The analysis of the responsiveness of an asset traded on the stock market to the impact of the market, complements and improves the traditional beta-analysis of the market model. An instrument has been created to supply a more authentic idea of the inner qualities of the system, as more stages of liberty have been conceded to the financial assets. The suggested approach creates opportunities for more precise definition of its responsiveness to the changes of the market. The improvement of the existing analytical instrument allows for a more precise forecast of future profitability of assets.


The ability of penetrating deeply into single quantum system can help reveal the unique information of the quantum individuals used to be averaged by the ensemble statistics in traditional macroscopic measurement. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, which has an ultralong coherence time and can be readout and manipulated through ODMR (optically detected magnetic resonance) techniques under room temperature, has been an important platform achieving quantum precision measurement and quantum information processing. Particularly in magnetometry, the researches on single spin imaging are in full swing. In this review we retrospect the work about quantum precision metrology based on the NV center, and introduce the progress in sensing magnetic field, electric field, mechanical system and temperature. We also discuss the possible developing directions in this area.


Excerpt Quinidine sulphate has rightfully earned a permanent place in the treatment of cardiac irregularities, especially those which are secondary to hyperthyroidism. The heart rhythm naturally te...


5. Set h1 = (1, 2)(3, 4), h2 = (1, 3)(2, 4), h3 = (1, 4)(2, 3). Clearly h 2 i = 1 for all i, so that hi = h −1 i and thus (since 1 is its own inverse too) H is closed under taking inverses and contains 1. To see that H is closed in general, there is no problem with the products 1 · 1, 1 · hi = hi · 1, or hi , so we must just check hihj for i 6= j. For example, h1h2 = h3, and hence h2h1 = h −1 2 h −1 1 = (h1h2) −1 = h−1 3 = h3, where we have freely used hi = h −1 i . Similarly h2h3 = h3h2 = h1 and h1h3 = h3h1 = h2. This shows that H is a subgroup of A4 and hence of S4. To see that H ∼= V , there are two different approaches: 1) we have already classified all groups of order 4 in a previous homework and they are either cyclic or isomorphic to V . Since H does not contain an element of order 4, it must be isomorphic to V . 2) V is an abelian group with 4 elements 1, a, b, c satisfying a2 = b2 = c2 = 1, and ab = ba = c, etc. (the product of two unequal elements in V − {1} is the remaining element in V − {1}). Since H also has this property, any bijection f from


Combined with practical work the design objective of integrative service area in administration center of Jiaonan is introduced as well as its general arrangement.From function partitions,architectural form,landscape design,energy-saving design,traffic design and other aspects discussion is made on its architectural design in order to create harmonious architectural environment and upgrade urban image for Jiaonan city.


The health crisis caused by COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the provision of physiotherapists' services during the pandemic. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a major health problem and one of the most common causes of pain in the front of the knee in outpatients. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic physical exercise (TPE) program supervised by a physiotherapist using telematic channels in reducing pain and disability in a sample of 54 patients with PFPS in the Physiotherapy Service of the San José de la Rinconada Health Center (Seville). Subjects were evaluated pre- and post-intervention (4 weeks—12 treatment sessions). An analysis was made of perceived pain—using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the DN4 neuropathic pain questionnaire—and functional balance—through the Kujala Score test and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The supervised TPE program in patients with PFPS produced a reduction in pain: VAS F1, 52 = 8.68 (p = 0.005) η2 = 0.14 and DN4: F1, 52 = 69.94 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.57; and in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) disability: F1, 52 = 19.1 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.27 and KUJALA: F1, 52 = 60.28 (p = 0.000) η2 = 0.54, which was statistically significant (p = 0.000 for p < 0.05). Hence, the TPE program presented was effective in reducing pain and disability in patients with PFPS.


Objective To evaluate the expression and significance of p16 protein in colorectal carcinoma, and to study the relationship between p16 and cellular proliferation activity. Methods The EnVision immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of p16 and Ki-67 in 60 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 47 cases of colorectal adenoma. Results The negative rates of p16 in colorectal carcinoma and adenoma were 26.7% and 25.5%, respectively. Ki-67 positive expression rates were higher in colorectal carcinoma than in adenoma. Both the negative rate of p16 and Ki-67 positive expression rate in poorly differentiated carcinoma were higher than in well and moderate differentiated carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between p16 and Dukesstage as well as lymph node metastasis. Also no significant correlation was found between p16 and Ki-67. Conclusion p16 protein expression in colorectal carcinoma was related to differentiation. To some extent, p16 expression may reflect malignant tendency. Both the biologic effects of p16 and the relationship between p16 and cellular proliferation may be associated with multiple factors.


Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on dimensional stability of elastomeric impression materials. Materials and Methods: Polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impressions of an International Organization for Standardization-specified test-block were photographed at two temperatures and 3 time intervals. This resulted in 12 groups (n = 10). Images were digitally calibrated and measured. Mean percentage dimensional change (%DC) was analyzed using the Variance Estimation and Precision module of Statistica 10 (Statsoft®, Southern Africa) (95% confidence), with Fisher least significant difference correction for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: For silicone, dimensional accuracy was highest when stored at 21°C for 14 days (%DC = 0.006). This was significantly better than all other silicone groups (P < 0.05). Dimensional accuracy was worst when stored at 21°C for 8 h (%DC = 0.237) and after cooling-off from 66°C (%DC = 0.300), with no difference between latter groups (P = 0.187). For polyether, dimensional accuracy was highest when stored at 21°C for 14 days (%DC = −0.272). This was significantly better than all other polyether groups (P < 0.05). Dimensional accuracy was worst when stored at 21°C for 8 h (%DC = 0.364) and after cooling-off from 66°C (%DC = 0.306), with no difference between latter groups (P = 0.199). Comparing polyether with silicone, %DC did not differ between the two materials when kept at 21°C for 14 days and when cooled-off after heat exposure for 8 h. At all other instances, the %DC between the two materials differed, with silicone always closest to zero %DC. Conclusions: Exposing silicone and polyether to high temperature doesn′t lead to higher dimensional inaccuracy on the short-term compared to keeping them at 21°C. However, heat has an effect on shelf-life (14 days) of impressions, decreasing accuracy. This effect is worse for polyether.


