This article presents data from a 2013 survey of students enrolled in a longstanding rhetoric and composition Ph.D. program at the University of Louisville (U of L), a mid-sized public institution in the American South. The survey collected data regarding graduate students' perceptions of language diversity in the context of their professional development as composition teacher-scholars. It interprets the data in relationship to what Yasemin Yildiz has described as the "postmonolingual condition" of 21st century Western social life: a field of tension between monolingualist ideology and increasingly visible multilingual practices. Drawing from student recommendations, it suggests ways this program, and others like it, can leverage students' positive perceptions of and attitudes toward multilingualism to norm language differences in its mainstream rhetoric and composition graduate curriculum. In "Reproducing Composition and Rhetoric: The Intellectual Challenge of Doctoral Education," Louise Wetherbee Phelps argues "the maturation of Ph.D. programs in composition and rhetoric creates a rhetorical exigency to study and theorize doctoral practices of education as deeply and seriously as we have undergraduate teaching" (117). As Phelps notes, every rhetoric and composition doctoral program "expresses and acts out vividly in concrete features a theory of the discipline: in its curricular content, requirements, qualifying exams and reading lists" (118). In so doing, rhetoric and composition Ph.D. programs reflect and reinforce matters of disciplinary "epistemology, ethics, and politics," (Phelps 117), including conceptions of language and language relations. Subsequently, these programs can be useful sites to examine dominant and emergent disciplinary language ideologies, the practices that follow from these ideologies, and the dispositions toward language that shape compositionists' professional practices as teachers, scholars, and administrators in linguistically heterogeneous institutions. This article presents data from a 2013 survey of students enrolled in a longstanding rhetoric and composition Ph.D. program at the University of Louisville (U of L), a mid-sized public institution in the American South. I suggest the survey data reflect the "postmonolingual condition" of the program, insofar as Yasemin Yildiz defines postmonolingualism as "a field of tension in which the monolingual paradigm continues to assert itself and multilingual practices persist or reemerge" (5). The persistence and reemergence of multilingual practices is indicated by responses demonstrating doctoral students' awareness of and appreciation for language differences in their writing program as well as desires to engage multiple languages and English dialects in composition teaching and research. However, the continued dominance of monolingualist ideology is evident in the ways in which many participants tended to imagine these engagements as taking place through curricular add-ons and extracurricular activities. Drawing from student recommendations, I suggest ways this program, and others like it, could leverage students' positive perceptions of and attitudes toward multilingualism to norm language differences in its mainstream rhetoric and composition graduate curriculum. Background In Beyond the Mother Tongue: The Postmonolingual Condition, Yildiz argues the growing visibility of multilingualism in Western art, culture, and public discourse must be understood in terms of the postmonolingual condition of 21st century Western social life. For Yildiz, the prefix "post" has both historical and critical dimensions. On the one hand, it references the time since the emergence of monolingualism in the late 18th century as a dominant Western paradigm of language and sociocultural identity. According to the monolingual paradigm, "individuals and social formations...possess one 'true' language only, their 'mother tongue' and through this possession [are] organically linked to an exclusive, clearly demarcated ethnicity, culture, and nation" (2). On the other hand, the "post"monolingual references growing resistance to monolingualism as "[i]ncreased migration and mobility, the advance of communication technologies, and the spread of media have...contributed to the sense that multiple languages coexist and interact in new constellations" in global-local contexts (3). Although Yildiz maintains a fully articulated ideological alternative to monolingualism does not yet exist, she notes that writers in a variety of fields are beginning to "suggest the possible contours of such a multilingual paradigm and contribute variously to just such a restructuring" (5). In composition studies, the restructuring of disciplinary ideology to account for multilingualism is apparent in what Brian Ray has described as the "norming of language difference" in professional discourse (89). Ray cites and reviews A. Suresh Canagarajah's Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations, Vershawn Young, Rusty Barrett, Y'Shanda Young-Rivera, and Kim Brian Lovejoy's Other People's English: Code-meshing, Code-switching, and African American Literacy, Scott Wible's Shaping Language Policy in the U.S.: The Role of Composition Studies, and Canagarajah's edited collection Literacy as Translingual Practice: Between Communities and Classrooms to illustrate "linguistic diversity's inevitable yet tumultuous move to the center of [composition] teaching and research" (89). Paul Kei Matsuda ("Wild West") has also called attention to the "unprecedented attention" (128) language issues have received in recent composition monographs, journal articles, edited collections, awards, and featured sessions at the annual meetings of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC). Matsuda observes "the issue of language differences [in composition]...has joined the ranks of new intellectual undertakings worthy of attention from all U.S. college composition scholars" ("Wild West" 131). However, in keeping with general trends in composition research, the vast majority of disciplinary scholarship on language diversity has focused on undergraduate students enrolled in FYC or developmental/basic writing courses administered by university writing programs. The implications of this movement for rhetoric and composition doctoral students, courses, and curricula have been largely unconsidered. Survey This survey was designed to investigate rhetoric and composition doctoral students' backgrounds and perceptions of language diversity in the context of their professional development as composition teacher-scholars. For the purposes of this survey, "language diversity" was defined as the simultaneous presence of multiple, shifting language codes (including both national languages and English dialects) in composition teaching and research. The webbased survey consisted of twenty-four questions. Participants completed background questions regarding their stage in the program, the courses they taught, and the languages and English dialects they use for communication. They were then were asked to rate their agreement with statements about their teaching and scholarly practices on a six point Likert scale (1=Strongly disagree, 6=Strongly agree) and clarify their responses through a series of open-ended prompts. Survey questions solicited information about doctoral students' awareness of language differences in undergraduate composition classes and their professional preparation to teach students with minority language backgrounds, including but not limited to undergraduate students identified as "ESL" in U.S. universities. Additionally, the survey worked to gather information about doctoral students' perceptions of language differences in writing research, both as a focus of composition scholarship and as a condition of international writing research that takes place in a variety of languages. It also attempted to gage participants' desires and professional preparation to conduct composition research on language diversity using English and other languages. Finally, the survey attempted to identify participants' perceptions of their language practices in the program to determine the degree to which they were using multiple languages and English dialects in their teaching and scholarship. The invitation to participate in the study was emailed to all 39 enrolled rhetoric and composition doctoral students at U of L. It elicited 17 responses. The relatively low response rate (43.6%) impeded the generalizability of the data and the conclusions that could be drawn from it. However, I suggest the survey data is valuable for several reasons. First, the quantitative Likert scale data revealed trends in doctoral students' professional development experiences related to language and language relations within their program. Second, the comments participants made to gloss their Likert scale answers provided further insight into these trends, as well as recommendations for how their program could increase support for graduate students navigating composition teaching and research in the context of multiple languages. Finally, I believe the survey instrument, data, and analysis (see Appendix) can provide a model for other programs seeking input from their graduate students to gage the strength of curricula and inform local decisions about graduate training to support language diversity. Participants The first three survey questions solicited background information about the participants. Responses to question 1 indicated three of the 17 respondents were completing coursework, six were completing exams, one was completing the dissertation prospectus, and seven were writing their dissertations. Responses to question 2 indicated all participants were fully funded graduate students who had either taught or were currently teaching as Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs). Respondents reported teaching courses i


Her dedication at the end of the chapter names and preserves the memory of those that died, demonstrating the power of history writing as both political activism and commemorative practice. The final two chapters articulate some of the legacies of slavery and colonialism. Esther Stanford Xosei uses her knowledge and practice of reparatory justice to historicise calls for reparations in relation to slavery, colonialism, and neocolonialism. Using a for situating her understanding of holistic notions of repair and restitution, she argues that the restoration of African identity should form part of the conceptualisation of reparative justice. The idea of what might constitute African identity is problematised in the following chapter by Christopher Roy Zembe, who charts ethnic divisions within the Black Zimbabwean community in Britain. In examining the tensions between Shona and Ndebele speaking peoples before, during, and after colonialism, Zembe offers a challenge to the idea of a cohesive and unifying diasporic African identity by examining the ways in which 'imported historic memories' (p. 199) continue to shape inter-communal relations in Britain today. Black British History is an important contribution to scholarship on the topic which has arrived at a time when it is much needed. Each of the chapters is short and accessibly written, giving the reader a broad range of subject matter and approaches to consider. Its authors offer a variety of new perspectives which illuminate the definitional complexities of the field and in doing so offer a window into the creative and radical potential of Black British history.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Understanding the distribution of fitness effects of mutations by a biophysical-organismal approach SHIMON BERSHTEIN, Harvard University The distribution of fitness effects of mutations is central to many questions in evolutionary biology. However, it remains poorly understood, primarily due to the fact that a fundamental connection that exists between the fitness of organisms and molecular properties of proteins encoded by their genomes is largely overlooked by traditional research approaches. Past efforts to breach this gap followed the "evolution first" paradigm, whereby populations were subjected to selection under certain conditions, and mutations which emerged in adapted populations were analyzed using genomic approaches. The results obtained in the framework of this approach, while often useful, are not easily interpretable because mutations get fixed due to a convolution of multiple causes. We have undertaken a conceptually opposite strategy: Mutations with known biophysical and biochemical effects on E. coli's essential proteins (based on computational analysis and in vitro measurements) were introduced into the organism's chromosome and the resulted fitness effects were monitored. Studying the distribution of fitness effects of such fully controlled replacements revealed a very complex fitness landscape, where impact of the microscopic properties of the mutated proteins (folding, stability, and function) is modulated on a macroscopic, whole genome level. Furthermore, the magnitude of the cellular response to the introduced mutations seems to depend on the thermodynamic status of the mutant.


