This study focuses on whether marriage and parenthood influence work values after taking into account the influence of work values on family formation. In a recent panel of young adults (N = 709), stronger extrinsic and weaker intrinsic work values during adolescence predicted marriage and parenthood 9 years out of high school. Controlling these relationships, wives, but not husbands, came to attach less importance to extrinsic rewards, and both husbands and wives attached less importance to intrinsic rewards, compared to single men and women. Fathers came to place greater importance on extrinsic rewards than men who had not become parents. The effect of motherhood on extrinsic values depended upon marital status, with positive effects only evident among single mothers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of work-family relationships and understanding the meaning of contemporary family roles, especially motherhood and fatherhood. Key Words: marriage, parenthood, work attitudes, work values. Although it is generally recognized that work-family relationships are bidirectional, the vast majority of studies in this area focus on how the structure and conditions of work shape family life (Perry-Jenkins, Repetti, & Crouter, 2000; Rogers & May, 2003). In a recent review of the work-family literature, Perry-Jenkins et al. document the extensive literature on how employment experiences shape family processes, including parenting. Within this stream of research has been a strong tradition concerned with how occupational conditions shape workers' job-related values that in turn influence values and behaviors off the job, including those that are family related (Klute, Crouter, Sayer, & McHale, 2002; Kohn, 1969; Kohn & Schooler, 1983). As is true of other areas of work-family research, little consideration has been given to reciprocal processes, including how family roles and behaviors may shape workers' values and other beliefs that have behavioral and attainment implications in the workplace. In this study I examine whether family roles shape work orientations, specifically whether marriage and parenthood influence a type of work orientation known as work values. Work values are beliefs about the desirability of various work features and are usually denned by referencing potential rewards derived from working (e.g., pay, prestige, opportunities to learn). Most research on work values has differentiated values with reference to two broad types of rewards derived from working. Intrinsic rewards of work refer to gratifications derived from the work tasks themselves (e.g., interest, challenge, responsibility); extrinsic rewards are obtained from the job but are external to the task experience (e.g., pay, security, and prestige). Extrinsic rewards are sometimes characterized as instrumental-the means to achieve nonwork goals. Extrinsic and intrinsic values are not opposite ends of a continuum but rather two dimensions of work values that are usually somewhat positively correlated in empirical studies. Scholars of work and occupations are interested in work values largely because of their role in occupational choice and attainment (Judge & Bretz, 1992; Mortimer & Lorence, 1979) as well as job satisfaction (Kalleberg, 1977). Work values are linked to family roles, but the nature of the link is not yet well understood. Cross-sectional studies have documented that marriage and parenthood are associated with greater worker emphasis on extrinsic rewards, such as pay, benefits, and job stability, but not intrinsic rewards, such as having interesting, challenging, or variability in work tasks (Gorman, 2000; Loscocco, 1989; Loscocco & Kalleberg, 1988). Such relationships between family roles and work values have been attributed to a process whereby entry into marriage or parenthood changes individuals' work values, yet many prior studies are limited in their actual capacity to address this issue. …


Learning ObjectivesIdentify characteristic patterns of ambulatory medical care provided to patients with work-related conditions.Explain how individuals who make medical visits for work-related conditions differ from other patients demographically and in the type of health care setting in which they are seen.Contrast the type of medical care and services received by patients seen for work-related and non-work-related reasons.Recall strategies prompted by the findings of this survey that could improve the outcome in patients who seek medical care for work-related disorders. Data from the 1997 and 1998 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys were analyzed to describe nationally representative patterns of office-based ambulatory medical care for work-related injuries and illnesses. Key dimensions of care included patient demographics, diagnoses, utilization of services, provider and payer information, and characteristics of the clinical setting in which care was delivered. Multivariate analyses revealed that compared to visits for nonwork related conditions, ambulatory care visits for work-related conditions are more likely to involve x-rays, injury prevention counseling, and physiotherapy. Surgical procedures, mental health counseling, prescription drug medication, and the taking of blood pressure were found to be relatively less common. Additionally, authorization for care was required considerably more often at visits for work-related conditions, and the provider for patients with work-related conditions was less likely to be the patient's regular primary care physician.


The purpose of this study to determine the effect of advertising, price, and product quality on purchasing decisions motorcycle Yamaha New V-ixion Yamaha Ks in central city of Padang. The sample in this study consumers who have purchased and used motorcycle Yamaha New V-ixion Yamaha Ks in central city of Padang is eighty respondents. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The data used are primary data through questionnaires. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Test the hypothesis by using statistical test T-test. Results of the study found that advertising, and price positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. While product quality and no significant positive influence on purchasing decisions motorcycle Yamaha New V-ixion Yamaha Ks in central city of Padang. Suggested to the motorcycle company Yamaha attention to product quality and consumer benefits received. Keywords: Advertising, Price, Product Quality and Opurchasing Decisions


We investigated the production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in pregnant women with a previous venous thromboembolic event before, during and after the use of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin). Twenty women were studied before starting heparin prophylaxis (before 20 weeks of gestation), during heparin prophylaxis (at 30 weeks of gestation) and after heparin prophylaxis (16 weeks after delivery). Ten pregnant women with no history of thromboembolism were studied as the control group. Urinary output of the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α) and that of thromboxane A2 (2,3‐dinor‐TxB2), as well as a number of markers of thrombophilia were measured and expressed as mean (±SEM). Women with a history of thromboembolism were characterized by normal prostacyclin production but elevated thromboxane production (44·0 ± 4·1 versus 19·0 ± 3·6 ng/mmol creatinine, P < 0·001) at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Heparin prophylaxis (regardless of the type) had abolished elevated thromboxane concentrations at 30 weeks of gestation. Four months after delivery, thromboxane dominance had returned (25·2 ± 3·5 versus 13·6 ± 2·1 ng/mmol creatinine, P < 0·01). The presence of hereditary thrombophilia (9/20) was not associated with any changes in prostanoid concentrations. Thus, women with a history of venous thromboembolic events have thromboxane dominance during and after pregnancy, but this dominance can be eliminated through the use of heparins.


Developing "green" catalytic systems with desirable performance such as good water solubility, recyclability, and switchability is a great challenge. Here, to address this challenge, we extend the ...


The use of typomorphology as a means of understanding urban areas has a long tradition amongst academics but the reach of these methods into urban design practice has been limited. In this paper we present a method to support the description and prescription of urban form that is contextsensitive, multi-dimensional, systematic, exploratory, and quantitative, thus facilitating the application of urban typomorphology to planning practice. At the core of the proposed method is the k-means statistical clustering technique to produce objective classifications from the large complex data sets typical of urban environments. Block and street types were studied as a test case and a context-sensitive sample of types that correspond to two different neighbourhoods were identified. This method is suitable to support the identification, understanding and description of emerging urban forms that do not fall into standard classifications. The method can support larger urban form studies through consistent application of the procedures to different sites. The quantitative nature of its output lends itself to integration with other systematic procedures related to the research, analysis, planning and design of urban areas.


In modern economic conditions, economic components must be based on environmental components, especially for agricultural production, which ensures economic and food security of the country. Therefore, management system of agricultural enterprises has to be supplemented with environmental and agro-chemical components in order to improve and increase soil quality. The peculiarities of ecological agrochemical farm lands' evaluation and certification in Ukraine were considered in the article. Their necessity for farmlands used for manufacturing organic raw materials and products was determined. Land classification and characteristics according to the degree of suitability for manufacturing organic products and raw materials are given: suitable, limited suitable, unsuitable lands. Indices of soil suitability for organic farming and their standards have been studied, namely: humus content; topsoil depth; particle size distribution; reaction of soil solution; the sum of absorbed bases (Ca + Mg); soil density; the content of mobile compounds of phosphorus, potassium, micro- elements, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, nitrogen by nitrification power and mobile sulfur in the soil. Emphasis is placed on land suitability for organic farming, as important direction of agricultural production eco-balance. Agro-technological measures to improve ecological and agro-chemical condition of the soil used in organic farming are presented, considering sanitary-hygienic condition of the soil, its ecological stability and agro-chemical soil fertility. Interdependence and responsibility of farmers for soil condition as a result of their economic activities, the expediency of forecasting possible contamination of crops grown in the future have been mentioned. It is emphasized that the received information is entered into the ecological passport of farms, which implies the manufacturing of organic crop growing and livestock farming products at the level of world standards. The influence of ecological-agrochemical condition of land under organic farming on the quality of raw materials and products was determined. Forecasting the quality of organic farm products and raw materials according to their biological full-value condition and environmental safety is carried out by assessing the groups of indicators: qualitative assessment of farm's soil; ecological and agro-chemical certification of farm lands; environmental impact assessments of farming system and technologies of crop cultivation; ecological and agro-chemical assessment of lands for growing organic farm raw materials and products. Emphasis is placed on social responsibility of agricultural manufactures for products and soil quality. Thus, it is necessary to improve soil quality in Ukraine by introducing organic farming, which will ensure land management stabilization and strengthen their adaptability and enable to grow high-quality organic farm raw materials and products.


Objective To establish a new method for analyzing the contents of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Xuanmaiganjie granula.Methods Samples were analyzed on a Grace Smart-RP18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2% HAc under gradient elution during 0-20 min(28→39∶72→61).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength 278 nm.Results The average recoveries for harpagosicle and cinnamic acid were 100.4% and 97.2% with RSD 1.27% and 2.36%(n=6),respectively.Conclusion The method can be used for the quantitative analysis of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Xuanmaiganjie granula.