Dam and powerhouse operation sustainability is a major concern from the hydraulic engineering perspective. Powerhouse operation is one of the main sources of vibrations in the dam structure and hydropower plant; thus, the evaluation of turbine performance at different water pressures is important for determining the sustainability of the dam body. Draft tube turbines run under high pressure and suffer from connection problems, such as vibrations and pressure fluctuation. Reducing the pressure fluctuation and minimizing the principal stress caused by undesired components of water in the draft tube turbine are ongoing problems that must be resolved. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies performed on dams, powerhouses, and turbine vibration, focusing on the vibration of two turbine units: Kaplan and Francis turbine units. The survey covered several aspects of dam types (e.g., rock and concrete dams), powerhouse analysis, turbine vibrations, and the relationship between dam and hydropower plant sustainability and operation. The current review covers the related research on the fluid mechanism in turbine units of hydropower plants, providing a perspective on better control of vibrations. Thus, the risks and failures can be better managed and reduced, which in turn will reduce hydropower plant operation costs and simultaneously increase the economical sustainability. Several research gaps were found, and the literature was assessed to provide more insightful details on the studies surveyed. Numerous future research directions are recommended.


This article discusses the current opportunities of «high-speed construction», which are based on technological, organizational and managerial approaches. For each acceleration approach under study, the mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages, as well as its distribution and scope, are identified. The most detailed method of «high-speed construction» based on the combination of design and construction works. The formation of this approach and the tools for its implementation are considered in detail. In this regard, the aim of the work is a detailed consideration of all modern methods of «high – speed construction», and the task-their structuring and interconnection. In the course of the study, the method of analyzing the directions of improving the efficiency of design and construction was applied. As a result, algorithms and tools for accelerating construction are formulated, as well as the impact of BIM-technology services.


2me‐SATP activates the P2X4 receptor (R) to induce an inward current at resting potentials, carried mostly by Na+ as well as some Ca++. This experiment tests if the Na+ pump current (Ip) or Na/Ca exchange current (Iex) would change after this increased Na+ entry caused by the activation of P2X4R. The whole cell voltage clamp was applied to myocytes from the P2X4R overexpressing transgenic mice at room temperature. Ip was measured at −20mV by rapidly switching the superfusing solution from 0 to 5.4mM K+ when the K+, Iex and ICa currents were blocked by CsCl and NiCl2 in pipette and superfusing solution. In 5 of 8 myocytes, 3 μM 2me‐ SATP induced an inward current (−1.20±0.28pA/pF) at −80mV. The average amplitude of Ip in these 5 cells increased from 0.12±0.03 in control to 0.14±0.03nA in 2me‐SATP (P=0.03). The integrated area of Ip also increased from 1371±379 to 1707±418 nA*ms (P=0.047). To measure Iex, 5μM ouabain instead of NiCl2 was used to block Ip. 10mM NiCl2 was applied to myocytes for 1 min by a rapid solution‐switching device and Ni‐sensitive current was taken as Iex. In 5 of 9 cells, 3 μM 2me‐SATP induced an inward current (−1.37±0.34pA/pF), the reversal potential of Iex shifted from −18 mV at control to −28 mV with ATP. Outward Iex increased significantly from 0.7±0.12 at control to 1.0±0.14 pA/pF after ATP at 50 mV (P=0.046), while the inward Iex changed little, from 0.98±0.07 at control to 1.03±0.03pA/pF with ATP at −80mV. These results indicate that 2me‐SATP, by activating P2X4R to increase the intracellular Na+ concentration, induces a secondary increase of Na pump activity and reverse‐mode Na+/Ca++ exchange.


Hemp bast was used to prepare activated carbon fibers by phosphoric acid activation at different pyrolysis tempera- tures.The resulting products were characterised by SEM,N_2 adsorption at 77 K,iodine adsorption,methylene blue and acid blue 9 dyes adsorption from solution.The results show that the products have a smooth surface and contain rich micropores with the maximum specific surface area and micropores content up to 1 142.4 m~2/g and 76.91%,respectively.The pore sizes are mainly in the range 0.4~0.8 nm,1.2~2 nm and 2~3 nm.The maximum adsorption amounts of iodine and methylene blue of the products are 1 460.5 mg/g and 325.17 mg/g,respectively,so the resulting activated carbon fibers are considered as the first grade products specified in the National Standard.The adsorption equilibrium of acid blue 9 dye on the product activated by phosphoric acid at 450℃were examined at 20℃,the results indicate that the equilibrium datas well fit to the Langmuir equation.


The author attributes the necessity for rationalisation to, among other things, increasing labour costs and the decrease in the standards of workmanship where high quality is required. The introduction of jointless, continuous slabs without mesh reinforcement permits single-layer construction for example. The following advantages are listed: the simplification of material transport, concrete mixing (one mix) and laying: reduced likelihood of disruption to production, avoidance of bonding necessary with two-layer construction. The author sees no difficulties with the vibrating-in of dowel bars or transverse joint inserts. Following this the complete sequence of events of a construction project are described in detail. The details include a description of: the dowel-setting equipment, the leveller, the joint vibrator, the spraying platform. The results of control tests were good: converted cube strengths from the cores, evaluation of the flatness measurements, the thickness of the fine mortar layer, uniform distribution of the additive, voids content. /TRRL/


Our goal in this research is to design an optical system that can take the spectrum and picture of the Iranian National Observatory (INO) telescope output with a diameter of 3/4 meter. This multi object spectrometer that is designed by Zemax software has a spectral resolution of about 4000, and has been optimized for 350 to 950 nm spectral range. In other words, this spectrometer separate, very good, ultraviolet, visible and infrared region of the spectrum. This system is optimized for 6 arc min field of view in the sky. The system also has the capability to enclosure 98% of the received energy in the space of 2 × 2 pixels of the detector. Also, all surfaces are spherical that reduce cost and facilitate fabrication. In this paper, we present a detailed description of different sections of the spectrometer and its capabilities.


The role of pre-vocational education in general compulsory education has become increasingly relevant over recent years, with the international debate focussing particularly on its importance in school-to-work transitions. This study considers curriculum design and the implementation of pre-vocational education in four countries with radically different cultures: India, China, Germany and the USA. Using a theoretically framed concept of relevance to inform curriculum analysis, it compares the widely divergent content of curricula. In addition to this, interviews with teachers in all four countries flesh out how the curriculum is implemented in practice. The study, which is based on the 'prescribed curriculum' and 'enacted curriculum' approach, demonstrates that a range of factors means implementation varies widely from country to country but that teachers in all four countries focus in pre-vocational education on equipping students with life-skills.


