Objective:To detect soluble B7-H4(sB7-H4)in serum of renal cell carcinoma patients and discuss its clinical significance.Method:Sandwich ELISA was applied to test sB7-H4 in serum of 40 renal cell carcinoma patients and 10 healthy controls.And in accordance with tumor stages,grades and T cell subsets results of the analysis groups are categorized compared with the groups of serum sB7-H4 differences in order to explore its clinical significance.Result:Serum sB7-H4 in renal cell carcinoma patients was 21.57±12.13μg/L whereas healthy controls' was 11.41±5.48μg/L.The difference between them showed significance(P0.01).The sB7-H4 serum levels of renal cell carcinoma I,II,III / IV patients were 13.24±9.08μg/L,26.99±10.89μg/L and 53.63±27.22μg/L respectively,and the difference between the three groups was significant(P0.01).The sB7-H4 serum levels of renal cell carcinoma of patholosical grade I,II,III class were 10.08±5.07μg/L,23.01±10.20μg/L and 52.47 ± 20.53μg/L respectively,and the difference between the three group was significant(P0.01).And renal cell carcinoma patients' sB7-H4 levels and T cell subsets were in linear negative correlation(P0.01).Conclusion:Serum sB7-H4 of renal cell carcinoma patients increases significantly and positively correlates with pathological classification and clinical stages.And renal cell carcinoma patients' sB7-H4 levels and T cell subsets were in linear negative correlation.The result implicates that sB7-H4 correlates with the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma.Detecting on sB7-H4 is helpful for renal cell carcinoma diagnosis and condition assessment.


................................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF AMAZONIAN UNDERSTORY MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS IN A HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPE .................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 7 METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 12 Study Site ............................................................................................................................... 12 Data collection ....................................................................................................................... 14 Trajectory analysis ................................................................................................................. 14 Home ranges next to secondary forests ................................................................................. 16 Home range layout in the landscape ...................................................................................... 18 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 18 Trajectory analyses ................................................................................................................ 20 Home range analyses ............................................................................................................. 23 Home range layout in the landscape ...................................................................................... 26 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 27 Trajectory analysis ................................................................................................................. 30 Home range layout................................................................................................................. 33 Concluding remarks ............................................................................................................... 33 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................. 35 CHAPTER 3: MODELING THE SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF UNDERSTORY MIXEDSPECIES FLOCKS ....................................................................................................................... 41 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................. 46 CHAPTER 4: DECAY OF INTERSPECIFIC AVIAN FLOCK NETWORKS ALONG A DISTURBANCE GRADIENT IN AMAZONIA ......................................................................... 49 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 49 MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................ 53 Study site and data collection ................................................................................................ 53 Habitat and vegetation characterization ................................................................................ 54 Network and statistical analyses ............................................................................................ 55 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 58 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 60 Species-level and flock-level changes in network structure .................................................. 64 Habitat and the consequences of changes in social structure ................................................ 66 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 67 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................. 68


The problem of the present study was threefold: 1) to devise a projective drawing analysis technique which would assess the operationally defined psychoanalytic concepts of id, ego, and superego, 2) to devise a preliminary scoring technique, and 3) to investigate the relationship between the drawings and the original clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.


mulin) at the farm, which may have given rise to resistant strains, thus favouring the pathogenic effect of Kpneumoniae, as reported by Boucher and Nouaille (1999). Although klebsiellosis is not very common among rabbits, epidemiological investigations should be performed to ascertain the presence of this pathogen, since it can lead to serious economic losses. Klebsiellosis is also a zoonosis and its potential for transmission to man must be taken into consideration.


Abstract High precision astrometry on radio pulsars can provide model-independent estimates of their distances and velocities. Such estimates serve to calibrate models of the Galactic electron density distribution, thereby improving distance estimates for the entire pulsar population. They can provide independent astrometric information for precision pulse timing, reducing the number of fit parameters and thus potentially improving the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to the gravitational wave background. Individual neutron stars also serve as laboratories for astrophysics. For example, distances to highly luminous recycled pulsars identified by the Fermi gamma ray space telescope will constrain their energetics and may serve to probe the equation of state for nuclear matter at extremes of density and pressure. Here we provide an update on ongoing astrometry programs with the Very Long Baseline Array and the scientific results from these efforts.


In this work we show that in double-slit experiment properties incompatible with Which Slit property can be detected without erasing the knowledge of which slit each particle passes through and without affecting the point of impact on the final screen. A systematic procedure to find these particular properties is provided. A thought experiment which realizes this detection is proposed.


This is a tutorial presentation that I will give at AiMES 2018 in Cancun, Mexico on Tuesday, October 2, 2018.


In spite of great variety of epoxy compounds, the synthesis of new epoxyethers with complex of useful properties is of not only theoretical, but also practical interest, so far as they are successfully used as stabilizers, plastifiers, emulsifiers, bactericides, foaming agents foam plastics, lubricants and facilities for dyeing. Earliter we have carried out investigation on the synthesis of epoxy ethers of alicyclic raw by interaction of alcohols, acids, oximes, amins and aminacids with epychlorhydrine by following transformations of the obtained chlorohydrins into epoxy ethers [1-4]. The work was devoted to the synthesis of epoxyethers on the basis of epychlorhydrine and cyclic dioximes. The cyclohexanediondioxime – 1,2 (nioxime) and cycloheptanediondioxime -1,2 (heptoxime) were taken as initial oximes. Condensation reactions of ECH with cyclic oximes were carried out with the presence of catalyst BF3 O(C2H5)2 by scheme:


opportunities for anesthesiologists specialized in pain medicine to practice in an ambulatory setting. The increasing number of residents facing a decreasing number of hospital jobs makes it even more important to ensure an economical basis for anesthesiologists working in a private practice. In an evaluation of American physicians' knowledge and beliefs about pain, anesthesiologists scored better then all their colleagues (1). Although this is an enjoyable result, anesthesiologists do need additional special training before they are able to treat patients suffering from chronic pain. Positions for anesthesiologists planning to specialize in pain medicine are necessary, job rotations with physicians from other specialities involved in the multidisciplinary pain treatment should be encouraged. Regional postgraduate courses have to be organized, offering the whole variety of knowledge and techniques. Last but not least, pain therapy provided by anesthesiologists gives a chance to improve the image of this specialty in the eye of the public.


In the last years, there was considerable interest in the selective growth of SiGe-structures with p-type doping for source/drain-extensions in CMOS [1,2]. We investigated selective epi with a dichlorosilanegermane-diborane chemistry. No additional hydrogenchloride for enhancing selectivity with respect to silicon dioxide was used. The layers were deposited in an AMAT Centura Epi system suitable of handling 200mm-wafers. Substrates were thermally oxidized and patterned with a standard wet etch. Characterization was done by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy(SIMS), Dektak stylus profiler, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) , Four-point-probing and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Selectivity with respect to siliconoxide was achieved for Si and SiGe at 10Torr as was confirmed by optical microscopy. The layer thicknesses for different window sizes were measured with a Dektak stylus profiler. For boron doped Si and SiGe homogeneity could be achieved within the accuracy of the Dektak. For constant flow conditions the growth rates show an Arrhenius type behaviour in the temperature regime from 700°C down to 550°C(see Fig. 1). The addition of germane enhances the growth rate significantly. No difference between selective and areal growth rates could be observed within accuracy of the Dektak. The root mean square surface roughness measured by AFM becomes significantly smaller with decreasing process temperature (Fig.2). This is true even for Ge-conc. up to 30%. This may be taken as a sign of smaller lattice relaxation at lower temperatures. Fig. 3 shows a TEM cross section image of selectively grown boron doped SiGe. The process temperature was 550°C. Clearly monocrystalline defect-free quality of the layer is visible. 4-pt-probing was done in test windows of 1cm^2 area size (Fig.4). Up to 18% Ge the resistivity drops with rising Ge-content. This is consistent with the results of Noh, Murota [3] for a silane-germane-diborane chemistry and may be independent of precursor choice. As an explanation lattice strain compensation by germane-boron co-doping is proposed [4]. With a Ge-conc. of 30% and resistivity of 0.6 mOhmcm this process may be useful for selectively epigrown source/drain-extension in future CMOS-devices.


Class imbalance causes an underestimation (overestimation) of the hazard of minority class in survival prediction. A common strategy to handle class imbalance is to oversample the minority class by generating synthetic samples. This paper explores the potential of tabular Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for oversampling based on real world survival datasets and simulated imbalanced datasets. We compare GAN-based oversampling methods with traditional methods on generation of minority instances and balanced survival prediction. Experimental results show that balanced survival prediction after GAN-based oversampling can outperforms baseline in some situations, and also demonstrate that traditional oversampling methods perform better than GAN-based methods on both minority samples generation and balanced survival prediction.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the implant stress under distalextension removable prostheses (DERPs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A mandibular distal-extension cast and denture were fabricated. Strain gauges were attached to the implant, which was placed either parallel to the distal abutment or perpendicular to the ridge crest (inclined). Occlusal load was applied in five directions, and strains were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P = .05).

RESULTS
When the implant was parallel, the strain was maximum at 20 degrees applied load direction. When the implant was inclined, the strain was minimum at 20 degrees mesial and maximum at 20 degrees applied distal load direction.