This paper presents the current state of research undertaken as part of Performance Practice in New Interfaces for Realtime Electronic Music Performance under the working title, TIEM (Taxonomy of realtime Interfaces for Electronic Music performance). This research is being carried out at the Virtual, Interactive, Performance Research Environment and the MARCS Auditory Laboratories at the University of Western Sydney in partnership with Electronic Music Foundation (EMF), Infusion Systems and The Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL) at McGill University. The project seeks to develop a taxonomy for new interfaces for real-time electronic music performance. Key developments of the TIEM research to date are the creation of an online questionnaire, which has resulted in a publicly accessible online database of the interfaces and instruments submitted to the survey (if they elected to be listed publicly). The questionnaire consisted of a mix of textural and numeric, qualitative and quantitative questions arranged into six sections – 1) General Description, 2) Design Objectives, 3) Physical Design, 4) Parameter Space, 5) Performance Practice, 6) Classification. Since launching the online database eight months ago, it has had over 500 unique visitors per month and 1800 page views per month. The TIEM database has also been referenced in (amongst others) WIRED, CNN and Electroacoustic Resources. 1. Discussion There is little clarity or consensus in current approaches to developing an ontology of digital musical interfaces or instruments (DMI). The prevailing accepted taxonomy of acoustic instruments (Mahillon [1] and later expanded by Hornbostel and Sachs [6]) focuses on the initial vibrating element in an instrument that produces its sound, and consists of four top-level classifications 1) Aerophones, 2) Chordophones, 3) Idiophones and 4) Membranophones. Each of these top-level classifications is broken into numerous sub-categories, creating over 300 basic categories in all. In 1940 Sachs expanded the classification system to include a fifth top-level group, Electrophones for instruments involving electricity. In Sachs' classification system the electrophones were separated into three sub-categories a. instruments with an electronic action; b. electro-mechanical, acoustic sounds transformed into electric through amplification; c. radioelectric, instruments that are based on oscillating circuits. This classification system is inadequate as a classification system when seeking to capture the richness, diversity and trends of current digital musical instrument design. By placing the focus on the initial sound making device, the differences, similarities and relationships between new digital musical instruments such as, for instance, Bob Glucks eShofar [5], Sid Fels' Tooka [4] and Joseph Malloch's T-stick [10] become unclear. Mahillon's and Hornbostel and Sachs approach would loose many of the subtleties of these and the other instruments in the TIEM database. More recent approaches to developing taxonomies of digital musical instrument (DMI) have focused on: 1. The sensor types used, 2. the nature of the interface, 3. the way gestures are captured and 4. the mappings between interface and sound generating functions [11]. Pringer [13] compared DMI with respect to expressivity, immersion and feedback. While Pressing [14] and Birnbaum et al. [1] have proposed multi-dimensional spaces to represent DMI, which seek to incorporate the various interactive potentials these instruments often offer. Birnbaums [1] proposed a multi-dimensional space to represent DMI, seeking to incorporate the various interactive potentials these instruments often offer. This model includes seven dimensions — 1) Role of Sound, 2) Required Expertise, 3) Music Control, 4) Degrees of Freedom, 5) Feedback Modalities, 6) Inter-actors, 7) Distribution in Space. 2. REVISING DEFINITIONS The TIEM project database represents a wide range of innovative approaches to electronic music performance. Whether seen as an instrument or interface, it is clear that their principle focus is live music making. Underlying all of the instruments currently listed on the TIEM web site (http://vipre.uws.edu.au/tiem) and much of the discussion in the literature and the NIME community, is a foundation concept of 'Instrument'. It is useful to unpack that concept to illuminate the influence it has on design and development. Daniel J. Levitin [8] discuses musical schemas in his book This is Your Brain on Music. The relevance to this discussion is his discussion of perceptual expectations and how these inform musical expectations and establish constraints and limitations in musical practices. They also form the basis for idiomatic writing for any instrument. Levitin points out how trained and untrained people can sing 'happy birthday' regardless of the starting pitch. We hold a schema that is: isomorphic, it can be applied to any starting point, is widely shared and, always retains its integrity, and furthermore, is context sensitive. A musical instrument schema clearly exists. It is generally understood what is being communicated when one uses the term Musical Instrument, however an examination of organologies [11] [7] fails to illuminate such a schema. An examination of the application or organologies through the lens of musical performance is very helpful, as it essentially forms a design brief. Stanley Godlovitch's [17] philosophical deconstruction of the notion of musical performance carefully unpicks the construct of the musical performance. Endeavouring to address new instruments Godlovitch puts forward the concept of 'remote control', saying that "Computer assisted music, musical quasi-readymades, and experimental music challenge the centrality of immediate agency. ... Primary causation involves direct control. Not all causation is primary. Causation is indirect when what the maker does skilfully is at a significant procedural remove from the final effect. Indirect causation is standard in computer art and music. I will call the process remote control." It is true that new interfaces/instruments are primarily used/presented within an understood performance convention, but immediate agency is often challenged by a lack of observable primary causation. Godlovitch's frame of reference for "computer assisted music, musical quasi-readymades" is where a sequence of musical material is predetermined and a performance entails the replay of that material without intervention. Much has changed in the last ten years with computing power facilitating realtime software synthesis languages such as Supercollider, Max/MSP, Pd, Chuck, Impromptu, Audiomulch etc. wherein variables within these software synthesisers can be controlled in realtime. Such a paradigm is not considered by Godlovitch. There are then, two distinct approaches to computer assisted music; 1. the control of predetermined sequences of sounds (such as the triggering of sound samples in Ableton Live, or any other sample based software instruments), 2. the creation of sounds in realtime by the manipulation of software synthesis variables. These approaches may be differentiated as Control or Create. The Control or Create division is not clear-cut, they are often combined in performance setups, where samples may be triggered, however filters, delays, granulation time etc. may be varied in realtime in order to effect the sound outcomes. This co-habitation complicates the classification of such performance systems as musical instruments. An examination of NIME/DMI demonstrates that both 'remote control' and primary causation occur simultaneously. It may be agreed that where the act of performance is limited to the triggering of pre-determined sequences (remote control), that the interface acts as a controller (a process of control is paramount), however, if primary causation is observable, a direct and immediate agency is again central to the performance and as such a vestigial reference is made to a definition as musical instrument (a process of creation is paramount). A collective agreement on such definitions is important to the development of common schemas. Returning to Levitin's discussion of musical schemas, a shared model of perceptual and musical expectations and a common understanding of constraints and limitations in musical practices provide the framework for a shared understanding of causation and agency in acoustic music performance. The authors suggest that without such a shared schema for computer assisted music, which may start with the delineation of control and creation processes, the general public will always be uncertain about the authenticity of a computer music performance. In acoustic instrument performance, gesture is central in providing immediate agency and drawing attention to primary causation. Of course computer music performance has developed some conventions (laptop performance without an obvious gestural interface, no-input mixing desks, performances with a Monome interface etc.), and repeated exposure provides a constant updating of any schema associated with such performances. 3. METHOD The TIEM project approaches all of these challenges, seeking to define a framework, a taxonomy or schema that might help to present a unifying base for discussion and comparative studies in this area. The online TIEM Questionnaire consisted of 72 questions examining the practice and application of new interfaces for real-time electronic music performance. The questions consisted of a mix of textural and numeric, qualitative and quantitative, arranged into six sections— 1) General Description 2) Design Objectives 3) Physical Design 4) Parameter Space 5) Performance Practice 6) Classification Participants were not required to answer all questions and were able to revisit the questionnaire to complete their submission as often as necessary. The questionnaire was launched in June 2008 and as of Decemb


Design idea of on line plate ultrasonic tester for longitudinal submerged arc welded pipe production line is described.Its mechanical structure and testing work principle is highlighted.Theoretical analyses probe stepped track on plate and points out testing operation notice and realization of control process.


In this article, the authors establish the pointwise characterization of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on spaces of homogeneous type via clarifying the relationship among Haj\l asz-Sobolev spaces, Haj\l asz-Besov and Haj\l asz-Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, grand Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, and Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces. A major novelty of this article is that all results presented in this article get rid of both the dependence on the reverse doubling condition of the measure and the metric condition of the quasi-metric under consideration. Moreover, the pointwise characterization of the inhomogeneous version is new even when the underlying space is an RD-space.


There are 3 points to discuss the Indonesian contemporary society who lives in reformation order. First is urban society with liberalism perspectives, open and information technology in their hand. Second is structuralist society, who lives and willingness in patron – client/ leadership traits. Third is marginal society with less access to education, health system and powerless. In the development of reformation order, with new perspectives and interpretation, there are some changing in our society, rapidly moved. What implication, also with communication perspectives? Also what is going to happen next , are parts of the discussion in this article.


Although western theories in entrepreneurial activity are utilised in the Sri Lankan education system and entrepreneurship training programs, they have been challenged in the Sri Lankan context. The initially surprising criticism by the successful entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka of well-established popular theories led to insight that it is difficult to understand cultural factors in one society through the lenses of another. Successful theories of entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka need to be formed in the Sri Lankan context, shaped by local culture and values. This paper discloses that socio-cultural values are of particular relevance to understanding entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon. The selection of an appropriate subjective ontology is required to understand the context fully. A qualitative research methodology and inductive holistic case study approach including grounded theory analysis were selected to explore peoples' experiences and behaviour. This allowed context sensitive theoretical understanding of entrepreneurship reality in Sri Lanka to emerge.