The present invention relates to a lithium electrochemical battery (A), and at least one electrochemical cell (C), one of the other is connected to the anode connected to the cathode, and the two current collector separator , and a casing (6) in the longitudinal axis (X), the casing, the cap (9), the bottom (8) and bottom (8) and both joined the side jacket of the cap (9) (7 ) has a lithium electrochemical battery further comprises a central core disposed along the axis X (10), the central core (10) is hollow over at least part of its height and the cell There is formed of a material having a melting point greater than the arrival temperature of the cell when malfunctions, the hollow portion of the central core (10) (11, 12), outside the casing through the bottom (8) and / or the cap (9) open to the top, Central core (10), at least one end portion of the hollow part, to the storage battery characterized by having an internal thread (14) which can be screwed to the external thread of the part forming the one pole of the battery.


This paper presents an approach to intelligent information retrieval based on genetic heuristics. Recent search has shown that applying genetic models for query optimisation improve the retrieval effectiveness. We investigate ways to improve this process by combining genetic heuristics and information retrieval techniques. More precisely, we propose to integrate relevance feedback techniques to perform the genetic operators and the speciation heuristic to solve the relevance multimodality problem. Experiments, with AP documents and queries issued from TREC, showed the effectiveness of our approach. Keywords: Information


The main priority of my paper will be to point out characteristic features and the most important objectives of Athenian "imperialism" during the last two decades of the period called Pentekontaetia (the period of fifty years ‒ 479‒431 BC.). I will try to characterize terms "imperialism" and "empire" in context of their application to the 5th century Athens in modern historiography, which I suggest is quite problematic and doesn't precisely define the true image of Athenian ἀρχή (arche ‒ empire, realm, magistracy, office etc.).2 My other objective will be to describe how frequently and to what extent the Athenians used various kinds of policies and means of control in attempt to transform the first Athenian naval League, also known as the Delian συμμαχία (symmachia ‒ alliance, offensive and defensive), into their own thalassocratic empire and allies into their subjects. Finally, I will also focus my attention on how the lust for power and hegemony affected Athenian foreign policy and Athenian relationship with other Greeks, either allies or not, living in the Aegean and the eastern part of Mediterranean.


Ssamji-gil in In-sa Dong is `a complex cultural space` corresponding to the various cultural events and gallery exhibition using the fair way. Ssamji-gil is attracted many tourists who visit the current Insa-dong. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the study on the relationship of the Insa-Dong's spatial structure and of the Ssamji-Gil's internal structure. The range of research is defined as Insa-Dong's spatial structure and shared space in the Ssamji-Gil. The method of research is comparing Insa-Dong and Ssamji-Gil using the amount of traffic survey and analysis of Convex Analysis. In this study, we define the spatial behavior of the Ssamji-Gil based on an analysis Insa-dong.


A key factor affecting the cost of the Social Security program is how long beneficiaries live. Life expectancy is determined by mortality rates – that is, the probability of dying at each age. While mortality rates have been declining over time, progress has not been uniform. Sometimes mortality rates decline very rapidly, and sometimes they decline slowly. Moreover, rates of improvement vary by age. For example, during most of the 20th century the mortality of infants and the working-age population fell faster than the mortality of retirees. This "age-gradient" matters for Social Security, since mortality improvements for young adults tend to help Social Security's finances by expanding the size of the workforce paying into the system, while improvements at, say, age 65 tend to worsen it by increasing spending on benefits for longer-lived retirees. This brief explores the swings in the rate at which mortality has improved since 1900 and the importance of the age gradient in these improvements over the period. It also takes a closer look at the years since 1969, when detailed data on cause of death are available. In retrospect, the factors leading to the speeding up and slowing down of mortality improvement are relatively clear. The future, as always, is harder to predict. This brief is the first of two on mortality rates; the second one will provide an international perspective. The discussion proceeds as follows. The first section provides an overview of mortality trends and the age patterns since 1900. The second section focuses on the swings in mortality improvement in the last 40 years and the patterns by education level and by disease. The third section discusses the major drivers of these outcomes – such as developments in medicine, greater access to health care, the decline in smoking, and the rise in obesity. The fourth section explores the major factors that will influence the rate of improvement in mortality over the next 75 years. The final section concludes that the key debate for the long term is whether the future will mirror the past, with mortality rates of improvement fluctuating around 1 percent per year, or whether the big gains are behind us, with mortality improving less rapidly in the future.


The use of Literature,Web information retrieval,interviews and other methods of succession in the Universities' Physical Education activity for the vision,the necessity and importance of college physical education the non-material cultural heritage of "Sport" was introduced intangible cultural heritage resources,described the mission of the Institute of Physical Education shall make the educational heritage,Combined with its own characteristics of non-material cultural heritage of "Sport",propose the feasibility suggestion and countermeasure for heritage cultural heritage channel of curriculum resources of physical education in colleges


PC is the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes whereas few prokaryotes contain PC. PC is synthesized in eukaryotes by two routes: the CDP-choline pathway (1) and PE methylation (2). PE methylation is the most important contributor to PC formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3). In contrast, mammalian cells and tissues predominantly use the CDP-choline pathway (2, 4). PC is the major phospholipid in plant extraplastid membranes, and the CDP-choline pathway operates in Brassica napus (5), Arabidopsis thaliana (6, 7), and Pisum sativum (8). PC is present in select prokaryotes, including Treponema denticola, whose genome encodes a fusion protein containing both choline kinase and CCT activities (9). On the other hand, Sinorhizobium meliloti produces PC by the condensation of choline and CDPdiacylglycerol catalyzed by the novel PC synthase (10). The CCTs in bacteria do not resemble any of the other known CCTs (11–13). There are three steps in the CDP-choline pathway. Choline is an essential nutrient in mammals and is transported into the cell and phosphorylated by choline kinase. CCT catalyzes the condensation of CTP and phosphocholine to form CDP-choline, which in turn donates the phosphocholine moiety to diacylglycerol to form PC. CCT mediates the rate-limiting step in this pathway (1) and is unique in that its enzymatic activity is regulated by association with membrane structures (14, 15). A current model posits that bilayer curvature elastic stress is sensed by CCT and governs the degree of membrane association, thus providing a mechanism for both positive and negative regulation of activity (16, 17). The PEMT is the only enzyme in the alternative pathway, and it performs all three of the methylation steps. The significance of PE methylation to PC production is controlled by the expression of PEMT, which is high in liver and testis (4, 18). The goal of this minireview is to highlight recent progress in understanding the regulation of CCT expression and a growing appreciation of its role in cell biology and organ function.


Given ℌ be Hilbert space over ℂ. If ℌ is a Hilbert space then ℌ2 is also Hilbert space. A linear relation on ℌ is a subspace of ℌ2. A linear relation can be multivalued part or not multivalued part. This paper proposes to discuss and show terms that a linear relation is a bounded linear operator and its spectrum analysis. We give the result that if ℜ is an injective relation on ℌ and range of ℜ is dense then ℜ* is also injective and (ℜ*)−1 = (ℜ−1)*. Consequently, if a relation ℜ on ℌ is an injective and self-adjoint, then a relation ℜ-1 is also self-adjoint. If a relation ℜ is a symmetric on ℌ then N(z - ℜ*) = R(z - ℜ)⊥∩ D(z - ℜ*) and N(z - ℜ) = R(z - ℜ*)⊥∩ D(z - ℜ). If a relation ℜ is a symmetric and z ∈ ℂ, then ∥za-b∥2 ≥ q2 ∥a∥2. If a relation ℜ is closed, bounded and |z| ≥ ∥b∥, then z ∈ ρ(ℜ). Consequently, if a relation ℜ is closed, bounded and |z| ≤ ∥b∥, then z ∈ σ(ℜ).Given ℌ be Hilbert space over ℂ. If ℌ is a Hilbert space then ℌ2 is also Hilbert space. A linear relation on ℌ is a subspace of ℌ2. A linear relation can be multivalued part or not multivalued part. This paper proposes to discuss and show terms that a linear relation is a bounded linear operator and its spectrum analysis. We give the result that if ℜ is an injective relation on ℌ and range of ℜ is dense then ℜ* is also injective and (ℜ*)−1 = (ℜ−1)*. Consequently, if a relation ℜ on ℌ is an injective and self-adjoint, then a relation ℜ-1 is also self-adjoint. If a relation ℜ is a symmetric on ℌ then N(z - ℜ*) = R(z - ℜ)⊥∩ D(z - ℜ*) and N(z - ℜ) = R(z - ℜ*)⊥∩ D(z - ℜ). If a relation ℜ is a symmetric and z ∈ ℂ, then ∥za-b∥2 ≥ q2 ∥a∥2. If a relation ℜ is closed, bounded and |z| ≥ ∥b∥, then z ∈ ρ(ℜ). Consequently, if a relation ℜ is closed, bounded and |z| ≤ ∥b∥, then z ∈ σ(ℜ).