This annotated bibliography summarizes 23 studies that cite the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies (energy protein, iron, iodine, and vitamin A) and parasites in school age children in developing countries. The bibliography includes information on 66 countries and categorizes them by income beginning with the lowest income countries first.


Comparative research is performed for two cycle modes of hybrid OTEC systems.Mathematical models for two hybrid OTEC systems are developed for numerical simulation.The result indicates that a hybrid OTEC system is better in seawater desalination and other hybrid OTEC system primarily applies to electric generation.


This article summarizes analysis from three recent Economic Review articles on how changes to card payment technology and debit card regulation will affect the U.S. retail payments system in years to come.


Photochemical reaction engineering is currently of low priority in the scientific community. While this can be attributed to the high level of complexity and interactions, proper understanding of the reaction engineering aspects of photochemical reactions is required to correctly describe and compare photochemical processes. Furthermore, a sophisticated use of reaction engineering knowledge provides better reaction control as well as additional tools for investigations on reaction engineering issues. This contribution aims on shining some light on photochemical reaction engineering. For this general aspects will be discussed using examples from literature as well as from own work.


Introduction As reported by the editor of The Forensic ~ c h o , ' the number of applicants to the many forensic psychiatry training programs in this country has increased sharply. With the expanding corrections economy, "a bright idealistic generation" now has an opportunity to work with the "underbelly of society." It is at last possible to acknowledge openly that "Not every prisoner with a psychiatric past is a sociopath unlikely to benefit from individual psychotherapy," and to provide mental health services beyond the limited "occasional supportive ear, twelve-step programs, and maybe some medicine." The editor points out that "the responsibilities of psychotherapy mentoring would return forensic mental health professionals . . . to the roots that make our expertise helpful to the court in the first place." The new employment opportunities for skilled psychiatrists together with the high caliber of students entering fo-


We study the efficient computation of power indices for weighted voting games using the paradigm of dynamic programming. We survey the state-of-the-art algorithms for computing the Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik indices and point out how these approaches carry over to related power indices. Within a unified framework, we present new efficient algorithms for the Public Good index and a recently proposed power index based on minimal winning coalitions of smallest size, as well as a very first method for computing Johnston indices for weighted voting games efficiently. We introduce a software package providing fast C++ implementations of all the power indices mentioned in this article, discuss computing times, as well as storage requirements.


Designing and developing educational digital games are complicated processes.In both cases, multidisciplinary teams are required. Moreover,
designing a diverse range of educational digital
games from start to end can be different in each
case. This paper introduces a concise model for
designing digital games with an aim to assist and
support both educators and game designers. In
addition, this model will bridge the gap between
educators and game designers, so as to achieve the
common goal of developing effective educational
digital games.This study intends to investigate and conduct a comprehensive review of the main
features and factors for developing educational
digital games suitable for different educational
contents and platforms.Furthermore, the proposed
model is believed to bring benefits to both
educators and game designers who are involved in
the game design process for digital game-based
learning


This paper describes an original solution of core catcher to managing the in vessel retention of the Corium in the accidental event of the core meltdown. The solution envisaged intends to verify the possibility of managing the accidental event within the pressure vessel, ensuring that the CORIUM is confined and cooled. The core catcher, elaborated at the DIMNP, is made of a ceramic pebbel bed (Alumina Al2 O3 ) contained in a metallic or Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) structure. The paper illustrates a theoretical model to simulate the thermal-mechanical behaviour of the pebble beds under extremely high loads, developed by the authors. This model has been used to design the core catcher and to determine the effective conductivity and the effective stiffness of the pebble bed. These values have been used in order to implement a numerical model of the core catcher. The results of the thermal and mechanical coupled simulation have permitted to determine the maximum time that the core catcher could resist and the mechanical resistance of the core catcher in the case of RPV external or internal cooling. The preliminary analyses performed have emphasised the good performance of pebble bed core catcher in order to mitigate the envisaged severe accident.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The opinion that syphilis is the usual cause of tabes is now almost universally accepted. Yet there still remains a certain percentage of cases for which the proof of this etiology is lacking, and students of the subject still seek for other influences, which may claim to share with syphilis the right to be considered as real causes or to represent agencies without the concurrent action of which the disease would not have occurred. The most prominent of these rivals of syphilis to the claim of being real or virtual causes of tabes is fatigue, in Edinger's sense; that is, not necessarily fatigue which is felt, but physiologic overstrain of special portions of the nervous system, carried to the point of seriously damaging the power of nutritive repair of the parts concerned. I have myself seen, as we all have, cases in which, under the influence of severe exertion tabetic


Think of the dead princess as the same daemonic force sketch in She Passed This Way, but in Crystals we look at that force from another direction; we look back.


The oil boom since 2000 brought the rapid increasing of commercial goods trade of GCC countries, and the bilateral trade relation between China and GCC countries entered into a phase of rapid development. However, even with all these achievements, the export of china is still heavily depend on the resource and labor intensive goods, the goods of investment with medium skill and technology intensity is still lack competitiveness, the goods of consumption is still lack reputation, which make the GCC countries' import demand for Chinese goods is very sensitive to the prices. Therefore when the appreciation of RMB got accelerated in 2008, the export of Chinese goods to GCC countries encountered a development bottleneck. In order to overcome all these difficulties and promote the healthy development of Sino-GCC commercial goods trade, the Chinese government, export oriented companies and other concerned parties should take action to foster the brand image of Chinese goods of consumption and promote the competitiveness of goods with medium skill and technology intensity in GCC market.


Tissue engineering is an important development stage of bio-manufacturing.It constructs the tissue/organs by firstly fabricating the biomaterial scaffolds,and then planting the cells on them.The performance of the scaffold is very important to the application of tissue engineering.Compared to traditional scaffold manufacturing methods,rapid prototyping technology based on dispersed-accumulated principle manufactures scaffold that has high degree of personality: the porosity,the mechanical properties,the biocompatibility and biodegradation characteristic can be set through parameter design and material selection.Therefore it is very suitable for construction of structural tissue/organs.Here kinds of tissue engineering scaffold fabricating technologies based on rapid prototyping are introduced;their features and applications are summarized;their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and discussed.


