Background: Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are lagomorphs belonging to the Leporidae family. They are an important source for humans feeding industry and widely used in laboratory experiments. In the biomedical investigation fi eld, the rabbit contributes for the production of several scientifi c studies. Since information about the rabbit's morphology is rare, especially what refers to abdominal vascularization, this work had the objective to systematize and describe the parietal collateral and terminal branches of the abdominal aorta in New Zealand rabbits. Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen male and sixteen female New Zealand young adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used. Animals were euthanized with T 61, administered via an intrapulmonary injection. Skin was removed, thoracic cavity opened in plastron, thoracic aorta cannulated, according to blood fl ow, and the two cranial and caudal cava veins sectioned near the heart. System was washed with saline solution and heparin and fi lled with red latex. Animals remained immersed in running water, for 90 min, and the trunk was transversally sectioned, near the last thoracic vertebra. The abdominal cavity remained closed and formaldehyde was administered via an intraperitoneal injection. Samples were fi xed in formaldehyde for seven days, the abdominal cavity opened, the viscera removed in block and the arteries dissected. Schematic drawings of every preparation were made-up and the parietal and terminal branches of the abdominal aorta systematized. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using percentage values. The direct parietal collateral branches of the abdominal aorta were the lumbar arteries, while the indirect collateral branches were the cranial phrenic, phrenicoabdominal and deep iliac circunfl ex arteries. The terminal branches of the abdominal aorta were the right and left common iliac arteries, and each one gave off the internal iliac artery and continued as external iliac artery. The median sacral artery was not considered a terminal branch like in other mammals, but a collateral branch. Discussion: In nutria, from six to eight single lumbar arteries were given off from the dorsal surface of the abdominal aorta. In this study, it was observed that almost every lumbar arteries were single, except for the fi rst vessel, which in 50% of the cases was double. The literature does not describe the formation of the phrenicoabdominal artery, in the rabbit. The cranial abdominal artery was described as a branch of the corresponding renal artery, and the caudal phrenic artery was given off from the dorsal surface of the abdominal aorta or sometimes, together with the last dorsal intercostal artery. In our study, it was observed that the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal arteries were collateral branches of the phrenicoabdominal artery, which was a branch of the renal artery. The median sacral artery, in nutria, was originated from the dorsal surface, cranially to the aorta's bifurcation, being considered a collateral branch like observed in rabbits. As opposed to nutria, in which the deep iliac circunfl ex artery was branch of the external iliac artery, in the rabbit it was generally a branch of the common iliac artery. In rabbits, the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta, the common iliac arteries and the internal and external iliac arteries, were similar to literature's reports in rats and in nutria.


THE TEMPERATURE OF THE PRODUCT IS CRUCIAL FOR EFFICIENT HIGH SPEED SLICING. IF THE TEMPERATURE IS TOO LOW, THE BACON SHATTERS AND IF IT IS TOO HIGH IT TEARS AND STICKS. THE OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE DEPENDS UPON THE SALT CONTENT, THE MATURATION TIME AND THE TYPE OF MACHINE. THE AUTHORS SHOW HOW THE SLICING TEMPERATURE WAS DETERMINED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE OPTIMUM YIELD AND HOW THE REQUIRED TEMPERATURE WAS REACHED MORE UNIFORMLY AND MORE RAPIDLY WITH A TWO-STAGE PROCESS THAN WITH THE SINGLE-STAGE ONE. THE CAPITAL COST WAS RECOVERED IN A SINGLE YEAR.


Data quality audits help ensure that the data collected through animal health surveillance systems is accurate and reliable. This is essential for making informed decisions about disease control and prevention strategies. It's also important to monitor, determine and describe the monthly data quality audit and related gaps as well as to generate recommendations. The monthly data quality audit was conducted in the Oromia regional state in Meta woreda from June 2023 to July 2023, Ethiopia. From the total 78 DOVAR format which are expected to be sent every month in the past six years and six month until these month included, only 65 reports were found in the woreda office. These available reports were assessed against the key data quality indicators. There were only 7.7 % (5/65) five outbreaks (Two Lump Skin Disease, One Peste des Petits Ruminants, one New Castle Disease and one Ovine Pasteurellosis. The rest of the reports (92.3%) are zero reports. It was reported that through the usual informal way to the woreda and the woreda veterinarians conducted field investigation. Out of sixty five reviewed reports 3.1% (2/65) have missing data while 50.8% (33/65) have a problem of accuracy. On the other hand 13.85% (9/65) of reports have a problem of timeliness. The surveillance data of the woreda have the problem of completeness, accuracy and timeliness. The woreda doesn't make an effort to identify missing data, errors and the timeliness of the reports. The lack of clear objectives for data collection and inadequate training in local veterinary clinics further hinders collaboration and results in poor data on DOVARS reports.


: This paper is based upon the experience of the New South Wales Department of Lands with the Government and Related Employees Appeal Tribunal (GREAT), a body established in New South Wales in 1981 to hear promotion appeals from employees of the public sector. Serious doubts are expressed as to the value of the promotion appeals system and questions asked about its contribution to efficiency. Statistics show not only a substantial commitment of resources by the Department to the maintenance of selection decisions, but suggest a very large overall financial commitment by the state if the costs are representative of other departments and authorities. Proposed changes and possible reforms are reviewed and evaluated. Although confined to a study of a single system, the conclusions have relevance to the promotion appeals systems of all Australian public sectors because of the many common features which they share.


Fungal pathogens are useful in biocontrol of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) for efficient weed management. Although parthenium is a major problem in Malaysia, no initiative for developing biocontrol method has been taken yet. Therefore, a field study was conducted at Kg. Durian Tunggal, Melaka (Latitude: 2020'55"N, Longitude:102017'33'' E), Malaysia in August 2017 to isolate disease-causing pathogens of parthenium weed. Diseased parthenium leaves with symptoms of yellowish-brown leaf blight and the parthenium stem with reddish-brown cankers on the basal part were collected and examined after they were cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Isolated fungus was identified based on morphological and microscopy analyses. Two isolates, UMKRSPL1 and UMKRSPS1, were isolated qualitatively from the infected leaves and stem respectively, that yielded dark-brown colonies of sclerotia on PDA. Under the microscopic study, the mycelia with multi-nucleolus hyphal cells were noted, which were septate and hyaline.
The hyphae branched at right and acute angles to the primary hypha. There was no conidium. Pathogenicity of the fungus proved to cause similar symptoms on new, fresh parthenium leaf. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. There is no published study on R. solani isolated from P. hysterophorus in Malaysia.
This is the first research on the species found on parthenium weed in the country. The identification of pathogens from parthenium.


Context. Blue compact galaxies (BCG) are narrow emission-line systems that undergo a violent burst of star formation. They are compact, low-luminosity galaxies, with blue colors and low chemical abundances, which offer us a unique opportunity to investigate collective star formation and its effects on galaxy evolution in a relatively simple, dynamically unperturbed environment. Spatially resolved spectrophotometric studies of BCGs are essential for a better understanding of the role of starburst-driven feedback processes on the kinematical and chemical evolution of low-mass galaxies near and far. Aims. We carry out an integral field spectroscopy (IFS) study of a sample of luminous BCGs, with the aim to probe the morphology, kinematics, dust extinction, and excitation mechanisms of their warm interstellar medium (ISM). Methods. We obtained IFS data for five luminous BCGs with VIRUS-P, the prototype instrument for the Visible Integral Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph, attached to the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory. VIRUS-P consists of a


The present invention discloses a kind of Very large floating structure tuning transmission vibration-damping generator, it is vertically arranged to head sea end and the afterbody under water of floating body, including the first transmission damping block, second transmission damping block and hydraulic drive constrained system, vertically connected by the first hydraulic drive constrained system between floating body and the first transmission damping block, vertically connected by the second hydraulic drive constrained system between first transmission damping block and the second transmission damping block, relative vertical movement is carried out respectively between first transmission damping block and floating body and between the first transmission damping block and the second transmission damping block, then electrical power generators are driven by the first hydraulic drive constrained system and the second hydraulic drive constrained system respectively.The present invention is substantially reduced transmission wave height using the interaction of damping block and incoming wave, reduce the hydroelastic experiment of Very large floating structure, also wave-energy power generation can be carried out by the catenary motion of vibration absorber, reduce the construction cost and difficulty of Very large floating structure vibration-damping generator integrated morphology system.


Based on statistical mechanics,continuous damage factor was introduced to elastic element to deduce a constitutive equation of nonlinear elastic element coupling the damage,then the nonlinear elastic element was integrated with the nonlinear viscoplastic body(NVPB) model to establish a new rheological model for gelled crude oils.The model could well describe the accelerating creep stage.A function was complied to fit the experimental data.The creep process of gelled crude oils with different structure strength was fitted.The change rules of the model parameters were analyzed to verify the actual physical meaning of the parameters.The results show that the model could fully describe the whole creep process of gelled crude oils precisely.The new model has simple structure,clear physical meaning and high precision.


In this paper, we propose to use machine learning techniques to model the vagueness of bugs for language interpreters and develop a fitness function for the language fuzzing based on genetic programming. The basic idea is that bug-triggering scripts usually contain uncommon usages which are not likely used by programmers in daily developments. We capture the uncommonness by using the probabilistic context-free grammar model and the Markov model to compute the probabilities of scripts such that bug-triggering scripts will get lower probabilities and higher fitness values. We choose the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves to evaluate the performance of fitness functions in identifying bug-triggering scripts from normal scripts. We use a large corpus of JavaScript scripts from Github and POC test cases of bug-reports from SpiderMonkey's bugzilla for evaluations. The ROC curves from the experiments show that our method can provide better ability to rank the bug triggering scripts in the top-K elements.


