We study the distribution of lepton pairs from the second lightest neutralino decay \tchi^0_2\to\tchi^0_1 l^+l^-. This decay mode is important to measure the mass difference between \tchi^0_2 and the lightest neutralino \tchi^0_1, which helps to determine the parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model at the CERN LHC. We found that the decay distribution strongly depends on the values of underlying MSSM parameters. For some extreme cases, the amplitude near the end point of the lepton invariant mass distribution can be suppressed so strongly that one needs the information of the whole m_{ll} distribution to extract m_{\tchi^0_2}-m_{\tchi^0_1}. On the other hand, if systematic errors on the acceptance can be controlled, this distribution can be used to constrain slepton masses and the Z\tchi^0_2\tchi^0_1 coupling. Measurements of the velocity distribution of \tchi^0_2 from samples near the end point of the m_{ll} distribution, and of the asymmetry of the p_T of leptons, would be useful to reduce the systematic errors.


Abstract The frailty index (FI) is a summary measure of health during aging that is defined by the average number of 'things wrong', i.e. health deficits, across a sundry of lab, clinical, and questionnaire measurements. Missing data are ubiquitous in aging studies. Although the FI appears to have robust predictive power—even when ignoring missing data, there has not been a systematic study of the consequences of imputation when used in the principle investigation. We investigated the standard imputation methodology, multiple imputation using chained equations (MICE), and other missing data methods, in terms of prediction of mortality and statistical power using the 2003/04 and 2005/06 NHANES datasets. When we masked known data completely at random, we observed that available case analysis incorrectly estimated the true variance of the FI leading to potential problems in hypothesis testing, whereas imputation helped mitigate this effect. We also observed that the default imputation methods from MICE showed a significant increase in FI relative to the ground truth together with a decrease in predictive power, hence we suggest other options when performing imputation with NHANES. The underlying missing mechanism in NHANES is not random and appears to be important, for example survival curve analysis showed that the top half of patients with the most missing data died significantly younger than the bottom half.


Fast-response pressure measurements collected in a three-stage axial compressor highlight the development of the rotor tip leakage flow. Data collected from an array of high-frequency-response pressure transducers measure time-resolved static pressure over the rotors at several loading conditions for three tip clearance heights. The influence of surrounding vane rows on the rotor tip leakage flow is investigated by adjusting the position of the vanes with respect to fixed sensor positions. One key result is that the wake from the upstream vane creates a modulation of the leakage flow. However, the upstream propagating potential field from the downstream vane row has no measureable impact on the leakage flow trajectory. In some cases, variations of the leakage flow trajectory angle due to these blade row interactions are greater than the differences due to a doubling of the rotor tip clearance height, an important finding not previously reported in the literature. Differences of the leakage flow trajectory...


Summary.  Controversy has intensified regarding the death‐rate from cancer that is induced by a dose of radiation. In the models that are usually considered the hazard function is an increasing function of the dose of radiation. Such models can mask local variations. We consider the models of excess relative risk and of absolute risk and propose a nonparametric estimation of the effect of the dose by using a model selection procedure. This estimation deals with stratified data. We approximate the function of the dose by a collection of splines and select the best one according to the Akaike information criterion. In the same way between the models of excess relative risk or excess absolute risk, we choose the model that best fits the data. We propose a bootstrap method for calculating a pointwise confidence interval of the dose function. We apply our method for estimating the solid cancer and leukaemia death hazard functions to Hiroshima.


The composition of the monoand sesquiterpenoids of the oleoresin of two species of conifers of the Pinaceae family has been studied. In the oleoresin of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. i0 oxidized monoterpenoids, 18 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and six sesquiterpene alcohols have been identified. In theoleoresin of Pinus p~ila (Pall.) Rgl. i0 monoterpene hydrocarbons, six oxidized monoterpenoids, 14 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and four sesquiterpene alcohols have been found. The structure of iB,4aH,7aH,lOBH-guaiane-5a,14-diol, One of the hydroboration-oxidationproducts of an unidentified sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from both oleoresins, has been determined by x-ray structural analysis.


The OS4 quadrotor is a classic quadrotor simulation platform. So far, many different kinds of controllers have been designed based on its plant model. Most of the research only provided a numerical simulation to verify their designed controllers. Only a few researches have put the proposed controllers back to OS4 quadrotor to verify, but they didn't share the project folder to let others continue their work. More open-source and well-documented codes are needed to accelerate the application of fractional order controllers in industry. This paper updated the OS4 folder for the latest MATLAB version. A case of study demonstrated the workflow to design a fractional order proportional derivative controller for the simulated drone. Comparisons showed that fractional order controllers perform better in a nonlinear system like OS4 than integer order PID controllers. An impulse disturbance scenario is also used as a testbed. Project folder can be accessed from: https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/67882-os4-foc. Related videos can be found from this link: https://youtu.be/heuz4tFqf64.


A power tool comprises a water-cooled shut-off valve (11) for regulating water flow to the power tool cooled by water. The stop valve (11) comprises a housing (12) which comprises a first connection (13), a second connection (14) disposed coaxially with the first fitting (13) and a third connection (15) extending substantially perpendicular thereto, and a substantially spherical valve body (16) which is provided with a bore (17) and is arranged in the housing (12) between the connections (13, 14, 15). The valve body (16) opens in a first position, a first passage (18) between the first fitting (13) and the third connection (15) and in a second position, a second passage between the second connector (14 ) and the third connector (15). The second connector (14) is provided a check valve (31) which has openings (32) and a closure member (34) for the openings (32).


With the convergence and integration of information technology and human production and life, data has grown rapidly, and data has become the basic strategic resources of the country. It is followed by the construction of data science and engineering major in various universities, and this major is related to the disciplines of data science, computer science, mathematics and engineering management, and also a practice-oriented discipline. These reasons make very high demands on the training of talents in the data science and engineering major. Based on analysis features of the data science and engineering major and the goals that the professional needs, in this paper we discusses the basic skills that the talents should have, and pushes back to the construction of the professional curriculum system of data science and engineering major. Through the analysis method of this paper, we have completed to setting the course system of data science and engineering major and discussed the methods and the ways in the implementation of the curriculum system.


Pose Guided Person Image Generation (PGPIG) is a popular task in deepfake, which aims at generating a person image with the given pose based on the source image. However, existing methods cannot comprehensively model the correlation between the source and the target domain. Most of them only focus on the correlation of the keypoints but ignore detail textures. In this paper, we propose a novel Texture Correlation Network (TCN) to simultaneously build pose and texture correlations. Specifically, our TCN adopts a two-stage design, including two networks: Pose Guided Person Alignment Network (PGPAN) and Texture Correlation Attention Network (TCAN). The PGPAN generates a coarse person image aligned with the target pose, while the TCAN produces a target generated image with the guidance of multiple correlations. The key component of TCAN is our new module, Texture Correlation Attention Module (TCAM), which explicitly builds geometry and texture correlation between the source image and the coarse target image. Those kinds of correlations facilitate to transfer real textures from the source to the target. Extensive experiments on the DeepFashion and Market1501 benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. In addition, our model only uses 8.5 million parameters, which is significantly smaller than other methods.


A Simple Route to 3-Amino-nocardicinic Acid

Starting from nocardicin A (1), a novel and efficient procedure for the preparation of 3-amino-nocardicinic acid (4) and its protected derivatives 6 and 8–11 is described.


The amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is characterized by accumulation of fibrous tissue bands or strings that adhere to the fetus and may produce compression in different sites. Most cases present multiple congenital anomalies incompatible with life. A small group of fetuses have isolated constrictions of the limb that may cause severe limb dysfunction or limb amputation if not treated during pregnancy. This rare condition occurs in approximately 1:1 200 to 1:15 000 live births. The exact cause of ABS remains uncertain; however, theories of intrinsic, extrinsic and iatrogenic reasons have been proposed. The evolution of the limb affected by ABS is characterized by progression of distal edema due to venous obstruction, and intrauterine amputation of the limb from vascular insufficiency. Fetoscopic release of the amniotic bands through minimally invasive surgery techniques may allow life preservation as well as limb function. Literature review suggests that fetoscopic release of amniotic bands allows preservation of limb function in 50% of cases.


This paper describes a two-stage equilibrium travel demand model. The unique feature of this model is that it takes time-of-day traffic counts instead of land use and demographic data as inputs to derive spatial and temporal travel demand patterns. The first stage of the model is a trip matrix estimator based on traffic count; the second stage is an elastic-demand network flow estimator, which recognizes latent demand shifts while performing mode split, time-of-day split, and traffic assignment in a multilevel equilibration. The main purpose of this paper is to describe model development, algorithm design, and software implementation experiences. An example application illustrates how the model is used to evaluate multiclass, multimode, and multiperiod network flow patterns for sketch planning purposes.


Indonesia as an archipelagic country, geographically has a long coastline (lk 81,000 km) and a vast ocean (5.8 million km2) with a wealth of marine biological resources would require human resources to maintain and preserve it. Coastal children are the generation that will develop the marine biological resources. They need knowledge and insight into maritime that is channeled through education. The archipelago of Nusantara is present as a moving community to develop and raise children's competitiveness through education. Offers 3 peogram excellence namely, Inspirative Talk Show, Character Building Training (CBT), 3 B (Play, Read, Learn). Through qualitative descriptive research, the researchers see how Cakralawala Nusantara plays an important role in improving the competitiveness of coastal children of Pulau Untung Jawa, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Based on research, more than 50% of early childhood, primary and junior high school children are motivated to achieve goals and develop their marine environment better, this is a form of generating their competitiveness.