CONCLUSIONS
Implant bending strain is reduced when the implant is loaded on its long axis and oriented parallel with the long axis of the most distal tooth.


The lycium barbarum medicine were sterilized by 3 doses of γ Ray. The immunologic function of lycium barbarum polysaccharide were determined before and after irradiated. The result showed that immunologic function of lycium barbarum polysaccharide were not affected by irradiation of γ Ray under dosage of sterilization.


Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Also, it is observed the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy's body or LB), made of α-synuclein, but also Lewy's neurites (LN) formed by α-synuclein and ubiquitin. Despite environment play an important role in Parkinson development, there are also some genetic factors that can imply Parkinson's disease. These genetic features are assembled in two groups, α-synuclein and recessive genes (parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1). In this context, gene therapy has become in one of the most interesting fields due to the possibility to transfer corrected genes in affected cells or prevent cell death and stimulate dopaminergic neuronal proliferation. In this context, high efficiency and security of viral vectors make these the main alternative for delivery.


Most state-of-art frequent episodes mining algorithm are apriori-like which not suitable for event streams mining.This paper considers the problem of mining frequent episodes on event streams over a sliding window.An novel generalized suffix-tree structure is proposed to discover and store frequent episodes.It maintains the data structure dynamically when appending new events.To improve spatio-temporal efficiency,the occurrence list of frequent episodes is used layer upon layer for dividing searching space and the bound episodes are monitored for finding changes of frequent episodes.The experimental result shows the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm.


Significance
 The investigation into the assassination of prominent journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia has taken a dramatic turn with the interrogation of senior Maltese government officials, the arraignment of a prominent business tycoon and the prime minister's announcement that he will resign in January.

 Impacts
 Investigation of Caruana Galizia's murder and large-scale corruption on government contracts will continue apace with unpredictable results.
 State institutions' independence and government corruption will remain in the international spotlight.
 Malta will continue to come under significant scrutiny in EU institutions.
 Investigations into lucrative government contracts signed under the Labour administration will gain momentum and others may be opened.
 The political crisis will prove detrimental to business confidence.


A general framework of aggregation for the Voter Model (VM) is developed which exploits the symmetries of the agent network $G$. Depending on the symmetry group $Aut(G)$ of the graph, certain ensembles of agent configurations can be interchanged without affecting the probabilistic structure of the VM. These nodes can be aggregated into the same macro state and the dynamical process projected onto these states is still a Markov chain. The method informs about the complexity of a system introduced by heterogeneous interaction relations. In some cases the macro chain is solvable.


This paper resumes the results of the intervention in two schools of Galician coast in Spain, soon after de oil slick in November 2003. The perception and the personal and social identity changes were analyzed as well as how the habitat conforms and transforms identity.


Based on the contradiction between the reguiremewt and restriction of colleges and universities,the suitable methods conforming to the basic principle of the green design was introduced in this paper. The relationship between the development and the green architecture design of high education of our country was discussed. The architecture design of colleges and universites should be performed on the basis of the green desing in order to obtain the sustaionable development.


The main purpose of this paper is to present considerations for the selection and design of trenchless pipeline projects. The information and recommendations herein are based on numerous trenchless projects performed by the authors. The two sections of this paper document the two major phases for typical trenchless projects - the first documents the evaluation and data collection phase required to evaluate trenchless methods, and the second section details aspects of the specifications and other contract documents affected by the selected trenchless methods. The abilities and limitations associated with various trenchless techniques can vary substantially from one method to another, leaving many owners and engineers uncertain of how to proceed when project requirements merit the consideration of a trenchless crossing. This first section chronicles the typical trenchless evaluation phase performed for trenchless crossing projects in order to examine the methods, risks, benefits, capabilities, and process for selecting crossing methods compatible with the project's specific site conditions. Trenchless options examined include horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, pipe-jacking, auger-boring, and pipe-ramming. Geotechnical conditions and crossing requirements are alsoexamined on how they affect the selection of a trenchless method. Following the selection of a trenchless method, the specific risks and constraints of the particular trenchless system have to be addressed in the contract documents. The second part of this paper highlights several specific, trenchless-related sections that warrant consideration and discussion for inclusion in the contract documents, including the trenchless specification, bidder qualifications, differing site conditions, measurement and payment, excavation support systems, and geotechnical documents. During the design process, the engineer and owner should work together to address the risks of the selected trenchless method(s) while striving not to limit the contractor's means and methods.


The Siriri Military Group as an Example of Rebel Activities
in the CAR
Most military incidents in the Central African Republic that have been recorded
since 2017 stem from confl icts over transportation trails, cattle (buffalo) grazing
and mineral mines (gold and diamonds). The article aims to show the activities of
military groups on the territories controlled by them through an analysis of tactics
deployed by one of the rebel organisations. The activities of the Siriri group are
typical of separatist groups in the Central African Republic (CAR).


A control method and associated component configuration provide cooling for components within a wind turbine (10) structure, such as a tower (12) or nacelle (14). A recirculating airstream of internal air is established in the structure. For a defined set of operational conditions of the wind turbine (10) that affect a required cooling capacity within the structure, the recirculating airstream is controllably augmented with external air to increase cooling capacity of the recirculating airstream. The amount of external air introduced into the structure is balanced with the amount of relatively hotter internal air within the structure so as to achieve a desired balance of temperature and relative humidity within the structure.


In the paper,the authors firstly introduce two models about asymmetric information in credit markets:"adverse selection"model and"moral hazard"model.Adverse selection model assumes that banks do not know the types of borrowers,and collateral could be used as a signal to signal its high quality type,so high quality borrowers provide collateral to get loans with low interest rates and low quality borrowers get loans without collateral and pay high interest rates.Ex post,the loans with collateral will default less than that without Moral hazard model assumes that banks know about the risk type of borrowers,but cannot monitor borrowers' behavior,and that the high quality borrowers have less incentive to abuse the loans.To reduce the low quality borrowers' incentive to abuse the loans,banks ask low quality borrowers to provide collateral and pay high interest rate.Hence,the loans with collateral will default more than that without.Secondly,based on the data of China state-owned commercial banks,the empirical evidence of the paper shows that moral hazard model's prediction is more consistent with real credit market equilibrium,and that loans with collateral pay high interest rate than that without and loans with collateral default more than that without.This means that the problem of"Ex post asymmetric information"is more serious than that of"Ex ante asymmetric information"on credit markets.


The characteristics of fully dry bag dusting technology of large blast furnace gas were presented.The process,technical parameters and creative points of process design,application of filter cloth made by new material,temperature control technology of heat exchange and base automation were expounded emphatically.Application effects of the technology in Shaoguan Iron and Steel Group Co.,Ltd.were described.


This paper introduces the present conditions of the wood industry and the education mode of creative talents for wood science and engineering specialty in relation to wood industrial background. The authors also put forward the target and requirements of creative talents cultivation as well as some measures for reforming the teaching practices.


Austenitic stainless steels are used in hydrogen environments because of their generally accepted resistance to hydrogen embrittlement; however, hydrogen-assisted cracking can occur depending on the microstructures or composition of the stainless steel. One area that has not been well researched is welds and in particular heat affected zones. The goal of this work was to measure the subcritical cracking susceptibility of hydrogen precharged gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds in forged stainless steels (21Cr-6Ni-9Mn and 304L). Welds were fabricated using 308L filler metal to form 21-6-9/308L and 304L/308L weld rings, and subsequently three-point bend specimens were extracted from the fusion zone and heat affected zone and precharged in high-pressure hydrogen gas. Crack growth resistance curves were measured in air for the hydrogen precharged fusion zones and heat affected zones under rising-displacement loading, revealing significant susceptibility to subcritical cracking. Fracture thresholds of 304L/308L welds were lower than 21-6-9/308L welds which was attributed to higher ferrite fractions in 304L/308L since this phase governed the crack path. Fracture thresholds for the heat affected zone were greater than the fusion zone in 21-6-9/308L which is likely due to negligible ferrite in the heat affected zone. Modifications to the weld joint geometry through use of a single-J design were implemented to allow consistent testing of the heat affected zones by propagating the crack parallel to the fusion zone boundary. Despite low hydrogen diffusivity in the austenitic stainless steels, effects of displacement rates were observed and a critical rate was defined to yield lower-bound fracture thresholds.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Abstract The use of two schemes (I and II) was compared for the fractionation of Fe, Mn and Zn in surficial sediments of the coastal regions of Egyptian Red Sea coasts. Scheme I measured the total oxide fraction. Scheme II, a detailed sequential extraction protocol, was used to distinguish oxide forms of the metal (Mn, poor crystalline Fe and crystalline Fe oxides). The data revealed that high percentage of Zn was concentrated in the residual fraction (lithogenic origin) in all sectors of the study. A high percentage of Mn was concentrated in the residual fraction in both of the Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea proper samples. However, a high percentage of Mn was recorded in the non-residual form; 60.53% (anthropogenic origin) in the Suez Gulf samples. The recovery of Fe was efficient at most stations using Scheme II, and it was shown that most of the Fe was concentrated among residual, poor crystalline Fe oxide and crystalline Fe oxide fractions. Both Schemes I and II are recommended for speciation of Mn and Zn, but Scheme I is preferred since it has fewer analytical steps. However, Scheme 2 is strongly recommended for the determination of the Fe fractionation pattern. Principal component analysis was applied to the multivariate data derived from the geochemical analysis of 24 stations in the study area and the fractionation patterns of Fe, Mn and Zn associated with physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment are discussed.


