A''s the AIDS epidemic continues to spread, man.y , hospitals (and not only those located in large urban areas) are becoming increasingly overwhelmed by the sheer number and complexity , of these patients. The issues being faced by the medical community are multiple, encompassing diverse medical and social problems,such as hous-z ing, discrimination, outpatient -management, and difficult ethical considerations. Only those hospitalsand staff that have learned to deal in'a compassionate, appropriate, and organized manner ' with these issues will emerge financially and emotionally intact (and even possibly enriched) from this disastrous disease. Therefore, the thrust of this review, while dealing with the various infectious processes encountered in this population, will be directed more towards prevention, prophylaxis, and.potential outpatient therapy\rather than the highly technical and sophisticated hdspitalbased approach. While the etiologic agent of AIDS, the retrovirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, or HIV-:1), causes destruction of the immune system and the T4.lymphocyte in particular, and can directly cause clinical syndromes such as HIV meningitis and HIV neuropathy, opportunistic infections are the major life-threatening manifestation of immunosuppression associated with HIvinfection. Zidovudine (AZT), an antiretroviral drug, is curi'entlt the only, FDA-approved agent that directly combats HIV. In recent controlled trials, significant decreases in the number and severity of opportunistic infections have been observed in patients receiving AZT vs. placebo-treated controls. The exact role ' that AZT. Will play in terms of modifying treatment' of opportunistic infections is currently undetermined, but is a subject of much investigation. , A broad spectrum of infectious agents have been identified as capable of producing disease in patients with AIDS; some are common, some rare, many are life-threatening, and a few are even relatively benign. This review will consider those most frequently encountered and which are most amenable to outpatient management and prophylaxis.


There is increasing evidence that locally produced angiotensin AII (AII) regulates the function of many tissues, but the involvement of enterocyte‐derived AII in the control of intestinal transport is unknown. This study examined whether there is a local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in rat villus enterocytes and assessed the effects of AII on SGLT1‐dependent glucose transport across the brush border membrane (BBM). Gene and protein expression of angiotensinogen, ACE, and AT1 and AT2 receptors were studied in jejunal and ileal enterocytes using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT‐PCR. Mucosal uptake of d‐[14C]glucose by everted intestinal sleeves before and after addition of AII (0–100 nm) to the mucosal buffer was measured in the presence or absence of the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (1 μm). Immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of angiotensinogen, ACE, and AT1 and AT2 receptors in enterocytes; immunoreactivity of AT1 receptor and angiotensinogen proteins was especially pronounced at the BBM. Expression of angiotensinogen and AT1 and AT2 receptors, but not ACE, was greater in the ileum than the jejunum. Addition of AII to mucosal buffer inhibited phlorizin‐sensitive (SGLT1‐dependent) jejunal glucose uptake in a rapid and dose‐dependent manner and reduced the expression of SGLT1 at the BBM. Losartan attenuated the inhibitory action of AII on glucose uptake. AII did not affect jejunal uptake of l‐leucine. The detection of RAS components at the enterocyte BBM, and the rapid inhibition of SGLT1‐dependent glucose uptake by luminal AII suggest that AII secretion exerts autocrine control of intestinal glucose transport.


Monte Carlo transport codes typically use a power iteration method to obtain the fundamental eigenfunction. The standard convergence rate for the power iteration method is the ratio of the first two eigenvalues, that is, k{sub 2}/k{sub 1}. Modifications to the power method have accelerated the convergence by explicitly calculating the subdominant eigenfunctions as well as the fundamental. Calculating the subdominant eigenfunctions requires using particles of negative and positive weights and appropriately canceling the negative and positive weight particles. Incorporating both negative weights and a {+-} weight cancellation requires a significant change to current transport codes. This paper presents an alternative convergence acceleration method that does not require modifying the transport codes to deal with the problems associated with tracking and cancelling particles of {+-} weights. Instead, only positive weights are used in the acceleration method.


In the title pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivative, C14H16N2O2S, the dihedral angle between the six-membered rings is 77.81 (10)°. The molecule is twisted about the Cp—S (p = pyrimidine) bond, with a C—S—C—N torsion angle of −59.01 (17)°. An intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bond generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, bifurcated acceptor N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate inversion-related dimers incorporating R 2 1(9) and R 2 2(8) loops. These dimers are connected into a chain extending along the a-axis direction by a second pair of inversion-related N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming another R 2 2(8) loop. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions, generating a three-dimensional network.


Sole traders and small businesses involved in domestic projects continued to dominate the work of the Institution of Civil Engineers' professional conduct panel last year. Chairman Bob McGowan says most of the cases could have been avoided if members communicated more effectively with their clients.


Modelling economically optimum rates of N, P, K fertilizers and population density in maize by binomial approximation is tested in an effort to reduce the co...


For this study, 240 one-day-old broiler chicken were used to test the anti-coccidial efficacy of a herbal drug Coxigon® compared with a chemical synthetic Diclazuril® against Coccidiosis in broilers. These birds were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, F) of forty birds each. There were six treatments, non-infected non-medicated (A), infected non-medicated (B), infected and medicated with Coxigon® at 3 g/1 kg of feed (C) infected and medicated with Diclazuril® at 0.20 g/1 kg of feed (D), non-infected but treated with Coxigon® at 3 g/50 kg of feed (E), and non-infected but treated with Diclazuril® (F) at 0.20 g/1 kg of feed. Groups B, C, and D were given a challenge dose of coccidial oocysts at the age of 22 days. Weight gain, feed consumption, oocysts count in the faeces, clinical findings and mortality were recorded. The mean values of birds feed intake during experimental period (0–6 weeks) were 3770.4, 3206.5, 3493.3, 3333.3, 3751.5 and 3764.1 g for the groups A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively. The results revealed that the birds of group E had better (P<0.05) weight gain (g) as compared to other groups. Moreover, Coxigon® at 3 g/1 kg of feed (C) had excellent performance in terms of oocysts count (31700/g feaces) and lower mortality as compared with Diclazuril® (D).


In the following we describe some examples of Calabi-Yau manifolds, which arise as desingularizations of certain Siegel threefolds. The first Siegel modular variety with a Calabi-Yau model and the essentially only one up to now has been discovered by Barth and Nieto.


A key of success of many modern structural components is the tailored behavior of the material. A relatively inexpensive way to obtain macroscopically desired responses is to enhance the base matrix properties by the addition of microscopic matter (particles), i.e. to manipulate the microstructure. It is presented in this work a general procedure for the design of random micro-heterogeneous materials in order to deliver a specified linearly elastic response. The devised procedure makes use of genetic algorithm (GA) with approximate fitness evaluation. The design variables are the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio of the particles and the particle volume fraction. When compared with standard GA's, the proposed algorithm results in important savings in computing time with only minor losses in accuracy.


Objective  Chronic urticaria is characterized by oedema of the skin and mucous membranes. Although many agents have been implicated, aetiology is unknown in 70 to 75% of patients. Infections and foci of chronic infections are most commonly held responsible for chronic urticaria. In this study, the frequency of nasal carriage as the occult focus of infection and sensitivity to antimicrobials are explored in patients with chronic urticaria.


PURPOSE
To evaluate a strategy aimed at avoiding radiotherapy during first-line treatment of children with progressive optic pathway tumors (OPT), by exclusively administering multiagent chemotherapy during 16 months.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 1990 and 1998, 85 children with progressive OPT were enrolled onto this multicenter nationwide trial. Chemotherapy alternating procarbazine plus carboplatin, etoposide plus cisplatin, and vincristine plus cyclophosphamide was given every 3 weeks. At the time of relapse or progression, second-line chemotherapy was authorized before recourse to radiotherapy.

RESULTS
Objective response rate (partial response [PR] + complete response [CR]) to chemotherapy was 42%. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were 34% and 89%, respectively. The 5-year radiotherapy-free survival rate was 61%. In the multivariate analysis of the 85 patients that entered onto the study, factors associated with the risk of disease progression were age younger than 1 year at diagnosis (P =.047) and absence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (P =.035). In the multivariate analysis of the 74 patients that remained on study after the first cycle of chemotherapy, factors associated with the risk of disease progression were age younger than 1 year at diagnosis (P =.0053) and no objective response to chemotherapy (P =.0029). Three-year PFS was 44% in infants < or = 1 year versus 66% in children older than 1 year. Three-year PFS was 53% in the absence of an objective response to chemotherapy versus 68% after a PR or CR.

CONCLUSION
A significant proportion of children with OPT can avoid radiotherapy after prolonged chemotherapy. Deferring irradiation with chemotherapy protocols did not compromise overall survival of the entire population or visual function.


The article identifies possible consequences and integration effects of university mergers based on the simulation modeling the process of university entrants' choice of educational institution. The preferences and priorities of applicants' choice are based on the survey of schoolchildren of grades 10-11 in all municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Based on the retrospective data of universities for 2017-2020, the authors conducted component and cluster analysis, the results of which formed the basis for estimating the ranking of universities and forecasting the ranking of the universities to be merged. Based on the simulation model calibrated on the regional data, computational experiments and scenarios of impact on the behaviour of university entrants were conducted in order to regulate their behaviour, in particular the possible reduction of educational migration in the region.