Abstract A three-layer, wind-driven, general circulation model involving both subtropical and subpolar gyres has been developed to study intergyre exchange. Following some early studies, the present work allows flow to baroclinically cross the intergyre boundary. This model differs from past work by examining a three-layer fluid. Solutions with both southward and northward subsurface flows are obtained. The two principal objectives of this work are to clarify the structure and maintenance of the permanent thermocline and to aid in understanding the distribution of deep water masses. A class of thermocline structures at the zero Ekman pumping line has been constructed that permits intergyre exchange, or communication. The zones of exchange are called windows. In this study, the windows have several unique properties relative to those computed elsewhere, and exhibit relatively rich structure. Principally, the addition of an active third layer allows a new second baroclinic window to open. This new window is...


The seed production base was built for speeding up the industrialization process for two-line quality hybrid rape of Qianyou series varieties bred by Institute of Oil Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The building,management and its practical effect of the seed production base for two-line hybrid rape of Qianyou series are summarized,and the suggestion to solve the existing problems is put forward at the same time.


 Defect in software takes the form of error, bug, fault, or failure. Predicting defect in software helps to improve the software quality. It helps developer identifying vulnerability within the software component earlier. Researchers tried to enhance the performance of the defect prediction method to manage the project resources better. Previous researches applied the method on distinctive project domain. The problem is that a model can only be applied not after it provides sufficient software defect historical data of the given project domain. A model is only relevant for a specific project domain. This paper introduces an approach to build a generic model using a merged dataset of various project domains. Each dataset has originally different features. All missing value which is produced due to the merging of datasets of varying feature numbers should be calculated. We applied Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor (WkNN) and Grey Relational Analysis to calculate the missing values of a dataset. After all missing values have been filled in, we applied Naïve Bayes in order to classify the selected features. In the experimentation, we exercised on four different feature selection methods to find the most relevant features for all datasets. The results on seven empirical datasets indicate that by applying Naïve Bayes on selected presented selected by either Information Gain (IG) or Symmetric Uncertainty (SU), the best balance value can be obtained.


Recommender systems that provide recommendations based uniquely on information over users and items may not be very accurate in some situations. Therefore, adding contextual information to recommendations may be a good choice resulting in a system with increased precision. In an early work, we proposed an Ensemble Variational Autoencoders (EnsVAE) framework for recommendation. EnsVAE is adjusted to output interest probabilities by learning the distribution of each item's ratings and attempts to provide diverse novel items that are pertinent to users. In this paper, we propose and investigate a context awareness framework based on the Ensemblist Variational Autoencoders model with integrating the contextual information. The context awareness EnsVAE can easily be inferred from preceding sub-recommenders or applied as a filter to the final output. Test performed on real dataset, using an instance of the proposed framework show clear improvement compared to baseline architectures with similar ends as of this instance.


The evaluation of PE teaching in higher vocational colleges is an important part in the activity of PE teaching,an important link for the scientific management in PE teaching of higher vocational colleges,an important method in realizing the scientific management and the effective measure to promote the reform and improve the quality in PE teaching.Scientific utilization of PE teaching evaluation is vital to the PE teaching.


Microemulsion has been reported to be an alternative carrier for poor solubility of the compounds in aqueous media. Microemulsion is a stable isotropic liquid mixture of oil, water, surfactant, with or without the combination of a co-surfactant. In this work, the microemulsion was designed by constructing a ternary phase diagram using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the surfactant, water as the aqueous media and the carboxylic acids and esters as the co-surfactant. After designing the microemulsion, and constructing the phase diagram, the known isotropic regions were reformulated. Betulinic acid was then solubilized in the isotropic region. For the system containing carboxylic acid, the acetic acid system offered the largest isotropic region and it was found that the microemulsion system obtained was suitable for dissolving betulinic acid. The concentration of betulinic acid dissolved in this system was directly proportional to the percentage of surfactant but inversely proportional to the water percentage.


In Table 2, the matched and unmatched samples and their values have been combined. Please see the correct Table 2 here.

Table 2

Covariate Balance.


We report on a combined approach to solve two known problems of traditional Explanation-Based Generalization (EBG) concerning utility and expressiveness. (1) Usually, for each training example a new rule is derived and added separately. Therefore, the overall performance of the associated inference system may degrade if the presented instances are numerous and not representative for the class of applications. (2) Traditional EBG cannot be used for normal domain theories in which negations appear in clause bodies. This lack of expressiveness excludes otherwise interesting applications, e.g. in the area of game playing. As a possible solution for the utility problem (1), it has been proposed earlier [?, ?, ?, ?, ?] to consider multiple examples at the same time and to find a common generalization, thereby compensating for the influence of misleading ones. (2) An extension of EBG for Negation as Failure was described in [?]. However, it is based on Explanation-Based Generalization of Failure (EBGF) [?] which can suffer from an inefficient, redundant representation of rules. This weakness is closely related to a similar one in EBG (1) which is caused by considering training examples independently of each other. The new approach presented here overcomes this drawback by using more than one example also for EBGF. Moreover, we propose a unifying framework for EBG which is able to deal as well with multiple training instances simultaneously as with negation in domain theories.


Calcareous stones such as Lecce stones have a high porosity which results in a readily uptake of rainwater. Due to the atmospheric pollutants dissolved in the water these stones, used in a lot of historical buildings, are constantly under attack which leads to a decay of the stone. Different kind of organic hydrophobic products such as Paraloid B72 and fluorinated rubber are often applied as protectives with the aim to reduce the corrosion of the material. In order to study the manner in which these treatment products fill the pores a desktop X-ray microtomography system was used. This technique allows the 3D investigation of the internal structure of the stone in a non-destructive way. In this research morphological parameters such as the total porosity, pore size distribution, surface-to-volume ratio and structure model index were calculated before and after treatment in order to evaluate the changes induced by the polymer application.


