The objectives of this research were to find out the income of sugar cane farming, household income of sugar cane farmers, household welfare level, and factors that affect the welfare level of sugar cane farmer households in Bungamayang Sub-District. The location was determined purposively, considering that Bungamayang Sub-District has been the center of sugar cane production in North Lampung Regency. The number of respondents in this research were 54 farmers taken randomly. Data were collected in April -May 2019.  The analytical method used for the first and second objectives was farm analysis, the third objective used Sajogyo welfare level analysis and the fourth objective used binary logit analysis. The study shows that average income of sugar cane farming is IDR23,161,313.80/hectare.  Average annual household income is IDR44,295,593.33 and the contribution of sugar cane farming income to household income is 57.52 percent.  Based on the criteria of Sajogyo, sugar cane farmer households are included in the sufficient category. Household income positively affects welfare level, while the number of family members negatively affects the welfare level of sugar cane farmers in Bungamayang Sub-District.Key words: farmer households, income, sugar cane, welfare level


The solvent debinding process of wax based binder in powder injection molding(PIM) was studied systematically, and the effects of debinding temperature, shape, thickness, surface area and powder loading of green parts, and liquid/solid ratio on solvent debinding behavior were investigated. It was found that the solvent debinding rate was high at the beginning, and then decreased, however, it would increase with temperature increasing. The solvent debinding process was controlled by diffusion initially, and temperature was the dominant parameter. Then dissolution control and binder concentration became the most important factor. The bigger the volume ratio of solvent and green parts was, the higher the debinding rate and binder loss ratio were. The higher the powder loading of green parts was, the lower the debinding rate and binder loss ratio were. The effect of green parts′ shape on debinding rate was in essence the effect of green parts′ surface area and thickness, and regression analysis indicated that debinding rate was in direct ratio with specimens′ surface area, while it is in inverse proportion with the square of specimens′ thickness.


ADVANCE, the Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation ConcEpt, is an Advanced Traveler Information System project. The in-vehicle portion of ADVANCE involved development and testing of a vehicle navigation system that utilized dynamic traffic information for a roadway network in the northwestern portions of Chicago and its suburbs. Seventy-five vehicles were instrumented with in-vehicle computers and radio communications equipment. Data inputs to the system included real time information from a variety of existing sources, such as, closed loop traffic signal systems, *999 (a cellular based motorist call-in system), the Illinois Department of Transportation Traffic Systems Center (which monitors operations on expressways in the Chicago area), IDOT's Communications Center (which communicates with the Minutemen, the motorist aid system), Northwest Central Dispatch (an area wide emergency dispatch system), etc. Another primary source of information, however, was the vehicles themselves acting as traffic probes. Drivers were recruited to utilize project provided vehicles in testing over a seven month period commencing in June 1995. Throughout 1996, ADVANCE underwent a detailed evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of the evaluation; highlight the lessons learned during the design and implementation of the project; and provide insights to others that are contemplating the implementation of an in-vehicle dynamic route guidance system.


The family members of children in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit existed obvious anxiety,and the anxiety state differed with different relitionship,different maternal and different internal and external factors,for example,educational level,family income,coping style.And then concluded that humanistic nursing care,targeted cognitive interventions should be carried out and effective Social Support System should be set up to meet the individual demands of families and alleviate their anxiety level,so as to cooperate with the treatment of children in good physical and mental condition.


Abstract Indigenous Australian underrepresentation in higher education remains a topical issue for social scientists, educationalists and policymakers alike, with the concept of indigenous academic success highly contested. This article is based on findings of a doctoral study investigating the drivers of indigenous Australian academic success in a large, public, research-intensive and metropolitan Australian university. It draws on the concept of transformational resistance to illuminate the forms that indigenous resistance takes and how identities of resistance performed by indigenous students complicate and speak to the students' notions of academic success. By drawing on ethnographic data, this article demonstrates how indigenous academic success is fuelled by the idea of resistance to the Western dominance, where resistance becomes the very cornerstone of indigenous achievement.


In this paper,hydrogeological condition of Liaogu-1 well was introduced; the present condition of extraction of geothermal resources around Liaocheng seism-hydrochemistry station was researched comprehensively. The effect of the extraction of geothermal resources on underground fluid observation and behaviors were analyzed basing on the research. It is believed that the extraction of geothermal resources in the well area resulted in the dry-up of Liaogu-1 well and the emergence of abnormal behaviors in various measurements. The extraction of karst water in carbonate rock around Liaogu-1 well affected the underground fluid observation and behaviors,the disturbance became more serious especially in winter when groundwater was mined for heating. In this paper,for the sake of removing or reducing the effect,the artificial self-flow was carried out by transformation of wellhead equipment. As a result,obvervation items were insured,obvervation condition of part of items was improved,the dynamic data of many obvervation items was continuable,only few items were affected seriously,and actual effect was obtained. But the essential way out is to protect the observation system and stop extraction of geothermal resources in same stratum.


Practical and theoretical analysis shows that the "two peaks and a funnel" pattern CO_2 curve at furnace throat is proper for the ferromanganese blast furnaces.The regulating method for reasonable distribution of gas-flow is also presented.


A lifelong learning system can adapt to new data without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. In this paper, we introduce the first benchmark for lifelong learning machine translation. For this purpose, we provide training, lifelong and test data sets for two language pairs: English-German and English-French. Additionally, we report the results of our baseline systems, which we make available to the public. The goal of this shared task is to encourage research on the emerging topic of lifelong learning machine translation.


About 10% of Europe's surface area is prone to rapid flooding of rivers confined in valleys. The devastating potential of such floods is exacerbated by the deficits of existing gauging networks, including low station densities and recording frequencies, and lack of information beyond stage height. Here, we use seismic data of the July 2021 Ahrtal flood, Germany, to extract information to complement sparse hydrometric data, and to reconstruct the rapid evolution of this fatal event. We show that a seismic station can deliver essential flood metrics such as magnitude, propagation velocity and debris transport rate. These seismic products provide high resolution insight to the non‐linear flood behavior. We argue that an approach combining distributed low‐cost seismometers with existing seismic stations, can provide important real time data on future catastrophic floods and associated hazards in upland catchments, offering precious response time also in currently ungauged landscapes.


Numerous algorithms and frameworks have been proposed by scholars to solve credit scoring problems in the past. Only a few studies have examined the factors affecting second car loan default. However, this issue is of great importance to the auto loan industry. Therefore, this study intends to define a hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model to mine the database of defaulting customers of loans of second hand cars. First, this study introduces the Dominance Based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) to analyze the characteristics of the defaulting clients, derive the core attributes as well as the decision rules. Then, the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is adopted to derive the main concepts affecting the default of auto loans. The empirical results can be used as a reference for auto loan companies. Based on the database of one of major financial institutions in Taiwan, the feasibility of the analytic framework was verified. According to the mining results of the customer database, age, gender, marital status, education, income and loan amount are the core attributes, and 15 decision rules are derived. The results of this study can be used as a basis for future loan verification by financial institutions, as well as for the introduction of intelligent automatic loan verification mechanism and the development of intelligent vehicle loan platform.


[Objective]To develop a standard closed experimental fracture model in mouse femur.[Method]A 0.45 mm stainless-steel rod was introduced into the medullary cavity and the pre-nailed femur shaft was fractured by an impact device,which resulted in a reproducible transverse fracture pattern.The fractures were examined using X-ray Micro-CT,and histological method.[Result]Transverse fractures were created in 91.67% of the experimental mice,and the fracture healing was typical secondary fracture healing.[Conclusion]The standard closed fracture model in this experiment,whose healing was typically secondary fracture healing,can be obtained easily and used in study of fracture.


Effect-orientation and relaxation are singled out as potentially useful concepts for social research on the recreational effects of marijuana and alcohol. Factor analyses of questionnaire data from a large study of marijuana and alcohol users reveal that these concepts coherently describe independent dimensions of recreational effects. Relaxation is generally characteristic of the effects of both drugs, but the effect-orientations of marijuana and alcohol differ considerably. The effects of both drugs change predictably along the two dimensions as drug-using situations change. These findings are related to important problems for further social research on recreational drug effects.


Empirical and theoretical metallurgical knowledge enables specifying which elements, in amounts less than about 5 at. %, could embrittle or impair the mechanical properties of gold and silver. There are two categories of this microstructurally-induced embrittlement: alloys most probably embrittled as-cast, and alloys that could be embrittled by low temperature ageing. From the chemical compositions and current evidence for microstructural embrittlement of archaeological gold and silver, the most likely embrittling elements are lead, bismuth and antimony, especially lead. As yet there is no good evidence for microstructural embrittlement of archaeological gold. But archaeological silver can suffer age-embrittlement, most probably due to lead. Suggestions for further investigation are made.