The implementation of Sharia in Aceh was based on a people view of life in Aceh who believes their existence cannot be separated from the Allah guidance. In fact, Islamic Sharia is already implemented in Aceh since the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, as evidenced by the presence of various manuscripts focusing on Islam. Legally, it is recognized in Indonesia in Article 29 UUD 1945 as wells as in the Central Government through Act No. 44 of 1999 and Act 11 of 2006. Academically, although the imposition of Sharia in Aceh is based on civil law, but it cannot be denied that in the application process of common law also plays an important role.

Kata Kunci: Syariat Islam, wewenang, qanun, lex spesialis, agama, jinayat, civil law, common law.


Border war literature (including the Northern border war and the Southwest border war) has made an important contribution to the development of modern Vietnamese literature. In this article, we explore the hauntings of war in two typical novels of the above literature: I and They (Minh va Ho) (Nguyen Binh Phuong) and Paranoia (Hoang tam) (Nguyen Dinh Tu). With the inspiration of psychoanalytic theory, we deeply analyze the obsessions of war crimes, the loneliness of people during and after the war. Through this, we have a deeper insight into the issue of the human being, the spiritual life of the human being, and the relationship between the individual person and the social person.

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Altered GOLM1 expression is associated with tumorigenesis, but only one GOLM1 variant (p.S307L), has ever been reported in association with disease (familial melanoma). Exome data was filtered for coding variants GOLM1 in a highrisk primary melanoma cohort (n=384 unrelated probands). Five rare (frequency<0.005) missense GOLM1 variants were detected in 11/384 (2.9%). One of these, p.S307L was identified in seven individuals. This variant was significantly more frequent in this melanoma cohort (1.8%) compared with the general population (0.2%)(p=0.03). To our knowledge, this is the second report supporting the role of GOLM1, specifically the rare variant p.S307L, in melanoma susceptibility. Australia has the highest rate of cutaneous melanoma globally, estimated to affect 1 in 17 Australians by 85 years of age (https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/ cancer-types/melanoma/statistics). While ultraviolet radiation is a known risk factor, twin studies have shown that 58% of melanoma risk is heritable. Specifically, 10% of melanoma cases have a positive family history and 1% are diagnosed with familial melanoma (≥3 melanomaaffected individuals who are first and/or second relatives). 4 Between 20% and 40% of familial melanoma cases carry a pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variant in a highpenetrance melanoma gene (CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, TERT, TERF2IP, POT1, ACD, POLE). 5 CDKN2A is the primary highrisk gene for familial melanoma, accounting for ~90% of mutationpositive cases. Genomewide association studies and candidate gene studies have also revealed moderate melanoma susceptibility loci and variants (MC1R, MITF, EBF3, NEK11, GOLM1). 4 Gol g i p ho sphop ro t e i n 2 /Go l g i membraneproteinGP73 (GOLM1) encodes a Golgi transmembrane protein localised in epithelial lineage cells. GOLM1 is comprised of 401 amino acids with five characterised domains: cytoplasmic tail (Nterminal), transmembrane domain, coiledcoil region, irregular loose structure domain (ILSD) and the Cterminal domain. The coiledcoil domain is the most characterised to date with the functional significance of the remaining domains yet to be ascertained. The coiledcoil domain is essential for intracellular interactions and dimerisation of the GOLM1 protein. Specifically, the highly conserved 56aa152aa region is critical for GOLM1 dimerisation. One study discovered inhibiting GOLM1 expression resulted in upregulation of epithelialmesenchymal transition promoting migration and invasion of cancer cells. In addition, increased GOLM1 protein expression has been shown to drive oncogenesis in melanoma cell lineages, with increased tumour thickness, ulceration and higher rates of metastasis reported. A GOLM1 nonsynonymous variant (p.S307L) has been reported to segregate with autosomal dominant cutaneous melanoma across three generations in one family. Furthermore, the same study showed an increased frequency of the p.S307L in melanoma cases as compared with controls. When reporting GOLM1 p.S307L, Teerlink et al hypothesised that the p.S307L impacts the p.S308 phosphorylation site thereby adversely affecting protein–protein interactions. However, there has been no functional validation of the p.S307L variant or reporting of any other GOLM1 variants to date. In this study, wholeexome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 384 unrelated individuals previously diagnosed with primary melanoma: n=230 multiple primary melanoma (MPM) and n=154 single primary melanoma (SPM). After excluding individuals positive for pathogenic variants in highpenetrance melanoma genes (CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, TERF2IP, POT1, ACD, POLE), exome data were filtered to identify rare (minor allele frequency (MAF) <0.005) variants in GOLM1 which were predicted to alter protein function using insilico prediction tools. Eleven individuals carried five missense GOLM1 variants (2.9%) (table 1). All five were predicted to be benign/likely benign in VarSome (https:// varsome.com/). None of these were previously reported in ClinVar (https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/) in association with disease. The five missense variants identified in this study were in the coiledcoil region (n=3 variants) and the ILSD (n=2 variants). One rare (MAF=0.003) variant, p.S307L (rs149739829), was identified in seven unrelated individuals, five of whom had SPM diagnosed before 40 years (SPM <40 years), one diagnosed with SPM after 40 years (SPM >40 years) and one with MPM after 40 years (MPM >40 years). Another variant, p.R173Q (MAF=0.000003), was carried by two individuals, both of whom had MPM: one early (MPM <40 years) and one late onset (MPM >40 years). The 10th individual carried a rare (MAF <0.0001) GOLM1 variant (p.N89S) and had SPM <40 years. The final individual, who had MPM <40 years, carried two rare GOLM1 variants, p.V138I (coiledcoil domain) (MAF=0.00004) and p.E331K (ILSD) (MAF=0.000003), although it is unknown whether these were in cis or in trans. We wanted to explore the phenotype in the p.S307L carriers, and thus reviewed pedigrees which had been collected by a genetic counsellor in the parent study. Four of the seven probands with p.S307L variants had provided a pedigree, two of whom (both MPM >40 years) reported a positive family history for lateonset SPM. One individual (ID: 70510) with SPM <40 years had a first and thirddegree relative with testicular cancer. All probands Cancer genetics


Facilitmtimg Social Davlop— nt With Play Group# in Early Childhood Setting# by Janet A. Butz Dr. William C. Healey, Excunination Committee Chair Professor of Special Education University of Nevada, Las Vegas This study investigated the efficacy of using facilitated and nonfacilitated play groups as an intervention for facilitating the social interactive behaviors of young children with and without disabilities. Sixteen students aged four to five years from a communitybased preschool on a university campus participated in the study. The facilitated play group was assigned a facilitator who was trained to encourage the social and play interactions among the children using the guided participation strategies adapted from the Integrated Play Groups Resource Manual (Wolfberg & Schuler, 1992). The nonfacilitated play group was assigned the same adult whose only role was to monitor the children. Each eight-child


Collaborative games will enable new kinds of possibilities for learning. In the future, the goal of game-based learning should be to introduce new ideas and deepen learners' in-depth understanding. However, studies have shown that shared high-level knowledge construction is a challenging process. Moreover, thus far, few empirical studies have examined what constitutes the teacher's role in games. The focus of this paper is to investigate teachers' real-time instructional activities in a scripted 3D game setting. The authors' hypothesis is that groups with real-time teacher instruction will come up with more shared knowledge construction that can be considered productive than groups studying without real-time teacher instruction. Thus, content analysis was conducted to compare collaboration processes between different learning conditions. This study indicates that the teacher has a special role in empowering collaborative knowledge construction in the 3D game context in vocational education. The authors' findings show that the teacher's participation in collaborative work helps groups to develop productive ways of providing knowledge and asking contextual questions. In addition, they illustrate the teacher's ability to involve students in formulating hypotheses, interpreting context, providing explanations and describing observations.


Cosmogenic nuclides are now established as an integral tool of Earth surface science, providing reliable measures of landscape change. Applications of in situ-produced nuclides to lowland basins, where sediment undergoes storage and deposition, are however still rare. Recently, it was shown for large cratonic river basins that cosmogenic nuclides can provide an integrated approach insensitive to a range of geological sources of bias thereby tracing signals from upstream mountainous areas to the lowlands (summary given in [1]). Given these advances of the method, we can proceed with the application to a geologically complex subsiding foreland basin. In the Po basin, we constrained the long-term sediment delivery from source to deltaic sink using sediment fluxes from in situ 10Be-derived denudation rates and compared these to published short-term estimates from gauging. From the comparison of 10Be nuclide data measured upstream of dam influence to those measured downstream of major dams, we find that the average 10Be signal is not significantly modified. In the lowland reaches, we find that the average 10Be concentration is only marginally modified by floodplain processes, as 26Al/10Be ratios do not show differential decay due to burial. The close similarity in 10Be concentrations from the sources to the Po lowland sink suggests that LGM denudation rates prior to sediment trapping in periglacial lakes were similar to today's, as the sediment now contained in the Po lowlands must have been eroded from the orogen and deposited in the lowlands prior to lake formation. Today′s sediment in the Alpine and Apenninic source areas erodes at 10Be-derived rates ranging from 0.1-1.5 mm/yr in the Alpine and from 0.25-0.5 mm/yr in the Apenninic source areas. The highest 10Be-derived denudation rates are found in the western Central Alps (1.5 mm/yr), where also recent uplift rates are among the highest. From these data, we constrain a total cosmogenic-derived sediment flux leaving the Alpine and the Apenninic source areas of ca. 35 Mt/yr that is notably higher than present-day estimates of sediment export (∼10 Mt/yr at the Po delta) biased by anthropogenic disturbances. Our results demonstrate that the cosmogenic record of mountain erosion is effectively transmitted from the source areas to the sediment sink, even across a strongly subsiding foreland basin. Cosmogenic nuclides applied to the depositional record of a basin can hence provide a powerful mirror of average mountain erosion from which links between tectonic, climate, and erosion can be further disentangled.


