Steel defect diagnostics is considerably important for a steel-manufacturing industry as it is strongly related to the product quality and production efficiency. Product quality control suffers from a real-time diagnostic capability since it is less-automatic and is not reliable in detecting steel surface defects. In this study, we propose a relatively new approach for diagnosing steel defects using a deep structured neural network, e.g., convolutional neural network (CNN) with class activation maps. Rather than using a simple deep learning algorithm for the classification task, we extend the CNN diagnostic model for being used to analyze the localized defect regions within the images to support a real-time visual decision-making process. Based on the experimental results, the proposed approach achieves a near-perfect detection performance at 99.44% and 0.99 concerning the accuracy and F-1 score metric, respectively. The results are better than other shallow machine learning algorithms, i.e., support vector machine and logistic regression under the same validation technique.


Chromosomal translocations are very common in human cancer. The molecular mechanisms of chromosomal translocations are complex and unclear. Recent studies show that the organization of genomes is higher-order in the nucleus and every chromosome or chromatin has its preferential position and territory. Intermingling of chromosome territories in interphase maintains the transcriptional networks of genes. The spatial arrangements of chromosomes and gene loci in the interphase nucleus are responsible for nonrandom chromosomal translocations in human cancer. Chromosomal translocations are favored in neighbor chromosomes or genes in spatial proximity within the nucleus. These findings may lead to new approaches in early diagnosis and target therapy of cancer. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2012.06.015


This short note argues that the Ezekiel cycle on the frescoes of the Dura-Europos synagogue displays the only known ancient image of circumcision on a Jewish body. The cycle, modelled after the vision of dry bones episode in Ezek 37, depicts a body that is circumcised. Although there is only one body that displays circumcision, it is intelligible in the wider visual context of bodily reconfiguration, as separate limbs and heads form full bodies, and as human genitalia develop from small ambiguous appendages to larger distinct features. The presence of circumcision on a resurrected body is coherent with ancient Jewish literature that conceives of circumcision as present on angelic and perfected bodies, even in resurrection (Gen. Rab. 48:8). This visual depiction of a resurrected circumcised man at Dura affirms circumcision as a part of ancient Jewish notions of bodily perfection.


Summary Converted–wave prestack time migration is an important step in multi-component seismic data processing. Technically, its implementation is similar to P-wave migration, but P-S migration is obviously different because the down-going P-wave and up-going S-wave travel at different speeds and are affected by anisotropy differently. Some technical issues, such as velocity and anisotropy parameterization, anti-aliasing, reflection amplitude preservation, random noise attenuation and data regularization in converted wave (P-S) prestack time migration need to be handled appropriately in order to optimize the migrated image.


The donor properties of Na atoms introduced by ion implantation into pGe with the resistivity 20-40 Ω cm are established for the first time. Na profiles implanted into Ge (the energies 70 and 77 keV and the doses (0.8, 3, 30) × 10 14 cm -2 ) are studied. The doses and annealing temperatures at which the thermo� probe detects ntype conductivity on the sample surface are established. After implantation, the profiles exhibit an extended tail. The depth of the concentration maximum is in good agreement with the calculated mean projected range of Na ions Rp. Annealing for 30 min at temperatures of 250-700°C brings about a redistribution of Na atoms with the formation of segregation peaks at a depth, which is dependent on the ion dose, and is accompanied by the diffusion of Na atoms to the surface with subsequent evaporation. After annealing at 700°C less than 7% of the implanted ions remain in the matrix. The shape of the profile tail por� tions measured after annealing at temperatures 300-400°C is indicative of the diffusion of a small fraction of Na atoms into the depth of the sample. DOI: 10.1134/S1063782612020169


Labour Dispute Resolution is the second edition of a well-known 1997 edition. This book is written by practitioners who are clearly conversant with the practical dilemmas and challenges emerging from dispute resolution in the employment context. What should strike the reader from the onset is the fluent interface between pivotal theoretical legal principles and practical guidelines bearing on the topic. Another admirable feature of this book is the incorporation of important yet often overlooked principles of labour relations that pertain to dispute resolution. These principles are not commonly known by legal practitioners, culminating simply in a distinct disadvantage during the dispute resolution process.


Introduction SECTION 1: AGEING AND OLD AGE What is old age? Demographic and epidemiological trends in ageing The psychology of human ageing The biology of human ageing SECTION 2: POLICY CHANGE AND CONTEXTS OF CARE Policy developments in the organization of support for older people Health and social care for older people in the community Nursing older people in hospital Intermediate and long-term care provision for older people SECTION 3: NURSING OLDER PEOPLE: INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY AND SELF-FULFILMENT Communication challenges and skills Hearing Eyesight and older people Promoting safe mobility Care of the foot Breathing Eating and drinking Eliminating Maintaining body temperature Maintaining healthy skin Sleep and rest Sexuality and relationships in later life Pain and older people Delirium (acute confusional states) in later life Person-centred dementia care Depression in older people Dying, bereavement and loss Drugs and older people SECTION 4: CURRENT ISSUES AND REFLECTIONS ON CARING FOR OLDER PEOPLE Assessment of older people Health care for older homeless people Health promotion for older people Complementary therapies Abuse of older people Carers and lay caring Reflections


MED) at 311 nm wavelengths. The patients underwent skin sampling from lesional and perilesional area before and after 30 sessions of treatment. The skin biopsies were sent to the laboratory for light microscopy and immunohistochemical study. The evaluation of HMB-45 was based on the quantitative method, measuring the number of positive stained cells. Clinical response was defined as repigmentation in three categories: more than 75%; between 40% and 75%; and less than 40%. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 17). Results: Twenty-nine patients completed the study. The Wilcoxon test showed a meaningful relation between HMB-45 staining before and after NB-UVB treatment in perilesional skin. We did not find a meaningful relation between HMB-45 staining before and after treatment regarding the mean age, gender, mean duration of disease, and initial lesional area (P = 0.55, P = 0.41, P = 0.55, and P = 0.87, respectively). After 30 sessions of NB-UVB therapy, repigmentation was less than 40% in 8 (27.6%), 40 - 75% in 7 (24.1%), and more than 75% in 6 patients. Conclusions: The HMB-45 stain strength significantly changed after treatment in perilesional skin.


A retrospective study was conducted to determine the causes of ostrich carcass and organ condemnations in Zimbabwe for the period 1999-2005. Records of meat inspection available at the single ostrich abattoir in Zimbabwe were used in this study. The number of ostriches slaughtered for the whole study period was 55 957. The total number of ostriches slaughtered decreased by 84.8% from 1999-2005. The average age and weight at slaughter were 11 months and 110 kg respectively. The liver was the most frequently condemned organ, mainly due to fatty degeneration, parasitic infestations, cysts, cirrhosis and melanosis. The second most condemned organ was the lung, mainly due to congestion. Traumatic lesions were the main macroscopic findings associated with wing and neck condemnations, while abscessation and pericarditis were mainly associated with gizzard and heart condemnations respectively. Septicaemia was the only cause of whole carcass condemnations and resulted in the condemnation of 0.005% of the slaughtered ostriches. Only a year effect was noted on liver condemnations, which peaked during 2004 and 2005 mainly involving months from May to August. The rest of the condemnations showed neither a month or year effect. No zoonotic causes of condemnations were recorded. Optimal management practices on the farm and observation of proper methods during transportation and slaughtering are some of the ways that may be used to reduce incidences of condemnations.


The authors have previously proposed a multi functional layered network (MFLN) employing a quantizer neuron model and proved that a learning speed of MFLN is the fastest among RCE networks, LVQ3 and multi-layered neural network with backpropagation. The authors also proved that MFLN has very nice supplemental learning performance and can realize adaptive learning or filtering. One of the biggest issues of neural networks is how to design the network structure. In this paper the authors propose an adaptive segmentation of quantizer neuron architecture (ASQA) for answering the above issue and apply them to handwritten character recognition. The networks based on ASQA consist of quantizer neurons which can proliferate themselves and form the optimum network structure for the recognition automatically during training. As a result, there is no need to design the structure of the networks and the average accuracy of the closed and the open test of 27,200 handwritten numeric characters increased to 99.6%. The best tuning of a segmentation threshold of quantizer neurons produced the optimum network size of ASQA.


A synthesis of technical barriers and current research issues on biomass gasification for deployment at large scale, analyzing the main challenges for three generic gasification concepts.


The molecule of the title compound, C15H12N2O4, adopts a syn conformation with the terminal benzene rings located on the same sides of the central epoxide ring. The epoxide ring makes dihedral angles of 71.08 (18) and 60.83 (17)° with the two benzene rings. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.


Newly developed methods of visualization and determination of widths of internal magnetic islands are based on measurements of the perturbed magnetic fields near the plasma border. Reliable analysis of pick-up (Mirnov) coils data is rather complicated and measurement errors have to be minimized. Plasma wall interaction, electrical sparks in the discharge chamber, and resonances in the measurement systems could be main sources of errors but, also, the design of coils should take into account that the typical frequency band of the disruptive processes is in the range of ∼100 kHz–1.5 MHz. A double Faraday coaxial screening with a symmetrically input system of pick-up coils was developed for disruption studies in the TCABR tokamak in Sao Paulo. The main design features of this high precision pick-up coil system are discussed.