It has shown that uniform circular arrays (UCAs) have better performance than uniform rectangular arrays, especially for azimuthal beamforming, when the antenna elements are isolated isotropic point sources. However, in practice, the elements of antenna arrays have physical dimensions and certain radiation characteristics. When two antennas are close to each other, some of the energy from one antenna is coupled to the other, which is referred to as mutual coupling (MC). This paper investigates the beamforming performance of the UCA with real antenna elements and considers the mutual coupling


Freedom is essentially important to literature.Continuous growth of marketization and rapid pervasion of globalization has brought some non-neglectable inactive phenomena to the world of literature and art,the worst of which are gradual loss of the sense of mission in literary writing and daily desalination of the sense of morality.Under the current circumstances,it is especially important to foster the sense of morality of younger writers and artists.The society ought to show respect for the personality and freedom of writing of the writer and artist,who in turn ought to observe the basic morals of society.Literary works should satisfy normal social demand for entertainment and leisurely enjoyment and also deepen the spiritual realm of human mind and upgrade the function of spiritual realm.Therefore the moral responsibility of the literati should be emphasized to promote common attempt to develop the system of socialist morality,enhance national fine traditions and cultivate national spirit.


On the terrain of LGOM, the geodetic measurements aimed at deformation monitoring investigations began in early 60-ties. Exploitation of copper ore on the area of LGOM started in early 70-ties of the XX century. Since that time the deformation process is monitored with the best possible geodetic techniques available. In 1992 the classical measurements have been compiled with results of GPS positioning. GPS campaigns are performed once per year or at least every two years since that date. They comprise the whole control GPS point network of LGOM and some chosen points of the detailed shaft networks. The Polish part of the EUPOS network, called ASG-EUPOS, started to work in 2008, and a question arose how it can be used for the purpose of LGOM terrain deformation monitoring. One of suggestions was to take advantage of the automatic computations of static GPS sessions, which is possible within the ASG-EUPOS network through one of its services, called POZGEO. The main aim of this paper is to check what are the obtainable accuracies within this service and whether they are good enough to be applied in deformation monitoring. Results of comparisons of POZGEO coordinates with the coordinates computed using older GPS methods are given.


Presented a new fragile digital audio watermarking algorithm for authentication is. Firstly,the visually recognizable binary watermark image was converted into the one-dimensional sequence,and the sequence was permuted pseudo-randomly. Then some digital audio samples werd selected randomly and decomposed by Fast Fourier Transform. Finally,the significant FFT coefficients werd selected according to their JND(Just Noticeable Distortion),and the watermarking signal was embedded into the selected FFT coefficients by quantization process. The proposed algorithm can extract the watermark without the help from the original digital audio signal. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is inaudible and robust against various signal processing such as noising adding,lossy compression,low pass filtering,re-sampling,and re-quantifying.


One of the most significant outputs of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio in 1992 was Agenda 21 (A21,) a 'blueprint for implementing sustainable development' (Voisey and Beuermann 1996.) Local Agenda 21 (LA21) attempts to translate the international challenges of Agenda 21 into local, community–oriented initiatives. This case study reports on the exceptional achievements of an LA21 initiative of Boras - a town in Sweden. This research analyses the factors that have been critical to its success and the results illustrate the importance of the external LA21 catalyst. The findings also suggest that in the globalisation of environmental concerns, the bottom–up approach of LA21 may, in the long run, be as significant in moving towards sustainable development as top–down national and international approaches.


This paper deals with an optimal part selection problem in an automated manufacturing system in which a flexible manufacturing cell produces different parts for several production lines. The optimal control problem is formulated as an undiscounted semi-Markov decision process with the cost structure consisting of shortage cost and holding cost in the lines. In order to minimize the expected cost, the cell must decide what type of part to fabricate next at each epoch of the cell completing a part. Numerical results are shown in order to study the sensitivity of the optimal solution on the shortage cost and the holding cost.


Knotting of a balloon-tipped, flow-directed catheter leading to difficulty in its removal is a rare but serious complication. Several methods have been used to remove such catheters with nonsurgical techniques. A case of knotted catheter that was also entrapped in a surgical suture in a patient undergoing emergency mitral valve replacement is presented and a method for its nonsurgical removal is described.


Fe50+xPt50−x (x=0,5,10.5) powders obtained by mechanical ball milling at liquid nitrogen temperature are investigated. The phase composition, chemical order, and magnetic properties are studied as a function of composition and annealing conditions. The annealed powders contain a mixture of the highly ordered L10 FePt, disordered FePt, as well as Fe3Pt and FePt3 phases. The highest coercivity of 0.7 T was achieved in the Fe50Pt50 powder annealed at 450 °C for 48 h. The annealed FePt powders have a lamellar microstructure with grains of about 40 nm. Coercivity increases with increasing L10 volume fraction and degree of chemical order.


• Site: The research was conducted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, Wardha, India. • Type of study: Questionnaire-based study • Duration: 6 months • Procedure: A questionnaire was prepared to assess the menstrual history of the adolescent schoolgirls. The questionnaire was validated by Dr. Neema Acharya, Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Girls aged 10 to 19 years who came for the adolescent clinic to AVBRH from the schools in the region were made to answer the questionnaire based on the menstrual disorders faced by them in the past year and as a part of the general health checkup; their hemoglobin was measured and their scores in the last main exam were recorded. The hemoglobin levels of the girls were classified into mild (10–11.9 gm%), moderate (7–9.9 gm%), and normal (>12 gm%) (based on World Health Organization data) and their answers were tabulated accordingly. • Statistics: A total number of 250 girls participated in the study. Percentage-wise analysis of their answers was done, following which the p value was found and the significance was assessed.


Prior research suggests violent narratives can transport viewers, affecting attitudes and beliefs. This research project explores whether a factor related to a media text —vividness—affects the degree to which audience members become transported into a violent narrative. Furthermore, this study focuses on the various subcomponents of the transportation experience (e.g., attention, emotional involvement, and mental imagery processes) to see if vividness affects some components more than others. In an experiment, 179 participants were exposed to vivid or non-vivid versions of violent television programs. Findings reveal that viewers of vivid violence exhibited stronger emotional reactions and higher attention levels. Vividness did not impact mental imagery processes or excitation levels, however. Implications for transportation, vividness, and media violence research are discussed.


This researches discusses the implementation of the confiscation of the confiscation of criminal acts of corruption that have decreased in value. The author raised this matter because based on data released by Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW), there were 533 (five hundred and thirty three) cases throughout 2021. Based on this data, it was found that the total potential state losses incurred reached Rp 29.4 trillion. In contrast to the magnitude of the losses incurred, on the other hand, based on the results recorded by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) that the return of state losses was only Rp 2.6 trillion which consisted of payment of fines, compensation for the spoils, and Rp 3 billion in the form of payment of status determination and use of grant funds. From the existing problems, the author examines how to manage the confiscated objects of corruption so as not to experience a decrease in value?. This researches uses a normative juridical writing method, namely the law is conceptualized as what is written in legislation or the law is seen as a gift or norm which is a benchmark for human behavior that is considered appropriate and supported by data found on the internet. After conducting research on the problems discussed in this journal, this can be overcome by holding an auction in advance of confiscated objects that will experience a decline in value so that the recovery of state financial losses can take place optimally which needs to be supported also by a good work ethic from law enforcement officials. the law, namely by taking good care of confiscated objects so that they do not experience a decline in value and integrated data collection so that the confiscated objects are not lost or not recorded.


While violence prevention programs can be helpful in solving the prob lems facing society and schools, they are an incomplete intervention to prevent destructive conflicts from occurring. Conflict resolution train ing is needed. Training every student how to negotiate and mediate will ensure that future generations are prepared to manage conflicts constructively.


Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) films are fabricated via low pressure metal-organic (MO)CVD on glass or quartz substrates from the novel single-source precursor Mg(hfa)2 · 2H2O · 2diglyme. The nature and quality of films are scrutinized depending on relevant operational parameters, namely the deposition temperature, the precursor vaporization rate, and finally the flow of the oxygen reacting gas. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) data point to the formation of crystalline MgF2 films. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicate very homogeneous surfaces with grain dimensions dependent upon operational conditions, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses point to the absence of any C or O contaminants. Smooth and homogeneous surfaces can be obtained upon deposition under high oxygen flow. The MgF2 film deposited on glass at 400 °C under optimized conditions shows a ∼80% transmittance in the range 300 − 800 nm. The high crystalline and optical quality of the MgF2 films, deposited using mild deposition temperatures (< 450 °C) still confirms MOCVD as a versatile and competitive deposition technique.


This paper studies patterns of technological change under two scenarios. In Scenario I, a distorted government is open to the influence of producers' collective action, while in Scenario II a benevolent government operates to maximize national income. The paper draws attention to the role that institutional arrangements and asymmetries in sectoral technology absorption play in shaping the path of technological change. Simulation results are threefold. First, biased institutions under Scenario I might help drag the economy towards the right trajectory, with current generations experiencing welfare loss. Secondly, the benevolent government under Scenario II supports the path of capital-augmenting technological change, which is also supported by the distorted government only when institutions deliberately favor the investment goods producing sector. Thirdly, sectoral asymmetries in technology assimilation do not help industries overcome disadvantageous situations in the political market, and hence do not in�uence the direction of technological developments.