Datamining is very important in modern world. Collection of many types of data we find (knowledge discovery process) the essential information from hidden things. So, data mining is very important to extract the essential hidden data. Data mining with machine learning algorithmsis effective to mine the essential data and it is very fast-growing technology. Few ML algorithms are compared using BMI based. Obesity is BMI level is equal to 30 or above 30, so this disease is very complex. Obesity will affect the quality of life like depression, lower work achievement, disability. In this paper we applied classification machine learning algorithms like KNN, XGB, Logistic Regression, DT and compared those algorithms in obesity data.


The SIGMA concept, under development by Argentina, represents the evolution of the Uranium Enrichment Gaseous Diffusion technology, updated to face the challenge of the new economic-based and competitive world frame. The Enrichment technology has been historically considered as a highly proliferating activity in the nuclear field, and central countries have limited the access of the developing countries to this technology. The SIGMA concept incorporates innovative proliferation resistant criteria at the beginning of the design process, and inherits all the nonproliferation features of the Gaseous Diffusion Plants (GDPs). The radical new proliferation resistant approach of the SIGMA technology, suggest a new kind of global control of the Uranium Enrichment Market, were some developing countries might access to an Enrichment plant without accessing to the technology itself. In this paper, we analyse the economy of the SIGMA plants, and the implications of this technology on the Uranium Global Market.


This paper gives further analysis about the stable region of Nash equilibrium point at the core of Bowley's Duopoly model with bounded rationality,And the adjustment speed of the output quantity is looked upon the production strategy in it.The numerals simulates duopoly's strategic region which is separated into three parts—equilibrated region,periodic region,chaotic region.The study suggests that oligarch would regulate initiatively the adjustment speed of the output quantity for higher profit,which is the intrinsic factor that the duopoly game market fluctuates periodically or sinks into chaotic state.


BackgroundBalloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) has emerged as the treatment of choice for patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS). We report here our short and long–term outcomes of BPV in 64 patients with isolated native PS. MethodsFrom February 1996 to February 2006, sixty–four patients with PS (pressure gradients ≥40 mm Hg) were enrolled in this retrospective study. ResultsThe hemodynamic data at catheterization revealed that the RV PA pressure gradient before BPV ranged from 40 to 240 mmHg (mean ± SD = 93.2 ± 43.4 mmHg). The above gradient immediately after BPV ranged from 5 to 163 mmHg (mean ± SD = 30.3 ± 27.7 mmHg), and the difference was significant (p=0.0037). Twenty-three patients had regular follow–up. The duration of follow– up ranged from 1-120 months with a mean of 38.5 ± 31.3 months. The transvalvar pressure gradient during the above period ranged from 10 to 140 mmHg with a mean of 35.9 ± 27.9 mmHg and showed a significant difference (p = 0.0032) with the pressure gradients before BPV. ConclusionBPV provides short and mid-term relief of pulmonary valve obstruction in the majority of patients (Iranian Heart Journal 2010; 11 (2):25-29).


This paper considers the immediate post-traumatic reactions of rescue personnel who were exposed to the Hilton Hotel bombing in Sinai. The entire rescue personnel (n = 26) were assessed and separated into two groups on the basis of previous exposure to the same type of trauma. The results suggest that among rescue personnel, those with previous exposure had a lower level of post-traumatic symptoms than those who were being exposed for the first time. This supports the hypothesis that previous exposure to the same type of trauma has an immunizing effect for subsequent same type of traumatic event among rescue personnel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


First-principles total-energy calculations within the framework of generalized gradient approximation to density-functional theory have been performed for atomic carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen chemisorption on the (111) surface of $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$. The full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional has been employed. Chemisorption energies have been optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the Pu surface for four adsorption sites, namely, the top, bridge, hollow fcc, and hollow hcp sites, with the adlayer structure corresponding to a coverage of 0.50 of a monolayer in all cases. Computations were carried out at two theoretical levels, one without spin-orbit coupling (NSOC) and one with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). For NSOC calculations, the hollow fcc adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for C and N with chemisorption energies of 6.272 and $6.504\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively, while the hollow hcp adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for O with chemisorption energy of $8.025\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. For SOC calculations, the hollow fcc adsorption site was found to be the most stable site in all cases with chemisorption energies for C, N, and O being 6.539, 6.714, and $8.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively. The respective distances of the C, N, and O adatoms from the surface were found to be 1.16, 1.08, and $1.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. Our calculations indicate that SOC has negligible effect on the chemisorption geometries, but energies with SOC are more stable than the cases with NSOC within a range of $0.05\char21{}0.27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The work function and net magnetic moments, respectively, increased and decreased in all cases upon chemisorption compared with the bare $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$ (111) surface. The partial charges inside the muffin tins, difference charge-density distributions, and the local density of states have been used to analyze the Pu-adatom bond interactions.


It is possible to provide a learning device, a learning method, an information processing device, an information processing method, and a program which can output information in which a user operation feature is reflected. A content processing unit (24) processes an input image in accordance with a user operation and generates processed information required for outputting the obtained output image. A processed information recording unit (28) accumulates a plurality of processed information in accordance with the number of user operations. A learning unit (30) calculates a prediction coefficient expressing a feature of a user operation by executing learning using student data formed by the plurality of processed information accumulated in the processed information recording unit (28) and teacher data acquired by a teacher data acquisition unit (29). The learning unit (30) causes a user algorithm recording unit (31) to store the calculated prediction coefficient. The present invention may be applied, for example, to an image processing device.


In the present report, we have done specific heat measurements in glassy Se80−xTe20Sbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 15) alloys in glass transition region. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique is used for this purpose. We have observed a tremendously huge increase in the specific heat (Cp) values at the glass transition temperature. The thermal analysis shows that the values of Cp below glass transition temperature and the difference of Cp values before and after glass transition (∆Cp) are highly composition-dependent.


Appearance of ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity in chiral tilted smectic phases is an interesting phenomenon. It is not only attractive for use in applications to fast-response displays (Goodby et al., 1991; Walba, 1995); it also attracts fundamental interest related to synclinic or anticlinic ordering of the molecules (Lagerwall & Giesselmann, 2006; Lemieux, 2007; Nishiyama, 2010). The frustration between synclinic-ferroelectricity and anticlinicantiferroelectricity in chiral smectic C phases causes temperature-induced successive phase transitions (Fukuda et al., 1994; Inui et al. 1996; Isozaki et al., 1993; Matsumoto et al., 1999; Osipov & Fukuda, 2000; Sandhya et al., 2009; Takezoe et al., 2010). When ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases have equal free energy, intermediate ferrielectric sub-phases with a degenerated energy level can appear between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases. At the outset of disclosing antiferroelectric SmC*A phase in MHPOBC, three other SmC*-like phases were observed (Chandani et al., 1989a). These phases were designated as SmC*α, SmC*β, and SmC*γ in order of decreasing temperature (Chandani et al., 1989b), the SmC*β phase was regarded as the oridinary ferreoelectric SmC* phase. Gorecka et al. soon proved that SmC*γ is a ferrielectric phase (Gorecka et al., 1990). Isozaki et al. confirmed that an antiferroelectric subphase might emerge between SmC*β, and SmC*γ phases (Isozaki et al., 1992, 1993). Mach et al. reported the first direct structural observation of distinct multilayer periodicities of the subphases using resonant X-ray scattering (March et al., 1998, 1999). They confirmed three-layer and four-layer periodicities, respectively, in what they called Ferri 1 and Ferri 2 phases. Nguyen et al. identified the Ferri 1 as SmCγ* (Nguyen et al., 1994). The Ferri 2 phase was found to have antiferroelectric characteristics (Aoki et al., 1999). Later, the SmC*β of MHPOBC was identified as Ferri 2 phase (Gorecka et al., 2002). At least two ferrielectric phases consisting of three-layer and four-layer unit cells exist. Other ferrielectric subphases induced by successive phase transition have been observed. Fukuda et al. proposed that the subphases are represented as SmC*A(qT), where qT = F/(A+F) (Isozaki et al., 1993). In those equations, F denotes the number of synclinic layers in one periodicity: A represents the number of anticlinic layers in one periodicity. Figure 1 presents illustrations of antiferroelectric phase SmC*A (0), ferrielectric subphase SmC*A (1/3), antiferroelectric-like ferrielectric subphase SmC*A (1/2), and ferroelectric phase SmC*A (1). Some theoretical and experimental studies have been undertaken to explain the appearance of ferrielectric phases (Cepic & Zeks, 2001; Cepic et al., 2002; Fukuda et al., 1994; Johnson et al., 2000; Matsumoto et al., 1999; Osipov & Fukuda, 2000; Yamashita & Miyajima, 1993).


A study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that over 7,000 emergency room visits per year could be attributed to improper use of over-the-counter cough and cold medications...


Objective:To explore the recurrence mechanism of gastric ulcer and intervention of dendrobium polysaccharides in rats.Methods:The experimental animals were divided into normal group,no recurrence model group,recurrence model group,dendrobium polysaccharide and omeprazole group,dendrobium polysaccharide group and omeprazole group.The recurrence gastric ulcer model was developed by using intraperitoneal injection with interleukin-1β.The pathohistological structure of the recurrence gastric ulcer were observed after treatment with dendrobium polysaccharides for 90 days,and the activities of the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) of gastric mucosa were determined.Results:The activities of SOD of dendrobium polysaccharide and omeprazole group and dendrobium polysaccharide group were significantly improved(P0.01),and the contents of MDA of all groups had no statistical difference(P0.05).The recurrence of gastric ulcer of dendrobium polysaccharide and omeprazole group decresed.Conclusions:The recurrence of the gastric ulcer is related to free radical.Dendrobium polysaccharide and omeprazole can inhibit the recurrence of the gastric ulcer,which mechanism is probably related to anti-oxidation capacity.