The propagation and excitation of artificial ionospheric turbulence in the magnetic equatorial region by high‐frequency electromagnetic (EM) waves injected into the overhead ionospheric layer is examined. EM waves with ordinary (O) mode polarization reach the critical layer only if their incidence angle is within the Spitze cone. Near the critical layer the wave electric field is linearly polarized and directed parallel to the magnetic field lines. For large enough amplitudes, the O mode becomes unstable to the four‐wave oscillating two‐stream instability and the three‐wave parametric decay instability driving large‐amplitude Langmuir and ion acoustic waves. The interaction between the induced Langmuir turbulence and electrons located within the 50–100 km wide transmitter heating cone at an altitude of 230 km can potentially accelerate the electrons along the magnetic field to several tens to a few hundreds of eV, far beyond the thresholds for optical emissions and ionization of the neutral gas. It could furthermore result in generation of shear Alfvén waves such as those recently observed in laboratory experiments at the University of California, Los Angeles Large Plasma Device.


The modeling of biomass gasification processes by simulators such as Aspen Plus is a powerful tool to assess mass and energy balances and to optimize process designs. A detailed model of the gasification reactor is one of the key points to achieve an accurate process description. A model for biomass gasification in dual fluidized bed (DFB) reactors by coupling Aspen Plus and dedicated Fortran files is presented. The DFB is divided into three modules according to the main chemical phenomena: biomass pyrolysis, secondary reactions, and char combustion. Mass yields of permanent gases, water, 10 tar species, and char are modeled with respect to the reactor temperature by a pyrolysis correlation. The secondary reactions are modeled by a semidetailed kinetic mechanism that handles gas-phase and catalytic conversions over char of CH4 and lumped tar species (phenol, naphthalene, benzene, and toluene), gas-phase water–gas shift reaction (WGSR), char, and soot–steam gasification. The calculated compositions of perm...


In order to distinguish the scattered light generated by the three defects of micro-particles, subsurface and micro-roughness existing above the super smooth surface, and to obtain the best region for detecting these three scattering mechanisms, combined the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) with Jones matrix and the polarization coefficients of the three defects were given in the four polarization states ss, sp, ps, pp. On this basis, the relationship between the three defects and scattering azimuth in four polarization states was simulated and analyzed. The results show that these defects could be distinguished by using p-polarized scattering light induced by p-polarized incident light. According to the different relations between the three defects and the variation of scattering azimuth, the best area to distinguish three kinds of defects and its realization methods were given.


Growth curve, ADG, and feed efficiency were measured for Spot pigs. Growth curves are essential for livestock producers to keep a record of growth and feed efficiency as benchmarks used for management goals and consistency. Growth and development data exists for breeds such as Yorkshires and Landraces. However, fewer data are available for pure Spot or introduced Spot genetics. Spots, or Spotted Swine, are a breed of pig with ancestry to the original Poland China. Four litters (n=44) from the same sire were tracked for weight, ADG, and feed conversion from farrowing through nursery. All pigs were housed in DVU's Swine Science Center, an indoor, temperature, and ventilation-controlled facility. Weights were collected daily farrow to wean and then weekly thereafter. Pigs were introduced to a creep feed at approximately 10 days. Pigs were weaned at 21d (i.e., 3wks). The average weaning weights ranged from 5.0 to 8.3 kg, the ADG for each litter ranged from 0.17 to 0.32 kg. A pelleted 21% crude protein nursery ration was fed ad libitum. Pigs were kept in pens by their respective litter and weights were then collected on a weekly basis for a total of 56 days. The average weights ranged from 41 to 47.1 kg and the ADG ranged from 0.62 to 0.68 kg, and the F:G ratio ranged from 1.48 to 2.88. Statistics were compared using an ANOVA and T-test (Table 1). A p-value where P < 0.05 indicated significant differences in means. Pen 3, a smaller litter size, had significantly higher ADG and final weights. These findings can be compared to data for other breeds on a similar ration to determine if Spot genetics improve feed efficiency.


Exposure to traumatic events sufficient to result in symptoms is a common phenomenon within the general public. Extrapolation of this observation to clinical social work students in training is reasonable, though unsubstantiated, at a time when this area of practice is expanding. Untreated trauma symptoms in students have the potential to harm both students and their clients, though little data exits on the prevalence of such events in students or on predicting symptom manifestation. Resiliency is a cluster of behavioral phenomena associated with recovery from trauma in the general population, but this assumption has lacked empirical investigation in degree candidates in the field of social work. Using the Ego-Resiliency Scale, the Trauma Recovery Scale, part of the Traumagram, and the Impact of Events Scale – Revised, exposure to trauma and the predictive value of resiliency for social work students from Florida State University was investigated. Findings show that resiliency and symptoms of posttraumatic stress were inversely related, but this relationship was not statistically significant. These findings provide evidence that resiliency may occur simultaneously with symptoms of trauma. They further suggest that students may be entering a specialty area of practice susceptible to unresolved trauma, risking their own health and potentially impairing optimal client outcomes.


The vehicle transfer case clutch plays an important role for four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles since the torque transmitted through the clutch determines the amount of traction torque on tires, which is important for vehicle performance. However, the clutch torque measurement is usually unavailable on production vehicles and needs to be estimated accurately to improve vehicle performance. This paper proposes a unified scheme to model clutch output torque under all three conditions: open (no torque output), slipping, and overtaken. Specifically, the clutch torque model under clutch overtaken condition is first investigated using the vehicle longitudinal and tire dynamics. It was found that effective radius of front tires, powered by the transfer case clutch torque, cannot be assumed as constant and should be compensated by vehicle acceleration, while the effective radius of rear tires connected directly to the propulsion system does not need to be compensated. In addition, it was found that torque model under clutch overtaken condition cannot be used under slip condition. As a result, a general clutch torque model is developed for both slip and overtaken conditions with a clutch slip speed compensation, resulting a root-mean-square error percentage (RMSE%) of 6.8% comparing with the experimental measurement data. Note that overtaken torque model is a special case of the general torque model by setting slip speed equal to zero. The general clutch torque model is able to calculate clutch output torque accurately under both slip and overtaken conditions.


In 2013, our fourth volume of Radiology Select was introduced, Breast Cancer Screening. This offering was hugely successful, and many readers made use of the continuing medical education (CME) offerings that were specific to breast imaging. But CME offerings eventually "sunset," and in an ever-evolving subject area such as breast imaging, there is always more to learn. Thus, as we considered potential topics for our next issue of Radiology Select, it was clear that breast imaging was a topic ripe with clinically relevant research of immediate use to our imaging community. We are pleased to introduce Radiology Select Volume 8: Breast Imaging—Beyond Mammographic Screening. We chose as our guest editors two breast imagers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and Weill Cornell Medical College, Elizabeth Morris, MD (who is professor of radiology and chief of breast imaging at MSKCC), and Donna D'Alessio, MD (who is assistant professor of radiology and director of the Breast Imaging Interventional Program at MSKCC). These breast imaging and research experts then chose to focus their collection on the broad areas of Breast Density, Tomosynthesis, Ultrasonography, Biomarkers, and MR Imaging in Breast Disease Management. Drs Morris and D'Alessio had the difficult task of reviewing original research and reviews recently published in Radiology and selecting articles for inclusion in this compilation. We are limited in the number of articles we can include to have a compilation of reasonable size, so the final list of articles is, of necessity, subjective. The contents of this volume reflect a somewhat personal view of which are the key articles—not the result of a quantitative determination. Furthermore, it must be recognized that Radiology has published many more fine articles on the subject area than can be condensed into this 32-article volume. Some excellent and clinically important articles, therefore, had to be passed over and not included. We believe that this collection of key articles will be a valuable resource for breast imagers and other providers of women's health care. Having the key articles together will allow the reader to identify the relationships between articles and to follow the development of trends in breast imaging research over time. Self-assessment CME (SA-CME) is an important aspect of clinical practice in radiology. Recent American Board of Radiology diplomates, in addition to needing CME, also need SA-CME for recertification. We believe that Radiology Select offers a perfect vehicle to provide up-to-date SA-CME to our readers and will help them better understand how research evolves and translates into clinical practice. Therefore, Drs Morris and D'Alessio identified key articles that were thought to be valuable for CME. The corresponding authors of selected articles were then contacted and asked to supply questions for CME. The Online Educational Edition includes 17 tests with an opportunity to earn 17 SA-CME credits. This enduring material can be applied toward the American Board of Radiology self-assessment requirement, allowing for focused learning in breast imaging. The online era provides multimedia opportunities for publications. We exploit this capability by providing audio and video conversations with authors to explore their views on the effect of their work and the work of others in the field with the benefit of hindsight. These conversations also allow experts to share their thoughts on future developments and the effect of their work on these. In this volume of Radiology Select, Drs Morris and D'Alessio have conversations with several groups of authors to discuss the pertinent topics in Breast Imaging—Beyond Mammographic Screening. In keeping with the trend of increasing reliance on electronic publishing, we are offering Radiology Select in two formats: HTML on the Internet and print on demand. Print on demand is a bound printed compilation of the articles for those who prefer reading hard copy. The online edition is an HTML version for viewing with a Web browser. Individual PDFs can be downloaded, and readers can listen to and view the audio and video conversations. The SA-CME activities are available only through the online version. We thank Drs Morris and D'Alessio for reviewing and selecting the articles collected in this volume. We are especially grateful to the authors of the articles, without whom Radiology Select would not be possible.


We consider a system with n independent and identically distributed components. The system fails if k out of the n components fails. We study various distributional properties of the mean life times of the n-k remaining components after the failure of the k components. Based on these distributional properties some characterizations of distributions are given.


The method for determining protective actions based on plant conditions is introduced, including methods for developing emergency action levels(EAL), assessing reactor core damage and estimating the source terms and offsite consequences based on plant conditions. It is recommended that generic assessment methodology and procedures for developing the EAL and determining protective actions during a reactor accident should be studied in China.