With the development of computer technology, computer games continue to appear on the market. The interface design in computer games is particularly important. In order to satisfy the human-computer interaction function of the game, this article mainly analyzes and researches the human-computer interaction design in the computer game interface.


abolitionists, including members of Boston's vigilance committee walked alongside, bearing witness to Sims's rendition. A few days later the Washington, D.C., National Intelligencer celebrated the rendition of Sims as a triumph for the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: "The law has been vindicated; its supremacy has been established; and the hands that would have opposed its execution were paralyzed by the spontaneous rally of the whole city of Boston." In 1968, Stanley Campbell's history of the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, The Slave Catchers, advanced a similar conclusion. Based on a survey of fugitive slave cases adjudicated under the law, Campbell concluded that broadly speaking northern public opinion supported enforcement of the act and accepted the return of fugitives to the South. According to Campbell, "only a few citizens in isolated communities engaged in active opposition to enforcement of the law." Of 176 rendition cases brought before federal tribunals, Campbell found that only in eighteen were fugitives rescued from custody. 1 In his discussion of the enforcement of the law, Campbell told the story of judges and officials charged with upholding a controversial law who stood firm in the face of opposition from a minority of extremists and largely succeeded in vindicating the law. He noted the consistently strong opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act in several distinct geographic regions of the country, most notably Massachusetts, the Burned-Over District of New York, the Ohio Western Reserve, Chicago, and Wisconsin. Outside of these areas, however, he maintained that "the great majority of the northern population" either supported the law or acquiesced in its enforcement. The Sims case, Campbell observed, demonstrated that even in Boston, "the abolitionists did not dominate public opinion." Campbell noted that after the passage of the Kansas Nebraska Act in 1854, the law became a dead letter in New England, Michigan, and Wisconsin, but he maintained that in the Lower North states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, the law retained broad support. 2


The authors predict that the baryon/photon ratio at the time of nucleogenesis is = 1/256{sup 4}, Omega{sub DM}/Omega{sub B} = 12.7 and (for a cosmological constant of Omega{sub Lambda} = 0.6) that 0.325 > Omega{sub M} > 0.183. The predictions of Omega{sub M} and estimate of Omega{sub Lambda} were in excellent agreement with Glanz' analysis in 1998, and are still in excellent agreement with Lineweaver's recent analysis.


Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is a 30‐amino acid peptide primarily produced by endocrine cells in the intestines. As an incretin, GLP‐1 regulates food intake and glucose homeostasis via central (e.g., hypothalamus) and peripheral (e.g., pancreas) mechanisms. GLP‐1 also acts as a neuropeptide and both the peptide and it receptor (GLP‐1R) are expressed in the brain. Previous data suggest that GLP‐1 signaling is involved in regulating neurobiological pathways related to addictive behaviors, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, GLP‐1R has begun to be investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AUD. To this end, it is also important to understand how alcohol use may affect the endogenous GLP‐1 system. In a series of human laboratory experiments, we first examined the effect of alcohol administration on peripheral GLP‐1 concentrations in heavy‐drinking alcohol‐dependent individuals. Four separate sessions were conducted across these studies: oral self‐administered (variable dose) alcohol, oral fixed dose alcohol, intravenous self‐administered (variable dose) alcohol, and intravenous fixed‐dose alcohol. Repeated blood samples were obtained during each session and GLP‐1 concentrations were measured via ELISA. In all four experiments, acute administration of alcohol consistently resulted in a significant reduction in peripheral GLP‐1 concentrations (p's < 0.001). Next, we looked at the GLP‐1R gene expression in postmortem brain tissues from patients with AUD and healthy controls (New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre, University of Sydney). GLP‐1R mRNA was extracted from five brain regions (i.e., prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus), and real‐time quantitative PCR with TaqMan gene expression assay was run. Results showed that fold change in GLP‐1R mRNA in the hippocampus was significantly higher in patients with AUD compared to healthy controls (p = 0.007). Collectively, these data elucidate, for the first time to our knowledge, how exposure to alcohol influences different components of the GLP‐1 system, both in the periphery and the in the brain. Future studies should investigate the safety and efficacy of targeting the GLP‐1 system (for example with GLP‐1 analogs already approved for diabetes and obesity) as a novel pharmacological approach to treat AUD.


The 9/11 terrorist act has hit the epicentre of the Western hemisphere's societal, financial and cultural Megalopolis resulting in the American mili tary actions in Iraq and Afghanistan that destabilized the whole Middle-Eastern region and Is lamic sphere of influence. These retaliatory military actions culminated in 2005 and 2006 with the withdrawal of Western armed forces out of the whole Middle East; this eve nt was accompanied by the withdrawal of the Syrian occupation forces from the Lebanon and t he Israeli army'smilitary adventure in the extreme south Lebanon. These military misadvent ur s, signalled a discrepancy between the Western's financial giant and its military forc es capacities that gained the reputation of a tiger of paper. The discrepancy or gap was deepened with the obvious loss of oil fields in the Middle East and in North Africa that are the very p obable indirect cause for the 2007-2008 worldwide financial crisis that today is known as t he sub-prime crisis. These crises caused and are still causing many world-wide instabilities like: the 2011 launch of the Arabic spring that was in fact the rise of Baghdadi's Islamic Sta te, the regional Syrian civil war that looks more like a confrontation of global powers, the ris e of far-right xenophobic currents in many Western countries, the European union's unbundling due to the BREXIT vote, the neofeminist rise as a new societal alternative to the traditionally male dominatedenvironments and the emergence of new global powers like China, Russia and India. The Western's influence faded away to be replaced by new regional a d global powers... The 2001-2018 transformational societal period needs in-depth ana lysis that depends on measurable interrelated factors characterizing the reasons for the mentioned events and the everlasting financial and societal crisis to which are applied simplistic financial and accounting strategies.These strategies are based on rigid acco untancy, austerity and superficial studies similar to the ones to invade Iraq. This research u ses the historical financial and geopolitical crisis, extending from year 2001 until today, to pr esent a major change triggered by a brutal and sudden societal transformation event [1]. The a uthors use the case of the 2008 crisis in an attempt to demonstrate this research's mathematical modelling method and analysisenvironments to deliver a set of explanatio s and recommendations. The authors apologize in advance for any possible offense creat ed in discussing these historical, societal and political events. They based their research art icle on various sources of information and are aware of their possible bias or doubtful reliab ility. The authors fully respect completely opposite views that may legitimately exist. Politic al issues were used here just as an attempt to demonstrate whether the computerisation methodol ogy applied in restructuring of business companies could be applied on a larger scale. E-Leader Warsaw 2018 Introduction An entity like a government, or enterprise may use an architecture methodology or other standard methodology to linkevents or requirements toitsenvironment's organisational characteristics and to map theirunderlying resource s, t chnologies,which are based on functionalinter-related services [2]. Unfortunately , Business or Societal Transformation Managers (BTM),executive leaders or geopolitical an alysts often simplify their analysis to complex problems by forwarding simplistic silo expl anations. This article's main aim is to warn prospective BTMsof the possible pitfalls that maybe encountered when confronting complex crisis, where event like the9/11 is not an isolated one. In this article the authors offer a set of proven geopolitical and financial recommen dations that would cover and support suddensocietal transformation waves. This articleis a part of a long series of articles related to Business Transformation Projects (BTP) and Enterpri se Architecture (EA) that deal with the various aspects of frequenttransformational changes . The implementation of such BTPs' geopolitical module requires the interaction of mul tiple heterogonous disciplines andfieldsand it can be modelled with standardized m ethodologies. The authors have based their research on the main fact that only around 12 % of organisations successfully terminate innovation-related business transformations project s[3]. Asocietal transformation is not just a set of isolated human, technology or infrastructure change event, but it is rathera set of interlinked major events that are ignited from one r more sources.That is why there is a need to adopt the right agility strategyto explain major shocks.The applied research methodology is based on a literature review of credible sources like the Gartner Inc., a quantitativequalitative mixed methodology and on a proof of con cept that is used to prove the related hypotheses and to offer a set of recommendations. The applied research methodology The automated societal pattern component The Societal Transformation Pattern (STP) draws its knowledge, architecture, design and framework implementation from the services of vario us implementations of the actual research project and other research artefacts[4]. T he STP promotes geopolitical driven global environment that use references to various types of interrelated events. The STP can be applied to many similar geopolitical and societal t r nsformations; and this component is the focus of this research phase. The STP component is a part of the Geopolitical management module (Gm); Gm is also a part of the Selection man agement, Architecture-modelling, Control-monitoring, Decision-making, Training manag ement, Project management, Finance management and Geopolitical managementFramework (Sm AmCmDmTmPmFmGmF, for simplification reasons, in further text the term Environment will be used), that is the major support for societal transformation's activities fo llowing major black swans [5]. The research process The BTP's global research topic's and the final res earch question (hypothesis #1-1) is: "Which business transformation manager characterist ics and which type of support should be assured in the implementation phase of a business t ran formation project?" The targeted business domain is any business environment that us es: 1) Internet, automation and engineering technologies; and 2) frequent transform ation iterations. For this phase of research, the sub-question (hypothesis #1-2) is: "W hat is the impact of the 9/11 terrorist event on global finance?". E-Leader Warsaw 2018 Critical Success Areas and Factors Critical Success Area (CSA) is a category of Critic al Success Factors (CSF) where in turn a CSF is a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), where a KPI corresponds to a single requirement. CSFs for a BTP or a business environme nt are a limited number of business sub-areas in which values are satisfactory if ensur i g successful competitive business performance. CSFs reflect performance areas that ma p to strategic goals and defined financial constraints. The BTP must select the right CSFs in order to survive and to prepare for competition. For that goal the BTP must find the Cr itical Success Areas (CSAs) that require constant and special care in real-time; in addition o that, it needs important attention from the business environment's executive management. Critic al success factors for any business are the limited number of areas in which results, if th ey meet business goals, would ensure successful competitive performance for the organiza tion. Therefore, CSFs reflect performance areas that must meet strategic goals an d the defined societal and financial constraints, if a sane business future is desired f or the target business environment. Measurements are used to evaluate performance in ea ch CSA, where CSFs can be internal and/or external; like for example: 1) geopolitical gaps analysis CSF; and 2) the role of resources like oil CSF; and many others. The Environment's method is to select the CSA category and the corresponding CSFs that are to be used to audit the strategic societal objectives [34]. Once the initial set of CSFs has b een identified, then the BTP has to use the decision-making module to verify the CSFs and to gi ve them the right weightings. The analystsshould identify an initial set of CSFs to b e used for the performance measurement system. Hence CSFs are the most important mapping/r elation between influence factor sets and decision-making systems; that all defines the S TP[6][7]. Neural networks-oriented system The Environment's Decision making (Dm) module is conceptually based on a mixed method combining Action Research (AR), tree heuristics and directed quantitative analysis. The authors believe that qualitative and quantitative m thods can be united in a single method. AR is applied in education research and this fact s upports the BTP's capability to build finance and business intelligence microartefacts in a continuous learning process. This process inspects and learns from configurable intel ligent risk and financial microartefacts that are found in the decision-making subsystem. The dec ision-making subsystem is generic and can be applied to any financial field and is consid ere to be easily adaptable; where its basic neural networks algorithm is based on: 1) Neural Ne tworks and Enterprise Architecture's (NNEA) concept; and 2) Agnostic Implementation Envi ronment (AIE). These components are all parts of the decision-making module and the y all support the transformation process by building specialized risk and finance microartef acts, where these microartefacts are instances of building blocks [35][36]. The unfortun ate 9/11 terrorist attack was not the first collective suicide attack, in fact it was preceded by many other similar actions in Paris, Beirut, Cairo, Bagdad, Nairobi, etc... [8]. The origins of terrorism and the pre 9/11 events The roots of the te