Abstract To keep transmitted messages secret, straightforward encryption is an effective method. Taking efficiency into account, recently partial encryption has become widely accepted for images, audio and video. However, a new efficient approach is required in cases where a large number of images are intentionally transmitted to the same destination. An encryption algorithm for images based on vector quantization was proposed by Chang, Hwang and Chen, in which encrypting a common codebook is suggested to be the better choice of their two proposed schemes, because many images can be transmitted with only one encrypted corresponding codebook. However, in the present paper, the vulnerability of the CHC image cryptosystem is found according to the chosen-plainimage attack if the common codebook is used to encrypt a large number of images. And based on the cipherimage-only attack, keeping the index sets in a clear form is shown not to be a good idea. Accordingly, a way of securing the transmitted images is recommended.


This is a work-in-progress in the Research category investigating transfer student participation in co-curricular activities. Transfer students at 4-year universities are often considered as secondary-priority students. In this paper, we investigate engineering transfer student participation in co-curricular activities at a predominantly undergraduate polytechnic university. Survey results from Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, a primarily undergraduate institution on participation in co-curricular activities is presented. We discuss the impact of the COVID pandemic on the survey results, showing that the pandemic has severely decreased participation in co-curricular activities for all students. Survey results also demonstrate a correlation between students to participate in significant co-curricular activities are greater than 20% more likely to attain major-related summer internships than students who do not. Finally, we discuss barriers to co-curricular participation for transfer students, and how the COVID pandemic has impacted this group of students differently than first-time-first-year students.


Camshaft is a key component of tank engine,and its service process due to wearing oversize often leads to cam failure.In this paper,laser cladding technology is employed to remanufacture the worn tank camshaft.The cladding coating thickness control is achieved by adjusting scanning velocity in segment.Edge compensation method is used to prevent the edge from collapsing.The cam cladding path is proposed to shape a dimension with high accuracy.The cladded cam after milling meets the requirements of geometrical size.Microstructure of the cladding is dense without cracks and pores defects.The micro-hardness of laser cladding layer is up tp HV700~750,satisfying the design requirements of tank camshaft.


Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic and causes detrimental effects on plants but the adverse effects of Cd can be alleviated by exogenous applications. Hence, in the current study, the possible alleviative roles of salicylic acid (SA) on accumulation of Cd were investigated in leaves of pistachio species. Mineral accumulation variations in leaves were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparison test of Duncan using SPSS and chemometric analysis. For the present study, two-year old pistachio species (Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia terebinthus) were exposed to the combination Cd (50 and 100 μM) from root and SA (0.5 μM) with foliar applications. Accordingly, both SA treatment and Cd had significant effects on accumulation of minerals but SA acid was found to have a little alleviative effect on accumulation Cd. Of the investigated elements, P (2.151 fold-change; p<0.001) and Cu (4.702 fold-change; p<0.001) were significant and highly variable over-accumulated elements. According to the principal component analysis (PCA), the multivariate data processing for elements allowing for a large group of diverse data samples was explained in 23.95% and 22.61% as the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2). Two components extracted were describing approximately 46.55% of the common variance.


The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin has become, since the 1950s, well-known for its holdings in twentieth century literature. I offer here a brief description of the holdings in British theatre in the Theatre Arts Collection and the Manuscripts and Archives division of the Ransom Center. My secondary purpose is to suggest: and encourage corollary research in other Ransom Center holdings, such as its Art Collection and Photography and Film Collection. A listing of selected holdings follows this overview below, together with information on fellowships for researchers.


This study examined the prevalence and pattern of induced abortion in India as well as in the various states. It also aimed to understand the sociocultural and demographic background as well as the contraceptive behavior of the women who sought induced abortion. Data used for the study were obtained from the 1992-93 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) covering 24 states in India as well as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. A total of 89777 ever married women aged 15-49 years were covered in the survey. Overall analysis of the NFHS data revealed that about 4% of the ever-married women interviewed had opted for induced abortion in their lifetime. The rate of induced abortion found among ever-married women was about 1.3%. State-level analysis of the incidence of induced abortions showed the highest incidence being reported at Delhi (4.6%) followed by Tamil Nadu (4.3%). In contrast Mizoram Meghalaya and Nagaland reported the lowest incidence of induced abortions. Other issues addressed by the study include frequency of induced abortions sociocultural differentials type of residence womens current age religion caste womens education husbands education occupational status demographic differentials order of pregnancy number of live births number of living children and contraceptive behavior.


The previous processes to the evaluation and accreditation of programs and institutions propitiate a change toward quality and it's not necessarily accompanied of implementation of quality management systems. The culture of university quality is determined not only for moral values shared also for the organization of its management. The present work describes the application of a procedure of evaluation of the culture of quality in a faculty like form to evaluate the fulfillment of the quality of its management. Finally it's exposed the results of the application and its benefits for Licenciatura en Derecho careers.


An Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS), which penetrates and sabotages the target by physical energy, consists of a general penetrator using Depleted Uranium (DU) or Tungsten Heavy Alloy (THA) but THA is preferable because of manufacturing and environmental issues. On a THA penetrator, the penetration performance is determined mainly by self-sharpening depending on the hardness and toughness of materials. In particular, the tensile strength and impact strength work as key factors. The correlation coefficient for the penetration performance of the tensile strength was 0.721 and the impact strength was -0.599. The improved penetration performance by additional heat treatment was proven experimentally. Therefore, maintaining elongation over 9 % and tensile strength over 123 kg/mm is desirable, and the impact strength should be less than 6.8 kg·m/cm for good penetration


Case Reports are subject to editorial review and will be published as space and editorial priorities permit. They will be listed by author and title in the table of contents, and authors and subjects are indexed by the major indexing services. Contributions to this section ordinarily do not exceed 500 words in length. There should be a maximum of three references. Two figures or one figure plus one table can be printed. The typescript should be double-spaced with a ragged right-hand margin and submitted in triplicate. A copyright transmittal letter signed by all authors must accompany the letter. Please refer to "Instructions for Authors"for additional requirements. To the Editor. —Pneumatic retinopexy has become a popular and effective alternative for managing selected retinal detachments, achieving an 84% success rate with one operation in the largest reported series.1The major causes of failure are proliferative vitreoretinopathy and new or missed breaks.


The Catholic Church has moved from understanding the importance of education in terms of teaching pagans about Christianity to educating the marginalized children of the inner cities in America with the same standards as the wealthiest neighborhoods place on their schools. Along the way, there has been tremendous growth, however, today the Church is faced with closing doors and merging schools due to the financial stresses involved in running parish schools with lay teachers rather than with the priests and nuns who taught at little or no extra cost to the parishes. Schools are now staffed with teachers who require higher salaries and benefits than their predecessors. Also, many families struggle to make ends meet and cannot afford to pay tuition costs so the Church has been forced to find other ways of financing the education of the children in its communities without increasing the parish debt. This new wave of Catholic schools appearing in the poorest neighborhoods can be examples for public schools to follow. The graduation rates are much higher than at the


The number of visitors to Bali is increasing. Indirectly its affect Ngurah Rai International Airport as one of the entrances to Bali to give a good service for their visitors and influence Balinese people about their fear of losing their culture due to other cultures. The analysis consists of Internal and External Analysis. The internal and external analysis consists of Marketing Mix, Value Chain Analysis, PESTEL and Questionnaire. The analysis shows that visitor feel unsatisfied with some of service that Ngurah Rai International Airport given, lack of transfer knowledge in internal organization, lack of capacity airport, lack of Balinese culture nuance. There are some strategy solutions is given to Ngurah Rai International Airport such as increase capacity in airport, provide sharing system for internal data process, provide good security check service, provide good service, indirectly create airport as a place of environment preservation and implementing Balinese culture.The implementation plan for strategy solution are doing cooperation with other party which have contribution to the airport services, cooperation with tourist attraction about culture and environment preservation, clarifying the prohibition of littering and smoking, cooperation with government about government regulation, perform an eco-airport trend and perform local art at the airport.


In this paper, we discuss an integrable model of strings on [Formula: see text] in a thermodynamic bath. We show that scattering of the excitations above equilibrium states has some novel features. Thermodynamics points to interesting deformations of the original model for which we discuss finite-size effect through the mirror TBA equations.


Here the 1930's work of Milne on the relationship between the universes of relativistic cosmology and those which follow from Newtonian theory is reviewed. The extension to the case of non-zero pressure is considered also. In each case, any assumptions made are noted and the thermodynamic implications of these are explored in the final section.


Security baseline is an information system of minimum security guarantees,that is the safety requirements of the information system the most basic needs.Security baseline management system through the information means as the strong technical support for the security baseline inspection,rectification and implement.Its automated,quantitative evaluation method can effectively improve the work efficiency of security operations and inspection.The paper introduced the definition and content of the safety baseline building,the necessity of analysis of baseline security management system,and the baseline security management system was designed.


