We investigate the impact of family background variables on upper secondary transitions in Switzerland, and their subsequent impact on educational inequality. Transitions to upper secondary education may shape inequalities in countries such as Switzerland, characterized by early tracking and an extensive vocational track. Yet, the recent expansion of "universities of applied sciences" (i.e. tertiary vocational schools) may have mitigated the impact of schooling decisions made at the age of 15 years. Therefore, inequality of opportunities observed at various stages of the educational process may not be relevant for educational inequality. We make use of TREE, a unique database that consists of a follow-up of individuals …rst surveyed in the Swiss sample of PISA 2000, where upper secondary school choices can be observed together with cognitive ability and family background variables. We estimate a sequential model, which allows breaking down outcomes between inequality of opportunities and the weights of transitions. Our model shows that the importance of educational transitions heavily depends on ability and gender.


The disruptive and uncertain nature of the digital space requires that the first-time leader be very responsive in the dynamic environment. The agile and lean approaches provide the platform for the continuous development of talent and give autonomy to team members, allowing them to be creative and innovative in their approach which can result in novel solutions. New thinking and flexibility in leadership is paramount in a decentralized space that is filled with unpredictable, evolving, and complicated events. The success of first-time leaders will be dependent on their ability to navigate the evolving digital environment where the traditional hierarchical command-and-control leadership constructs are not welcome. Dynamic and revolutionary leadership practices are paramount in the new "workplace order" where changes occur almost at the speed of light. This exploratory study investigates how the merger of agile and lean thinking principles can result in a hybrid approach to leadership in the digital era.


The algorithm of management by efficiency of protection of the information in the distributed payment systems, on the basis of bank cards, from concrete roguish operation, with measure use chance of risk is resulted


To inspect a wiring harness assembly usually takes a lot of time and efforts due to its numerous inspection items. The objective of this research was to develop an automated optical inspection system for component detection, component positioning and length measurement of a wiring harness. A CMOS camera and an LED light source were used for this research. The labels on the wiring harness were inspected based on the average grayscale intensities of the image in the region of interest. Besides, the pattern matching method was used for component detection, and the edge detection method was used for the length measurement of the wiring branches. The automatic optical inspection system was evaluated by using 10 wiring harness assemblies. After resolving some technical issues, we could achieve 100% accuracy on the inspection of the 10 wiring harnesses.


In this report, the relationship between innermost plasmapause locations (Lpp) and initial electron enhancements during both storm and nonstorm (Dst > −30 nT) periods are examined using data from the Van Allen Probes. The geomagnetic storms are classified into coronal mass ejection (CME)‐driven and corotating interaction region (CIR)‐driven storms to explore their influences on the initial electron enhancements, respectively. We also study nonstorm time electron enhancements and observe frequent, sudden (within two consecutive orbital passes) <400‐keV electron enhancements during quiet periods. Our analysis reveals an incredibly cohesive observation that holds regardless of electron energies (~30 keV–2.5 MeV) or geomagnetic conditions: the innermost Lpp is the innermost boundary of the initial energetic electron enhancements. Interestingly, the quantified energy‐dependent relationship of the sudden, intense energetic electron enhancements, with respect to the innermost Lpp, also exhibit a very similar trend during both storm and nonstorm periods. In summary, the goal of this report is to provide a comprehensive quantification of this consistent relationship under various geomagnetic conditions, which will also enable better forecast and specification of energetic electrons in the inner magnetosphere.


Ultrasounds have been known very effective for biological sludge disintegration, which can be used as a pretreatment method prior anaerobic digestion or sludge minimization. This paper is a preliminary investigation of the involution of sludge matrix during sonication. The sludge was treated with 0.8 W/ml ultrasounds at 20 kHz and the changes of the sludge size, supernatant chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), supernatant protein, nitrogen, phosphate, protein, and polysaccharides during sonication were recorded. The results showed that ultrasonic sludge disintegration could be treated as a three-stages process. The first stage lasted around 5 minutes; during which the macro-flocs were destroyed, and the entrapped matters and free-water were released. The second stage lasted 10–15 minutes; during which the micro-flocs were destroyed, the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) were dissolved, the bacteria were disinfected, and the capillary water was released. The primary particulates dominated the last stage; and their small size prevented complete disintegration. As a result, the increase of supernatant organics showed a saturation effect.


Taking the problems existing in the teaching of college English majors as the breakthrough point, the author puts forward the application of innovative interactive teaching mode in college English majors under the background of big data. On the basis of summarizing the characteristics and forms of interactive teaching mode, the author discusses the application path of innovative interactive teaching curriculum reform in college English majors under the background of big data. The author hopes to provide new directions for college English majors curriculum teaching reform.


Fluoride is an important kind of essential elements in groundwater in HuaiBei plain in Anhui province, but excessive fluorine can cause endemic fluorine disease for human such as dental fluorine. In the north-central area of the area,according to the survey, the fluorine from groundwater is more than the standards of drinking water. From northwest to southeast, fluorine content of shallow groundwater in Huaibei plains decrease gradually, and content of fluorine exceeds standard in some areas. Fluorine-containing mineral constantly dissolving is the main reason for causing fluorine ion concentration enrichment in the shallow groundwater. The climate and runoff conditions in Huaibei plain are important external factors for the concentration of fluoride. However, deposit environment is alos the interior factor. The complex hydrochemical condition makes fluoride to be more dissolved or more undissolved. However, the alkaline conditions and the low hardness conditions of the groundwater are in favor of fluoride dissolved.


A three-layer cerebellar cortex presents a kind of ideal network for early perceptron theories, but its functioning is much more complicated. Three related topics connected with information coding and memorizing mechanisms in the cerebellum are considered: 1) demonstration that activity transformation by granule cells, conserves the signal continuity provided by snake-in-box type codes; 2) determining precision requirements for the standard CMAC as well as for more realistic cerebellar models to meet demands of adaptive critic based solutions for a nonlinear control problem (swinging pendulum); and 3) demonstration that the closed loop scheme for the synaptic weight adjustment provides a precise setting of cerebellar input-output relations and multiple predictions for physiological experiments.


In this work, we propose a novel statistical "genome- guided" method called "Transciptome Reconstruction us- ing Integer Programing" (TRIP) that incorporates fragment length distribution into novel transcript reconstruction from paired-end RNA-Seq reads. To reconstruct novel transcipts, we create a splice graph based an exact annotation of exon boundaries and RNA-Seq reads. The exact annotation of exons can be obtained from annotation databases (e.g., Ensembl) or can be inferred from aligned RNA-Seq reads. A splice graph is a directed acyclic graph (DAG), whose vertices represent exons and edges represent splicing events. We enumerate all maximal paths in the splice graph using adepth-first-search (DFS) algorithm. These paths correspond to putative transcripts and are the input for the TRIP algorithm.


Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, firstname.lastname@example.com; Fax: +86-515-8829-8 School of Environmental Science and Engin Yancheng 224051, China School of Materials Engineering, Yanche 224051, P. R. China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center Environmental Protection Equipments, Yan 224051, China. E-mail: email@example.com † Electronic supplementary informat electrochemical measurement, TEM ima XPS spectra of as-prepared samples, UV-v See DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25272a Cite this: RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 947


The work presented in this paper focuses on studying the batch adsorption of a basic dye, Methylene Blue (MB), from aqueous solution onto the spent cottonseed hull substrate (SCHS) after used for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, in order to explore its potential use as a low-cost natural biosorbent for dye removal from wastewater. The biosorbent–MB interaction mechanism was investigated using a combination of FTIR and SEM techniques. Variables of the system, including solution pH, particle size, reaction time, SCHS dosage and initial MB concentration, were adjusted to study their effects on MB biosorption. The results showed that the kinetics of dye removal by SCHS was rapid, with 90.0% sorption within the first 5 min and equilibrium attained after 180 min. Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir adsorption models. The maximum amount of MB adsorbed on SCHS was 185.22 mg/g. As a new adsorbent, experimental study showed that vast potential capacity for adsorbing MB...


Dialkylbromoboranes react steadily with hydroxide-free sodium hydride in diglyme, in the presence of alkenes, to give nearly quantitative yields of partly mixed trialkylboranes. The reaction proceeds too slowly to allow prior clean preparation of dialkylboranes, so reaction in the presence of alkenes possessing hydride-sensitive functional groups is not possible, although terminal alkynes can be hydroborated in situ by a modified experimental procedure. Potassium hydride reacts much more rapidly with dialkylbromoboranes, the reactions being complete within minutes at 20 °C, but the yields are lower. Addition of dibenzo-18-crown-6 leads to an increase in yield but the results are still inferior to those obtained using sodium hydride. Reaction of dialkylbromoboranes with lithium hydride is very sluggish.