Objective:To study the relationship of serum β-carotene and immune function in patients with lung cancer.Methods:The preoperative serum β-carotene were determined by spectrophotometry in 55 patients with lung cancer,and 54 healthy people as a control group;the T-lymph subsets,NK activity,lymphocyte transformation rate and sIL-2R were measured with allergical erythrocyte garland by monoclonal antibody, 3H-TdR and ELISA respectively in 28 of the patients,and 30 of the healthy people as a control group.Results:The levels of serum β-carotene in lung cancer patients were obviously lower than that in healthy people,P0.05;the CD 3,CD 4,CD 4/CD 8,NK and lymphocyte transformation rate were significantly lower than that in healthy people,P0.01;there was a significantly positive relationship between the levels of serum β-carotene and CD 4,and negative correlationship between the levels of serum β-carotene and CD 8,sIL-2R.Conclusion:The low levels of serum β-carotene may not only reduce the antioxidation function in vivo,but affecting the immune function may be another risk factor of lung cancer.


There is a problem of insufficient reference tracking accuracy in servo system driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which limits its application. This paper aims to propose a modified error-driven preset-input least mean square adaptive filter (EPLMS-AF) to improve the tracking accuracy. The reference tracking error is used to drive the update of adaptive weights in EPLMS-AF. The designed preset-inputs makes the reference tracking error converge to zero according to the form of reference. On the premise of choosing an appropriate iteration size to ensure the stability of the filter, the tracking error is able to reduce to zero along the gradient direction. At last, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the high efficiency and wide applicability of the proposed method.


Recently, there has been much interest in the development of miniature blue solid-state lasers for a wide variety of applications. Approaches based on nonlinear frequency upconversion of IR lasers have previously concentrated on second harmonic generation in nonlinear crystals.


Liu et al. identify WDR91 as an important player in retromer-dependent recycling. WDR91 promotes the interaction of Rab7 with SNX-retromer components and interacts with FAM21, facilitating the formation of the endosomal retrieval subdomain.


visual perception does play a part in the earliest stages of reading development. The evidence indicates that a child with a mental age of five to six years can perceive simple forms without great difficulty. The extent to which he can perceive the small differences between a number of similar shapes is open to question (Vernon, 1962). It also appears that his memories of combinations of shapes are, to an even greater extent, uncertain and unreliable (Vernon). Early studies by Gates (1926, 1939; Gates & Bond, 1936) found that a minimum of perceptual ability might be required for reading, but that the minimum was quite small. Since then, much research has been done in this area, and other investigators (Barrett, 1965; Davidson, 1931; Frostig, et a/., 1964; Goins, 1958; MacLatchy, 1946; Stuart, 1967) have reported a definite relationship bet ween reading achievement and visual perception. These differences in reported relationships have precipitated conflicts concerning not only the relationship of visual perception to reading achievement, but also the extent of perceptual skill needed and the specific skills involved (Olson, eta!., 1968). In 1958, Marianne Frostig began to develop a test that has since been revised and standardized on the basis of responses of over 2100 public school and nursery children. Frostig based the construction of the measure on her clinical observations and the works of Thurstone (1944), Wedell (1960), and Cruickshank (1957). She designated five abilities, which were presumed to be developmentally mutually exclusive. She did not assume that these five abilities were the only ones involved in visual perception, but Factor Analytic Studies of the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception


Use of a non-floating cassette in accordance with one of claims 7 to 12 in a slab or slab (1) of reinforced concrete with caskets with ribs (5) of concrete arranged between cassettes (2) and with a reinforcement layer (3 ) on the cassettes (2) and an armor layer (4) under the cassettes (2), where the concrete (30) has at least one concrete crossbar (7) on the concrete rib (5), in concrete a double head support, where the double head support is arranged inclined, where the double head support is arranged in the vicinity of the intersection point of the perpendicular with the upper reinforcement layer (3) in a nerve knot of concrete up to the point of intersection of the perpendicular with the lower reinforcement layer (4) in an adjacent concrete knot, where at least one reinforcement rib (5) additionally has a double head support, inclined in the direction contrary to the first so double head bearing, so that the two form a cross-shaped armor of crossbars.


Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in aerospace, transportation and other fields due to its excellent material properties. In order to improve the adhesive bond strength of CFRP composites, surface treatment is particularly important. In this study, femtosecond laser was used to treat the surface of aerospace high modulus CFRP composites, and the changes of resin removal and micro/nano structure of carbon fiber with laser fluence were investigated. It was found that the improvement of wettability was more favorable under the condition of removing the ablated resin and forming the complete micro/nano structure on the surface of carbon fiber. Through optimization, changing the laser fluence used in surface treatment, the water contact angle of the treated surface was reduced from 111.9° to 7.5°, greatly increasing the hydrophilicity of the surface, significantly enhancing the ductility of the surface liquid, which is expected to promote the flow and penetration of the adhesive on the surface, and further enhance the bond strength.


The mechanisms of iron (Fe) and transferrin (Tf) uptake by the human melanoma cell line, SK‐MEL‐28, have been investigated using chelators and metabolic probes. These data provide evidence for two saturable processes of Fe uptake from Tf, namely, specific receptor‐mediated endocytosis and a second nonspecific, non‐receptor‐mediated mechanism which saturated with respect to Fe uptake at a Tf concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ml. In contrast to Fe uptake, Tf uptake increased linearly up to at least 1 mg/ml. Furthermore, under the culture conditions used, the second nonspecific, non‐receptor‐mediated mechanism was the most important process in terms of quantitative Fe uptake. Two concentrations of Tf‐125I‐59 Fe (0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml) were used in order to characterise the specific and nonspecific Fe uptake pathways. Membrane permeable chelators were equally effective at both Tf concentrations, whereas membrane impermeable chelators were significantly (P < 0.001) more effective at reducing the internalisation of Fe at the higher Tf concentration, consistent with a mechanism of Fe uptake which occurred at a site in contact with the extracellular medium. The oxidoreductase inhibitor, amiloride, only slightly inhibited Fe uptake at the higher Tf concentration, suggesting that the second nonspecific process was not mediated by a diferric Tf reductase. Three lysosomotrophic agents and the endocytosis inhibitor, phenylglyoxal, markedly reduced Fe uptake at both Tf concentrations, and it is concluded that a saturable process consistent with receptor‐mediated endocytosis of Tf occurred at the lower Tf concentration, while the predominant mechanism of Fe uptake at high Tf concentrations was a second saturable process consistent with adsorptive pinocytosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


An infrared (CO2) laser micropyrolysis system for analyzing organic matter in rock was developed and applied to a Green River shale sample. A series of n-alkanes (C8‐C 33), isoprenoids (C 18‐C 20), triterpenoids (C 27 ‐C 31 ), and steranes (C 27 ‐C 29 ), as well as β-carotane (C 40 ), were detected as the main compounds in the laser pyrolysates without serious degradation. These results indicate that infrared laser micropyrolysis is superior to short-wavelength laser micropyrolysis in determining the original molecular composition of organic matter in a rock sample. By comparing the infrared laser pyrolysates with the solvent-extractable organic matter from the shale and the conventional flash pyrolysates of the macromolecules (kerogen) in the rock, we concluded that the infrared laser pyrolysates come from thermal evaporation of solventextractable organic compounds and pyrolytic fragmentation of the macromolecules. Roughly equal amounts of the thermal extracts of bitumen in the sample and the pyrolysis products were produced under the experimental conditions.