Abstract : Tellurium vapor reacts with gaseous fluorine to produce a chemiluminescent flame. The emission in the visible and near infrared part of the spectrum of the flame has been previously attributed to the A2 psi - X 2 psi - X system of TeF. Excited TeF produced in the flame was investigated as a possible candidate for chemical lasing. This work was intended to further characterize the TeF flame using computer controlled simultaneous optical and mass spectroscopy. Assignment of some band head wavelengths in the TeF(A-X) system were checked and a mass spectrum of the flame was obtained. The mass spectrum revealed the presence of TeF, TeF2, TeF3, and TeF5 in the flame. The apparently complex chemistry and the distribution of chemical energy over several vibrational levels in excited TeF suggest that this flame is not a promising candidate for chemical laser development.


Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm. Methods Sixteen patients, which course was five months to four years, were scanned with ECG gated SE and GRE pulse sequences. The diagnosis of thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm was corroborated by X ray aortic angiogram and/or operation. Results The pseudoaneurysm asymmmetric located at outside of aortic contour in all patients, and they were big(2.8cm×3.2cm×4.0cm~4.3cm×5.6cm×10.0cm),clear boundary, and irregular shape. There was small cavity (0.1cm×0.6cm×0.8cm~0.3cm×2.0cm×3.0cm)in the pseudoaneurysm in majority(13 cases)with the same signal intensity of the blood flow, and the thicker aneurysm wall as multi ply medium or moderate high signal intensity on the SE images, and lower signal intensity on GRE images. If the pseudoaneurysm with the cavity, the slit and the blood flow through the slit ejecting into the cavity of pseudoaneurysm could be seen. There were 3 patients without the cavity in pseudoaneurysm in this group, the signal of them was same with that having cavity, and the slit of pseudoaneurysm could not be seen also. Conclusion MRI can depict the specific signs of pseudoaneurysm, and it is one of imaging modalities of confirmed pseudoaneurysm diagnosis. [


Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Sanjie Zhentong capsule in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.Method: 167 patients were divided into treatment group(given sanjie analgesia capsule) and control group(given indomethacin) randomly.Then compared therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions between two groups.Result: There were differences between two groups in cure rate and total effective rate;The incidence of adverse drug reactions of treatment group was lower than that of control group.Conclusion: There are higher cure rate and total effective rate but lower incidence of adverse drug reactions of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.


A joint BBC/IBA technical specification of a transmission standard for digital two-channel sound with terrestrial television, for use with System I television [1], was approved by the United Kingdom Government in September 1986. Since then, broadcasters in the Nordic countries have adapted this digital system, now known as NICAM 728, for use with television Systems B and G which are used in those countries and much of the rest of Europe. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) is considering a recommendation that those members planning to introduce digital two-channel sound with terrestrial television should base their choice on this system [2].


A "double‐hydrophobic" elastin‐like triblock polypeptide GPG has been constructed by mimicking the localization of proline‐ and glycine‐rich hydrophobic domains of native elastin, a protein that provides elasticity and resilience to connective tissues. In this study, the effects of trifluoroethanol (TFE), an organic solvent that strongly affects secondary structures of polypeptides on self‐assembly of GPG in aqueous solutions were systematically studied. Beaded nanofiber formation of GPG, where nanoparticles are initially formed by coacervation of the polypeptides followed by their connection into one‐dimensional nanostructures, is accelerated by the addition of TFE at the concentrations up to 30% (v/v), whereas aggregates of nanoparticles are formed at 60% TFE. The concentration‐dependent assembly pattern discussed is based on the influence of TFE on the secondary structures of GPG. Well‐defined nanofibers whose diameter and secondary structures are controlled by TFE concentration may be ideal building blocks for constructing bioelastic materials in tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 175–185, 2015.


The formation and solvent extraction of new ion-association complexes between anionic chelates of niobium(V) with nitroderivatives of catechol {NDC: 3,5-dinitrocatechol (3,5-DNC) and 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC)} and tetrazolium cations {2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (TT + ) and 3,3'-[3,3'-dimetoxy(1,1'-biphenyl)–4,4'-diyl]-bis[2,5-diphenyl–2Htetrazolium] (Blue Tetrazolium, BT 2+ )} were studied. Niobium(V) forms two complexes with 4-NC and BT 2+ and one complex with 3,5-DNC and TT + with suggested formulae (BT 2+ ) [NbO(OH)(4-NC) 2 ] (I), (BT 2+ ) 3 [NbO(4-NC) 3 ] 2 (II), and (TT + ) 2 [NbO(OH)(3,5-DNC) 2 ] (III). The optimum conditions for the extraction of II and III (organic solvent, extraction time, acidity of the aqueous phase, concentration of reagents), some key constants {association constant (β), constant of distribution (K D ), extraction constant (K ex )} and analytical characteristics were determined. The molar absorptivities of II and III were calculated to be e' 415 = 4.6 × 10 4 L mol –1 cm –1 and e' 400 = 2.5 × 10 4 L mol –1 cm –1 , respectively. Beer's law was obeyed for Nb(V) concentrations ranging from 0.42 to 1.6 µg/mL (II) and 0.51 to 2.3 µg/mL (III).


We describe a measurement technique to characterize the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of electrically large wireless equipment in a compact environment. A modified phase-measurement method was proposed and, thus, the separation of the signal generator and radiating element was not required during the measurement. A Fresnel-to-far-field transformation was used for the fast measurement time in a compact anechoic chamber. An experimental verification of the method was carried out in a compact anechoic chamber, where the source-detector separation was approximately 1/5 of the far-field distance. The measured magnitude and phase pattern exhibited only a small error. The EIRP obtained using a Fresnel-to-far-field transformation was compared with a reference value, and the error was within 0.5 dB.


This paper demonstrates the use of an in-class simulation to model negotiations in the European Council. Simulations are an increasingly popular way to teach the complex processes of policymaking and negotiations in the European Union (EU) where institutional procedures are difficult to understand and where intergovernmental and supranational issues often conflict. Advocates of active learning promote simulations to get students more involved and to reach an increasingly diverse student body. The simulation presented here has three separate sessions, each covering a different issue and lasting for a week (two class days) each. Modeling the European Council allows students to experience the intergovernmental side of policy decisions in the European Union while at the same time learning about the issues facing EU policymakers. It is a useful tool for teaching about the EU presidency and a worthwhile exercise for studying the national aspects of European integration. Student surveys indicate that students process the information they gain by role-playing better than information they receive in the traditional classroom. A simulation of the European Council gives students a base for understanding issues of European integration and can serve as a springboard for further study of EU institutions.


In 2006, the Photovoltaic Thermal Control System (PVTCS) for the International Space Station's 2B power channel began leaking ammonia at a rate of approximately 1.5lbm/year (out of a starting approximately 53lbm system ammonia mass). Initially, the operations strategy was "feed the leak," a strategy successfully put into action via Extra Vehicular Activity during the STS134 mission. During this mission the system was topped off with ammonia piped over from a separate thermal control system. This recharge was to have allowed for continued power channel operation into 2014 or 2015, at which point another EVA would have been required. Without these periodic EVAs to refill the 2B coolant system, the channel would eventually leak enough fluid as to risk pump cavitation and system failure, resulting in the loss of the 2B power channel - the most critical of the Space Station's 8 power channels. In mid2012, the leak rate increased to approximately 5lbm/year. Once discovered, an EVA was planned and executed within a 5 week timeframe to drastically alter the architecture of the PVTCS via connection to a dormant thermal control system not intended to be utilized as anything other than spare components. The purpose of this rerouting of the TCS was to increase system volume and to isolate the photovoltaic radiator, thought to be the likely leak source. This EVA was successfully executed on November 1st, 2012 and left the 2B PVTCS in a configuration where the system was now being adequately cooled via a totally different radiator than what the system was designed to utilize. Unfortunately, data monitoring over the next several months showed that the isolated radiator was not leaking, and the system itself continued to leak steadily until May 9th, 2013. It was on this day that the ISS crew noticed the visible presence of ammonia crystals escaping from the 2B channel's truss segment, signifying a rapid acceleration of the leak from 5lbm/year to 5lbm/day. Within 48 hours of the crew noticing the leak, an EVA was in progress to replace the coolant pump - the only other replaceable leak source. This paper will explore the management of the 2B PVTCS leak from the operations perspective. It will discuss the methodology of performing the STS134 refill, the considerations and contingency plans which went into the architectural overhaul of the system in 2012, and the unprecedented effort which went into the EVA response to the visible leak of May 2013. In particular the paper will focus on the techniques utilized by flight controllers to monitor the system health and to respond to such instances as the rapid May 2013 leak by putting the electrical system in a safe configuration for loss of cooling, and will use recorded telemetry of these events to describe system response to EVA crew and ground actions. It will discuss the innovative design for redundancy of the integrated truss structure's cooling systems which allowed for this leak to be managed with minimal impact to other ISS operations and electrical services, contrasted against the real unintended operations consequences of utilizing the flexibility of the spacecraft's design in this manner. The paper will discuss how the training of the crew and flight controller personnel has adapted to the changing architecture of the power system and the unpredictable nature of the 2B leak.