We explored individual variation and asymmetry in the skull shape of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis Laurenti, 1768) across four populations representing different habitats, by employing geometric morphometrics. We found directional and fluctuating asymmetry across the analysed populations, without differences in fluctuating asymmetry among populations. Patterns of individual variation and fluctuating asymmetry were highly correlated within and among populations. Asymmetric skull shape variation was similar in all populations, and was mostly related to the jaw adductor muscle chamber. Our results imply that the uniform pattern of skull fluctuating asymmetry results from a high level of canalisation. Directional asymmetry can be related to anatomical and behavioural lateralisation.


Nine specimens of the Kendleton L chondrite, chosen (from the total of 52 that were inspected) for the presence of a wide variety of clasts, were studied microscopically as well as by EMPA with the purpose of investigating the origin of regolith and fragmental meteorite breccias. The results indicate that Kendleton does not contain detectable amounts of solar-wind gases. The Kendleton clasts were found to include a wide variety of L3, L5, shock-blackened, and melt rock clasts, which are considered to have originated from normal L chondrite material, and a unique tridymite-rich inclusion. The results suggest that meteoritic regolith breccias may have different origin from that of lunar breccias.


There are 36 portions of nail's sample collected from same person quarterly in 10 years,and the content of lead in the samples was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.This method has good precision and accuracy,the recovery rate is 91.3%—107% with relative standard deviation of 4.1%.


To provide a sputtering target and its manufacturing method combines the mechanical strength required as a crystalline properties and the backing plate which is required as a target. A method of manufacturing a sputtering target according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the formation of the support portion 12, and spinning the periphery of the metal plate 100 while maintaining the metal plate 100 below a predetermined temperature. The predetermined temperature is, for example, is set to an appropriate temperature which can suppress the relaxation of internal stress by annealing effect. By employing the spinning method for the formation of the support portion, it is possible to add stress to the supporting portion 12 throughout. This can improve the strength of the entire support portion 12 by the work hardening. Further, since the temperature rise above a predetermined temperature of the support 12 due to machining is prevented, lowering of the hardness of the support portion 12 by the recovery of the crystal structure can be suppressed. .Field


Academic baseball is an activity where students practice problems in class. At OU the game is played in class every three to five weeks, or prior to exams, as a way to review the course material. In courses that mainly consist of a sequence of lectures, academic baseball adds variety, providing faculty with a different way to teach and students with a different way to learn. Academic baseball has been effective with up to forty students in such courses as Engineering Mechanics/Statics, Engineering Mechanics/Dynamics, and Mechanics of Materials.


Enterprise architecture (EA) seeks to align business process and IT, but architecting involves many stakeholders (e.g., architects, IT staff, and business staff) with very diverse and often conflicting goals, making this alignment difficult to achieve. In this study we investigate how team knowledge helps coordinate the architecting effort to achieve this alignment. We report on four case studies with various degrees of EA success. Specifically, we investigate how EA, IT and business staff coordinate their work, with special focus on implicit coordination through team knowledge.


Implementing the fast-responding multi-layer service network (MLSN) functionality will allow the IP/MPLS service network logical topology and Optical Virtual Network topology to be reconfigured dynamically according to the traffic pattern on the network. Direct links can be created or removed in the logical IP/MPLS service network topology, when either extra capacity in MLSN core is needed or existing capacity in core is no longer required. Reconfiguring the logical and virtual network topologies constitute a new manner by which Traffic Engineering (TE) can solve or avoid network congestion problems and service degradations. As both IP and optical network layers are involved, this is called Multi-layer Traffic Engineering. We proposed border model based MLSN architecture in [5]. In this paper, we define the realization of Multi-Layer TE functions using Path Computation Element (PCE) for Border model based MLSN. It defines nodal requirements for multi-layer TE. Requirements of communication protocol between PCC (Path Computation Client) and PCE is introduced. It presents Virtual Network Topology (VNT) scenarios and steps involved along with examples for PCE-based VNT reconfiguration triggered by network failure, where VNT is a set of different layer's network resource accumulation.


This chapter contains sections titled: Global Safety Research, The Hydrogen Syndrome, The Hindenburg: A Cellulose Fire, Flavored with Hydrogen, Testing Hydrogen for Safety, Hydrogen's Properties, Postscript


The adsorption isotherms of various aromatic compounds on an activated carbon or a polystyrene adsorbent in aqueous solutions and basic solutions were investigated. The adsorption isotherms of nonionic compounds and strong anionic electrolytes in the basic solutions were equal to the isotherms in the aqueous solutions. However, the adsorbed amounts of weak anionic electrolytes decreased with ionization in the basic solutions, and the adsorption isotherms of the non-ionized form and the ionized form of all these compounds except phenol could be expressed by the Freundlich equations with the same values of n. The amounts of those weak anionic electrolytes adsorbed at a desired pH could be calculated from the adsorption isotherms of the non-ionized form and the ionized form and the ionization constants.


In this paper, a nonlinear observer-based controller for a single-phase active front-end (AFE) rectifier is presented to improve power factor with high quality output DC voltage. Proposed algorithm is based on an Luenberger-like observer and a passivitybased controller. Closed-loop stability is demonstrated for all operating ranges using Lyapunov theory. Performance of observerbased controller is shown by simulation for voltage sag occurrence and abrupt load changes.


Aim: Physical exercise can have a significant beneficial effect on mental health, and elderly fitness programs are a widely accepted approach to preventing frailtyMethods: We present the ELF@Home p ...


BACKGROUND
To compare the long-term survival outcomes between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and open radical hysterectomy (ORH).

METHOD
We matched patients with stage IA2 to IIA cervical cancer with known risk factors for recurrence who underwent ORH and LRH.

RESULTS
Compared with ORH (n = 263), LRH (n = 263) did not have higher risks of recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-2.64] or death (HR = 1.46; 95% CI 0.62-3.43). Even in patients with tumors >2 cm in diameter, the risks of recurrence (HR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.31-2.16) or death (HR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.35-2.95) were not higher for LRH than for ORH. The LRH and ORH group had 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of 92.8% and 94.4%, respectively (P = 0.499). LRH resulted in significantly lower estimated blood loss (379.6 versus 541.1 ml, P < 0.001) and shorter postoperative hospital stay (12.5 versus 20.3 days, P < 0.001). Intraoperative complication rates were similar in the two groups (6.8% versus 5.7%, P = 0.711), but postoperative complication rate was lower in the LRH than in the ORH group (9.2% versus 21%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
LRH is an oncologically safe alternative to ORH and was associated with fewer postoperative complication and earlier recovery.


The computational complexity of MCMC methods for the exploration of complex probability measures is a challenging and important problem. A challenge of particular importance arises in Bayesian inverse problems where the target distribution may be supported on an infinite dimensional space. In practice this involves the approximation of measures defined on sequences of spaces of increasing dimension. Motivated by an elliptic inverse problem with non-Gaussian prior, we study the design of proposal chains for the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with dimension independent performance. Dimension-independent bounds on the Monte-Carlo error of MCMC sampling for Gaussian prior measures have already been established. In this paper we provide a simple recipe to obtain these bounds for non-Gaussian prior measures. To illustrate the theory we consider an elliptic inverse problem arising in groundwater flow. We explicitly construct an efficient Metropolis-Hastings proposal based on local proposals, and we provide numerical evidence which supports the theory.


Due to the unprecedented spread of online education in higher education institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study discloses the intentional implementation or unintentional presence of critical pedagogy aspects in the online English language teaching environment. It also aims to show if there is an age or gender difference regarding the use of critical pedagogy in online language teaching. The main instrument of the study was an online questionnaire designed based on Brown's theory of critical pedagogy (2001). A sample that consisted of EFL college teachers from two educational institutions in Iraq and the Czech Republic was used. The sample consists of 57 female and 47 male participants. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS technique. Findings showed a notable presence of critical pedagogy aspects in online English language teaching. In addition, the result revealed a prominent role for the female teachers over male teachers for using various aspects of critical pedagogy, and the age group between 3140 is the most effective age for teachers in applying the aspects of critical pedagogy. The study further generated some practical implications that may help teach English online. © 2022, CALL-EJ. All rights reserved.


The development, characterization, and exploitation of novel materials based on the assembly of molecular components is an exceptionally active and rapidly expanding field. For this reason, the topic of molecule-based materials (MBMs) was chosen as the subject of a workshop sponsored by the Chemical Sciences Division of the United States Department of Energy. The purpose of the workshop was to review and discuss the diverse research trajectories in the field from a chemical perspective, and to focus on the critical elements that are likely to be essential for rapid progress. The MBMs discussed encompass a diverse set of compositions and structures, including clusters, supramolecular assemblies, and assemblies incorporating biomolecule-based components. A full range of potentially interesting materials properties, including electronic, magnetic, optical, structural, mechanical, and chemical characteristics were considered. Key themes of the workshop included synthesis of novel components, structural control, characterization of structure and properties, and the development of underlying principles and models. MBMs, defined as auseful substances prepared from molecules or molecular ions that maintain aspects of the parent molecular frameworko are of special significance because of the capacity for diversity in composition, structure, and properties, both chemical and physical. Key attributes are the ability in MBMs to access the additional dimension of multiple length scales and available structural complexity via organic chemistry synthetic methodologies and the innovative assembly of such diverse components. The interaction among the assembled components can thus lead to unique behavior. A consequence of the complexity is the need for a multiplicity of both existing and new tools for materials synthesis, assembly, characterization, and


This report emphasizes the diagnostic difficulties in differentiating syphilitic alopecia from alopecia areata, as exclamation mark hairs which have previously been known to be the diagnostic hallmark and discriminating sign of alopecia areata can also be seen in syphilitic alopecia. A holistic evaluation is vital in improving diagnostic accuracy, especially in a resource-poor setting.