MDRC is conducting the Employment Retention and Advancement project under a contract with the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), funded by HHS under a competitive award, Contract No. HHS-105-99-8100. Additional funding has been provided by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). The Lewin Group, as a subcontractor, helped provide technical assistance to the sites. HumRRO, as a subcontractor, fielded the client surveys. The findings and conclusions presented herein do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of HHS. Dissemination of MDRC publications is supported by the following funders that help finance MDRC's public policy outreach and expanding efforts to communicate the results and implications of our work to policymakers, practitioners, and others: The Ambrose Monell Foundation, Overview This report presents implementation and two-year effectiveness results for the Reach for Success (RFS) program, operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services (DPSS). RFS offered individualized and flexible case management services to recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance benefits –– primarily, single mothers who were working at least 32 hours per week but earned too little to leave assistance. DPSS administrators designed RFS with the goal of helping individuals retain their employment and secure better jobs, and it sought to meet this goal by increasing the availability and improving the quality of case management services, relative to services offered as part of the agency's existing postemployment services (PES) program. Participation in services in either program was voluntary. RFS operated from March 2002 to June 2005 in three regions in the county. RFS is one of 16 innovative models across the country being evaluated as part of the Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) project under contract to the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Labor. The evaluation of RFS uses a random assignment research design, whereby eligible individuals were assigned, through a lottery-like process, to one of two groups. Those assigned to the RFS group were actively recruited to participate in services and were offered personalized case management. Those assigned to the control group were eligible to request, on their own initiative, services from the county's existing postemployment program. The report's findings thus indicate whether Los Angeles's new RFS program was more effective than its existing approach …


Abstract Background: In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the role of skin microcirculation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The vascular network of the skin is mainly distributed in the dermis and the subcutaneous fat layer join. The microvessels are composed of terminal arterioles, arteriovenous capillaries, and postcapillary venules. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by promoting angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum VEGF and psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Database, Wan Fang Database, and Chong Qing VIP Database will be searched to collect case-control studies and cohort studies and evaluate the relationship between serum VEGF and psoriasis vulgaris. The search time limits will be from the establishment of the database to December 2020. Two researchers will independently screen the studies, extract data, and evaluate the risk of bias of the studies. The Meta-analysis will be carried out with the RevMan5.3 software. The quality of all included studies will be evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: This study will evaluate the relationship between serum VEGF and the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Conclusion: This study will provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. OSF registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6DV8P


Self-assembly of islands during strained layer epitaxy is an established and successful method to form nanoscale structures which are exploit for their novel electronic and optical properties. Beyond the random nature of self-assembly being able to choose the island nucleation site will open future device applications such as quantum cellular automata [1]. The growth on Mesa structures or windows in an ultra thin oxide are successful methods to control nucleation sites [2,3], but with major disadvantages like not being able to incorporate the islands in an epitaxial silicon film. The ability to laterally pattern substrates without changing surface topography is therefore a key to novel device technologies. Addressing this problem, we found that focused ion beam (FIB) patterning is a promising tool to control the nucleation sites of Ge islands on Si(001) on a nanoscale [4].


Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are commonly seen in clinical practice as meningitis, lymphadenopathy, osteomyelitis and urogenital tuberculosis. Tubercular mastitis, however, is a relatively rare condition. Nagashima (1925) did not find involvement of breast in a single case, out of 34 autopsies on patients with miliary tuberculosis. It is not only very rare in Western countries (Haagenson 1971) but also uncommon in India where other forms of tuberculosis are more prevalent (Dharkar et al, 1968; Tanga et al; 1973; Goswami and Kakoti; 1971; and Dubey and Agarwal, 1968). The present report represents a clinico-pathological spectrum and stresses the importance of histological examination of breast lumps, so as to avoid unnecessary mastectomies.


In order to provide an art for reducing heater resistance without increasing the thickness and width of a heater, this heater for an optical waveguide is provided with: a heater formed close to an optical waveguide; first electrodes, which are formed to be electrically connected to the heater, and to which a first potential is applied; and a second electrode, which is formed to be electrically connected to the heater, and to which a second potential is applied, said second potential being different from the first potential. The first electrodes and the second electrode are alternately disposed such that the heater is partitioned into two or more regions.


Childhood trauma is among the most relevant and significant psychosocial factors affecting education today (Blaustein, 2013). The effects of those traumas are far reaching, with the potential to influence students, families, educators, and the overall school culture. Exposure to adverse experiences and childhood traumas poses a significant risk to student learning and mental health and is far more pervasive than previously thought. Whether the trauma is the result of chronic adverse experiences (e.g., neglect) or an acute crisis event (e.g., a tornado), schools play a crucial and unique role in mitigating the effects of adversity, stress, and trauma on students. Given the large influence that schools have on the lives of youth, their responsibility for supporting the social and emotional development of students should not be overlooked. Schools are well-suited to offer an ongoing presence of trained, caring, stable adults; a learning environment that can naturally support and develop resilience and coping skills; and partnerships with families and community providers to help provide comprehensive supports. Addressing trauma and its related issues is essential to the mission and purpose of schools: learning. Traumatized students are often focused on survival, which hampers their ability to learn, socialize, and develop the skills needed to thrive. Failure to provide adequate infrastructure to support students with trauma histories can undermine academic success. School staff members may also be affected by trauma, both in their roles as caregivers for students and by experiencing a crisis event themselves as part of the school community. As with students, teachers and Traumatized students are often focused on survival, which hampers their ability to learn, socialize, and develop the skills needed to thrive.


This paper reviews the literature about the common complications, evaluation tools and intervention measures of free flap repair for tongue cancer patients at home and abroad, summarizes the current research status, and points out that the nursing plan of free flap repair for tongue cancer patients needs to be further standardized, and needs to carry out evidence-based clinical research.

Key words:
Tongue neoplasms; Free flap; Post-operative nursing


To provide a common, multi -dimensional fram ework for integrated conflict prediction and resolution, the concept of conflict probing is used. The conflict probes perform predictions about the future separation with traffic, terrain and other hazards for a range of variations to the current velocity vector. This results in a single matrix with information about the effect on future separation for each particular combination of track and flight path angle contained in the matrix. The concept of total energy is used to provide an upper constraint to the solution space, expressed in maximum potential flight path angle. A cost function is used to prioritize different options. To inform the operator about the scheduled action and/or maneuver options, a graphical user interface, comprising additions to the primary flight display and navigation display, has been designed. The concept is applicable to a range op system authority levels.


Abstract N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2′-ethanesulfonic acid (Hepes) has been tested as an alternative to tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminoethane (Tris) for hydrogen-ion buffering of algal cultures. Hepes satisfactorily buffered both freshwater and artificial seawater media and has been used successfully to grow 25 species of microalgae from five classes. Electron microscopic fixations of Tetraselmis striata Butcher (Prasinophyceae) and Amphidinium rhyncocephalum Anissimowa (Dinophyceae) buffered by Hepes have given far superior ultrastructural preservation than fixations buffered by Tris. The substitution of Hepes for Tris allows a defined seawater medium to be used as a fixative vehicle for the first time.


In the 13th century, the orthodox regime of China is ruled by the Mongols from the North, setting up Yuan Dynasty. Because the Mongols regards expanding the territory as the state basic policy, launching to near country, include Southeast Asia, etc. Zhou Daguan was sent as an envoy to Cambodia, considered to be the thing that takes action to survey Cambodia. After Zhou Daguan came back home, he has written this book "Notes on the Customs of Cambodia", has become only in the world keep of the situation at that time. Zhou Daguan has not left his materials, we come to infer his life from other materials, and probe into the value of this book. Finally, our focal point is placing on the discussion of the city, visiting the locality by archaeology, and reducing the 13th century Angkor's style and features. There was the greatest civilization in Southeast Asia in those period, reflecting it in such great buildings as Angkor Wat, etc. We should pay have very high attention to it.


Oxidative modifications are a hallmark of oxidative imbalance in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's diseases (AD). While the causes of oxidative stress are relatively well‐documented, the effects of chronically reducing oxidative stress on pathology and biochemistry require further clarification. The present study was designed to investigate the dietary supplementation of 2% or 4% date palm fruits dates on oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and hippocampal neuron injury in APPSw2576 transgenic (Tg) mice. The Tg 2576 mice were fed with 2% dates or 4% dates by dietary supplementation for 15 months. After 15 months, the mice were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected. Redox markers such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, TBARS, hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, E, C, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductas, glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase activity/levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive neuron and hippocampal neuronal histology were also done. Significantly increased oxidative stress parameters with reduction in the level of antioxidants, ChAT positive neuronas and damaged hippocampal neurons in were found in AD Tg 2576. These abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by date palm fruits supplementation. In contrast, administration of date palm fruits rich diet to mice strongly suggested a putative delay in the formation of plaques, as indicated by a decreasing tendency of soluble and fibrillar Aβ levels in hippocampus which correlated with a decrease in Aβ (1‐40, 1‐42) plasma content. The more effect was found in the animal fed with 4% dates compared to 2% date. Our results suggest that date palm fruits growing in Oman might be able to offer protection against neuronal injury and oxidative stress in AD Tg mice, this may be due to its antioxidant potential. This project was supported by The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01)


Recently,with the booming of tour to traditional village and town resorts(TVTR),more scholars have become concerned with tourism research on this type of resorts.The authors make a detailed review of both overseas and domestic literatures on studies of tourism development at TVTR,and point out that overseas studies mainly concern impacts of tourism at TVTR,relationship between tourism development and the keeping of cultural authenticity at TVTR,sustainable development of tourism at TVTR,etc.To compare with overseas literatures,we may find that at present,there still remains a long distance between domestic and overseas studies in terms of study contents,methods,domains and depth,etc.,waiting to be extended and improved.Thereafter,the authors propose the following work to be done in the future in order to further domestic studies and narrow the distance with the international circle: to extend and deepen the study domains,to advance both study theory and methods,to improve the status quo that theoretical study of TVTR lags behind its practical development,etc.