This paper reviews two cooling methods for surface grinding. These include i) replacing the toxic coolant by a mixture of cold air and vegetable oil mist, and ii) minimising the use of coolant using a segmented grinding wheel system. The discussion concludes that the cold air-oil mist provides an environmentally conscious mean for surface grinding. However, due to the limit of its cooling capacity, it is more applicable for fine grinding. Using the segmented wheel system can minimise coolant consumption and can improve grindability.


In this day and age, individuals with intellectual disabilities now have the right to live a community, instead of been hidden away from society in institutions. Disability policy now places an emphasis, on moving from institutional settings to community settings. Individuals with disabilities are living more "normal lives". They are seen to be living their lives like ordinary people in ordinary places. Community living is understood to offer individuals with intellectual disabilities a better life than institutions. This study looked at care professionals' opinions on the impact of deinstitutionalization on the lives of people with intellectual disability. A quantitative research paradigm was engaged Online questionnaires were used as a method of data collection. Participants were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. They included nursing staff, social care workers, care assistants and nursing managers, who worked in different community settings over different lengths of time. The data obtained from the questionnaires was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings from the study indicated the deinstitutionalization process has had a predominantly positive impact on residents. Residents who moved from institutionalized settings to the community were seen to have an improved quality of life. They get to live a more "normal" life with increased choice, community participation and meaningful opportunities. Although the impact of deinstitutionalization is effected by two factors. These factors are the residents level of disability and residents who exhibit challenging behaviour. Results indicated that residents who have milder disabilities benefit more from the deinstitutionalization process compared to residents with severe disabilities. Many residents with challenging behaviour did benefit from the deinstitutionalization process as they showed improvements in their behaviour. However, some residents with challenging behaviour did not see an improvement in their behaviour, in some cases there was an increase in behaviour. The move to the community was too much for some residents, this resulted in them returning to institutions.


CW Raman lasing in multimode graded-index (GRIN) fibers directly pumped by high-power 9xx-nm multimode laser diodes (LDs) attracts recently great deal of attention due to the opportunity to efficiently generate laser radiation in the wavelength range of 940-980 nm, where generation of conventional Yb-doped fiber lasers is hardly possible. It has been shown that the beam quality is improved from M2∼30 for the LD pump to M2∼2 for the Stokes beam generated in the cavity based on either special fiber Bragg gratings [1] and/or random distributed feedback via natural Rayleigh scattering in multimode fiber [2], but in the latter case the Raman threshold is high (∼500W). Here we study an opportunity to obtain random Raman lasing in multimode diode-pumped GRIN fiber with enhanced backscattering on artificial fs-inscribed random structures of Rayleigh type (random points) or an array of short FBGs randomly spaced in longitudinal and transverse directions.


Using 2007-12 administrative SNAP records for New York counties, ERS and Census Bureau researchers investigated the impact of local labor market conditions on the likelihood that SNAP recipients leave the program. The researchers found that a 1-percent increase in county employment resulted in a nearly four-fold increase in the likelihood that an adult recipient would leave the program.


Several proposals have recently been published regarding the possible incorporation of nomenclature of higher taxa (class-series nomina) into the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Some basic questions related to this problem are discussed here. Introducing standard endings for the nomina of these taxa would probably be a kind of hara-kiri for LinnaeanStricklandian nomenclature of higher taxa: it would upset nomenclatural stability by introducing many new nomina and abandoning most of the nomina that have been in constant use in zoology for a long time to other nomenclatural systems alternative to the Code. Nomina of higher taxa should rather all belong in a single nominal-series, the class-series. They should not be submitted to a Rule of Coordination (except for identical taxa of different ranks), and their allocation to taxa should not be made through extensional or intensional definitions, but through ostension with a special system combining onomatophores (the conucleogenera) and onomatostases (the alienogenera). This system provides clear, unambiguous, stringent and universal Rules for the nomination of higher taxa in the future, compatible with all taxonomic systems including "phylogenetic" ones, while respecting the freedom of taxonomic thought and actions, as well as the tradition long attached to nomina of higher taxa in zoology.


Neural networks are used to predict the lime availability on an industrial kiln for quality control. For this purpose, a predictive empirical model of the highly nonlinear relationship between important variables such as the kiln temperatures and the residual calcium carbonate, at the discharge end, is constructed using neural networks. It allows us to predict and monitor lime properties from kiln operation simulated data. With the help of neural networks the quality control of the industrial unit is achieved more quickly and is extremely cost effective. These capabilities further strengthen the kiln operator's decisions leading to energy savings and increased production of first-quality materials in the pulp manufacturing process.


The title in this law assignment is "Upaya Hukum PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Nabire
dalam Menyelesaikan Tunggakan Rekening Listrik di Kabupaten Nabire Periode Tahun 2013-
2016. The problem about This study uses Normative Legal Research Methods that originate in
legislation related to the efforts of PT PLN (Persero) in settling arrears of electricity bills is
universal problem that happen in every each region of Indonesia for implementation of it and the
provision of business. Certainly, This problem is caused by different factors, which can be
influenced by internal factors in a region of electric power. This research uses Normative Legal
Research Methods that originate in legislation related to the efforts of PT PLN (Persero) for
solving arrears of electricity bills which relies in primary and secondary as support. This research
definitely for determine how about the implementation of PT. PLN Persero Rayon Nabire as
host for electricity in Nabire Region solving the problem of electricity arrears are influenced by
internal factors and lack of consumer awareness in the region of Nabire Regency, so that the
purpose of PT PLN (Persero) as BUMN engaged in the field of electricity achieved in
accordance with the purpose of its establishment. At the end of this research, the result is that
PT.PLN (Persero) Rayon Nabire attitude with the local government in conducting cooperative
relationship in the form of consolidation in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the
Electricity Law, for the purpose of PT PLN (Persero) in Article 2 paragraph 2 The Electricity
Law can be realized in Nabire Region it also to reach making of profit in the services provision
electricity that well and good quality enough can creating in Nabire Region.


early half of the population of North Amercia has myopia; the prevalence of myopia in other populations ranges from 2 to 60%, as McCarty and colleagues document in this issue of the Journal (pp. 229-234). The ideal goal of refrac-tive surgery for such individuals is to eliminate the need for distance optical correction and to allow them to see as well as—or better than—they could with spectacles or contact lenses. In 1997, we have only partially achieved that goal. In this issue of the Journal (pp 300-301), Werblin 1 opines that the goal of refractive surgery is 20/20 or better uncorrected visual acuity and " patients will not be happy until refractive surgery is able to satisfy this need. " After contemporary refractive kera-totomy, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), intrastromal corneal ring segment insertion, and phakic intraoc-ular lens (IOL) implantation, approximately 50 to 60% of patients with myopia of-10.00 diopters (D) or less, see 20/20 or better uncorrected at approximately 1 year after surgery, but well over 90% could see 20/20 or better before surgery—with optical correction. At the 20/40 level, commonly referred to as driver's license vision, we are doing much better— over 90% of operated eyes achieve this level. A significant proportion of patients wear an optical correction after refractive surgery—either part-time (eg, night driving) or full-time. For example, in the PERK study at 6 years after surgery, 36% (167) of patients younger than 40 years of age wore lenses for distance or near vision. 2 Unfortunately, published data on how many patients wear spectacles and contact lenses after refractive surgery is almost nonexis-tent—a remarkable indictment of clinical reporting from the refractive surgical community, since the most important criterion of success for patients who have refractive surgery is freedom from corrective lenses. It is not only the refractive outcome after surgery that determines spectacle wearing status, but also the stability of refraction over time. Changes in refraction may occur from the surgical procedure itself. A hyperopic shift after radial keratotomy has been well documented 3 ; shorter corneal incisions may decrease the hyperopic shift 4 but long-term follow-up data at 3 to 10 years have not been published. Sawelson and colleagues 5 attributed the hyperopic shift to physiological changes in the refractive state of the eye rather than to continued flattening of the cornea, a contention refuted by the data of Ellingsen and colleagues …


At the recent Annual Meeting of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society in San Diego, one of the symposia was devoted to the history of behavioral neurogenetics. The convener of that symposium, Stephen Maxson, gave three reasons why the history of our discipline should interest us (see Meeting Report, this issue). I would like to point to a few additional justifications. A first one is the importance of older scientific literature. There is nowadays a tendency to regard anything that appeared more than five years ago as outdated, not to mention the whole scientific literature published before the cutoff date of such indexing services as Medline. Those who are familiar with this older literature see, from time to time, studies appearing with the current authors (and the editors and referees that evaluated their manuscripts) apparently being blissfully unaware of the fact that they are treading ground already covered decades before. Another, more common, consequence of getting removed from our roots is the drift that occurs in the scientific terminology that we use. The headline of this editorial is an example of this. A phenotype is a measurable characteristic of the organism one is investigating: every mouse has a phenotype. 'My mouse has no phenotype' has become an unfortunate shortcut for saying that a certain mutant has a phenotype that does not deviate from control animals. This would be an unfortunate but not too serious problem if all scientists studying mutants would start using the word 'phenotype' in this sense. Unfortunately, this shortcut is employed mainly by researchers investigating rodent induced mutations. Yet another example is the statement that I recently saw, beginning with 'a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) is a gene that (...)'. Of course, classical genetics teaches us that there is a world of difference between a locus (and a QTL is just that) and a gene. Occasionally modern jargon is being portrayed as more precise than older (and therefore presumably 'outdated') terminology: 'haplosufficient' and 'haploinsuffient' are sometimes used instead of dominant or recessive, although the former describe a process on the level of gene action and the latter describe the measurable effects of that process at the phenotypical level. Depending on what phenotype is studied, the effects of one and the same gene may result in a dominant or recessive phenotype. Remaining in touch with our roots prevents us from losing the knowledge that was painstakingly gathered in earlier years and helps us to keep our jargon straight, so that we will be able to continue communicating unambiguously amongst ourselves and with colleagues in other disciplines. We at Genes, Brain and Behavior will do our best to help authors use the correct terminology to present their results to a diverse public as clearly as possible. Wim E. Crusio Editor-in-Chief