Asthenosphere is regarded as a layer of partial melting, physical properties of which differ from those of the matter lying above and under it. As various physical properties react differently to one and the same percentage of the magmatic melt (some of them change by the first tens of percent, the others by some orders), we consider specifically geothermal, geoelectrical, seismic (wave guide) and density of asthenospheres of the Soviet Far East, Kuril-Kamchatka and Japanese Island arcs and the adjacent part of the Pacific Ocean. It is shown that the structure of each of the asthenospheres differs from the others. In conclusion a comprehensive model of the asthenosphere of the southern part of the Okhotsk Sea and Kuril Island arc is given.


A theoretical method is used to predict the surface pressure distribution and drag-rise characteristics of blunted ogive forebodies. The results confirm the observation that a moderate degree of nose blunting can reduce wave drag relative to that of a pointed body of the same fineness ratio. An analysis of the theoretical data provides a simple explanation of this phenomenon.


This paper presents the reinforcement of nanocellulose (NC) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to examine the effect of the amount of reinforcement on the properties of PVA. The nanocellulose was successfully extracted by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and ultrasonication, and successively reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol by the solvent-casting method. After incorporating nanocellulose into the PVA matrix, the effect of nanocellulose on the tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption capacity, transmittance, thermal stability, and biodegradability of PVA was investigated. The tensile strength increased from

 24.5
 ±
 0.53

 MPa

 to

 35.5
 ±
 0.55

 MPa

 and

 40.6
 ±
 0.73

 MPa

 with the addition of 2%NC and 5%NC, respectively. The elongation at break increased from

 40
 ±
 0.53
 %

 to

 45.7
 ±
 0.53
 %

 with 2%NC, and after the reinforcement of 7%NC, it decreased to

 32.2
 ±
 0.75
 %

 . The water absorption capacity result reveals that neat PVA absorbs the highest amount of water which is

 84.6
 ±
 0.56
 %

 and is reduced to

 73
 ±
 0.78
 %

 by adding 2%NC. By increasing the nanocellulose loading to 7%, the water intake capacity was reduced to

 61
 ±
 0.59
 %

 which illustrates the water intake was reduced linearly with the increment of NC. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) result implies that the transmittance of neat PVA and PVA-2%NC composite film was 85.4% and 78.2% at 600 nm, respectively, which indicates the decrement in transmittance. The thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) reveals that the thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol after incorporating nanocellulose particles was reduced. The weight loss of neat PVA is

 70.7
 ±
 1.7
 %

 after 90 days while the weight loss of the PVA composite films reinforced with 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% was

 65
 ±
 1.85
 %

 ,

 57
 ±
 1.57
 %

 ,

 55.6
 ±
 0.64
 %

 ,

 52
 ±
 1.73
 %

 , and

 53.1
 ±
 1.72
 %

 , respectively. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph for the PVA-6%NC nanocomposite film reveals a dispersion of nanocellulose in a matrix.


Abstract Turkey has long been a productive member of regional international organizations (IOs) like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Council of Europe. Theorists of socialization would predict that Turkey's activities within these organizations would encourage European Union (EU) members who belong to these IOs to support Turkey's application for EU membership. In reality, many EU members who share memberships with Turkey voice severe reservations about the prospects of Turkish EU membership. This article seeks to explain this puzzle. It demonstrates why socialization dynamics have failed to materialize in the Turkey–EU relationship and tests alternative explanations for 'failed socialization'. It finds empirical support for two such explanations. The first involves limitations of IOs' ability to discourage 'bad behavior' by member states. The second involves the increasing importance of mass publics and the dissolution of a 'permissive consensus' that has characterized past decisions about EU enlargement.


As an important document for the description and communication of transport policies, transport white papers have drawn special attention in western countries. This paper studies European transport white papers with the aim to explore their merits for reference. Firstly, the paper reviews the chronological development of European transport white papers to give a holistic view. Then, three European transport white papers that have critical historical meanings are analyzed in details, inspecting their issue background and policy objectives. Moreover, the features of European transport white papers are summarized, which include the concentration on chief problem, thorough action plan and flexible content system. These features deserve learning for other authorities when developing transport white papers.


This article is intended to explore the link between the study of defamilisation and that of the adult worker model. To meet this purpose, a defamilisation framework for studying issues concerning the adult worker model and defamilisation is developed. To show the empirical significance of these issues, evidence is drawn from a childcare gap typology covering eight European countries. Conducting these analytical tasks provides insights into the development of social work practices for enhancing women's welfare.


The development of advanced engines has resulted in the need for new ceramic compositions which exhibit thermo-mechanical properties suitable for the engine environment, e.g., low thermal expansion, stability to 1,200 C, and thermal shock resistance. To meet these goals, a two phase research program was instituted. In the first phase, new oxide ceramics were identified in the AlPO{sub 4}-{beta}-eucryptite, {beta}-cristobalite, mullite and zircon systems. This research focused on screening and property characterization of ceramics in the four systems. The most promising compositions in the AlPO{sub 4}-{beta}-eucryptite and zircon systems were then further evaluated and developed in the second phase with the goal of being ready for prototype testing in actual engines. Of the compositions, calcium magnesium zirconium phosphate (zircon system) exhibits the most desirable properties and is presently being developed for commercialization.


Solvatochromic shifts in nitrogen-doped and nitrogen–sulfur-co-doped carbon dots are studied by analyzing absorption, photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence emission spectra, and their emission lifetimes in two different solvents, protic water (H2O) and aprotic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We identify three emission bands belonging to the sp2-hybridized core, the edge, and the functional surface groups of carbon dots, as well as surface-attached fluorophores that emit within the edge band energy range. Edge and surface bands show opposite solvatochromic shifts solely depending on the doping heteroatoms. We are able to reproduce emission shifts observed in DMSO by heating CDs in H2O from 7 to 87 °C, when the polarity and hydrogen-bonding strength of the solvent are reduced. Intrinsic edge band transitions are found to be strongly influenced by the solvent polarity, as charge transfer processes dominate. Surface band transitions are found to be influenced especially by hydrogen bonding between the...


The LA[100] ([ital a]-axis) Brillouin backscattering phonon spectra have been measured as a function of temperature (20--370 K) in the mixed ferroelectric (FE)--antiferroelectric (AFE) system Rb[sub 1[minus][ital x]](ND[sub 4])[sub [ital x]]D[sub 2]AsO[sub 4] (DRADA-[ital x]) for ammonium concentrations [ital x]=0, 0.10, and 0.28. The Brillouin frequency shift with decreasing temperature shows hardening (positive coupling) whose steepness decreases with higher ND[sub 4] content. For RbD[sub 2]AsO[sub 4] (DRDA), a Landau-Khalatnikov-like maximum (which persists in weaker form for [ital x]=0.10) was observed and the polarization relaxation time is estimated to be [tau][similar to]3.8[times]10[sup [minus]12]/([ital T][sub [ital c]][minus][ital T]) s, where [ital T][sub [ital c]] is the ferroelectric transition temperature. For both [ital x]=0.10 and 0.28, a broad damping peak anomaly which is stronger in [ital x]=0.28 was observed and can be connected with the dynamic order parameter fluctuations. Taking into account earlier NMR and dielectric results, we conclude that the local structure competition between FE ordering and AFE ordering is the origin of these broad damping anomalies.


4 Jury, E. I., Theory and Application of the z-transform Method, Wiley, New York, 1964, pp. 97-99. 5 Harden, M., Geometry of Polynomials, 2nd ed., American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I., 1966, pp. 166-206. 6 Parks, P. C., "A New Proof of the Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion Using the Second Method of Liapunov," Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. 58, 1962, pp. 694-702. 7 Geiss, G., "The Analysis and Design of Non-linear Control Systems Via Liapunov's Direct Method," Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic Inst. of Brooklyn, June 1964. 8 Parks, P. C., "Liapunov and the Schur-Cohn Stability Criterion," IRE Transactions on Automatic Control (Correspondence), Vol. AC-9, Jan. 1964, p. 121. 9 Puri, N. N. and Weygandt, C. N., "Second Method of Liapunov and Routh's Canonical Form," Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 276, Nov. 1963, pp. 365-384. 10 Chen, C. F. and Chu, H., "A Matrix for Evaluating Schwartz's Form," Professional Group on Automatic Control, Vol. AC-11, No. 2, April 1966, pp. 303-305. 11 Raju, G. V. S. S., "The Routh Canonical Form," Professional Group on Automatic Control, Vol. AC-12, No. 4, Aug. 1967, pp.463-464. 12 Newton, G. C., Gould, L. A., and Kaiser, J. F., Analytical Design of Linear Feedback Controls, Wiley, New York, 1964, pp. 366-371. 13 Rosenthal, L., "Linear System Stability Derived from the Total Square Integral and Liapunov Functions," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic Inst. of Brooklyn, June 1967, pp. 5-15, 21-37.


and odds of depressive symptoms and clinical depression in psoriasis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1542–51. 3 Nelson PA, Ashcroft DM, Bundy C et al. The IMPACT Programme in Psoriasis: phase I – where we are now and future directions. Dermatol Nurs 2015; 14:37–44. 4 van Steenbergen-Weijenburg KM, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, van Benthem TB et al. [Collaborative care for co-morbid major depressive disorder in chronically ill outpatients in a general hospital]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2015; 57:248–57 (in Dutch).