The variety of values and customs strongly affects the behaviours considered to be morally acceptable, the motivations to behave ethically, and the types of control that a company can legitimately exercise over its employees. This chapter displays the benchmarks within which ethical approaches make sense in different cultures, both for company employees and for external stakeholders. First, the cultural embeddedness of social responsibility issues is examined with a focus on the differences between the approaches that prevail in France and in the United States. In the second part, the question of corruption is addressed through an Argentinian case. It is further developed by scrutinizing the differences between cultures in which an ethic of respect for principles prevails and those in which an ethic of loyalty towards relatives and friends is favoured.


The design process is a critical component in competitive product development and in the industrial innovation process. The work reported in the paper tries to map the different patterns of design engineering practices as industrial innovation indicators as they occur in firms located within the National Capital Region (NCR) of India representing New Delhi and its surrounding regions and highlights the role of developing suitable indicators to tap specific design engineering practices and the network linkages. The results indicate that majority of firms possessing a separate design department exhibit a better appreciation of what constitutes a successful innovation and follow it up by formulating design engineering agreements with a networked partner simultaneous to marketing, service or R&D arrangements, and also that firms with more open cooperation with the outside research environments almost always have been more technically successful in designing


How can we better explain the adoption of a new technology under the condition of its unpredictable risks to environment? Given the characteristics of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity endowed in new technologies, their application affects environment through an intricate process which cannot be identified immediately. To address this problem, we propose a multi-system framework to map such dynamics, and argue that the adoption of a new technology with potential risk can be understood as the result of communication among political, economic, scientific, and social systems that are guided by different logics. This paper proceeds in four parts. After a brief introduction, the second section defines several critical concepts and develops our multi-system framework that illustrates how different systemic logics work together in deciding the choice of new technologies endowed with environmental risks. The third section depicts three cases of European Union (EU) practice through our multi-system framework, including nanotechnology, stem-cell research, and space technology. The final section concludes with the significance of inter-system communication to grasp the ceaseless choices in motion along with the challenges for EU policy deliberation.


ISSUE ADDRESSED
Men's health and lifestyle magazines are a popular medium through which hegemonic ideals of masculinity are displayed, influencing the way men behave and think about health (Crawshaw, 2007, Soc Sci Med, 65, 1606; Stibbe, 2004, Men Masc, 7, 31).

METHODS
This study conducted a critical discourse analysis of Australia's most popular men's health and lifestyle magazine, Men's Health, in order to understand how health is presented to men. Six issues were examined, from April 2016 to September 2016.

RESULTS
Three themes supporting hegemonic masculine discourses were revealed: a forged physique, (hetero)sexual prowess and career dominance. A fourth theme, the new man, was also identified revealing a shift in attitudes towards nutrition and style.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite this shift in the representation of masculinity, hegemonic ideals remain dominant in the construction of Australian masculinity in this popular men's health and lifestyle magazine. SO WHAT?: This study highlights the utility of Men's Health magazine in promoting health and brings into question whether the current representation of masculinity works towards improving or decreasing the health of Australian men.


1) As one of the developpers of the CLUMondo model it is nice to see others studying our model in a lot of detail. As the model is published as open source with detailed online documentation and manuals we have seen many groups making small or large improvements. As the model is published under the creative commons license it is good practice to make such a deviant version of the model distinguishable from the original developper version of the model. The authors of this paper have not done so, calling it version2.0 is not really something distinguishable from the main versions of this software.


Boylan et al. Pharmacodynamics of Oritavancin (LY333328) in a Neutropenic-Mouse Thigh Model of Staphylococcus aureus Infec tion, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2003, p. 1700 17O6.* Fetterly et al. Pharmacokinetics of Oritavancin in Plasma and Skin Blister Fluid following Administration of a 200-Milligram Dose for 3 Days or a Single 800-Milligram Dose, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Jan. 2005, p. 148-152.* Bhavnani, S.M. et al., Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ascending single intravenous doses of oritavancin administered to healthy human Subjects. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 50 (2004), 95-102. Lee, S.Y. et al., Antimicrobial management of complicated skin and skin structure infections in the era of emerging resistance, Surgical Infections, 2005, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 283-295. Examination Report dated Oct. 15, 2012, from the New Zealand Intellectual Property Office in corresponding New Zealand Applica tion No. 59.1525. Printout from ClinicalTrials.gov website, entitled "A Study for Patients with Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (SIMPLIFI), ID No. NCT00514527, indicated as first received by NIH on Aug. 8, 2007. Mercier, R.C. et al., Oritavancin: a new avenue for resistant Gram positive bacteria, Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 2005, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 325-332. Supplementary European Search Report dated Sep. 19, 2012, from the European Patent Office in corresponding European Application No. 09810708.9.


This study is undertaken to examine the factors that affect environmental technology adoption amongst food and beverage companies in Peninsular Malaysia. It covers four non regulatory factors which include characteristics of the environmental technology, communication networks, economic factors and technology performance that were argued to have significant effect on environmental technology adoption. The specific objective of this study is to determine the existence of relationships between the independent variables and the environmental technology adoption. This study is based on survey design and the time horizon was cross-sectional. Responses from 76 food and beverage companies were obtained and analyzed. The hypotheses were tested using correlation and multivariate statistical analyses. The results of analysis confirmed the hypotheses that there were significant relationships between the four factors and environmental technology adoption. Thus, the results of this study will be beneficial for researchers as well as industrial practitioners in the implementation of environmental technology.


A 57-year-old man arrived at hospital after 10 weeks of progressive abdominal distention and shortness of breath. His medical history included multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis and development 8 years before of a secondary chondrosarcoma of his right hemipelvis, for which he underwent a right internal hemipelvectomy and subsequent postoperative radiotherapy. There was no evidence of recurrent chondrosarcoma.

Upon physical examination, his abdomen was distended and a fluid wave could be elicited. There was no evidence of hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy.

Paracentesis drained 9.5 L of milky fluid with total protein content 38 g/L, glucose 6.2 mmol/L, cholesterol 2.68 mmol /L and triglycerides 8.45 mmol /L; cytological examination found no cells.

Abdominal CT, repeated paracentesis, hepatitis B and C serology, 1-step tuberculosis test, radionucleotide lymphangiography, abdominal MRI, colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy all failed to yield any etiology for the ascites.

Laparotomy to search for an underlying malignancy found multiple fluctuant, 0.3–1.4 cm cream-coloured cysts studding the surface of the patient's small bowel. They drained chylous fluid when incised. A segment 75–90 cm long of convoluted, indurated small bowel was resected and a small-bowel anastomosis performed. The right-hemipelvis transection line felt clean.

Histopathological analysis revealed multiple foci of high-grade angiosarcoma in the small bowel and mesentery with associated lymphatic obstruction corresponding to the cystic lesions identified grossly. Tumour was identified microscopically at both proximal and distal resection margins.

After surgery the patient refused further treatment. He was managed with palliative care and died 4 months after surgery.

In the Western world, chylous ascites results most often from malignancy. The proposed pathophysiological mechanism1 is obstruction of lymphatic flow between the bowel and cisterna chyli by a tumour, with resultant serosal lymphatic dilatation and leakage of lymph into the peritoneal cavity. Radiation therapy to the abdomen can cause chylous ascites from radiation-induced fibrosis and obstruction of lymphatic vessels in the small bowel and mesentery; it occurs, on average, a year after radiation therapy,2 and was therefore an unlikely cause in this case. Other causes of chylous ascites, including congenital abnormalities, filiarial parasites, tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, trauma and nephrotic syndrome, were ruled out by clinical history, biochemical and imaging studies.

After exploratory laparotomy, small-bowel angiosarcoma was deemed to be the likely cause of the ascites. Angiosarcomas, as a group, are uncommon. Primary small-bowel angiosarcomas are even rarer.3 In this case, we suspect that the angiosarcoma resulted from radiation to the small bowel. Long-term follow-up of patients who have had radiation therapy has shown an overall risk for postirradiation sarcoma development of between 0.03% and 0.8%, of which one-third are angiosarcomas.4 Criteria for diagnosing postirradiation sarcoma proposed in 1948 by Cahan and colleagues5 include no evidence either clinically or microscopically of the antecedent malignant lesion, development of the malignancy in the radiation field, a sufficiently long latency between irradiation and the second malignancy, and histological confirmation of the sarcoma. This patient fulfilled these criteria.

This case presented a challenge in finding an etiology. It serves as a reminder that malignancy is the most common cause of chylous ascites in the western world and should be suspected even when no radiologic or clinical evidence of an underlying malignancy is obvious. In this situation, exploratory laparotomy can be a useful diagnostic tool.

FIG. 1. Well-differentiated area of angiosarcoma with numerous ecstatic, irregular blood vessels lined by enlarged endothelial cells with prominent nucleoli. The small normal arteriole offers comparison.

FIG. 2. Poorly differentiated area of angiosarcoma composed of solid sheets of spindled cells with enlarged nuclei containing coarse chromatin, prominent nucleoli and mitotic figures. Numerous extravagated red blood cells are present; blood-vessel formation ...