Aqueoue solutions under high temperature and high pressure conditions are attracting considerable scientific interest,because of their important roles in many industrial and geochemical processes. As one of the significant physicochemical parameters,in-situ measurement of pH at elevated-temperatures and pressures is of great significance for the hydrothermal fluids. Although glass electrodes are widely used for measuring pH samples in the laboratory,they are prohibited from applying at elevated P- T conditions. Accordingly,numerous efforts have been made to develop instruments appropriate for pH measurement under a wide range of conditions. As a solid metal /metal oxide electrode,Ir /IrOxpH electrode has many advantages,such as being easy to miniature,having high mechanical strength,exhibiting good response behavior,et al. This paper reviewed the progress of solid Ir /IrOxpH electrode,including the response mechanism,preparation and response performance,deficiency and some solutions. Finally,the future development of Ir /IrOxpH electrode was suggested.


An apparatus for generating a mist comprising: a conduit (2) having a mixing chamber (9) and an outlet (5); an input working fluid (30) and a nozzle working fluid (34) in fluid communication with said conduit (2), nozzle working fluid (34) which is adapted to introduce a working fluid inside the conduit (2); and transport nozzle (16) in fluid communication with said conduit (2), transport nozzle (16) adapted to introduce a transport fluid into the mixing chamber (9); wherein the transport nozzle (16) includes a convergent-divergent therein, portion such that, in use, provides generation of a high velocity flow of the transport fluid; and wherein the transport nozzle (16) having inner and outer surfaces each of which is substantially truncated cone, and wherein the transport nozzle (16) is formed so that the fluid transport introduced into the mixing chamber (9) through the transport nozzle (16) has a pattern diverging flow such that, in use, the working fluid is atomised and a flow rate of drops dispersed in the created mixing chamber (9) by the introduction of flow of transport fluid from the transport nozzle (16) in the flow of working fluid from the working nozzle (34) and the subsequent shearing of the working fluid by the transport fluid, wherein the shearing of the working fluid creates a flow regime of droplets dispersed in a substantial portion of the droplets have a size less than 20 .mu.m.


The degenerative slow virus diseases are classified by whether the causative virus is conventional or unconventional. The conventional viruses are those whose elementary body consists of either RNA or DNA and is contained within a protein coat. These viruses cause slow infection because of an abnormality in the ability of the virus to replicate itself normally, as is the case in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, or because of an abnormality in the host's immune response, as in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The conventional viruses have not yet been shown to be transmissible. The unconventional viruses are infectious agents which have properties not usually shown by conventional viruses. They induce slowly evolving diseases which share common neuropathic changes . These viruses cause the subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies. In humans they are responsible for kuru, the familial and sporadic forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and familial Alzheimer's disease. Similar transmissible diseases have been found to occur naturally in animals, and there is some feeling that in certain individuals, notably farmers, the virus causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may be transmitted from sheep and goats (2).


At the age of six, I was writing fiction about a willy-wagtail, whose best friend was an ant. (Even then I had a good grasp on relationships!) Several years later, I had moved to human protagonists—mainly young girls living in boarding schools and excelling at ballet. I had no experience of either boarding school or ballet but I had my dreams. By adolescence, I was writing fiction about homelessness and drug addiction—once again, from vicarious experience. And then I went to uni to do a literature degree and realised that great Australian novelists were serious, learned and (then) mostly male. I still wanted to write my novel, but I decided I had to live a bit first.


Cupric acetate dissolved in methanol was applied, for the first time, to the synthesizing of Y-junction carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This was done by catalytic CVD of the methanol solution at 1000-1200 °C. Based on the bamboo structure, which was observed for the first time within Y-junction CNTs, it is suggested that the growth of such CNTs may be a result of the fluctuation of external conditions causing a change in the growth direction of CNTs developed from completely melted Cu nanoparticles. Since the production process is continuous, the present technique can easily be scaled up for large-scale production for a wide variety of applications.


The dynamic structure of quadruplex rubber extruder group,selection of screw and driving power,analysis of extrusion die base on theoretical mechanics and FEA,hydraulic systems,extruder parameters of quadruplex rubber extruder group,temperature control system and 3D of extruder group were introduced and compared to imported products.The comparison results showed that the overall performance of the quadruplex rubber extruder group reached international level.


A phytochemical study on the aerial parts of Wissadula periplocifolia using chromatographic techniques has led to the isolation of sitosterol (1a), stigmasterol (1b), sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2a), stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2b), phaeophytin A (3), 132-hydroxy-(132-S)-phaeophytin A (4), phaeophytin B (5), 173-ethoxyphaeophorbide (6), 3,4-seco-urs-4(23),20(30)-dien-3-oic acid (7), 3-oxo-21β-H-hop-22(29)-ene (8), dammaradienone (9a), and taraxastenone (9b). The isolated compounds were characterised by spectroscopic analysis. A preliminary assay to evaluate the antibacterial activity of W. periplocifolia extracts and fractions showed that the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions were active against Enterococcus faecalis.


Selling the Chinese Food in the Netherlands represents the main problem faced by Hu?s Garden Restaurant. As in the core concepts market determine their needs, wants and demands. That needs wants and demands will be responded by making the products, and later will determine the value satisfaction, and quality. Considering the needs and wants of the market will also determine the marketing strategy. First we need to get the information about that. In order to get that kind of information, we should know who our customers are. Knowing our customer include what kind of buying behavior they have. Buying behavior have many different factors, such as cultural factor, social factor, personal factor and psychological factor. And our dissertation is going to make a research of marketing strategy through the local lifestyle. And as a measuring instrument we will used VALS II Analysis.


This work examines the relative advantages and limitations of carrying out both simulation studies and experimental tests in order to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced algorithms for process control. Currently (and for good reason), the most common method of carrying out such evaluations is by simulation alone. Experimental testing is difficult and often leads to ambiguous conclusions. Nevertheless, there are some practical aspects of estimation and control algorithms which are revealed in experiments, but which never present themselves in simulation studies. Some of these are crucial for successful industrial implementation. The results reported here come from both simulation studies and experiments on three pilot plants available at Imperial College: a large-scale CO 2 absorption/desorption plant; a single-tube full-scale reactor for gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons; a partially-simulated stirred reactor for general liquid-phase exothermic reactions. Examples which are illustrated include case studies on both linear and nonlinear algorithms of identification, estimation, and control. Some of the specific control algorithms which have been studied were: nonlinear geometric control, linear and nonlinear model predictive control, controllers based upon neural networks, and inferential controllers based upon on-line estimation of unmeasurable states. Comparison of simulation and experiment revealed that, in some cases, the experiments showed qualitatively different behaviour from even the most detailed simulation studies. Reasons are put forward as to why such large differences occasionally exist between the two types of tests. Among the most important reasons for these differences are the uncertain nature of plant-model mismatch in nonlinear systems, the crucial role of process and controller constraints (especially in experimental studies), and the sensitivity of some algorithms to the exact implementation of their calculated control action—something which is virtually impossible in practice. The case studies confirm the complementary nature of the important roles played by both simulation studies and detailed experimental tests in an industrially realistic environment.


This presentation will give an overview of the current use of nanoparticles as drug carriers and will discuss their future use in drug targeting and drug delivery of active molecules. Today's progress in cell biology and biotechnology enables scientists to synthesize highly active molecules to target specific intra-cellular receptors. The clinical use of such molecules is often very limited because of their peptide or oligonucleotide nature. They are highly active in vitro in isolated cell systems, but a short half-life or limited cell uptake in vivo prevent their clinical use. To overcome the limitations in cellular uptake of highly active molecules, the use of nano-sized carriers is the focus of modern drug delivery strategies. The utilization of such particles as drug targeting vectors is an emerging field of pharmaceutical sciences.


Design method and key technologies of a Ku band low profile Active Phased Array Antenna (APAA) with polarization tracking for satcom on the move (SOTM) system are given. The approach presented here realizes polarization tracking and wide-angle beam tracking simultaneously comparing with traditional antennas. To be adequate for wide-angle beam scanning, the microstrip patch array antennas are presented. The choke groove is also adopted to improve the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antenna under the condition of limited size. Finally, a low profile active phased array antenna has been developed successfully. The test result shows arbitrary linear polarization and wide-angle beam tracking can be obtained from different phase setting. There is enough isolation between transmitting and receiving antennas to ensure that the performance of receiving antenna will not deteriorate.