Aggregation of DNA is often suspected but seldom studied. In phage lambda we found a DNA that can form characteristic and stable complexes. A first account of them is given here. Materials and Methods.-DNA was extracted from a clear-plaque mutant (genotype cb+) of phage lambda' by rotation2 or shaking' with phenol. Sodium dodecylsulfate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, citrate, or trichloroacetate was sometimes included in the extraction mixture without effect on the properties of the DNA. Phenol was removed by dialysis, with or without preliminary extraction with ether, against 0.1 or 0.6 M NaCl. Sedimentation coefficients were measured4 at 10 ,ug DNA/ml in 0.1 and 0.6 M NaCl in aluminum cells at 35,600 rpm with consistent results, and are reported as


The present study provides a new aspect to understand the disrespect to deliveryman. A survey was conducted based on the hypothesis which assumed that the disrespect is caused by the indirect communication via technology, mediated by mechanistic dehumanization. Using cashier as the representative of jobs which adopt traditional face-to-face communication, we tested the dehumanization of deliveryman through four measurements and then tested the disrespect degree by giving an unpleasant scenario. The result suggests that people significantly dehumanize deliveryman more in two measurements. Additionally, the dehumanization degrees of these two measurements are positively correlated with disrespect degrees. In general, the finding provides a new aspect to view the dehumanization in the work domain.


The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment onboard the Curiosity rover detected numerous organic compounds when analyzing the solid samples collected on the way to Mount Sharp. But MTBSTFA, the chemical reactant for the chemical treatment of the refractory molecules present in the solid samples and present in cups of SAM, was shown to be unfortunately present in the Sample Manipulation System (SMS). During the sample analysis, this chemical species reacts with the organic and inorganic molecules present in the samples. This reaction leads to the production and subsequent detection of numerous MTBSTFA derivatives which makes the treatment and the interpretation of the SAM data complex. Moreover, for the first time on Mars, the wet chemistry method was used on a Cumberland sample to help the GC separation and the MS identification of non volatile compounds. To ensure the identification of the organic molecules and try to discriminate organics generated internally to SAM from those present in the samples analyzed, it is mandatory to perform laboratory experimental calibrations under martian operating conditions.


Readers can access the newsletter in three ways. The newsletter will be available in a traditional print format and three-hole punched so that subscribers can retain back issues in an orderly fashion. Individuals can request a subscription through the tollfree number listed above. The newsletter will also be available in two electronic formats: as a PDF or text downloadable file from the Cornell University website (www.ilr.cornell.edu/ped), and as an email abridged version with web links available through subscription to the Center's statewide listserv (request free subscription by sending name and email address to firstname.lastname@example.com). This array of formats has been intentionally designed to enhance the number of individuals who can access this information. T his is the first issue of The Benefits Planner, a quarterly newsletter of the New York State Work Incentives Support Center. The Support Center will provide a wide range of services for persons with disabilities, their families, and the public and private agencies that work with them. The goal of the Center is to assist individuals with disabilities, who want to prepare for, attach to or advance in work, by providing timely and accurate information to assist them in maneuvering the complex maze of government benefits. In addition to the newsletter, the Center will provide training, through conventional means and by use of the latest technology for distance learning, and will operate a tollfree number [1-888224-3272] for statewide technical assistance on issues related to benefits and work.


The effect of the molar volume on the mechanical properties of three polymers is computed using molecular mechanics. It is demonstrated that elastic properties significantly depend on the molar volume. To be reproducible they must be determined for a series of "stable" glassy configurations for which the potential energy is minimized not only according to the coordinates but also to the molar volume. If these conditions are not fulfilled, a great disparity in values between experiment and simulation is observed. The procedure is first applied to PVC. It is then argued that coherent results stemming from the application of this approach to both tacticities of PMMA justifies its application toward other polymers.


The paper focuses on a class of switched neutral systems with distributed delay, asymptotically stability of the system is investigated.The sufficient conditions are derived by using Lyapunov function technique and the corresponding switching strategies are constructed to guarantee stability.


Polycarbonate (PC) is an engineering thermoplastic with excellent insulation and mechanical properties. However, the low thermal conductivity restricted its application in electronic devices. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microparticle, a promising material with high thermal conductivity, was functionalized with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and introduced into PC matrix to improve the thermal conductivity. SEM and XRD analysis showed that the modified BN (CBN) particles oriented and formed thermal conductive pathways within PC matrix. The formation of large-area oriented CBN significantly improved the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of composites. At 20 wt % CBN loading, the thermal conductivity of 0.7341 Wm−1 K−1 and the temperature for 5% weight loss (T5) of 498.6 °C were obtained, which was 3.1 times and 77 °C higher than that of pure PC, respectively. Furthermore, outstanding electrical insulation property of matrix was retained in the composites. These results revealed that PC/CBN composite was a promising material for thermal management and electrical enclosure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44978.


This paper discusses the narrative role of images in three prize–winning children's books: 'The Rabbits' by John Marsden and Shaun Tan; 'Joseph had a Little Overcoat' by Simms Taback; and 'The House that Jack Built' by Gavin Bishop. It is argued that the contribution of images to interpretive possibilities of the narrative are typically not sufficiently addressed in reviewing picture books. In dealing with this aspect of images in picture books, an approach to 'reading images' as described in the book of that title by Gunther Kress and Thao van Leeuwen is suggested as a productive resource for reviewers and teachers.


This paper shows that if a large neural network is used for a pattern classification problem, and the learning algorithm finds a network with small weights that has small squared error on the training patterns, then the generalization performance depends on the size of the weights rather than the number of weights. More specifically, consider an l-layer feed-forward network of sigmoid units, in which the sum of the magnitudes of the weights associated with each unit is bounded by A. The misclassification probability converges to an error estimate (that is closely related to squared error on the training set) at rate O((cA)l(l+1)/2 √(log n)/m) ignoring log factors, where m is the number of training patterns, n is the input dimension, and c is a constant. This may explain the generalization performance of neural networks, particularly when the number of training examples is considerably smaller than the number of weights. It also supports heuristics (such as weight decay and early stopping) that attempt to keep the weights small during training.


Graffiti and street art are related in many aspects. However, in spite of their common origins, and similar techniques and strategies, modern graffiti is usually presented as a genre lacking an artistic factor. The aim of this essay is to show that the separation between graffiti and street art is less warranted than it would appear.


