete adjuvant. They demonstrated that the syndrome thus produced resembled that observed in human toxemia of pregnancy and was a consequence of an autoimmune reaction affecting the renal blood vessels. The renal lesions, as observed by light microscopy, showed changes comparable to those observed in human toxemia. It was con-cluded that toxemia of pregnancy was initiated by changes in the pla-centa with the liberation into the circulation of altered tissue constitu-ents not present normally in the circulating body fluids and should be added to the growing list of autoimmune disorders. The present paper describes the lesions in the glomerulus of the kidney as observed with the electron microscope and adds further evidence for the view that the syndrome, as induced experimentally, constitutes an analog of of pregnancy as it affects the human.


The observations on the photosynthetic branch of H.ammodendrom (C.A.Mey) Bunge. The microphotos of H.ammodendrom (C.A.Mey) Bunge show:1.There is layer spongy tissue cell under the patisade tissue of H. ammodendrom leaf;2.There is a layer small, spherical cell tissue under the epiderm of H.ammoderdrom leaf;3. There is the microstructure of secretion salt and good salt crystal body among polisade cell.


Abstract : Geologic characteristics of the ocean floor can produce measurable effects on sound speed. Of significance are the intrinsic properties of sediments, their depth of burial, degree of consolidation, and temperature. Roughness of the sea floor can also affect sound transmission. The series of maps in this report depict sound velocities beneath the eastern Caribbean as they vary both horizontally and vertically with geological variations in the sea floor, together with the areal distribution of other important geological factors which affect sound speed. A brief discussion of each map is included in the text. Other important geologic factors which affect sound speed can be encountered at or near the surface of the sea floor; their distribution is shown on the remaining maps.


This chapter draws inspiration from statistical physics to describe a statistical category that can be termed the "living state." References to a living state can be found throughout origin of life and astrobiology science. Some researchers have used the concept of the living state to explicitly place biological phenomena within the epistemological scope of statistical physics. Within this framework, biological phenomena at a given scale of organization are explained and understood by appealing to the statistical properties of the dynamics of the smaller and larger scales. This is analogous to how distinct states of matter are understood by appealing to the statistical properties of atoms, with the important distinction that statistical physicists have historically not included constraints from larger levels of organization, which are essential in determining the properties of living systems. This conception of the living state may enable astrobiologists to integrate progress from different disciplinary perspectives into a quantitative theory of life.


DISCLAIMER The analyses upon which this publication is based were performed under Contract HHSM-500-2006-RI, ''Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organization for the State of Rhode Island,'' sponsored by CMS, Department of Health and Human Services. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The authors assume full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the ideas presented. This article is a direct result of the Health Care Quality Improvement Program initiated by CMS, which has encouraged identification of quality improvement projects derived from analysis of patterns of care and therefore required no special funding on the part of this contractor. Feedback to the authors concerning the issues presented is welcomed.


A plate-shaped permanently elastic high-temperature gasket (1), as can be used in particular for exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and the at least one opening (2) encloses, consists of a cover layer (6), a bottom layer (7) and, arranged between the two middle layer (8 ), wherein the cover layer (6) and the bottom layer (7) consists of a completely or at least predominantly consisting of mica material are formed, while the middle layer (8) comprises a metal carrier (9) and its uncollected from this space all or substantially is filled with graphite (10).