Fostered by the pioneering efforts of Richard Posner, William Landes and others, the early 1970's marked the beginning of a period of intense interest by economists in the application of economic tools to the operations of the legal and judicial system. This analytical investigation sparked an examination of the economic motives guiding such key players, in civil and criminal contests, as judges, prosecutors, plaintiffs, defendants and administrators of regulatory


In order toexplore theextent ofthis control, cultures ofAquaspirillum magnetotacticum intheexponential growth phasewereexposed toincreasing magnetic pulses withtheaimofseparating cell populations onthebasis of their magnetic coercivities. Isothermal remanent magnetization andanhysteretic remanentmagnetization studies wereperformed withfreeze-dried magnetic cells after theremagnetization treatment. Subpopulations ofA.magnetotacticum thatshowed anincrease incoercivity correlated withtheintensity ofthemagnetic pulses wereisolated. After successive subcultures oftheremaining north-seeking cells, amaximumbulkcoercivity (Hbnax) of40mT wasobtained after treatment witha55-mTpulse. Although weobtained A.magnetotacticum variants displaying higher coercivities thanthewild-type strain, changes incrystal sizeorshapeofthe magnetite crystals werebelowreliable detection limits withtransmission electron microscopy. Attempts toshift thecoercivity towards higher values caused ittodecrease, achange whichwasaccompanied byanincrease in magnetostatic interactions ofthemagnetosome chains aswellasanincrease inthecell population displaying anabnormal distribution ofthemagnetosome chains. Ultrastructural analyses ofcells andmagnetosomes revealed theappearance ofcystlike bodies whichoccasionally contained magnetosomes. Theincrease incystlike cells andabnormal magnetosome chains whenhigher magnetic pulses wereusedsuggested thatmagnetosomes werecollapsing because ofstronger interparticle magnetostatic forces. Inthe10years since Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum was reported andcharacterized (1,2,20), thediscovery ofother magnetotactic microorganisms thatmakedifferently sized andshaped magnetite (Fe304) crystals hasshownthatthe crystallographic andmagnetic features ofthecrystals are species specific (3,17,22,25,26,28). Fromatechnological point ofview,itwouldbehighly desirable todefine the mechanisms involved inthebioprecipitation ofmagnetite in ordertobeabletocontrol theshapeandsizeofthese single-domain particles. Unfortunately, theregulatory mechanismsinvolved inmagnetite biomineralization areun


The dissolution of the federation, war in the immediate environment, the UN sanctions, scarce investment as well as the NATO air-attacks had disastrous consequences for trade and financial relations of Serbia with foreign countries. Simultaneously, its foreign debt rose sharply due to the accrued interests, being at the end of 2000 substantially higher than Serbian gross domestic product. Thanks to the write-off of 51% of debt towards the Paris club, a windfall of donations and obtaining new favorable medium-term and long-term credits, the condition of Serbia's international financial relations considerably improved in the period 2001-2003, thus enabling it to run a foreign-exchange surplus during this period. Due to the policy of de facto floating exchange rate, sudden and drastic liberalization of imports and the lack of non-tariff protection, exports of goods and services in the last three years, contrary to plans, have increased much more slowly than imports, resulting in a large increase in growth and an enormously high level of trade deficit unsustainable in the long run. Due to new credits euro-denominated and other foreign-currency denominated debts being converted into the increasingly weaker dollar and the accrual of interests Serbian foreign debt increased sharply reaching an all-time high at the end of last year and being twice as high as was officially predicted three years before. The level of foreign debt is very high. Trade deficit and foreign indebtedness have become the most serious problems of Serbian economy and unless appropriate measures are taken, it will soon face a serious debt crisis.


The purpose of this review is to present some studies existing in the literature that show that patients that experience anxiety in real-life situations can obtain advantages through virtual reality, as alternative form of cognitive, emotional and behavioural exposition. After a brief introduction, we will proceed to an analysis of the scientific contributions concerning virtual reality-ba sed interventions. Google Scholar employed to search studies on this topic from 1992 through 2019. Studies were eligible if the article: (a) concerned subjects with anxiety disorders; (b) showed the effects of VR exposure therapy for anxiety treatment; (c) employed the use of immersive VR only, keeping out not-immersive VR; (d) was published in English; (e) referred to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Overall, six studies met the eligibility criteria. The benefits of VR have been largely acknowledged and VRE is revealing effective resources in different fields of psychology and health-related disciplines. However, existing evidence is insufficient because of the paucity of studies and lack of high-quality research designs. In the future, studies may build upon these limitations to extend virtual reality-based interventions into clinical settings.


Since the concept of joint spectrum for a family of operators was initially introduced by R Arens and AP Calderon [1丄 several authors have established its definithi^^aiid properties. The typical and siuresrful definitions among them have carried out by J.L. Taylor [8] and A.T. Dash [6〕. In this paper we give a characterization of the joint spectrum, in the sense of J.L. Taylor of a pair of commuting operators on Hilbert spaces and some applications are given. Let H be a complex Hilbert space and B(H) the algebra of all linear continuous operators on H. Let q=(角,%)UB(可 be a pair of commuting operators. Consider the sequence


Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have proven to be useful components in optical interconnection and routing systems, especially where volume, weight, and design flexibility are important. We show that it is possible to increase the functionality of DOEs by making them polarization-selective, i.e. anisotropic. Several anisotropic diffractive optical elements (ADOEs) were fabricated in calcite by means of simple wet etching technology, and characterized experimentally. Both anisotropic Fresnel lenses and gratings have been studied. First order efficiencies of more than 12% and contrast ratios of over 110:1 have been observed for off-axis elements. To demonstrate the potential of these ADOEs we have built an electrically controlled beam deflector which consists of a liquid crystal polarization modulator and an anisotropic grating. An incident beam can then be deflected to two different pairs of points by changing the voltage applied to the liquid crystal modulator. We show the high contrast ratios observed when simultaneously measuring the intensity in each point while the voltage on the liquid crystal is modulated.


Summary The purpose of this communication is to report results obtained in a study whose scope was to examine the effect of mat moisture content (mc) and wax content on the bonding efficiency of particleboards bonded with UF and EMDI resin, as determined by internal bond strength. It was found that the MC of the mat did not significantly affect the bonding efficiency of EMDI bonded boards, but the bonding efficiency of UF bonded boards were influenced. The inclusion of 1% wax significantly affected the bonding efficiency of both resins, however the loss in strength was higher in UF than in EMDI bonded boards.


Let A and B be two Banach algebras and T : B → A be a bounded homomorphism, with ‖T‖ ≤ 1. Recently, Dabhi, Jabbari and Haghnejad Azar (Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.) 31 (2015), no. 9, 1461– 1474) obtained some results about the n-weak amenability of A ×T B. In the present paper, we address a gap in the proof of these results and extend and improve them by discussing general necessary and sufficient conditions for A×T B to be n-weakly amenable, for an integer n ≥ 0.


Up-regulation of DLL4 contributes to the angiogenesis in malignant tumors, and thus promote tumor growth. While down-regulation of DLL4 would cause antiangiogenesis and restrain tumor growth through forming a large number of no-function blood vessels. Thus it can be used in anti-VEGF tolerant tumors. Recently, DLL4 monoclonal antibody agents have entered clinic studies, and has achieved good curative effect in anti-VEGF tolerant tumors, but there are also some side effects. DLL4 would bring higher clinic value for cancer therapy if the side effects can be prevented effectively.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Vascular endothelial growth factors; Therapy


By using present situation-evaluation index system of irrigation district,Present-situation comprehe-nsive evaluation is conducted of large-sized irrigation district in Liaoning province and the urgent degree of water-saving reform of irrigation district is analyzed. At the same time, this paper presented so more intuitive estimated result from qualitative angle and aimed at providing decision-making support for construction and management of water-saving reform of large-sized irrigation districts.


CHRONIC GLAUCOMA causes a slowly progressive, segmental degeneration and loss of optic nerve fibers in elderly and old people. Fibres from central parts of the retina are spared until l a t e in the course of the disease. The visual acuity i s therefore no t lowered by chronic glaucoma i n the early stages. Affected persons are said to have few and inconspicuous symptoms. Eventually even the central remnant of vision may get lost . In that case the eye goes b l i n d fo r good. A t this stage the patient is l ikely to v i s i t an ophthalmologist and the second eye may well be found to have advanced irreversible 1 esions too.


Abstract:In 1711, an anonymous author added a new preface and a new final part to two existing volumes of Histoire secrette de La reine Zarah, et des Zaraziens, a French translation of The Secret History of Queen Zarah and the Zarazians (1705). Previous scholarship on this well-known English text has neither addressed its French translations, nor analyzed these additions. This essay reads the additions as a response to changes in British domestic politics and to political relations between Britain and France during the final phase of the War of the Spanish Succession. It also uses the relationship between Queen Zarah and La reine Zarah as a lens through which to explore the relationship between secret history and translation more broadly. I argue that translation conceived of as a movement or exchange between conditions or states, rather than just as a linguistic phenomenon, is a defining feature of secret history. The connections between translation and secret history offer new perspectives on eighteenth-century approaches to genre, national and partisan identity, authorship, and attribution.


In this paper, an event-triggered bipartite consensus control protocol is proposed for multi-agent systems. A clock variable is introduced to design a distributed event-triggered control law. Meanwhile, each agent broadcasts the sampling state to some of its neighbors when an event occurs. Moreover, we analyze that the Zeno behavior is excluded in the proposed event-triggered control protocol. Compared with the existing static and dynamic triggering mechanisms, the devisable minimum inter-event time and transmission mechanism can be flexibly adapted to the various hardware limitations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by simulation results.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate, in a murine model of protein-energy malnutrition, whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves the host response to a septic challenge and to determine the potential mechanisms involved.

DESIGN
Nonblinded study of GM-CSF in mice with protein-energy malnutrition.

SETTING
A university-based surgical laboratory and animal facility.