Research on how to evaluate the time series prediction algorithms are relatively underinvestigated compared to those to develop prediction algorithms. This research presents a way to estimate lower bounds for a time series prediction error by utilizing the conditional entropy rate, which allows us to take the inherent difficulty of a problem into account. The main focus of this research is on a discrete time series composed of discrete random variables, and stationarity of the time series is assumed. In this thesis, the lower bound is estimated based on the Fano's inequality, which shows the relationship between the conditional entropy rate and prediction error. Therefore, a method to approximate the entropy rate using the Lempel-Ziv compressor is suggested as a subroutine. Also, a discretization method is introduced to adopt this approach to real-valued sequences. Finally, the method is validated for both discrete and continuous distributions, and applications with real-world datasets are demonstrated. The proposed error lower bound can serve as an objective criterion to evaluate the current status of the algorithm and has the potential to aid the technocratic knowledge assessment process in science that involves discrete time series prediction problem. Thesis Supervisor: Devavrat Shah Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science


At present, many companies cannot survive in the face of global economic developments. The level of ease of doing business in Indonesia has also experienced a decline which puts Indonesia currently in 73rd position out of 190 countries, this decline is due to the fact that global economic conditions tend to be sluggish, unbalanced. , and is followed by high global financial uncertainty. Economies in other countries such as Europe and China are also experiencing slow growth. In addition, the volume of world trade is also predicted to be low due to the deteriorating trade relations between countries. In an era of economic disruption which is predicted to last a long time, business people in Indonesia are required to continue to reform, innovate and create diversification so that they can survive and compete in the global market. Therefore, many companies are trying the latest management systems to deal with disruptions. global economy with the hope that companies can develop and innovate. From 2016 to 2018 the business developed rapidly and competition was getting tougher. Every company must be able to make adjustments by making changes, experimenting, developing according to the current era, namely the era of the industrial revolution 4.0.


Interaction of heavy metals with humic acid(HA)in soils may affect their movement and bioavailability. Here we measured the concentrations of heavy metals in iron mine soils and humic acids extracted from the soils at the depth of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm in the upper area of Miyun reservoir, Beijing. Humic acids were extracted with a method from International Humic Substance Society(IHSS). The concentrations of heavy metals and humic acids were determined by ICP-MS. The relationship between humic acids and heavy metals was analyzed by correlation analysis and enrichment factor analysis. The results show that the average concentrations of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,Cd and Pb in the soils samples were higher at 0 to 20 cm than at 20 to 40 cm. The average concentrations of Cr and Cd in humic acids were lower at 0 to 20 cm than at 20 to 40 cm, but those for other metals were just opposite. Soil depth affected heavy metal association with humic acids. Significant positive correlations were found between V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb and organic matter and HA, while significant negative correlations existed between V, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn and the ratio of HA to OM(HA/OM). The enrichment factor analysis showed that Cu had a greater affinity, but V, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb a weaker affinity for humic acids. Compared to soils at 20 to 40 cm, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb had a stronger enrichment but Cd had a weaker accumulation in the humic acids of soils at 0 to 20 cm. These results indicate that soil humic acids from different depths have different metal accumulation characteristics.


The thesis aims at analysing the role of collective action as a viable alternative to the traditional forms of intervention in agriculture in order to encourage the provision of agri-environmental public goods.
Which are the main benefits of collective action, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, compared to traditional market or public intervention policies? What are the drivers that encourage farmers to participate into collective action? To what extent it is possible to incorporate collective aspects into policies aimed at providing agri-environmental public goods?
With the objective of addressing these research questions, the thesis is articulated in two levels: a theoretical analysis on the role of collective action in the provision of public goods and a specific investigation of two local initiative,s were an approach collective management of agro-environmental resources was successfully implemented.
The first case study concerns a project named "Custodians of the Territory", developed by the local agency in Tuscany "Comunita Montana Media Valle del Serchio", which settled for an agreement with local farmers for a collective provision of environmental services related to the hydro-geological management of the district.
The second case study is related to the territorial agri-environmental agreement experimented in Valdaso (Marche), where local farmers have adopted integrated pest management practices collectively with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of their farming practices.
The analysis of these initiatives, carried out through participatory methods (Rapid Rural Appraisal), allowed developing a theoretical discussion on the role of innovative tools (such as co-production and co-management) in the provision of agri-environmental public goods. The case studies also provided some recommendations on the government intervention and policies needed to promote successful collective action for the provision of agri-environmental public goods.


A series of laterally loaded tests on flexible piles inserted in bonded residual soil was conducted. To evaluate the main aspects of shaft mobilisation under lateral loading, a series of tests was ...


The article deals with the problem of linguistic-cultural scripts study in wedding folk rites. The prime semantic components representing a cluster of verbal and non-verbal codes which are involved into the rite activity and enclose the semantics of the rituals comprising it were defined through modeling of cultural script. Also key semantic groups of codes, conceptualizing the Transbaikalian Cossacks rite of courtship, were found out. The theoretical significance of the article consists in both working out and clarifying methods of folk rite studying. The results of the paper can be used in preparing lectures and seminars in linguistic cultural studies, cross-cultural communication, history of culture.


Introduction and synopsis Packaging surrounds most things we buy or do. Food is packaged, parcels through the post are packaged, and within a car or aeroplane, we ourselves are carefully packaged. It is hard to say how much is spent on it, or the worth of the goods damaged due to inadequate packaging, but the sums involved are certainly considerable, and the potential return on any improvement is large. The essence of protective packaging is the ability to convert kinetic energy into energy of some other sort – usually, heat – via plasticity, viscosity, visco-elasticity or friction; and this must be done whilst keeping the peak force (and thus the deceleration or acceleration) on the packaged object below the threshold which will cause damage or injury. And there is more to it than that. The direction of impact may not be predictable; then the package must offer omni-directional protection, that is, it must absorb impact from any side. Since the package must be carried with the object it protects, light weight is important. And – since much packaging is discarded – it must (almost always) be cheap. Foams are especially good at this. The energy-absorbing capacity of a foam is compared with that of the solid of which it is made in Fig. 8.1. For the same energy-absorption, the foam always generates a lower peak force. Energy is absorbed as the cell walls bend plastically, or buckle, or fracture (depending on the material of which the foam is made), but the stress is limited by the long, flat plateau of the stress-strain curve (Figs. 4.2 and 5.1).