Shadow removing is a key issue for moving objects detection in a surveillance systems. However, few research address this problem by a learning strategy. In this paper, we present a multi-resolution classification method to remove shadows from the object detection result. Because the number of samples which denote the shadow and object is reasonably large, we adopt a coarse-to fine strategy during the classification process. By partitioning feature space into hypercubes according to different resolutions, we train a group of classifiers which can label the samples for testing from coarse to fine. Support Vector Machines are chosen in the process of training and the hypercubes which represent support vectors are subdivided in order to generate the sample set intended for training in a higher resolution. Because of the conglomeration property of the samples to be tested, we can label most of the samples using the simple classifiers trained at low resolution. In some cases, the method presented in this paper can reduce the computational complex of the classification algorithm. Finally, experimental results have substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Long-term Hydrological Impact Assessment(L-THA) model is one of the important non-point models to study the impacts of human activities on non-point source in watersheds.In this study,we elaborate the theory of L-THIA model,investigate the methods of SCS CN and pollutant loads.On this basis,we put forward the shortage of model and the improvement and then re-develop and improve this model using ArcMap.The re-developed model consists of six modules,including the module of land use classification,the module of soil classification,the module of calculating CN,the module of calculating runoff depth,the module of calculating runoff volume and the module of calculating the load of pollution.The L-THIA model of using ArcMap can be more convenient in the processing of data,improve the accuracy,and achieve the purpose of model of localized.


Kawai T, Benedict Cosimi A. Induction of tolerance in clinical kidney transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2010: 24 (Suppl. 22): 2–5. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


This paper mainly studies the optimal timing of banks' writing-off decision to the non-recourse mortgage loans after they become non-performing loans with the approach of real option.The disposal opportunity possessed by bank to non-performing loans(NPL) can be regarded as a real option.By the way of stochastic dynamic programming,the value of the real option can be obtained and the optimal write-off timing can be determined.The result shows that reinvestment return and loss rate are the key factors to the disposal of the NPL.In the dynamic setting,it is rational for banks to defer writing-off their NPL.If government would promote banks to write off their NPL,it can be realized by means of financial assistance,which may rapidly change the reinvestment return and the loss rate.


Over the past five years, the National Archives of Canada has committed substantial time and resources in implementing a revised approach to its appraisal of the records of the Government of Canada. The changes have altered both procedures and the day-to-day work of many staff. The institution is still exploring the implications of the new approach, which is having an impact on such diverse matters as the archiving of electronic records, permissions to destroy non-archival records, the monitoring of records and records systems still in institutions, and the management of an all-inclusive media approach. It affects as well the theory and content of the research carried out to set acquisition priorities and the negotiations with government institutions concerning their records. This article is intended to serve as a progress report on recent appraisal theory and practice at the National Archives, for those who might wish to assess its efficacy or avoid its errors.'


The physical basis of the radiative transfer theory is the ray approximation that causes spatial singularities in the solution of the vectorial radiative transfer equation (VRTE). It is possible to formulate an equation upon the analysis of the angular spectrum of the Stokes vector | the modiflcation of the spherical harmonics method (MSH). The MSH is an approximate solution of the VRTE that includes the solution singularities together with the anisotropic part. The source function built upon the MSH does not change the form of the VRTE boundary problem for the regular smooth part. The regular part of the boundary problem is solved using the discrete ordinates method. The same method allows to obtain exact analytical solutions for the discretized VRTE in the matrix form and to describe the vertical heterogeneity of the slab through the division of the complete radiation stream upon the descending and ascending ones and thus to include the symmetry of the VRTE boundary problem in case of the plane unidirectional source. For the interpretation of results the increased measurement precision of the optical remote sens- ing systems demands the development of the solution methods of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) without any prior limitations on the medium properties taking into account the polarization of radiation (1). Since the measurements are carried out for the huge number of spectral ranges (hy- perspectral systems) one of the major requests to the RTE solution algorithms is the computational speed. All the numerical methods of RTE solution are based on the substitution of the scattering integral by the flnal sum (2). The ray approximation underlying RTE generates inevitably the singularities in the spatially | angular radiance distribution: any break in the boundary conditions spreads deeply into the medium. The presence of singularities in the radiance angular distribution doesn't allow conducting the scattering integral replacement by the flnal sum (3). For the angular -- singularity elimination Chandrasekhar ofiered (4) to subtract the direct non-scattered radiation and to state the boundary value problem for the difiused radiation. However all the scattering media (let it be the atmosphere or the ocean) have the suspended particles with the size much larger than light wavelength that according to G. Mie theory gives strong anisotropic light scattering on them. In these conditions the scattered radiation is indistinguishable from the direct radiation and Chandrasekhar method loses its efiectiveness. In the series of articles the procedure of the phase scattering function smoothing is ofiered (2), however it is equal to the neglect of the coarse aerosol fraction from analysis. This problem becomes especially nagging at transferring to RTE solution for the media with 3D geometry, where the radiance angular distribution has the hyperbolic and logarithmic singularities in the flrst two orders of scattering along with the --singularity in the direct radiation (5). In the paper (6) the difierent solution approach of the singularities elimination problem in the radiance spatially | angular distribution or in the more general case of the polarized radiation of Stokes vector is ofiered. The approach (6) is based on the derivation of the approximated equation describing the solution anisotropic part, including all the singularities, and on the statement of the boundary value problem for the rest smooth regular part. The simplest way to formulate the separation of the solution anisotropic part is analyzing the radiance angular spectrum, which should be monotonically slowly descending for the anisotropic component.


. ' fifteen-year-old by S('('fl iii coitsuiltation in ( )ctoher 1950. He %V:LS iiiitnol )ilize(1 in bed I )V t IIC INtiui of a. t('tis('ly .S%VOlleul knee ivliicli leo 1 I et'n inj ure(l tl ' (lay before vhile playing foot I :tll lie could not recount the mechanism of the injury, as it ii:ttl occurred in a pil('It ) (If Play('rS. TIle knee ivas diffusely tentler to .soine degree, hut t'xtjuiisitelv so at. the iiie(Iial epicondyle of tile fetnuir atid a short (listailce tlisttl to that l)oiiit . 'Flare %v:tS no ol IVI(I(iS tlt'forinitv auitl the skiui was tinbrokeni . 1 A)eiitgenOgr:tn1S of the knee i 're iit'gat ive ( Figs. 1 -.\. :( ii( I 1 Ii ) . tt'iit at i vu' ( Iiagno.sis


In order to study child safety in cars, international literature was reviewed with respect to road vehicle transportation for children, with the focus being on the age up to 12 years. The review in ...


Background Although high dose of antimony is the mainstay for treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), ongoing major concerns remain over its toxicity. Whether or not low dose antimony regimens provide non-inferior effectiveness and lower toxicity has long been a question of dispute. Methods A single-blind, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing high dose with low dose of antimony in subjects with ACL treated at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, an endemic area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis transmission. The primary outcome was clinical cure at 360 days of follow-up in the modified-intention-to-treat (mITT) and per-protocol (PP) populations. Non-inferiority margin was 15%. Secondary objectives included occurrence of epithelialization, adverse events and drug discontinuations. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01301924. Results Overall, 72 patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms during October 2008 to July 2014. In mITT, clinical cure was observed in 77.8% of subjects in the low dose antimony group and 94.4% in the high dose antimony group after one series of treatment (risk difference 16.7%; 90% CI, 3.7–29.7). The results were confirmed in PP analysis, with 77.8% of subjects with clinical cure in the low dose antimony group and 97.1% in the high dose antimony group (risk difference 19.4%; 90% CI, 7.1–31.7). The upper limit of the confidence interval exceeded the 15% threshold and was also above zero supporting the hypothesis that low dose is inferior to high dose of antimony after one series of treatment. Nevertheless, more major adverse events, a greater number of adverse events and major adverse events per subject, and more drug discontinuations were observed in the high dose antimony group (all p<0.05). Interestingly, of all the subjects who were originally allocated to the low dose antimony group and were followed up after clinical failure, 85.7% achieved cure after a further treatment with local therapy or low dose of antimony. Conclusions Compared with high dose, low dose of antimony was inferior at the pre-specified margin after one series of treatment of ACL, but was associated with a significantly lower toxicity. While high dose of antimony should remain the standard treatment for ACL, low dose antimony treatment might be preferred when toxicity is a primary concern.


Software reliability is essential for tactical military systems, such as the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS). It is an embedded, real-time military application, which performs real-time detection, location, classification and tracking of moving and fixed objects on the ground. A software quality model can make timely predictions of reliability indicators. These enable one to improve software development processes by targeting reliability improvement techniques more effectively and efficiently. This paper presents a case study of a large subsystem of JSTARS to improve integration and testing. The dependent variable of a logistic regression model was the class of a module: either fault-prone or not. Measures of the process history of each module were the independent variables. The case study supports our hypothesis that the likelihood of discovering additional faults during integration and testing can be usefully modeled as a function of the module history prior to integration. This history is readily available by combining data from the project's configuration management system and problem-reporting system.