ED FROM Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2009;373:2125–35. Correspondence to: Dr P D Home, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; firstname.lastname@example.com Source of funding: GlaxoSmithKline. c Clinical Impact Ratings: GP/FP/Primary care 6/7; IM/Ambulatory care 6/7; Cardiology 6/7; Endocrine 5/7 Rosiglitazone as add-on therapy to metformin or sulphonylurea (RGZ) v metformin plus sulphonylurea (control) in type 2 diabetes*


In this letter a novel decision{feedback di erential detection (DF{DD) scheme for 16{level di erentially encoded amplitude phase shift keying (16 DAPSK) signals is proposed. It is shown that a signi cant performance gain of the new technique based on multiple{symbol detection (MSD) [1] may be obtained compared to a previously proposed DF{DD scheme [2]. This gain increases with decreasing number of feedback symbols, which makes the novel scheme attractive for implementation.


C26H25BrN2O3, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 24.290(3) Å, b = 7.480(1) Å, c = 13.385(2) Å, ) = 105.540(3)°, V = 2343.2 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.053, wRref(F) = 0.126, T = 200 K. Source of material The product was obtained via a four-component reaction of 5bromofurfural, benzylamine, phenylpropiolic acid, and t-butyl isocyanide in methanol at room temperature. To a solution of 5bromofuralaldehyde (1 mmol) in methanol (5.mL) 1 mmol benzylamine was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then 1 mmol phenylpropiolic acid was added and stirring was continued for 15 min, followed by the addition of t-butylisocyanide (1 mmol). After stirring for 24 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was neutralized with 30 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated. Upon addition of petroleum ether (10 mL) to the remaining oily residue a crude solid product was obtained. Colorless single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystalli-zation of the product in methanol at room temperature. H-NMR, CNMR and HR-MS data are available in the CIF. Experimental details Hydrogen atom positions were calculated according to geometrical criteria except the amide hydrogen atom H15, which was refined isotropically with the displacement parameter restrained to be 1.2 Ueq(N). The methyl groups were allowed to rotate.


Despite the vital importance of state-local relations in shaping motor vehicle transportation, there has been disagreement in various state and local circles about the nature and quality of those relations. When the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) recently undertook an examination of issues involved in possible devolutions of certain federal-aid highway programs and revenue bases to the states, a number of observers, particularly representatives of cities and counties, reported that the "state" of state-local relations is not good and that local governments cannot trust their states to meet local road and highway needs without a strong federal funding and regulatory presence. As a part of its investigation of state-local relations in highway matters, the ACIR conducted an exploratory survey of certain key representatives of state and local governments in order to gauge basic attitudes toward state-local relations in highway matters. This article presents the results of that survey and conclusions drawn from them.


According to modem linguistics,metaphor is not only a rhetorical technique,but a reflection of culture as well as a way of thinking.The relationship of metaphors in English and Chinese is divided into three patterns in this paper,they are equivalent,part equivalent and un-equivalent.The flexible use of the appropriate strategy in the process of metaphorical translation will be suggested to promote exchanges and integration,of different culture.


Electrochemical detection of glucose was achieved at a glucose oxidase (GOx)-cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode without any additional electron mediator in the electrolyte solution. The surface of the hydrogen-terminated BDD thin film prepared by microwave plasma-assisted CVD was modified with 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) via photochemical modification. The 4VP-BDD was then immersed in a CoPc solution to obtain CoPc-BDD. A poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PPD) thin film containing GOx was coated on the CoPc-BDD electrode surface via electropolymerization. At the GOx/PPD-CoPc-BDD electrode, anodic current for glucose oxidation was observed with a sigmoidal voltammetric curve, indicating successful electron mediation of H2O2 generated as the result of glucose oxidation at GOx. The signal-to-background ratio for voltammetric current of glucose detection was larger at the GOx/PPD-CoPc-BDD electrode than at the GOx/PPD-modified platinum electrode due to the smaller background current of the modified BDD electrode.


Summary form only given. This paper proposes a Multi-Symbol Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) Framework in Hybrid Video Coding. Advanced CABAC techniques have been employed in popular video coding technologies like H264-AVC, HEVC. The proposed framework aims at extending these technique by providing symbol level scalability in being able to code one or multi-symbols at a time without changing the existing framework. Such a coding not only can exploit higher order statistical dependencies on a syntax element level but also reduce the number of coded bins. New syntax elements and their Probability modeling are proposed as extensions to achieve Multi-Symbol coding. An example variant of this framework, that is coding only maximum of two symbols at a time for quantized coefficient Indices, was implemented on top of JM18.3-H264 CABAC. This example extension when tested with on HEVC test Sequences shows significant throughput improvement (i.e., significant reduction in number of bins to be coded) and at the same time reduces Bit-rate significantly. The Frame-work can be seamlessly extended to code Multiple Symbols greater than two.


Drug treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is not uniformly effective and frequently causes side effects. Recently, new data have become available that more clearly delineate the risks of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy. At the same time, establishing a benefit of treatment with these drugs has proved difficult. The potential benefits of antiarrhythmic therapy -- reductions in mortality or in symptoms related to arrhythmias -- as well as the potential risks are outlined in Table 1. In this review I shall consider the available data defining these risks and benefits (which have usually been delineated in specific groups of patients using specific drugs), the risk . . .


Abstract : A variable metric, maximal ellipsoidal distance, relaxation method for solving systems of linear, inequalities is described and its rate of convergence analyzed. This algorithm, with a termination routine appended to it, is polynomial if the ellipsoid matrix approximates an inverse 'Hessian,' which may be defined through the largest ellipsoid contained in a perturbation cum compactification of the feasible set. This so called inverse Hessian is given by a positive linear combination of symmetric rank one matrices built on the vectors given by the facets of the perturbation cum compactification of the feasible set. (Author)


For years the CHI community has championed the importance of the user in system development. As many of us develop systems, we find that the concept of user involvement is not so easy to implement. Does one always strive to involve the user in the design process? Are there situations when the users should not be involved? What if the user is reluctant to change? How is user involvement handled when the user claims to know all the answers and wants to design the entire interface his or her way? What if the users, or even potential users are not available? How can user involvement be accomplished under these developmental restrictions? User Involvement, therefore, may be a goal - not a given, and how to effect user involvement is not as straight forward as the text books convey! To assist the process of user interface development, many techniques have been developed such as Heuristic Evaluation, Participatory Design, Cognitive Walk Throughs, Task Analysis and Rapid Prototyping. These techniques vary considerably in the extent of user involvement that they require. This panel will attempt to match the technique with the degree of user involvement that the developer is faced with or can achieve. The issues discussed in this session are important to the entire user interface community. Developers will be happy to hear that they are not alone; others have similar problems with users. They will learn which of the techniques are best suited for each development situation. Methodologists will gain greater insight into the breadth and depth of working with, and attempting to satisfy various types of users. They may be able to better refine the technologies we now have available to meet the needs of user interface developers. Members of the audience will be invited to participate as developers and methodologists.


The Multimedia and Literature Teaching and Learning project was initiated to explore the potential of multimedia and hypermedia for supporting the response-based teaching and learning of literature. Response-based approaches to literature teaching and learning regard readers as active meaning makers whose personal experiences affect their interpretations of literary works. Response-based practice likewise emphasizes the reader and the constructive reading process. There are many reasons to believe hypermedia might provide a promising enhancement to text for supporting response-based pedagogies; and indeed, many contemporary scholars believe that it is ideally suited for such purpose. The project's initial phase involved developing criteria for considering hypermedia from a response-based perspective and then applying them to a critical review of commercial software. A group of ten graduate students developed eight evaluative categories which fell roughly into three groupings -technical concerns, response-based considerations, and classroom issues. Applications for review were identified through a detailed search of listings dedicated to hypermedia materials. Fifty-four multimedia/hypermedia literature programs and/or program series were identified, and forty-five were acquired from their publishers and reviewed. The applications thusly acquired were evaluated by twenty-five graduate students. Findings from the review revealed that commercial hypermedia literature applications were moderately priced, designed for commonly available platforms, technically quite good, and related to works commonly taught in elementary and high school classrooms. They did not, however, embody response-based pedagogies. In particular, average ratings on response-based criteria for the applications we reviewed were 4.69 (on a scale of I to 10), while the same software packages averaged 7.26 on technical criteria relating to multimedia design. The project's second phase accordingly involved developing prototype applications for supporting literature teaching and learning at both the elementary and secondary/post-secondary school levels designed to address what seemed to be conspicuously lacking in commercial software, namely, support for student responses. The elementary level application, Kidspace, was designed around the metaphor of a universe populated by individual students' worlds. Students can "visit" each other's worlds as readers, but they can only create (author) in their own. Each world supports a variety of personal spaces in which students are encouraged to recursively construct, explore, write, reflect, and otherwise express their feelings about their own and others' work. The secondary/post-secondary application, the Beats, is an open-ended program which is centered on the texts of the major Beat authors and contains hypermedia tools designed to support student (and teacher) discourse and reflection about literary works. These include the Personal Notes tool, the Notes tool, the Links tool, and Media tools. The project's third phase involved pilot testing the prototypes in actual classroom settings. Kidspace was tested in six elementary classrooms chosen to reflect varying grade levels, student populations, and learning environments. Major findings from the pilot involved the highly motivating nature of the program, its ability to uniquely support student responses, and the importance of epistemologically and technologically complementary classroom environments for these capabilities to be realized. A class of twenty-six undergraduates enrolled in a creative writing course at a community college in upstate New York participated in the initial piloting of the Beats. Both the instructor and the students' responses to the Beats were extremely positive. Both believed that the program and its response-based tools offered a unique and interesting environment in which to explore literature. Indeed, data collected from the pilot study suggests that students online responses were both quantitatively and qualitatively different from their regular classroom responses. As schools see more and more students coming to the learning process equipped with predispositions and skills for electronic communications, it becomes clear that issues surrounding the use of such new media need to be addressed. The findings of the Multimedia and Literature Teaching and Learning project suggest that electronic media support unique and important forms of meaning making that need to be included in a necessarily broadening view of literature study.