This study aims to determine and describe the Accountability Village Government in the Management of Village Allocation Fund in the Temulus Village including of planning, implementation, supervision, and accountability and how about community responds to Village Government in Management of Village Allocation Fund. This research is done because Village Allocation Fund is one form of government responsibility to promote development in the village and Temulus village is an developing village. This study used a mixed methods, it contain qualitative method and quantitative method. As mixed method, with focus on collection, analyzing, and mixed about qualitative and quantitative in a single or plural research. The sample in this study amounted to 95 people and interviewees to 5 people involved in fund management accountability village. Results of research conducted about planning procees system is good, like example about community's respond that positive who attends the village discussion, then for  implementation of have implemented the principles of transparency and accountability. Supervision composed with internal and external, while the accountability of Allocation of village funds (ADD) both technically and administration is good, but it must given more excercise to village government that involved in fund management accountability village. Keywords: Village Allocation Fund (ADD), Planning, Implementation, Supervision, and Accountability


This article takes the Ternary Perspective of Sign Representation in semiotics as its theoretical foundation and constructs quale explanation framework of verbal personification to explain the use mechanism of verbal personification and its quale-sense. Verbal personification contains very rich quale-sense, which is expressed by linguistic symbol and may be perceived in mind by "something is like somebody in some way". Image construction is a critical conscious activity in the forming of verbal personification. Quale explanation is the crucial medium that connects personification and its quale-sense. Quale explanation framework of verbal personification comprehensively interprets the production and comprehension processes of verbal personification.


sociologists and cultural anthropologists lack a basic understanding of human biology and genetics. By now, it has become axiomatic for social scientists to point out that 'race is just a social construct' and that 'biological human races don't exist', but how many social science scholars could actually explain this latter point, using actual genetic and biological information, if they needed to? The widespread tendency for social scientists to assert that biological human races do not exist, coupled with the general inability of many social scientists to articulate why, gives antisocial science race talkers, such as Nicholas Wade, the rhetorical ammunition that they crave so very much.


Application of the finite-element method for continuous time-dependent media to two-dimensional semiconductor device simulation is described. It is shown that this method guarantees exact conservation of current both locally and at the device terminals. Finite-element forms of Poisson's equation and the electron and hole current continuity equations are derived. Implementation of second order (linear triangular elements) and fourth order (Hermite bicubic elements) methods is discussed.


Young adults with mild intellectual disability and their thoughts about the own home was investigated and is described in this thesis. A qualitative research method was used, and the respondents th ...


Advances in microfabrication technology have allowed the use of microchannels in ultra compact, very efficient heat exchangers, which capitalize on the channels large surface area to volume ratio to transport high heat fluxes with small thermal resistances. One example is the cooling of microchips. However, the research into microscale flow and heat transfer phenomena conducted by various researchers provided substantial experimental data and considerable evidence that the behaviour of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels without phase change may be different than that which normally occurs in larger more conventional sized channels. This paper serves to perform a numerical analysis on the flow and heat transfer in manifold microchannels. A numerical model for 16 sets of parametric conditions is presented here using a CFD package, ANSYS/FLOTRAN. Pressure, temperature and velocity contour plots were obtained and analyzed. The results obtained were then compared with a derived analytical model. The...


Along with the development of information technology, the reference service is moving towards the knowledge reference service from the traditional reference service. This paper expounds the category and main modes of the knowledge reference service, puts forward an ideal model of the knowledge reference service, and introduces the concrete practice of the library of Liaoning University in developing the knowledge reference service.


The long experiences in ultrasonic cleaning of all types of machine parts and the appliances developed for this purpose, can be used without hesitation for the problem of decontaminating parts which are contaminated. The construction and operation of this type of cleaning installations is described. The liquids used for cleaning are variable and depend on the type of dirt. For decontamination, several cascade connected baths are most suitable to have the liquid consumption as low as possible. This is important as the fluid will be contaminated especially in the ultrasonic bath. (auth)


Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: firstname.lastname@example.com

Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2

Adel Khashaveh, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Darwin Pangaribuan, Lampung University, Indonesia

Dietrich Darr, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Germany

Entessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria

Francesco Sunseri, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy

Gema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Giuseppina Migliore, University of Palermo, Italy

Gunnar Bengtsson, Sweden

Inder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), India

Isaac Danso, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Oil Palm Research Institute, Ghana

Kassim Adekunle Akanni, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria

Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal

Maren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Germany

Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan

Nehemie T. Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Cameroon

Nicusor-Flavius Sima, University of Agricultural Studies and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Sait Engindeniz, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey

Stefano Marino, University of Molise, Italy

Subhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, India

Suheb Mohammed, University of Virginia, United States

Tenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia


Students need to understand the position and movement of electrons in the outer shell so as to be able to conceptualize the formation of chemical bonding. This study designed in the line of constructivist view of knowledge and aimed to find out the ways in which Turkish students think about the position and movement of electrons in the formation of covalent bonding after receiving the conventional teaching. Four open-ended probes were designed and these formed the questionnaire that acts as the assessment tool of the study. The questionnaire was distributed to 11th grade science students (n= 293). They completed the questionnaire right after their conventional teaching on chemical bonding. Probes asked for explanations about the motion and position of electrons in covalent bonding. Findings indicated that most of the students could not indicate the position of electrons in the covalent bonding in the correct way and have mental models regarding the motion of shared electrons that are not in accordance with the scientific ones. Findings also showed that only the half of the students provided scientific explanations in defining the concepts of polar covalent bonding and electron-pair. Key words: Science education, electron, chemical bonding, covalent bonding, misconception


AWORKSHEET used in my class helps business communi./ 1 WORKSHEE cation students get the most out of a set of quantitative data. After all, &dquo;[modem] businesses not only produce goods and services but also vast amounts of data&dquo; (Buckley, Brindley, & Greenwood, 1992, p. 122). Handling this type of information both efficiently and effectively is a basic skill that requires regular practice throughout any business communication course.


Recently, Waldrona presented data showing the effect upon the yield of spring wheat from frost injury taking place during the early stages of growth. Yield differences between the frosted and the normally produced crop of the Hope variety were in the neighborhood of ~4 bushels per acre, equivalent to a loss of 37%. Conditions which obtained in ~9,3~ allowed the writer to secure further information regarding spring frost injury.