A simple and feasible setup for amplitude and phase characterization of the response of a microwave nonlinear device excited by a multisine signal is presented. The described configuration is easily assembled with conventional laboratory equipment allowing a full amplitude and phase broadband characterization of nonlinear devices. This information plays a key role in the nonlinear dynamic behavior understanding in particular the memory effects allowing the realization of efficient linearizers. A calibration method to account for the setup errors is described in detail. The simulated results are presented and state the excellent dynamic range and accuracy of the setup.


Kernel based learning has already found wide applications to solve several data mining problems. In this paper, we proposed an improved linear kernel with automatic smoothing parameter (Sp) selection compared to the classical approach. Experiment results using some classification related benchmark datasets reveal that the improved linear kernel performed better than some existing kernel techniques.


Understanding the adornment system is actually how to manage the desirable work environment. This study aims to explain the effect of adornment system on employee performance in Mobin Petrochemical Company. The present study method is an application type and from the view of descriptive method is correlational. The statistical population of the present study includes all Mobin Petrochemical employee in Assaluyeh and their number are about 1300 people.And the sample size is about 190 samples and by using simple random sampling method, the required statistical sample is selected for this study. The research tool included standard questionnaire of performance measurement of Condor "s staffs (2005) and researcher made questionnaire to measure the five S"s adornment system. The main results indicate the effectiveness of adornment system on employee performance. Also, all five dimensions of adornment system effect on personnel"s performance.


The tree-ring chronologies of Abies georgei Orr were developed for 3 sites at different elevations: the southern (2750 m), middle (3050 m), and northern (3400 m) parts of the Baimang Snow Mountains in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The climate-growth response analysis indi- cated that trees at different elevations respond differently to environmental changes. The radial growth of trees found at the middle and high elevation sites was determined by temperature vari- ables (mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures), particularly during the summer season (June to August), while moisture availability (precipitation and relative humidity) during spring (in March) was the crucial climate factor for tree growth at the low elevation site. The linear climate-growth model derived from the composite chronology of the 2 high elevation sites was verified with indepen- dent data from 1958 to 2005, and accounted for 33.4% of the mean temperature variation during sum- mer (June to August). Based on this model, summer minimum temperature variations were recon- structed for the past 296 yr. The reconstruction revealed that cool climates mainly occurred in 1732-1743, 1758-1780, 1791-1824, 1836-1847, 1853-1862, 1908-1929, 1964-1976, and 1979-1993, while warm climates prevailed in 1718-1731, 1744-1756, 1781-1790, 1825-1835, 1883-1907, 1930-1963, and 1995 to present. Spectral analysis of the reconstruction using the multi-taper method (MTM) indicated the existence of some multidecadal (about 70 yr) and bidecadal (about 20 yr) cycles, which might correspond to the related cycles of solar activity, and significant peaks at about 2 to 8 yr, in agreement with the spectral mode of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-type variability.


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By controlling the cooling, mean temperature adjustment and isothermal cooling process, bainite and martensite can be produced in the surface and the core of the ductile iron gear using the 75°C hot water as the quenching medium. Since it has a high hardness value in the point and the pitch circle, a low hardness value in the root and the core, this ductile iron can be applied to the actual production of the gear. The gear surface organization will be affected by quenching cooling time. The appearance of the temper phenomenon can result in the decrease of hardness value in the surface of the gear when the cooling time is short..However, the content of the lower bainite can be increased by extending the cooling time properly in the surface of the gear. The influence of the quenching cooling time on the core organization of the gear is small.


Microscopy, the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis and rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) are required before artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria case management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several RDTs have been recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for use in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of SD Bioline malaria Ag P.f. test and SD Bioline Ag P.f./Pan test, two new RDTs for malaria diagnosis, before their introduction to Mali. A total of 736 patients with clinical malaria were recruited from October to December, 2009 in four field sites of Mali. 75 tests were transported and exposed to usual field conditions before use. The tests were performed on capillary blood. Light microscopic examination of blood smear was performed as the reference. The sensitivity and specificity for detection of Plasmodium falciparum were 99.7% (95% CI, 98.7 to 100) and 73.3% (95% CI, 64.0 to 80.6) for the SD Bioline malaria Ag P.f test, respectively; 99.1% (95% CI, 98 to 99.7) and 73.3% (95%CI, 65.0-80.6) for the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test, respectively. The sensitivity for the detection of P. falciparum at parasitemia < 100 parasites/µl were 91.7 and 87.5% for SD Bioline Malaria P.f test and Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test, respectively. The sensitivity of Malaria Ag P.f/Pan test for the diagnosis of non-falciparum species was 91.7% and the specificity was 97.8%. Both SD Bioline malaria antigen P.f and SD Bioline malaria antigen P.f/Pan remained positive for Plasmodium species 2 weeks after malaria treatment. The transportation in routine field conditions did not alter the performance of the tests. Both SD Bioline malaria P.f test and malaria Ag P.f/Pan test were adequate for the diagnosis of malaria countrywide in Mali.

 Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, SD bioline malaria test, rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs), Mali.


Th authors show that evanescent power transfer between the cores of a four-port single-mode coupler can be controlled by periodic modulation of the refractive indices in the cores. In particular, the effective coupling can be completely suppressed, provided the index modulation amplitude and period satisfy certain conditions.


This report describes an outbreak of suppurative peritonitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in an adult female of captive golden‐handed tamarin (Saguinus midas midas). Two virulent and multidrug‐resistant strains were isolated and classified through MLST as ST60 and ST1263. The microbiological diagnosis works as a support tool for preventive measures.


Since first being isolated and named carboxysomes more than 17 years ago, these prokaryotic inclusions have been studied with great interest. Several summary statements can be made regarding the structure, composition, and function of carboxysomes. The carboxysome is composed of 7–15 peptides, of which 3–5 are shell glycoproteins. The only enzyme demonstrated to be associated with the carboxysomes is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The carboxysome may be a dodecahedron or an icosahedron. The molecular weight of the carboxysomes from Thiobacillus neapolitanus is approximately 2.4 × 108. Rubisco may fill the carboxysome or line the inner surface of the shell. The carboxysome is active in CO2 fixation. The function of the carboxysome is related to the availability of CO2 to the cells. The molecular mechanisms of carboxysome function are not yet available. Key words: carboxysomes, review, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, Rubisco, structure, composition.


Table of Cases Table of Statutory Material *Introduction *Burden and Standard of Proof *The Course of Evidence *Witnesses *Similiar-Fact Evidence *Cross-Examination of the Accused *Hearsay Evidence *Confession Evidence and Related Matters *Improperly Obtained Non-Confession Evidence *Public Interest Immunity *Legal Professional Privilege *Expert Opinion Evidence *Identification Evidence Bibliography Index


Interviews and small focus groups were the methodological tools used for distinguishing leadership and entrepreneurial leadership in an engineering and science context for this preliminary investigation. Emphasis was placed on the gender elements in leadership by using conceptual frameworks from the research on organizational decision-making, sociopsychological fundamentals, and workplace performance. Forces that influence leadership and team behavior were considered through five framing questions: 1) do males and females equally emerge as leaders in engineering and science? 2) what are the key concepts in team leadership that vary in same sex and mixed sex composition of groups? 3) how do senior level managers distinguish leadership and entrepreneurship? 4) what influence do family and background characteristics have on the conception and practice of leadership? 5) how do leaders refer to the role of emotion in their work? Existing studies suggest that women and men perceive and construct the relationship between self and others in very different ways. Phase I of this study draws parallels from psychological theory to entrepreneurial leadership practice in academia, industry and professional sports. The goals of the work outlined was to both search for a preliminary understanding of the various categories of the influence of and of leadership and potential use for that understanding to prepare entrepreneurial leaders for the challenging global marketplace. Results are interpreted as preliminary findings and evaluated for organizing the methodology for the next phases of research.


A conductometric model was developed as a less costly technique to determine the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration in reservoirs and was applied in Vossoroca Reservoir, Brazil. A main portion of Vossoroca Reservoir is located in the Environmental Protection Area of Guaratuba and was built for regulate flows to a hydroelectric power plant, considered a clean and renewable form of exploitation; however, there is evidence that hydroelectric reservoirs could be potential emitters of greenhouse gases. The model uses parameters as electrical conductivity, temperature and pH of the water reservoir. It was possible to observe in the results the thermal and chemical stratification that occurs in the reservoir through the parameters temperature (18o to 25oC), pH (5.9 to 8.4), dissolved oxygen (with upper limit of 8 mg.L-1) and electrical conductivity (0.04 to 0.2 mS.cm-1). The campaign results showed good determination coefficients (R²), above 0.9, for all campaigns for the determination of dissolved carbon dioxide concentration obtained by alkalimetric titration, also made on the study site, and by the conductometric model (with upper limit of approximately 250 mg.L-1), but at depths close to the bed of the reservoir discrepancies were found. The statistical significance test (Student) did not show significant difference between the values obtained by alkalimetric titration and by the conductometric model.