To the Editor:—My attention was recently drawn to a newly designed oral airway with an inflatable cuff (fig. 1) developed from one first described by Greenberg and Toung of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore in 1992. Something familiar about this airway prompted me to search through my files, and I found an airway with an inflatable cuff for intranasal surgery (fig. 2). This had been introduced by Sir Francis Shipway, senior anesthetist at Guy's Hospital, in 1935. A somewhat similar Lessinger airway cuff (fig. 3) was found in the 1936 Foregger catalogue. Sir Francis introduced his airway as "a simple method of preventing blood, pus, or other fluid from entering the trachea during intranasal operations." For this, the airway carried a rubber balloon, with a tube for its inflation when in situ. The mouth was then packed with ribbon gauze. Nitrous oxide and oxygen could then be administered through the airway by means of the special fitting, which was designed not to interfere with the manipulations of the surgeon (fig. 4). Neither Sir Francis nor Langton Hewer mentioned that this fitting had been designed by Ivan Magill in 1922 while he was working at the Queen's Hospital for Facial and Jaw Injuries in Sidcup. Magill and Rowbotham had been appointed as anesthetists to this hospital on a part-time basis to handle their 600 ex-service patients with maxillofacial injuries, although until then, Magill had scant knowledge of anesthetics. Pallister stated that Magill recalled that initially, the anesthetic equipment available to them was limited to a Shipway apparatus, with which they insufflated ether vapor through an oral airway, but the difficulty of maintaining the airway throughout an operation, which lasted some 4 h and sometimes entailed the entry of blood into the pharynx, was a tremendous job. For this task, "the slot in the Philips pharyngeal airway was fitted with an angle piece made from a 303 cartridge case"(fig. 4). Ether vapor from the Shipway apparatus was blown into a funnel attached to this angle piece. The funnel magnified the patient's breath sounds and so enabled the anesthetist to follow the patient's breathing while well away from the surgical field. A later improvement on Magill's anglepiece that could be rotated was introduced by Charles in 1937 (fig. 5). Until the international 15-mm fitting was later adopted, British tracheal tube connectors followed Magill's design and used a short length of rubber tubing to connect with the breathing system. Rowbotham and Magill progressed from this early method to an endotracheal insufflation technique using two tubes. One, a narrow bore gum-elastic catheter, was passed through the nose and guided into the trachea using a laryngoscope and a rod inserted into an eye at the end of the catheter. This tube conveyed the gases deep into the trachea. The other, wider bore tube was passed through the other nostril into the pharynx to ensure a free exit for the gases. It was noticed that occasionally this tube would glide spontaneously into the larynx. Magill developed this technique and introduced it as "blind intubation" in 1928. In the days before relaxants, this was a great convenience because it enabled one to intubate at planes of anesthesia too light to provide adequate relaxation for laryngoscopy. In addition to his part-time post at the maxillofacial center, Magill joined the staff of the Brompton Hospital for Consumption in 1923 and was appointed Chloroformist to the Westminster Hospital in 1924. At the Brompton Hospital, he worked on the equipment necessary to solve the problems of anesthesia for thoracic surgery, evolving endobronchial tubes and blockers and the instruments necessary for their placement.


Layover affects the quality of urban interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) digital elevation models. Moreover, it is generally difficult to interpret because of the superposition of several contributions in a single SAR pixel. In this paper, a novel technique for the extraction of building layovers is first presented. It makes use of the geocoding stage embedded in the InSAR processor. It is shown that building layovers create a regular pattern in the mapping counter, a map describing the number of occurrences of a SAR pixel in the elevation model. Its exploitation yields a generation of a layover map without the use of external supports. The integration in the processor with a limited additional computational load and the capability to isolate layover signatures are additional benefits. Layover patches are then individually analyzed toward a better understanding of the complex urban signal return. A spectral estimation framework is employed to assess the slopes superimposed in the patches. Fringe-frequency estimation is involved. A set of simulations made for a nonparametric (fast Fourier transform) and a parametric (multiple signal classification) technique is performed prior to testing on real data. It is demonstrated that in X-band, for a single interferogram, just one layover contributor, when it dominates over the others, can be extracted with a sufficient accuracy. The algorithms are tested on a TanDEM-X spotlight acquisition over Berlin (Germany).


—The changes in the wet weight and the numbers of cell nuclei recovered from the cerebral hemispheres, the cerebellum and the brain stem of rats from the period of 5–30 days after birth have been determined. In parallel a study has been made of the RNA polymerase activity, both in the unfractionated nuclei from these regions and in the nuclei separated by zonal centrifugation. In general there is a considerable decline in activity during this period, which occurs in all class of nuclei although not to the same extent. The most dense nuclei from the cerebellum retain relatively high activity at 20 days after birth, possibly due to the contribution of the microneuronal nuclei.


Abstract : A search for 118Ag was carried out as part of a study on the distribution of nuclear charge in symmetric fission. A method was developed for the separation of silver from its palladium precursor and cadmium descendant, based upon the rapid reduction and retention of silver by finely divided copper. Silver was separated at various times after thermal-neutron fission of 235U. The copper powder with affixed silver was dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and radiochemically purified for the analysis of 118Cd derived from its silver precursor. The linear relationship between the logarithm of 118Cd activity and separation time led to the identification of 118Ag. The half-life of this radionuclide was determined to be 5.3 +0.9 or -0.7 sec.


The amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from a single cavitation bubble was quantified by terephthalate dosimetry at various frequencies and pressure amplitudes, while the dynamics of the single bubble was observed by stroboscopic and light-scattering methods. Also, sonoluminescence (SL), sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol, and sodium atom emission (Na*) in the cavitation field were observed. The amount of hydroxyl radicals per cycle as well as the intensity of SL was proportional to pressure amplitude at every frequency performed, and it decreased with increasing frequency. When the single bubble was dancing with a decrease in pressure amplitude, however, the amount of hydroxyl radicals was greater than that for the stable bubble at the higher pressure amplitude and did not significantly decrease with frequency. Furthermore, SCL and Na* were detected only under unstable bubble conditions. These results imply that the instability of bubbles significantly enhances sonochemical efficiency for non-volatile substances in liquid phase.The amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from a single cavitation bubble was quantified by terephthalate dosimetry at various frequencies and pressure amplitudes, while the dynamics of the single bubble was observed by stroboscopic and light-scattering methods. Also, sonoluminescence (SL), sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol, and sodium atom emission (Na*) in the cavitation field were observed. The amount of hydroxyl radicals per cycle as well as the intensity of SL was proportional to pressure amplitude at every frequency performed, and it decreased with increasing frequency. When the single bubble was dancing with a decrease in pressure amplitude, however, the amount of hydroxyl radicals was greater than that for the stable bubble at the higher pressure amplitude and did not significantly decrease with frequency. Furthermore, SCL and Na* were detected only under unstable bubble conditions. These results imply that the instability of bubbles significantly enhances sonochemical efficiency for non-volat...


Examples of the use of interrelation factor between conditions or processes of cooperating objects in the electric power industry, for the estimation of effects from the given interaction are analyzed by the authors in this paper.


Objective: This study compared the attitudes of cognitive, emotional and behavioral of sports and non-sports teachers to exrcise and physical activities. Thus, the questionnaire distributed randomly among sports and non-sports teachers of Bojnord city. The results showed that 38% of non-sports teachers and 82% of sports teachers participate in physical activities respectively. The Motivation for non-sports teachers to participate in physical activities were: "as health and fitness" , as "disease prevention" and for sports teachers were "as health and fitness"," "as confidence and relaxation ". Most teachers in both groups who not participating in Exercise and Physical activities, pretext daily lag works, lack of sports facilities, laziness and impatience respectively. In small-scale "social attitudes to exercise" the view of sports teachers had a higher rank compared to non-sports teachers and this difference was not significant (p=0/825)(825/0=p). In the subscales "activities the sedative agent" sports teachers had a higher rating approach compared to non-sports teachers and the this difference was not significant (p= 0/339).The approach "activities, tough experience" had a higher rating among sports teachers compared to non-sports teachers and that showed this difference was significant (P=0/21). As a result, attitude of the teachers to exercise activity and plays an important role in educational and health and cultural decisions and in it can help the national authorities in providing facilities for the development of sports activities and a realistic planning.


Abstract Descent & landing (D&L) on planetary bodies are scientifically rewarding exploration missions but also challenging due to the complex and poorly-known environment around those bodies. As an outcome of a cooperation between the University of Bristol and Airbus DS on D&L trajectory/cost optimisation, this paper proposes an industry-oriented methodology for guidance tuning. It employs systematic highfidelity simulation to generate trade-off maps on ground that can be applied once the spacecraft approaches the target, with its actual conditions in mind. This also provides a valuable understanding of the system dynamics towards the application of other industry-oriented tools including structuredH∞ optimisation. In the end, it is shown that this approach enables propellant consumption reductions of around 40% compared to state-of-practice tuning selections.