This paper is an investigation into undergraduate students' perceptions on use of live projects as a teaching pedagogy in marketing research courses. Students in undergraduate marketing research courses from fall 2009 to spring 2013 completed an online questionnaire consisting of 17 items. The results suggested that student understanding of marketing research as a subject matter was significantly improved. The findings of this study are consistent with previous research, confirming the value of blending theory with practice. Specifically, this study found live-case projects were perceived by students to improve: (1) analytical skills, (2) understanding of subject matter, (3) critical thinking, (4) a comprehensive understanding of the research process; and (5) being engaged/active participants in class and in a more macro basis in their own education.


To the Editor:— Two different types of pacemakers have been built that avoid competition between the electrical impulse and idiocardiac contractions. One of these is the "standby" pacemaker (of which there are two models). We had the privilege of publishing our first experience with this pacemaker inThe Journal, and subsequently elaborated on this experience elsewhere.1-3At the same time others developed a "demand" pacemaker.4 The article by Goetz (205:657, 1968) as well as your editorial, "Apace With Pacemakers," continued to refer to demand pacemakers without reference to "standby" pacemakers, as if the two were somehow different and unrelated. Despite the slight difference in mode of operation of "standby" and "demand" units, the distinction between them is largely semantic. In both cases a spontaneous idioventricular contraction will affect the next scheduled pacemaker impulse to prevent the implanted pacemaker from firing a stimulus into the vulnerable period of


Women's employment is not evenly distributed across sectors and this variance in gender diversity can impact firms' productivity and wages. Using the newly available EC 2013 dataset, this paper explores the relationship between gender diversity, productivity, and wages. Our first finding is that gender diversity is positively associated with productivity and wages in the knowledge-intensive service sector. This result is consistent with the notion that higher gender diversity increases heterogeneity of beliefs and values, and thus may be linked to greater critical thinking required in knowledge-based industries. Our second finding is that there is a negative or no association with productivity and wages among less knowledge-intensive service and both high- and low-tech manufacturing firms. These relationships are robust across different industry classifications and measures of diversity.


The nature of Dark Matter remains one of the outstanding questions of modern astrophysics. The success of the Cold Dark Matter cosmological model argues strongly in favor of a major component of the dark matter being in the form of elementary particles, not yet discovered. Based on earlier theoretical considerations, a possible link between the recent SPI/INTEGRAL measurement of an intense and extended emission of 511 keV photons (positron annihilation) from the central Galaxy, and this mysterious component of the Universe, has been established advocating the existence of a light dark matter particle at variance with the neutralino, in general considered as very heavy. We show that it can explain the 511 keV emission mapped with SPI/INTEGRAL without overproducing undesirable signals like high energy gamma-rays arising from $\pi^\circ$ decays, and radio synchrotron photons emitted by high energy positrons circulating in magnetic fields. Combining the annihilation line constraint with the cosmological one (i.e. that the relic LDM energy density reaches about 23% of the density of the Universe), one can restrict the main properties of the light dark matter particle. Its mass should lie between 1 and 100 MeV, and the required annihilation cross section, velocity dependent, should be significantly larger than for weak interactions, and may be induced by the virtual production of a new light neutral spin 1 boson $U$. On astrophysical grounds, the best target to validate the LDM proposal seems to be the observation by SPI/INTEGRAL and future gamma ray telescopes of the annihilation line from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Palomar-13 globular cluster, thought to be dominated by dark matter.


We examine the electronic properties of the $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Rh}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}$ metallic series with $0.78\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1$ by treating the non-Fermi liquid (NFL) state of CeRhSn as a reference state. A nonuniversal behavior of the NFL phase is observed as a function of $x$, which is attributed to enhanced magnetic disorder effects introduced by alloying, from one side and to the role of spin fluctuations due to Rh $4d$ electrons from the other. The NFL behavior at the lowest temperatures is attributed to quantum critical fluctuations among $4f$ electrons due to Ce, whereas the spin fluctuations become pronounced at higher temperatures $Tg6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Thus, in Sn-rich samples those two types of fluctuations coexist. An itinerant-electron type of spin-glass-like state with a small magnetic moment appears at temperatures $T\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. These studies complement our previous work on the same system in the Sb-rich region, i.e., with $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}xl0.2$, where the Kondo semiconducting state evolves into NFL state via a quantum critical point located at $x\ensuremath{\cong}0.12$.


Abstract In this paper, the FCC gasoline (75∼120○C fraction) is investigated and studied on the HZSM-5 type zerolite catalysts modified with zinc nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate which are prepared by impregnation method. The results show that Znx–HZSM-5 type zerolite catalysts have a high initial reactivity of aromatization but a rapid deactivation. Compared to Znx–HZSM-5 type zerolite catalysts, the Znx–Py–HZSM-5 type zerolite catalysts not only have more stable reactivity of aromatization but a property of isomerization. The Zn (2%)–P(4%)–HZSM-5 has the best performance among them. Also, the reaction operational conditions are observed and studied on the Zn (2%)–P (4%)–HZSM-5 type zerolite catalyst. The results are that the optimal reaction temperature is 430○C, the liquid hours space velocity (LHSV) is 1 hr−1 and the reaction pressure is 0.1Mpa.


Introduction Part One - Setting the Stage: Multicultural Education within a Sociopolitical Context 1 Understanding the Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education 2 About Terminology 3 Multicultural Education and School Reform Part Two - Developing a Conceptual Framework for Multicultural Education 4 Racism, Discrimination, and Expectations of Students' Achievement Chapter 4 Case Studies: Linda Howard, Rashaud Kates, Vanessa Mattison 5 Structural and Organizational Issues in Schools Chapter 5 Case Studies: Avi Abramson, Fern Sherman 6 Culture, Identity, and Learning Chapter 6 Case Studies: Yahaira Leon, James Karam, Hoang Vinh, Rebecca Florentina 7 Linguistic Diversity in U.S. Classrooms Chapter 7 Case Studies: Manuel Gomes, Alicia Montejo 8 Toward an Understanding of School Achievement Chapter 8 Case Studies: Paul Chavez, Latrell Elton Part Three - Implications of Diversity for Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society 9 Learning From Students Chapter 9 Case Studies: Nadia Bara, Savoun Nouch, Christina Kamau 10 Adapting the Curriculum for Multicultural Classrooms 11 Affirming Diversity: Implications for Teachers, Schools, and Families


The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is a collaborative effort among government entities, academia, and the private sector to collect high-resolution 3-dimensional data over the United States. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is making preparations for managing, processing, and delivering petabytes of 3DEP elevation products for the Nation. In addition to the existing 1/3, 1, and 2 arc-second seamless elevation data layers of The National Map, new 3DEP products include lidar point cloud data; a standard 1-meter DEM layer; additional source datasets; and, in Alaska, 5-meter digital elevation models. A new product generation system improves the construction and publication of the seamless elevation datasets, prepares the additional 3DEP products for distribution, and automates the data management functions required to accommodate the high-volume 3DEP data collection. Major changes in geospatial data acquisition, such as high resolution lidar data, volunteered geographic information, data processing using parallel and grid computer systems, and user needs for semantic access to geospatial data and products, are driving USGS research associated with the 3DEP. To address the research requirements, a set of inter-related projects including spatiotemporal data models, data integration, geospatial semantics and ontology, high performance computing, multi-scale representation, and hydrological modeling using lidar and other 3DEP data has been developed.


Epidemiological data on the association between fibrinogen levels and mortality are scarse and controversial. Longitudinal analyses were performed, separately by sex, on 17,689 individuals from the Moli-sani study [53% women, ≥35 years, free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer at enrolment], to evaluate the association between plasma fibrinogen and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 1,058 deaths (34.7% CVD, 36.3% cancer) were ascertained. Both in the lowest (1.12-2.64 g/L) and highest (≥3.62 g/L) fibrinogen quintiles, women had an increased all-cause mortality hazard, when compared with third quintile (2.97-3.23 g/L). Dose-response analyses showed a U-shaped relationship in women (P overall <0.0001; P non-linear association <0.0001), but a positive linear association for all-cause mortality in men (P overall 0.0038; P non-linear association 0.76). Similar trends for a U-shaped association were observed for CVD mortality, while no association was observed with cancer deaths. A U-shaped association of fibrinogen levels with other-cause mortality was also found in both sexes. This study shows that not only higher but also lower fibrinogen levels represent hazard for mortality when compared to normal levels; U-shaped curves being prevalently observed in women.


The creation of the National Women's Institute for Secondary Education Emperatriz Maria de Austria was a Baccalaureate approach girls from a working class areas in the outskirts of Madrid, by encouraging social mobility for many of them who, through these studies, got delinked the ideology of submission that sought to impose the Women's Division during the early years of Franco. This article is especially novel because it deals not only a center that breaks with the elitism that had Institutes of Secondary Education, but because it provides information on school architecture during the Franco regime, through the description of their areas and, basically, because it shows the development of school life through knowledge of: governing bodies, teachers and pupils.