In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the problem of hematocrit reduction (due to plasma skimming) in a capillary that emerges from an artery making an angle α with the parent artery. The analysis bears the potential to explore a variety of information regarding some phenomenological aspects of this important physiological problem. The flow is considered to consist of three distinct phases, viz., the peripheral plasma layer, the cell-depleted middle layer, and the core region which usually has a high concentration of erythrocytes. This study deals with both steady and pulsatile flow of blood, which is treated as a non-Newtonian fluid of Herschel–Bulkley type. A computational procedure is developed for a quantitative measure of the velocity profile, the volumetric flow rate, and the hematocrit of blood in a specific situation. The procedure also gives us an opportunity to examine the nature of variation of these important hemodynamic factors; this observation holds true irrespective of whether the flow of blood is steady or pulsatile. The study reveals that the velocity of blood in the parent artery reduces when the fluid index/yield stress increases. It is further revealed that the volumetric flow rate of blood in the capillary also decreases with an increase in the value of the fluid index/yield stress of blood.


This work proposes a design of compensation for radial distortion of the barrel and pincushion distortion on picture geometry, both of which damage the image by utilizing the fisheye design model in the code v tool as the basis for the compensation. In order to prevent the picture's form from degrading, this model was constructed using image angle height mapping. As a result, there are two stages to this paper. The first step is to create a fish eye design model that has a field of vision (FOV) of 180 degrees by selecting the most appropriate optical design specification and design parameters. The second step is an examination of the design model utilizing several Code V choices, such as 2D image simulation (ISM), modulation transfer function, spot diagram, and distortion grid. Radial distortion compensation suggests the projection mapping model as a solution to this problem; this model also incorporates the stereographic approach. The compensation outcome is displayed by the 2D picture simulation using the most advanced quantitative measurements and state-of-the-art methods.


Back Ground: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been demonstrated to be the most relevant predictor of increased future socio-occupational dysfunction and poorer quality of life which is linked to impaired functioning of the prefrontal cortex, mainly reduced activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Repetitive Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a relatively safe and non-invasive tool to modulate neuronal activity. High-frequency rTMS might have role in improvement of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Aim of work: The Aim of this study to explore the effects of highfrequency rTMS stimulation to the DLPFC on negative symptoms observed in schizophrenia patients. Patients and Methods: 40 patients with schizophrenia who accept and there guardians to participate in the study and sign the written informed consent were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS), before the rTMS sessions and after the sessions. Meanwhile the operator allocated the subjects to active or sham group then the subjects of the study received active or Sham rTMS . The rTMS was delivered for 3 sessions /week during six weeks, each session lasts for 13 minutes. Results: There was a statistical significance between active and sham group as regard PANSS Negative subdomain scale, used before and after the rTMS sessions (P value= 0.001 ) Also there was a statistical significant difference among active group before and after the rTMS stimulation( P value<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that high frequency rTMS applied to DLPFC may be of benefit in alleviating negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. A larger sample size is needed to confirm our findings.


This paper expounded the important function of library of higher schools in character education to build up the morals quality, comprehensive quality and integrating ability of talented persons, and in the self-learning and information processing. It also discussed the main paths for implementation of character education of tertiary schools.


The invention provides a method and a device for determining PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanning time. The method comprises the following steps: according to bed information of PET scanning beds, decomposing a CT (Computed Tomography) image which is obtained by performing CT scanning on a PET-scanned object into single-bed CT images corresponding to all the scanning beds respectively; estimating a residual true coincidence counting proportion after scattering and attenuation for each single-bed CT image; determining a scanning time proportion of all the scanning beds according to the residual true coincidence counting proportion of each single-bed CT image. According to the method and the device, the image quality of PET scanning is improved.


The cohesive strength of Σ 3, Σ 5, and Σ 11 grain boundaries (GBs) in clean and hydrogen-segregated fcc nickel was systematically studied as a function of the superimposed transverse biaxial stresses using ab initio methods. The obtained results for H-free GBs revealed a quite different response of the coherent twinning boundary Σ 3 to the applied transverse stresses in comparison to the other GB types. While the cohesive strength of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs increased with increasing level of tensile transverse stresses, the strength of Σ 3 GB remained constant for any applied levels of transverse stresses. In the case of GBs with segregated hydrogen, the cohesive strength of Σ 3 was distinctly reduced for all levels of transverse stresses, while the strength reduction of Σ 5 and Σ 11 GBs was significant only for a nearly isotropic (hydrostatic) triaxial loading. This extraordinary response explains a high susceptibility of Σ 3 GBs to crack initiation, as recently reported in an experimental study. Moreover, a highly triaxial stress at the fronts of microcracks initiated at Σ 3 boundaries caused a strength reduction of adjacent high-energy grain boundaries which thus became preferential sites for further crack propagation.


Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein present in humans and accounts for about 55-60% of the measured serum protein. The most crucial role of Human serum albumin (HSA) is to transport drugs, metabolites, and endogenous ligands in the bloodstream. Binding of a drug to HSA controls its free and active concentration which provides a platform for a prolong duration of action and ultimately affects the absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of drugs. HSA attracts great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as it can bind to a significant types of drugs which impacts their delivery and efficacy. This review focuses on the binding properties of HSA and impact of drug binding on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.


Art in Theory (1648-1815) provides a wide-ranging and comprehensive collection of documents on the theory of art from the founding of the French Academy until the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Like its highly successful companion volumes, Art in Theory (1815-1900) and Art in Theory (1900-1990), its' primary aim is to provide students and teachers with the documentary material for informed and up-to-date study. Its' 240 texts, clear principles of organization and considerable editorial content offer a vivid and indispensable introduction to the art of the early modern period.


This research aims to find customers based on characteristics of hotel customers who stay since there is still no research provides its technological state of the art. Through collaboration between Computer Science and Tourism, this research contributes on the development of K-Means Algorithm using WEKA application that can be elaborated into: 1) Search for best number of clusters used; 2) Identification of hotel customer characteristics; 3) Measurement of accuracy customer characteristics. This research can be used by hotel management to recognize customer characteristics so that they can develop strategies to get as many customers as possible, especially in Bali Province where Bali tourism is considered as one of the largest foreign exchange earners. K-Means algorithm uses CRISP-DM as a data mining life cycle which consists of 6 phases, the entire sequential phase is adaptive. The next phase in sequence depends on the output from the previous phase. In this research, it was tested on 2 clusters of up to 6 clusters. Using the value of sum of squared errors (SSE) is generated 5 clusters are the best from the other. Data on 5 clusters is used as reference to find characteristics of potential customers who stay in hotels. Through experiments, K-Means algorithm has an accuracy of 72% (108 of 150) tests using sample data compared to characteristics produced by K-Means. In the future, this research could be improved by: 1) collaboration between the K-Means algorithm and other clustering algorithms; and 2) add customer characteristics.


Two types of experiments were performed with a correlation interferometer on-board a Bell Jet Ranger 206 Helicopter. The first consisted of simultaneous ground- and air-truth measurements as the instrumented helicopter passed over the Cheverly site. The second consisted of several measurement flights in and around the national capital air quality control region (Washington, D.C.). The correlation interferometer data, the infrared Fourier spectrometer data, and the integrated altitude sampling data showed agreement within the errors of the individual measurements. High values for CO were found from the D.C. flight data to be reproducible and concentrated in areas of stop-and-go traffic. It is concluded, that pollutants at low altitudes are detectable from an air-borne platform by remote correlation interferometry and that the correlation interferometer measurements agree with ground- and air-truth data.


For a certain tourism destination,exactly analyzing its tourist structure is a deep basis for establishing its objective marketing tactics.The article analyzes the statistic data and tourism spot check questionnaire in detail,and primarily researches the tourist market structure in "Daxiangxi" from the following aspects: tourist fountain space character,time distributing character,tourist demography character and tourist behavior decision-making character.We have concluded some important laws which can provide a scientific basis for tourism market exploration and tourism resources exploitation and layout in "Daxiangxi".


Tibetan pastoralists have lived in the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan plateau for thousands of years. Living close to the land and dependent on the health of grassland ecosystems for their livelihood and well-being, these pastoralists have unique first-hand knowledge of the natural environment (Ekvall 1968; Foggin 2000; Goldstein and Beall 1990; Miller 1995; Wu 1997). Yet, as with many pastoralists worldwide, they have often been marginalized by government planners and development workers alike and their particular needs, concerns and aspirations, as well as their traditional land management practices and environmental knowledge, have been ignored (Bennett 1988; Blench 2001; Galaty and Johnson 1990; Humphrey and Sneath 1996; Loomis 1988; Miller 2000). In an attempt to help redress this situation, I have for many years now investigated how Tibetan herders value and use their natural resources, and how one community in particular, Suojia (pronounced Swo-jya), has worked to conserve grassland biodiversity for future generations.1 Central to this complex endeavour are the multifaceted notions of community participation, local ownership of projects and activities, and the building of long-lasting partnerships for conservation (Berkes and Folke 1998; Bernard and Young 1997; Brown 2002; Ghai and Vivian 1992; Salafsky and Wollenberg 2000; Stevens 1997; Taylor-Ide and Taylor 2002). This chapter focuses on the specific efforts in Suojia to protect the native biodiversity of the Tibetan plateau. Two main questions are asked:


Blue strike aircraft enter region ℛ to attack Red targets. In Case 1, Blue conducts (preplanned) SEAD to establish air superiority. In the (reactive) SEAD scenario, which is Case 2, such superiority is already in place, but is jeopardized by prohibitive interference from Red, which threatens Blue's ability to conduct missions. We utilize both deterministic and stochastic models to explore optimal tactics for Red in such engagements. Policies are developed which will guide both Red's determination of the modes of operation of his engagement radar, and his choice of Blue opponent to target next. An index in the form of a simple transaction kill ratio plays a major role throughout. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 723–742, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10046


In this paper we evaluate a region-based perfusion estimation methodfor outcome assessment in peripherals using C-arms. The method is based on a segmentation of the object in regions of interest (ROIs) derived from two rotational soft tissue scans and on angiography froma fixed viewing position. The temporal attenuation curves in the ROIs are estimated from the angiographic data assuming spatially homogeneous contrast uptake within the regions. The influence of the number of ROIs on the estimation accuracy was investigated in a simulation study using CT perfusion acquisitions as input data. Results showthat the homogeneity in the ROIs improves when using higher numberof regions, therefore the method is potentially very accurate, however at high number of ROIs due to the higher number of parameters theestimation procedure is more challenging.