INTERVENTION
In study 1, malnourished mice were randomized to receive either GM-CSF (120 micrograms/kg subcutaneously to receive either GM-CSF (120 micrograms/kg subcutaneously from day 4 to 7 of the protein-free diet) or saline vehicle as a control. On day 7, all mice were given Candida albicans (5 x 10(5) organisms intravenously). In study 2, malnourished mice received the same dose of GM-CSF or saline vehicle for 7 days of the protein-free diet.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
In study 1 mice were followed up for survival. In study 2, after 7 days of diets, splenic macrophages were harvested and were assayed for interleukin-6, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide production. Splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (5 micrograms/mL) for interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma production.

RESULTS
Treatment with GM-CSF significantly enhanced survival in malnourished mice infected with C albicans. Treatment with GM-CSF was associated with increased production from splenic macrophages of interleukin-6, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide as well as decreased interleukin-4 production from splenocytes.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests a beneficial role for GM-CSF in the malnourished host predisposed to infection. The antimicrobial properties of GM-CSF may function through enhanced production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion.


In this study,the plateau area of Hebei Province,Chengde dam natural Betula platyphylla forest as research object,based on the investigation data of Betula platyphylla natural communities,select average wood by stem analysis,in order to understand the growth rule.Research results show that:35Abirch forest did not reach the quantitative maturity,the current annual increment of tree height and average growth was gently rising trend,the current annual increment of DBH and average growth trend some turbulence,but overall is still on the rise,increasing annual growth of volume and the average growth quantity more obvious.


We have developed a dynamic/thermodynamic finite element numerical model that couples inland ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf dynamics. This new model stands apart from other whole ice sheet models in its explicit treatment of ice stream flow. Additionally, the model accounts for both horizontal and vertical advection and diffusion of temperature in the flowing ice. In present day simulations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), modeled ice velocity agrees well with observed ice flow. In particular, the model reproduces the pattern of speed variation across ice streams although the continuous downstream speed up of ice flow cannot be reproduced without concurrent downstream variation in basal friction. Model thermodynamics, evaluated qualitatively by model prediction of the spatial distribution of basal melting and quantitatively by comparison with ice temperature measured in boreholes at several locations, are sound. In particular, the model reproduces the broad pattern of frozen-bed inter-ice stream ridges and melted-bed ice streams. Model initialization for long-time simulations is somewhat limited by computation time and by a thermodynamic feedback at sites of large viscous heating that can be a problem in heat balance only model initializations. Methods for averting those initialization problems are discussed. The new model can accommodate a variety of boundary conditions (such as various bed rheologies) and is well-suited to investigate the origin and evolution of WAIS ice streams within the context of the whole ice sheet system.


Low-frequency (LF) noise measurements, at room temperature and above the Curie point, were conducted in barium titanate ceramic resistors. Experiments show that the LF noise behaviors are governed by grain boundary tunneling at room temperature and by trapping and detrapping of the grain boundary states at temperatures above the Curie point and their physical models are developed, These observations provide additional information on the current conduction and the distribution of grain boundary states in these materials.


with none of the U.S.-U.K. series. The bed-rest cases had had no prophylaxis until after this assessment, and the U.S.-U.K. group were given penicillin followed by sulphonamide 1 g. daily in hospital and after discharge. Recurrences were more frequent in the unprotected group: some had more than one, whereas this never occurred in the protected group, and, as has been stated, many unprotected cases were worse after the recurrences whereas there was no deterioration in the protected. The type of case that did worse in the unprotected group, those admitted in second attacks with marked carditis, did not have recurrences while on prophylaxis. We believe, therefore, that the differences in cardiac status at follow-up between the two groups of casesone treated with salicylate or hormone in hospital and given prophylaxis and the other by bed rest and no prophylaxis-can be explained wholly by the beneficial effect of prophylaxis in reducing the number of recurrences and thereby the ultimate amount of cardiac damage, and that other drug treatment played no significant part. Thus our finding in the acute phase of the disease-that hormone therapy in the dosage we have used, though of value in special circumstances, does not significantly affect cardiac status in the majority of cases -has been borne out by the subsequent course at followup. The results emphasize, however, the value of prophylaxis, and show that this is the most certain method we have at present of reducing morbidity from rheumatic heart disease.


other science. Well attested facts and sound logic, combined if possible with literary courtesy, these are what, I am sure, your readers wish, and whoever brings them to your mill and helps to establish truth or sweep away error will be welcomed. I trust I have avoided saying anything of which Mr. Jukes-Browne can complain, for I have profited a good deal from what he has written elsewhere. 1 have no wish to exchange sharp words.


1 A field experiment in a native grassland in Central Alberta, Canada, tested whether plants alter relative allocation to roots vs. shoots in response to below‐ground competition, and whether the mass of a species' root system accounts for interspecific differences in below‐ground competitive response. 2 Seedlings of each of 10 native species were transplanted into the naturally occurring vegetation in the field at the start of the growing season. Root interactions between the target plants and their neighbours were manipulated through the use of PVC root exclusion tubes, with target plants grown with or without potential root interactions with their neighbours. Neighbour shoots were also tied back, forcing any target–neighbour interactions to be below ground. 3 Below‐ground competition generally reduced plant growth, with its relative magnitude varying among species. 4 An allometric analysis indicated that competition below ground did not result in an increase in the relative biomass allocated to roots for any of the 10 target species. This is counter to the growth‐balance hypothesis (and optimal foraging theory). Below‐ground competition did increase root : shoot ratios, but this was due to reduced plant size (small plants have larger root : shoot ratios), rather than adaptive plasticity. 5 A species' below‐ground competitive ability was not related to its root system size. Although this finding is counter to commonly made assumptions, it is supported by other work demonstrating below‐ground competition to be generally size‐symmetric. 6 Despite the majority of plant–plant interactions in grasslands being below ground, our understanding of plant competition above ground is significantly more robust. Several wide‐spread assumptions regarding below‐ground competition are suspect, and more multispecies studies such as this are required to provide a fuller picture of how plants respond to, and compete for, soil resources.


We present MoSCA, a run-time framework for the discovery and composition of services in mobile environments. MoSCA combines information about users' historical mobility patterns, together with composition semantics, to maximise the chances of successfully consumed compound services.


The second law of thermodynamics is presented in terms of the heat accumulation function. The meaning of the heat accumulation functions is illustrated by a practical example. The optimization problem of heat engines is formulated with the aid of the heat accumulation function at a very general level. As an example, we have studied a heat engine process where the heat input and output changes are limited by the finite heat capacity of the combustion air. We have obtained formulas for estimating the maximum efficiency for heat engines as a function of the ratio of the combustion heat and the heat capacity of the combustion air. Representative numerical examples are presented.


This article is dedicated to approaches to discourse typology, particularly, by such scientists as T.V. Anisimova, V.I. Karasik et al. As talk shows affect points of view of large numbers of people, discourse thereof ought to be analyzed in order to understand the mechanism of action. It appears reasonable to study talk show discourse as institutional discourse (according to V.I. Karasik): type participants, chronotope, goals, values, strategies, genres, precedent texts and discourse formulas.


【Objective】To investigate the situation of prevalence and drug resistance for pseudomonas aerugi-nosa,analyse the risk factors for multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDRP)infections.【Methods】The susceptivity to 8 antibiotics of nonduplicated pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)collected from 2004 to 2007 were de-tected by Kirby Bauer(K-B)method.The data of 34 cases of MDRP nosocomial infections and 67 cases of antibiot-ic-sensitive PA infection were randomized as control.T-test,chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistics.【Results】Among 101 strains of non-repeated PA,mainly isolated from department of neurology and ICU.The isolated rate of sputum was the highest(89.11%).According to univariate analysis,the factorsassociat-ed with the development of MDRP nosocomial infection were age,coinfection with other pathogens,ever stay in ICU,mechanical ventilation,patient stay≥4weeks,COPD,fluoroquinolone and imipenem/meropenem use 15 days before isolation of MDRP.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three independent factors:mechanical ventila-tion,ever stay in ICU,and previous imipenem/meropenem use.【Conclusions】Independent risk factors of MDRP infections are admission in ICU,mechanical ventilation and used imipenem/meropenem.To control nosocomial pneumonia caused by PA,we should enhance our survey on the patients,emphasize bacteria-free operation technol-ogy,and control the use of breathing-machine.


The lasing characteristics of optically pumped In0.53Ga0.47As/InP MQW structures grown by chloride vapour-phase epitaxy were investigated. A detailed examination of the stimulated emission spectra shows that the MQW structures have good heterointerface properties.


Nanofiber is an emerging innovative material that promises exciting opportunities in electronic devices and biosensoring, driven by its simplicity and economic production at a larger scale. The capability of fine-tuning its properties by surface modification makes nanofiber feasible for biomolecules binding, such as DNA, protein and enzyme, with a high loading due to its nano-scale feature. In this chapter, the characteristics of nanofiber and the lab-scale fabrication of nanofiber-based electronics and biosensors are addressed. The general electrospinning and new strategies for nanofiber electrospinning are elaborated while the highlighted drawbacks associated with the lab-scale production include the manual operation, safety issue, collection and low throughput. Finally, the review covers the technologies for large-scale nanofiber production, for example, using modified lab-scale electrospinning set-ups, melt electrospinning or spinning the solutions or melts by magnetic, shear and centrifugal forces. The feasibility of the techniques for the production of electronics and sensor application in nanofiber are also described. It includes the state-of-the-art of the commercially available nanofiber-based products in addition to the description of companies that have successfully commercialized products.