This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects by using space wake media in fifth grade students at SDN. No. 025/XI Gedang Village. This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four activities, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study involved 20 fifth grade students year 2017/2018 at SDN. No. 025/XI Gedang Village, Sungai Penuh District, Sungai Penuh City, Jambi Province. This research was conducted for three months from September to November of 2017. Data collected in this study is students learning outcomes. Data were collected by observation and test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis and simple statistical test. The results showed that student activity in learning improved. The increasing of student activity can be seen from from the increasing spirit of students in following the series of learning activities. Students are more active during lesson activities, students are able to ask questions, and students are able to answer the test questions well. Increasing of student learning activities are also in tandem with improving student learning outcomes. The average score of student learning outcomes increased from 61.50 before the action was given to 76.0 in cycle I and increased again to 80.25 in cycle II. Likewise with learning mastery. Learning completeness increased from 25.00% before the action was given to 80.00% in cycle I and increased again to 100.00% in cycle II. Thus, the use of build space media in the mathematics subjects can improve activity and learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDN. No. 025/XI Gedang Village year 2017/2018.


BACKGROUND
Carotid percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may be a useful non-surgical procedure for carotid stenosis, particularly for lesions not suitable for surgery.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effect of carotid percutaneous transluminal angioplasty compared with carotid endarterectomy (in patients suitable for surgery) or medical therapy (in patients not suitable for surgery).

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Groups trials register (to August 1997). We contacted researchers in the field and balloon catheter manufacturers.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised trials of carotid percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (with or without stenting) compared with carotid endarterectomy, or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty plus best medical therapy compared with best medical therapy alone, in people with carotid artery stenosis (symptomatic or asymptomatic).

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria.

MAIN RESULTS
No completed trials were found. Two trials are underway.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence as yet to assess the relative effects of carotid percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in people with carotid stenosis.


Production of natural rubber has substantially increased in all major natural rubber producing countries. Increased farming of natural rubber and  increased manufacturing of synthetic rubber  have created excess supply of rubber which gave the manaufacturers of rubber products an opportunity to exploit the buyers' market. This has tempted manufacturers of rubber products to make use of  price fixing which  gave rise to glut in the  rubber market. Consequently,price of natural rubber has fallen below the average variable cost which has resulted in unprofitable subsistence farming for many thousands of small farmers in many countries. This has forced many farmers to exit from the rubber farming. The present paper is concerned with the  study of  the nature of growth and variance of natural rubber production in major natural rubber producing countries during the period 1961 to 2013 and its implications for farmers.


This paper aims to study the influence of social media on knowledge sharing among academia. Previously, many researches have been done to explore the importance emergence of social media for public use, but there are still limited studies on how this technological advancement affects the academia. For this study, Facebook is chosen as one of the online social networking tools as the medium of knowledge sharing. To begin with, this study is started with the identification of factors that encourage the academia to share their knowledge through social media. These factors are then categorized based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). After this knowledge has successfully shared, the level of successful knowledge sharing through Facebook is modeled using Fuzzy Logic. Fuzzy inputs for this study are the number of like, comment and share. Findings from this study indeed showed that there are many reasons encouraging academia to utilize social media for their work. Besides, this paper contributes new knowledge ...


Abstract The strain rate sensitivity of the stress at the apparent proportional limit, [sgrave]A, and the variation of dislocation density with strain have been investigated for polycrystalline tungsten deformed at 200°c. The results are consistent with Hahn's (1962) theory of yielding and the dislocation velocities at [sgrave]A evaluate to ∼ 10−4 and ∼ 10−2 cm sec−1 at strain rates of 1 and 50% min−1, respectively.


Classical error components models can be gene ralized by assuming that individual and temporal variances may vary between subsets of individuals and periods respectively. In this case, the variance covariance matrix of the disturbances can still be studied thoroughly, though not as completely as in the classical case. Its spectral decomposition, however, suggests an estimation procedure which is asymptotically efficient and computationnally tractable. Moreover, when specific non random individual and temporal effects are added, gene ralized least squares estimation amounts to per forming ordinary least squares on suitably trans formed data. * Unit? de Recherche, INSEE.


The effective action for the Josephson junction arrays should contain the topological term, which violates the particle-hole symmetry. This term is responsible for the nonzero Magnus force acting on the vortex. The Magnus force is however small because the parameter of the particle-hole asymmetry in superconductors is small.


This paper proposes a robust gate model based on a finite-point modeling scheme. With current source model (CSM) framework, a robust, finite-point gate model is constructed. The new model depends on the selective points of I-V curves of gates. Thus, it implicitly incorporates the variation related parameters into finite points. In addition, to provide good accuracy on output waveform, the new model creates the input and output capacitance elements as nonlinear dependency on input/output waveform and process variation parameters. Experimental results show that the generated gate model has less than 3.7% error at mean, less than 6.2% error at variance and less than 5.8% at 90% percentile for cumulative density functions (CDFs).


ABSTRACT Molecular tools were largely used to characterise native almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cultivars, to elucidate their diversification and to establish their membership to Mediterranean germplasm pools. Hereby, the efficiency of the application of PCR techniques to study the genetic diversity of S alleles in almond was tested to identify self-incompatible cultivar combinations and groups. Hence, an analysis with consensus AS1II and AmyC5R and with allele-specific primers was performed for 25 almond accessions including 17 local Tunisian cultivars, 7 advanced selections, and 1 extra group from Italy in order to identify their S-genotype. Interestingly, all genotypes were assigned to their specific self-incompatible groups and a new group (LI) has been established. The two cultivars 'Dillou' and 'Porto' both considered as self-compatible have been demonstrated to be self-incompatible. Results reveal also a discrepancy for the S-genotype assigned to 'Zahaaf' preserved in the International almond collection. Thus, S genes genotyping of commercially used or newly released cultivars is very useful as we demonstrated that it may show that common knowledge may be partly inaccurate. For important varieties, this immediately has a consequence for cultivation practices, also for smallholder orchards as changing an incorrect practice may in time increase yield and also guarantee yield stability.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and CT features of mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC). Methods Retrospectively, the clinicopathological data of 507 patients with gastric carcinoma, who underwent preoperative multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) examination and gastrectomy were analyzed. Among these patients, 20 were found to be MGC and the other 487 were nonmucinous gastric carcinoma. The CT features (enhancement pattern, gross appearance type, maximal diameter and thickness of tumor on axial CT image) of the 20 cases of MGC and 38 patients with nonmucinous gastric carcinoma (NGC) were compared and analyzed. Results Only 5 out of the 20 cases of MGC (25.0%) was preoperatively diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. All the 20 MGC cases belonged to advanced stages. In contrast, 16.8% (82/487) of the NGC were early gastric carcinoma cases, even though there did not exist any significant difference between the two groups (P=0.056). The MGC patients were found to have larger tumor size [(6.9±4.0)cm vs. (4.4±2.3)cm, P=0.011], higher frequency of lymph node metastasis (85.0% vs. 60.6%, P=0.028), and more cases belonging to TNM stages Ⅱ through Ⅳ (95.0% vs. 72.3%, P=0.025) than the NGC patients. Moreover, no significant difference existed between MGC and NGC patients in age, gender, tumor location, distant metastasis, as well as the rate of curative resection. There was significant difference between the MGC and NGC cases in the maximal diameter (P=0.008), thickness (P=0.001), gross appearance type (P=0.037), and enhancement pattern (P=0.000) of the tumors on axial CT image. Conclusions Mucinous gastric carcinomas are rare and detected usually in advanced stages. The diagnostic sensitivity of mucinous gastric carcinoma by endoscopic biopsy specimens is relatively low, while MSCT is helpful in distinguishing mucinous from nonmucinous gastric carcinoma.


We analyze the prandom pseudo random number generator (PRNG) in use in the Linux kernel (which is the kernel of the Linux operating system, as well as of Android) and demonstrate that this PRNG is weak. The prandom PRNG is in use by many "consumers" in the Linux kernel. We focused on three consumers at the network level – the UDP source port generation algorithm, the IPv6 flow label generation algorithm and the IPv4 ID generation algorithm. The flawed prandom PRNG is shared by all these consumers, which enables us to mount "cross layer attacks" against the Linux kernel. In these attacks, we infer the internal state of the prandom PRNG from one OSI layer, and use it to either predict the values of the PRNG employed by the other OSI layer, or to correlate it to an internal state of the PRNG inferred from the other protocol.Using this approach we can mount a very efficient DNS cache poisoning attack against Linux. We collect TCP/IPv6 flow label values, or UDP source ports, or TCP/IPv4 IP ID values, reconstruct the internal PRNG state, then predict an outbound DNS query UDP source port, which speeds up the attack by a factor of x3000 to x6000. This attack works remotely, but can also be mounted locally, across Linux users and across containers, and (depending on the stub resolver) can poison the cache with an arbitrary DNS record. Additionally, we can identify and track Linux and Android devices – we collect TCP/IPv6 flow label values and/or UDP source port values and/or TCP/IPv4 ID fields, reconstruct the PRNG internal state and correlate this new state to previously extracted PRNG states to identify the same device.