Abstract The study examines possible water savings by replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley, located upstream of the Syrdarya River in Central Asia. Agricultural reforms since the 1990s have promoted this change in cropping patterns in the Central Asian states to enhance food security and social benefits. The water use of alfalfa, winter wheat/fallow, and winter wheat/green gram (double cropping) systems is compared for high-deficit, low-deficit, and full irrigation scenarios using hydrological modeling with the HYDRUS-1D software package. Modeling results indicate that replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley released significant water resources, mainly by reducing productive crop transpiration when abandoning alfalfa in favor of alternative cropping systems. However, the winter wheat/fallow cropping system caused high evaporation losses from fallow land after harvesting of winter wheat. Double cropping (i.e., the cultivation of green gram as a short duration summer crop after winter wheat harvesting) reduced evaporation losses, enhanced crop output and hence food security, while generating water savings that make more water available for other productive uses. Beyond water savings, this paper also discusses the economic and social gains that double cropping produces for the public within a broader developmental context.


The State Qin's Poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period including the Qin Songs,the Stone Drums and the Inscriptions on the Qing from the Tomb of a Duke of Qin and so on.All of those poems of the State Qin not only ardent and gloomy in terms of content,but also veiled and skillful in means of expression.The State Qin's Poetry won the opportunity occurred in the process of learning culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty,and the general cultural level as mentioned in the State Qin and continue to develop,to the middle and late Spring Autumn and the value of its peak level of literature.In a word,the most significant Features of the State Qin's culture was pay high attention to education of rite and music in the Spring Autumn Period,and it was the basic cultural context of the State Qin's Poetry.On the other hand,the intrinsic motivation of the development of the State Qin's Poetry was lasting cultural contact and Chinese identity.


Potential bias in evaluation of single traits resulting from selection on a correlated trait is considered. Examples of potential bias use simulated data for sequential selection and for a trait showing a correlated response. In both cases, single trait evaluation for the correlated trait does not consider the data on which selection decisions were made. The use of methodology for evaluation of multiple traits to reduce or eliminate bias from selection on correlated traits is demonstrated.


In order to prevent the dispute in nursing care in department of neurosurgery,we must explicitly realize the characteristics in nurse-patient communication and the factors influencing nurse-patient communication,and the development of good nurse-patient communication for neurosurgical care based on this thinking.We believe that "strengthening of nurse-patient communication,enhancing communication skills,step up training and improving the quality of nursing" are keys for effective prevention of nurse-patient disputes.


The international trends that emerged in the age of knowledge, intensified as a result of internationalization and the development of new communication technologies, have markedly disseminated amongst us (a country historically characterized by State control of higher education) the era of quality. This paper examines different concepts and strategies of quality in higher education, which resulted from international experiences. Among the main concepts that of quality stands out, synonymous with isomorphism, reflecting itself in the form of standardized institutional evaluation and employability; quality, synonymous with respect for specificities; and quality, synonymous with fairness. Because of the lack of bibliography approaching the theme from a holistic point of view, this paper, rather than presenting propositions, raises issues as regards the relation of educational innovation and quality, and the unity of the concept of quality and Brazilian reality.


The II Vatican Council can be understood, in its intention, in its process and its results, as the Church ́s attempt to affirm itself under a new historical situation, as an effort to assert its identity against the background of radical social changes in Europe and the world. In his opening speech of the second session of the Council, Paul VI declared the first goal of the council as "the self-understanding of the Church." John XXIII expressed the intuition that guided him with a view to reconcile the conciliar project with the programmatic expression of aggiornamento. According to what he felt, the Church was "yesterday" and could not reach out to the world of "today" as its contemporary, being at the same height. It could not be a useful interlocutor for the man of today.


In 1998-2003 in dispensary there were treated 39,085 patients for different oncologic diseases, of them 360 (0.92%)--for diseases of the thyroid gland. There were 147 (40.8%) of patients operated on.


We reconsider the one-axis twisting Hamiltonian, which is commonly used for generating spin squeezing, and treat its dynamics within the Heisenberg operator approach. To this end we solve the underlying Heisenberg equations of motion perturbatively and evaluate the expectation values of the resulting time-dependent Heisenberg operators in order to determine approximately the dynamics of spin squeezing. Comparing our results with those originating from exact numerics reveals that they are more accurate than the commonly used frozen spin approximation.


Lithologic discrimination by using parameters from seismic inversion is a basic task of seismic inversion.Because different lithologies usually have,to some extent,the similar elastic parameters,it is difficult to identify lithology.To solve this problem,lithologic discrimination method based on Markov random-field is applied.This method firstly builds a priori model through Markov random-field on the basis of elastic parameters of pre-stack inversion,and then obtains Gaussian distribution parameters of iterative computation by means of counting elastic parameters of different lithologies based on interpreted log data and creates objective function of lithologic discrimination under a Bayesian framework,and finally achieves the aim of lithologic discrimination.The priori model can establish interrelationships among adjacent points and obtain continuous lithologic sections.A wedge model and a Marmousi Ⅱ model are used to test the method.Results show that the method is feasible.Meanwhile,the influence of inversion error on lithologic discrimination accuracy is tested by adding error in this paper.


Dear Editor: Dr Michael Poyurovsky and coauthors reported on an interesting study in which they assessed the rates of psychiatric disorders in schizophrenia patients with and without obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD) and pure OCD patients. Body dysmorphic disorder, tic disorders (TD), and anxiety disorders were found in higher frequencies in the schizo–obsessive group when compared to pure schizophrenia. The findings support the notion that the schizo–obssesive group may be an intermediate phenotype between schizophrenia and OCD. We would like to comment on the specific findings of TD. Curiously, the authors found no cases of Tourette syndrome in the schizo–obsessive group, while the odds of having chronic motor tics in the schizo–obsessive group (16%) were 4 times higher than those of the schizophrenia group (4%). In the OCD group, the frequency of TD was the classical 34.3% found in the literature. The intermediate frequency of TD in the schizo–obsessive group speaks for a continuum between these disorders. One explanation for these higher frequencies of obsessive spectrum disorders could be the presence of common vulnerability genes.


IBM has been repositioning its Services arm around the next-generation business model that it terms the Cognitive Enterprise. The concept helps articulate how the 'outside-in' digital transformation of the past decade, which has focused on front-office consumer requirements, is now transitioning to an 'inside-out' digital transformation, where enterprises are capturing and using data in combination with technologies such as AI, automation, IoT, blockchain and 5G to reshape their business architectures. In order to deliver the Cognitive Enterprise, IBM has developed different platforms. The newest of these is its business process platform.


A new ligands  (H 2 L 1 , H 2 L 2 ) and Theirs Binuclear  complexes with (SmIII ,CeIII, NiII and CuII  ). Both ligands prepare in two steps, the first step dissolution  of terephthaldehyde in methanol and reacted under refluxe with O- phenylen diamine  to give N 1 ,N 1, -(1,4-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene) bis(benzene-1,2-diamine)  which reacted in the second step with  O-Vanillin to give the ligand6,6 , -((1E,1 , E)-((((1,4-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis(azanylylidene)) bis(2,1- phenylene) ) bis(azanylylidene  bis(methanylylidene)  bis(2- meth oxyphenol) (H 2 L 1 ) and reacted with 2-Hydroxy-1- naphthaldehyde to give the ligand  1,1 , -((1E)-((((1,4-phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis(azanylylidene)) bis (2,1- phenylene)) bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene)bis(naphthalene-2-ol (H 2 L 2 ).The four complexes manufacture by immediate reaction of the ligands with appropriate metal chloride. The ligands and Theirs complexes were characterize by spectroscopic methods ,Elemental Analysis (C.H.N),Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-I.R), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR),  Mass Spectra , Magnetic sensitivity and Molar conductivity .  The data of these measurements suggest a Sequare planer geometry for (CuII , NiII) ,  Monocapped octahedron for Ce III and Sm III  complexes . Keywords: Binuclear complexes, Terephthaldehyde, Schiff base, Inner-transition metals.


The present paper provides a basic introduction to the mechanism of so-called"kinetic" Alfven wave propagation and associated parallel electric field generation. It is clarified that kinetic effects are not essential for the"kinetic" Alfven waves, either in propagation or in parallel electric flied generation. The derivation of the "kinetic"Alfven wave here is based simply on: polarization currents carried by ions; equations of electron parallel motion; and Maxwell equations. One major application of "kinetic"Alfven waves to the magnetospheric physics is the problem of auroral particle acceleration; recent observational, experimental, and theoretical developments on this topic are briefly reported.


Radio Science experiments currently rely on unmodulated continuous wave RF signal carrier for spectral purity and maximized signal-to-noise ratio. This requires missions to carefully schedule them away from periods of high rate telemetry. In the era of optical communications, currently designed systems experience the same problem. In this paper, a data processing architecture is derived that will yield high-accuracy link science type of information on the ground from readily transmitted communication signals coming from space assets, through optical links. This technique is intended to save power, bandwidth and scheduling demands on the spacecraft. Our proposed technical approach is applicable to a phase modulated laser thus providing an architectural improvement to present state-of-the-art optical communication systems utilized by NASA as well as to future systems. The approach is to, first, obtain the achievable performance of Radio Science measurements from the received optical telemetry signals. This extends our previous results presented on Radio Science measurements for suppressed carrier RF signals. Secondly, a practical system is proposed that approaches the ultimate theoretical performance for estimating the amplitude, phase, and frequency variations due to the changes in the planet atmosphere. For optical links, our previous results to phase modulated CW laser communications are extended. The same information required for radio science data can be extracted by using either differential methods of encoding or phase modulated orthogonal signals and at the optical receiver a non-coherent local laser and an array of photon detectors are used. The performance of these phase modulated schemes is analyzed.