Second and third harmonic generation are dramatically enhanced in slabs that simultaneously exhibit near-zeropermittivity for the pump and harmonic frequencies. The boost of the local field, together with the vanishing value of the refractive indices can deplete the pump for irradiance values of 1kW/cm2.


The genetics of mussels of the genus Mytilus has been widely studied at the level of allozymes1 and more recently via the mitochondrial DNA molecule2-5. In contrast, genomic DNA has been little studied. Recently, C6rte-Real et al.4 have designed primers and amplified two calmodulin gene regions (CaM-1 and CaM-2) in the mussel Mytilus edulis L. Using primers for the intron 3 region, they detected two size variant alleles, A and B (approximately 525 and 460 base pairs, bp, respectively), in wild populations which were then tested for Mendelian inheritance in embryos from single families5. In some cases, inheritance was Mendelian, but rather high frequencies of unexpected genotypes were found. For example, in one cross between a female AA and a male BB some AA offspring were found and in another cross, a female AA mated with a male AA, a significant number of AB offspring were detected. Possible explanations offered were (a) contamination between crosses, (b) external input of wild-type mussel embryos, (c) analysis of embryos with adhered sperm, (d) PCR contamination and (e) aneuploidy. Although it was considered that aneuploidy could account for some of the unusual genotypes, overall, the high numbers of odd genotypes and the significant distortion of Mendelian ratios in some crosses was not easy to explain. In the study presented here, as part of a larger genetic analysis of cultured mussels, three families of M. edulis were cultivated up to the juvenile stage and characterised genetically using six allozyme loci6. These juveniles were also used to test for Mendelian inheritance of the CaM-1 intron 3 putative locus in M. edulis. Chromosomal abnormalities are unlikely to survive beyond the embryo stage and therefore it is more realistic to test for Mendelian inheritance using juveniles or adults rather than embryos. Three female M. edulis (A, B and C) were crossed with a male (M). After settlement all families were divided into two groups based on larval growth ((a) fast growing and (b) slow growing larvae) and reared until the average shell length over all the cohorts was greater than 3.0 mm6. Females A and B were homozygous for the same CaM-1 intron 3 allele as the male (M) and only one group from each of the crosses AM and BM were scored. Both groups (a) and (b) from the cross CM were scored (Table 1).


Three filter strips were conducted on self-designed soil bins. Taking a filter strip with no vegetation as contrast, the effectiveness of vegetation and soil conditions on heavy metals (including copper and zinc) removal efficiencies were investigated by simulated runoff experiment. The results showed that the adsorbed state is the main existing form of heavy metal. For surface runoff, most of total copper and total zinc are trapped in first 4m and it is ineffective to increase the distance beyond 4m for removal. Vegetation has no significant effect on total copper and total zinc removal, while the soil with higher content of organic matter is contributing to total Zn interception. For subsurface runoff, the removal efficiencies of total copper and total zinc can reach to above 95.38% and both vegetation and soil conditions have no significant effects. Vegetation is contributing to copper ion and zinc ion removal significantly. Soil condition is only a significant factor to zinc ion, with higher content of organic matter as a contributing factor.


The episode of oscillations with the period of 90m was observed on September 19, 1999 in the light decay stage of V723 Cas. This is a slow nova having highly inclined orbit with the period of 0.693265 days. The phenomenon is explained by pulsations in the expanded envelope of white dwarf. The possibility of pulsations was earlier predicted by K. Schenker.


Solid ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) exists in five stable polymorphic forms (designated as phases I, II, III, IV, and V) below its melting point at around 170°C. Phase IV is stable in a temperature range of −17°C ∼ 32°C and is the only phase that has been considered by the atmospheric research community until recently. In this study, we examine the IV ↔ III phase transition of NH 4 NO 3 and how relative humidity (RH) affects the transition path and the transition temperatures using in-situ microscopic Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy. Two kinds of NH 4 NO 3 samples, powder produced from grinding commercially produced chemicals and single particles obtained by efflorescence of droplets on PTFE filters, were studied. The powder samples exhibit the IV↔III phase transition and the transition temperature depends on the RH while the single particle samples exhibit only the IV↔II transition at about 52°C (forward) and 48°C (reverse), bypassing phase III, with transition temperatures independent of the RH. However, grinding of the particles produced through efflorescence results in the IV↔III transitions. Differences in crystal structure and moisture content may explain the distinct phase transition behaviors of the two types of samples. These results suggest that solid and pure NH 4 NO 3 aerosol particles are stable in phase IV under ambient conditions.


Diplomacy is an art and/or practice of negotiating between certain states leaders. Namely, all international agreements are commonly negotiated between diplomats, before those same contracts are accepted by national politicians. International diplomacy in the world system also takes place through numerous events, personal conversations between diplomats, electronic communications, etc. In fact, an important element of diplomacy is working on current problems between states through negotiating. Most often, the leaders of certain states can not agree on some issues related to trade or foreign policy, or other issues of relevance to them, so here instead of using violence to resolve a specific dispute, diplomacy is used to find out solution. There are numerous cases of diplomacy in international relations, as well as case studies of invested diplomatic efforts between different countries. Although diplomacy has been an integral part of international relations for centuries, but still remains the most critical component in international relations. In this paper, we focus on perceiving the overall diplomatic relations between the Republic of Macedonia and the Republic of Greece after signing of the interim agreement from 1995 to 2008, on the other hand.


Abstract For spiders, morphological differentiation within genitalic traits is the main diagnostic criterion of a species. Beside some well-described exceptions of genitalic polymorphism and crypticity, spider genitalic variation is seldom quantitatively analyzed. Using geometric morphometrics landmark analysis, we report clear evidence of quantitative interspecific divergence and intraspecific variation in the genital shape of three species of the genus Paratrechalea (P. azul, P. ornata and P. galianoae). The genitalic species recognition was very consistent with our quantitative data for both sexes. Interspecific variation suggested a character displacement pattern between two syntopic populations of P. azul and P ornata, and also a possible case of species crypticity in P. ornata that will involve splitting the Uruguayan populations from the Brazilian ones.


The paper presents a novel approach for solving face recognition problem. We combine Gabor filters and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract feature vectors; then we apply Support Vector Machine (SVM), the most powerful discriminative method, and AdaBoost, a meta-algorithm, for classification. Experiments for the proposed method have been conducted on two public face database AT&T and FERET. The results show that the proposed method could improve the classification rates.


We have identified the most appropriate method of isolating human umbilical cord matrix‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCM‐MSCs) and compared morphological, phenotypic, proliferative and differentiation characteristics of UCM‐MSCs with bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) and umbilical cord blood‐derived MSCs (UCB‐MSCs). Three explant culture methods and three enzymatic methods were compared with regards to time for primary culture, cell number, cell morphology, immune phenotype and differentiation potential. Morphological, phenotypic, proliferative and differentiation characteristics of UCM‐MSCs, BM‐MSCs and UCB‐MSCs were also compared. UCM‐MSCs isolated using the 10 mm size tissue explant method led to shorter primary culture time, higher numbers of isolated cells and higher proliferation rates compared with other isolation methods. Immune phenotype and multilineage differentiation capacity did not differ significantly among six groups. UCM‐MSCs had similar characteristics as BM‐MSCs and UCB‐MSCs, including fibroblastic morphology, typical immunophenotypic markers and multilineage differentiation capacity. In comparison with UCB‐MSCs and BM‐MSCs, UCM‐MSCs have higher proliferative capacity, higher rate of chondrogenic differentiation, and higher expression of CD 146. The results suggest that the 10 mm size tissue culture method is the optimal protocol for the isolation of UCM‐MSCs. Given the distinct advantages of UC, such as accessibility, painless acquisition and abundance of cells obtained, we propose that UC be considered an alternative to BM and UCB as a source of MSCs for cell therapy.


In English and in Scandinavian, presentational expletive constructions with clause-final subjects can be derived by moving the subject to a Spec position in the C-domain, and then raising the remainder of the clause across the subject to an even higher position. The discourse properties of the clause-final subjects then follow without further stipulations. Moreover, the view that the clause-final position of the subject is the result of a phonological operation is not tenable, which means that various problems that would arise from this view are avoided after all. The differences between English constructions with clause-final subjects and their Scandinavian counterparts are consequences of the properties of the respective expletives. While the English expletive there can be the partial spellout of a subject copy, Scandinavian expletives are always syntactic elements in their own right. Two constructions that to some degree resemble the construction under discussion are shown not to be derived in a parallel fashion. For locative inversion, no analysis is given, but it is shown that it is syntactically rather different from the presentational expletive construction. For the English construction with an expletive and a divalent verb, which Chomsky (2001) takes to involve obligatory movement of the subject to clause-final position, it is argued that it involves a verb with two internal arguments appearing in their base order. The same holds for the corresponding Norwegian construction.