This week, Afghanistan's constitutional loya jirga (national assembly) agreed to a new draft constitution, following three weeks of extremely contentious deliberations. President Bush welcomed the news, saying that this "lays the foundation for democratic institutions" and will "help ensure that terror finds no further refuge in that proud land." The assessment of the special representative of the United Nations Secretary General was more guarded. Lakhdar Brahimi feared that the elections to be held this year under the new constitution would be pointless without more security throughout Afghanistan. Two years after the U.S. military intervention, the situation in Afghanistan is by all accounts unpromising. The efforts of U.S. armed forces, the Afghan government and the international community to secure Afghanistan from the Taliban and al Qaeda are producing mixed results. Afghan civilians continue to be victimized by local warlords, nominally affiliated with the Kabul government but not controlled by it. Reconstruction, in terms of physical infrastructure, human welfare and political institutions, appears to have slowed considerably. 1 In just one sign of the failure on the security and reconstruction fronts, half of the country's thirty two provinces are now no-go areas for aid workers. 2 The recent comments of senior figures associated with international effort in Afghanistan are telling. The U.N. Security Council mission to Afghanistan, led by Ambassador Gunter Plueger of Germany, concluded, "The conditions necessary for a credible national process are not yet in place – national reconciliation requires greater focus: political parties need time to develop; national institutions must undergo reforms; and the power of factional leaders must be diminished." 3 The U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan, Zalmay Khalilzad, also offered a bleak assessment of U.S. accomplishments warning that the Afghan transitional government needs to provide "more services and more presence" in areas along the Pakistan border, and noted the upsurge in drug trafficking and other crimes, and the resurgent threat from Taliban and al Qaeda fighters based in Pakistan. He also took aim at the limited cooperation by Pakistan, whose government has been hailed by the White House as an ally in the fight against terrorism. 4 At present, deficits in security, reconstruction, and political normalization continue to beset Afghanistan's return to a normal national life.


Here are colourful, cuddly koalas, platypusses, emus, kookaburras, kangaroos, cockatoos and wallabies in patchwork designs in hundreds of combinations. All are shown in easy-to-follow, full-size patterns and simplified step-by-step instructions so that even a beginner can make every project. These projects make quilts and can be adapted to produce cushions, bags, smocks, pinafores and much more.


Abstract A suitable indirect photometry chromatographic system for the separation and detection of common inorganic and organic anions was made by dynamically coating an octadecyl-bonded silica column with cetyltrimethylammonium ions and using potassium chromate as the eluent. The effect of chromate ion concentration on the capacity factor indicates an ion-exchange mechanism. The detection limit of the anions F−, Cl−, NO2 −, Br−, and NO3 −, corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 0.29, 0.55, 0.72, 0.83 and 0.97 ppm, respectively. A linear response was observed between peak heights and injection volume of a solution with 1.19 ppm F−, 2.22 ppm Cl−, 2.88 ppm NO2 −, 4.99 ppm Br− and 3.88 ppm NO3 −. This can further lower the detection limit of the anions by about 9 fold when a volume of 175 μL is injected. This system has been applied to the trace analysis of NO3 − in tap water. A concentration of 1.97 ± 0.10 ppm NO3 − was detected. This system was also found applicable for the separation of organ...


The nature of the eigenvectors of the phonon-phonon interaction matrix is discussed. It is suggested that half of the eigenvectors can be expressed in terms of states of even and odd parity.


The general intention of this work is to study the possibilities of producing potassium salts from brine solutions through alternative processes. Mathematical model is developed describing the kinetics of the potassium sulfate precipitation reaction from potassium chloride using gypsum in ammmoniacal solution. Bench scale reactor is designed for the determination of optimum operating conditions. Conversion of 80% of chloride salt to sulfate is reached at 5 °C, 36% ammonia concentration, two hours reaction time and 400 rpm mixing rate in a closed reactor. The total product cost/ton is estimated to be less than 200$ by the recommended process compared to more than 300$ in the international market.


In this paper, the numerical investigation of Lamb wave propagation in two-dimensional phononic crystals composed of an array of stepped resonators on a thin slab is presented. The dispersion relations, power transmission spectra and spectra of resonances are studied using a finite-element method. Because of the simultaneous mechanisms of the local resonances and Bragg scattering, the structures exhibit low-frequency forbidden bands and Bragg band gaps, which can be effectively shifted by changing the resonator geometries as well as the lattice symmetries of the resonator array. As a result, a low-frequency gap within the audible regime can be demonstrated. Furthermore, for a finite phononic crystal slab, the calculated transmission and resonance spectra show an evident resonance nature which can be directly related to the formation of the low-frequency gaps. Based on the spectra of elastic waves through the single-layer stepped resonators, the resonances of the stepped resonators are found to either induce high reflection or intensify the transmission. The effects of different excitation conditions for generating specific slab modes with different polarization states on the acoustic energy transmission and attenuation are also studied. The results show that the polarization states of the incident slab modes influence the spectra of resonances, power transmission and attenuation.


An infinite class of counterexamples is given to a conjecture of Dahme et al. [Discuss. Math. Graph Theory, 24 (2004) 423–430.] concerning the minimum size of a dominating vertex set that contains at least a prescribed proportion of the neighbors of each vertex not belonging to the set.


On graduating in English Literature, Robert J. Harris spent a year teaching and researching at a Canadian University. He joined the Probation and After-Care Service in 1971, and worked for four years in the Tottenham office of the Middlesex Service. Between 1975 and 1977 he was a lecturer in Applied Social Studies at Brunei University, working also as a probation officer on'a part-time basis. Since October 1977 he has been a lecturer in the School of Social Work, Leicester University.


To automatically summarize a piece of content, one must reduce the length of the original text while preserving the key informational elements and meaning of the content. Automatization of manual text summarization, which is a time-consuming and generally labor-intensive process, is gaining in popularity as a result of this, and is therefore a strong motivation for academic research. Abstracting and summarizing large texts is essential in today's world of data overload. Numerous methods of summarizing text have been developed over time. As a result of the redundancy and omission of the document summary relationship, traditional methods create a summary directly It has been shown that deep learning techniques are effective in generating summary. We focus on text summarization techniques based on deep learning that have been developed over the years.


Objective To observe the nursing effect on the upper limb function recovery with early functional exercise for modified radical operation of breast cancer patients. Methods The clinical data of 66 patients with breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy were retrospectively analyzed,and divided into the control group and experiment group, with 33 cases in each group. The control group was treated by traditional limb functional exercise guidance,and the experiment group was given early functional exercise after the breast cancer operation. The limb functional recovery was evaluated by DASH table after postoperative one month. Results DASH scores of two groups were compared. The upper limb function recovery of experiment group was significantly better than that of control group after statistical analysis.The quality of life and social psychological self-confidence in experiment group were also significantly higher than control group. Conclusion After modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer, early functional exercise can make upper limb functional recover as soon as possible, and improve the quality of life and social self-confidence of the patients.


This paper formulates the problem of real-time estimation of traffic state in freeway networks by means of particle filtering framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a recently proposed speed-extended cell-transmission model of freeway traffic. The freeway is considered as a network of components representing different freeway stretches called segments. The evolution of the traffic in a segment is modelled as a dynamic stochastic system, influenced by states of neighbour segments. Measurements are received only at boundaries between some segments and averaged within possibly irregular time intervals. This limits the measurement update in the PF to only these time instants when a new measurement arrives, with possibly many state updates in between consecutive measurement updates. The PF performance is validated and evaluated using synthetic and real traffic data from a Belgian freeway. An Unscented Kalman filter is also presented. A comparison of the particle filter with the Unscented Kalman filter is performed with respect to accuracy and complexity.


Abstract The sequential stochastic assignment problem (SSAP) allocates distinct workers with deterministic values to sequentially arriving tasks with stochastic parameters to maximize the expected total reward. In this paper we study an extension of the SSAP, in which the worker values are considered to be random variables, taking on new values upon each task arrival. Several SSAP models with different assumptions on the distribution of the worker values and closed-form expressions for optimal assignment policies are presented.


A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary magnesium sulphate on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat using 12 does weighing 7 - 10kg. There were four dietary levels of MgSO 4 (Dl), 0.5(D2), 1.0 (D3) and 1.5% (D4). Dry matter intake, growth and Mg retention were used as the criteria for judgment. Result showed that addition of magnesium sulphate significantly (P<0.05) increased mean daily gain from 34.00 -46.00g. The dry matter intake declined (P<0.05) with increased level of dietary magnesium sulphate (3.21-2.34Kg/W 07S kg) Goat fed diet D4 depicted an optimum feed conversion ratio (10.50) while the least was observed for animals fed Dl (14.50). The result further showed that the magnesium requirement for body maintenance was 0.003g/kgBW/day while the requirement for maximum growth was 1.5% of the diet. Key words: Magnesium sulphate, goats, performance, maintenance requirement


Cu1−xSnxO (x = 0.00, 0.03, and 0.05) nanoflakes were synthesized by a simple wet chemical method and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) result confirms the monoclinic structure of CuO with no secondary phases due to Sn doping. The scanning electron microscopic images indicate the formation of nanoflakes. The fundamental Raman modes were observed at 273, 318, 610, and 1084 cm−1 for undoped CuO sample and theses modes were slightly shifted towards lower frequency side for Sn‐doped samples, which indicates the inclusion of Sn in CuO. In addition, XRD and Raman studies infer the decrease of crystallinity in doped samples, which is reflected in the sensitivity towards ethanol. The ethanol sensitivity (resistivity measurement) increases with ethanol gas concentration and decreases with Sn‐doping in CuO nanoflakes.