Hallikar breed of cattle, popularly known as the 'champion of draft breeds', is a typical Mysore type cattle. Molecular characterization of Hallikar cattle through automated genotyping of 22 microsatellite loci revealed a total of 166 alleles with the number of alleles ranging from 3 (ILSTS033) to 16 (TGLA53) with a mean of 7.55±0.65, and the mean effective number of alleles was 3.67±0.31. The sizes of the alleles ranged from 92 (CSRM60) to 302 bp (ILSTS006). The overall mean polymorphic information content value was 0.6367±0.03. The observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values averaged 0.6068±0.05 and 0.6863±0.03, respectively, measuring high genetic variation in the population. The overall mean deficit of heterozygotes (FIS) (0.1314±0.05) exhibited existence of a breed structure in Hallikar.


The paper explores brand-repositioning of the MB and FJP, as viewed by Egypt's female voters during 2010/2011 Presidential elections. Five areas of brand-repositioning were discussed. Multiple sources of evidence were used, namely commentary from 46 female respondents: 1) 22 face-to-face interviews; 2) four focus groups by age containing six respondents within each; 3) projective techniques - drawing and sentence completion. Judgemental/snowballing sampling were employed. Data was analysed via content analysis. Gaps exists between how the MB perceive their image and how respondents view such image. Respondents displayed concern about female expectations in the future; felt that pre-revolution the MB were, 'repressed', during were 'heroes'. Post, their image declined because they became authoritarian and curtailed women and minority rights. Insights are offered into the views and emotions held by Egypt's female voters towards both parties. Such insights expose a gap in the literature pertaining to Egypt's female electorate.


This paper presents the application of geogr id reinforced retaining wall plus high embankment in soft ground treatment,for the first time in China,including design and calculation of the reinforcing materials and the earth block coordination and deformation.It is found that the main cause of the deformation is the impact of differential settlement on the existing embankment,therefore the traditional treatment methods usually have hidden risk.The practical engineering practice shows that the application of the flexible reinforced retaining wall in the soft ground treatment has been successful,which is easy to implement and cost effective.


A monitor. for simultaneous recording of heart and respiratory rates has been developed using photoplethysmography (PPG) and digital filters. PPG signal includes both heart and respiratory synchronous components. Digital filtering technique was employed to differentiate between those. With increasing heart and respiratory rates, the cut-off frequency o f filter was changed empirically. Obtained signals agreed with those obtained with ECG and thermistor. The digital filtering technique may provide on-line monitor for heart and respiratory rates.


We study one-dimensional transformations $T$ with indifferent fixed points $p$ and $q$ ($p$ and $q$ are fixed points with $ T^{\prime}(p) = T^{\prime}(q) = 1 $). In the case when $T$ has a Lebesgue equivalent infinite invariant measure, we give the ratio ergodic theorems which describe the limit value of the ratio of the sojourn time of the trajectory $\{T^k(x)\}_{k=0}^n$ in a small neighborhood of $p$ to that in a small neighborhood of $q$.


A method for generating 3-D finite difference grids about or within arbitrary shapes is presented. The 3-D Poisson equations are solved numerically, with values for the inhomogeneous terms found automatically by the algorithm. Those inhomogeneous terms have the effect near boundaries of reducing cell skewness and imposing arbitrary cell height. The method allows the region of interest to be divided into zones (blocks), allowing the method to be applicable to almost any physical domain. A FORTRAN program called 3DGRAPE has been written to implement the algorithm. Lastly, a method for redistributing grid points along lines normal to boundaries will be described.


Aiming at the feature of product configuration in mass customization production model,it puts forward the configuration method based on ants algorithms.This method divides the configuration process as two layers,uses the fuzzy judgement to build the filtration.This decreases the configuration space and establishes rational logic structure.The ants-based configuration algorithms can optimize the product configuration.The self-drinking pump shows the application result.


Health technology assessment (HTA) is a new rapidly developing field, accepted internationally as a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic, and ethical issues related to the use of health technology (drugs, medical devices, procedures, etc.) in a systematic, transparent, unbiased and robust manner. The main aim of HTA is to support health policy decisions on different levels. Today, in many of developed and developing countries agencies for HTA have been established on national and also on international level. Part of HTA is health economy and pharmacoeconomics which can be defined as the branch of economics that uses four main types of evaluation (cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, and cost-utility analyses) to compare pharmaceutical products and treatment strategies. These evaluations provide healthcare decision-makers with valuable information, allowing optimal allocation of limited resources. When conducting pharmacoeconomic analyses, researchers often struggle with limited local epidemiological and cost data. The most frequently used analysis is cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) which is a technique that is most appropriately applied when a choice must be made between two or more competing options for which the expected health gains can be expressed in terms of a common outcome measure. CEA has been described as a technique for making decisions at the margin, in situations where the question may be framed as, "Is it worth spending an additional financial mean (e.g. Euro) to achieve the additional benefits offered by the new drug compared to existing therapy?" It would be complicated and time-consuming to rank all available health care technologies according to their cost-effectiveness, therefore the cost-effectiveness criteria are assessed mainly for the new and expensive therapies in the majority of countries. The importance of evidence based health policy is widely acknowledged among health care policy-makers all over the world. The transparent method of HTA may improve the consistency of pharmaceutical reimbursement decisions and makes this process in accordance to the Transparency Directive of the European Union. For the adequate usage of HTA process and pharmacoeconomics, health economic training and education of local professionals, including decision-makers, is of utmost importance.


This report looks at the performance challenges faced in the retail sector, the 'real life' skills solutions used by businesses and the benefits gained from doing so.


Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (NF) are usually produced by disintegration processes at low solids content (<5%). However, the high water content reduces the capacity of production, increases the transportation costs of NF suspensions and narrows the possible applications of NF. The goal of the present study was to test a grinding technique based on oscillatory ball milling. Bleached kraft pulp cellulose was nanofibrillated at high solids contents (≥50%), which was obtained from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-oxidized pulp. The grinding method was only successful when the charge density was at least 0.5 mmol g-1. NFs and cellulose nanocrystals were identified at a charge density of 1.1 mmol g-1 and a solids content of 50%. The size reduction of the formed particles was observed by means of flow fractionation and imaging and viscosity measurements after increasing the charge density from 0.3 to 1.1 mmol g-1. A solids content increment and a charge density decrement resulted in particles with low aspect ratio rather than in nanofibrils. Wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements showed the transformation of crystalline cellulose into amorphous material in the case of grounding at 93% solids content.


Using stochastic point source and nite fault modeling, the stochastic stress drop is estimated for 52 large shallow earthquakes listed in the `Paci c Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA)' database. The Pseudo Spectral Acceleration (PSA) of 541 accelerograms, recorded at National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) C-class sites from 52 earthquakes are simulated and compared with the PSA listed in the PEER NGA database. The magnitude of the analyzed earthquakes ranged from M4:4 to M7:6. The stress drop is calibrated by trial and error and based on the analysis of residuals where the residual is de ned as the log of the observed PSA minus the log of the predicted PSA by stochastic methods. The symmetric distribution of residuals around the zero line is considered as an indicator of good agreement between the simulated and observed PSAs. The calculated stress drops based on stochastic point source and nite fault modeling are di erent from the static stress drops that are currently listed in the PEER NGA database. It seems that there is no clear relation between stress drop and earthquake magnitude, but there is a good linear relation between estimated stress drops based on stochastic point source and nite fault modeling. The sensitivity of the estimated stress drop values on the Kappa factor and geometric speeding factor (b value) is also investigated.


As the world faces an energy crunch, finding low-cost materials for electrocatalysis is becoming ever desirable. Traditional electrocatalysts are produced using scarce and precious metals such as palladium and platinum. For this, we propose a green chemistry mechanism to produce a novel bio-organized metal-carbon composite to alternate the traditional electrocatalysts. The composite is synthesizable from earth abundant metals such as nickel and iron. The starting point featured a low-cost commerical silk, Bombyx Mori, cocoon. This silk exhibits exciting properties for a wide range of applications. It can provide a platform, a matrix if you will, to bind metal ions from aqueous solutions. The binding reaction was done in ambient conditions per green chemistry. Degumming, the removal of the sericin protein, from the silk matrix is a common step when it comes to production of silk-based materials. The sericin is removed in alkaline conditions under constant heating. The intact silk cocoon and degummed silk were compared as the starting material: their ability to bind metal ions from aqueous solutions. The absence of the degumming processing step provides more sustainable approach to the synthesis by minimizing energy consumption and removing the need for harsh chemicals. The silk acts as a low-cost precursor for inorganic carbon matrix. The silk protein matrix was pyrolyzed at 800 C under an argon atmosphere in order to produce a carbon composite. Raman spectroscopy signaled a graphitic carbon structure of the composite. The metal-polymer interaction prior to the pyrolysis was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The carbon structure, post-pyrolysis, and its morphologies were examined with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. While the functionalization of the carbon matrix with the metals was analyzed with FTIR, XRD, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In order to synthesize a composite with the electrocatalytic activity, three sets of samples were produced: monovalent nickel metal-carbon composite, divalent iron-nickel metal-carbon system, and multivalent perovskite oxide-carbon composite. The target catalytic reaction was oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results suggest that a low-cost carbon matrix OER electrocatalyst can be synthesized utilizing green chemistry. Nickel-carbon composite demonstrated a high catalytic activity.