School policies and staff attitudes/perceptions regarding ethnic minority children were examined as part of a broader investigation into adult‐child interaction styles in multi‐cultural nursery schools. Headteachers and staff conveyed considerable uncertainty regarding ethnic minority children, both in terms of policies and practice. Attitudes were frequently over‐generalised, superficial and lacking in insight. While it was generally acknowledged that ethnic minority children had problems with language, staff tended to underestimate the extent of the difficulties experienced by individual children, their perceptions being dominated by behavioural difficulties. The findings are discussed in the context of the system of nursery school organisation, and the implications for the quality of staff‐child interactions are considered.


ABSTRACT HSP27 is an ATP-independent chaperone that confers protection against apoptosis through various mechanisms, including a direct interaction with cytochrome c. Here we show that HSP27 overexpression in various cell types enhances the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by the 26S proteasome in response to stressful stimuli, such as etoposide or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We demonstrate that HSP27 binds to polyubiquitin chains and to the 26S proteasome in vitro and in vivo. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the activation of transcription factor NF-κB by degrading its main inhibitor, I-κBα. HSP27 overexpression increases NF-κB nuclear relocalization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity induced by etoposide, ΤNF-α, and interleukin 1β. HSP27 does not affect I-κBα phosphorylation but enhances the degradation of phosphorylated I-κBα by the proteasome. The interaction of HSP27 with the 26S proteasome is required to activate the proteasome and the degradation of phosphorylated I-κBα. A protein complex that includes HSP27, phosphorylated I-κBα, and the 26S proteasome is formed. Based on these observations, we propose that HSP27, under stress conditions, favors the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, such as phosphorylated I-κBα. This novel function of HSP27 would account for its antiapoptotic properties through the enhancement of NF-κB activity.


The material, which serves as the basis of the description below, comprises several microscope slides bearing in toto mounts of two scoleces and the strobilae of seven different tapeworms, taken from the lumen of the small intestine of a pintail duck, Anas acuta tzitzihoa, collected at Lake Carl Blackwell near Stillwater, Oklahoma, in October 1940. The cestodes had been fixed in hot Bouin's fluid and stained in borax carmine. They represent an apparently new species of Hymenolepis for which the name H. parvisaccata is proposed. Indebtedness is acknowledged to Mr. Mason Eugene Brock who collected the specimens and prepared the slides.


According to the importance of the seismic design of buildings,the author detailedly introduces the principle of the seismic conceptual design of the construction engineering from the aspects of the plane and elevation arrangement,the structural form selection,the structural arrangement,the structural measures and the structural integrity,to improve the seismic behavior and the reliability of the building.


Grid computing is being used in various applications. Many grid applications such as weather forecasting, astrophysics deal with large amounts of data. Data intensive applications involve a high degree of data access locality. In Grid computing environments data storage management on large scale is one of the most challenging issues. Dedicated servers are used for data storage in traditional approaches. Keywords- Grid, data management, MSS.


The response of direct-seeded rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars towards different crop establishment methods was studied at School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, NU, Medziphema Campus, Nagaland during the kharif season of 2009 and 2010.In this experiment, two crop establishment methods viz., line sowing and broadcasting and four local direct-seeded rice cultivars viz., ' Kezie ', ' Chongloiman ', ' Leikhumo ' and ' Kotsala 'were evaluated for growth and yield performance of rice. The results showed that line sowing was found superior over broadcasting in recording higher LAI (leaf area index), plant height, tillers/m 2 , dry matter accumulation, CGR (crop growth rate), panicles/m 2 , filled grains/panicle and1000-grain weight and ultimately recorded higher grain and straw yield. The cultivars ' Chongloiman ' and ' Kezie ' recorded the highest dry matter accumulation and number of tillers/m 2 respectively. Also, significantly higher LAI, CGR, Panicles/m 2 , filled grains/panicle and grain yield were recorded by the cultivars ' Chongloiman ' and ' Kezie ', which were comparable to each other. Whereas, the highest plant height, unfilled grains/panicle, grain sterility percent and straw yield was recorded by the cultivars ' Leikhumo ' and ' Kotsala ', which were at par. All the four cultivars recorded the lowest cost of cultivation under line sowing. The highest gross return and net return/ha and also the highest BCR (benefit cost ratio) were recorded by the cultivar ' Chongloiman' under line sowing.


This article deals with the personality problems of two important groups in our society i.e. children and adolescents and attempts to unify the different existing approaches and trends in this area. Indeed personality is greatest and most important concern of psychologists educators and sociologist from a cognitive emotional and psychomotor perspective. The cognitive and mental aspect of personality has been studied by a number of psychologists including J. Piaget G. Brumer S. Binet J.P. Guilford and B. Bloom. In Piaget the key concept is the mental evolution of thinking in children between birth puberty and the onset of adolescence. Therefore the focus is on the evolution of mental structures and knowledge is conditioned by the level of mental operations; this evolution moves through 4 distinct stages. J. P. Guilford proposes a model that classifies mental operations into three dimensions: the mental operations type the content type and the product type. The interaction among these types implies a certain mental capacity. Certain psychologists have become interested in quantifying mental operations and consequently a certain number of instruments have become famous such as intelligence tests for school-age children. The emotional aspect of the personality is represented by the psychoanalytic school the main founder of which was Freud. Freud believed that personality moves from what he calls the "id" to the "ego" and then to the "super-ego." In this aspect the author has presented the various Freudian analyses concerning sexual development in children as well as the emotional interpretation of personality according to "Krothwohl." There are two measurements for the emotional aspect of personality: the projection tests and the grids to measure attitudes that the author presents on theme of education. The psychomotor aspect of personality is clarified by the author by presenting Tran Thong as an example. Thong distinguishes 4 stages of psychomotor development in children and A. J. Harrows psychomotor analysis as a model and a grid for measuring the level of psychomotor development to the area of the face. Thus these three aspects of the personality namely emotional cognitive and psychomotor interact among themselves in such a way that it is impossible to specify the degree of influence that any one of them has on personality in general. The factors that influence personality such as heredity and the givens of the environment are likewise presented.


Objective To investigate the experimental methods of transferring the synoviocytes with the reconstructed pcDNA3.1-TGF-β1 gene by the liposomes and study the feasibility of self-induction of synoviocytes to the chondrocytes in vitro so as to provide a scientific and experimental basis for the further gene enhanced tissue engineering research in articular cartilage repair.Methods Synoviocytes were cultivate in vitro and purified to construct the eucaryotic expression plasmid carrying the recombinant rabbit TGF-β1 gene.By means of Lipofectamine 2000,the synoviocytes were transfected with pcDNA3.1-TGF-β1 (experimental group) and with pcDNA3.1 ( + ) blank plasmid (control group).The synoviocytes free from transfection was set as blank group.After 48 hours of transfection,the cells were screened by G418.Representative sections from among the positive clones were used for RT-PCR assay of instant expression of TGF-β1.The other sections were used for immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to TGF β1.Screening of cells by G418 was continued for 12 days of cell counting and drawing the growth curve.The antigens of TGF-β1 and collagen Ⅱ were examined every week three weeks after transfection.All images were processed by using analysis instrument (Image-Pro Plus V6.0).Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 13.0 software package.The difference between groups was tested by using variance ( ANOVA) analysis.Results The transfection efficiency in experimental group was 18% ,with temporary decreased living activity of the transfected cells shown by growth curve.The cell population decreased to 3.6 × 104/ml four days after transfection.After 72 hours of transfection,the positive fragment of TGF-β1 was detected by RT-PCR assay,and immunohistochemical staining of antibiotics to TGF-β1 showed positive particles only in the experimental group.After three weeks of tranfection,the immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to TGF-β1 and type Ⅱ collagen showed that there were positive particles in the transfected cells in the experimental group,with no positive particle in the control and blank groups.According to the results of Image-Pro Plus V6.0,PU value of anti-TGF-β1 was (19.04±1.26) seven days after transfection,while that of control and blank groups were (4.07 ± 0.65)and (3.23 ±0.56) respectively,with statistical difference (P<0.05).PU value of anti-type Ⅱ collagen in experimental group,control group and blank group was (13.74 ± 1.27),(4.62 ±0.56) and (3.93 ± 0.38) 14 days after transfection,with statistical difference ( P < 0.05).Conclusions Transfection of the rabbit articular synoviocytes with the reconstructed pcDNA3.1-TGF-β1 gene can be successfully accomplished by using Lipofectamine 2000 method.The transfected synoviocytes can express TGF-β1 and excrete type Ⅱ collagen,have chondrogenic potential when transfected by pcDNA3.1-TGF-β1 gene and can be used as candidate cells for repair of articular cartilage.

Key words:
Synovial membrane; Transforming growth factor beta; Transgenes; Chondrocytes; Tissue engineering


Background: Geriatrics is the science that deals with the study of diseases and their treatment peculiar to the old age. Elderly population has special health problems that are basically different from those of adult or young. Materials and Method: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study, conducted in Urban field practice area of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The geriatric patients aged 60 years or more were included in this study. Results: A total of 900 geriatric patients registered. Majority of the elderly (59.4%) were in age group of 60-70 years. Morbidity profile among our study, elderly had maximum problem of Musculoskeletal (48%), followed by hypertension (36.3%), diabetes (33.9%) and gatro-intestinal problems (30.6%). Lowest morbidity was dental problems (9.3%) in our study. Mostly all types of morbidity were found more in female with comparison to male except genito-urinary problems. Conclusion: The proportion of elderly is becoming higher and usually associated with increasing medical and social problems. So awareness among the elderly population should be created to prevent and early detection of the chronic diseases along with social support.