The train base of subway is to maintain,dispatch,service and rescue the train.It includes the office room for general materials storehouse,training center and operating company.The huge scale and the completed function of the structure makes the partition of fire compartment,the evacuation and the fire control design,etc difficult.The safe,feasible and economical fire protection design plan was put forward by performance-based fire protection design.


The nailing system for treating fractures, especially cervico-trochanterian and pertrochanterian fractures, is characterized in that it comprises a primary nail (1) arranged to be fixed in the head of the bone, and several secondary nails (2). In particular, the top of the primary nail (1) is suitably curved to be aligned at an angle with the centre of the neck, whereas the secondary nails (2) are variably curved so that they are substantially flush with the upper and lower cortices of said neck.


Islamic feminism is a form of feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam. It is a discourse of educated urban women, who re-read the Qur'an and early Islamic history in order to recover their religion from patriarchal interpretation and violent practices. This movement aims to highlight women's participation and rights as well as to give theological authority to the movement for women's rights in the Muslim world. However, some feminists in Muslim societies degrade Islamic teaching and borrow Western ideas to advance women's cause. This is due to wrong notions and interpretations of Islam-either from Western's or Muslim's perceptive. Islamic feminists have made various attempts to revive a woman-friendly Islam and their effort received both feedbacks; highly welcomed and viewed with considerable suspicion. To certain extent, it was easier for authorities in Muslim societies to push aside feminist questions earlier on by labeling feminism as alien, Western, corrupt and anti-Islam. However knowledgeable enquires by Islamic feminists have made it impossible to dismiss the issues raised by them any longer. The discourse on Islamic feminism has generated a language that is able to reach young women. Through the discourse, many young women able to challenge norms-culturally ingrained within the family and society by arguing that these norms have nothing to do with Islam but focusing more on tradition. Their insistence on following what is 'Islamic" rather than familial or cultural can potentially allow them to recover their right.


Simplified model of Web container based on Java platform is analyzed and built, and primary functions of Web container are implemented, specifically internal mechanism is given. These established the foundations for teaching of Web programming and research and development of Web container and even Web security protection.


Objective This study was designed to establish a simple and rapid methods for observing animal models of echinococcosis.Methods Multilocular echinococcus in a dose of 2000 protoscolex/mL were intraperitoneally inoculated in the C.migratorus.Using a simple visual observation and microscopic examination method,the growth of intraperioneal cyst,cyst fluid and protoscoleces was observed in the 10d,15d,18d,22d,39d and 60d after inoculation.Results Protoscoles were found in the 18d,and cysts became big and many in the 15d,18d and 22d.There was protoscoles blastemal growth in the 39d.Different degree of protoscolex was developed in the 60d.With the extension of the inoculation time,the cyst weight increased.Conclusion The methods for examination of animal models of echinococcosis were established.


Within this research methods case study, we discuss the case of an interpretive phenomenological study. We outline the methodology, the research process, and the challenges encountered. The project on which this is based explored the experiences of eight U.K. junior doctors with dyslexia. We use this real-life example of interpretive phenomenology to humanize it as a research process. We also highlight its use within a wider research project, concerning the experiences of medical students and junior doctors with dyslexia. Phenomenology is a qualitative methodology, which concerns itself with the study of lived experiences. There are two core and contrasting schools of phenomenology. They are "interpretive" and "descriptive." Within descriptive phenomenological studies, the researcher is required to "bracket out" their prejudices and pre-conceived ideas before conducting the study. This is not the case within interpretive phenomenology, which instead embraces these in the design and analysis of the study. In this sense, it is well suited to insider-researchers. Seb, as an insider-researcher (a medical student with dyslexia), was therefore well placed to adopt an interpretive phenomenological approach for this study. As an experienced phenomenologist, John was also well placed to supervise it. The research process was emotionally demanding for Seb. However, his insider status helped to establish a sense of camaraderie with participants. He was also able to develop a truly empathic understanding of their experiences. In this sense, the interpretive elements applied through his insider status were used to the benefit of the study.


Dependence of thrust, lift and propulsion efficiency on the reduced frequency was investigated in plunge motion with both rigid and chordwise flexibility. Unsteady viscous flows over NACA airfoils in plunge motions were computed by using a time-accurate preconditioned Navier-Stokes solver. An effect of reduced frequency on performance parameters is investigated with various amplitudes and there is a critical value of reduced frequency for optimal propulsion efficiency. Flapping parameters are increased with the chordwise flexibility, whereas their variations with reduced frequency are almost similar to that of rigid case.


As the first step of our course of study to find the master reaction of auxin, we have made researches about the intracellular localization of native auxin in Avena sativa (Victory No. 1) coleoptile. About 10 mm. defoliated tips of Avena coleoptiles, which had been grown 20-30 mm. in darkness, were homogenized with cold sucrose-phosphate buffer of pH 5.5, and fractionated by differential centrifugation. Each fraction was acidified and extracted with ether and contaminations in this extract were removed by paper chromatography. The auxin activity in this extract was tested by Avena curvature test'). After the ether extraction, the residue of each fraction was adjusted to pH 9.5 and hydrolyzed 5 minutes at 120° and the hydrolyzates were acidified and extracted with ether. Each ether extract was purified by paper chromatography in these cases, too. One example of the results of our experiments is shown in Table 1.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the peculiarities of educational administration. The author's approach is admittedly intuitive and impressionistic. It is argued that several features of the knowledge base of administration and of its graduate teaching‐learning system place extraordinary demands on departments providing training in this field. Similarly, the teaching‐learning system brings both professor and practitioner into a strange relationship. The professor must deal with students who are practicing administrators, many of whom are "good" or "successful" in their profession, display an enormous range of competencies, and are disdainful of the academic pursuit of educational administration. The author suggests that only through the type of interaction between professor and student and the analysis of important problems accessible to reasoned intervention, may a satisfactory solution be found.


Abstract Background We reported that metabolic reprogramming towards OXPHOS-induced drug resistance in oncogene-addicted tumors. OXPHOS is an attractive drug target but clinical PD markers of OXPHOS inhibition are lacking. We present interim PD biomarker data from a dose-finding/phase IIa study of OPC in an advanced cancer population enriched for molecular pathway-driven tumors. Methods After the dose-finding phase of OPC monotherapy at 3 levels (600mg, 400mg, 300mg), the study is now enrolling HER2+ breast cancer, EGFR+ NSCLC and c-KIT+ GIST patients to receive OPC 300mg, 3x/week, 21 days, in combination with their respective pathway inhibitors. Baseline (BL) and C1D15 tumor biopsies were analysed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number [qPCR] and immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers of mitochondrial biogenesis/OXPHOS [PGC1α, TFAM, SIRT1] and cancer stem cells [ALDH1A2]. Blood collected on days 1, 4/5 and 11/12 was analysed by flow cytometry of PBMCs for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and serum metabolomics of amino/organic acids by LC-MS/GC-MS. Results 13 patients (8 with molecular pathway-activated cancers) have been enrolled so far; 5 had evaluable paired biopsies. There were no G3/4 toxicities at the 300mg dose level (n=8). Tumor mtDNA copy number declined significantly with treatment (-45.0+6.0%, C1D15 vs BL, p=0.006). The expected decrease in IHC expression of ALDH1A2, TFAM, PGC1α (C1D15 vs BL) occurred in 80% (4/5), 60% (3/5) and 40% (2/5), respectively; expected rebound increase in SIRT1 expression was seen in 80% (4/5). Serum metabolomics (C1D4 vs BL) showed significant increase in TCA intermediates, citrate (+18.7+14.2%, p=0.004) and fumarate (+29.7+37.1%, p=0.043), indicative of NADH accumulation following OXPHOS inhibition. There was a non-significant rise in serum lactate (+17.2+ 27.1%, p=0.094) and reduction in PBMC MMP [0.71+0.67 vs 0.29+0.23, BL vs C1D11/12, p=0.068] (n=11). Conclusions We identified novel tumor/blood PD biomarkers with clear evidence of target modulatory effects at clinically tolerable doses of OPC. With validation, they can aid the clinical development of OXPHOS inhibitors as a novel class of cancer therapy. Clinical trial identification NCT03158324. Legal entity responsible for the study Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Funding Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Disclosure D.S. Tan: Honoraria (self): Roche; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer; Honoraria (self): MSD; Honoraria (self): Genmab; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Merck Serono; Honoraria (self): Tessa Therapeutics; Honoraria (self): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (self): Karyopharm. R. Sundar: Honoraria (self): MSD; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy: Eisai; Research grant / Funding (self): Paxman; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Roche; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Taiho Pharmaceutical. J.S. Lim: Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Synthon; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca. N. Ohi: Full / Part-time employment: Fujii Memorial Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shiga, Japan. T. Tsunoda: Full / Part-time employment: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. B. Goh: Research grant / Funding (institution): Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. A.L. Wong: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Eisai; Research grant / Funding (institution): Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Like other themes in East Indian historiography in the Caribbean, migration since settlement has only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. This article examines Indo‐Guyanese migration and shows that although East Indians display a preference for residing in the countryside since their arrival into Guyana over a 150 years ago, migration has always been a continuous part of their experience. East Indians had to overcome tremendous odds in order to migrate such as the paternalistic structure of the plantation system, limited inter‐territorial opportunities, and marginalization under Forbes Burnham's cooperative socialism. The article concludes by stating that the obstacles to Indo‐Guyanese migration must be viewed as a major constraint on Indo‐Guyanese development.