The stable oxygen isotope fractionation factor between water and aqueous hydroxide ion (OH - ) (10 3 ln α H2O–OH ‑ ) is a widely used geochemical parameter, also integral to biomineralisation models. In any reaction involving water, the educt oxygen is either derived from H 2 O or OH - . Studies from the 1960s experimentally determined the 10 3 ln α H2O–OH ‑ value at 15 °C to be 44(±4)‰ and calculated its equilibrium temperature dependence based on partition function ratios [1]. A recent study challenged these findings on the basis that the aqueous hydroxide ion is encased in water clusters, which was neglected in previous gas-phase calculations. New quantum chemical computations yield lower 10 3 ln α H2O–OH ‑ values (i.e., 19.35–23.89‰ at 15 °C) and a shallower temperature dependence than previously suggested [2]. To solve this controversy, we performed quantitative BaCO 3 precipitation experiments using tank CO 2 gas and hyperalkaline Ba(OH) 2 solutions with known oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions. Minor differences (< 0.2‰) between the δ 13 C values of the BaCO 3 and the tank CO 2 attest to quantitative precipitation. Since the precipitate directly inherited 1/3 of its oxygen from OH - and 2/3 from the tank CO 2 , the δ 18 O value of the OH - can be calculated via mass balance, and subsequently, the 10 3 ln α H2O–OH ‑ can be derived. Our 10 3 ln α H2O–OH - values show a similar temperature dependence as the recent theoretical study [2], but our fractionation factor at 15 °C is much closer to the experimental value reported in the 1960s [1]. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the theoretical


Background: Among children, the tuberculous lesions usually involved with more segments which cause severe kyphotic deformity and neurologic injury. During its growing period, growth imbalance of anterior and posterior columns in children will aggravate the kyphosis after destruction of anterior column. However, there are rare clinical trials of the approaches for active subaxial cervical tuberculosis complicated with kyphosis in children during growth period. The indication, timing, methods, and long-term efficacy of operation were controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of one-stage combined posterior and anterior approaches for the case series. Methods: From 2008 to 2013, 13 children (mean age, 8.7 years) suffered from active subaxial cervical tuberculosis complicated with kyphosis. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of cervical kyphosis was 24.2°; Frankel's grade B was in one case, grade C in three cases, grade D in six cases and grade E in three cases preoperatively. All cases underwent one-stage combined posterior and anterior approaches. Results: All cases were followed up for 30 months on average. Wounds were healed without chronic infection or sinus formation. The mean Cobb angle of cervical kyphosis was -5° (range, -1° to -9°) at postoperative stage, and -4.8° (range, -1° to -8°) at final follow up. All cases showed significant improvement after surgery. Of 10 cases complicated with neural dysfunction preoperatively, 8 cases showed complete neurological recovery, and 2 cases recovered to Frankel's grade D at final follow up. During follow-up period, all cases achieved bone fusion, and no complications related to instrumentation and recurrence of tuberculosis occurred. Conclusions: One-stage combined posterior and anterior approaches for active subaxial cervical tuberculosis complicated with kyphosis in children could yield satisfactory clinical efficacy.


PURPOSE: Fine metal powder and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to manufacture an electrode layer with high packing density and connecting characteristics from the fine metal powder having a uniform shape. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing fine metal powder comprises the steps of: preparing a master mold formed with a pattern(S10), spreading a polymer material on the pattern to form a sacrificial layer(S11), forming a metal layer on the sacrificial layer(S12), and removing the sacrificial layer and separating the metal layer from the master mold using solvent to form the fine metal powder(S13).


BACKGROUND
Virtual reality training is commonly used for balance problems in neurological conditions with the use of visual and auditory biofeedback. The knowledge about the effective implementation of this training in chronic low back pain is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to find the radiological and biochemical effects of virtual reality training in football players with chronic low back pain.

METHODS
A randomized, single-blinded controlled study was conducted on 36 participants. The first group received virtual reality training (VRT; n= 12), the second group received combined physical rehabilitation (CPR; n= 12), and the third group (control group; n= 12) received conventional training exercises for four weeks. Radiological (muscle cross-sectional area and muscle thickness) and biochemical (CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6) values were measured at baseline and after four weeks.

RESULTS
Four weeks following training, the VRT group showed more significant changes in the muscle cross-sectional area than the CPR and control groups (p⩽ 0.001). Biochemical measures such as CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 also showed significant improvement in the VRT group compared to the other two groups (p⩽ 0.001).

CONCLUSION
The results show that virtual reality training has positive effects on the radiological and biochemical aspects in university football players with chronic low back pain.


Biogeographia vol. XXIV — 2003 (Printed October, 31st 2003) Marine biogeography of the Mediterranean Sea: patterns and dynamics of biodiversity Bryozoan diversity in the Mediterranean Sea ANTONIETTA ROSSO Dz]Jm*tz'772mt0 517' Scimze Geologic/7e (Sezimze Oceanologia e Pzzleoecolagizz), Unit/e7'5z7n'z di Czztzmizz (Italy) e—mzzz'[: 727550 @mzict. it Key words: biodiversity. Bryozoa, Recent, Mediterranean. SUMMARY The present study constitutes an updated evaluation of the Mediterranean biyozoan biodiversity aFter the paper by Harmelin (1992) based on Zabala and Maluquer (1988) list, and uses a new data base established using the most recent records of species from the area. This allowed the number of bryozoan taxa known from this sea to be incremented up to 476 species and 27 subspecies grouped into 195 genera and 89 Families, thus outnumbering by 95 species the biodiversity evaluated by Harmelin (1992). The added species include: 1) newly described species from the Gibraltar Straits and the near Alboran Sea, whose distribution appears presently restricted to this area and species previously known from boreal, mostly deep-waters, of the eastern Atlantic and newly reported From the same area; 2) a few new species previously synonimised with Atlantic taxa from which they have been separated recently; 3) some species only recorded from the Adriatic Sea; 4) several species from the eastern basin; 5) a poor stock oF"Non—Indigenous Species" (NIS). Comparisons have been made among Mediterranean bryozoan biodiversity and data from some well known areas and the world as a whole, from which it appears as Mediterranean bryozoans are not extremely diversified, also in relation to the peculiar geological, hydrological and climatic history of this basin. Taxonomic structure at order, family, genus and species rank together with the finding and distribution of some species and their meaning have been discussed. INTRODUCTION Bryozoans are colonial organisms, one of the most diversified benthic phyla, following arthropods, molluscs, Cnidarians and annelids, somewhat paralleling echinoderms and sponges (cf. Bianchi and Morri, 2000). Recent bryozoans are differentiated into three classes with Phylactolaemata exclusively thriving in fresh Waters and Stenolaemata and Gymolaemata almost exclusively represented by fully marine species. These latter show a Wide range of morphological and ecological adaptations enabling them to colonize a great variety of habitats, from the shallow intertidal to abyssal environments, where suitable substrata are available and food supply is enough, only being limited in very starved biotopes and in high sedimentation rate conditions (McKinney and Jackson, 1989). Notwithstanding, their distribution covers all latitudes and they peak in non— tropical continental shelf bottoms largely contributing to benthic diversity (Taylor, 2000).


A research report submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in sustainable and energy efficient cities.


A putative aspartate aminotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii encoded by the Mj0684 gene has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized at 296 K using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belong to space group P4(1)2(1)2 (or P4(3)2(1)2), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 111.87, c = 60.86 A. They diffract to 2.2 A resolution using Cu Kalpha X-rays. The asymmetric unit contains a single subunit of the recombinant Mj0684 gene product, giving a corresponding V(M) of 2.25 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 45.3% by Volume. An X-ray diffraction data set has been collected to 2.2 A at 295 K.


I believe that this manuscript is very timely in view of current efforts in understand-ing large-scale exhumation of large continental areas, particularly I the light of current discussions on dynamic topography effects. I appreciate the solid-written and argu-mented character of the manuscript, the documentation by detailed and state of the art thermochronology and the nice discussion on genetic mechanisms. I suggest that the manuscript can be as is.


FEATURES: The Hyperion Series features full automation, infrared chemical imaging, crystal-clear sample viewing, and a wide variety of IR and visible objectives. The Hyperion Series provides everything needed to conduct the most demanding, micro-analysis easily and effectively. It can be coupled to TENSOR and VERTEX series FT-IR Spectrometers. The Hyperion incorporates state-of-the-art Focal Plan Array detectors for the most demanding infrared imaging applications. High Resolution chemical images can be collected in a matter of seconds. Its fi eld of use is extremely broad and includes materials research, polymers, chemicals, forensics, art conservation, and life sciences


Feature selection is of great importance in recognition system design because it directly affects the overall performance of the recognition system. Feature selection can be considered as a problem of global combinatorial optimization. It is a very time-consuming task to search the most suitable features amongst a huge number of possible feature combinations, therefore, an effective and efficient search technique is desired. In this paper, we use genetic algorithms (GA) to design a feature selection approach for handwritten Chinese character recognition. Four contributions are claimed: First, the general transformed divergence among classes, which is derived from Mahalanobis distances, is proposed to be the fitness function in the feature selection based on GA; Second, a special crossover operator other than traditional one is given; Third, a special criterion of terminating selections is inferred from the criterion of minimum error probability in a Bayes classifier; Fourth, we compare our method with the feature selection based on branch-and-bound algorithm (BAB), which is often used to reduce the calculation of feature selection via exhaustive search. The analyses of the experimental results can be proceeded that traditional GA is an ergodic Markov chain, while, BAB is a depth first heuristic algorithm for exhaustive search. We conclude that the GA-based method proposed in this paper is promising to solve the feature selection problems in a multidimensional space.