Abstract CMOS-based microdisplays which use time-sequential color monopixels have a much higher fill factor and markedly better image quality than displays using triad subpixels. These microdisplays excel in applications requiring either compact viewers or projectors. This paper describes optical architectures used for incorporating microdisplays into near-to-eye and projector displays, and reports some figures of merit for the displays. It also describes the liquid crystal mixtures used in the displays, and details some LC dopants that can give these mixtures wider temperature ranges, faster switching speeds, and lower birefringence.


The 27 February, 2010 Maule earthquake (Mw=8.8) ruptured ~600 km of the Nazca-South America plate boundary (33°S-38.5°S) and caused hundreds of fatalities and billions of dollars in structural losses. In order to better understand the coseismic rupture process of this devastating earthquake, we study the seismic velocity structure of the Nazca-South America subduction zone near the epicentral region. The results show a wedge shaped body ~40 km wide with typical sedimentary velocities (<3.5 km/s) interpreted as an active accretionary prism composed of weak and fluid-rich sediments. Landward of the imaged accretionary prism, the velocity model shows an abrupt velocity-contrast suggesting a rheological and lithological change which is interpreted as a backstop. The backstop is coincident with the seaward limit of the aftershocks, defining the seismic front and up-dip limit of the megathrust earthquake. The latter is also observed along strike (33°S-38.5°S) where the seaward extension of more than 1000 aftershocks is
located at roughly the same distance from the deformation front (~30 km). On the other hand, reflections from the top of the subducting oceanic crust constraint the location of the plate boundary and its dip angle to 10° and thus we estimate the hypocenter location at 22±1 km depth. Our seismic results provide crucial constraints for evaluating the capability of this area to target shallow tsunamigenic earthquakes and assessing earthquake and tsunami hazard.


Summary form only given, as follows. An aim of this study is to propose a layered dynamic autoassociative memory which treats binary patterns as input/output and consists of a (multi-)layered network trained by the backpropagation and a simple feedback from output to input. This simple-architecture, autoencoder-type feedforward network with feedback dynamics works as an extended version of autoassociative memory and overcomes the poor ability of the autoencoder for recalling a learned pattern. It also solves two critical problems of conventional correlation-type associative models: crosstalk noise elimination and multiple-match resolution. It is shown that decision hyperplanes, which are formed in a multilayer feedforward network by means of the backpropagation or LMS (least-mean square) learning algorithm, characterized the performance of the proposed model.<<ETX>>


In several of Christoph Luxenberg's articles, Christian liturgical practices are claimed to be the source of Koranic texts, above all the Eucharist and Christmas. His views have been contradicted vehemently, not only on apologetic Muslim websites, but also in scholarly publications. Therefore it seems fair to take the arguments against his new interpretation of Koranic texts seriously. The present article will present some of the arguments of one of his critics, Nicolai Sinai,1 but also some of the findings of another scholar, Stephen Shoemaker,2 who found a material source in the form of a church for the Koranic narrative of Jesus' birth. This should be understood rather as the invitation to further discussion than as a final judgment. In the following, the articles of both Sinai and Shoemaker are first summarized in as objective a way as possible. Only after that are their arguments assessed and if possible either confirmed or refuted.


We propose a simple method for determination of polar anchoring coefficient by electrical measurements. The basic idea of this method is a two‐channel scheme for capacitance measurements. The first channel uses one cell with planar alignment LC, the second channel uses the cell with vertical alignment (VA). Such method gives a possibility to investigate anchoring properties of planar and vertical alignment materials. Measurements of two cells at one time give possibility to compensate all volume effects in LC cell and investigate only surface effects. The method can be used for the cells, which do not have uniform planar or VA orientation. We applied this method to investigate the polar anchoring properties of photoaligning material before and after illumination.


A project was conducted to create a handbook for consumer and homemaking education teachers in Georgia who deal with mainstreamed handicapped students. The handbook is intended to help teachers develop and implement effective individualized education programs and is designed to supplement the Georgia Curriculum Guide for Consumer and Homemaking Education. The first step in the project was to conduct a needs assessment of 137 randomly selected consumer and homemaking teachers in the state. The needs assessment determined teachers' perception of content necessary to help them teach mainstreamed handicapped students. The teachers identified the following topics as necessary in a handbook: specific learning activitie3, suggested materials, assessment/evaluation pro.edures, and goal statements. The handbook should also have a chapter on developing individualized education programs. (A format for planning such programs is excerpted in this document.) (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************** CONSUMER AND HOMEMAKING EDUCATION FOR MAINSTREAMED HANDICAPPED STUDENTS IN GEORGIA


ABSTRACT Abdominal signs and symptoms in diaphragmatic pleurisy have been emphasized times innumerable. Let us add chest injury to the pleurisy. There are few internists who have not placed the lesion in the peritoneal cavity, and few surgeons who have not operated in such cases for appendicitis or other acute abdominal condition—all of which means that the differential diagnosis is often extremely difficult.It is hoped that the simple sign here described may be of value to some in such cases when rigidity is present. So far as I have been able to learn, it has not been mentioned in the literature. When the lesion is intrathoracic, the rigidity of the abdominal muscles momentarily relaxes at the end of expiration. This is typical, and is not present regularly at any other period of the respiratory excursion. When the lesion is intraperitoneal, the rigidity is usually constant; but, if intermittent, is not


Calculation of mass transfer with equation presented by Grant(1986) shows that gold has been little enriched in the early mineralization stage of red alteration in Jiaojia gold deposit,gold content in red altered rock is about as 0.7 times as that in the mother rock.But gold has been extremely enriched in the later stage of phyllic alternation,gold content in phyllic zone is about as 50 times as that in the red altered rock,the volume is increased and lots of materials are immigrated into the system during the main mineralization stage in Jiaojia gold deposit.


The paper deals with distance or level measurements based on ultrasonic time-of-fight estimation. Starting from a past experience concerning the use of the discrete extended Kalman filter (DEKF) to overcome some limitations affecting already available ultrasonic-based techniques, the authors are going to present a new digital signal-processing method capable of improving the cited advantages. The method is based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), a new extension of Kalman filter theory mandated to face some DEKF problems, mainly due to its inherent linearization approach. At this aim, UKF is applied to the acquired ultrasonic signals in order to improve the estimation of returned echo envelope as well as location of its onset. After describing key features and implementation issues of the new method, results obtained in a number of tests on simulated and actual ultrasonic signals are given, which assess its reliability and effectiveness along with advantages with respect to the previous one


Background— Preeclampsia is a prevalent life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The circulating antiangiogenic factor, soluble endoglin (sEng), is elevated in the blood circulation of women with preeclampsia and contributes to disease pathology; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for its induction in preeclampsia are unknown. Methods and Results— Here, we discovered that a circulating autoantibody, the angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1-AA), stimulates sEng production via AT1 angiotensin receptor activation in pregnant mice but not in nonpregnant mice. We subsequently demonstrated that the placenta is a major source contributing to sEng induction in vivo and that AT1-AA–injected pregnant mice display impaired placental angiogenesis. Using drug screening, we identified tumor necrosis factor-&agr; as a circulating factor increased in the serum of autoantibody-injected pregnant mice contributing to AT1-AA–mediated sEng induction in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Subsequently, among all the drugs screened, we found that hemin, an inducer of heme oxygenase, functions as a break to control AT1-AA–mediated sEng induction by suppressing tumor necrosis factor-&agr; signaling in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the AT1-AA–mediated decreased angiogenesis seen in human placenta villous explants was attenuated by tumor necrosis factor-&agr;–neutralizing antibodies, soluble tumor necrosis factor-&agr; receptors, and hemin by abolishing both sEng and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 induction. Conclusions— Our findings demonstrate that AT1-AA–mediated tumor necrosis factor-&agr; induction, by overcoming its negative regulator, heme oxygenase-1, is a key underlying mechanism responsible for impaired placental angiogenesis by inducing both sEng and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 secretion from human villous explants. Our results provide important new targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in the management of preeclampsia.


Modern information technology is the important basic of logistics to highly integrated development.The construction of Huai'an Logistics Information Platform is mentioned in an important position with the programming of Huai'an Logistics Park(Logistics Base,logistics center,etc.),whether the positioning of the platform accurate is the key to successful operations.Embedded analysis of needs and functional to Huai'an logistics platform is based on t he results of investigate to Logistics enterprises,customers and the Government in order to provides ideas.to build a logistics information platform.


According to the present invention, there is provided an optical recording medium comprising at least one information recording layer and a reflective layer, wherein the reflective film layer comprises a greater than or equal to 3.0 [atomic%] and less than or equal to 6.5 [atomic%] of Cu AgCu alloy thin film layer is composed of content. Thus, the optical recording medium can be inexpensively manufactured, as well as for the weather resistance can be improved, therefore, possible to avoid the deterioration of the characteristics thereof after the optical recording medium is stored for a long time.


In the past decade, use of Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has rapidly risen, providing millions of students access to higher education. MOOCs have also changed the education paradigm, with most courses involving a combination of short video lectures with moderated online discussion. This project evaluates performance of different supervised regression algorithms and features to predict lecture video complexity. We find that there is a weak relationship between our predictors and labels, but much promise for future work with more advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques. We hope the results of this work will help MOOC instructors tailor their teaching style to virtual audiences.