Eu2I2(NCN) is the first compound to contain discrete empty europium tetrahedra and infinite metal chains that are constructed from edge-sharing Eu6 units with an open handbag-like motif. The europium tetrahedra and chains are bridged by coordinating carbodiimide (NCN2–) anions in a three-dimensional network. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


In this study, a driver behavior analysis tool and an in-vehicle sensor data monitoring system are presented. The study offers a system based on low cost hardware and advanced software capabilities. The embedded system utilizes the information provided by in-car sensors using the Controller Area Network (CAN), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a GPS. By combining this information, the driving performance and driving characteristics are determined. Thanks to the GPS position data, instantaneous speed and vehicle information will be displayed on a map based on location. In addition, dozens of vehicle-related sensor data can be accessed by users over the remote server.


Local food is seen as a counterforce and alternative to globalization of the food economy. It is seen to be a sustainable way of producing food ethically, economically and socially. The food sector is viewed in national guidelines as an expansive activity in the future. The general goal in Finland is to increase the production and value-added of local food, as well as to improve the balance of its demand and supply. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of local food in the manufacturing of foodstuffs and in public kitchens. Two comprehensive surways were done which gave information about the current and future use of local food. According to the results, the food manufacturing companies buy on average slightly more than 20 per cent of the raw materials from primary production from the region where they are based. The joint procurement groups and entities purchase about 15 per cent of food used in the public-sector kitchens from their own region. In both cases regional differences were large. There were also some expectations for the use of local food to grow in the future. The multi-sector and interregional CGE RegFin simulation model was used to evaluate the importance of agriculture and manufacturing of foodstuffs along the value chain of food economy. According to the results the impact of agriculture on the Finnish GDP is approximately 2.8 percentage points, and that of the food industry is about 7.1 percentage points. Our conclusion is that local food is an economic potential for Finnish regions.


According to the mobility and flowing of data streams,an algorithm called NSW is proposed to mine the frequent itemsets from a sliding window over data streams,and it meets the needs of people getting the frequent itemsets over datas arrived in recently.The binary matrix representation is adopted in the proposed algorithm to express the transaction list from a sliding window.The oldest transaction is deleted directly,and not generating the candidate itemsets but generating the frequent itemsets directly.These methods greatly control the space and time.The experiment results show that this algorithm has a good performance in speed and space.


In this paper, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) monitoring approach for cutting fluid mist behavior in machining is proposed. Particle Image Velocimetry is a technique that uses a combination of lasers and a CCD camera to analyze the fluid flow field. Experiments were performed to investigate the transient mist patterns due to the impinging cutting fluid on a rotational workpiece in a turning operation. The measurements displayed the velocity profiles and sizes of the generated fluid mist both in the near-field and far-field. This paper contains the results of a preliminary experiment to measure and analyze mist generation mechanism on a lathe. The experimental investigation concerning the mist behavior in a turning operation can be used as basis for human exposure and health hazard analysis. Some preliminary results were obtained and recommendations were made for future research.


This research aims to design an existing material into a new material format with the aim of creating teaching and learning activities that are more active, interesting and meaningful than before, and do not conflict with the curriculum. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. However, in this study researchers only implemented the ADDIE development model only up to the Development stage. This study aims to produce student teaching materials using the Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) model that can increase student learning motivation. This research was conducted at SDN 101798, Deli Tua sub-district. The subjects of this research were experts from lecturers and teachers as well as grade IV students of SDN 101798 Deli Tua. The object of this research is teaching materials for building space using the RME model. The results of the research include validation 1 with material experts obtaining a score of 71.2 with decent criteria. Furthermore, validation 2 by material experts obtained a score of 81.6 with very feasible criteria. The results of validation with teaching material experts at stage 1 obtained a score of 69.6 with decent criteria and at stage 2 validation with teaching material experts obtained a score of 85.6 with a very feasible category. The results of validation by learning experts or teachers obtained a score of 92.6 with very feasible criteria. From the scores obtained from the three experts, it can be said that the teaching materials for building space using the Ralistic Mathematics Education (RME) model developed can be used in the learning process. This shows that The developed teaching materials have an impact on the learning motivation of grade IV students.
Keywords: Keywords: Teaching Materials for Building Space Keywords: RME Learning Model Keywords: Motivation Student Learning


[453] Is she capable of sharing either wholly or partially in the actions of men, or not at all?... And if, I said, the male and female sex appear to differ in their fitness for any art or pursuit, we should say that such pursuit or art ought to be assigned to one or the other of them; but if the difference consists only in women bearing and men begetting children, this does not amount to a proof that a woman differs from a man in respect of the sort of education she should receive; and we shall therefore continue to maintain that our guardians and their wives ought to have the same pursuits.


To the Editor. Acute coronary syndrome as a result of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a catastrophic event associated with poor prognosis and high in-hospital mortality. It usually manifests itself as an acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock and/or fatal arrhythmias. This circumstance is rarely observed, since most affected patients die before seeking medical attention, so data on the precise incidence of acute LMCA thrombosis are limited.


We evaluated the associations between tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including CD8‐positive [+] lymphocytes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and histopathologic factors, particularly spontaneous "healing" and immunohistochemical (IHC)‐based subtypes, to clarify the effects of host immune response to cancer cells proliferation during early carcinogenesis for the breast cancer. This cohort enrolled 82 DCIS patients. We examined the relationships between clinicopathologic factors including age, DCIS architecture, Van Nuys classification, grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, TIL, CD8+ lymphocytes, healing, estrogen receptor and HER2 positivity, and IHC‐based subtypes [luminal, luminal‐HER2, HER2‐positive, triple negative (TN)]. The results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. High numbers of TIL (high‐TIL) and healing were seen in 30.5% and 39.0% of the cohort, respectively. The distributions of luminal, luminal‐HER2, HER2 and TN subtypes were 73.2%, 9.8%, 13.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. High Van Nuys grading, high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, high‐TIL, high CD8+ lymphocytes and healing were significantly associated with HER2‐positive (luminal‐HER2, HER2), and TN subtypes. High‐TIL was significantly associated with high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, healing, high CD8+ lymphocytes and HER2 and TN subtypes. Healing was significantly correlated with high CD8+ lymphocytes, high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, and HER2‐positive and TN subtypes. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong association between healing and TIL (odds ratio: 11.72, P = 0.024). High CD8+ lymphocytes was also significantly associated with healing (odds ratio: 9.26, P = 0.009). The results of this study suggested that the spontaneous healing phenomenon might be induced by CD8+ high‐TIL associated with high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features and HER2‐positive DCIS.


Intrasellar arachnoidocele is a herniation of the optochiasmatic cistern through a dehiscence of the sellar diaphragm producing an empty sella turcica, hence its name empty sella turcica syndrome. It is an extremely rare benign malformative pathology. We report a case of intra-sellar arachnoidocele in a 34-year-old woman revealed during an annual control of a sellar mass under dossinex by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which found the cystic formation of liquid signal identical to that of the LCS in hypo signal T1 and hyper signal T2 without enhancement after injection of Gadolinium. The epidemiological, clinical and radiological aspects of arachnoidocele were ana-lyzed. The purpose of this work is to bring the interest of MRI in the management of this pathology.


BACKGROUND
Chalcones are structurally simple compounds that are easily accessible by synthetic methods. Heterocyclic chalcones have gained the interest among scientists due to their diverse biological activities. The anti-tumor activities of heterocyclic chalcones are especially remarkable and the growing number of publications dealing with this topic warrants an up-to-date compilation.

METHODS
Search for antitumor active heterocyclic chalcones was carried out using Pubmed and Scifinder as common web-based literature searching tools. Pertinent and current literature is covered from 2015/2016 to 2019. Chemical structures, biological activities and modes of action of anti-tumor active heterocyclic chalcones are summarized.

RESULTS
Simply prepared chalcones have emerged over the last years with promising antitumor activities. Among them is a considerable number of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. But there are also new chalcones targeting special enzymes such as histone deacetylases or with DNA-binding properties.

CONCLUSION
This review provides a summary of recent heterocyclic chalcone derivatives with distinct anti-tumor activities.


The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for identity authentication. The embodiment of the invention includes that a logging in device is used for obtaining and storing user identity information, then when a service access request which is initiated by a user and specific to a certain server is received, the stored user identity information is sent to the server to be subjected to identity authentication so as to obtain a one-time password, and finally a parameter is constructed according to the one-time password to start a client so that a service request carrying the one-time password is initiated by the client to the server to achieve the purpose of access to the server. By means of the scheme, safety of the identity authentication can be guaranteed, and simultaneously a single sign-on function can be achieved.