Transport system is recognized as one of the important factors for a country's progress and economic growth. Further, public transportation reduces the traffic which has been the major concern and cost efficient. Two main problems being faced by today's public transportation system include possible threats to personal safety and irregularities in scheduling. Existing intelligent transportation systems provides details about the present location of the bus, its expected arrival time and expected waiting time mainly based on GPS and GSM systems. The primary focus of this paper is to provide an overview of such systems, and suggest a system with which, a user can reach his/her desired destination safely, easily and efficiently. These objectives can be achieved by collecting, processing and providing all the necessary details regarding the arrival/departure time of the bus, its real location time of arrival, availability of seats, accident/breakdown detection and alerting systems. Once this data is collected, it can be communicated along with other custom data to the users via a wireless communication system using GSM model. Thus, the intelligent transportation systems satisfy the users and improve usage of public transportation.


The propagation of clonal varieties of some orchids is at times exasperatingly slow and occasionally an almost futile effort. Clonal multiplication is generally confined to dlvidlng mature plants and to starting plants from pseudobulbs. There is, of course, the specialized technique for obtaining Phalaenopsis plantlets from the aseptic culture of inflorescence nodes, but this is basically the same thing as propagating plants from pseudobulbs. In certain cases it is highly desirable to rapidly multiply certain clones of orchids. Awarded varieties could thereby be dispersed with great rapidity where now it may take decades for some clones to became fairly common. Commercial flower production would be very much enhanced if certain desirable clones could be multiplied ad infinitum within a short time. Orchid flower production could then be placed more on a par with many of the other cut flowers and the clonal peculiarities of some fo the current hybrids could be pampered instead of ignored. This paper describes a tissue culture method for the rapid propagation of Cymbidium clones.


The success of any breeding program depends on the ability to determine germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials. Genetic diversity is an invaluable aid in crop improvement. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 70 extra-early yellow maize hybrids under Striga environments. Cluster and principal component (PC) analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity of the hybrids. Data on morphological and agronomical data were collected. The experiment was set up in two locations (Abuja and Mokwa) in a randomized incomplete block design experiment with two replications. A significant difference was observed among the hybrids in all the traits studied and a significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits except for plant height, anthesis silking interval and Striga count at 8 and 10 WAP. The principal component reveals that the first three components account for 86% variability. PC1 gave maximum variability (43%) and was loaded with PC1 and the first four PCs can be utilized in hybridization programs. The principal component biplot reveals the relationship among traits and the distance of each variable in determining variability among hybrids. The cluster diagram reveals five distinct groups. Group IV consisted of Striga tolerant hybrids and group I consisted of susceptible hybrids. Both principal component and cluster analysis revealed the genetic diversity among the hybrids and identified genotypes that were Striga tolerant and could be selected as choice of parental materials to develop Striga resistant materials.


We study the dynamics of a system in which a classical oscillator (C.O.) is strongly coupled to a quantum emitter (e.g. quantum dot), whose decay rate is much smaller compared to the C.O.. The C.O. is driven with a harmonic force. We show that, a transparency window emerges at the center of the absorption peak of the C.O.'s spectrum. In this window, C.O. does not absorb power from the driving source due to the destructive interference of the two absorption paths. The model finds application in the physics of nanoantennas coupled to quantum dots and plasmonic excitations in increasing the solar cell efficiency. We show that, coupling to a quantum object can increase the life-time of the plasmonic excitations from $1/\gamma_{\text{cls}} \sim 10^{-12}$s to $1/\gamma_{\text{qua}} \sim 10^{-7}$s, allowing enhanced light-matter interaction. Additionally, coupling creates EIT bands with much smaller absorption. Hence, medium can support slow light propagation for much longer times without the microwave feed.


We tested the effect of sampling time on the efficiency of mustard extractions for earthworms in a field study. On an organic experimental farm (alluvial loams; Hennef/Germany) earthworm extractions were started on two consecutive days hourly from 10 am to 5 pm and 6 pm respectively. Significant effects of daytime on extracted earthworm biomass occurred on both days. Maximum biomass was extracted in the early afternoon in each case. Additional pot experiments have shown a significant temperature dependence of the mustard extraction method which at least partially explains the differences in on-site extracted earthworm biomass in the course of the day. We conclude that daytime has to be considered as a factor when using mustard extraction methods. When used in factorial field experiments, the extractions in different field plots should therefore be operated simultaneously.


Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a promising candidate to replace Pt towards the highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Heteroatom doping strategy is feasible to tune the electronic structures of Mo2C...


Nature inspired new drug molecules are developed through the medicinal chemistry approach has a great success in drug discovery. Efforts of chemists have succeeded in developing semi-synthetic derivatives to dominate the authentic natural product in terms of drug-likeness properties include increased potency, high affinity, selectivity, reduced toxicity and patient compliance. β-carbolines a family of indole-based alkaloids, remained as a privileged scaffold known to exhibit anticancer potential through various mechanisms. This review attracts the readers towards the ongoing developments (2017-2020) of β-Carboline with an significance on structure based rational drug design, multiparameter lead optimization strategies, SAR studies and its cytotoxic potential.


Redeploying the characters of Trueman and Lovewit from a 1953 Robertson Davies dialogue, this article playfully describes the precarious condition of theatre programs in the contemporary university, the changing condition of academic labour, and the emergence of new institutions staffed entirely by part-time instructors. It describes the author's experience of chairing a theatre program as the university underwent "PPP," the program prioritization process developed and marketed by the American consultant Robert Dickeson


Biological smell and taste systems can recognize the specific chemical signals presented by various odorants and taste substances with extremely high performance, which cannot be achieved by current artificial devices [...]


Six freedom integrate test platform for space docking mechanism is a key test equipment in developing docking mechanism on earth,being employed in the simulation of space docking process,to access the capture,cushion and emendation capability entirely.First,the multibody dynamic model established based on the virtual-work principle,in which the six-freedom movement simulator dynamic characteristic fully expressed in a simplified and universal format;then,the hydraulic drive system for the six freedom movement platform modeled,and the six freedom movement simulator model established accordingly as basis,the position tracking performance of the movement simulator simulated and analyzed in MatLab/Simulink environment in following,results show that the designed control system can meet the requirements of a engineering demand.


The present report describes the rare occurrence of bilateral prostatic squamous metaplasia associated with sertoli cell tumour in a nine years old Doberman dog.


Objective To study the expression of P16 protein in rectum cancer and the significance.Methods The expression of P16 protein in 57 cases of rectum cancer, 46 cases of adjacent tissue and 20 cases of normal rectum tissue was tested by immunohistochemical SP method.Results The expression rates in the three groups were 78.9%, 89.1% and 100% respectively. There were no significance differences between normal tissue and adjacent tissue, and between adjacent tissue and cancer. But a significance difference was revealed between the cancer and normal tissues. The expression of P16 protein in low differentiated adenocarcinoma was 54.5% and 86.9% in high-middle differentiated adenocarcinoma. The difference was significance. The P16 protein was found in nuclei and plasma in cancer but nucleus in normal and adjacent tissues. The loss of P16 seemed to be related with the Duke's degree. Conclusion The expression of P16 protein in rectum cancer is related to their histological differentiation and clinical stage. The expression location of P16 protein could be a characteristic for identifying benign and malignant tissue. It would be helpful for prognosis of rectum cancer patients.


Thank you for downloading information technologies for remote monitoring of the environment. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this information technologies for remote monitoring of the environment, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


Durkheim dismissed "intention" and "motives" from his conceptual framework in his effort to analyze suicide as a social fact He also rejected psychopathic states, heredity, and other "extra-social" factors as possible causes of suicide on the basis of statistical information available to him. This paper examines the way in which Durkheim worked out his position on the social conditions he regarded as responsible for suicide, and discusses some of the major problems involved. It is argued that Durkheim did not achieve the consistent position for which he strived, and that his methods did not always parallel his views on the use of "intention."


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of mandibular comminuted fracture treated by the treatment of line reconstruction plate,titanium miniplate rigid internal fixation and reduction.Methods 42 patients with mandibular comminuted fracture were divided into control group and treatment group with 21 cases in each group,they were accepted the treatment of line reconstruction plate,titanium miniplate rigid internal fixation and reduction.The patints in the treatment group were treated combined with intermaxillary traction,while in the control group without intermaxillary traction.The effects of both groups were compared.Results The patients with primary healing in 38 cases,wound infection occurred in 4 cases,they were cured by changing dressing,and the titanium plate was not removed.The total effective rate of treatment group was 90.5%(19\'21),significantly higher than that in the control group 71.4%(15\'21);the patients with poor occlusion in 2 cases in the treatment group,significantly less than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The treatment of reconstruction plate,titanium mini plate rigid internal fixation and intermaxillary traction in treating mandibular comminuted fracture,is proved to be more superior,better recovery,and fewer complications.