A new kind of biodegradable polymer, PBS, was used as both carbon source and biofilm support in a fixed-bed reactor to remove nitrate from groundwater. The experimental results showed that the denitrifying bacteria can easily attach to the surface of PBS granules and adapt to use PBS as carbon source. The SEM observation indicated that the fine biofilm can develop on the surface of PBS granules within 15 days. The denitrification rate increased with temperature increase in the range of 10-35°C, the maximum denitrification rate reached 1.00 mg/g.d at 35°C. Continuous experiment results showed that nitrate (50 mg/l) can be removed effectively and nitrite did not accumulate in the effluent.


A new programmable charge coupled device (CCD) detector based on the CAMAC (Computer Automated Measurement and Control) modular system and coupled to a Micro Vax III computer has been developed for time‐resolved synchrotron experiments. The programmability of the electronics allows one to use many kinds of CCD chip. Moreover, different detector modes can be chosen according to the time scale of the experiment. Various time‐resolved x‐ray scattering experiments have already been performed at NSLS and CHESS with this imaging system. For example, a real‐time study of the early stages of crystallization of the amorphous metallic alloy Fe80B20 was carried out at the X6 beamline at NSLS. Here a spin melt ribbon of the amorphous metal was resistively heated in stages to 600°C and the crystallization observed on the CCD. The detector angular acceptance of 3° allowed for the observation of the evolution of the α‐Fe, Fe3B and the Fe2B phases simultaneously on a minute time scale.


Summary form only given. The parametric generation of spin wave (SW) bright envelope soliton-like pulse trains by microwave parallel pumping in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films has been observed by Benner et al. (1999). We report that through parallel pumping different types of SW soliton-like pulse trains can be obtained. The experimental structure consisted of three parallel 50 /spl mu/m-wide microstrip transducers. The distance between the two outer transducers was chosen to be 1.2 mm. These transducers were fed in-phase and served as the pumping elements. The inner transducer, situated exactly in the middle of the structure, served as an output signal element. For the experiments we used a long and narrow, 50 by 2 mm, 5.7 /spl mu/m thick YIG film straight-edge resonator. It was centered over the transducer structure. The resonator was tangentially magnetized in the direction perpendicular to its long axis thus creating conditions for back and forth propagation of magnetostatic backward volume SW excitations. Periodical pulsed pumping with carrier frequency /spl omega//sub p/ of about 8.5 GHz, a repetition rate of about 3 MHz, and a pulse duration of 70-100 ns was applied to obtain soliton formation. The frequency spectra of the generated soliton trains were recorded simultaneously with the amplitude profiles.


Now in Russia the innovative model of development is implemented, so new instruments of innovative project financing are required. Hence, the necessary competences should be formed within the educational system. To study the influence of different factors on venture capital and entrepreneurial activity, the work considers the analysis of the different research papers, which study the determinants of the venture capital development. According to the results of testing, the possible hypotheses are outlined and verified. The analysis was performed on two datasets, which represent the annual data for Russia and the USA from 1994 to 2012. As the influence factors on the VC industry the model uses determinants both used in previous works and completely new. The latter are the level of small business development, the inventors' activity coefficient, and the level of information and communications industry development in a country. As a dependent variable, the total volume of venture investments, transformed into logarithmic scale is used. The result of the paper shows the primary factors of VC and technological entrepreneurship development, which also influence on the demand for entrepreneurial education.


OBJECTIVE To explore the effective prevention and control measures by analyzing the epidemic characteristics of varicella.METHODS The Excel software was used to restropectively investigate the prevalence of varicella infection of the outpatients in our hospital from Jan 2007 to Feb 2010.The time,and the distribution of varicella infected patients were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 307 varicella infected patients were investigated from Jan 2007 to Feb 2010 with a tendency of increased year by year.Most of the varicella infected patients(47.88%) were at the age between 15 and 24 who remained relatively high in 2010.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of varicella infected outpatients in hospital is increasing in recent years,and the age is gradually driven to the adult-oriented.Corresponding measures should be actively taken to prevent and control the prevalance of varicella.


A case of severe, probably viral pneumonitis in a three-year-old child is presented, which resulted in complete atelectasis of the left lung, and in diffuse changes of bronchiolitis and bronchitis obliterans. The case represents a variant of bronchiolitis obliterans.


CSEM is superior to MT to some extent.Plenty of scholars all over the world are developing this exploration method,while the level of processing CSEM data is still staying on 1D and 2D approximate inversion approaches.2.5D modeling can better simulate the true earth than the 1D and 2D modeling.In order to enhance application of this method,2.5D or 3D forward and inversion algorithm should be developed.Adopting the finite element method represents CSEM 2.5D modeling.After evaluating the accuracy of the forward code,the electromagnetic responses of one horizontal model and one topography model were calculated.Finally,the conjugate gradient method was used to complete the field inversion algorithm.From the outcomes of response inversion,this inversion approach not only has high precision,but also has a very fast calculation speed.So the inversion code can be used into production.


Deregulation and liberalization of international energy market are recently increasing the demand, in transmission and distribution networks, for more efficient solutions for Power Management and better Power Quality. Fast and reliable VAr control systems, such as STATCOMs, enhance the dynamic stability of power networks. Rongxin Power Electronic Co (RXPE) developed a transformerless Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel converter, to be directly connected to 35 kV grid. After an overview of STATCOM topologies and semiconductor devices (section I and II), Some test results in factory is introduced.


This text offers a comprehensive discussion of how given aroma compound classes (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur) are initially formed and subsequently analyzed in foods. The sensory significance of these classes of aroma compounds is discussed in the context of forming the desirable and undesirable character of a food product.


To conduct the training of rural surplus labor force transference can not only improve the professional quality of China′s peasants to promote the orderly and efficient transference,but also reform and improve China′s rural education system.In the new historical period,it is necessary to base on urban and rural community,be employment-oriented,innovate training model and construct the training system for the transference of rural surplus labor force,so as to guide the effective transference and the employment.


This paper simulates and discusses the throughput of the ring employing SRP-fa fairness algorithm under various traffic scenarios and shows that under certain scenarios the performance of SRP-fa fairness algorithm achieves the optimal throughput result predicted by the known max-min fairness definition.


The Marx of Communism and the Marx of Structuralism.
The article addresses the issue of the response within the French Communist Party to the structuralist and anti-humanist reading of Marx which Althusser formulated in the period leading up to May
1968. While structuralism was regarded by some as a marker of the avant-garde, to a number of
communist intellectuals, and in particular those closest to the party leadership, it amounted to a "a
philosophy of hopelessness". e article thus examines the context in which Althusser was declared
to be heterodox in the early months of 1966, in particular at the convention of philosophers held
in Choisy and at the meeting of the Communist Party central committee in Argenteuil.


The initial authority for the state-wide inspection of penal institutions in New York State was provided in 1846, in the act incorporating the Prison Association of New York. The Executive Committee of the Association was empowered and required to appoint committees from time to time to inspect the prisons of the state. It was also made mandatory that the association report annually to the legislature the results of the inspections, together with other information that would be helpful to that body in improving the government and discipline of the institutions. Although no provision was made for the enforcement of recommendations subsequent to inspections, the association has always functioned, as it should, in the capacity of public informant. Nearly fifty years later the state established its own official inspecting body, namely, the State Commission of Prisons. Its powers and duties consist of the inspection of penal institutions, the collection of records from the same, the regulation of the construction of new institutions and to some degree the enforcement, with the aid of the law, of its recommendations. So that now in the State of New York there is an official and a semi-official form of supervision of the penal institutions. For the past five years, the Prison Association has employed two inspectors, one devoting most of his time to institutions of the Department of Correction of New York City, and the other to institutions outside of the city. The Prison Commission consists of seven commissioners, appointed by the governor, each for a term of five years. The commission appoints a secretary, who is assisted by a chief clerk and two inspectors. The commissioners are not required to give their time daily to the work, so that the greater part of it is performed by the secretary and his very small staff. The inspection field includes over sixty jails, six county penitentiaries, several reformatories, five state prisons, and hundreds of police lockups. The question is frequently raised as to the value of inspection. Its usefulness depends largely upon the manner and spirit in which it is performed, its purpose, and the ability and training of the inspectors.


The subject of the study was the indicators of occupational injuries in the context of Russian regions. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of occupational injuries in the regions of the Russian Federation. The study presents an analysis based on Rosstat data in 2019-2020, considering the contribution of certain types of economic activity to injury rates. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the last 5 years the rate of decline in occupational injury rates in Russia has slowed down significantly and is no longer so clearly dependent on employment rates in the economy. The scientific novelty is the grouping of the regions of the Russian Federation according to the types of economic activity prevailing in them in order to analyze their impact on the indicators of occupational injuries. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping and modeling. The authors developed a methodology for analyzing the state of occupational injuries in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation. In the process of developing the methodology, the types of economic activity were identified, the contribution of which to occupational injuries is at least 10%. For the country as a whole, these are manufacturing, transportation and storage, and health care activities (the share of affected people employed in them exceeds 60%). The authors compiled a list of regions of the Russian Federation, in which the rates of occupational injuries exceed national figures in all types of economic activity that dominate in terms of injuries. A comparative analysis of data on occupational injuries in 2019-2020 made it possible to assess the impact of the pandemic both on the distribution of victims by types of economic activity and on the composition of the types of economic activities that dominate in occupational injuries. The study concludes that it is necessary to consider the types of economic activity prevailing in the regions when developing state programs for Russian regions to improve working conditions and labor protection.