The study dealt with the analysis of macroeconomic impact of national presidential elections in Ghana during the Fourth Republican period from 1992 to 2016 based on effects of these elections on economic growth, government budget deficits, inflation and interest rates. Using annual data covering the period, 1992 to 2016, the analysis indicated that national elections did not lead to significant increase in annual economic growth as measured by the changes in real gross domestic product (GDP). However, the increase in government budget deficits during election years was established. Further, based on quarterly data covering 100 periods from 1992 to 2016, we showed that elections produced significantly higher levels of inflation and interest rates. Our study confirmed anecdotal evidence of worsening macroeconomic performance of the economy of Ghana as a result of national presidential elections which hurt ordinary Ghanaians especially those living on fixed incomes such as pensioners due to higher inflation, and also adversely affected small and medium scale businessmen as a result of increased borrowing costs from higher interest rates.


Development of the contemporary ecological or environmental law roots in the far past of the Soviet law-making period; it goes on creatively borrowing legal concepts, legal mechanisms and methodology of legislative regulation. The Land Code of RSFSR adopted in 1922 has become the first act that played a historical role in the development of natural resources and ecological law. Such evolution was accompanied by theoretical legal research carried out by representatives of the Soviet legal science on nature protection. In the constellation of scholars, a remarkable place belongs to Oleg Kolbasov a famous and talented researcher and lawyer-ecologist. In his works he raises the issues that are still topical both in the legal science and the law-making activities; these are the issues concerning the name of the branch of law dealing with nature and man interrelations, its system and contents. He is also the author of highly demanded fundamental works on Soviet water resources law. The Article provides an analysis of the Land Code of 1922, and Kolbasov's scientific views on the development of nature protection law in the context of Soviet land use, nature resources and environment protection legal acts.


In-situ TiB whisker reinforced, pure Ti matrix composites have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructure and morphology of the in-situ TiB whiskers in the matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties, such as elevated-temperature tensile strength, fatigue resistance at 600°C, and creep rupture strength at 600°C were investigated. When the composites (TiB/Ti) were sintered at 900°C with a pressure of 60 MPa for 30 min, most of TiB2 was transformed into TiB whiskers in the matrix. The composites sintered at 900°C with a pressure of 60 MPa for 30 min had the highest tensile strength at room temperature. The tensile strength of the composites sintered by SPS is higher than those produced by vacuum arc melting. The elastic modulus of the composites increased proportionally with the TiB volume fraction. The composites show the same or higher strength of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn sintered by SPS at less than 600°C. The fatigue and creep resistance of the composites at 600°C are relatively higher compared to those of Ti sintered by SPS.


In this PhD thesis we study relations among invariants of lattice polytopes. Particular emphasis is placed on bounds for the volume of lattice polytopes with interior points, and inequalities for t ...


One of the key issues of object-oriented modeling is inheritance. It allows for the definition of subclasses that inherit features of some superclass. Inheritance is well defined for static properties of classes such as attributes and methods. However, there is no general agreement on the meaning of inheritance when considering dynamic behavior of objects. This paper studies inheritance of dynamic behavior in a framework based on Petri nets. The notions of an object life cycle and inheritance between life cycles are defined. The inheritance relation is based on two fundamental concepts, namely blocking and hiding method calls. Several transformation rules are given to construct subclasses from a given superclass, thus allowing reuse of life-cycle specifications during a design. To show the validity of the approach, the results are applied to the development of a groupware editor.


This review is an attempt to summarize critically significant, recent contribu tions to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction and cell motility; it does not cover all the work on muscle contraction. Nat urally, the authors have tended to emphasize their own interests and their own approaches to the problem. Moreover, important aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of muscle contraction have been neglected unless they are imme diately related to the interpretation of muscle contraction at a molecular level. It is hoped that the interested reader will refer to references (1-13) for a general description of the physiology and biochemistry of muscle.


GCT, a human monocyte-like cell line, has been shown to release biochemically distinct colony-stimulating activities (CSAs) for mouse and human marrows. These appear to be periodate-sensitive proteins with critical disulfide bonds. One, of molecular weight 145,000 daltons, stimulates macrophagic colony growth and is related to a 30,000-dalton molecule that also stimulates mouse growth. A 30,000-dalton CSA for human marrow can be separated from the 30,000-dalton mouse CSA by isoelectric focusing and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This distinction agrees with our previous finding of differential neutralization with anti-human urinary CSF antibody. The 30,000-dalton CSAs stimulate neutrophil, neutrophil-monocyte, and eosinophil colony growth in human marrow but only neutrophil and neutrophil-monocyte colonies in the mouse. Subcellular fractionation of GCT cells indicates that there are pools of preformed CSAs primarily associated with the cell cytosol that have similar apparent molecular weights to their secreted counterparts.


Abstract Today, there is a growing interest in designer-led assessment efforts focused on social performance. While this interest has led to significant developments in our understanding of how people occupy urban public space, the spatial data-collection methodologies that are currently being employed are similar to those used in early foundational studies. This paper explores how advancements in digital automation might expand the designer toolbox and, in turn, help to inform design decision making. To do this, the paper unpacks a recent research project that experimented with an automated tabulation technique using computer vision to visualize the spatial distribution of urban public space users. The goal of the computer-vision output is to help designers observe and identify common social patterns across ten plazas in New York City. A key finding from the study is that the automated data-collection technique employed does not fully replace manual techniques, but is complementary.


The PRISMAS key programme has used the HIFI instrument on board Herschel to observe interstellar nitrogen hydrides along the sight-lines towards G10.6-0.4 (W31C) and W49N in order to elucidate the production pathways leading to nitrogen bearing species. We report observations of the NH N=1-0, J=2-1 and J=1-0, ortho-NH2 111-000, ortho-NH3 10-00 and 20-10, para-NH3 21-11 transitions, and unsuccessful searches for NH+ in both sources. All detections show emission and absorption associated directly with the hot-core source itself as well as absorption by foreground material over a wide range of velocities. The NH, NH2 and NH3 spectra show strikingly similar and non-saturated absorption features, which we attribute to diffuse molecular gas. The similarity of the profiles suggest fairly uniform abundances relative to hydrogen. The derived relative and absolute abundances are discussed with reference to models of gas-phase and surface chemistry.


We construct an infinite family of homology theories of framed links in thickened surfaces, as well as a homology theory whose graded Euler characteristic is exactly the Kauffman bracket of the link in the surface. Both theories are based on ideas coming from Asaeda, Przytycki and Sikora's categorification of the Kauffman bracket skein module of I-bundles over surfaces. This is accomplished by borrowing ideas from Bar-Natan's Khovanov homology theory for tangles and cobordisms and using embedded surfaces to generate the chain groups, instead of diagrams.


Greaves, J.H. f9E9. Rodent pests of agriculture and their control in the near east region. Arab J.Pt. Prot. 7:E2 75 Information on the status of rodent problems in the Near East region is reviewed. Twenty-two species of rodents are identified as having been reported to be common or occasional pests. The damage that rodents cause and the available damage prevention techniques are outlined. It is suggested that crop losses are highly variable, but may be about 57o on average, ranging from the negligible to about25Vo in some situations and, very occasionally, considerably higher. In agricultural and urban rodent pest situations the use of anticoagulant rodenticides is usually found to be the most dependable control technique. Because different species endemic to the region vary considerably in their susceptibility to anticoagulants it is normally advisable to use one of the more toxic, second-generation anticoagulants. For many agricultural applications bait containing zinc phosphide is said to give adequate control of infestation, but for field rodent control generally there is a need for a better acute rodenticide than is currently available. Burrow fumigation is sometimes applicable, mainly where it is necessary to control slow-breeding species such as Hystrix and Spalax. Training, extension and research needs are discussed briefly. Recent experience suggests that attention to organizational aspects may be the single most important factor in reducing rodent infestation and damage.


The generalized results of bench tests and statistical data on the commercial steel pipelines of heat-supply networks are discussed from the standpoint of the effect of the pH of the network water on the rate of internal corrosion. The level of the pH ensuring reliable protection of the pipelines against damage is shown to he interrelated with the content of sulfates, chlorides, and oxygen in the water.


Level systems are commonly found in the industrial field, presenting many times, a reasonable difficulty to be tuned by classical control techniques. Showing that controller tuning is still very interesting and important, the Bee Swarm Optimization (BSO) comes as a way for solving such difficulties. The BSO is a metaheuristic method that guides the search process, which is inspired by the great organizational skills of bees to collect food. Applying it to control theory, this method uses the resulting control system of reference by a PI controller. Thus, this paper deals with determining the values of the proportional (Kp) and integral (Ki) gain of the controller for a level system by the BSO, considering Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) as an objective function. The experimental results in a SMAR didactic plant were obtained to compare a BSO tuning method with a classical control method widely used in industry (Rivera IMC). Thus the effectiveness of BSO has been validated, showing it's an interesting technique to be used in the industrial field for this kind of process.