The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the development in Swedish law, as to what is considered to be a permissible difference in treatment on grounds of age, relates to the case law developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the view of Directive 2000/78/EU and the general principle of non-discrimination in respect of age. The secondary purpose of this thesis is to apply the theory of normative patterns developed by Anna Christensen on the results of the legal analysis. The patterns focused on are the protection of the established position, the market functional pattern and just distribution.

The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age is well established in various international legal documents but has been developed even further in union law through the adoption of directive 2000/78/EU and the dynamic case law by the Court of Justice. Difference in treatment on grounds of age can be justified under the directive if the difference in treatment is regarded as appropriate and necessary to pursue a legitimate aim concerning employment policies and labour market objectives. The member states enjoy a broad margin of discretion in determining these objectives, as well as to the means used. The Court of Justice has adopted an open approach when assessing the legitimacy of the aims of different provisions, but has taken a more strict approach when assessing the means. Difference in treatment on grounds of age must according to the case law be of public interest and not merely benefit the individual employer.

The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age was implemented into Swedish law through the launch of the Non-discrimination Act. The Act contains an exception allowing for difference in treatment according with the directive. Due to the fact that the member states enjoy a broad margin of discretion in determining the purposes and means for difference in treatment on grounds of age, the Swedish legislator has chosen to keep several provisions in the Swedish Employment Protection Act (lagen om anstallningsskydd, LAS). These provisions allow for difference in treatment on grounds of age, particularly section 5 fourth point LAS and sections 32 a– 33 LAS, which also makes it possible to regulate difference in treatment by collective agreements. The main purpose of these provisions is to aid in the participation of the older workers on the labour market. The assessments made by the Swedish legislator regarding the legitimacy of the purposes of the provisions are reasonable with reference to the member states broad margin of discretion. Despite this, the provisions are questionable as regards to their necessity and appropriateness to achieve the aims pursued. The purposes could presumably be achieved through means which are less intervening for the employee concerned. Whether the Swedish provisions are compatible with the case law developed by the Court of Justice is therefore doubtful.

In the light of the theory of normative patterns it can be concluded that the protection of the established position is weakened through provisions concerning compulsory retirement ages in national legislation or in collective agreements. The pattern of just distribution appears through the provisions stating compulsory retirement since they aim to aid in the participation of the younger generations in the labour market. The pattern of market functionality and freedom of contracts is perceived through the possibilities to regulate difference in treatment in collective agreements, for example concerning holydays depending on the workers age and provisions on compulsory retirement.


Clinical introduction A 58-year-old man sustained injuries due to accidental fall from a height of 5 m onto a solid floor while operating a crane. He was fully conscious without external evidence of head injury when presented to the ED. The patient had multiple fractures involving the fourth, fifth and seventh of the left ribs, left iliac wing and superior ramus of the pelvis, comminuted fracture of the left femur shaft, and an open fracture of the mandible. Two hours after ED presentation, the patient developed acute confusion and lethargy, which rapidly progressed to coma and respiratory distress, and was subsequently intubated with mechanical ventilation support. Emergent CT scan of the head is shown (figure 1). Figure 1 CT scan of the head without contrast. Question What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Cerebral haemorrhage B. Brain metastasis C. Cerebral fat embolism D. Diffuse axonal injury


The purpose of this qualitative study was to compare the ethnic identities of 2 groups of Filipino Americans, 1 born in the United States and 1 born in the Philippines. Results from consensual qualitative research analysis (C. E. Hill et al., 2005; C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) suggested that U.S.-born participants saw the distinguishing feature of their identity as the "American lifestyle," that is, the availability of material goods and technology. Typically, these participants were curious and wanted to explore their Filipino American identity, which they saw as influenced by both Philippine and U.S. cultures. Philippine-born individuals, in contrast, identified the following important aspects of their identity: valuing family relationships; being hospitable, polite, and respectful; having faith in God; speaking Tagalog; and having Filipino physical characteristics. Although most of the latter individuals defined their identity as a combination of both cultures, they were more likely than the U.S.-born participants to view themselves as primarily Filipino and the American aspect of their identity as a result of circumstance.


Postpartum psychosis (PPP) is a serious mental health issue associated with maternal suicide and infanticide. Although a growing research base suggests that childhood abuse is predictive of psychosis, bipolar disorder, and postpartum depression, the link between abuse and PPP is less clear. Currently, prevention and treatment strategies are pharmacological and require hospitalization once symptoms arise. Unfortunately, these strategies are not ideal for affected women and their infants. Testing the relationship between experiences of childhood abuse and PPP may reveal abuse variables to be both statistically and clinically meaningful predictors of the disorder. A dose–response model suggests that women who report more severe abuse or multivictimization will be more likely to develop PPP. The authors suggest trauma screening in psychiatric, obstetrical, and community practice settings to identify women at risk for PPP and advocate for the addition of gender-responsive and trauma-focused psychotherapy to pharmacological interventions for this population.


The efficacy of assay procedure for estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was examined on "Amerwell AFP" immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using monoclonal AFP antibody. The condition of incubation was most satisfactory for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Coefficients of variance for intraassay and interassay were 5.1-10.0% and 8.4-9.9% respectively. Dilution test gave satisfactory results. The binding capacity of microplate-well tagged monoclonal AFP antibody with AFP antigen was satisfactory for assay reactions. This method showed a good correlation to the AFP RIA bead (Dinabot Co.) method. The normal range (reference value) was within the level of 5.0 IU/ml due to Hoffmann's method in the examination of 860 subjects. Estimation of AFP with "Amerwell AFP" IRMA kit was a feasible routine method of clinical application for tumor marker.


The precise synthesis of cycloarenes remains a challenging topic in both organic chemistry and materials science due to their unique fully fused macrocyclic π-conjugated structure. Herein, a series of alkoxyl- and aryl-cosubstituted cycloarenes (kekulene and edge-extended kekulene derivatives, K1–K3) were conveniently synthesized and an unexpected transformation of the anthryl-containing cycloarene K3 into a carbonylated cycloarene derivative K3-R was disclosed by controlling the temperature and gas atmosphere of the Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed cyclization reaction. All their molecular structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The crystallographic data, NMR measurements, and theoretical calculations reveal their rigid quasi-planar skeletons, dominant local aromaticities, and decreasing intermolecular π–π stacking distance with extension of the two opposite edges. The much lower oxidation potential for K3 by cyclic voltammetry explains its unique reactivity. Moreover, carbonylated cycloarene derivative K3-R shows a remarkable stability, large diradical character, a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔES–T = −1.81 kcal mol−1), and weak intramolecular spin–spin coupling. Most importantly, it represents the first example of carbonylated cycloarene diradicaloids as well as the first example of radical-acceptor cycloarenes and will shed some light on synthesis of extended kekulenes and conjugated macrocyclic diradicaloids and polyradicaloids.


Based on microgrid frequency, a new photovoltaic (PV)/ battery (BA)/ fuel cell (FC) hybrid energy management strategy with modified droop control for islanded application is proposed in this paper. This strategy enables the plug and play capability in the distributed units with voltage control mode and makes it possible to avoid using the communication line or a central supervisor. The system frequency working as the agent provides the units with the opportunities to adaptively maintain generation/load balance according to different situations with only local information. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategy.


Urban culture has encouraged participatory art practices that focused on human interaction and social contexts. At the same time, urbanization has induced a disconnection between Human-Nature interaction and the development of mental models detached from complex social-ecological systems and their sustainability. This article is part of a PhD research relating Digital and Interactive Arts with Ecology and Psychology. Our aim is to investigate participation in documentary film production and explore it as a participatory artistic medium to foster critical thinking towards Sustainability. Hereof, in this article we set the grassroots from which our research will evolve. We first analyse participation in the process of filmmaking, through the engagement of the subject-participant in documentary creation and production both in linear films and in i-Docs (interactive and immersive documentaries). We then associate the speech of these subject-participants to mental models concept. Next, we introduce the sustainability principles that will guide our investigation in urban social-ecological contexts and set some inspirations raised by previous artistic practices. We then discuss the intersections between aspects of participation in documentary films with mental models and sustainability to finally set out interrogations and possibilities for future artistic explorations that ponder on participation, authorship, technology, cognitive dimensions, social-ecological systems and dissemination towards sustainability.


Abstract : The Director of the Combined Arms and Services Staff School requested assistance in conducting an evaluation of the school's present curriculum for teaching group problem-solving skills. The request necessitated the development of a methodology to measure these skills. This report and its companion entitled, 'VARWARS: A Group Problem Solving Exercise,' document the methodology and provide guidance for implementation. This report contains rating scales tailored to the 'VARWARS' problem. The scales are used to evaluate the actions taken by a group in developing a solution and certain behavioral descriptions to assist observers in making ratings. The manual also contains recommendations for use and suggestions concerning data analysis. Although the scales described in this manual are tailored to the VARWARS problem, most of the information can be used for evaluating other group problem-solving exercises. Footnotes indicate the changes necessary to adapt the scales to other problems.


Objective:To study the clinical effect of serum cystatin C in the diagnosis of early renal damage.Method:To retrospective 81 cases with the early impairment of renal function from December 2010 to January 2013,which were as the experimental group,to select the same period in 81 cases of healthy persons as control group,the concentration of urea,serum creatinine compared two groups of subjects(Scr),serum cystatin C(Cyst C).Result:The concentration of urea,serum creatinine,serum cystatin C concentration of the experimental group were higher compared with control group,the differences between the two groups of data was significant(P0.05).Conclusion:For the patients with early renal damage,the application of cystatin C in the diagnostic process,to the glomerular filtration function and renal function changes reflected in early renal diseases,it can improve the diagnosis rate.