In former travelling wave based directional protection the signal processing is conducted only for the wavefront of current or voltage travelling wave, so the information of another electrical quantity is lost, sometimes it can cause misjudgment of directional protection. The authors propose a new transmission line protection scheme in which the eigen-quantities of transient voltage and current at the measuring position are extracted while the fault of transmission line occurs. The waveform of both transient voltage and current are compared and according to the similar extent the accurate and fast judgment for whether the fault is inside or outside the protection zone can be performed. By means of Alternative Transients Program (ATP) a large amount of simulation for various kinds of faults the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed protective principle are verified.


Introduction FORMATIVE INFLUENCES 1. Chekist Mentalite and the Origins of the Great Terror 2. Terror from Lenin to Stalin STALIN AND THE PARTY 3. Stalin as Architect of the Terror 4. The Rise and Fall of a Party First Secretary: Vainov of Iaroslavl' PRACTICES OF STATE VIOLENCE 5. Technologies and Practices of Soviet State Violence 6. Mass Repression, Modernity and the Social Engineering Argument IDEOLOGY 7. Terrors of Left and Right: 1937 in Comparative Perspective 8. Ideological Zig-Zag: Official Explanations for the Great Terror, 1936-1938 POLICE, JUSTICE AND TERROR 9. Mass Operations and Soviet Statecraft under Lenin and Stalin 10. Police, Justice and Terror before, during and after the Mass Purges of 1937-38 PRECIPITANTS 11. Fear, Loathing, Conspiracy: The Kirov Murder as Impetus for Terror 12. Pre-election Fever: The Origins of the 1937 Mass Operations VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS 13. Small Motors of Terror: The Role of Factory Newspapers 14. Scapegoating One's Comrades in the USSR, 1934-1937 STATISTICS 15. The Great Terror in Historical Perspective: The Records of the Statistical Department of the Investigative Organs of OGPU/NKVD 16. The Great Terror in Leningrad: Evidence from the Leningradskii martirolog


Material forming process of manufacturing the parts by directly acting on the materials is the most fundamental content of the advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and the general summation of physical process of production[1].


We prove that if f : R → R is additive or quadratic and the mapping R 3 (x, y) → f(x)f(y) is bounded on a non-degenerated arc of the unit circle, then f is continuous, i.e. f(x) = cx for all x ∈ R or f(x) = cx for all x ∈ R, respectively, with some real coefficient c.


Using a developmental frame, we focused thus far on the innermost circles of adolescent musical identity development. In the chapter exploring "who I am," we viewed adolescent self-concept, or traits and attributes they ascribed to their musicking; self-esteem, or a feeling of musical self-worth; and self-representation, or how adolescents viewed themselves musicking over time. In close interaction, we saw the critical role of important others and closest contexts, such as home, school, and community. Examining "how I think," we discussed the importance of relatedness, mindset, autonomy, and building a sense of competency. While looking at adolescent feelings, we explored agency, perseverance, and vulnerability. In ...


The paper presents the modelling for retro-fitting the observed behaviour in the Aliados' station of Metro do Porto's peripheral retaining wall. This work, with unusual proportions (in plant and in depth), was built in the typical Oporto's granite formations, and the excavation was carried out with peripheral retaining walls, using mainly the multi-anchored concrete wall made of cast in situ bored piles. This curtain was thoroughly instrumented and monitored during its construction, with some detail, in a particular ground profile and respective structural section, with the purpose of verification of the adopted design parameters, and future definition of optimized constitutive laws for modelling in a FEM numerical code. For that purpose, subsequent laboratorial characterization tests were performed over high quality samples, in triaxial systems with precise instrumentation. These high quality soil samples were collected in the course of the excavation, allowing the definition of input parameters for Mohr-Coulomb and "Hardening-Soil" models, for a multi-phased the numerical simulation based on the commercial software Plaxis ® . These exercise of retro-analysis of the displacements and forces monitored during the construction, in the specific well instrumented section, took into account the structural solutions that were adopted in the project, but considering some specific changes of the constructive sequence actually implemented during the excavations and activation of supporting system (which has suffered small changes during the work and had influences in the results of observation). The specific, but determinant, influence of the ground water flow developed during the excavation, as a key factor for the matching of the surface settlements, was also studied.


1 The effects of dopamine, 5‐hydroxydopamine (5‐OHDA) and noradrenaline on amylase secretion from the guinea‐pig submandibular gland were investigated under in vitro conditions. 2 All three amines greatly enhanced amylase secretion. Blockade of dopamine β‐hydroxylase did not inhibit the response to dopamine. 3 Noradrenaline and dopamine stimulated amylase release from salivary glands of reserpine‐treated animals, whereas 5‐OHDA had no stimulatory effect on secretion in guinea‐pigs pretreated with reserpine. 4 Haloperidol completely inhibited dopamine‐induced enzyme discharge, but did not affect noradrenaline‐initiated secretion. 5 Apomorphine caused a slight enzyme release by itself; it diminished the dopamine secretory effect, but did not modify that of noradrenaline. 6 Pimozide and fluspirilene attenuated the dopamine‐induced enzyme discharge, but compared with haloperidol they were less effective. 7 It is concluded that dopamine exerts a secretagogic action different from that of noradrenaline. The possible presence of a specific dopamine receptor in salivary glands is discussed.


The invention relates to a radio communication, comprising a mobile cellular terminal (1) and a mobile satellite module (2). According to the invention, the assembly further comprises: - at least one first attachment (3) connected to the satellite module, the cellular terminal being connected to the satellite module or the first accessory, the first accessory allowing the set of radiocommunication present at least one additional mode; - means for selecting one of the operating modes; - first switching means (39, 40), controlled by the selection means so as to lead the useful signals: from, respectively to, the transmission / reception means (10 to 13) of the cellular terminal or those ( 30 to 33) of the satellite module, depending on the selected operating mode, and to, respectively from, the processing means included in the assembly and the choice of which depends on the selected operating mode.


Alluding to the 18th century Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai's famous woodblock prints of Mount Fuji, the subject of this work is the spiraling red giant of the ArcelorMittal Orbit observation tower built for the London Olympic Park in 2012. This mad structure infects its surrounds with a strange presence akin to a mutant DNA spiral rising from the toxic ground of these former wastelands; a last recalcitrant gasp from the areas' rich industrial past. Circled from the ground and viewed from a variety of places and distances, Thirty-Six Views of Orbit depicts the tower as it peers between trees, waves its head above chimneys, over freeways and intrudes into the ordinary events playing out below.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images can be utilised in various fields because they are not affected by the time of day or weather conditions. However, in the process of employing active sensors to obtain a SAR image, speckle noise is generated in the image. Speckle noise degrades the ability of computer vision to observe the Earth. To improve imaging performance, an algorithm for removing speckle noise is necessary. For this purpose, the authors propose a speckle-noise removal algorithm. A speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter is employed as a pre-processing filter, in which multiplicative speckle noise can be converted into additive noise using a logarithmic transformation. To remove the additive noise, they use a weighted guided image filter. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method exhibits improved speckle noise suppression and edge preservation results compared with those of existing methods.


Carotid endarterectomy to prevent stroke in extracranial occlusive disease is an accepted mode of therapy. Although surgery for a totally occluded vessel is unsuccessful, for subtotal occlusion is very rewarding. There is a lot of controversy for the exact technique of surgery. Whether to use a local or general anesthesia is debated. The enthusiasm for adjuvant therapy to protect the brain during surgery with hypercarbia or normocarbia is equal among their proponents. There are equally good results by both usages of shunt and no shunters. 2 There are many kinds of shunts that are used, proponents of each claiming good results. My purpose is to report our experience with a new shunt that is used routinely and describing its advantages.


The framework of important concepts in Electrotechnics and Electronics Technology was built on the theory of concept maps.After the teaching practice of grade 2008 of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering Majors,the effects of teaching,learning and teaching evaluation tools were analyzed.And the shortages of concept maps teaching were pointed out.


Like natural diamonds, synthetic diamonds can be produced in a variety of grades, depending on growth conditions. High growth rates can be realized with chemical vapor deposition, but the diamond produced is often not clear because of nitrogen deposits that render the crystals absorptive over the infrared-toultraviolet spectrum, resulting in crystals that appear gray or brown. To reduce absorption, commercial producers anneal natural diamonds at high temperature and pressure. The high pressure is necessary to prevent the diamond from turning into graphite. Yu-fei Meng et al. report that it is possible to anneal single crystals, grown by chemical vapor deposition, at low pressure and greatly improve the optical quality of the diamond. Common industrial annealing pressures are on the order of 50 GPa, or 500,000 times atmospheric pressure; the authors employed half-atmospheric pressure in a hydrogen-rich environment that prevented the diamond's conversion to graphite. From spectroscopic data, the authors confirmed that the improved optical performance results from a reduced number of defects associated with nitrogen. This technique should provide an easier path to fabricating diamonds for technological applications, the authors say. — K.M.