Introduction Agriculture and biodiversity conservation are both vitally important human activities that overlap geographically and are often in conflict. Animal agriculture has been implicated in species loss and the degradation of ecosystems due to land clearing, overgrazing, and conflicts with large carnivores such as dingoes (Canis dingo). This paper explores the potential for transformation in Australian commercial livestock production from human-dingo conflict towards social-ecological coexistence. Method A qualitative model that depicts transformative change was developed from field observations and twenty-one in-depth interviews with livestock producers, conservation researchers, grazing industry representatives and policy makers across Australia. The model articulates the current state of dingo management and the drivers of system change. Results Seven pathways are described to catalyse transformation from routine lethal management of dingoes towards a future vision that embeds mutually beneficial coexistence. Central to transformation is the adoption by livestock producers of preventive non-lethal innovations supported by a new farming movement, Predator Smart Farming, that balances livestock grazing and wildlife conservation values to unlock the resilience of landscapes, animals (domesticated and wild) and livelihoods. Other key pathways include targeted research, capacity building, outreach and knowledge sharing networks; institutional (policy, legislation, and economic incentives) and cultural change; public awareness raising and advocacy to reduce lethal control; and greater involvement of Indigenous Australians in decisions relating to wildlife management. Discussion The seven transition pathways are discussed in relation to how they can collectively foster coexistence with dingoes in extensive rangelands grazing systems. International examples of interventions are used to illustrate the types of successful actions associated with each pathway that could inform action in Australia. The findings have implications for coexistence with large carnivores in rangeland ecosystems globally.


Lane detection is the active research area in the field of Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle. However, it is not easy to detect lane accurately when road lanes are affected by occlusion, weather conditions and illumination variations. In this paper, we propose a multi-lane detection robust to complex illumination variations and noise sources. The first step of this method is to generate adaptive Region of Interest (ROI) by using the combination of Hough lines and vanishing point. To improve the accuracy vanishing point detection, noise removal method is employed. Second, mask is generated to extract the road boundary region, which will be used as a search space for the detection of candidate lane mark points present on the road. Outlying points in mask generation process is eliminated using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). Finally, lane is detected by fitting second order polynomial curve on extracted lane mark points by using Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC). Experiment results on the dataset shows that proposed method efficiently extracts lane features and detects the multi-lane in real world driving scenarios under various complex illumination variations and noise sources.


Laboratouy diagnosis on affected chicken from a layer farm was carried out by PCR.The congenerous down primer H5 was derived from 3' region of reverse transcriptase of avian leucosis virus(ALV),Primer H7 was designed from a well conserved region of the gp85 sequence of the J subgroup;and primer AD1 was designed from the conserved region of the gp85 of A-E subgroups.PCR of the three pairs of primers was conducted using the DNA extracted from liver as sample.Sequence analysis of PCR products proved that this disease was caused by subgroup E of endogenous avian leucosis virus.


by ANTOINETTE DENNISE HILLIAN Pulmonary disease is the most significant manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) and is primarily due to continuous and exaggerated inflammation stemming from an inherent dysregulation of the inflammatory processes. Specifically, airway inflammation is characterized by a disproportionate neutrophil load, high levels of neutrophilic enzymes, and excessive neutrophil chemokine expression; thus, the airway inflammation and subsequent damage is considered to be neutrophil-mediated. As interleukin-8 (IL-8) is the primary mediator for neutrophil migration and activation, the progression and maintenance of the neutrophilic inflammation is potentially due to elevated expression of IL-8. This dissertation examines how variations in the expression of IL-8 impact pulmonary disease severity. There is considerable phenotypic variation with regards to pulmonary disease progression among CF patients. It has been suggested that the majority of the observed variation is due to genetic heterogeneity, independent of CFTR genotype. To test this hypothesis, variants in a panel of inflammatory genes were evaluated for a statistical association with lung disease severity in a CF patient population. Variants in the IL8


Abstract In this article, the author argues that, towards the end of his life, Frederic Leighton (president of the Royal Academy from 1878 to 1896) became increasingly preoccupied with painting sleeping and entranced women as a way of simulating death. In turn, death in Leighton's art comes to look like pleasured sinking into unconsciousness accompanied by an irreversible bodily dissolution, which is registered in the multiplying of the 'endless folds' in the figures' drapery. The author analyses key examples of paintings by Leighton of sleeping and sleepy women—namely, Cymon and Iphigenia (1884), The Garden of the Hesperides (1892) and Flaming June (1895)—within the context of late Victorian anxieties around sleep and its resemblance to death. In these works, Leighton twists and elongates the sleeping women's necks and limbs to make them appear dangerously serpentine, while increasing the activity of the drapery to register both the meanderings of the subconscious and the dissolution of the body. The drapery disorganizes classical form, taking on the appearance of liquid, hair and melted wax.