Further to 'Learning and sharing with VSO' (career development May 12) and the volunteer work I have undertaken overseas, the article said: 'Ms Dupre has been qualified for five years but remains on pay band 5.


Three triphenylamine derivatives containing ferrocenyl groups (JW6, JW7 and JW8) were synthesized by facile syntheses. Their HOMO levels match the valence band energy of CH3NH3PbI3. The introduction of ferrocenyl was aimed to obtain hole transporting materials with high mobility for perovskite solar cells. JW7 shows higher hole mobility (4.2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) than JW6 (1.3 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) and JW8 (1.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1). Their film-forming properties are affected by their molecule structures. The methoxyl and N,N-dimethyl terminal substituents of JW7 and JW8 are beneficial for having better solubility than JW6. The regular mesoporous TiO2-based perovskite solar cells (n-i-p) and the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (p-i-n) fabricated using JW7 show the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.36% and 11.43% under 100 mW cm−2 AM1.5G solar illumination. For p-i-n cells, the standard HTM PEDOT-based cell reaches an efficiency of 12.86% under the same conditions.


In view of the gentle-dip weak intercalation at the foundation plane of water retaining dam of Baishiya reservoir,the author analyzed and studied the geological conditions and physical exploration results,inferred the developed scope,assessed the stability of dam foundation against sliding,and put forward corresponding treatment measures.


Abstract : Automatic speech recognition is viewed in terms of three sets of factors: the acoustic environment, the context of the sounds to be recognized, and the sounds themselves. The particular problems presented by each of these factors is surveyed briefly.


Objective To determine the toxicity and mutagenicity effect of nanometer TATB(1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene).Method Acute toxicity test,30 day feeding test in rats were used.Its mutagenicity was studied with Ames test,micronucleus test and sperm shape abnormality test.Result LD_(50) for nanometer TATB by oral exposure were above 10 g/kg in rats and mice.30 day feeding test showed that there were no significant differences in increased weight,food efficiency,relative organ weight and laboratory examination at the dose of 0.67,2.0 and 6.0 g/kg between animals exposed to nanometer TATB and the control group.Furthermore,no significant pathological changes were observed in liver,kidney,stomach,intestines,spleen,testicle and ovary in all animals.The maximal no-effect dose of nanometer TATB for oral exposure was above 6.0 g/kg.In the mutagenicity,no increase in the number of revertant colonies was found in the Ames tests with or without S9 mix.The micronucleus rates and sperm shape abnormality rates in all doses were no significant difference between the exposed groups and the control group(P0.05),respectively.Conclusion Nanometer TATB is no actual toxicity and has no mutagenic effect in this study.


Performance appraisal is an important and effective management mechanism to control and ensure the employee's performance in parallel with organizational objective. There are several techniques can be used for performance appraisal in organization. Based on research about performance appraisal techniques, Graphic Rating Scales Techniques is chosen to be used in developing on Performance Appraisal System of Kumpulan Pendidikan YPJ. Methodology used in developing the system is Phase Development Based Methodology. The analysis and design technique is based on the Object- Oriented modeling. For the implementation phase, the programming language that has been used is PHP and MYSQL as a database.


The apple watercore disease region detection is crucial to apple disease analysis in life science. However, traditional methods cannot be applied to this situation, because the watercore region varies gradually according to the apple region, and lighting variations and the bruise also give many false alarms. Now there is no such a stable and accurate method to cope with this difficulty. In this paper, we propose an effective apple watercore disease region segmentation scheme, which is intended to extract comprehensive representations of image on the basis of multilayer convolutional neural networks. With the learnt hierarchical feature representations from millions of pixels, false alarms caused by lighting variation and bruise are also restrained. Experiments based on a large self-designed dataset of apple watercore disease images show encouraging results.


Growth based on consumption comes with risks if it is based on factors that are not sustainable, but the main factor in increased consumption in recent years was increased income from labor. The rapid increase in consumer credit in recent years requires closer monitoring by regulators, increased caution on the part of the public and credit providers, and an informed examination of repayment capabilities when providing or taking out credit. Growth that is led by consumption generally leads to lower long-term growth. Low investment leads to a smaller increase in the stock of capital and in the adoption of technologies that accompany that investment, and lower exports lead to the economy being less able to exploit its relative advantages. The good current state of the economy, thanks partly to the rapid increase in private consumption, makes it necessary for us today to focus on dealing with the challenges we face—improving human capital and workers' skills, improving the business activity environment, and investing in infrastructure. All these will ensure improved productivity and a better standard of living in the long term.


This article examines the prevalence, mechanism and risk factors associated with orthodontically induced root resorption. The long term prognosis for those who suffer severe root resorption is also discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Root resorption is an inevitable consequence of treatment with fixed appliances. This article indicates risk factors which may be identified prior to treatment, and measures which may be taken to minimize shortening during treatment.


A  SeO3 centered lacunary Keggin-type heteropolyoxovanadate (hetero-POV) K6H2[SeV10O28(SeO3)3]·14H2O (1) was isolated by one-pot reaction of KVO3 and SeO2 under acidic condition. X-ray studies revealed that it comprised a single {VO5}-capped trivacant B-α-type Keggin ion [SeV9O33(VO)]14- with its lacunary sites decorated by three {SeO3} pyramids. Interestingly, this new basic hetero-POV building block was further used as precursor to assembly with different transtion metal (TM) ions, yielding a series of TM-sandwiched POVs K6H8[(SeV10O28(SeO3)3)2(M(H2O)4)]·24H2O (M2+ = Mn2+ (2), Co2+ (3), Zn2+ (4)). All four compounds were characterised by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, IR, XPS, EPR, and 51V NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, three TM-sandwiched derivatives exhibited effective catalytic activity for the heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization of sulfides at room temperature.


In producing speech of other than mother tongue, the term bilinguals might fit the condition where an EFL learner is trying to use two different languages alternately. It is has come into common recognition that Madurese people are typically identified for their accent when they speak other than their mother tongue. This study is aimed at describing the segmental sounds pronounced by Madurese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Using a case study upon three subjects, this descriptive-qualitative research employed the theory of structural phonology for the analysis, that is, to describe how consonant and vowel sounds of English were pronounced by the learners. The subjects were observed for three months. They represented the characteristics of Madurese producing their English segmental sounds when speaking and reading their English. The data of the research were focused on English segmental sounds taken from both in natural conversation and sentence reading that represents certain English sounds (consonants and vowels) by means of participant and non participant observation. In conversation there were 59 sets of utterances (S1), 17 (S2), and 53 (S3), while there are 44 sets in the sentence reading for each subject. The results of the research shows that in the production of English segmental sounds (consonants and vowels), the learners' EFL pronunciation was categorized into general and specific characteristics of the segmental sounds. The general characteristics refer to those of speech sounds which are produced by EFL Madurese students meeting the general phonological errors by EFL students in common. Those general characteristics fall into the vowel and consonant changes, and the syllable structure changes. Meanwhile, the specific characteristics refer to the strikingly different speech sound production by EFL Madurese students due to the influence of their mother tongue phonetic features. Keywords—structural phonology; segmental sounds; segmental sound changes; Madurese EFL learners


Patients with paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy or encephalomyelitis associated with small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC) frequently harbor anti-Hu antibodies (also called antineuronal nuclear antibodies type 1) in serum and CSF. [1] These antibodies react with a family of nuclear proteins, with apparent molecular mass ranging from 35 to 45 kD, expressed in neurons and SCLC cells. [2] Anti-Hu antibodies are one example of ANA associated with autoimmune disease. ANA occur in a variety of autoimmune disorders, most classically systemic lupus erythematosus. The ability of these antibodies to interact with nuclear antigens in living cells has been questioned and the relevance of the antibodies to disease production doubted. However, several groups have demonstrated that autoantibodies can penetrate living cells. [3]

Anti-Hu IgG penetrates viable Hu-positive SCLC cells and localizes in the nucleus. [4] How this IgG internalizes into the cell and translocates to the nucleus is unknown. Immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry show no Hu antigen on the cell surface (Lieberman and Hormigo, unpublished data; Posner, personal communication). Alternatively, internalization may be mediated by receptors that recognize the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules, the Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma Rs). Fc gamma Rs comprise a family of molecules within the immunoglobulin superfamily. There are three main classes: Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII. [5] For example, the internalization of …


This article reports the concept analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) in nursing practice. The concept analysis approach of Walker and Avant was applied. The attributes of EHR in nursing include (1) user-friendly, (2) preserving security, (3) providing good performance, and (4) structured. The antecedent of EHRs in nursing is IT recourses, and the consequences include creating integrated care, improving data completeness and data completeness with time, reducing cost, and decreasing medication errors. Providing good nursing care is a central goal of nursing. EHRs are to provide better nursing care. This analysis provides the nurses a new perspective by helping them to understand all the components within the concept of EHRs in nursing practice.


The paper describes how voice control was prototypically added to an existing Internet banking solution. It first sketches the conventional application and the aims that guided its extension. These goals influenced the design of the user interface. Thus the paper goes on to discuss the prevalent design issues of voice-controlled human-computer interaction in this context. A description of the prototype's implementation issues reveals insights how to integrate reusable components for voice recognition to a purely Java-based application. Visions of voice-controlled electronic commerce applications and plans for future work round out the paper.