SrTiO 3 thin films were prepared by ECR and thermal MOCVD. In thermal-CVD mode, Sr content and Ti content were at a maximum at 0.56 Torr. Results showed that SrO deposition is a surface reaction limited process between 500 and 650°C, whereas TiO 2 deposition is surface reaction limited between 500 and 600 °C, and diffusion limited above 600 °C. At a low pressure of 8 mTorr, ECR oxygen plasma was found to help decompose Ti(i-OC 3 H 7 ) 4 . In ECR-CVD mode, the deposition temperature could be lowered to 400 °C. TEM and SEM analyses showed that SrTiO 3 thin films have a columnar structure. The size of the grains depends on film thickness, and their shape on film composition (Sr/Ti ). Films prepared by thermal-CVD had a lateral step coverage of 50 %. 40 nm SrTiO 3 thin films (Sr/Ti = 1.0) prepared by thermal-CVD on Pt/TaO x /Si and annealed for 2 hours in O 2 had a maximum dielectric constant of 139 (Cs = 31 fF/μm 2 and teq = 1.1 nm) and a leakage current density of 6x10 −8 A/cm 2 at 1.0 V.


Objective:To Study the association between hyperuricemia and obesity of Uygur ethnicity in Xinjiang. Methods:306 patients with hyperuricemia were randomly selected as the hyperuricemic group from the subjets of Uygur nationality in First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,326 normouricemic objects were selected as control,common body items were measured,anthropometric and biochemical variable were analyzed as well. Results:(1) Compared to normouricemic subjects,the hyperuricemic subjects had significantly greater BMI,WHR,BUN,Crea and TG (P0.05); (2) The serum uric acid in male subjects had positive corelation with BMI,TG and TC (P0.05) while the female group had positive corelation with BMI,TG and WHR (P0.05); (3) Compared to control group,the incident rate of obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesteremia in male and the incident rate of obesity and low high-density lipoprotein hyoerlipidemia in female were much higher. Conclusion:Hyperuricemia of Uygur ethnicity was positively correlated with obesity and blood lipid concentration,the relationship between the level of serum uric acid and blood lipid concentration differs slightly in two sexualities,which shows more closely in male than in femal.


* Corresponding Author: Nader Rahnama, PhD. Address: Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98 (918) 3589577 E-mail: email@example.com Objectives: Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the common physical deformities, that causes distortions in the skeletal structures of the feet. The current study aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of systematic and functional corrective exercises on the body posture of students with pronation distortion syndrome.


Avatars in Second Life Creating a Persona in a Virtual World Researcher like Donna J. Haraway or Sherry Turkle have highlighted the possibility of fluid and flexible online identities, identities t ...


: The study sought to establish the functional and aesthetic value of the relationship between sculpture and architecture. The success of an architectural work is dependent on the integration of the architectural work and its sculptural value, which is primarily dependent on the designer's understanding of the role of sculpture in architectural work. Architecture has become a rostrum for the art of relief sculpture, whether on the outside or inside of architectural structures. As a result, relief sculpture contributed to the enrichment of architecture with aesthetic values that combined form and content. The subject of the study is determined by the scarcity of studies on developing the appearance of mosque ornamentation through the use of geometrical abstraction. The research aims to use geometrical abstraction to create designs for use in the decoration of internal and external mosques. The inventive designs were transformed from two-dimensional to sculptural designs three-dimensional for use in the mosque. 23 designs were created using geometrical abstraction and converted into three-dimensional sculptural designs, and 10 designs were applied virtually on the inside and outside of the mosque using computer Programs. One of the most significant findings of the study is that geometrical abstraction can be used to create designs that suit all architectural formations used in architectural decoration inside and outside mosques.


Volkswagen participated in the research safety vehicle (RSV) program of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and occupant protection was the focal point of initial work. The Experimental Safety Volkswagen (ESVW) I and ESVW II were designed to incorporate realistic safety concepts and to achieve the ultimate goal of a mass-produced unit. The first-generation ESVW I provided for occupant survival in central frontal barrier impact up to an impact velocity of 50 mph. Some safety vehicles developed with this objective in mind were heavy and expensive. Consequently, the second generation of safety vehicles, evident in the ESVW II, was built with consideration given to realistic safety measures (frontal impact velocity of 40 mph). Based on previous experience, Volkswagen developed the Integrated Research Volkswagen (IRVW) establishing six objectives: low fuel consumption; low exhaust gas emission; low noise levels; high passive safety; high active safety; and good operational performance. Other design parameters were lightweight construction, low-cost production, high value in use, and smallest possible exterior dimensions with good roominess. The IRVW is detailed with regard to the engine and transmission, the vehicle body and structure, bumpers, equipment, restraint systems, seats, chassis, front axle, steering system, rear axle, and brakes. Crash test results for the IRVW at 30, 40, and 60 mph are illustrated. It is shown that the IRVW with water-cooled four-cylinder diesel engine with turbocharger, permits a composite fuel economy of 60 mph, with emissions well below 0.4, 3.4 and 1.5 gms/mi hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, respectively.


False pregnancy or pseudocyesis is a condition that makes a woman believe that she is pregnant, even though it is not. Cases of false pregnancy or false pregnancy or pseudocyesis occur in 6 of 22,000 pregnancies. This study aims to analyze maternal behavior against false pregnancy or pseudocyesis including signs of symptoms and how to overcome them. This research is a qualitative research with the design used is phenomenological. The population in this study were mothers who had a false pregnancy (pseudocyesis) using an accidental sampling technique, and obtained 5 participants. In this study, after all data has been collected, a transcript is made in the Nvivo program for further analysis, categorization which will then produce themes and conclusions. The results showed symptoms of false pregnancy including non-menstrual periods, enlarged abdomen, spots, nausea, vomiting, enlarged hips, cravings, movements in the uterus and PP test (+) while for ways of coping with going to a shaman, praying and surrender, check with a midwife, check with a doctor.


The authors' work is concerned with the role of segmentation in preparing CT or MR datasets for 3-D display. Some widely used segmentation techniques-including spatial editing, tone scale transformations, and connectivity-based approaches-are first reviewed, and a novel data tagging scheme (permitting display-time selection of the output of any of the above techniques) is then presented.


It is not possible for librarians, who have an universal duty of sharing and presenting professional information, to stuck in their own borders. In this respect, this article gives brief information about the set-up of the Turkey base of "Librarians Without Borders" regarding that librarians also target all humanity just like doctors, lawyers, journalists, architects, teachers.


The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has forced teachers and lecturers to take creative strategies for students' learning. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the effect of flipped learning strategies on (1) students' self-directed learning readiness, (2) students' positive attitude toward engine management system practical learning in an automotive engineering educational program. This research is a quasi-experiment with a randomized control-group post-test only design. The experiment and control class members were determined randomly. One group of students was taught using the flipped learning strategies on practical learning, whereas the other group was taught using traditional instruction strategies. A questionnaire and checklist were used to collect the data. The result of this study shows that (1) there is a significant difference in self-directed learning readiness between the students who followed flipped learning strategy and those who followed direct instruction strategy, (2) there is significant difference in positive attitudes between the students who followed flipped learning strategy and those who followed direct instruction strategy.


We consider the moduli space Mn of SU(2) monopoles of charge n in R, and the associated moduli space Xn of strongly centered monopoles. We relate the topology of these algebraic varieties to their geometry and arithmetic. In particular, we compute their etale cohomology, the associated eigenvalues of Frobenius, and the cardinality of their set of Fq-points. Along the way, we compute all of these invariants for the locus of pairs of monic, degree d polynomials with resultant equal to 1. In particular, we find that the "resultant equals 1" locus has more than the expected number of points.


besides many excellent works on Vulgar Latin, so that a writer on P. now stands on much firmer ground {e.g., many MS. readings where Biicheler originally accepted emendations are now seen to be sound). S. points out that we have here no ' pidgin Latin'; there are neither barbarisms nor Grecisms, properly speaking (he also denies Oscan or Campanian usages); the language is rather a sort of Roman Koivfj. Unlike modem dialect writers (generally so useless to a philologist), P. does not exaggerate — the Romans were more sensitive to shades of language than we. Tested by inscriptions P. is seen to avoid many extreme vulgarisms both in forms and pronunciation, being more intent on the ' Copia et usus verborum' [usually a pitfall to dialect writers]—unlike Consentius and the Appendix Probi. (A difficulty is to decide what is due to Petronius, what to the scribe; e.g., S. accepts frustra for frusta in serrno urbanus, 35. 3, 59. 7). After examining the sertno plebeius as a whole, classified under headings, S. attempts to distinguish (and here his success seems doubtful) between the Iatinity of the various speakers. He sums up (p. 77) as follows: ' invenimus depictam simplicitatem brevissimarum sententiarum angustiis circumscriptam [Dama], verbosam obscuritatem moleste sine ullo ordine verborum et rerum fluentem [Phileros], exagitatam et concitatam perturbationem, moribus caldicerebriis in verbis recte absolvendis impeditam [Hermeros], falsam urbanitatem semper in elegantiis artis grammaticae attingendis labentem [Echion], fal$as delicias ex affectatione civilium morum ad sordes consuetas semper redeuntes [Habinnas].' In conclusion S. repeats that Petronius offers no promiscuous reproduction of the language of the gutter, but selects a KOIVT/, the typical Latin of the people, ' communem ilium fontem linguarum Romanicarum.' The following suggestions are of interest. 41. 10 : pataracina, a confusion of iraraxvov and patera. 43. 4: quantum, ace. of price (Lofstedt), to be retained. 44. 9: Asiadis ; leg. Asilapidis ; cf. PI. H.N. 36. 17. 27-8. 51 ult. ; quia enim; 'quia Caesaris, enim narrantis.' [But quia enim is common enough in Plautus.] 57. 8 : ridiclei is from ridiculeius (cf. Heraeus, op. cit. p. 24). 57. n : in ingenuum, 62. 10, in larvam : in (= ' as') is right; cf. Vulg. Paralip. 1. 28. 6, II. Cor. 6. 18 etc. 131. 7 : the old woman's speech is sertno vulgaris—quodclause for ace. and inf. [also repeated vides, and proverb]. On p. 79 (note) S. gives parallels between Trimalchio and Augustus, from Suet. Aug. 70, 74, 75, 83, 85, 98, 101.