New flat-top windows by which per forming the measurement of the parameters that characterise periodic signals are presented. It is shown how, by applying these windows in the frequency domain beyond the FFT, the negative effects of both the spectral leakage and the harmonic interference are reduced without employing interpolation algorithms. The high accuracy of the results is confirmed by an error analysis. These windows are very useful in the determination of the harmonic content of the inverter output PWM waveforms supplying electrical motors, in order to qualify the entire drive.


Abstract We demonstrate the simultaneous temporal contrast improvement and pulse compression of a Yb-doped femtosecond laser via nonlinear elliptical polarization rotation in a solid state multi-pass cell. The temporal contrast is improved to 109, while the pulse is shortened from 181 to 36 fs, corresponding to a compression factor of 5. The output beam features excellent beam quality with M 2 values of 1.18 × 1.16. The total efficiency of the contrast enhancement system exceeds 50%. This technique will have wide applications in high temporal contrast ultra-intense femtosecond lasers.


Citation: Mazaheri M, Sadeghi M, Goodarzy K. Effectiveness of Divorce Prevention Package on Marital Distress in Couples Applying for a Agreement Divorce. Psychological Methods and Models. 2021; 12 (43): 8399. Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of divorce prevention package on the disturbance of couples of Apple's agreement divorce in Isfahan. Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed using pretestposttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all referral couples referred to consulting counseling centers in order to conduct an agreed divorce consultation in Isfahan in 2020. From this community 30 couples were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects completed the marital disturbance questionnaire (wishman et al., 2009) in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group undergoing a surprising divorce in the doctoral treatise under the name of the Divorce Prevention package in 14 sessions of 120 minutes in 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that marital disturbance scores in the couples of the experimental group in post-test and follow up were significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05). Conculsion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the divorce prevention package can be used as an interventional method in reducing marital distress of the apple divorce applicant.


Dual-frequency IP instrument is a kind of precise electronic instruments, and its error has strong influence to survey results. In order to check the characteristics of dual-frequency IP instruments, the authors have designed a simple RC-circuit. The authors have done the simulation test, and gotten satisfactory results.


We present a cw intracavity frequency-doubled TEM00 Nd:YVO4 laser oscillator pumped at 888 nm, producing 34 W of green light at 532 nm with M2 = 1.05 and RMS noise of 0.25%.


Embodiments of the invention the extraction efficiency and the invention of the excellent light-emitting package thermal stability, the light emitting unit; Photoconversion substrate disposed on the upper light emitting unit; And the binding material, and includes an adhesive member that is posted between the light emitting units, and between the photo-conversion board comprises an inorganic nano-particles dispersed in a silicone-based resin.


The significant growth of the domestic cement industry has increased competition between companies, thus demanding that companies improve their financial performance. For this reason, this study was conducted on three cement sub-sector companies listed on the IDX in the 2016-2018 periods with quota sampling. Researchers using comparison method to financial performance using liquidity ratios, solvency and profitability ratios with industry standard ratios. The results showed that in terms of the company's liquidity ratio of Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR) and Cash Ratio (CsR) of PT. Indocement Tunggal Tbk and PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk shows good financial performance since above the industry average. Meanwhile, PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk shows less financial performance since the CR, QR and CsR are below the industry average. Meanwhile, in terms of the company's solvency ratio by using Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) of PT. Indocement Tunggal Tbk, PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk and PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk shows good financial performance since the DER is below the industry average, while Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR) of PT. Indocement Tunggal Tbk and PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk shows good financial performance since the DAR is below the industry average, while PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk shows less financial performance because its DAR is above the industry average. Furthermore, in terms of company profitability by using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) of PT. Indocement Tunggal Tbk, PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk and PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk shows less of financial performance since the ROA, ROE and NPM are below the industry average, while from Operating Profit Margin (OPM) PT. Indocement Tunggal Tbk, PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk and PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk shows good financial performance because its OPM is above the industry average.


Simple Summary Keratinocyte carcinomas include BCC and cSCC and represent the most frequent cancer among fair-skinned people. Tumor development is associated with mutations and dysregulation of many genes involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The expression of these genes is controlled in many ways, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional control by circular RNAs. In recent studies, a number of circular RNAs have been identified that are dysregulated in BCC and cSCC. Biological functions relevant to tumor development were shown for some of these circRNAs, which may represent biomarkers for disease progression and targets for novel treatment approaches. Abstract Keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) include basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) and represents the most common cancer in Europe and North America. Both entities are characterized by a very high mutational burden, mainly UV signature mutations. Predominately mutated genes in BCC belong to the sonic hedgehog pathway, whereas, in cSCC, TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1/2 and others are most frequently mutated. In addition, the dysregulation of factors associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown in invasive cSCC. The expression of factors associated with tumorigenesis can be controlled in several ways and include non-coding RNA molecules, such as micro RNAs (miRNA) long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNA). To update findings on circRNA in KC, we reviewed 13 papers published since 2016, identified in a PubMed search. In both BCC and cSCC, numerous circRNAs were identified that were differently expressed compared to healthy skin. Some of them were shown to target miRNAs that are also dysregulated in KC. Moreover, some studies confirmed the biological functions of individual circRNAs involved in cancer development. Thus, circRNAs may be used as biomarkers of disease and disease progression and represent potential targets of new therapeutic approaches for KC.


We develop a general method to prove the existence of spectral gaps for Markov semigroups on Banach spaces. Unlike most previous work, the type of norm we consider for this analysis is neither a weighted supremum norm nor an LP-type norm, but involves the derivative of the observable as well and hence can be seen as a type of 1-Wasserstein distance. This turns Out to be a suitable approach for infinite-dimensional spaces where the usual Harris or Doeblin conditions, which are geared toward total variation convergence, often fail to hold. In the first part of this paper, we consider semigroups that have uniform behavior which one can view its the analog of Doeblin's condition. We then proceed to Study Situations where the behavior is not SO Uniform, but the system has a suitable Lyapunov structure, leading to a type of Harris condition. We finally show that the latter condition is satisfied by the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations. even in situations where the forcing is extremely de generate. Using the convergence result, we show that the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations' invariant measures depend continuously on the viscosity and the structure of the forcing.


The sudden appearance of diseases like SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome 1 ), the devastating impacts of diseases like Ebola on both human and wildlife communities, 2 , 3 and the immense social and economic costs created by viruses like HIV 4 underscore our need to understand the ecology of infectious diseases. Given that monkeys and apes often share parasites with humans, understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in nonhuman primates is of paramount importance. This is well illustrated by the HIV viruses, the causative agents of human AIDS, which evolved recently from related viruses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys 5 ), as well as by the outbreaks of Ebola virus, which trace their origins to zoonotic transmissions from local apes. 6 A consideration of how environmental change may promote contact between humans and nonhuman primates and thus increase the possibility of sharing infectious diseases detrimental to humans or nonhuman primates is now paramount in conservation and human health planning.


Since the setup of the Communist Party of China,it has been considering development as the guide and criterion of all their action,especially after reform and opening-up,based on the developing theory of Marx,from Mr. Deng Xiaoping,Mr. Jiang Zemin to Mr. Hu Jingtao,the views in different period on development come down in one continuous line and keep up with the times,and has greatly helped the development of China's economy. Based on the concept of outlook on development,this article discusses in detail the historical evolution of the Party's outlook on development since reform and opening-up at three historical stages.


Forty-four dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum were divided into two groups: 20 thrombocytopenic dogs with fewer than 150 × 109 platelets/I, and 24 non-thrombocytopenic dogs with more than 200 × 109 platelets/I. Ten clinically healthy dogs were used as controls. A haematological profile was obtained and the dogs' serum was used to assess the presence of platelet-binding IgM and IgG antibodies using a flow cytometry technique. Nineteen of the 20 thrombocytopenic dogs, and 13 of the 24 non-thrombocytopenic dogs had detectable levels of platelet-binding immunoglobulins, but none of the control dogs did so. The differences were significantly different for both IgM and IgG platelet-binding antibodies.


Abstract Background: The management of impalement penetrating brain injuries (IPBI) from non-missile objects is extremely challenging, especially when vascular structures are involved. Cerebral angiography is a crucial tool in initial evaluation to assess for vascular injury as standard non-invasive imaging modalities are limited by foreign body artifact, especially for metallic objects. Case study: This study reports a case of an IPBI caused by a segment of steel rebar resulting in injury to the left jugular bulb and posterior temporal lobe. It describes the initial presentation, radiology, management and outcome in this patient and reviews the literature of similar injuries.


Contraception is a critical tool in achieving favorable family planning, which has been reported with remarkable outcomes on the individual and country-based levels. Using contraceptive approaches has been reported to be cost efficacious with minimal side effects. It gives couples more freedom, privacy and control over their lives, which might also enhance the quality of life of these individuals. In the present study, we have reviewed evidence from current studies in the literature about the different approaches to contraception in primary care. We have discussed the different barrier and non-barrier approaches that have been validated in the literature as efficacious approaches that can achieve contraception. We also reviewed the safety profiles for the different modalities and whether they can be used or not. Overall, couples should consult with the primary care physician before approaching any modality to give them a better judgment about the potential benefits and risks of each suitable contraception tool. We suggest that educational campaigns should also be conducted to increase awareness and attitude about family planning and using contraceptive modalities to expand the application and favorable outcomes of using these tools.