Objective To study the effects of deliberate hypotension(DH)induced by nitroglycerin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics(PK/PD)of rocuronium.Methods Thirty patients scheduled for elective tympanoplasty were randomly assigned to DH group or control group(n=15 for the each).After induction without any relaxant,every patient received a single dose of rocuronium(0.6 mg·kg-1)via peripheral vein.Serial arterial blood samples were taken to determine the plasma concentration of rocuronium by HPLC-MS/MS.The PK/PD analysis was performed with NONMEM.Results During the recovery stage(TOFR=0.7,0.9),the plasma concentration of DH group decreased significantly compared to those of control group(P0.05).PK/PD linked model analysis indicated that deliberate hypotension induced by nitroglycerin had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters.EC50 and γ in the DH group decreased significantly(1.11 mg·L-1 vs 1.42 mg·L-1;2.92 vs 4.32,respectively)compared to those of control group.Conclusion Deliberate hypotension induced by nitroglycerin could augment the potency of rocuronium,but it made no difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters.


Water is one of the most important resources for sustaining life on earth. It is essential for daily activities like cooking, cleaning, and bathing. In residential areas, water supply systems are usually managed by Municipal Corporations or other governing bodies. This project mainly focuses on the IoT based solution for automation of the water tank filling system in our residential area. In this project two Esp8266 MCU connected to the same cloud channel are used, one will be at the Water Source side and other will be at Tank side. The Ultrasonic Sensor connected to the Esp8266 senses the water level in the tank, if the Water level is low the Esp8266 will sent the Motor ON signal to the ThingSpeak IoT Cloud and the Esp8266 at the river or dam side is also connected to the same cloud channel will read that signal and turn the 'Motor ON'. If the tank is full the Esp8266 sends the 'Motor OFF signal' over the cloud and the other microcontroller at the river/dam side will turn OFF the motor. A web interface displaying graphs and indicators is also provided for the user to study and analyze the data from the system.


The study of expression to refer tourist object through writing as cooperative activity is held to identify the structure of expression since this activity gives more time to revise ideas. The idea to write based on own experience of viting object and write it with partner to open access learning together. There are 3 research questions such as form and stucture, information covers and cohesion. Data collected from general English online learning and then analyzed descriptively. To motivate the expected expression, a simple model sentence is provided. Research found out 3 conclusions. First, there are 3 categories based on form and structure chosen, such as (a) copying model in which only a few words are replaced without necessary agrement so that the expression seems similar to model. (b) Modified sentences produce additional sentence elements, for example object uniqueness and the object advantages compared to other. (c) The ability to improve is clearly found in third category where various additional information, such as attractions, photo spots, facilities, entrance tickets, to culinary delights are added. (2) The coverage of expressions includes six of the eight commonly used to refers object, i.e object name, region, theme, closest object, icon, and access. (3) The cohesion is done by cohesion tools, such as this, there, and introductory.
Keywords: expression to refer tourist object, form and stucture, coverage, cohesion.


Globalization of integrated circuits manufacturing has led to increased security concerns, notably theft of intellectual property. In response, logic locking techniques have been developed for protecting designs, but many of these techniques have been shown to be vulnerable to SAT-based attacks. In this paper, we explore the use of Boolean sensitivity to analyze these locked circuits. We show that in typical circuits there is an inverse relationship between input width and sensitivity. We then demonstrate the utility of this relationship for deobfuscating circuits locked with a class of "provably secure" logic locking techniques. We conclude with an example of how to resist this attack, although the resistance is shown to be highly circuit dependent.


The results of a self-paced Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) are presented which are based on the detection of senorimotor electroencephalogram rhythms during motor imagery. The participants were given the task of moving through a virtual model of the Austrian National Library by performing motor imagery. This work shows that five participants which were trained in a synchronous BCI could sucessfully perform the asynchronous experiment. K eywords: Brain-Computer Interface, asynchronous, self-paced, motor imagery, navigation, virtual environment


In this work, a dense YSZ coating with homogenous structure was produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) on a NiO-YSZ anode supported by a porous metal substrate. A powder separator was used to limit fluctuations in the particle stream, thus stabilizing the process. During feeding, the YSZ powder was separated into fine particles that were fed directly to the plasma and coarse particles that were collected and reused. The coatings obtained exhibited high homogeneity both across the surface and through the thickness. SEM images showed that the YSZ layer was crack-free and that its porosity ratio rivaled that of vacuum plasma sprayed zirconia when two separators were used. Based on these observations and the results of gas leak rate measurements, the potential of online powder separation to improve SOFC electrolyte performance has been established.


T:le title of this paper, 'the ACTF Genre'. is an allusion to a term coined by Australian film historians Susan Dermody and Elizabeth Jacka (Dermody and J acka 1988a, 1988b). What other commentators have dubbed the 'period' or 'nostalgia' films of the 19705 and 1 980s. Dermody and lacka have conceptualized as constituting a 'genre' in their own right, a genre sustained by the ideological imperatives of the institution which funded them: the APC (Australian Film Commission). The 'AFC Genre' included such films as The Devil's Playground, Picnic at Hanging Rock. Caddie, My Brilliant Career and Breaker Moran!. Along with preference for historical and atmospheric settings, the' AFC genre and period drama' foregrounded certain narrati ve and stylistic repertoires. As Tom O' Regan summarizes,


Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at room temperature. They have attracted considerable attention as new materials. In this study, a transient short-hot-wire apparatus was prepared, and the thermal conductivity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim] [BF4]) was measured. The experimental temperatures were from 294 to 334 K, and the pressures were from 0.1 to 20 MPa. It was found that the thermal conductivity of an ionic liquid has a very small temperature and pressure dependence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(6): 361–372, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20166


We have re-observed the field of M 74 in January 2003 with XMM-Newton , 11 months after the X-ray detection of SN 2002ap. From a comparison of the two XMM-Newton  observations we obtain more accurate values for the X-ray luminosity and colours of the source five days after the event, and a limit on its decline rate. We compare its X-ray behaviour (prompt soft X-ray emission, relatively low luminosity) with that of other type Ic SNe, and speculate that SN 2002ap may share some physical properties (low mass-loss rate and high-velocity stellar wind from the progenitor star) with the candidate hypernova/gamma-ray-burst progenitor SN 1998bw, but with a lower (non-relativistic) speed of the ejecta. We suggest that the X-ray emission observed in 2002 is likely to come from the radiatively-cooling reverse shock, at a temperature $kT \approx 0.8$ keV, and that this soft component was already detected 5 d after the event because the absorbing column density of the cool shell between the forward and reverse shocks was only ∼ 10 20  cm -2 , i.e., the shell was optically thin in the soft X-ray band. The new XMM-Newton  data also allowed us to continue monitoring two bright variable sources in M 74 that had reached peak luminosities >10 39  erg s -1 in previous XMM-Newton  and Chandra observations. Finally, we used two Chandra observations from 2001 to investigate the luminosity and colour distribution of the X-ray source population of M 74, typical of moderately-active late-type spirals.


Objective To investigate the changes of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and D-dimer levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and their clinical significance in the occurrence and development of ACS.Methods 102 patients diagnosed with ACS in our hospital were selected,among whom 40 patients had acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and 62 had unstable angina pectoris(UAP).50 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) hospitalized in the corresponding period and 50 healthy people receiving physical examination in the corresponding period were selected as the control group.The CRP levels were measured using the immune turbidimetric test,and the BNP levels and D-dimer levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).The result data were statistically analyzed.Results Compared with the control group and the SAP group,the ACS group had significantly elevated CRP,BNP and D-dimer levels(P 0.01).As for the above indicators,patients with AMI were significantly higher than patients with UAP(P 0.01 or P 0.05).Conclusion The CRP,BNP and D-dimer levels significantly elevated in patients with ACS and therefore the detection of CRP,BNP and D-dimer levels was of great value to the aided diagnosis,curative effects observation and prognosis judgment of ACS.


The global economy and financial markets around the world are said to be adversely affected by the terrorist attack of 11 September 2001. The present study empirically evaluates the impacts of terrorist attacks on the top 20 stock market indices of the world. The Event study approach is used to conclude that there is a significant impact of the terrorist attack on stock indices of the selected countries, as the following stock market indices showed an adverse abnormal return on the day of the event namely, New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, Shenzhen Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange of India, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Bombay Stock Exchange, Euronext Paris Exchange, Johannesburg stock exchange and Euronext Brussels. While the rest of the selected stock markets showed a positive abnormal return on the event date. In the following days of the event, the Stock exchange in China showed a negative abnormal CAR for 80 days, while stock exchanges in India showed a negative abnormal CAR in the 20 days following the event. Most of the stock exchanges were not much affected by the event, even if there was an effect it didn't last long, as the abnormal return was positive after a while.