Circular dichroic spectra have been determined for ovine and porcine lutropin, human choriogonadotropin, and their subunits (α and β). All nine homologous and heterologous αβ recombinants were prepared from the purified subunits and characterized by circular dichroic spectroscopy over the wavelength interval of 200–320 nm. Above 250 nm, the spectra of all recombinants were similar and more closely resembled the spectra of the β subunits than of the α subunits. Circular dichroic difference spectra above 250 nm, derived by subtracting the sum of the subunit spectra from the appropriate recombinant spectrum, were characterized by a negative extremum near 280 nm. For a common α subunit, the magnitude of this difference extremum was in the order choriogonadotropin β > ovine lutropin β > porcine lutropin β. Interestingly, this was the same order that we found for biological activity based upon an in vitro assay [Strickland, T.W. & Puett, D. (1981) Endocrinology109, 1933–1942]. The lutropin α-containing recombinants exhibit a positive band at 235 nm which arises from the 233 nm band characteristic of the lutropin α subunit. Between 210–230 nm, the circular dichroic spectra of the recombinants are quite similar. Even at lower wavelengths only the human choriogonadotropin α subunit-containing recombinants exhibit differences. Aside from the overall general similarity in the circular dichroic spectra of these recombinants, the most striking observation is that the spectrum of a given recombinant is quite distinct from the additive spectra of the constituent α and β subunits. This finding, in conjunction with spectral data and chemical evidence from other laboratories, supports the concept that the subunit conformations in an αβ complex differ from those of the free subunits.


We appreciate the comments from Drs. Scherzer, Riise, and Locascio on our article1 on the effects of β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) antagonists and agonists and risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Since the initial publication,2 this hypothesis has been scrutinized by multiple groups, yielding conflicting results.2–5


The RPE LTP(Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Prediction) coder scheme recommended by ETSI(European Technology Specification Institute) is a complicated algorithm,which is already applied to GSM full rate traffic channel with encoding at 13kbit/s.In this article,the author advanced one implementation of the RPE LTP voice encoder on a hardware platform-composed of a TMS320VC549 and a AD6421B,and the crucial technology applied in it.


In the last years a new approach for designing and training artificial Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) have been investigated under the name of Reservoir Computing (RC). One important model in the field of RC has been developed under the name of Echo State Networks (ESNs). Traditionally, an ESN uses a RNN with random untrained parameters called the reservoir. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and the Scale Invariant Map (SIM) are two methods of topographic maps which have been used in different tasks of unsupervised learning. Recently, new works show that is effective using the SOM to set values of the reservoir parameters. The primary goal of this work is to improve the performance of ESN using the another method SIM. Here, we present the description of these two topographic map methods and the way to apply its on the ESN initialization. We specify an original algorithm to set the reservoir weights using the SOM and SIM. Furthermore, we use artificial data set to compare the use of topographic maps to initialize the ESN with random initialization. Overall, our results show the aptitude of SIM and SOM to set the reservoir parameters.


Pitfall trapping is commonly used to sample epigaeic invertebrates throughout the world. However, this technique can be ineffective for capturing some species, whilst capturing high numbers of nontarget invertebrates. This study aims to improve the effi cacy of pitfall trapping for sampling Mecodema spp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae), but also examines the potential of live pitfall traps to reduce the by-catch of other invertebrates. Four types of pitfall traps were used in two separate sampling regimes: baited kill trap versus nonbaited kill trap, and chambered live trap versus non-chambered live trap, in regenerating kauri/broadleaf mixed forest (Waitakere Ranges, Auckland, New Zealand). Results show all four types of traps sampled different components of the invertebrate community. Baited kill traps caught extremely high numbers of some groups, particularly Diptera and Coleoptera, whereas non-baited kill traps caught far fewer individuals of these groups. Both types of live capture traps caught few individuals. Three genera of large-bodied Carabidae (Ctenognathus, Holcaspis and Mecodema) were caught in similarly low numbers in both baited and non-baited traps indicating that baiting with squid is ineffective as an attractant to increase catch rates of the genus Mecodema. Although baiting did not increase carabid catches it appears that live traps worked as well as kill traps, but live traps caught fewer invertebrates and therefore signifi cantly reduce the bycatch. A negative aspect of live pitfall trapping is the potential of captured invertebrates to prey upon each other. However, no predation was observed within the traps during this study.


This research assessed the feasibility of using a neural network to detect low levels of damage in small samples of medium density fiberboard (MDF). The neural network was a three-layer back-propagation network. The undamaged stress wave frequency spectrum patterns were trained by the neural network. The trained patterns were then compared to stress waves patterns taken from MDF samples loaded to various percentages of their estimated failure load. In this experiment, if an application load is below the proportional limit, a small change in wave patterns occurs. The neural network has the unique ability to train data to recognize spectral patterns and has been used with success for the detection of structural damage.


A complete, computerized artwork processing system for Integrated circuits and printed circuit boards includes digitizers, plotters, a design rule checker, and a pastern generator command program. Its success depends on simplicity, consistency and technology independence.


We consider the dynamic scheduling of a pickup and delivery system in which mobile robots are used to transport materials among a set of places. With the help of Internet of Thing, the system has real-time information for demands of transportation and status of robots. How to dynamically scheduling the robots to fulfill the transportation tasks is a key challenge. We propose a method for it in which an innovative and adaptive mixed integer programming model (MIP) is developed. This MIP model can be called in a periodic or event-driven or hybrid way. Numerical results show it can solve real problems fast and significantly reduce transportation cost, comparing with a heuristic policy.


Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of melatonin hormone on osseointegration of immediately loaded dental implants. Bone quality and quantity around an immediately loaded dental implant through evaluating the changes in the peri-implant bone density and height using digital radiograph were performed. Patients and methods All patients received two dental implants, 13 mm length and 3.7 mm width, attached to a ball-attachment abutment to retain a mandibular over denture. Implants were placed at the area of the mandibular canines and were immediately loaded. The right implants only for all patients were subjected to melatonin application throughout the study period of the whole 6 months. The left implants were left as a control side. Results The melatonin side showed a statistically significantly higher mean bone density than the control side. The melatonin side showed a statistically significantly higher mean percentage increase in implant stability quotient value than the control side through all periods. Conclusion The present investigation demonstrated that a 6-month melatonin application significantly positively influenced implant stability and bone density around dental implants in all subjects. The exact mechanism of the melatonin on bone metabolism needs further histopathological and bone morphmetric studies in animals.


This documents presents the preliminary scientific and technical proposal by the Separator for Capture Reactions (SECAR) Collaboration for the SECAR project at the ReA3 reaccelerated beam facility at Michigan State University. SECAR will form an experimental endstation at ReA3 optimized for the direct detection of the recoils produced by protonand alpha-capture reactions on proton-rich unstable nuclei. The reactions measured at SECAR will be those critical for the energy generation and element synthesis in stellar explosions. This Report presents an overview of the SECAR project, the scientific motivation, and the Pre-Conceptual Design of the system. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams FRIB-M41600-RP-000055-R002 SEparator for CApture Reactions (SECAR) Pre-Conceptual Design Report Issued 1 October 2014


In 2000, occupational pension systems comprised 430,000 individuals as eligible for a future old-age pension. With one out of six dependently employed persons entitled to a future company pension, this figure is markedly below EU average. Company pensions are most prevalent among major corporations, where generally all employees are included in the scheme, whereas among small and medium-sized enterprises they are a decidedly rarer phenomenon. Employee pension schemes are similarly unequally distributed across economic sectors. The highest prevalence is among energy and water utilities and the financial sector, whereas the tourism and educational services have few companies that offer this fringe benefit.


We introduce the paradigm of chaotic mathematical circuitry which shows some similarity to the paradigm of electronic circuitry, especially in the frame of chaotic attractors for solving practical problems(generating hyperchaos; developing chaos based pseudo random number generator(CPRNG) and chaotic multistream PRNG; secure communication via synchronization). They can also be used in cryptography, generic algorithms in optimization, control, etc.


Most researchers have not recognized that the main problem of an economic system is the excessive time it requires to reach equilibrium (and consequent inadequate control). An extension of control theory is applied to the Competitive Equilibrium Model. The calculation shows, in contrast to previous results, full employment, if attained, may be maintained for nonzero periods. However, ill condition and other factors cause a very slow approach to optimum. Consequently, constant social and other changes keep a complex economy far from optimum.


BACKGROUND
Punica granatum (family: Lythraceae) is mainly found in Iran, which is considered to be its primary centre of origin. Studies on pomegranate peel have revealed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- angiogenesis activities, with prevention of premature aging and reducing inflammation. In addition to this it is also useful in treating various diseases like diabetes, maintaining blood pressure and treatment of neoplasms such as prostate and breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES
In this study we identified anti-cancer targets of active compounds like corilagin (tannins), quercetin (flavonoids) and pseudopelletierine (alkaloids) present in pomegranate peel by employing dual reverse screening and binding analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The potent targets of the pomegranate peel were annotated by the PharmMapper and ReverseScreen 3D, then compared with targets identified from different Bioassay databases (NPACT and HIT's). Docking was then further employed using AutoDock pyrx and validated through discovery studio for studying molecular interactions.

RESULTS
A number of potent anti-cancerous targets were attained from the PharmMapper server according to their fit score and from ReverseScreen 3D server according to decreasing 3D scores.

CONCLUSION
The identified targets now need to be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies.


Metal wastewater and saline wastewater are two major problems in the field of wastewater treatment. At present, common treatment methods include ion exchange, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The ion exchange method often uses chemical reagents to achieve regeneration, which is likely to cause secondary pollution after treatment. Electrodeionization technology can continuously operate to treat wastewater, and does not require the use of acid-base reagents to achieve resin regeneration, but the structure is complex and requires higher pretreatment. Bipolar membrane electro-regenerative ion exchange is a new technology that has been practically applied in water supply treatment by a certain enterprise. A considerable degree of ion exchange capacity, after reaching the exchange capacity, the bipolar membrane is used for water dissociation to achieve electrical regeneration of the membrane. On the basis of investigating the desalination and regeneration of groundwater (well water) by this technology, this paper studies its removal effect on simulated food processing salty wastewater, Cu2+ and Fe2+ containing simulated electroplating rinsing wastewater. Influence of operating conditions such as influent flow on the treatment effect.