Ba3Cu14-δTe12 was prepared by directly reacting the elements in stoichiometric ratios at 800 °C for 3 days, followed by slow cooling. Ba3Cu14-δTe12 forms a new structure type, space group P21/m, wi...


Residue Number System (RNS) is a non-weighted robust number system that is capable of mapping large numbers to smaller residues. This allows arithmetic operations of long integers to be carried out without any need for carry propagation. Scaling of signedintegers in RNS is a problematic and relatively difficult operation which leads to performance bottleneck while implementing signal processing algorithms. But when scaling of an integer is performed by one of its moduli, the complexity of intermodulo operation can be greatly reduced. This paper proposes an efficient architecture signed integer RNS scaler for the moduli set {21,2,2+1}. The architecture is implemented by employing the number theoretic properties of the moduli set {2-1, 2, 2+1}. The proposed RNS scaler possesses zero scaling error because of the additional merged sign detection and correction circuit which eliminates the ambiguities present in scaling the signed integers and is also faster compared to the existing works. Index Terms—Chinese Remainder Theorem,residue number system,scaling, moduli set, signed integar. 1. INTRODUCTION Sophisticated real-time application specific digital signal processing(DSP) algorithms are widely used in modern electronic gadgets such as digital cameras, smart phones, camcorders etc. Residue number system (RNS) plays a very crucial role in this domain for mapping complex signal processing algorithms into application-specific hardware accelerators. This is due to the fact that RNS is capable of decomposing any long integer arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication into smaller carry-free modulo operations for parallel processing [1]. Thus RNS proves to be a promising alternative for the conventional two's complement number system for computation and data representation purposes. Since RNS has greater advantages compared to two's complement system and other conventional full adder implementations, RNS has been extensively used to implement the filter components in DSP and Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) systems [2] and for solving precise systems using a low resolution multimoduli system[3]. Though RNS has many advantages such as modularity, parallelism, and localized carry propagation arithmetic operations, it has some drawbacks such asRNS to binary conversion, magnitude scaling, overflow detection, sign detection, and parity detection [3]. The most erroneous ambiguities occur during reverse conversion of an integer from its residue number representation, and while performing scaling of an integerby a known constant [3]-[5]. This paper presents an architecture that can perform scaling for signed integers. This design performs error correction of residues for negative numbers and when simulated in the Xilinx environment, the results show that the proposed architecture is faster and occupies less area compared to the existing works. 2. BACKGROUND MATERIAL 2.1 Residue Number System(RNS) Residue Number System (RNS) has its origination in the ancient Chinese mathematical book "Sun Zi Suan Jing". As mentioned earlier, RNS decomposes any long integers into a set of small residues, thereby reducing the carry chain length of adders and the size of multipliers. A residue number is characterized by k-tuple of integer setP = {p1,p2,p3,....., pk }. Each of this pi is called modulus and P is called moduli set. Let M be product of all elements of set P. A number X in decimal number system can be represented as {x1,x2,x3,....., xk } where xi=X mod pi. This unique representation is applicable if X<M and if all elements of P are relatively prime to each other [7]. Residue arithmetic operation of two numbers X1 and X2 is defined by: (Y1,Y2,..., Yn)=(X11, X12,..., X1n)#(X21, X22,..., X2n) (1) Suppose X1 and X2 are two different numbers with the same moduli set P. Then, | X1 |p1 = | X 2| p2and so | X 1 X 2|pi = 0. Hence, X1 and X2 are the least common multiple (LCM) of pi. But if the elements of set P are relatively prime, then their LCM is M, and it must be that X1 and X2 is a multiple of M. So it cannot be that X1< M and X2< M. Therefore, the set {|X|mi: 1≤ i≤N} is unique and can be a mathematical representation of X. In RNS, arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication are inherently carry-free[4]-[5]. Since each digit of the result is a function of only one digit of each operand, the computational complexity is reduced to a greater extent and the desired operation is performed in minimal time.Whenever the input integar X is a positive number, its range is [0, M-1]. On the other hand, when the integer X is a non-positive number, its dynamic range is [-M/2,M/2-1]. International Journal of Advent Research in Computer and Electronics (IJARCE) Vol. 2, No. 8, August 2015 E-ISSN: 2348-5523 7 2.2 Chinese Remainder Theorem Assume two positive numbers, x (the dividend) and y (the divisor). Now x modulo y (abbreviated as x (mod n)) can be thought of as the remainder, on division of x by y. suppose we have the system of equations: X ≡ x1 mod m1 X ≡ x2 mod m2 ... X ≡xnmod mn, where M={m1, m2, m3...mk} (2) This can be constructed from the formula: = | | |
 + | | |
 + ⋯ + | |
 | (3) Where, Mi= for 1 ≤ i ≤ n and |Mi| represents the inverse of Mi modulo mi . The dynamic range of the chosen moduli set {m1, m2, m3..... mn } is given by the following relation: M= ∏ mi i (4) CRT states: If each pair of moduli mi and mj are relatively prime, where{i, j . N,i . j} then the equations have a solution and any two solutions are congruent i.e. the solution is unique when mi and mj are co-prime and their greatest common divisor (GCD) is 1[2]. Thus according to CRT, the integer X is related to its residues by the following relation: X=| ∑ Mi i |Mi-1|mixi|M (5) where Mi = ⁄ .The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) may be stated as one of the most important fundamental results in the theory of RNS as it solves the residue-to-binary conversion problem[5]. 3. CHOICE OF MODULI SET There are many moduli sets such as {2-1, 2, 2+1}, {2-1, 2, 2+1, 2+1},{2-1, 2, 2+1, 2+1}, etc. The proposed system uses (2-1, 2, 2+1) as the desired moduli set.The moduli set {2-1,2,2+1} is superior to other moduli sets because it offers simple reverse conversion method from residues-to-binary number representation, thereby reducing the hardware complexity at the latter stages of the scaler[11]. Another important feature of the moduli set {2-1, 2, 2+1} is that the delay is determined only by the modulo 2+1 channel because of the operand length of these moduli.In other words, if we reduce the time required for 2+1 addition, we can easily cut down the overall delay of the RNS system[16].The moduli set{2-1, 2, 2+1} allows easy conversion because of the presence of very efficient combinational converters from/to the binary system. Modulo 2+1 channel handles n+1 bit input because of the Diminished-One modulo arithmetic representation of the input, whereas modulo 2-1 and 2channels handle only n bit input operands[7]-[10]. The complexity faced in implementing modulo 2+1 channel is reduced using Diminished-One modulo arithmetic which can be implemented by either Circular Carry Selection scheme or the Parallel Prefix scheme. 4. UNSIGNED AND SIGNED INTEGARS An RNS is defined by a set of N pairwise relatively prime integers{m1,m2,...,mN },where mi is called a modulus. An unsigned integer X within the range of [0, M– 1] can be uniquely represented by an N-tuple {x1,x2,...,xN}. The residue xi is the least positive remainder of the division of X by mi , and is usually represented as X mod mi or |X|mi .Let be a signed integer in the range [-M/2,M/2 – 1] if M is even, or in the range [-(M– 1)/2,(M– 1)/2] if M is odd. X' can also be uniquely represented by an N-tuple { , , ... , } in signed RNS representation. The relationship between the residue representations of X in unsigned RNS and in signed RNS under the same moduli set is =X if = 0and X – M if <0 (6) When =0, the residue representation of X can be mapped to that of in the range [0, M/2 -1] if M is even, or in the range [0, (M-1)/2] if M is odd. When < 0, the residue representation of X can be mapped to that of in the range [M/2, M– 1] if M is even, or in the range [(M + 1)/2, M– 1] if M is odd.After further research into the mathematical background of RNS, the valid RNS scaler was designed by utilizing the moduli set {2-1, 2, 2+1} and the scaling factor used was 2. 5. PROPOSED SIGNED INTEGAR SCALING ALGORITHM 5.1 Scaling of Signed Integars


Background: Bacteria in marine environments show different diversity and resistance patterns. In this study, the phylogeny and antibiotic susceptibility levels of bacterial strains isolated from sediments of Eastern Mediterranean Sea (0–1235 m depths) were analyzed in association with geochemical parameters of sediments. Methods: Bacterial isolation was performed and totally 185 isolate whose 16S rRNA gene sequences were deposited into NCBI Gen Bank were assayed with disk diffusion method using eleven antibiotics. Statistical comparison was performed for susceptibility levels of strains and geochemical parameters of stations as grain size and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus contents of sediment samples. Results and Conclusion: The highest resistance was mostly to amikacin and ceftazidime. While the Bacillus strains with the highest diversity had the highest resistance, the genera Planococcus, Marinobacter, Psychrobacter and Vibrio were susceptible to all antibiotics and even the genera Halobacillus, Fictibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Salinimonas, Photobacterium, Planococcus, Psychrobacter and Vibrio had no intermediate level. The geochemical contents of the sediments and susceptibility levels of the bacterial isolates were not statistically correlated but there was positive correlation between grain size and resistance. Due to the influence of terrestrial and anthropogenic factors, the shallowest stations had the highest resistance and were separated from deep-basins in correlation analysis. *Corresponding author Ilknur Tuncer, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Baku Bulvari, No: 100, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey, Tel: + 905366452294; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Submitted: 14 Dec 2016; Accepted: 26 Dec 2016; Published: 30 Dec 2016


With access to the raw data collected by certain Android smartphones, it is possible to perform post-processing of the data. Thus, it is possible to employ certain satellite positioning methods that were previously restricted to geodetic receivers. Thanks to this and other innovations, such as the emergence of smartphones with modern GNSS sensors, a promising scenario is seen when employing these devices in engineering applications. Generally, in certain applications that require high accuracy, centimeter and millimeter order, geodetic receivers are used. However, these devices are expensive when compared to smartphones. In this research, the coordinates of a point were determined via a smartphone with a modern GNSS sensor, whose data were post-processed by the IBGE-PPP service, using the combination GPS+GLONASS and L1 frequency. Thus, using circle adjustment techniques based on least squares, it was possible to obtain horizontal accuracy of approximately 12 cm and 25 cm with a set of about 128-hour and 24-hour sessions respectively. The results obtained in this research suggest that the applied methodology can be used in certain applications in engineering, such as land surveying of rural properties.