There is a faction within the chiropractic profession passionately advocating against the routine use of X-rays in the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with spinal disorders (aka subluxation). These activists reiterate common false statements such as "there is no evidence" for biomechanical spine assessment by X-ray, "there are no guidelines" supporting routine imaging, and also promulgate the reiterating narrative that "X-rays are dangerous." These arguments come in the form of recycled allopathic "red flag only" medical guidelines for spine care, opinion pieces and consensus statements. Herein, we review these common arguments and present compelling data refuting such claims. It quickly becomes evident that these statements are false. They are based on cherry-picked medical references and, most importantly, expansive evidence against this narrative continues to be ignored. Factually, there is considerable evidential support for routine use of radiological imaging in chiropractic and manual therapies for 3 main purposes: 1. To assess spinopelvic biomechanical parameters; 2. To screen for relative and absolute contraindications; 3. To reassess a patient's progress from some forms of spine altering treatments. Finally, and most importantly, we summarize why the long-held notion of carcinogenicity from X-rays is not a valid argument.


This paper presents an original strategy of fault tolerant operating in case of doubly fed induction machine (DFIM). The considered fault is short-circuit of inverters leg (T1 and T2). The proposed strategy permits the reconfiguration management of both inverter topology and DFIM field oriented control. Consequently, the drive continuous operation is guaranteed in the presence of the damaged inverter. Simulation results are presented to emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed method


PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device including pads is provided to prevent the mismatch of an effective termination resistance to a differential signal pad by arranging the differential signal pad and a power pad in a preset distance. CONSTITUTION: Data lines(140, 150) are formed on one side along the vertical direction in the expanding direction of a semiconductor circuit substrate(100). The data lines are arranged adjacently in order to be applied a pair of differential data signals. Power lines(120, 130) are formed on the other side along the vertical direction in the expanding direction of the semiconductor circuit substrate. The power lines are arranged in order to be applied power source. A chip pad area(200) is formed on the semiconductor circuit substrate.


To the Editor: An epidemic of bilateral optic neuropathy, often with sensorineural hearing loss and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, is affecting young adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.1,2 The d...


Open access to resources implies the absence of restrictions affecting extraction or use. Such restrictions may range from common property regimes to privately held plots or quantities with many intermediate arrangements. Whatever the ultimate arrangement, moving from unrestricted open access to a stable structure of well-defined use rights requires agreement by a minimum coalition that is prepared to observe restrictive rules. These rules can affect the rate of resource use, the distribution of returns, or other management practices. They may arise from within a resource-using group or be coercively imposed from outside. In many cases, an outside authority does not exist, and coercively imposed rules are infeasible. In international fisheries, for example, open access has led to overfishing, and rules restricting access are problematic precisely because such an authority is absent (see Johnson and Libecap, Young). A key issue is: to what extent can endogenous rules be developed based on voluntary rather than coerced observance? This paper employs a simple framework proposed by Schelling to illustrate this issue, lending insight into how much coercion may be necessary in alternative resource regimes. This complex problem may be considered as a strategically interdependent n-person game. From the point of view of a particular agent in a resource-consuming population, innovating a restrictive rule involves three decisions: (a) deciding on a rule restricting future actions, (b) deciding whether to enter into the initial coalition observing this rule, (c) deciding whether to continue to be bound by the rule and remain part of the coalition in succeeding periods. I shall be primarily concerned with decision (b). Although this decision can be a function of enforcement by a coercive authority outside the group, to assume a priori that such enforcement exists obscures the important inverse relationship between the level of voluntary cooperation and the need for coercion. Any structure of restrictive rules, including private property, is subject to cooperation or defection. The higher the level of voluntary cooperation ex ante, the lower the need for additional coercion (assuming such coercion is feasible) and the lower the social costs of enforcing the resource regime, ex post. I assume that a particular rule-such as limi ed entry to a fishery-has been proposed ex ante. Each agent's problem is whether voluntarily to cooperate (C) with or to defect (D) from the group following this rule. The need for additional coercion (or an alternative rule) will be revealed by the level of cooperation and defection, ex post. Repeating the problem over time makes this a dynamic issue, in which the parameters affecting the choice are likely to change.' Here, I am concerned with only one in a sequence of decisions to adhere to a given rule. The entire sequence results in a particular pattern of resource consumption over time, in which expectations of future use rates are clearly important (Runge 1981). However, systematic analysis of alternative restrictions requires knowledge of when cooperation dominates defection for a sufficiently large group (given expectations) at each point in time.


An aryne-mediated α-arylation reaction of Schöllkopf's bis-lactim ether is described. Arynes were generated via an ortho-lithiation approach, affording syn-arylated products in up to 94:6 dr with moderate to good yields and excellent regioselectivities. Hydrolysis provided a variety of substituted arylglycines containing a range of functional groups without racemization.


With the recent technological advancement, the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) is becoming more applicable but almost all of the research in this field limited the source of dynamism from the order side rather from the vehicle, in addition to the adoption of inflexible tools that are mainly designed for the static problem. Considering multiple random vehicle breakdowns complicates the problem of how to adapt and distribute the workload to other functioning vehicles. In this ongoing PhD research, a proposed multi-layered Agent-Based Model (ABM) along with a modelling framework on how to deal with such disruptive events in a reactive continuous manner. The model is partially constructed and experimented, with a developed clustering rule, on two randomly generated scenario for the purpose of validation. The rule achieved good order allocation to vehicles and reacted to different problem sizes by rejecting orders that are over the model capacity. This shows a promising path in fully adopting the ABM model in this dynamic problem.


The rule of maximum compactness is put forward as a guide for establishing the stereochemistry of catalytic hydrogenation in many cases. This rule complements the well-known Auwers-Skita rule.


Dwayne Merry, Project Director. Dimensions in Cultures. Video Tape Series. Available from Coast Community College District, 1370 Adams Avenue, Coasta Mesa, California 92626. Price to be negotiated.


Air conditioning system has flexibility potential to some degree. However, there exist some uncertainties during demand response. This paper adds deviation of indoor temperature to the typical equivalent thermal parameters model and establishes air conditioning model considering uncertainty. In this paper, air conditioning aggregators participate in day-ahead scheduling of power system as demand response resources. The optimal strategy of contract capacity is proposed aiming at maximizing the profits of aggregators. It is shown in case study that the profits of aggregators will increase if the behavior uncertainty is taken into account beforehand.


After dredging the shipping channel through the ebb-tidal delta entrance to Tauranga Harbour, the Port of Tauranga Ltd are able to use the coarse sand dredge spoil to renourish adjacent beaches. During 2004, maintenance dredging was carried out using the trailer suction dredge Pelican, which deposited 112,000 m3 of sandy material in 5-15 m water depth off the adjacent down-drift ocean beach. This project was undertaken to monitor the renourishment program. An aspect of this study was to identify and characterize the deposited dredge spoil and monitor its subsequent dispersal in the outer part of the active beach profile. Seafloor characterization was carried out using sidescan sonar and sediment textural analysis. Methods used to monitor changes to the dump ground bathymetry included a combination of singlebeam and shallow water multibeam surveys. Preliminary findings confirm that the dredged sediments have been deposited in a shore parallel line across the dump ground in 5-8 m water depth and in a smaller area in 10-14 m water depth. Side-scan sonograph comparisons show the formation of coarse grained ripples, corresponding to spoil disposal sites in 10 m-14 m water depth. Other results indicate active erosion of the main spoil mounds with some shoreward movement of sediment in the western side of the dump ground. Volumetric comparisons suggest that most of sediment eroded from the spoil mounds is likely to have been redistributed within the dump ground area and has not (to date) reached the sub-aerial beach.


Purpose
Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman's work on modes of 'thinking' provides a
comprehensive text which is little explored in respect of work with people who have an
intellectual or developmental disability. This paper explores the potential of this work to
change staff development and practice.
Design/Methodology
Key themes from Thinking Fast, and Slow (Kahneman, 2011) are described and applied to
current staff practice.
Findings
Modes of thinking are relevant and important to understanding and improving manager and
staff practice.
Originality
To our knowledge this is the first attempt to describe and understand staff thinking and
practice using Kahneman's ideas.


Inductor operating at high frequency in several hundreds kHz range of power converter will cause severe winding loss and high temperature rise. Based on analysis of winding loss components, a novel core structure with distributing magneto-motive force (MMF) is proposed for structure of high frequency power inductors, in which low permeability magnetic film is introduced in-between high permeability gapped core leg and windings to build auxiliary magnetic path. In new structure, magnetic field in winding window area is distributed more uniform than that of simple lumped air-gap structure, resulting in reduction of AC winding loss greatly. Comparing with previous core structures, new structure can be constructed very easily with flexible polymer composite. Finite element simulations are performed to analyze and verify winding loss reduction for novel core structure. Design guidelines and experiments results are also given.


The recent identification of whale baleen from a medieval archaeological context in Perth raises the issue of what uses were made of baleen in the medieval period. This note investigates the military uses to which this unusual material was put.