Medical device related infection is often caused by the formation of a bio-film adhering to the surface. Administration of antimicrobial agents by systemic or oral routes generally fails to reach the microbial bio-film. A successful antimicrobial treatment in such cases is markedly imported by maintaining sufficiently high concentrations of the antimicrobial agent for a site specific activity. A physico-chemical modification of biomedical devices surfaces with silver and/or its compounds is carried out due to antimicrobial action of silver ions.


In recent years, several India and international studies have cautioned India against generation, treatment, and accumulation of e waste in India. It is estimated that by 2010, India will be discarding 10 million PCs per year- about five times the current level. In addition, the coun-try also receives a large quantity of waste from several developed countries. Due to inadequate law, or its poor implementation, these wastes are currently handled unorgan-ized sector using un-skilled labour, leading to number of environmental issue.


Interactive fiction, by its very definition, grants its readers the ability to influence the direction of a text, much like the familiar Choose Your Own Adventure children's books. However, the assumption that interactivity allows for increased reader agency has generated debate, as interactive texts can naturally only provide readers with as much agency as authors are willing to anticipate for and allow. The interactive novel series Fallen Hero is of particular relevance to this debate, as its protagonist's struggle to maintain their agency causes the series' thematic content to mirror its form. Fallen Hero minimizes the reader's agency even more than is strictly necessary within the formal constraints of the medium in order to enrich its narrative themes surrounding agency and build empathy for its protagonist, therefore embracing the limitations of agency that are inherently present within the interactive form as a strength rather than a failing.


In this note we correct a gap in the proof of the complexity estimates appearing in our papers [1],[2]. The complexity estimates are correct, but the proof was incomplete at a certain point. The same gap appears in our paper [3], but there the estimate for the space complexity has to be multiplied with a power of log(g), where g is the genus of the curve. First we fill in the gap in [2]. In this paper we gave an algorithm to compute the zeta function of an hyperelliptic curve of genus g over a field with q = 2 elements. We proved that the worst-case time complexity is O(g n ), and that the worst-case space complexity is O(gn). For the average-case time and space complexity we obtained O(g n ) and O(gn), respectively. These estimates are correct, but there is a gap in the proof, which we will now correct. The gap in [1] can be treated in the same way. The gap has to do with the precision estimates. The matrix M of the small Frobenius (induced by squaring) on the given basis of the Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology H does not have integral entries. We proved in [2] that the denominators have valuation O(log(g)). Hence the denominators in the norm MF of M have valuation at most O(n log(g)). This can cause a loss of precision of O(n log(g)) q-adic digits, as we noted in section 4.2 of [2]. What we overlooked is that in the calculation of the characteristic polynomial of MF , using the Hessenberg algorithm, there can be an accumulation of loss of precision, so that we lose g times more digits. Thus we lose at most O(ng log(g)) digits, instead of at most O(n log(g)) digits. In our paper we worked with a precision of O(ng) digits. One way to remedy this is to simply carry more precision in our calculations, from the start on. It is easy to see that this does not change the time complexity, but it would increase the space complexity by multiplying it with a power of log(g). However it is not necessary to increase our estimate for the space complexity. To prove this, we will use the following claim. Let C be a smooth proper curve over the ring Zq of q-adic integers, and let D be an effective divisor on C whose support has normal crossings over Zq, such that C \ D is affine. Assume that deg(D) ≥ 2g. Let L be the Zq-module of differentials ω on C \ D over Zq with div(ω) + D ≥ 0, which satisfy the following condition: For each point P of D, each term with valuation < −1 in a local expansion of ω at P, is integrable over Zq (meaning that it is the differential of a power of the uniformizer multiplied by an element of Zq). Then the image of L in the Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology H 1 of C \D is invariant under the action of the small Frobenius, and generates H as a vector space over Qq. Moreover this image of L equals the image in H 1 of the hypercohomology of the logarithmic de Rham complex on C over Zq, with respect to D. The claim is a slight generalization of Proposition 5.3.1 of [4], and can be proved in the same way.


The internationalization process of the retailing sector is still in its turbulent starting phase. The present process of retail internationalization has created new trends in the agri-food sector such as global sourcing and retail branding. The example of Metro Group Russia underlines this point. The introduction and implementation of supply chain management concepts affect Russian agri-food business. Therefore, the aim of our article is to analyze this development. We outline the internationalization process of the retail business,and then we elaborate on the structural changes. Second, we apply this knowledge to the Russian agri-food business. We also discuss the future prospects and outlook on further development of the Russian food sector in the context of retail internationalization.


This demo concerns K-MADe, a tool for contributing to the incorporation of ergonomics into the interactive systems design process, through task and activity analysis. The originality of the tool is to be based on a model whose expressive power lies on a formal semantic. This facilitates task description and analysis, but also querying the model and migrating within models and software lifecycle steps.


This document presents natural phenomena hazard (NPH) loads for use in the design and construction of the Canister Storage Building (CSB), which will be located in the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site.


Although Latin American decolonial thinking has always maintained an interest in taking the theories and practices of the communities of Latin America's colonized peoples seriously, the theorization of communality and communal systems has been a new focus of the last two decades. That is, the academic decolonial dedication to diversity and difference has recently been imagined as a pluriverse of communal systems. As such, this decolonial group of thinkers has been effectively demanding that the radical theories of communality produced by Indigenous communities of the Global South be taken seriously as real and viable alternatives to capitalism and representative democracy. Nevertheless, a critical engagement with Latin American decoloniality reveals a serious oversight in communal-oriented decoloniality: it fails to engage in a serious manner the millions throughout the world who are not or are perceived as not part of any community or are exiled from their community. To demonstrate this threat within the communal-oriented vision, one can look to another (de)colonial context ubiquitously overlooked in Latin American decolonial thought: Ireland. More precisely, as a reading of James Joyce's Ulysses reveals, the communal-oriented Irish anti-colonialism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries contained a common mode of modern anti-Semitism: Jews belong to no community and uproot and hollow out the life of any community they encounter. This article argues that although the pluriversal vision of communal-oriented decoloniality is explicitly opposed to the denigration, dismissal, or rejection of any community, it can still be characterized by this other mode of othering: the denigration, villainization, and oppression of persons who are perceived as embodiments of anti-communality.


Computational study of X-H· · · C and C-H· · · X hydrogen bonds in n-alkane-HX complexes (X=F,OH, alkane=propane, butane, pentane) has been carried out in this work. Ab initio and density functional theories were used for this study. For n-alkane-H2O complexes both O· · · H-C and O–H· · · C hydrogen bonded complex have been found, while for n-alkane-HF complexes, our attempt to optimize F· · · H-C H-bond was not successful. Like most of the hydrogen bonded systems, strong correlation between binding energy and stretching frequency of H-F and O-H stretching mode was observed. The values of electron density and Laplacian of electron density are within the accepted range for hydrogen bonds. In all these cases, X-H· · · C hydrogen bonds are found to be stronger than C-H· · · X hydrogen bonds.


. We investigate the possible scenarios in which a holonomic versus a non-holonomic frame description of gravity theories fail to be equivalent. It turns out that classically, the equivalence holds in a way that is independent of the particular dynamics and/or spacetime dimension. It also includes more general setups such as Einstein-Cartan or even metric-affine gravities. This result leads to a global bundle-theoretical investigation, uncovering the geometrical equivalence principle as the culprit. The equivalence holds as long as the equivalence principle holds. This is not necessarily something expected when non-invertible configurations of the veilbein field are taken into account. In such a scenario, the gauge-theoretical description of gravity unsolders from spacetime and one has to decide if gravity is spacetime geometry or a gauge theory.


In this work, I implemented shift-reduce parsing algorithms to create dependency trees for English sentences. The two main approaches were: a greedy model that used local features in a multiclass logistic regression, and a global model that used the beam-search algorithm to parse trees, with a structured perceptron making decisions. The global beam model showed promise for achieving the best results, and given enough time and space resources this could have been tested. Nevertheless, the best achieving algorithm was still the greedy model. The best performing greedy model achieved a unlabeled attachment score of 79.42. I also investigated the performance of each model on various languages other than English.


Abstract Positioning performance validates a smartphone's antenna and chipset performance. This paper attempts to characterize the positioning performance of smartphones with dual-frequency GNSS chipsets compared to their counterparts using single-frequency chipsets. Furthermore, investigate the positioning performance of dual-frequency measurements using the NavIC L5 signal. A comparison of satellite geometry and position solution accuracy in relation to a known reference station is performed. The single-frequency positioning accuracy with 2DRMS (horizontal root mean square error) is about 5.11 m. Although, 2DRMS with dual-frequency measurements is 2.0 m. However, with the integration of NavIC with dual frequency measurements, the best position accuracy with 2DRMS is about 1.93 m over the observed location. It has been observed that single-frequency measurements can offer a MRSE (mean radial spherical error) precision of 2.75 m, whereas their dual-frequency counterparts can yield a precision of about 1.11 m, and with NavIC integration, it is around 1.05 m. During the observations, it should be noted that the NavIC L5 signals have modestly enhanced the positioning precision of smartphones. This analysis could be useful for fundamental Android GNSS research, smartphone positioning service and training communities.