ABSTRACT This overview of recent work drawing on the theories of terror management and symbolic immortality suggests practical ways of helping the terminally ill to cope with death anxiety and its potential effects. The literature review shows that parenthood can act as an anxiety buffer mechanism against the fear of death but that individual differences, including attachment avoidance, moderate this association. Encounters with adult patients' offspring may help minimize fear of death, improve coping, and increase quality of life and emotional well-being. Practical suggestions for psychologists, social workers and physicians are presented.


Salivary gland tumours present a pleomorphic and complex morphology and, apart from the most common neoplasms with well-established histopathological criteria, may create diagnostic difficulty for histopathologists. The majority of salivary gland tumours occur in the parotid gland and the use of ultrasound guided parotid biopsy (US-PB) has increased. US-PB in contrast to fine needle aspiration (FNA), which is an easy and relatively painless technique, is performed under local anaesthesia, usually by radiologists. US-PB offers some advantages over the FNA such as tumour grading and the possibility of performing immunohistochemistry. We report our experience of the diagnostic value of US-PB in a large, referral centre in the United Kingdom.


In the present study, dynamic potential of Methyl-jasmonate (Me-JA) in seedlings of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. was explored under copper stress. Methyl jasmonate is a plant growth regulator which has been studied to shield the plant from various types of stresses. Our study first time reports the defensive effect of Me-JA under copper stress in C. cajan seedlings. Me-JA declined lipid peroxidation significantly which was upto sophisticated level in seedlings grown in Cu stress alone without Me-JA treatment. Copper stress increased the antioxidant potential which is also increased in seedlings supplemented with Me-JA. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT were increased in Me-JA pre-sowing soaking treatments as well as under Cu stress. However, in Me-JA treated seedling grown under Cu stress activities of SOD, POD and CAT showed less increase. Non-enzymatic antioxidants like Vitamin A, C and E also increased in Me-JA treated seedlings with or without Cu stress. However, decrease in root length was seen in Me-JA untreated seedlings grown in Cu stress as compared to the control seedlings grown in distilled water while Me-JA treated seedlings grown in Cu stress condition show increased root length. An increase in shoot length was observed in Me-JA treated seedlings grown in Cu stress as untreated seedlings.


The relationship of relative humidity and autogenous shrinkages of reactive powder concrete(with compressive strength of 200 MPa) with ages were investigated detailed. Further, some measurements were employed to attempt to improve the self-desiccation effect of systems.


In 12 hospitalized patients with hypertension, clonidine 3 times a day led to better control of blood pressure than did the same total dose administered once daily. Compared to the uniform control of blood pressure on divided dose regimen, the single daily 8 p.m. dose led to wider fluctuations and inadequate control 18 hr after dosing. However, 10 of the 12 patients preferred the single daily dose at 8:00 p.m. to the divided dose regimen because of no drowsiness during the day. In 2 patients administration of clonidine twice daily resulted in better control of blood pressure than that du ring the single or thrice‐daily dose regimens. Since there appeared to be a correlation between the dose and the duration of adequate blood pressure control, administration of clonidine twice a day with a larger dose at bedtime and a sm aller dose before noon could limit unwanted drowsiness and combine the convenience of less frequent dosing with superior blood pressure control.


The invention discloses an adjustable tandem circulating device for a CO2 heat pump. The circulating device comprises a throttle valve, an evaporator and a compressor which are sequentially connected, wherein a first condenser and a second condenser are connected in series between the compressor and the throttle valve to form a circulating loop, wherein CO2 is used as the circulating medium; the first condenser is connected to a water supply system; the second condenser is connected to an air-conditioning system; a fifth valve is arranged between the water inlet of the first condenser and thewater outlet of the second condenser; a sixth valve is arranged between the water outlet of the first condenser and the water outlet of the second condenser; the evaporator is connected to a heat-exchange system; a first bypass and a second bypass are connected between the second condenser and the heat-exchange system; a third bypass and a fourth bypass are connected between the evaporator and the air-conditioning system; and valves are respectively arranged on the first bypass, the second bypass, the third bypass and the fourth bypass. Accordingly, by setting the on/off state of each valve, the invention can achieve the refrigeration, heating and domestic hot water supply for a traditional air conditioner. Therefore, the invention is widely applicable to housing and production.


This paper presents fully analog noise-resilient dynamical systems for storing a binary sequence. The proposed dynamical system is a gradient descent dynamical system based on a potential energy function defined based on a parity check matrix of a binary linear code. We assume that the dynamical system operates with stochastic disturbances such as thermal noises. We formulate the whole system, including stochastic disturbances, using stochastic differential equations (SDE). From a discretized stochastic difference equation, i.e., the Euler-Maruyama equation, we can study the covariance evolution of error vectors regarding the random walk of the system state around an equilibrium state. Some numerical evaluations for the (7,4) Hamming code and related codes indicate the robustness of the proposed dynamical system against the stochastic disturbances.


Relay drones in delay-tolerant applications are dispatched to remote locations in order to gather data transmitted by a source node. Collected data are stored on the drones and delivered to one or multiple bases. This paper considers two schemes for broadcasting data to drones when feedback channels are not available: a data carousel and systematic random linear network coding (RLNC). We propose a theoretical framework for the calculation of the probability that a base will fully or partially recover the transmitted data and the probability that all involved bases will successfully obtain the data, when the bases are either isolated or interconnected. Theoretical results are validated through simulations. Design considerations are also discussed, including the relationship among the field size used by RLNC, the number of relay drones and the requirement for full data recovery or the retrieval of at least part of the data.


For those not familiar with the concept of self-efficacy, Fostering Self-Efficacy in Higher Education Students, by Laura Ritchie, provides an excellent introduction, while still proving immensely v...


The undertreatment of pain is a major health issue in the United States, with children, elderly, and minorities at risk. An in-depth interview survey was conducted of 1,000 persons living at home with pain due to a medical condition to assess their attitudes toward pain, medications, and their doctors, as well as to identify the size and scope of undertreatment. Sixty-one percent have experienced pain for at least five years. For 40% of these patients the pain is constant; for 60%, intermittent; for 49%, moderate; for 22%, severe. Ninety percent have seen a physician; 67% are presently under a doctor's care; 86% see the same clinician for the pain and its cause; 50% see a general practitioner or family physician (GP/FP); only 13% have seen a pain specialist. Twenty-one percent have been scored on a pain scale; in half (49%) of those who were scored, a numeric scale was used; a verbal scale was used in 22%. Forty-two percent say their prescription analgesic is less than very effective; 67% indicated that their daily lives have been altered by pain; 51% say they cannot remember what it feels like not to be in pain.


With the deep construction of informatization in the electric power industry, the numbers of integration services increases gradually, which results in the greater workloads for the enterprise service bus and the difficulty of service exception location and service state acquision. This paper presents an improved enterprise service bus model. The band width control module responsibility for reasonable allocation of bandwidth is added to the model, which can effectively schedule all kinds of business services. Further a service control module is adopted in the model, which uniformly manages service states and service exceptions, and measures quality of service and promotes continuous service optimization. The improved model can effectively promote information sharing and business integration between application systems.


Anatomy of the alimentary tract of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1817) (Pisces, Characidae, Salmininae). The alimentary tract of Salminus brasiliensis shows anatomic adaptations to its carnivorous, ichthyophagous feeding habit, particularly regarding the distensible esophagus and stomach, especially the caecal region, and the relatively short intestine. The great distensibility of the wall of the anterior intestine is due mainly to the pattern of the mucous membrane, which exhibits thick longitudinal folds. In the anterior intestine the transport of the food is facilitated by the longitudinal pattern of the mucous folds. In the esophagus and pyloric region, related to the propulsion of food to the net organ, the muscular tunica is more developed than in the rest of the alimentary tract. The pyloric constriction regulates the food fl ux to the middle intestine. Due to the pattern of mucous membrane of the middle and posterior intestines, in net form, the material being processed can be retained for a greater length of time. The intestinal effective absorption area is amplifi ed due to the tubular structure of the middle intestine, of the mucous intestinal folds, and the pyloric caeca. The alimentary tract of S. brasiliensis is similar in structure to that of other Salmininae and to the majority of the piscivorous Characiformes such as Acestrorhynchus britskii and A. lacustris, although in these two the ileum-rectal valve is found. It also differs from the alimentary tracts of Hoplias malabarius and H. lacerdae, in that the esophagus has variable caliber, the stomach possesses a wider cardia, and the intestinal arrangement is different from "N", besides the presence of the ileum-rectal valve.


OBJECTIVE
Decisions concerning the rehabilitation process and return to play (RTP) after cervical spine surgery in a general sporting population can be difficult and may be influenced by several factors. Moreover, no clear guidelines for this are currently available. The aim of this study was to create tentative guidelines for rehabilitation and RTP after cervical surgery in a general sporting population.

DESIGN
Five-step Delphi analysis.

SETTINGS
Primary, secondary, and tertiary medical practitioners.

PARTICIPANTS
Panel of Belgian neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, and physical and rehabilitation medicine practitioners.