Proposals for improving the performance of peer-to-peer file sharing systems like Gnutella often simply involve changes to the distributed search protocol. Since the effectiveness of any routing protocol is dependent on the P2P overlay network's interconnection topology, simultaneously controlling the network topology should enable performance enhancements as well. We consider how locally adaptive behaviors can lead to globally robust, scalable, and efficient P2P networks. We adapt topologies using operations of edge thinning, the removal of redundant links based on message passing utilities, and diameter folding, the selective addition of short-cut links between nodes at or near the diameter of the graph. Using network simulations, we establish how these locally selfish behaviors might help explain the ubiquitous natural occurrence of scale-free networks, and demonstrate how P2P networks that adapt their topologies toward more regular degree distributions improve in both performance and robustness.


Sericite was crashed by means of a supersonic air crashing machine. The ultrafine powder of sericite differing in size and D-T ratio was produced by controlling entrance pressure, work pressure and feeding speed. The sericite ultrafine powder was modified with coupling agent and characterized with IR and SEM. The results showed that surface modification effect by the organic solvent method is better than that the dry-mix method. The sericite modified ultrafine powder with better application capabilities and higher values was gained by a set of techniques of modification.


This article will talk about two experiences of the use of programming languages in educational environments, for the promotion of intercultural contexts. The first one, called Wawakipu, is an educational program for children to 8 to 12 years old, based on Scratch, which seeks to "awaken computer thinking" through the development of video games, based on indigenous stories and myths. The second case is another educational program for a university audience called "Tejidos Automatas", which seeks to generate reflections on the complexity of social processes in relation to code present in indigenous weaves, expressed through p5 .js, a programming language for interactive art.


In this volume, fifteen scholars from diverse backgrounds analyze American women writers' transatlantic exchanges in the nineteenth century. They show how women writers (and often their publications) traveled to create or reinforce professional networks and identities, to escape strictures on women and African Americans, to promote reform, to improve their health, to understand the workings of other nations, and to pursue cultural and aesthetic education. Presenting new material about women writers' literary friendships, travels, reception and readership, and influences, the volume offers new frameworks for thinking about transatlantic literary studies.


Intraperitoneal compartments may extend posteriorly to the level of known retroperitoneal structures at several locations within the abdomen. These locations include the posterior subhepatic or hepatorenal space, the splenorenal space, the retropancreatic recess, the paracolic gutters, and the pararectal fossae. Because of their posterior location, fluid collections within these compartments may be mistaken radiologically for retroperitoneal masses. The sectional anatomy of these spaces, and particularly their appearance on computed tomographic scans, are illustrated in this paper.


Objective: It is aimed to in this study, to determine the distribution of the pre-hospital emergency health services provided by 112 Emergency Health Services Stations in Bingöl in 2019, 2020 and 2021 according to the number of cases, location of the cases, gender, reasons for the call, pre-diagnosis, the way the cases were concluded and show the changes over the years.
Method: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. Within the scope of the study, the data of the 112 Emergency Health Services Stations in Bingöl for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 were examined through the Emergency Health Automation System (ASOS). The calls given to the stations, the reasons for the call, the distribution according to gender and months, the preliminary diagnoses and the outcome of the cases were evaluated.
Results: In Bingöl, the number of cases in 2020 increased by 41.8% compared to 2019, and the number of cases in 2021 decreased by 7% compared to 2020. In 2019, emergency calls were most common in the 18-34 age group (25.2%), while in 2020 (27.1%) and 2021 (25.8), they were most common in the 65 and over age group. While the most common prediagnosis was cardiovascular diseases (12.84%) in 2019, Covid 19 and related diagnoses were the most common in 2020 (28.4%) and 2021 (21.5%).
Conclusion: Due to the pandemic, the number of emergency calls has increased significantly. While the population per 112 station in Bingöl is half of the Turkey average, the number of cases per station is below the Turkey average. It is important to take into account regional differences and population density in emergency health services.


Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal pathogen of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) anthracnose, is highly variable. Therefore, understanding its race structure and identification of new sources of resistance is necessary for the development of varieties with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected from three major bean-growing regions in Zambia, and (ii) evaluate the CIAT Phaseolus core collection for resistance to C. lindemuthianum races 37, 73, and 566, and a blend of 20 races. Isolates collected from three major bean-growing districts in Zambia, namely Mporokoso, Mpika, and Mbala, were characterized as race 37, 73, and 566, respectively. A subset of the CIAT core collection comprised of 885 accessions of common bean, 13 accessions of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus), and 11 accessions of year bean (P. dumosus) were evaluated for resistance to races 37, 73 and 566, and a blend of 20 races in a greenhouse at University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 72%, 66%, 48% and 9% of P. vulgaris accessions evaluated were highly resistant to races 37, 73, 566 and a blend of 20 races, respectively. Also, accessions of P. coccineus and P. dumosus, highly resistant to races 37, 73 and 566, were identified. Only eight of the 331 P. vulgaris accessions were highly resistant to all three individual races (37, 73, and 566) and to a blend of 20 races. These eight accessions constitute a valuable breeding resource for developing varieties with durable resistance to C. lindemuthianum.


An experimental study was carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a power consumption and drop size in the liquid-agitating vessel with 4-baffle plates for the MIBK-water, iso-amylalcohol-water, n-hexane-water, and toluene-water system. The power consumption for each system was measured for each experimental variables. A dimensionless correlation for the power consumption was determined in relationship to the physical properties of the system, the hold-up, and the Weber number as follows: The drop size was measured by the photographing method. The effect of hold-up on drop size was linear, and the relationship of the drop size to the hold-up and the Weber number was as follows: For the MIBK-water, iso-amylalcohol-water, and n-hexane-water system, the constant C was 0.03 and B was 9.3. For toluene-water system, these were 0.073 and 4.8, respectively.


(1) The invention belongs to the art Bottles that have separate content storage lid (2) The object of the invention Those prior to is when having been raised to the moving member to the moving member and the fixed member is the contents fall as sealed portion leaving formed in the lower end of the moving member, is provided to the mobile member and the fixed member that in use is fixed to a certain upward the moving member but the technology of the type which the fixing member by the movement baltal after dropping the contents in the member member, which was caused a number of problems, the invention is intended to solve this problem. (3) Configuration of the Invention Are formed, the section of at least one projection tube inner wall portion of the moving member, the sheet is corresponding to the projections leave the Dolphin upward is hermetically sealed portion, the dolphin this chapter projection cooperate to this their contents in a storage area and moisture affinity of the tube the cause and prevent the drop about to be delayed. (4) Effects of the Invention The present invention either to those that can keep the heterogeneous material in the bottle cap, and the efficient management of the contents and diluted to obtain a change by the bar, in particular chemical reactions that can drink ingredient in that when using the container, and the storage space this is the advantage that the contents can be prevented by the protrusion section at any moment whether to evolve with water Dolphin contents easily fall.


The present investigation is a humble attempt to explore fishing techniques of the River Baral from November 2010 to May 2011. Different fish capture methods, fishing gears and crafts that were usually used in the study area have been provided. Hand fishing, cloth fishing, bait fishing and fishing by dewatering were also observed. Causes of habitat degradation and changes of natural habitat and declination of fishes were also observed. Some problems of the fishing community of the study area were also identified. A few policy recommendations have been given in the concluding chapter which may have some positive implication on the life and living of the fishermen in Bangladesh in general and the Baral basin in particular. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14654 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 115-124, June-December 2011


SUMMARY
The nutrient content of Festuca vivipara (L.) Sm. plantlets from a site in the English Lake District were compared with that of seeds of the closely related species, F. ovina L. The almost linear increase in dry weight of plantlets throughout the growing season was associated with an increase in their mineral nutrient content derived from the parent plant. Their amino acid and soluble carbohydrate content also increased markedly with size. The relatively high levels of free amino acids and soluble carbohydrates in viable plant-lets contrasts with the generally low levels of these compounds usually found in mature seed of grasses. Viable plantlets contained three to four times the nutrient content of F. ovina seeds resulting principally from the larger dry weight of the plantlets. The growth and survival of plantlets is discussed in relation to the success of vivipary as a method of reproduction in arctic-alpine environments.


Objective To evaluate the risk factors of HIV-Ⅰ intrauterine transmission.Methods We searched MEDLIBE and CBM disc.Eight journals and the references of eligible studies were searched to extract the data messages after evaluated the quality of internalized studies.Rev Man 4.2.2 software was used for meta-analysis.!Results CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were low in intrauterine transmitting mothers,with WMD=-164.58 95% CI(-203.64,-125.51).Maternal HIV-Ⅰviral load was high in intrauterine transmitting mothers,with WMD=1.08 and 95% CI(0.36,1.81).The number of low birth-weight [RR=2.26,95% CI(1.4,3.65)] and premature labor[WMD=-136.36,95% CI(-234.18,-38.54)] in intrauterine transmitting mothers were more than that in non-transmitting mothers.Conclusions High maternal viral load and low CD4+ T-lymphocyte are strong associated with intrauterine transmission.Low birth-weight and premature labor are associated with in utero-transmission.


Abstract : In this contribution we present time and space evolution of plasma parameters during ablation of titanium target in vacuum and at low nitrogen pressure using KrF laser. Electron density is measured from Stark Broadening of singly ionized species; electron temperature is determined from Boltzmann plot of lines intensities of the same species.