Bank credit to the SMEs in Kenya remains relatively low by international standards, and by holding other factors constant, there is potential for credit growth. However, several factors come into play with regard to the proportion of credit to the SME sector. From this background, the current study will seek to examine the determinants of bank credit to the SME sector in Kenya. The financial intermediation theory, financial liberalization theory and credit risk theory provided the theoretical justification of the study. This study adopted a causal research design to focus on establishing the causal relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Quantitative secondary data was adopted in this study and collected using a data collection instrument. Monthly time series data for the period 2008 to 2021 retrieved from the Central Bank of Kenya reports, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and World Bank reports was used. The study used both descriptive and inferential methods to analyze data. The findings from this study support the intuition from empirical evidence and theoretical framework that credit in commercial banks is determined by macroeconomic factors. This means that commercial credit in Kenya are determined by GDP, Inflation, interest rates & Exchange rates when all working simultaneously.


Are you looking for chuang tzu for spiritual transformation an analysis of the inner chapters PDF?. If you are areader who likes to download chuang tzu for spiritual transformation an analysis of the inner chapters Pdf to any kind of device,whether its your laptop, Kindle or iPhone, there are more options now than ever before. Perhaps because of the growing popularity of Kindle, or competitors like The Nook, or maybe just because people want choices, it is now possible to get chuang tzu for spiritual transformation an analysis of the inner chapters Pdf and any kind of Ebook you want downloaded to almost any kind of device!


Human protein subcellular localization prediction is essential for understanding function of proteins. Only when the proteins arrive at the right place at the right time can they perform their functions. In the past decades, various methods based on machine learning have been proposed to predict the subcellular localization of proteins. However, a common drawback is that most of these methods only focus on single signal of proteins, such as amino acid sequences or protein images. In this paper, a novel prediction model based on error correcting output coding (ECOC) strategy was proposed, which named ECOC-locator. It has two advantages, one is that ECOC-locator takes full advantage of amino acid sequence information, for example, rich context information of amino acid sequences, and takes interpretability of protein images into account. The other is that ECOC-locator balances the class contributions of the two signals to the prediction model by employing ECOC. The ensemble classifier integrated 8 classifiers, five of which were trained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) images and the rest trained by amino acid sequence data. The experimental results show that the accuracy of ECOC-locator can reach 40.34%, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness.


Hierarchical mobile IPv6 makes the mobility management localized. Registration with HA is only needed while MN moving between MAP domains. This paper proposed an adaptive mobility management scheme based on the hierarchical mobile IPv6. The scheme focuses on the MN operation as well as MAP operation during the handoff. Adaptive MAP selection algorithm can be used to select a suitable MAP to register with once MN moves into a new subnet while MAP can thus adaptively changing his management domain. Furthermore, MAP can also adaptively changes its level in the hierarchical referring on the service load or other related information. Detailed handoff algorithm is also discussed in this paper.


Easy Money? Money, Power and Value in the Field of Comparative Literature.
This article argues that money is an important concern within the field of Comparative Literature in Sweden. The discussion centers on money, power and value in relation to Swedish universities in general, and the field of Comparative Literature in particular. Primarily, this article argues that different forms of money are endowed with different forms of "value" and that these differences have a rather large impact.
This article opens with a discussion and analysis of the relation between Swedish universities, the ideals of new public management, and money. It then considers literary research in the field of sociology of literature, literary historiography and memoirs, and concludes with a brief discussion about the importance of the source of funding, considering two examples from the Department of Literature at Uppsala University in the 1960s and 1970s. The article concludes that money is an incredibly powerful and symbolic agent in the field of Comparative Literature, and that there is no such thing as easy money.


Equality rights in education-same-sex parenting in the Family Life Education program-religion in public school board administration-Chamberlain v. Surrey School District No. 36


The role of electrolytes in the pathogenesis of hypertension is an increasingly important research topic. Several studies have suggested that the


The analytical expressions for the changes of the coherence degree and the thickness of the coherence layers while propagation of the dispersed light beams are obtained. It is established, that the larger the angle between the coherence layers and the phase fronts the faster the deterioration of the spatial coherence with a distance occurs. The comparison with a case of the nondispersed beams is made. It is shown, that the decrease of the coherence degree while the beam propagation is accompanied by the rise of its spatial fluctuations. The change of mutual correlation of two dispersed beams with the parallel correlated coherence layers is investigated.


This research is motivated by many Islamic educational institutions in
Indonesia which have not been qualified due to implementing a closed management
system and not outward orientation till now, the policy resulted in the development of
madrasah becoming very slow and even seeming static. One of the quality Islamic
education institutions is managed by corporate management, namely the Education
Organizing Agency Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama Banat Kudus. This study aims to find
out and analyze the motivation, relationship patterns, management models and key
factors of quality Islamic education at the Education Organizing Agency of the Ma'arif
Nahdlatul Ulama Banat Kudus.
This research is a field research with a qualitative-descriptive approach that
intends to understand the main phenomena in the management of Quality Islamic
education institutions. Methods of collecting data through observation, interviews and
documentation, while data analysis is done using data reduction, data presentation,
data verification and data analysis methods.
The results of the study are as follows; (1) Motivation of madrasah NU Banat
Kudus organizes quality Islamic education is creating a female madrasah which
directing Ahlussunah Wal Jamaah and quality oriented. (2) The Managements of
quality Islamic education institutions at BPPMNU Banat is Tauhid based management.
To achieve success in implementing tauhid management BPPMNU Banat applies
several foundations in all madrasah activities, they are: insan man, Allah's promise to
believers, struggle to achieve Allah's love and essence of taqwa. (3) The key factors
in the management of quality Islamic education institutions include: relation pattern
between BPPMNU Banat and its education units, they are: first, Instruction pattern by
BPPMNU Banat to education units in terms of democratic and tolerant quality
management. Second, the Coordination Pattern, BPPMNU Banat Kudus arranges
programmed coordination every Sunday at the beginning and ending of the month.
Third, Decision-Making Patterns, BPPMNU Banat Kudus gives independence chance
to organize the activities which are beneficial for the development of students' potential
for each education unit under the rules that it's not break the rules of BPPMNU Kudus
Banat. Fourth, selection pattern of school principals, school principals's selection in
education unit of BPPMNU Kudus is entirely determined by the management board
of BPPMNU Kudus Banat.


11 The antiradical activity, polyphenols, flavonoids and total condensed tannins contents have been determined in the case of seven local 12 edible Brassicaceae , i.e. Italian kale, broccoli, Savoy and white cabbage, cauliflower, green cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. Rapid spec-13 trophotometric methods were applied. The results achieved were compared with the quali–quantitative information obtained by HPLC/ 14 DAD and HPLC/MS. The polyphenolic compounds detected were: kaempferol and quercetin glycosides and hydroxycinnamic esters. 15 The EC 50 values ranged from 81.45 to 917.81 mg sample/mg DPPH (cid:1) and the total phenolic content from 4.30 to 13.80 gallic acid equiv-16 alents (mg gallic acid/g sample). The peculiar characteristics of these vegetables can be evaluated and can increase their value as func-17 tional food.


Chromia-titania interfaces suitable for catalytic application were prepared by repeated chemical reaction (grafting) of Cr(III) amides and Cr(VI) alkoxides with surface hydroxyl groups of TiO 2 . Their structure, chemical reactions, and redox stability under mild conditions (293-673 K ; O 2 , air, N 2 , H 2 O/N 2 , H 2 , NO/NH 3 ) were investigated by EPR, UV-vis (diffuse reflectance), and IR spectroscopy. The conditions necessary to remove residual organic ligands were determined by temperature-programmed oxidation and hydrolysis monitored by mass spectrometry. Polynuclear surface complexes of Cr(III) were obtained by treatment in vacuum or hydrolysis in a H 2 O/N 2 stream at T < 673 K. The spectroscopic features of these species indicate that highly dispersed chromium oxide species were formed. Calcination in oxygen yields simultaneously Cr(III), (Cr(IV)), Cr(V), and Cr(VI) surface species dependent on the chromium content. All surface species with oxidation states higher than +3 were reversibly reduced by hydrogen to Cr(III). Redox cycles foster the incorporation of Cr(III) ions into the titania lattice. Precursor chromium concentration as well as the conditions applied were found to be decisive for the structural and chemical properties of the immobilized CrO x species. This is also reflected by the catalytic activity and selectivity to N 2 in the selective reduction of NO by NH 3 , which depended on the conditions applied for the sample pretreatment.


Accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are promising sites for stellar mass black hole (BH) mergers due to mass segregation and merger acceleration by disk gas torques. Here we show that a gravitational-wave (GW) kick at BH merger causes ram-pressure stripping of gas within the BH Hill sphere. If RH ≥ H, the disk height, an off-center UV flare at aBH ∼ 103rg, emerges within tUV ∼ O(2 days)(aBH/103rg)(MSMBH/108M⊙)(vkick/102 km s−1) postmerger and lasts O(RH/vkick) ∼ O(5tUV). The flare emerges with luminosity O(1042erg s−1)(tUV/2days)−1(MHill/1M⊙)(vkick/102 km s−1)2. Active galactic nucleus optical/UV photometry is altered and asymmetric broad emission line profiles can develop after weeks. If RH < H, detectability depends on disk optical depth. Follow-up by large optical sky surveys is optimized for small GW error volumes and for Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo triggers >50M⊙.