ASSESSMENT
Round 1 (R1) was a brainstorm phase. A comprehensive list of answers from R1 was validated in round 2 (R2). In round 3 (R3), experts ranked these items in a chronological order. Contraindications and criteria to start each rehabilitation step were linked in round 4 (R4). In round 5 (R5), panelists ranked theses about contraindications and criteria on a 5-point Likert scale.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Theses scoring ≥10% "oppose" or "strongly oppose" were rejected.

RESULTS
The response rate was 100% (n = 15) for R1, 93% (n = 14) for R2, 73% (n = 11) for R3, 53% (n = 8) for R4, and 67% (n = 10) for R5. In R5, 25 theses on absolute and relative contraindications and criteria were endorsed.

CONCLUSIONS
This Delphi analysis resulted in contraindications and criteria for the rehabilitation process and RTP after cervical surgery in a general athletic population. Tentative guidelines and timetable are proposed. Key messages from these guidelines are (1) Rehabilitation should start before surgery with education; (2) Rehabilitation should be patient-tailored; and (3) An unstable arthrodesis is an absolute contraindication for RTP.


We have proposed a new type of simple detector pixel circuit and device structure for application of dielectric bolometer mode (DB) of infrared (IR) image sensor. The DB mode has merits such as uncooled room temperature operation, chopperless, low power dissipation, and high-sensitivity. A stable Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin film has been successfully developed as a dielectric bolometer material for IR detector by Metal-Organic-Decomposition (MOD) method. The film was prepared on both Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si-bulk and Pt/Ti/NSG/Si3N4/SiO2 membrane structures, where an IR light is detected at the membrane as a change in dielectric constant (e). So, the important issue for realizing a reliable IR sensor with high-sensitivity has been achieved to have a good thermal stability in e against change in the detector temperature. XRD patterns and D-E hysteresis curves were measured and revealed that the BST film has a good perovskite structure and shows an adequate ferroelectric loops, especially for final annealing temperature higher than 700 °C. Temperature Coefficient of Dielectric constant (TCD), which decides the IR sensitivity, of the MOD made BST film is about 1 %/K. The reproducibility in e, namely IR detector capacitance, was found to be very good in temperature ranging from about 10 to 80 °C within a relative change of 2 %. Finally, the stabilities in both the temperature dependence of e and the output level have been obtained with a fairly large IR detectivity, where voltage sensitivity(Rv) and specific detectivity(D*) were about 1.2 kV/W and 2.9e8 cmHz1/2/W, respectively.


Sign system we see at first in a special space like international airport stands for any image of certain country and works especially as a significant factor on improving any image of a country which foreign tourists can feel and see. In particular, it is important that special space of airport should well compose a common point of contact in communication to motivate a consensus between domestic and foreign people. Signs installed in shopping center are a determinant of local images, easy create crucial images of airport (e.g. esthetic images) as well as communication of visual information. It means that signs work functionally to facilitate exchange of information with domestic and foreign tourists, and create a series of images on airport through visual elements. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze potential cognitive effects of sign system at shopping center that tourists meet in Jeju International Airport, a future-oriented space and a typical face of Jeju Island, so that it seeks favorable future orientation of signs installed at shopping center within Jeju International Airport. In order to meet these goals, this study focused primarily on surveying smalland mediumsize shops that deal with products made in Jeju Island. Apart from duty free shops, this study dealt with survey on other shops distributed in any space attracting pedestrian population as well as passengers, because they are actual sites of signs shown from perspectives of visitors in the airport. Moreover, this study investigated information signs and identification signs required for photography or the like. As a result, it was found that most retail shops for specialty of Jeju Island in the Jeju International Airport, except for several shops with CI, had nominal signs that just work to deliver their name, but fail to embody any symbolism of local specialty in Jeju Island or express a sense of visual unification and esthetics. Hence, in order that Jeju International Airport takes its original presence of international signature airport, it is urgently demanded to introduce an integrated sign system that involves developing a concrete and correct manual to express and delineating the images of Jeju Island as a special tourism destination of Korea in favor of consistent sign


Summary. This study investigates sixth form students' understanding of "understanding" in the context of learning in chemistry. Thirty-nine randomly selected students of low, average and high school achievement and their six chemistry teachers were interviewed and their classes were observed. Two orientations toward understanding, the recognition of order within the subject matter (a coherence orientation) and the ability to recall relevant information (a knowledge orientation) formed the extremes of a continuum. A coherence orientation was linked with intrinsic assessment of understanding, which occurred when students recognised understanding for themselves. A knowledge orientation was linked with extrinsic assessment, in which students used feedback from tests or the teacher. It is argued that a coherence-intrinsic approach leads to understanding and could be taught. But an appropriate learning environment incorporating less teacher-direction, more opportunity for student research and student-student and student-teacher discussion and a less competitive atmosphere would be necessary.


Abstract Background: Questions remain regarding the sustainment of evidence-based practices following implementation. The present study examined the sustainment of community clinicians' implementation (i.e., penetration) of cognitive-behavioral therapy, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and knowledge of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety two years following training and consultation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety. Methods: Of the original 115 participants, 50 individuals (43%) participated in the two-year follow-up. A t-test examined sustainment in penetration over time. Hierarchical linear modeling examined sustainment in knowledge and attitudes over time. Time spent in consultation sessions was examined as a potential moderator of the change in knowledge and attitudes. Results: Findings indicated sustained self-reported penetration of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth, with low fidelity to some key CBT components (i.e., exposure tasks). Follow-up knowledge was higher than at baseline but lower than it had been immediately following the consultation phase of the study. Belief in the utility of evidence-based practices was sustained. Willingness to implement an evidence-based practice if required to do so, appeal of evidence-based practices, and openness toward evidence-based practices were not sustained. Participation in consultation positively moderated changes in knowledge and some attitudes. Conclusions: Sustainment varied depending on the outcome examined. Generally, greater participation in consultation predicted greater sustainment. Implications for future training include higher dosages of consultation. Abstract Background: Questions remain regarding the sustainment of evidence-based practices following implementation. The present study examined the sustainment of community clinicians ' implementation ( i.e ., penetration) of cognitive-behavioral therapy, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and knowledge of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety two years following training and consultation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety. Methods: Of the original 115 participants, 50 individuals (43%) participated in the two-year follow-up. A t- test examined sustainment in penetration over time. Hierarchical linear modeling examined sustainment in knowledge and attitudes over time. Time spent in consultation sessions was examined as a potential moderator of the change in knowledge and attitudes. Results: Findings indicated sustained self-reported penetration of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth, with low fidelity to some key CBT components ( i.e ., exposure tasks). Follow-up knowledge was higher than at baseline but lower than it had been immediately following the consultation phase of the study. Belief in the utility of evidence-based practices was sustained. Willingness to implement an evidence-based practice if required to do so, appeal of evidence-based practices, and openness toward evidence-based practices were not sustained. Participation in consultation positively moderated changes in knowledge and some attitudes. Conclusions: Sustainment varied depending on the outcome examined. Generally, greater participation in consultation predicted greater sustainment. Implications for future training include higher dosages of consultation.


In the domain of security, hardware device security becomes significant in recent times. Hardware security is not similar to cybersecurity, information security or software security. With the passage of time and awareness, the research area is converging towards hardware security. Many researchers are currently working on it. The research domain of this evolving field includes threats to hardware devices and components, vulnerabilities in hardware devices, detection mechanisms, and prevention measures. Working on Hardware Trojan insertion and detection techniques, in this paper we are proposing Frequency-based Hardware Trojan (FBHT) in FPGAs.


We present a calculation of the Detweiler redshift factor in binary black hole simulations based on its relation to the surface gravity. The redshift factor has far-reaching applications in analytic approximations, gravitational self-force calculations, and conservative two-body dynamics. By specializing to non-spinning, quasi-circular binaries with mass ratios ranging from $m_A/m_B = 1$ to $m_A/m_B = 9.5$ we are able to recover the leading small-mass-ratio (SMR) prediction with relative differences of order $10^{-5}$ from simulations alone. The next-to-leading order term that we extract agrees with the SMR prediction arising from self-force calculations, with differences of a few percent. These deviations from the first-order conservative prediction are consistent with non-adiabatic effects that can be accommodated in an SMR expansion. This fact is also supported by a comparison to the conservative post-Newtonian prediction of the redshifts. For the individual redshifts, a re-expansion in terms of the symmetric mass ratio $\nu$ does not improve the convergence of the series. However we find that when looking at the sum of the redshift factors of both back holes, $z_A + z_B$, which is symmetric under the exchange of the masses, a re-expansion in $\nu$ accelerates its convergence. Our work provides further evidence of the surprising effectiveness of SMR approximations in modeling even comparable mass binary black holes.


With the rapidly growing demand for corporate information from the external stakeholders, the Internet is a crucial instrument for meeting the required information. The web-based disclosure is an improvised version of the traditional form of disclosure with enhanced technology. In spite of that, web-based disclosure is the most prevalent form of business communication, and the accessibility of corporate information on webpages is a concern area for the organization. Thus, this article is an attempt to study the web accessibility of corporate information disclosed by 100 large BSE listed Indian companies and also to identify the firm determinants that affect the web accessibility of corporate information. The study reveals that the web-accessibility of the company website is increased with company size and company listing age. It also shows that companies with a low market risk have more concerns for the web accessibility of corporate information. The results of the study are helpful for the organizations to make policies for the advancement of web accessibility on the webpages.