Many living organisms respond to pandemics using strategies such as isolation. This is true, for example, of social insects, for whom the spread of disease can pose a high risk to colony survival. In light of such behaviors, the present study investigated a different way of developing strategies to mitigate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. Specifically, we considered the strategies ants use to handle epidemics and limit disease spread within colonies. To enhance our understanding of these strategies, we explored ants' social systems and how they specifically respond to infectious diseases. The early warning threshold system reflects the importance of building mechanisms and making early decisions to enable appropriate actions to be taken to control the spread of disease and develop alternative plans. Determining thresholds is a complex process with several factors related to decision-making. For example, reliable warnings about pathogens among ants require the defense system to allocate more members to more valuable resources. The effectiveness of ants' disease-control strategies is rooted in behaviors such as social coordination between members, organizational immunity, disease-outbreak reduction, behavioral plasticity, and risk-threshold determination. Understanding such behaviors among ants could inspire the development of new strategies for limiting the spread of COVID-19 as well as future pandemics.


Conventional approaches towards energy-system modelling and operation are based upon the system design and performance optimization. In system-design optimization, the thermal or mechanical characteristics of the systems providing for the heat or electricity demands were derived separately without integration with the energy source and without interaction with demand, which results in low-efficiency energy performance. This paper presents a key review on the integration of biomass-powered combined heat and power (BCHP) systems in district-heating systems as well as coupling with thermal-energy storage. In BCHP design, the appropriate sizing of the associated components as part of the district-heating system is very important to provide the optimal dispatch strategy as well as minimized cost and environmental impact while it co-operates with thermal-energy storage. Future strategies for the feasibility, evaluation and integration of biomass-powered energy systems in the context of district systems are also studied.


A novel method is described for storing and retrieving the second-order correlation function of partially coherent fields. The key element of the method is an instantaneous hologram that records the superposition of a random field whose correlation function is to be determined and the mutually incoherent reference field, taken over a time interval that is much shorter than the coherence time of the random field. The method is somewhat similar to conventional holography, but differs from it in several important respects.


In order to perform risk analysis for hazardous materials transportation in an uncertain environment,and in view of the fact that the risk numerical analysis method can not distinguish major and minor influence factors and can not obtain factors' weights as well as can not reveal the "cause-result" relations of risk events,a new risk analysis method for hazardous materials transportation was presented based on rough set theory.Firstly,attribute reduction and rule reduction were performed on the primary samples.Secondly,case-based reasoning was performed to find objective laws of transportation accidents.Finally,the application of the model and its algorithm were illustrated with numerical examples.The results show that the most important factors that impact the transportation safety are the vertical curve radius and horizontal curve radius,and the driver and vehicle factors take the second place.


Nosocomial infections is well recognized as the main cause of the sufferings and even death of patients. This retrospective descriptive study on nosocomial infections among cases in medical intensive care unit at Pathum Thani hospital, was conducted during 1 September-31 October 2007 The main objectives of the study were to find out : infection rates, their effects complications, causative agents and effective antibiotics. It was found that were 72 patients, 14 of which were infected while being hospitalized in medical intensive care unit. The average age was 71 years. The rate of infections was 19.44 percent of the number of patient in intensive unit. The most common infection region on the baby was the respiratory system and 12 bacterium infection agents were identified, the common of which was Acinetobacter baumannii. The causative infection agents frequently found in the respiratory system was Acinetobacter baumannii (26.67%). In relation to urinary system, Escherichia coli, Staphylococus saprophyticus and Streptococci group D (not enterococi) were reported once in a separate case. For cases with bed sore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter aerogenes were also reported as causative Cafoperazone + Sulbactam Amikacin, Netilmycin, Impenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. Key words : nosocomial infections, intensive care unit, critically ill patients


In 1927 Littlewood constructed an example of bounded holomorphic function on the unit disk, which diverges almost everywhere along rotated copies of any given curve in the unit disk ending tangentially to the boundary. This theorem was the complement of a positive theorem of Fatou 1906, establishing almost everywhere nontangential convergence of bounded holomorphic functions. There are several generalizations of the Littlewood's theorem which proofs are based on the specific properties of Poisson kernel. We generalize Littlewood's theorem for operators having general kernels.


Transactional data such as shopping logs, web search queries and medical notes present enormous opportunities for knowledge discovery through data mining. When such data is published for knowledge discovery, privacy disclosure risks arise, making privacy preserving publication a fundamental requirement. However, existing publication mechanisms do not fully prevent an adversary from making an inference about the intended victim. While some solutions to this problem exist for the publication of relational data, they are not transferable to the publication of transactional data due to the difference in data models. This work aims to prevent inference attacks in the publication of transactional data by proposing a relative privacy metric that ensures that the knowledge gain of an adversary about any individual from the published data is bound to the general public knowledge. We then propose a publication mechanism Anony, which satisfies the proposed privacy metric without having to use excessively large cluster sizes. Finally, we evaluate our publication mechanism using two benchmark datasets and the results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism is effective and efficient.


Wang Ja-de Snow deconstructs the patriarchal binary thought,reveals the feminity,deviates phallocentric tradition,and interprets the marginalized,silenced and repressed feminity under the phallic symbolic order.Wang Ja-de Snow utters the voice,strength and desires for Chinese-American females and seeks back their identity buried in history and the power of struggle.


Distribution and movement patterns are described for summering (nonbreeding) Black Guillemots in the Deer Island region of the southwestern Bay of Fundy, Canada. Guillemots were distributed in areas with moderate current velocities (range, 30–68 cm/s) and shallow to intermediate depths (range, 17–31 m). The birds appeared to avoid shallow and deep areas with fast- or slow-moving water. Guillemots preferred islands with extensive underwater ledges, presumably because these harboured sufficient prey and provided protection from fast-moving tidal waters. Guillemots moved in and out of the approaches passively with the tide and, in contrast to larids in the region, made only small-scale flights to reposition themselves in relation to food resources.


This report describes and analyzes the systems of subsistence and renumeratfl.ve ) employment in four traditional Yup'ik communities in southwestern and western Alaska. The report analyzes the influences of cash and cash participation on traditional patterns of economy and social life in the study communities. The ) report examines what happens to traditional subsistence activities with the infusion of cash through commercial and wage employment opportunities. A theory of culture change is developed to account for the" observed changes occurring in ) the economy and society of the four communities. The theory suggests that only under certain sociopolitical organizations is increased cash market participation . associated with the reinforcement of traditional subsistence activities. ) It was found that the four study communities (Goodnews Bay, New Stuyahok, Oinhagak, and Togiak) currently were integrating cash and cash-related pursuits ) so as to support the subsistence sector of the community's economy. Commercial and wage activities were being integrated so that the subsistence and commercial-wage sectors were mutually compatible. However, the development of a local ) commercial-wage sector has brought the intrusion of certain social and political structures which may have long-term negative effects on the subsistence-based economy. ) All four communities were heavily involved in subsistence fishing and hunting in 1983. The subsistence sectors of each community's economy displayed common 1 features: a community-wide seasonal round of fishing and hunting activities; a wide range of species harvested; high production outputs; domestic family groups operating as production firms; production for local use; extensive non-commercial ) distribution and exchange networks for fish and game products; and traditional land use systems. Fishing for market sale to outside processors was the central feature of the wage-market section fishing for salmon and herring was of each community's the major source of ,, economy. Commercial monetary income in 1982. '. ,", ,,,, Case households illustrated typical strategies for combining subsistence and ' commercial-wage activities at the family level. Households typically allied in"? production and consumption networks of several households (an extended family ,' group) . Domestic family networks commonly combined commercial fishing, wage employment, and subsistence activities through flexible scheduling, complements y work roles, and investment of cash into subsistence technology. Case households which were productive in the co~ercial-wage sector were also productive in the subsistence sector. Highly productive households distributed their surpluses t less productive households, principally through kinship networks. ,, The viability of these four subsistence-based economies was primarily due to the study communities having been able to develop commercial fisheries and a wage employment sector without significant alteration mode" organization of production relations. The in part by: control of the division of labor and of the traditional "domestic domestic mode is characterized production capital by kinship groups; egalitarian, non-stratified production groups; small scale, affordable production capital; open access usufruct rights to resources for society members; and production for use as the principal production goal. Currently, the traditional domestic mode organization is under strain. Powerful external forces are pushing the domestic mode toward a stratified, industrial-capital organization. One force is the non-egalitarian limited entry permit system which has accompanied the development of a local commercial salmon fishery. This system creates restricted access rights to commercial salmon anct z two-class social structure. ,,... .;.l. 2: ,-:, .$ .', . . .,,,, ,. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. * , \ ,.9----.: ; ,p:j&~3 . ,.., ., . ,fq$$~y .,' ., . . . . . . . , ,,>, , ,,. ,. b The study found that increased incorporation of cash-related activities in and of themselves do not appear to be transforming agents of subsistence based systems. Instead, it is the structural reorganization of production relations that may accompany certain types of commercial-wage potential for disrupting subsistence based development which hold the greatest systems in southwestern Alaska. As the form of production relations are directly influenced by legislation and policy of the urban government, the future viability of subsistence based economies in the four communities may political arena, not the economic, if local control over the sociopolitical sector. be primarily determined in the sociothe communities can preserve traditional organization of the commercial-wage


Edison A Life of Invention. Paul Israel. Wiley, New York, 1998. 552 pp. $30, C$42.50. ISBN 0-471-52942-7. This biography utilizes the extensive documentary record left by Edison and his research and business associates to explain his legendary success as an inventor.