Abstract Poor Knights Islands, at the north-west extremity of an Upper Cenozoic chain of rhyolitic volcanoes, consist of tuffs and breccias with minor interbedded flows and sediments. Intense hydrothermal alteration has resulted in almost complete replacement of primary minerals by quartz, adularia and albite, minor sericite, cristobalite, pyrite, leucoxene and sphene, and retrograde smectite and kaolinite. The alteration took place at temperatures up to about 240°c and resulted in addition of silica and potash and the leaching of lime. Except for the near absence of calcium bearing minerals and the presence of retrograde minerals, the alteration is very similar to that occurring in the active thermal areas of Taupo Volcanic Zone today.


This paper discusses the shot point automatic offset method under complicated surface conditions to provide technical and design supports efficiently for field operations.Based on the rule of the vertical and lateral offset shot points,the optimal matching method of the optimization distance design on horizontal and the minimum distance design on vertical is designed on the basis of the cross vertical search.The results show that the most optimal matching criteria can satisfy the shot point migration demand and reasonable folds requirements.By using the automatic optimization,simulation and design of the offset points,the quality of the maximum seismic acquisition materials,folds and construction efficiency can be insured.


Electrochromic devices (ECDs) represent one of the most promising energy saving and solar control technology for the market of energy‐efficient building and optoelectronic devices. A continuous and intense effort is currently devoted to the development of effective solid‐state ECDs and their integration in multifunctional systems, such as photoelectrochromics. Here, the fabrication of simplified all‐solid‐state WO3 based ECDs on single‐substrate is reported, demonstrating how the rational design of highly interconnected WO3 columnar nanostructures with Nafion polymer matrix remarkably decreases the charge transport barrier at the hybrid electrolyte/electrochromic interface (EEI), thus determining an impressive improvement of overall device performances. The soft polymer substrate of the electrolyte plays a key role on the formation of WO3 pillar‐like structures and on the increase of interfacial contact area by affecting the vacuum‐deposition WO3 growth. Apart from providing higher transmittance in bleached state, the resulting device, entirely manufactured at room temperature by bottom‐up process, exhibits lower activation voltages (0.5–3 V) and faster switching kinetics (5–10 s) compared with monolithic ECDs based on both bulk and mesoporous WO3 films. Furthermore, the enhanced EEI enables the scale‐up on large area and flexible substrate ensuring simultaneously a wide optical contrast (ΔT = 70%), and high coloration efficiency.


The exposed carbonate rocks aged from Sinian to Mid-Triassic Periods cover an area of 500,000 Km' in south-west China. In karst areas with spectacular landscapes characterized by magnificent tower karst and conical karst, rare surface drainage systems and prevalent subsurface drainage systems, the environment is ecologically very fragile, The rapid increase of population, over deforested and cultivated lands, worsted the ecological system, causing a higher frequency of draught, flood and various disasters, backward economic development, low living standard of the people. In order to improve the sustainability of the agriculture the experience shows that the following operations should be adopted: (I) serious control of the population increase, emigration, extra labours and improvement of the environmental education of the local inhabitants; (2) terracing of the slopes (shi jala di) as to improve the cultivated land quality, to preserve the water, soil and fertiliser and ameliorate the effective utilisation of the land; (3) development of new rural energies such as the solar energy and gas energy, and expansion of the saving-fuel stoves to reduce the load ofbio-energy; (4) reforestation and bounding the hills and mountains; the ecological, economic and fuel forests model has been developed in fengcong-depression areas: the tree species with high ecological, economical and energetic characteristics, should be chosen, such as the bamboo, wild grapes, SapiulIl rotundifo/iulIl etc.; (5) better utilisation of the rain water and karst water resource to solve the water supply problems. The karst landscape is well developed in the 500,000 km' carbonate terrain in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, west Hunan and south Sichuan provinces in south-west China, where 100 million habitants live (Song, 1997). The large population and its high density, serious deforestation, over-cultivation and fragile ecological system make the environmental problems very serious and about 30,000,000 people are now very poor, This paper describes the measures to improve the ecological and sustainable development of the agriculture in the karst areas.


Abstract A highly sensitive and specific fluorometric determination method for sulfite using the reaction of N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide and sulfite in solution has been developed, in which sulfite could be determined up to 100 p mole/ml.


Abstract Objective This study examines whether implementation of electronic reminders is associated with a change in the amount and content of diagnostic data recorded in primary health care emergency departments (ED). Design A register-based 12-year follow-up study with a before-and-after design. Setting This study was performed in a primary health care ED in Finland. An electronic reminder was installed in the health record system to remind physicians to include the diagnosis code of the visit to the health record. Subjects and main outcome measures The report generator of the electronic health record-system provided monthly figures for the number of different recorded diagnoses by using the International Classification of Diagnoses (ICD-10th edition) and the total number of ED physician visits, thus allowing the calculation of the recording rate of diagnoses on a monthly basis and the comparison of diagnoses before and after implementing electronic reminders. Results The most commonly recorded diagnoses in the ED were acute upper respiratory infections of various and unspecified sites (5.8%), abdominal and pelvic pain (4.8%), suppurative and unspecified otitis media (4.5%) and dorsalgia (4.0%). The diagnosis recording rate in the ED doubled from 41.2 to 86.3% (p < 0.001) after the application of electronic reminders. The intervention especially enhanced the recording rate of symptomatic diagnoses (ICD-10 group-R) and alcohol abuse-related diagnoses (ICD-10 code F10). Mental and behavioural disorders (group F) and injuries (groups S-Y) were also better recorded after this intervention. Conclusion Electronic reminders may alter the documentation habits of physicians and recording of clinical data, such as diagnoses, in the EDs. This may be of use when planning resource managing in EDs and planning their actions. KEY POINTS Electronic reminders enhance recording of diagnoses in primary care but what happens in emergency departments (EDs) is not known. Electronic reminders enhance recording of diagnoses in primary care ED. Especially recording of symptomatic diagnoses and alcohol abuse-related diagnoses increased.


Traditional risk evaluation method in Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) did not consider development process of failure mode.There was no systematic risk evaluation analysis,and inconsistence in experts' evaluation in FMEA.In order to improve accuracy and applicability of risk valuation in FMEA,the concept of failure cause-effect chain was introduced which was regarded as risk evaluation objects.Concrete meanings of each index used in Risk Priority Number(RPN) were defined.RPN calculation formula was modified,systematic evaluation were conducted on risk of components and product.According to the facts that experts tended to present multi-granularity linguistic evaluation information,basic linguistic terms set was used to uniformly input evaluation information,then depended uncertain ordered weighted averaging operator was used to aggregate evaluation information.Finally,decision-making process of selecting maintenance strategies of mechanical diaphragm metering pump was used as a case to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.


This paper presents a new technique for designing single stage fully complementary metal oxide semiconductor (FCMOS) and CMOS domino logic circuits so that they are totally self checking for all single breaks. It involves the encoding of the output of the circuit in an error detecting code. CMOS circuits designed using the technique have two outputs. Two of the combinations (01, 10) are considered to be valid code-words. The circuit is augmented such that any break in the modified circuit produces a non-valid output 11, thus ensuring automatic fault detection.


Immune function is dependent on the proper development of T cells in the thymus and emigration of these cells to the periphery. We recently showed the transcription factor KLF2 is required for emigration via regulation of S1P1 (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1) and CD62L in conventional αβ T cells. However, the role of KLF2 and S1P1 in trafficking of non-conventional T cell subsets (γδ T cells, Treg, NKT, and Gut intraepithelial lymphocytes -IEL) has yet to be described. We show here that KLF2 is differentially expressed within the T cells subsets studied using both mRNA expression via quantitative PCR and/or a novel KLF2-GFP reporter mouse model. While KLF2 and S1P1 can be detected in sorted non-conventional thymic T cells and Gut IEL αβ T cells, we report no detectable KLF2 in Gut IEL γδ T cells. Using several KLF2 deficient mouse models, trafficking defects were observed in Treg, NKT, and Gut-IEL (αβ and γδ) populations. Finally, the data suggest that lack of KLF2 alters both the distribution and the phenotype of γδ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Overall, our results suggest that KLF2 is a common means by which different T cell lineages regulate trafficking and/or entry.
 Funding provided by the National Institutes of Health (AI038903 to SCJ and AI039560 to KAH).


The invention discloses a water quality improver for aquaculture, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of nano-silver, 35-45 parts of medical stone, 5-10 parts of glycine betaine, 25-35 parts of saccharicterpenin and a traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following traditional Chinese medicine components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10-15 parts of Chinese lobelia, 15-20 parts of herba andrographitis, 15-25 parts of isatis roots, 5-10 parts of mother chrysanthemum, 10-15 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 10-15 parts of uncaria rhynchophylla, 10-15 parts of corydalis tuber and 8-10 parts of liquorice. The water quality improver disclosed by the invention has the effects of enhancing aquatic animal health and improving the immune disease resistance, the survival rate of an aquatic animal is improved, and the preparation method of the water quality improver disclosed by the invention is simple in fabrication technology, and easy to grasp.


New N-aryl substituted 2-(α-naphthyl)-4-thiazolidinones were prepared by the cyclocondensation of α-mercaptoacetic acid and corresponding N-(α-naphthyliden)anilines. The same starting materials were utilized to obtain a new series of N-aryl-N-[1-(α-naphthyl)but-3-enyl]amines, which was synthesized through an addition of the Grignard reagent (allylmagnesium bromide) to the double bond CN of the aldimines. The antichagasic and trichomonacidal in vitro activity, as well as, the antifungal and cytotoxic properties of some of these compounds were evaluated.