Mainly aimed at a large warmhearted pressing piece of our company produced,expounded large warmhearted pressing dies pattern physical design and blank shaped and the realization process of large extruding piece.Finally demonstrated right quality of this composition and warmhearted press scheme.


The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation and survival. MAPKs' protein kinases MEK1/2 serve as important targets in drug designing against cancer. The natural compounds' flavonoids are known for their anticancer activity. This study aims to explore flavonoids for their inhibition ability, targeting MEK1 using virtual screening, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Flavonoids (n = 1289) were virtually screened using molecular docking and have revealed possible inhibitors of MEK1. The top five scoring flavonoids based on binding affinity (highest score for MEK1 is −10.8 kcal/mol) have been selected for further protein–ligand interaction analysis. Lipinski's rule (drug-likeness) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity predictions were followed to find a good balance of potency. The selected flavonoids of MEK1 have been refined with 30 (ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The five selected flavonoids are strongly suggested to be promising potent inhibitors for drug development as anticancer therapeutics of the therapeutic target MEK1.


We provide new a-priori estimates for classical Navier-Stokes equations as well as non-Newtonian fluids of power law type with right-hand sides that are not in the natural existence class. The estimates for the Navier-Stokes equation follows by a newly developed comparison method. For the estimates we make use of a newly developed solenoidal Lipschitz truncation (more explicit a relative truncation) that preserves zero boundary values. The estimates imply respective existence results for very weak right hand sides.


In the high-power traction system, such as rail transit, the switching frequency is relatively low. The bandwidth of the current controller and the frequency of the injected signal are both limited under low switching frequency, which hinders the sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in the zero- and low-speed regions. This article presents an IPMSM sensorless control for zero- and low-speed regions under low switching frequency conditions based on the fundamental model. The position can be estimated from the estimated virtual back electromotive force (EMF) with sinusoidal current injection. An internal model control (IMC) and a vector PI (VPI) control are designed to solve the problem of current controller bandwidth limitation. The multiple adaptive filters (AFs) based on the second-order second-order generalized integrator (SO-SOGI) are designed to eliminate the harmonics related to the injection frequency and the fundamental frequency in the stationary frame (SF) to improve the control performance. Meanwhile, the proposed sensorless control strategy is extended from the SF to the rotating frame (RF), which is easier to implement. The rotor position and speed are estimated by a third-order supertwisting extended state observer. The effectiveness of both proposed strategies is verified by experiments.


Anisotropy of the critical current density and the flux jump are studied experimentally by the measurement of the hysteresis losses in Nb–Ti–Zr wires. The axial critical current density determined from the hysteresis loss corresponds to that obtained from direct measurement by resistive transition, but the circular critical current density dces not. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current density differs in both cases. Anisotropy of the flux jump is also observed. These features can be explained as due to a highly anisotropic defect structure introduced in the wire drawing.


In wireless communication, compressed vision information may suffer from kinds of degradation, which dramatically influences the final visual quality. In this paper, a compressed vision information restoration method is proposed based on two explored vision priors: 1) the cloud prior and 2) the local prior. The cloud prior can be obtained from the nature images set in the cloud, and fields of experts is used to formulate the statistical character of the nature image contents as a high order Markov random field. The local prior is achieved from the degraded image itself, and K-SVD is adopted to model the sparse and redundant representation characters of nature images. These priors are effectively comprised in the proposed vision information restoration method. The relation between the quantization parameter and the optimal configuration of the prior models is further analyzed. In addition, an enhanced quantization constrained projection algorithm is proposed to refine the high frequency components. We extend this paper to compressed video restoration for H.264/AVC and the experiment results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reproduce higher quality images compared with conventional H.264/AVC.


The following paper entails the design and development of a voice-based authentication system for Linux. The proposed system is text-dependent in nature. The system will verify a user based on his particular voice input and will give him access to a PC running on Linux. The system has two main modules -- the speaker verification module and the login module. The speaker verification module is responsible for verifying a valid user. The speaker verification module is inspired by the principles of immune system and the entire verification task is being modeled into an immune engineering framework. The speaker-recognition system is implemented on Python programming language, thus providing a free software approach for development. The login module deals with logging a verified user to a PC, which is implemented using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). The developed system is deployed in less noise surroundings over a personal computer with in-built microphone.


In order to enhance the performance of driving circuit for fuel injection solenoid valves of electronically controlled assembly pump,a new driving module with dual voltage automatically switched two phase pulse width modulation(PWM) current-limiting control function was designed on the basis of analysis and experiments.The actual measurements in the pump bench test show that for the solenoid valve of working current of 18A,quick driving current response and low power consumption can be achieved at high voltage 100V and its acting time 290μs.It is proved that both driving current waving and pulse jamming are lowest when PWM frequency of 100kHz is taken.And the driving current drop delay time is shortened over 10 times,when using the TVS diode in return of after-flow circuit than using common one.


In this article, the author used 10-years' worth of data of glucoses and prominent lifestyle details such as diet and exercise to address his glucose trend pattern analysis and progressive lifestyle behavior modifications. This progressive lifestyle behavior modification is closely related to behavior psychology. The research methodology used is the GH-Method: math-physical medicine (MPM) approach which has been developed by the author over the past decade. This "Progressive Behavior Modification" concept is also a part of his Mentality-Personality Modeling (MPM). He addresses the quantitative linkage between the physiological phenomena for diabetes and obesity along with the behavior psychological influences of a patient with chronic diseases. Food and exercise are important elements of alternative medicine that serve as the major influential factors in controlling glucose and weight, not medications.


The authors of this article present the findings of a longitudinal research carried out in the years 2007 and 2008 in a production and service company active in the food & beverages industry. The goal of the research was to identify the one model of organizational culture perceived by the employees as the most appropriate for an efficient implementation of a quality management system. The research method used was the enquiry based on the questionnaire. The methodological means chosen was the Culture Type Identification Questionnaire developed by Charles Handy (1983) based on the typology elaborated by Roger Harrison. The analysis and interpretation of the obtained data converge towards the more general thesis according to which the diagnosis of the pre-existing culture type in a changing organization, correlated with the identification of the model the employees strive for, facilitates the process of adopting a new attitudinal, cognitive and behavioral pattern, in a relatively homogeneous and tension-free approach. Specifically, the research has confirmed the hypothesis according to which the type of task-oriented culture is more appropriate with the quality management desiderata, and the transition from an entrepreneurial culture to a quality-oriented corporative one strongly depends on what the employees perceive as being the real and the ideal state, and not on a formal infusion of values, norms, principles, policies or organizational strategies.


A multilayer film comprising: a stack of recurring units wherein each recuring unit has at least one extruded microlayer of a first thermoplastic material and further wherein the first thermoplastic material forms a barrier against oxygen wherein the film has a total thickness of between 10 and 2500 mu m. If more than one microlayer is contained within each unit, then the microlayers may be coextruded together. Specifically, the barrier microlayer may be selected from among EVOH, polyketones, PA6, MXD6, PVDC, LCP, polyvinyl alcohol ("PVOH") or any other like barrier material against oxygen.


Although many new wells are used in the rural drinking water since China started the rural drinking water safety project,it has many limitations and problems.This paper aims to investigate whether drinking water in rural areas of Shuangyashan City in Heilongjiang Province of China meet rural drinking water quality standard.The result reveals that rural drinking water quality is unsafe in the study region.Water quality sensory indexes including chromaticity and turbidity,chemical indexes include errum(Fe) and manganese(Mn),toxicology such as arsenic(As),microbiology indicators including coliforms and total bacterial exceeds normal regulations limit values defined by the drinking water quality healthy standard GB 5749-2006 with percentages of 6%,20%,47% 35%,8%,12% and 6%,respectively.Unsafe water quality is due to geological structure and hydrogeological conditions as well as direct drinking of deep well water.Some Suggestions are put forward to make sure the rural drinking water safety and healthy,including increasing the rural drinking water treatment facilities,disinfection facilities and water quality inspection equipments.


Performance expression of Western music is characterized by complex phenomena. Performers themselves find it difficult to objectively describe the causality of score directions and instrument operation. Thus, in this study, we propose a method that can help identify the factors contributing to the expression of performances. Specifically, we use a modeling method to describe the relationship between an expression and the factors causing it by associating the feature quantities of an expression with a combination of simple directions retrieved from the score. We then systematically structure contributory factors by classifying the expressive tendencies of these models using criteria related to score directions. The method also defines the degrees to which these directions contribute to performance expressions. In addition, it allows for the application of standard multivariate analysis techniques to comparative analyses of the relationship between expressions and directions in performances. The findings contribute to the objective understanding of factors emphasized by performers to control expressions in their performances and can be extended to future research with diverse conditions.


Movement analyses treat middle on a par with passive formation: both involve syntactic movement of the object to subject position, and a syntactically active agent. A & S s evidence goes against the purported unaccusativity of the middle verb, and the syntactic activity of the agent. They instead maintain that the English and Dutch middle are derived presyntactically by suppressing the agent and base-generating the patient in subject position. The empirical evidence A & S adduce in support of their nonmovement analysis is compelling. I see, however, no a priori reason to assume that the same facts obtain in all languages. In this paper I focus on the Greek counterpart of (1), given in (2):i