We investigated patterns of spore dispersal in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera by collecting 80 independent measurements of spore dispersal from isolated individuals and isolated groups of individuals over a two‐year period. Our results indicate that giant kelp spores routinely disperse both short (i.e. a couple meters) and long (i.e. hundreds to thousands of meters) distances depending on the oceanographic conditions. One consequence of spore dispersal over short distances is self‐fertilization (i.e., fertilization between male and female gametophytes derived from the same sporophyte). Field experiments designed to test the effects of self‐fertilization on lifetime fitness in Macrocystis revealed significant inbreeding depression. Birth rates in self‐fertilized populations were ca. 50% of those produced from outcrossing, which lead to significant differences in cohort size that persisted up through the adult stage. In contrast to outcrossed populations, very few individuals produced from selfing became reproductively mature, and those that did were significantly less fecund than outcrossed individuals. By contrast, long‐range dispersal of spores leads to increased rates of outcrossing. However, long‐range dispersal is typically accompanied by massive dilution of spores, leading to low densities of spore settlement. Sparse spore settlement decreases the overall chance of fertilization in the microscopic gametophyte generation thereby reducing the potential for colonization of the macroscopic sporophyte stage. Large population size of adult sporophytes coupled with the synchronous release of spores in response to environmental cues can help offset the effects of spore dilution and extend the distances over which giant kelp is able to colonize.


Trials lasting nine years have been conducted on two types of magnesium- deficient apple rootstocks to assess the curative value of foliar sprays and/or soil applications of Epsom salt (MgS04.7H20).After the first year, M.IV rootstocks sprayed with 2% Epsom salt solution produced more, larger, and better-rooted shoots than did the untreated plants, giving more than a 60% increase in numbers of high-quality rooted shoots, and three sprayings were as effective as nine. The implications of this finding are discussed.In contrast to M.IV, spraying MM.102 rootstocks did not lead to a sustained improvement in quality of rooted shoots even though symptoms of magnesium deficiency were eliminated and the number of shoots increased. Elimination of foliar symptoms is therefore, of itself, no indication of economic improvements of growth. It is concluded that some other factor, perhaps potassium deficiency, limited growth.Foliar sprays applied nine times annually to M.IV rootstocks raised the percentage of magnesium i...


Desacordar el acuerdo: la disputa publica entre parlamentarios por la implementacion del tratado de paz en Colombia Desacordar o acordo: a disputa publica entre parlamentares pela implementacao do tratado de paz na Colombia Upon signing the peace deal between the Colombian state and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC, from its initials in Spanish) in 2016, political parties and the social sectors that they represented, radicalized favorable and unfavorable positions on the implementation of the agreements. This article aims to analyze one of these disputes involving two deputies of opposing political parties that was broadcast live on a debate radio show. The analysis method is interpretive and inductive, focused on the verbal attacks and defenses displayed. Results emphasize the problem of democratic representation and combat tactics to guide public opinion. In conclusion, the analytical walk-through highlights the centrality of verbal combats mediated by streaming opinion radio and the narrowness of the victory-defeat scheme in public discussions. The article contributes to interpreting the current public discord, at the historical time of transition towards peace with the Colombian guerrillas. The analysis shows how opposing political forces fight for and against the implementation of the signed deal. For the opposition sector, it is about "undoing the agreement" based on the "No" victory in the peace referendum. This claim of denied victory blocks the implementation of the deal and causes contradictors to fight in public arenas. Para citar este articulo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Olave, G.  (2019). Desacordar el acuerdo: la disputa publica entre parlamentarios por la implementacion del tratado de paz en Colombia.  Palabra Clave, 22 (2), e2226. DOI:  10.5294/pacla.2019.22.2.6 Recibido: 09/03/2018 Aceptado: 30/04/2018