Social Policy in a Global Perspective--Frameworks of Analysis. PART I: APPROACHES TO SOCIAL POLICY. 1. Social Policy as a Field. 2. Social Policy as an Intervention Process: The Practice Component. PART II: THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT. 3. Ideology and Social Justice. 4. Political Power in the Social Policy Context. 5. Economics: The Epicenter of Social Policy. 6. The Welfare State in the Context of Social Economy. 7. Well-Being in the Context of Social Change. Epilogue: Choices are the Challenge.


Identifying persons using face recognition is an important task in applications such as media production, archiving and monitoring. Like other tasks, also face recognition pipelines have recently shifted to Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DNNs) based approaches. While they show impressive performance on standard benchmark datasets, the same performance is not always reached on real data from media applications. In this paper we address robustness issues in a face detection and recognition pipeline. First, we analyze the impact of image impairments (in particular compression) on face detection, and how to conceal them in order to improve face detection performance. This is studied both on face samples originating from still image and video data. Second, we propose approaches to improve open-set face recognition, i.e., handling of "unknown'' persons, in particular to reduce false positive recognitions. We provide experimental results on image and video data and provide conclusions that help to improve the performance in practical applications.


Yadavabhyudaya is a long poem in 21 cantos on the life of srikrishna and history of Yadu race with the commentary of Appaya Dikshitha


Objective : Investigate the relationship between optimism and pessimism and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and past life review in healthy older people. Design : 76 older volunteers summarised their lives, highlighting the most important events, impressions and experiences. Cortisol saliva samples were collected on two consecutive weekdays. High and low optimism and pessimism groups were computed by mean split. Main Outcome Measures : Percentages of positive (PE) and negative events (NE) and positive (PCE) and negative cognitions and emotions (NCE) were obtained. Optimism and pessimism were measured with the Life Orientation Test Revised. The areas under the curve with respect to the ground and with respect to the increase were computed, with the latter understood as the CAR. Results : The high pessimism group reported more NE and NCE and less PE and PCE (p's < 0.041). No significant differences in CAR were found between high and low optimism and pessimism groups after removing suspected non-adherent participants (p's > 0.116). Higher CAR was related to lower PCE, but higher NCE (both p < 0.008). Conclusion : Pessimism seems to increase the focus on negative aspects of the past, which may lead to a worse perception of life in ageing, whereas optimism contributes to a healthier CAR.


This paper deals with a coupled finite-discrete element simulation of a railway sleeper. The analysis aimed to show the trends of the stress state of a concrete sleeper during a conventional loading in the case of a crushed stone ballast bed. A typical discrete element analysis helps the engineers to analyze the behavior of the bulk material. The finite element analysis assists in examining the continuum materials. The railway tracks are complex systems, using both of the methods need to understand the interaction between the connected elements. The applied one-way coupled analysis highlighted the trends of the peak stresses on a concrete sleeper caused by the individual stones.


The low level of fish consumption in Indonesia has an impact on malnutrition. One of the efforts to improve nutrition from an early age is through the Fish-Eating Movement (Gemarikan) program. Gemarikan is a movement to motivate people to increase their fish consumption patterns. The importance of regulating fish consumption patterns from an early age must be prioritized because fish is one of the important sources of protein needed in the growth and development stages of children from an early age. The purpose of this community service is to be able to provide knowledge about the importance of consuming fish, so that they are more interested in consuming fish. fish compared to other foods. The service method consists of a location survey stage and the Gemarikan campaign through socialization. Participants in this service activity consist of early childhood with an age range of 6-12 years and the surrounding community. This activity was carried out at the Nurul Imam Al-Quran Education Park (TPQ) in the Pancor Lauq Mosque, East Lombok Regency. This activity received a very good reception as evidenced by the enthusiastic participants and lots of interaction in the form of discussion of participants and presenters during this activity. The benefits of this activity are expected to provide knowledge about the benefits of consuming it so that it can increase interest in consuming fish from an early age so that it can raise the degree of nutritional value for children in Indonesia, especially in East Lombok Regency.


The structure and operation principle of a novel solid MEMS gyroscope with bulk giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) resonator are presented. A finite element method (FEM) for modal analysis of the GMM resonator is employed in which the fundamental magnetoelastic governing equations of the GMM are solved numerically using weak form equations of COMSOL Multiphysics. For a bulk GMM with size of 4×4×4 mm3, it is found that the third order vibration mode with frequency of 182 kHz meets working vibratory mode of the gyro sensor, which is verified by harmonic response analysis. Compared with analogy method which simulates the GMM as piezoceramics, this method is more practically reflect the operation state of GMM resonator of the microgyro due to consideration of Maxwell force in the weak form equations. This paper provides important basis for further full magnetic electromechanical coupling analysis of the microgyroscope.


Summary Injecting estradiol-17β (1.2 μl of 1 × 10−7 M per 10 g body weight) or estrone (1.2 μl of 2 × 10−7 M) daily into the starfish Sclerasterias mollis for 16 days at early stage one of the gametogenic cycle caused an increase in the estrone and progesterone levels in the ovaries. There was a significant increase in the sizes of oocytes and protein levels in the ovaries of treated animals, but no effect on gonad index when compared with a control group. After injection higher estrone levels were found in the ovaries than in the pyloric caeca, suggesting that the ovary is the main target organ of estrogens. In the pyloric caeca of S. mollis treated with estrogen the estrone levels increased considerably. There were also differences in the progesterone level between the estradiol-17β injected, estrone injected or control groups but not in the pyloric caeca index or in protein levels. The results of the present and earlier studies on S. mollis suggest that both estrogens and progesterone form a regulatory...


Breast cancer is the second largest cancer suffered by women in Indonesia. The problem that was generally complained of breast cancer patients was the decline in the quality of life of patients Support groups are one of the more formal ways that's social support can be given and recieved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of group support in the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This study used quasi experiment method. Sampling technique was purposive sampling with number of samples were 40. The location this research was in cancer layer homes in Bandung City. The result of Repeated Anova in intervention groups showed the p-value was 0.000 or <0.05. As for the control group, the p-value showed 0.214 or >0.05. The result of One Way Anova in posttest 1was 0.124 and for posttest 2 was 0.000 Support groups could be established in Cancer Layer Home as an effort to improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients.


Thisstudy compares arecently proposed determin- dither generator. Theselection will affect modulator resolution, istic modulator design methodtoadesign basedondithering. hardware consumption andtheability ofthesystem toproduce Therecent method isbased onadelta-sigma modulator periodical longanduncorrelated sequences. Letussuggest apractical behavior analysis. Threedifferent dither generators wereused inthestudy: alinear shift register, rectangular andtriangular design example whichshould reveal therelationship between probability density function randomnumbergenerators. The these design parameters. Suppose thatapractical application study showsthatthenewmethodgives asgoodspectrum as requires aDSM with10-bit resolution. Suppose further that the resulting fromusing thebest dither generator, while consumingDSM should distribute thequantization error uniformly among less hardware. atleast 216discrete tonesbetween zeroandthesampling


Human resources are one of the keys to success in any organization and a leader must think about the level of performance of members in the midst of unstable living conditions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the main focuses in improving performance is by paying attention to the characteristics of human resources and reviewing how the communication works between individuals in the organization. The independent variables in this study are individual characteristics and communication, the intervening variable is organizational commitment and the dependent variable is performance. This study uses a quantitative method that the population is the management of Indonesian New Generation Commissariat of University of Trunojoyo Madura with a sampling technique uses simple random sampling which obtained a sample of 43 respondents. The method of collecting data is done by distributing online questionnaires and for data processing uses multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that individual characteristics and communication partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and performance, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on performance. Individual characteristics and communication also have an indirect effect on performance through the intervening variable of organizational commitment.