Italy has recently introduced a GAAR in its tax system. While the wording of the clause is not original, considering the experience the other countries might have about it, it is the context in which the provision shall operate that arose the interest of the firs commentators. The article considers is particular the ways in which it will be arguably applied, taking into account the similar (although tailor-made) regulations that address the phenomenon, and that that have not been repealed by it. Treaty based, EU inspired, special law enacted clauses are still there and may potentially collide with the GAAR, making the overall outcome unpredictable for the Interpreter and for the taxpayer as well.


In 1960,California adopted the Master Plan for Higher Education in California.During the past 50 years,the Master Plan assigned distinct missions to California's two public university systems and its community college system,and spurred higher education institutions to compete within their own system and promoted the development of higher education both in quantity and quality.Despite its great success and world fame,there exist some disputes and problems.With new challenges in the future,the Master Plan will still play it role while undergo comprehensive or interim reviews.


The higher contact stiffness of the double-locking toolholder-spindle (BTF40-type) joint is helpful in improving the machining accuracy and cutting stability of high-speed machining center. In this article, an optimization technique is introduced to obtain the high contact stiffness of BTF40 toolholder-spindle joint at the high speed. The torsional and radial stiffness at 25,000 r/min can be obtained by using the macro–micro hybrid method. The contact ratio of taper surface and maximum nodal pressure of contact surfaces is used as constraint conditions to ensure the connection reliability and the working life of the toolholder-spindle system. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with suitable parameters for this problem is used to search the optimal stiffness of joint automatically. The optimal stiffness of joint and pressure distribution of taper surface are compared with the initial values for validating the effectiveness of the optimization results. This research is valuable for guiding the application of BTF-type toolholder-spindle system at the high speed 25,000 r/min.


At present, China has become the second most famous beer brewing country, next to America. The large beer brewing industry produces lots of beer yeast. After being hydrolysated, combined with the traditional technology, the beer yeast can be reused to make super nutritional soy sauce. In this process, the papaya protease is needed to hydrolysate the beer yeast. Then by using the solid-state and low-salt fermentation technology, the super soy sauce is produced, whose hygiene index and quality index are up to the national standards. It is rich in nutrition and has a delicious taste, therefore, it has wonderful economy profit.


Abstract African Americans bear a disproportionate burden of mortality from colorectal cancer. Because the majority of excess deaths are linked to delayed detection (after the cancer has spread), interventions to promote acceptance of and compliance with screening are urgently needed. Tins article considers strategies to overcome barriers to screening for colorectal cancer among African Americans. The authors draw attention to the barriers that may be more influential among African Americans than in other groups: for example, fear of cancer, fatalism, reliance on self-care, limhed opportunities to creen, and inadequate provider-patient communication. Previous efforts to promote screening for breast cancer and other health behaviors suggest that community-based approaches designed to effect mutually reinforcing changes at the individual, community and health care system levels my be bist suited to raise awareness of colorectal cancer/promote acceptance of screening, and facilitate compliance in African American communities.


. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding large hidden clique in random graph and it's analog for bipartite graphs.


A new fault modelling scheme for integrated analogue CMOS circuits referred to as Local Layout Realistic Fault Mapping is introduced. It is aimed at realistic fault assumptions prior to the final layout by investigating typical "local" layout structures of analogue designs. Specific defects are assumed and their electrical failure modes are evaluated and mapped onto appropriate model faults. It is shown that some assumed hard faults at the schematic level are unrealistic and unlikely and that new types of fault constellations emerge including multiple or complex faults. Beside the different distribution of faults the overall number of faults decreases whereof additional realistic soft faults emerge. For an operational CMOS amplifier the overall number of 47 single hard faults assumed at schematic level dropped to 27 realistic and likely hard faults.


Spreadsheets were developed as a tool to store, analyse and manipulate numerical data. They are now commonly used for working with sets of data containing both text and numbers, and for generating graphs and charts. They're also brilliant. Let's play with Conditional formatting and charts


This paper studies whether or not investment decisions are financially constrained in a cross‐ownership system of Taiwan. Different from the financial structure in the USA, subsidiaries in Taiwan are allowed to buy stocks of the parent companies. Hence, the conventional debt‐to‐equity ratio is inappropriate to divide firms into high and low‐debt firms. Instead, a new threshold variable – the adjusted debt–equity ratio (ADE) – is employed to divide the sample into high‐debt firms and low‐debt firms. A panel of 115 Taiwan‐listed firms for the period 1991–1997 is used. Evidence supports the cash flow hypothesis and ADE has a notable significant influence on the financial constraints.


Just before he died earlier this year, Tom McCall fought to preserve the most unique and successful land use program in the country from the fourth attempt to kill or maim it at the polls. McCall knew his activity would hasten his death, but commented that if the program failed, he wouldn't have wanted to live in Oregon anyway. Oregon is a most remarkable state and McCall was a most remarkable governor. In a sense, their destinies were inter twined?the cleanup of the Willamette River, the bottle bill, and the use of mandatory planning and regulation (in lieu of ad hoc solutions such as special regulations and environmental impact statements) all demonstrate the merging of a conservationist ethic and a positive attitude toward the future shared by the state and its most popular governor. There is a good deal written descriptively about the Oregon land use legislation, but not much about how that legislation has been implemented. Managing Oregon s Growth largely succeeds in filling that gap and in giving the reader an adequate evaluation of that state's land use program. This evaluation is significant, in that it comes at the tenth anniversary of the signing by Governor McCall of SB 100, which created the program. No statewide land use planning program is devoid of con troversy or criticism. Neither has been lacking during the past ten years in Oregon. Leonard is quite correct in this observation made of the program:


Abstract Due to the high success of arthroplasty, patients suffering from osteoarthritis have higher expectations regarding the relief of pain, functional recovery and capacity to perform physical and sports activity. The purpose of our article is to present a literature review based on papers published during the last decades, with emphasis on the current recommendations regarding sports after total joint replacement. We conducted a search using PubMed/Medline databases, selecting the scientific articles published between 2005-2020 which discuss the association between physical activity and total hip or knee arthroplasty. The benefits of physical activity in all kinds of joint prostheses outweigh the negative effects; therefore, the recommendation for low-impact sports (hiking, swimming, cycling or golf) at a moderate intensity is considered valid and patients with total hip or knee arthroplasty who preoperatively had a high level of physical activity can return to low-impact sports performed at moderate intensity after 3-6 months.


The fulfillment of the scientific concept of development in colleges and universities entails unbinding mind,human-based education concept,pushing forward the scientific,harmonious development with high priority.Besides,content augmentation and quality also enjoy high priority.We should create harmonious academic environment which includes various academic branches,abides mistakes and failures,accepts and encourage juniors,and respects individuality of intellectual.


Abstract Experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 to evaluate control of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) DC.] in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) with chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) applied at 2.2 kg ai/ha at ground cracking; and chloramben (with crop oil concentrate included at 2 L/ha) applied at either 0.6, 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai/ha, at either 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days after planting (DAP). Maximum control (as indicated by weed weight at harvest) was achieved with the ground-cracking treatment, and with postemergence applications of 2.2 kg/ha, or higher applied at 30 DAP. Later applications resulted in progressively less control. Peanuts were tolerant to all rates evaluated, as indicated by yield and grade, provided the application was either before or after the flowering and pegging period (45 to 60 DAP). Growth chamber studies indicated that a spreader-sticker type adjuvant (i.e. a petroleum or vegetable based oil-surfactant blends) was essential for acceptable postemergen...


UV-induced surface copolymerization has been widely applied as a simple, useful and versatile approach to improve the surface properties of textiles. C.I. Reactive Black 5 and acrylic acid (AA) were continuously grafted onto cotton by UV irradiation. The photografting may occur by the copolymerization of AA with the vinylsulfone reactive dye which photochemically converted from the bissulfatoethylsulfone reactive group. The graft yield and color yield were influenced by UV energy, the dye and photoinitiator concentrations, a mole ratio of AA to dye, and pH. The coloration of cotton fabrics having a K/S of 7.0 can be obtained under a UV irradiation energy of 15J/cm 2 by the photografting of an aqueous alkaline formulation of 6% dye concentration containing 3% photoinitiator concentration on the weight of monomers, and a 3:1 mole ratio addition of AA to the dye. Furthermore, the photochemically dyed cotton fabrics showed comparable washing (staining) and rubbing fastness to conventional reactive dyeing method except shade change in the wash fastness and light fastness.


Conventional power factor correction circuits use a boost stage between rectifier and inverter. This paper proposes a topology that does not require either a boost stage or a large DC bus capacitor; it uses a voltage-controlled inverter in the output stage, in which the PWM modulating function is synchronized with the DC capacitor voltage ripple. A number of feedforward voltage controlled PWM pattern generator options are presented. They are used to produce the trapezoidal waveforms required to power hybrid fiber/coax cable systems. Theoretical and design considerations are validated on an experimental unit.


While the globe reels from numerous crises following the COVID-19 pandemic, a silent yet extremely persistent crisis continues to deepen in water and sanitation sectors worldwide. As one of the most pressing challenges of our generation, access to water and sanitation services has been codified as a fundamental human right, translated into a call to action by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In order to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (SDG 6), governments across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) must find innovative solutions to provide accessible, reliable, and affordable water and sanitation services. While the region has made good progress, adequate access to water and sanitation continues to plague traditionally underserved populations in remote and low-income areas.