AbstractAn experimental investigation of simply supported built-up section beams with different sectional configurations has been conducted under both four-point bending and three-point bending. Intermediate stiffeners were employed to the webs of built-up sections to improve the buckling strength that is susceptible to local buckling and/or distortional buckling. In this study, the built-up sections were assembled by self-tapping screws from two channels with web stiffeners, which were brake-pressed from high-strength, zinc-coated grades G500 and G550 structural steel sheets with nominal 0.2% proof stresses of 500 and 550 MPa, respectively. The screws were located either at the flanges or webs, and the built-up sections include both open sections and closed sections. The moment capacities and observed failure modes of the beam tests are presented, and no failure was found in the screws. The local and distortional buckling behavior of the built-up section beam specimens were found to be different from the...


Purpose: Mistreatment in the elderly people represents an increasing problem in today's society, making it crucial to understand its true impact. This study aims to evaluate the signs of mistreatment in a population of elderly people admitted and relate them with risk factors. Methods: The data was obtained a questionnaire, with the participation of 100 elderly people The questionnaire was divided into 5 sections, al-lowing the collection of sociodemographic and health data, information on emotional status (Geriatric Depression Scale) and functional status (Katz Index) and the prevalence of abuse indicators with the Question to Elicit Elder Abuse (QEEA) instrument. Results: The analysis of the results concludes that 36% of the participants report at least one indicator of abuse. Emotional abuse (29%) and neglect (24%) are more frequently detected, followed by financial abuse (12%) and physical abuse (5%). When relating the indicators of mistreatment with the other variables, it is concluded that there is an association between the number of mistreatment indicators and female gender, low educational level, depressive symptoms and increased functional dependence. Conclusion: This study is alerting us to the high number of elderly people with signals of mistreatment in CHUC, a central Hospital in Coimbra, Portugal. It is important that the medical and other health professionals become of the issue in order to develop policies capable of minimizing this situation.


Laser ablation of solid targets in liquid environment allows the generation of nanoparticles (NPs) with several useful properties such as high purity, easily functionalizable surface, metastable composition, or complex structure, including doped nanocrystals, core–shells, hollow microspheres, nanotruffles, or nanocrescents. However, the mechanisms of NPs formation is still not well understood, and challenges remain in size control and productivity. Here, we investigate how the asymmetry intrinsic of laser-matter interaction can influence the structure and yield of gold NPs produced with nanosecond pulses. In particular, we confined the geometry of the laser ablation configuration in three ways: by reducing the thickness of the solid target from bulk size to a few tens of nanometers, by reducing the size of the laser spot on the solid target, and finally, by reducing the lateral size of the bulk target. The interpretation of results was supported with numerical simulations of heat distribution inside the m...


Using Motion Fields to Estimate Video Utility and Detect GPS Spoofing Brandon Carroll Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Master of Science This work explores two areas of research. The first is the development of a video utility metric for use in aerial surveillance and reconnaissance tasks. To our knowledge, metrics that compute how useful aerial video is to a human in the context of performing tasks like detection, recognition, or identification (DRI) do not exist. However, the Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric was previously developed to estimate the usefulness of still images for DRI tasks. We modify and extend the TTP metric to create a similar metric for video, called Video Targeting Task Performance (VTTP). The VTTP metric accounts for various things like the amount of lighting, motion blur, human vision, and the size of an object in the image. VTTP can also be predictively calculated to estimate the utility that a proposed flight path will yield. This allows it to be used to help automate path planning so that operators are able to devote more of their attention to DRI. We have used the metric to plan and fly actual paths. We also carried out a small user study that verified that VTTP correlates with subjective human assessment of video. The second area of research explores a new method of detecting GPS spoofing on an unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a camera and a terrain elevation map. Spoofing allows an attacker to remotely tamper with the position, time, and velocity readings output by a GPS receiver. This tampering can throw off the UAS's state estimates, but the optical flow through the camera still depends on the actual movement of the UAS. We develop a method of detecting spoofing by calculating the expected optical flow based on the state estimates and comparing it against the actual optical flow. If the UAS is successfully spoofed to a different location, then the detector can also be triggered by differences in the terrain between where the UAS actually is and where it thinks it is. We tested the spoofing detector in simulation, and found that it works well in some scenarios.


The invention discloses a wireless charging system of an intelligent mobile terminal. The wireless charging system comprises a battery unit, an electric energy interaction unit, an emitting unit, a receiving unit and a control unit, wherein the electric energy interaction unit comprises a receiving and sending compatible circuit and an electromagnetic coil connected with the receiving and sending compatible circuit for emitting or receiving the electric energy in an electromagnetic coupling mode; the emitting unit is used for inputting the electric energy of the battery unit into the electric energy interaction unit for emitting to charge the external intelligent mobile terminal; the receiving unit is used for inputting the electric energy received by the electric energy interaction unit into the battery unit for charging the battery unit; the control unit comprises a control processor; and the receiving and sending compatible circuit is set to be in an emitting mode or a receiving mode by the control processor according to a control instruction received from the intelligent mobile terminal. The invention also discloses the intelligent mobile terminal including the wireless charging system.


Allergic diseases constitute a sizable, significant part of pediatric and general practice. The pathogenetic mechanism of many of these diseases is known to be the immediate allergic reaction, while others are found to be due to reactions of delayed allergy and auto-antibody reactions. Whether one uses the term "allergy" or "hypersensitivity" to denote all of these diseases is a semantic choice. The editor of this volume prefers the former, the reviwer the latter term. Of greatest importance is to recognize the broad and expanding field of hypersensitivity and its importance to the practice of medicine. This book is an effort on the part of the New York City Allergy Society to bring to the generalist, pediatrician, specialist, and student some aspects of the current knowledge of the scope, mechanism, investigation, clinical manifestations, and management of various kinds of disease of allergic origin. Much but not all of it will interest


We show that certain algebraic structures lack freeness in the absence of the axiom of choice. These include some subgroups of the Baer-Specker group $\mathbb{Z}^{\omega}$ and the Hawaiian earring group. Applications to slenderness, completely metrizable topological groups, length functions and strongly bounded groups are also presented


Micro-solid-phase extraction is reported for the preparation of Bohai crude oil for the determination of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The operational parameters were optimized. Micro-solid-phase extraction provided higher quantities of low-molecular weight components than conventional liquid chromatography. The concentrations of high-molecular weight n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their alkylated homologs obtained were comparable by micro-solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. The diagnostic ratios also indicated that there were no significant differences between these methods. Therefore, micro-solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is recommended for the characterization of spilled oil.


In the 1980s, I met an Israeli who told me something memorable about shopping in America. She said that on her first trip to a supermarket she cried. She had grown up with the small grocery stores and modest supermarkets of Israel and was stunned by the sight of long, clean aisles fully stocked with an immense variety of foods—much more than she ever thought she'd see in one place. Her encounter captured the awe that America's consumer economy has inspired even in people from countries with a comparatively high standard of living. The foundations of mass consumption were already in place in the 1830s when Alexis de Tocqueville visited the United States and reported on the proliferation of luxuries for the average person, but in the period after 1940 the country underwent a commercial boom that had no precedent. Postwar abundance came as a welcome and overdue relief to a generation that had suffered through depression and war. Social critics, however, saw storm clouds on the horizon of the good life. Combining in one pot the intellectual energies of German social theory and American progressive criticism, writers as different as Erich Fromm and Vance Packard laid out an expansive indictment of American consumer capitalism, which, in its moment of glory, had replaced the old problem of proletarian misery with the new problem of mass commodification. While Cold War politicians held up suburban surplus as evidence for the ultimate superiority of capitalism over communism, intellectuals who distrusted capitalism brooded over the spiritual costs of a system whose dynamism seemed to require men and women to elevate material selfishness over the public good. They feared that mass consumption had its own iron laws of existence, demanding passivity on the part of consumers who would be told by


After reforming and opening,the training of legal talents in our country has been developed rapidly with the main model of "training separately based on elaborate division of specialty",which has played a positive role to meet the need of legal talents in our country.However,with the quickening of modernization of justice,there are some new changes in social needs for legal talents and the disadvantages of original training model for legal talents become growingly clear.These disadvantages include that: unclear targets for different level and different type legal education in the base of training legal talents——universities and colleges as,neglect of practice ability training,and lack of the humanity education.By examining the training model of legal talents in some foreign countries,it can be found that: they pay more attention to the integration of knowledge,ability and quality;their teaching methods are rich and flexible;and they attach importance to the training of professional ethics and profession skills.Therefore,we should refer to the experience of other countries,define training aim clearly,and reform course system,change teaching methods and perfect assessment system,according to our country's situation.


PURPOSE: A code word feedback apparatus for an MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) system and method thereof are provided to receive the feedback of CQI(Channel Quality Indicator) information by considering of the coherence time of a current channel in a user terminal. CONSTITUTION: A feedback information selection unit(1000) selects code words including upper data capacity as candidate codeword numbers from all code words within a codebook. A feedback execution unit(1100) gives feedback as CQI information for one code word of the selected candidate code words. The feedback execution unit gives the feedback as the CQI information for the selected code words during the coherence time of a channel.


The purpose of this study is to highlight the second home sector in Sweden and Denmark, in a comparative study of regulations for the second home market, and residence requirement. Two attractive s ...