The Far East container port segment continues to be well and truly dominated by China, which now claims eight of the ten top ports in the region. Clive Woodbridge rounds up the latest developments.


This paper studies T-preorders by using their Representation Theorem that states that every T-preorder on a set X can be generated in a natural way by a family of fuzzy subsets of X. Especial emphasis is made on the study of one-dimensional T-preorders (i.e.: T-preorders that can be generated by only one fuzzy subset). Strong complete T-preorders are characterized.


Experiments were conducted to extend the shelf-life of fresh fenugreek in different forms (leaves and bunch), using different packaging material viz. polypropylene, cling film, paper with an unpacked control sample. The packed fresh fenugreek was stored under refrigerated conditions (temperature 6 ± 1°C and RH 95±2%) and were analyzed at regular intervals for their quality attribute i.e. β-carotene, physiological loss in weight (PLW), chlorophyll content, colour change and sensory attributes. It was observed that packaging material had significant effect on of PLW, chlorophyll content, visual appearance and water accumulation. Polypropylene package and bunch form of sample were the best for enhancement of shelf-life of fenugreek up to 7 weeks. Lower PLW was observed to be 2.11 and 2.85% of initial weight in polypropylene material for leaves and bunch, respectively. Chlorophyll content decreased as much as by 91% for leaf and 90% for bunch wrt fresh (220mg/100g) in polypropylene packaging. It was observed that packaging of fenugreek in polypropylene package in bunch form resulted in best maintenance of chlorophyll, colour, weight loss, aroma and visual appearance. Overall it can be concluded that the fresh fenugreek in the form of bunch can be stored safely upto 48 days when packed in polypropylene package and stored under refrigerated conditions.


In view of existing situations that K-Means must assign the breeds in advance and Affinity Propagation must endure high Computational Complexity,we presented a new clustering algorithm called Increase K-Means.We applied this new approach to the analysis of the Blog′s content similarity,and served the need of Community finding and Topic tracking better.Experiments showed that our new approach approximated to the K-Means in the running time and got close to the Affinity Propagation in the accuracy,just saying this,our new approach was suited to deal with the large-scale Web text better.


Mycetoma pedis is a deep, chronic infection of the foot, characterized by sinuses, abscesses, osteitis, and hypertrophy of the tissue, resulting in deformity of the affected part. In contrast to actinomycosis, no hematogenous spread to other parts of the body takes place. On the other hand, there is no tendency to spontaneous cure, the affection resulting ultimately in invalidity. This clinical and pathological picture is quite uniform, regardless of the causative organism, of which a bewildering variety of more than 30 different species, both aerobic Actinomycetes and fungi, have been named, though only part of these were adequately described. As proposed by Chalmers and Archibald, 1 the term mycetoma should be used when the condition is caused by Actinomycetes (Nocardia or Streptomyces), while maduromycosis is the term applied to infection with fungi (e. g. Madurella). Isolation and proper identification of these micro-organisms seems today to


Two theorems by the late Prof. F. Morley have aroused special interest, one being the chain of circle properties discovered by De Longchamps and independently by Pesci, Grace and by Morley himself, and the other the remarkable property that if the angles of any triangle are trisected, then the trisecting lines meet in pairs to form an equilateral triangle. In a previous paper‡ the present writer has shown that the circles making up the chain may be derived from a rational normal Cn in [n] by the following process.


As aerial robots are tasked to navigate environments of increased complexity, embedding collision tolerance in their design becomes important. In this survey we review the current state-of-the-art within the niche field of collision-tolerant micro aerial vehicles and present different design approaches identified in the literature, as well as methods that have focused on autonomy functionalities that exploit collision resilience. Subsequently, we discuss the relevance to biological systems and provide our view on key directions of future fruitful research.


The study of CAD (computer aided design) modeling, design and manufacturing techniques has undergone a rapid growth over the past decades. In medicine, this development mainly concerned the dental and maxillofacial sectors. Significant progress has also been made in orthopedics with pre-operative CAD simulations, printing of bone models and production of patient-specific instruments. However, the traditional procedure that formulates the surgical plan based exclusively on two-dimensional images and interventions performed without the aid of specific instruments for the patient and is currently the most used surgical technique. The production of custom-made tools for the patient, in fact, is often expensive and its use is limited to a few hospitals. The purpose of this study is to show an innovative and cost-effective procedure aimed at prototyping a custom-made surgical guide for address the cubitus varus deformity on a pediatric patient. The cutting guides were obtained through an additive manufacturing process that starts from the 3D digital model of the patient's bone and allows to design specific models using Creo Parametric. The result is a tool that adheres perfectly to the patient's bone and guides the surgeon during the osteotomy procedure. The low cost of the methodology described makes it worth noticing by any health institution.


Intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide offers encouraging results in treating inflammatory dermatologic disorders, particularly when the dermatoses treated occur in small patches. Among the conditions suitable for treatment are lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, discoid lupus erythematosus, granuloma annulare, alopecia areata, psoriasis, and circumscribed myxedema, etc. This paper presents the findings on intralesional placebo controlled treatment with triamcinolone acetonide on neurodermatitis scrotum and treatment with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide on varicose eczema. Keywords: neurodermatitis scrotum; varicose eczema; triamcinolone acetonide Received: March 3, 2011; Accepted: April 14, 2012; Published online: May 11, 2012 Corresponding Author: Shankarling D. Kuchabal, M.D.,Dermatologist and Cutaneous Surgeon, Dr. Kuchabal Hospital, #244/144 Fulbag Lane, Fort Road, Belgaum - 590001 Karnataka, India. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


. Pulsar positions obtained by VLBI and timing are com pared. The difference between these positions is proven to be mainly due to timing noise. A new method which significantly reduces the difference have been developed. A comparison of pulsar VLBI and timing positions is a straightforward way to link the extragalactic and the dynamical coordinate systems. Pulsar coor dinates obtained by VLBI and timing differ by an amount which depends on the value of post-fit residuals and strength of timing noise. The timing noise is expressed as long-term variations in TOA (time of arrivals) residuals. Such variations can be described in terms of linear combination of the orthogonal polynomials or the Fourier series. However this can be done only after usual reduction of TOA by the timing analysis software (Tempo (Taylor & Weisberg 1989), TIMAPR (Doroshenko & Kopeikin 1990)) because the software does not have possibility to fit long term TOA variations by any kind of orthogonal func tions. It means that an inadequate model for parameter fitting is used and in turn results to the pulsar parameters (coordinates a, S, proper motion fi a , //^) may become biased after ordinal estimation. Timing observations of a few pulsars were processed in the following manner (Rodin 2000): TOA are processed by TIMAPR software for estimation a, 8, u, v (Men M were not estimated now because of large timing noise); the residuals obtained were used for the consequent Fourier series fitting; the annual Fourier term yields a correction of pulsar timing coordinates. In post-fit


This paper analyses the encryption and decryption ideas as well as the transposition algorithm in the data encryption technology,brings forward a program design method and the detailed steps of realizing transposition algorithm,and offers a complete program based on C++ language.The algorithm can be used in the teaching and testing courses on information security or network security in the universities to help the students know better the principle of encryption and decryption.


Objectives: IL-2 therapy increases memory and naive CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients, but its effect on thymopoiesis is unknown. To investigate this effect, we quantified T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in CD4 T cells from lymphopenic AIDS patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and IL-2. Methods: CD4 cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry using anti-CD45RO/RA, CD62L, Ki67 and CD95 monoclonal antibodies. The proportion of recent thymic emigrant had been quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for signal joint TREC in peripheral blood mononuclear and purified CD4 T cells. Results: At initiation of IL-2, TREC copies/μl of blood were correlated with naive T cell numbers and age. Both naive and TREC numbers/μl significantly increased over time in all patients, with a wide range of TREC increases. Higher percentages of CD4+CD45RO-negative cells positive for the Ki67 cell-cycle marker were found in patients with a low TREC increase, but remained stable under IL-2. TREC and naive cell recovery were correlated; they also correlated with the numbers of TREC and naive cells at the start of IL-2, and with age, suggesting a thymic origin for naive T-cell recovery. A mathematical model showing the linear recovery of naive cells and TREC under IL-2 also strongly suggested that a naive T-cell increase reflects thymic export and involves little net death and proliferation. Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out a mechanism of altered proliferation or death rate, the thymus plays an important role in the long-term recovery of naive T cells under IL-2 therapy.


We monitored diel-landing periodicity (biting activity/cycle) of Ochlerotatus niveus and the infection/infectivity pattern through human-landing collections on Teressa Island, which is remotely located in the Nicobar district of the Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands of India, for a period of one year. The biting activity was seen throughout the day, exhibiting a bimodal peak, the first at dawn (4:00-6:00 AM) and the other towards dusk (5:00-6:00 PM). This pattern was similar during all the seasons of the year. Peak biting hours of Oc. niveus coincides with the peak appearance of microfilariae. Overall infection and infectivity rates were 2.65% and 0.5%, respectively. Perennial transmission is evident from the records of vectors with parasites (infection), including infective larvae in all months of the year, although no infective mosquitoes were recorded at a few points. The risk of transmission of filariasis based on parity status of Oc. niveus was maximal at dusk (5:00-6:00 PM) in this region. The issue of control with respect to reducing human-vector contact is discussed.