 Employee Resource Groups – A significant part of the year was spent transforming APL's eight diversity related Affinity Groups into Employee Resource Groups (ERGs). o Affinity Group type events and cultural month celebrations continue o ERGs play a strategic role in supporting the Lab's business goals and have partnerships with Lab's senior management • Formed an ERG Vision, Strategy, Execution (VSE) document that aligns with the Lab's own VSE • Worked directly with Lab's Director to identify priorities for FY 13  Establish team environment that includes one or more members of the Diversity Working Group (DWG), which is comprised of Lab's senior leaders  Utilize online interface to share information and track progress  Identify Thought Leaders that the Lab could potentially engage for exploring ideas and formulating initiatives during turbulent times  Identify and prioritize a set of challenges for the Lab to address during the next few years  Solicit ERG feedback on the Lab's FY 14 VSE after the initial draft is developed  Create a list of the top three diversity and inclusion issues facing APL o Formed a Joint Employee Resource Group (JERG) comprised of the leaders of each ERG, which interacts with the Lab's Senior leaders;  Participate in ad hoc discussions/feedback sessions (i.e., how to create and encourage innovation)  "Allies in the Workplace" APL held its first Gay Pride Month Celebration by holding different events throughout the month (i.e., kickoff event, panel discussion, guest speakers.) o Reviewed all handbook and policy language to ensure it was inclusive and consistent throughout.  Diversity-Related Communications – APL has made a conscious effort to expand its communications on diversity related topics and to integrate these stories with other APL news. A variety of venues used to share information.  External Speakers – Topics covered included: "Women's Empowerment – Women's Education," by Lori B. Garver, NASA Deputy Administrator; "Reaching for the Stars," by Anousheh Ansari – First private Female Space Explorer, etc..  Individual Uniqueness – Sponsored 2 annual Open Minds Open Doors (OMOD) to recognize diversity beyond race, ethnicity and gender. OMOD featured exhibits on gun safety.  Departmental Diversity Teams – Taking actions within Lab departments to target specific problems. Team leaders come together to share ideas and best practices.  External Recognition – In past year APL named: o "Readers' Choice Best Diversity Company" in Diversity/Careers magazine for the second year in a row o Top Supporter of HBCU Engineering Schools by Career Communications Group o Top Supporter of Black Engineering Schools by Black Engineer. com


A recursive nonlinear equalizer has been developed. The Bayes estimation theory has been used to obtain an unrealizable nonlinear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver for the reception of binary pulse-amplitude-modulation signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and noise. A realizable approximation to the Bayes structure has been derived as the combination of a matched filter and a nonlinear recursive equalizer structure. The equalizer has been made adaptive using a new algorithm that defines and maintains the time frame of reference and is constrained so that the equalizer's parameters always move toward their optimum values. Computer simulations have been used to demonstrate the properties of the estimate feedback equalizer (EFE) and to compare its performance to that of presently known equalizers.


Sinch is an application that allows mobile device users to obtain answers to their questions without having to perform a web search in their mobile browser. Questions are answered by human beings using Mechanical Turk, an online labor market for simple human computation tasks. Workers on Mechanical Turk can search for answers using their desktop browsers, free from the numerous shortcomings of browsing the internet on a small mobile device while in a potentially distracting situation. Sinch contributes an URL-rewriting proxy browser that can be embedded in Mechanical Turk tasks to track browsing history, text selections, and other user events. It also introduces two ways to improve the credibility of human-generated answers: providing multiple answers to the same question and including a browsing history with each answer. The Sinch application also allows users to view answers in their original context on a web page, using a custom mobile browser to highlight the answer text on the web page and zoom into it. Evaluations demonstrate that Sinch is capable of delivering correct answers in a timely manner and investigate the effectiveness of providing multiple answers and a browsing history for each answer. Thesis Supervisor: Robert C. Miller Title: Associate Professor


The separator of the present invention, a porous substrate having pores; is formed on at least one surface of said porous substrate comprises a mixture of inorganic particles and a first binder polymer, wherein the first binder polymer predetermined co the porous organic containing a polymer - inorganic coating layer; - comprises an organic coating layer of a second binder polymer which is dispersed to have a large number of uncoated areas scattered on the surface of the inorganic coating layer and the organic. Separator formed porous organic invention - inorganic coating layer is not easy to realize thinning of the battery without obstructing the stability have a high packing density, sintered and porous substrate porous organic in the assembly process of an electrochemical device excellent adhesive strength - inorganic particles of inorganic coating layer it is possible to improve the problems of leaving. The organic coating layer without increasing the resistance hardly increases the binding force of the separator to the electrodes.


Using a generalized form of Weber's theorem we construct a family of quaternary quartic forms representing infinitely many prime squares.


Report reviews various experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods of analysis of interactions between fluid and one or more cylinders across which it flows. Begins with discussion of mechanisms inducing vibrations in nests of cylinders. Major portion of review devoted to methods for numerical analysis of flow/cylinder interactions.


24. Bartlett TG. Roseniblatt JE, Finegold SM: Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of anaerobic pulmonary infection. Ann Intern Med 79:535-540, 1973 25. Herray WW: Unrecognized aspiration. Ann Thorac Surg 8: 580-581, 1969 26. Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, et al: Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram negative bacilli-The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 77:701706, 1972 27. Brayton RG, Stokes PE, Schwartz MS, et al: Effects of alcohol and various diseases on leukocyte mobilization, phagocytosis, and intracellular bacterial killing. N Engl J Med 282:123-128, 1970 28. Johnson WD, Stokes P, Kaye D: The effect of intravenous ethanol on the bactericidal activity of human serum. Yale J Biol Med 42:71-85, 1969 29. Louria DB: Susceptibility to infection during experimental alcohol intoxication. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 76:102-112, 1963 30. Haberman PB, Green JP, Archibald C, et al: Determinants of successful selective tracheobronchial suctioning. N Engl J Med 289: 1060-1063, 1973


Learning Management System is a web-based system created speci cally for the purpose of online learning. There are two points behind the making of this system, namely: (1) the weakness of conventional learning patterns (face-to-face learning in the classroom). Learning to type is in uenced by space and times are sched- uled so that if there is one component of learning that is not present, then the learning impaired. (2) The development of a technology that have advanced rapidly and also perpetra- tors of education are expected to follow this development. Learning Management System are discussed in this paper is built from two sides, namely the user and the administra- tor. User side provides several menus, including choosing the title of the course, download course materials, exam questions and transcripts. On the management side there are the menu and upload material about school, checking the test, give value, manage users and manage course in- formation. This system was built using a combination of software that supports the development of a dynamic and interactive websites, namely PHP using the Code Igniter Framework, MySQL and Apache Server. It also required the HTML language to create the look or design on the website. The process of system development at this writing starts from determining the concept, design, manufacture and nal testing on the Internet. Learning Management System can solve problems that arise in face-to-face learn- ing in the classroom, namely the absence of one component of learning in the classroom, but cannot replace the full-face learning, but only as an alternative or supplement. Bibli- ography (2002 - 2008)


It is immediately obvious that the German word Bildung is related to the verb bilden and to the verbal noun Bild, that is, image. The suffix -ung on a verbal noun in German indicates that we are dealing either with an act, a process or an occurrence (in Latin grammar denoted as nomina actionis), or with the completion or result of an occurrence (in Latin grammar denoted as nomina acti) (Drowdowski, 1995, pp. 873 and 875). Applied to Bildung, this means that we are dealing either with an act, a process or an occurrence, by which somebody or something becomes an image, or with the image that emerges at the end of, or as the result of, an act, a process or an occurrence. However, the fact that somebody or something becomes an image assumes, in a certain sense, that somebody or something is depicted. The German word does not, therefore, refer primarily to somebody or something that does something to somebody or something, but to an image—a model— of which somebody or something is to become an image or model. In the educational context, it is, therefore, significant that it is not clear whether the person possessing Bildung has generated this himself or herself, or whether it is a consequence of somebody or something else. However, according to the standard German understanding of the concept as an educational idea, a person has acquired Bildung only if he or she has assisted actively in its formation or development. In other words, in the educational context, the concept of Bildung contains a reference to an active core in the person who is gebildet. If we pursue the origin of the word Bildung a little more, some interesting factors are revealed. If we look up the term Bildung in the Brothers Grimm's classic Deutsches Wörterbuch (1984, pp. 22–23) we learn that the word has four meanings, which are indicated by the Latin expressions (1) imago, (2) forma, (3) cultus animi, humanitas and (4) formatio, institutio; that is, (1) image, (2) form, (3) cultivation of the soul and (4) formation. Kluge's Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1967) tells us that Bildung originally refers to a person's external appearance— for example, to the face. From the Old German word bildinge, which refers to a 'figurative idea', the concept passes on to medieval mysticism and is picked up by the German philosopher and mystic Jacob Böhme (1575–1624) in whose usage the physical and spiritual Bildenmerge. After that, the evolution of the word Journal of Philosophy of Education, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2002


This article proposes a procedure for identifying customers likely to respond similarly to marketing stimuli. Its findings are in general agreement with our proposed market segmentation methodology and provide evidence in support of relationships between consumer characteristics and buying behavior.


A type of nonderivative super subgradient was introduced for a set-valued map.Under some condition,its existence theorem was proved.As an application,under the assumption of near-subconvexlikeness,the sufficient and necessary optimality conditions were established for set-valued optimization problem to obtain super efficient elements.


The trial lasted 18 years for 1991 through 2009 for a family falls into the possession of the land surface for which it had property documents. Scientific research in procedural aspect of substance was begun by the late lawyer Maria Condrat and in respect for her memory I have spent over three years to continue a laborious activity in a struggle with the silence and the aggressiveness of the authorities. The process is to reconstruct the right of the property for the area of 9.98 ha. This trial is an example of humiliation and the subjects are people who have not asked any favors, but only the right that they deserved. Due to the hard work by the late lawyer Maria Condrat and my honest contribution, the Court House of Galati gave the final and irrevocable final solution to the respondents. Now follows the hard implement of the judicial enforcement of the decision.


Recent changes in the educational sector have lead many universities to re-think their existing approaches in attracting students to their institutions. Attracting better students and increasing st ...