For highway tunnel emergency fire problems,using simulation software study of tunnel fire,simulation and analysis under the condition of highway tunnel fire evacuation behavior characteristics,determine the safe method of tunnel evacuation,according to the tunnel ventilation velocity is not available at the same time the spread of fire smoke determines the fire evacuation time(ASET).Through the analysis of the evacuation characteristics to calculate the required evacuation time(RSET),by comparing the ventilation velocity:at least to 3m/s in order to ensure the safety of evacuation.


To establish a structure and function map of the β2 integrin subunit, we mapped the epitopes of a panel of β2 monoclonal antibodies including function-blocking, nonblocking, and activating antibodies using human/mouse β2 subunit chimeras. Activating antibodies recognize the C-terminal half of the cysteine-rich region, residues 522–612. Antibodies that do not affect ligand binding map to residues 1–98 and residues 344–521. Monoclonal antibodies to epitopes within a predicted I-like domain (residues 104–341) strongly inhibit LFA-1-dependent adhesion. These function-blocking monoclonal antibodies were mapped to specific residues with human → mouse knock-out or mouse → human knock-in mutations. Combinatorial epitopes involving residues distant in the sequence provide support for a specific alignment between the β-subunit and I domains that was used to construct a three-dimensional model. Antigenic residues 133, 332, and 339 are on the first and last predicted α-helices of the I-like domain, which are adjacent on its "front." Other antigenic residues in β2 and in other integrin β subunits are present on the front. No antigenic residues are present on the "back" of the domain, which is predicted to be in an interface with other domains, such as the α subunit β-propeller domain. Most mutations in the β2 subunit in leukocyte adhesion deficiency are predicted to be buried in the β2 subunit I-like domain. Two long insertions are present relative to α-subunit I-domains. One is tied down to the back of the I-like domain by a disulfide bond. The other corresponds to the "specificity-determining loop" defined in β1 and β3 integrins and contains the antigenic residue Glu175 in a disulfide-bonded loop located near the "top" of the domain.


Among experts there is no consens about the question: What evolutionary step the information society has reached. Whereas a far-reaching consens can be assumed in the fact that information, like we find in textual representations, will be a decisive factor in information society. No matter what level we reached in this social constructions, a correction resp. a completion seems to be unavoidable. We have to pay attention to a new picture language, which the scientific community has not laid specific intention on. This article is written out of the view of an information science oriented marketer. It gives a brief outlook on the word marks key visuals, visual lead, infographics


Background: The intense workload and complex learning environment in pediatric specialist training program may lead to trainees' burnout. The study aimed to assess burnout and the associated factors among pediatric trainees in Indonesia.Methods: We conducted a multicentre study involving all (15) pediatric training institutions in Indonesia from June to August 2019. A General Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was translated to Indonesian language. The OLBI comprised of 16 questions which assessed exhaustion (8 questions) and disengagement (8 questions). The online questionnaire was self-completed by pediatric trainees in the study sites. Ordinal regressions were performed to assess risk factors (age, marital, sex, resident stage of training, and university) for exhaustion and disengagement.Results: A total of 841 trainees from 15 pediatric training institutions in Indonesia completed the survey (response rate 71.2%). The majority (72.1%) of the trainees was female with mean age of 31.2 ± 2.9 years. The Cronbach's-alpha was 0.74. The mean exhaustion and disengagement scores were 2.58±0.23 and 2.51±0.23, respectively. The proportion of vigor, mild, moderate and severe exhaustion were 48.3%; 42.0%; 9.0%; and 0.7%, respectively. The proportion of dedicated, mild, moderate and severe disengagement were 36.9%; 46.5%; 14.5%; and 2.1%, respectively. The stage of training (junior-intermediate stage), after adjusted to age, sex and institution was significantly increase the risk for exhaustion [odd ratio 1.47 (95%CI; 1.22-1.76)]. Disengagement level was significantly different among pediatric training institutions (located in Java and outer Java) [odd ratio 0.68 (95%CI; 0.529-0.885)].Conclusion: Burnout was common among pediatric trainees in Indonesia.


In this paper, we consider the robust transceiver design for a single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) based two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system with imperfect channel state information (CSI). We formulate the optimization problem for the relay filter and destination equalizers as the maximization of the achievable bit rate (ABR) of the system subject to a relay transmit power constraint. Due to the lack of analytical tractable expression for the system ABR under imperfect CSI, solving the optimization problem directly is challenging. Thereby, a lower bound on the link ABR is first derived and adopted in the objective function. Based on the lower bound, the optimal equalizers at the two terminal nodes can be determined in closed form. Subsequently, the optimization of the relay filter is transformed into a convex power allocation problem and an efficient algorithm is proposed to find its global optimal solution. Numerical results are provided to confirm the ABR performance of the proposed robust two-way AF relaying strategy.


PurposeDespite the strategic importance of the approaches, most of the approaches consider "internal fit" or "external fit", and do not consider the role of creative climate. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between approaches to strategic human resource management (SHRM) and organisational performance through a creative climate.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has divided into three parts. First, the paper explores the literatures on the constructs. Second, it examines the relationships between constructs dealt with in the literature. Third, the review identifies the gaps in the literature and describes future recommendations of research for this field.FindingsThis study can serve as a starting point for future research on the relationship between SHRM practices, creative climate and organisational performance in terms of financial, human resource and customer retention. Researchers and practitioners need to understand the relationship between the three constructs.Originality/valueThe paper helps managers need to design strategic HRM policies and practices that are aligned with creative climate and organisational performance. Furthermore, it helps scholars/researchers focus their research on the relationship between HRM approaches (universal and contingency approaches), organisational performance and examining the role of creative climate as a mediator to overcome its causal limitations.


In Malaysia, limestones extensively outcrops in the northern half of Peninsular Malaysia, such as in Langkawi Islands, northern Perlis, Kinta Valley in Perak, southern Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur Valley in Selangor. Although these limestone formations vary considerably in geological age and tectonic setting they are very similar in chemical composition; being dense, recrystallized, and massive varieties of limestone with little impurity; these are more likely to develop large caverns within them. Currently, most of these limestones are continuously quarrying for the production of dimension stone, aggregate resources, and raw materials for cement industries, part of urban development infrastructure and could be foreseen as future potential reservoirs of high-quality groundwater. Nonetheless, the fragility of karst environments makes it highly vulnerable to a variety of different geological hazards. The aim of this study is to determine the geohazard susceptibility of karst depressions in Kinta Valley, Ipoh using morphometric measurement and joints properties calculations. The joint properties calculate include spacing, roughness, aperture, persistence, infilling and weathering. This study describes the field data measurements of few quarries in Kinta Valley, Ipoh to examine the morphometric and geological features of limestone karst in the area. The effect of geologic evolution, structural properties and hydrogeologic variables on the geomorphologic and spatial distribution of karst depressions are discussed in this study.


H5-subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses cause considerable economic losses to the poultry industries in many countries, including China, South Korea, and Vietnam. Vaccination is the most important strategy to control highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in poultry. We studied the efficacy of inactivated H5 antigen in one-day-old chicks. One-day-old chicks were immunized in the pectoral muscles with a single dose (1.0 µ g) of inactivated H5 antigen derived from the highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus. They were then intranasally challenged at 3 weeks and 16 weeks-post-vaccination by the highly pathogenic H5N8 or H5N6 avian influenza viruses. The protective antibody and immunity against homologous H5N8 virus was effective in the vaccinated chickens until 16 weeks-post-vaccination. Vaccinated chickens challenged with H5N8 virus did not show any clinical signs of infection, nor did they shed virus through the trachea or cloaca. Meanwhile, vaccinated chickens challenged with the heterologous H5N6 virus did not survive, and shed lots of viruses from the trachea and cloaca. Vaccination of one-day-old chicks with inactivated H5 antigens is an effective preventive measure to minimize the economic burden of the highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses on of the poultry industry.


Autoimmune encephalitis may present with prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms, and is increasingly considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with altered mental state. Here, the authors navigate the muddy waters between neurology and psychiatry, describing the caveats of antibody testing with a misdiagnosed case of psychotic depression.


in presented study, the synthesis of silver nanostructures in aqueous solution and Saccharomyces cerevisiae water extract by laser irradiation is described. Absorption spectra of the silver nanoparticles synthesized in two different surrounding media are obtained. The absorption spectra of synthesized in an aqueous solution nanoparticles after irradiation by red, green, and blue light are characterized by clearly pronounced two absorption peaks. The absorption spectra of synthesized in the yeast solution nanoparticles are characterized by one absorption peak. However, the position of these peaks is red-shifted in both cases. Thus, using different surrounding media for the silver nanoparticles synthesis by photostimulated reduction, one can obtain nanoparticles with the given shape and shift of their absorption peak to the desired spectral region.


File-sharing has become very popular in recent years, but for many this has become synonymous with file-acquisition. However, there is strong evidence that people have strong giving (or gifting) desires. This suggests an opportunity for the development of gifting technologies – and it also suggests an important research challenge: what needs and concerns do gifters have and what technologies can be developed to help them? In this paper, relevant literature and phenomena are reviewed and an initial study of an online sharing community is described which revealed a number of important gifting desires, dimensions, and design possibilities for gifting technologies. The paper concludes by suggesting some ways these results can inform future research into gifting desires – as well as the design of specific gifting technologies.