Objective:To investigate pathogens causing skin soft tissue infection (SSSI) and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods:The isolates were identified by ATB expressin system, the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents tested by Kirby Bauer method. Results:72 Gram positive bacteria were isolated, among which 13 Gram positive bacteria staphylococci aureus was found to be the most prevalent cause of SSSI. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and gentamycin. Staphylococci aureus were more susceptible to benzopenicillin, Chloramycetin and SMZco than to erythromycin, azithromycin and penicillin. Conclusion:The empirical treatment should be based on drug susceptibility; newly developed and broad spectrum antibiotics should not be used if the isolates are susceptible to the well recognized antibiotics in order.


The Ebro Basin constitutes the central part of the southern foreland of the Pyrenees. It was endorheic during the Cenozoic and accumulated sediments. By the end of the Miocene, erosion and river incision reconnected the basin to the Mediterranean Sea, establishing a post-opening drainage network. Those rivers left terraces that we study in this work. We first synthesize previous works on river terraces that are widely dispersed in the basin. We provide new age constraints, up to 3 Ma, obtained thanks to cosmogenic nuclides using both profile and burial methods. We derive a unified fluvial terrace chronology and a homogenized map of the highest terraces over the entire Ebro Basin. The dated terraces labeled A, B, C, D, and E are dated to 2.8 ± 0.7 Ma, 1.15 ± 0.15 Ma, 850 ± 70 ka, 650 ± 130 ka, and 400 ± 120 ka, respectively. The chronology proposed here is similar to other sequences of river terraces dated in the Iberian Peninsula, around the Pyrenees, and elsewhere in Europe. The oldest terraces (A, B, C) are extensive, indicating they form a mobile fluvial network while from D to present, the network was stable and entrenched in 100 to 200 m-deep valleys. The transition from mobile to fixed fluvial network is likely to have occurred during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT, between 0.7 and 1.3 Ma), when long-period/high-intensity climate fluctuations were established in Europe. We estimate that between 2.8–1.15 Ma and present, the incision rates have tripled.


Practical activities are used as a catalyst in understanding chemistry concepts because it helps students to develop science process skills. However, research investigating the use of computer-based simulation practical activities to improve students' science process skills is scarce. Hence, the study compared the mean gain of students' performance and science process skills (SPS) using computer-based simulation and traditional hands-on instructional strategies. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design, using a pre-test, post-test, and control variable. The sample for the study was 92 senior secondary students, 48 for the computer-based simulation (experimental) and 44 for the traditional hands-on (control group) purposively selected. Two research instruments were used, a tagged science process skills rating scale (SPSRS) and a 20-item multiple choice question (MCQ). The findings showed that traditional hands-on activities had a higher mean gain on students' performance while computer-based simulation improved students' science process skills more than traditional hands on. The study recommended that there is a need to blend traditional hands-on activities with updated and computer- based simulations to improve students' science process skills and performance in science classrooms.


The effect of 1.6‐MeV‐electron irradiation on the infrared properties of high‐purity quartz crystals has been studied. The infrared bands assciated with OH− impurities in SiO2 crystals are strongly temperature dependent and must be studied at 77 K or below. Prolonged electron irradiation at low temperature suppresses all of the OH− bands, but these bands recover when the crystals are annealed to approximately 740 K. If as‐grown crystals are irradiated at 300 K, the intensity of the OH− bands decreases and two new bands appear at 3367 and 3306 cm−1. The relative absorption intensity of these two bands depends on radiation temperature and dose.