The academic persistence of students in higher education continues to be a critical issue among academicians. Emphasized in previous studies is the recognition that intuitional variables do influence student's decisions to persist in attaining their educational goals. However, little or no past research exists on the effects of the higher education classroom on student persistence and satisfaction. For this reason it seemed feasible to identify institutional variables cited in relevant literature as being primary determinants of the student departure process. The purpose of this article is to explore the higher education classroom and its effects on student persistence and satisfaction.


Recent advances in Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms and methodologies, combined with the surge of computational power of available embedded platforms, allows the use of real-time optimization-based control of fast mechatronic systems. This paper presents an implementation of an optimal guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system for the motion control of a small-scale electric prototype of a thrust-vectored rocket. The aim of this prototype is to provide an inexpensive platform to explore GNC algorithms for automatic landing of sounding rockets. The guidance and trajectory tracking are formulated as continuous-time optimal control problems and are solved in real-time on embedded hardware using the PolyMPC library. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is designed to estimate external disturbances and actuators offsets. Finally, indoor and outdoor flight experiments are performed to validate the architecture.


The concept of sustainable development (SD) has become widely accepted among nations, organisations, and individuals. Recent quantitative and conceptual models have indicated relations between stakeholder perspectives of SD, brand image, and customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to estimate a Sustainable Development Index (SDI) as an easy applicable survey item which is used to estimate customer perceptions. By applying a PLS path model, comprising of the EPSI models variables and the suggested items of SDI, this study evaluates relationships between aspects of customer experience and customers' perception of SD. The estimated score of SDI is further analysed as an approximate measure of universal SD items applied in the literature. As such, the study contributes to the research community by further integrating customer perception of SD in frameworks measuring customer experience. The study data comprises cross-sectional multi-industrial customer perception data, consisting of 606 final respondents. The results show empirical support of the constructed index relation as an approximate measure of universal SD items and as a driving aspect of the customer experience.


The "in vitro" immune effects of K2TeO3xH2O (Te IV) and K2TeO4x2H2O (Te VI) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined. Te(IV) inhibited PBMC proliferation and IFN-gamma, IL-5 and TNF-alpha release from PBMC more than Te (VI).


A supporting space-frame has been designed for the segmented panels, secondary reflector, control system, and interface hardware of a near-term Precision Segmented Reflector (PSR) telescope. In addition to meeting areal mass density, vibration frequency, thermal expansion, positioning accuracy, and interface attachment design goals, the PSR structure must withstand Atlas launch loads. Analyses have been conducted of the optical pointing-related structural performance of the Moderate Focus Mission Structure (MFMS), with a view to both mechanical and thermal disturbance analyses; the results indicate that the dynamic responses of the MFMS optical mirrors, due to the chopping disturbance of the secondary reflector about its center-of-mass, are within maintenance sensor requirements.


This thesis aims to establish a novel technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the future ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of microelectronics. We developed a hot-wire assisted ALD (HWALD), where a heated tungsten (W) filament is utilized instead of a plasma to generate radicals. HWALD is expected to be another candidate for deposition in future ULSI technology. Particularly, this thesis focuses on the application of HWALD for W deposition by providing sequential pulses of atomic hydrogen (at-H) and WF6. This thesis demonstrates the results of HWALD W in the cold-/hot-wall reactor. In the cold-wall reactor, β-phase W of high resistivity was obtained, whereas the α-phase W of low resistivity was obtained in the hot-wall reactor. The α-phase W possessed a low resistivity of 15 µΩ•cm. Furthermore, a uniform and conformal coverage of HWALD W on high aspect ratio structures (up to an aspect ratio of 36). Moreover, an inherent area-selective HWALD of W was proposed. The nucleation and growth of HWALD W on various substrates were studied. No nucleation was found on a thermally-grown SiO2 surface nor on (ALD-grown) TiN and Al2O3 surfaces. On the contrary, HWALD W could be successfully deposited on W and Co surfaces. Due to the nucleation delays on different surfaces, an area-selective HWALD W process was achieved on W/SiO2 and Co/SiO2 patterned surfaces.


Voltage sag indices are essential for the evaluation of voltage sag effects on the power system and electric utilities, and for the improvement of power quality. In the paper, a comprehensive index is presented to describe the voltage sag severity considering the supply and consumer side simultaneously. First, the IEC 61000-2-8 table is applied to derive the statistical index of power system with the improved analytic hierarchy process. Then the utility outage probability is obtained based on a modified equipment outage model. Finally, the comprehensive index is extracted from the preceding two indices via the vector normalization method. The voltage sags are analyzed based on the power quality monitoring system installed in some city in China. Calculated results have shown that the proposed index could represent the voltage sag severity of given monitoring sites more explicitly, which is beneficial for the improvement of power quality and supply reliability.


Three lignocelluloses substrates have been used, as following: Mischantus, Maize stalk and Wheat bran, in order to obtain fermentescible sugars, which will be transformed into bioethanol. The substrates were hydrolysed using commercial enzymes: MethaPlus ( b -glucanase, xylanase, cellulase), Veron 191 (xylanase), Hep C (cellulase). The hydrolysis was performed at 55 0 C, for 20 h, at pH = 5,5. The best results were obtained by using MethaPlus enzyme. The efficiency of hydrolysis was 110.80 % for Miscanthus, 126.15 % for maize stalk and 118.76 % for wheat bran, reported to the control. The most enhanced quantities of reducing sugars were obtained in maize stalk, namely: 126.15 % using MethaPlus, 112.07 % using Veron 191 and 113.52 % using Hep C. The wheat bran was hydrolysed with enzymatic mixtures, for emphasizing the reducing sugars' grow, coming from residual starch's content (flour). In comparison to the control, the efficiency of hydrolysis was of: 181.004 % for MethaPlus-Veron M4 mixture, 168.83 % for MethaPlus-Veron 393 mixture, 205.86 % for MethaPlus-BG a -malt mixture and of 176.57 % for MethaPlus-Veron MX mixture. The enzymatic mixture which contains BG a -malt was the most productive, the hydrolysis efficiency being superior to all other variants.


Visual representation is one of the key structural elements of a textbook. A historical map is a graphic representation of the geographical area where historical events took place at a certain time. The subject of this research is the analysis of the use of a historical map in the Science and Social Studies textbooks for the fourth grade of primary school. In this paper, we have analyzed whether these textbooks contain historical maps, their number, whether they are titled, whether there are additional explanations or legends, and to what extent a historical map is referred to by the accounts in the text of the textbooks, on the basis of which students should, by independently interpreting, analyzing and reading the map, come to certain conclusions and knowledge. The method used is the content analysis method. The analysis indicates that all five textbooks contain historical maps, although they are not explicitly mentioned as a term in teaching and learning programs. Historical maps should enable students to acquire more permanent knowledge through independent work and map reading as well as develop new concepts with regard to historical content. Studying the use of historical maps in the Science and Social Studies textbooks is important for improving the teaching process.


Introduction Early pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended after a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this is difficult to implement, particularly for exercise training. High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) may reduce the work of breathing and dyspnoea and may improve exercise tolerance. Methods and analysis This is a single-centre, prospective, controlled, randomised, cross-over study. Eligible patients will have a diagnosis of COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of <0.7). Two constant work rate exercise tests at 80% of the peak work rate will be carried out on two consecutive days with and without HFNT. The primary outcome will be the difference in endurance time between the two conditions. Secondary outcomes will be the change in muscle oxygenation during exercise, dyspnoea and muscle fatigue, respiratory muscle strength after exercise, respiratory rate, cardiac frequency, transcutaneous CO2 pressure and pulsed O2 saturation. Nineteen patients will be included. Data will be analysed as intention to treat by a blinded statistician. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committees Nord-Ouest III, Caen, France (N° ID RCB: 2016-A01325-46). The study will begin in April 2017 for a duration of 2 years. The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT03058081.


The IRI2038 project explores plausible, yet provocative scenarios for the future of RD the signal is assumed to become a reality and its possible impacts are brainstormed. The point here is not to predict the future but to explore how it might emerge. After several direct (first-order) impacts are identified, the group and the facilitator select a few for further exploration. For what we called the "augmented workforce" signal, we identified many possible first-order impacts: * The use of physical augmentation to increase physical endurance and, hence, productivity * The development of a mental augmentation divide, similar to today's digital divide * The development of a distributed R&D workforce * The use of implants to collect direct consumer data * The rise of a practice of "tailoring" babies for specific jobs and roles * The end of the gender divide through physical augmentation * The extension of human life expectancy to 300 years-with all the challenges that will bring [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] We chose to pursue the first three of these, primarily for their diversity and their potential to impact the future in many ways (Figure 2). * Physical augmentation. The use of augmentation technology to increase human endurance has some interesting implications for the future. Long-term health concerns could create tension between safety and the desire to gain new capabilities, as with athletic performance-enhancing drugs today. At the same time, a workforce with increased endurance should be more productive and increase the pace of innovation. But the implications for future work-life balance (already an oxymoron for many) could be dramatic, depending on how increased endurance manifests itself and what people choose to do with their enhanced capabilities. [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] * Mental augmentation divide. There was great concern in the workshop group that mental augmentation would become another driver of a "have and have not" society, based on affordability and access. …