The author determined the radon content of the thermal waters of Misasa, Tottori Prefecture Japan, at various times after flowing out, and obtained the following results: 1) The velocity of variation is expressed by a simple equation with respect to the radon content. At thermal temperaturee of 41.5-41.8°C and room temperature of 24.3-28.0°C, a following exrerimental equation was obtained, u:;ing a beaker with a inner diameter of about 17 cm and a height of 27 cm, log a = -0,0048t + 2.59 a: radon content in Mache unit. t : time in minute. 2) A close relation was observed between the room temperature and the rate of variation of radon, and also between the thermal temperature and the rate of variation of radon, that is, the rate of variaton of radon was proportional to the room temperature and the thermal temperature respectivly, as it is clearly seen from the distribution coefficient of radon. 3) There exists a c1ose relation between the velocity of variation of radon and the surface area being in contact with air, that is, the velocity was generally proportional to the square root of the surface area, or to the radius of the surface. 4) The velocity of variation of radon content was roughly inversely proportional to relative humidity of air. 5) Betweeen the range of sodium chloride concentrations from 0.1 to 40.1 g. per liter no difference was proved concerning the velocities of variation in radon content.


We propose several algorithms to achieve hitless bandwidth defragmentation using spectrum retuning in elastic optical networks. Two retuning techniques, spectrum sweeping and hop tuning, are studied. Simulation results show that the hop tuning technique achieves better defragmentation performance.


In this paper we derived Hawking radiation as a tuneling of massless particles through a non-singular horizon in the s-wave approximation. The back reaction of emitted modes on the background black hole geometry is self-consistently taken into account. This is arXive copy of the paper published in the Russian journal "Gravitation and Cosmology" in 1999.


EVALUATING SOFT BIOMETRICS IN THE CONTEXT OF FACE RECOGNITION Soft biometrics typically refer to attributes of people such as their gender, the shape of their head, the color of their hair, etc. There is growing interest in soft biometrics as a means of improving automated face recognition since they hold the promise of significantly reducing recognition errors, in part by ruling out illogical choices. Here four experiments quantify performance gains on a difficult face recognition task when standard face recognition algorithms are augmented using information associated with soft biometrics. These experiments include a best-case analysis using perfect knowledge of gender and race, support vector machine-based soft biometric classifiers, face shape expressed through an active shape model, and finally appearance information from the image region directly surrounding the face. All four experiments indicate small improvements may be made when soft biometrics augment an existing algorithm. However, in all cases, the gains were modest. In the context of face recognition, empirical evidence suggests that significant gains using soft biometrics are hard to come by.


In different ways, all the articles brought together here testify to the complexity of the processes by which television provides for its viewers a 'sense' of the past. This is, first of all, a sense working through the eyes and the ears to produce an encounter with the physicality of the past as places, people, objects and actions and then, on the basis of this, a more deeply cognitive and affective engagement with its meanings and implications (a sensing and then a making sense, one might say, playing on the richness of the relations between the two meanings of the word). It is this sensory engagement that makes watching television history, whatever its format, so different from reading history. For however rich in detail the accounts of historians, and whatever the pictorial illustration, the words of the writer are always there, necessarily managing the flow of the narrative and the terms of explanation. This literate control of the discourse is a strength of historical scholarship, one that has been subj ect to a wide variety of alternatives and subversions as well as steady continuity. Many television programmes have needed to think carefully about how to adopt a version of it, most obviously through commentary and expert interview. However, television's distinctive way of 'doing' history, the basis of its popularity and impact is, with few exceptions, by offering a more phenomenological encounter with the past, by conj uring the past up (whether by dramatization, archive film, voiced contemporary accounts or just a steady contemplation of the places and spaces of past events). A good example of this is provided in the article by Emma Hanna when she notes the powerful impact of the image of the staring soldier in the opening sequences of episodes of The Great TWar. A mute, visual encounter of a tightly localized and personalized kind works to condense a whole range of feelings and transforms itself, for many viewers, into a moment of summarizing emotional knowledge. It is through similar approaches to achieving what we can call 'the shock of the old' that television makes its distinctive contribution to popular historical sense at the same time as it becomes controversial, even scandalous. For at best, the priority it may give variously to the textures


Bug reporting is a feature that is provided with the intent that the user can submit a bug report regarding software malfunction. Most of the sizeable open source software is equipped with this feature. Such reporting systems are generally termed "issue tracking systems." One of the typical attributes of a bug report is severity, which is often marked as critical by users in most bug reports. However, not all bugs are critical, and the ones that are actually critical can be overlooked in such a situation. Likewise, there are some other types of classifications of bug reports, some of which require more critical attention in one context or the other. For example, the bug report might be labeled as one of the non-functional requirements like robustness, security, efficiency, etc., or might be in some other class domain like UI, Database, and Notifications, etc. Often, for large software projects, we are interested in two or more of such class labels for the consideration of bug reports, so as to determine the priority of assignment to the developer for resolution. This paper considers the Eclipse software database for the determination of multiclass labels for the purpose of the determination of priorities in changing contexts.


Family education, school education and social education are three components of modern civil education. These three differentiate and relate with one another. Especially the former two lay the base for the individual all-around development, but each of them plays an irreplaceable role respectively. In fact, family education has been weakened for a long time. Many parents hold that education is in the charge of teachers and they don't have to care about their children's performance in school. The marginalization of family education has directly and negatively influenced college students' healthy growth and maturity. Hence, family education plays an important role in enhancing their all-around development and perfecting their personality during the campus life.


Abstract Fledgling counts are often used to estimate fledgling production or calculate an index of chick survival (i.e., fledging success) in the Least Tern (Sterna antillarum). Timing of counts is critical because numbers of fledglings present may be influenced by temporal patterns in fledgling departures from colonies and post-fledging mortality. The objectives of the present study were to measure chick survival and fledgling residence time (FRT) at three Least Tern colonies in Maine and examine the accuracy of single or multiple counts of fledglings for estimating fledgling production and fledging success. Chicks were color-banded at age zero to one d in 2002-2003 to estimate chick survival using mark-resighting methods and to examine relationships between fledging date and FRT. Colony sites were searched for banded chicks and fledglings every one to three d from just prior to fledging until their disappearance from the vicinity of nesting areas at three colonies. Data on numbers of banded fledglings known alive on each survey date were used to simulate single or periodic counts of banded fledglings for the purpose of comparing estimates of fledgling production and success based on count methods with known values. Chick survival estimates were 0.73, 0.74, and 0.14 for the three colonies. Fledgling residence times decreased relative to fledging date at all colonies, and the trend for maximum values of FRT, which may be an indicator of the maximum time to departure, varied from approximately 30 d in mid-July to 15 d in early to mid-August. The highest one-d counts of fledglings underestimated fledgling production by 21-30% for the two sites with high chick survival. Methods based on multiple counts also tended to underestimate fledgling production. Fledgling residency patterns limit the utility of count methods for estimating fledgling production and fledging success.


Theoretical models predict that core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can be efficient dust producers (0.1–1.0 M⊙), potentially accounting for most of the dust production in the early Universe. Observational evidence for this dust production efficiency is however currently limited to only a few CCSN remnants (e.g. SN 1987A, Crab nebula). In this paper, we revisit the dust mass produced in Cassiopeia A (Cas A), a ∼330-yr old O-rich Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) embedded in a dense interstellar foreground and background. We present the first spatially resolved analysis of Cas A based on Spitzer and Herschel infrared and submillimetre data at a common resolution of ∼0.6 arcmin for this 5 arcmin diameter remnant following a careful removal of contaminating line emission and synchrotron radiation. We fit the dust continuum from 17 to 500 μm with a four-component interstellar medium and supernova (SN) dust model. We find a concentration of cold dust in the unshocked ejecta of Cas A and derive a mass of 0.3–0.5 M⊙ of silicate grains freshly produced in the SNR, with a lower limit of ≥0.1–0.2 M⊙. For a mixture of 50 per cent of silicate-type grains and 50 per cent of carbonaceous grains, we derive a total SN dust mass between 0.4 and 0.6 M⊙. These dust mass estimates are higher than from most previous studies of Cas A and support the scenario of SN-dominated dust production at high redshifts. We furthermore derive an interstellar extinction map for the field around Cas A which towards Cas A gives average values of AV = 6–8 mag, up to a maximum of AV = 15 mag.


The purpose of the work is to assess the role and influence of Russian Orthodox traditions and family values on the formation of the appearance of youth of the XXI century within the framework of the state family policy. Materials and methods. On the basis of an analysis of the provisions of normative legal acts and the practice of their application, characterize the features of the implementation of measures and measures of state family policy, taking into account the experience of the Federation and the regions. Study results. The study allows us to state that respect for work, support and love of family and loved ones, forgiveness of grievances, attention to the needs of the neighbor, preservation of the spiritual historical heritage are the main tenets of preserving traditional family life, without which the prosperity and well-being of Russian society is unthinkable. Conclusions. The state family policy activities carried out by the authorities and management bodies, both at the federal and regional levels, based on the revival of the spiritual and cultural foundations of Orthodoxy and the original Russian family traditions, make it possible to once again form a solid foundation for the institution of the Russian family.