The purpose of this work is to research the process of introduction of smallpox prevention in the Orenburg Region in the early 19th century. The author focuses the main attention on the organization and activity of subsidiary medical institutions - smallpox committees. The author shows the role of Free Economic Society, doctors, clergy, civil people in the development of smallpox prevention in the region. Based on the analysis of historical sources which are represented in the state archive of the Orenburg Region (fund 6 «the offices of Orenburg military governor») the author makes an attempt to detect the main cause of civil resistance in the region. The author used chronological, historical, retrospective and inquiry learning methods. The conducted research showed that in the 19th century in the Orenburg province there was a system of vaccine prevention of smallpox among the population despite the difficult sanitary and epidemiologic situation, lack of medical institutions and shortage of qualified medical personnel. The formation of this process started in the early XIX century. Thus, effective activities of the state and public organizations during this period let to lower the general illness rate and death rates from natural smallpox among the population in the Orenburg province.


This was pre experimental design research with the aim to know student learning activity and study result at the implementation of the learned of learning cycle model. The research was done at state of  Junior High School 24, class VIII4 at odd semester academic year 2009/2010. Research design was pretest and posttest group design. Data's on students learning activity during they study were collected using observation sheet, and study results were acquired by using study's result test. Data's of student activity and study result were analyzed qualitative descriptive and inferential. T test was used to analyzed the difference  between before and after the learned of learning cycle model. The mean of result study's before and after application of learned of the learning cycle model was 48.00 for the pretest and 65.69 for the posttest, and t student value was 11,11 with P=0.000 at α = 0.01. The research's result showed that learning activities during the application of learned of learning cycle model generally increase, and the difference was very significance between student learning result before and after the learned of learning cycle model being applied .


China's loess-palaeosoil sequence is not only the continuous record of Quaternary palaeoclimatic evolution but also the product of East Asia monsoon.Signals on Magnetic Susceptibility(MS) recorded in the Loess Plateau reflect the long-term evolutional information of East Asian summer monsoon.In this paper,time series of Magnetic Susceptibility(MS)(since 1 MaB.P.) recorded in the given section of Loess Plateau which are located in Lingtai and Zhaojiachuan in Gansu Province was analyzed using EMD.The results showed that: 1) During the period of 0~0.8 MaB.P.,quasi 400 ka and quasi 100 ka cycles,elements of Earth orbital three eccentricity-ratio cycles,are discovered evidently in the loess deposition,and their variance contribution rate is up to 35.19%.As a result,it is safe to draw a conclusion that the quasi 100 ka cycle fluctuations play leading role to East Asian summer monsoon during 0~0.8 MaB.P..In addition,cycle quasi 16 ka and non-orbital cycles including quasi 334 ka,quasi 177 ka,quasi 58 ka,quasi 31 ka,quasi 7.9 ka and quasi 3.9 ka were found as well.2) During the period of 0.8 ~ 1 MaB.P.,quasi 100 ka cycle,element of Earth orbital three eccentricity-ratio cycles,21 ka precession cycle,non-orbital cycles including quasi 55 ka,quasi 8.3 ka and quasi 3.5 ka were also found.During this period,variance contribution rate of quasi 100 ka cycle is up to 37.44%,and quasi 100 ka cycle has a leading role.3) Although there are a variety of hypotheses on the mechanism of 100 ka cycle of the East Asian summer monsoon recorded in loess,some unclear processes on it are believed universally in the palaeoclimatic scholars.As a result,more research work is still needed to be done for research work further.


The use of aerial images has grown in recent decades, mainly due to technological advances, for example, by employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In this study we discuss the landmarks identification on aerial and satellite images. The images are obtained by different sensors, satellite imagery and images obtained by on-board sensors such as cameras in UAVs. In this study, different techniques have been combined. The binary descriptor ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) has been employed for the detection and description of points of interest. The Hamming distance has been employed to match these points. The RANSAC method (RANdom SAmple Consensus) to estimate the parameters of this homography matrix and thus find the landmarks of the orbital image in the UAV images.