In celebration of the Year of Equity at the University of Kentucky, this guide provides access to resources relevant to the research, teaching, and learning of equity, diversity, inclusion, and social justice.


The boom in network application is followed by more bandwidth requirement.The renovation of the backbone nework and the access network make the metroplitan area network(MAN) become a bottleneck of the whole network.So how to construct a new MAN become an impootaint issue for the venders and to exploit new technology,and to supply new service.This paper indicates the necessity to reform the Metro net and some important technology of the MAN,states the advantages of 10 G Etherent as a technologiy of the MAN,and the advantage of Resilient Packet Ring to construct 10 G Metro Etherent,and studies the RPR bandwidth management technology,and advances an idea about the RPR fairness protocal and a bandwidth access fairness.


Objective To investigate the effects of polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murrill on the immune activities of Kupffer's cells in rat.MethodsKupffer's cells were isolated from the liver of Wistar rats,and randomly divided into control,injuring,and experimental groups.The Kupffer's cells in injury and experimental groups were treated with carbon tetrachloride to damage,and the experimental Kupffer's cells were further treated with polysaccharide extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill.The immune activities of Kupffer's cells were determined using rosette test and phagocytosis assays.ResultsThe polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murrill increased the rosette forming rate as well as phagocytosis rate of injured Kupffer's cells.Conclusion The polysaccharide of Agaricus blazei Murrill is able to stimulate the immune activities of Kupffer's cells.


Fractures of the tarsal navicular bones are commonly missed injuries, and when diagnosed they pose considerable difficulty with regard to reduction and stabilization of fracture fragments.1 Recovery often is poor, leading to significant pain and disability. Several theories have been proposed, regarding the mechanism of injury and how this can be used to classify fractures.3,4,5 We propose an alternative method of fixation based on our understanding of mechanism of injury. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this study.


Simulations of the folding pathways of two large a/(3 proteins, the a subunit of tryptophan synthase and triose phosphate isomerase, are reported using the knight's walk lattice model of globular proteins and Monte Carlo dynamics. Starting from randomly generated unfolded states and with no assumptions regarding the nature of the folding intermediates, for the tryptophan synthase subunit these simulations predict, in agreement with experiment, the existence and location of a stable equilibrium intermediate comprised of six (3 strands on the amino terminus of the molecule. For the case of triose phosphate isomerase, the simulations predict that both aminoand carboxyl-terminal intermediates should be observed. In a significant modification of previous lattice models, this model includes a full heavy atom side chain description and is capable ofrepresenting native conformations at the level of 2.5to 3-i rms deviation for the Ca positions, as compared to the crystal structure. With a well-balanced compromise between accuracy of the protein description and the computer requirements necessary to perform simulations spanning biologically significant amounts of time, the lattice model described here brings the possibility of studying important biological processes to present-day computers. In protein molecules, a variety ofdynamic processes take place, with characteristic lifetimes from femtoseconds to minutes. So far, no theoretical method has been able to study the dynamic behavior of realistic protein models for times longer than hundreds of picoseconds. Therefore, many interesting and important processes, most notably protein folding, have remained beyond the reach of direct theoretical modeling. Molecular dynamics simulations, although very successful at describing local, short-time processes, would have to span at least an additional four orders of magnitude in time before the process of protein folding could be examined (1). Here, we describe an advance in the development of a model designed to extend simulation techniques to include long-time, large-scale processes. This model describes the protein as a set of beads embedded in an underlaying cubic lattice. Ca atoms are confined to a specific sublattice, the "210" lattice, and points describing the backbone and amino acid side chains are chosen to give the correct shape and volume of the protein (refs. 2 and 3 and refs. cited in ref. 3). This description of protein structure, when coupled to a dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm, permits study of the longtime, global rearrangements of protein structure on a small work station, and yet the model is sufficiently complex to describe protein structure with a surprising level ofaccuracy. Earlier work has shown that even the simplest lattice model correctly reproduces the all-or-none characteristics of the folding process, and substantial effort was put into establishing the conditions for simulating the folding to a unique, native structure (2). The next generation semiquantitatively reproduced the structure and folding of a relatively small protein-plastocyanin (ref. 3 and refs. cited therein). Here, the model is generalized to include a more-realistic, full heavy-atom description of the side chains, and much larger proteins are studied. Taken together, these improvements to the model make it possible to study the long-time behavior of realistic models of large protein systems. We have attempted to simulate the folding oftwo large (247 and 267 amino acids) mixed-motif a/,B proteins. The major objective of this work is to prove that, without any assumptions concerning the nature of folding intermediates, the model can reproduce the experimental results for one ofthese molecules; for the other, it makes predictions about the nature of the equilibrium intermediate. Further, it is shown that the present model can closely reproduce the native structure of any protein, both in terms of the rms deviation for the Ca postions and in other similarity measures, as discussed below. This constitutes a rather rigorous test ofthe entire methodology. The two proteins studied in this paper, chicken triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) and the a subunit of tryptophan synthase (WSY) from Salmonella typhimurium, have the same (J3/a)8 barrel fold. This motif, called a "TIM barrel," has been found in more than 17 different proteins, with almost no detectable sequence homology between some ofthem (4). This, along with other experimental data (5), suggests that the rules defining this structural motif may be sufficiently robust to be correctly described by a simplified model (6). Another interesting point is that, according to recent experimental evidence, there are stable, long-lived folding intermediates along the folding pathway ofa closely homologousWSY from Escherichia coli (refs. 7 and 8 and refs. cited therein). Thus, this protein class seems to be an exception to the typical all-or-nothing transition observed in single-domain, globular proteins (9). The available experimental evidence on the folding pathway of the WSY is as follows: the amino-terminal fragment, consisting of residues 1-188, as cleaved by trypsin, can fold independently from the rest of the protein. If the fast step in folding the whole protein proceeds in tritiated water and the labeled protein is digested with trypsin, almost 9%o (43%) of the hydrogen bonds in the amino(carboxyl)-terminal fragment are screened from the solvent (refs. 7 and 8 and refs. cited therein). Further mutagenic studies have allowed for a detailed assessment of specific interactions associated with the folding pathway (10). To the best of our knowledge, such studies have not yet been performed for TIM. Thus, our identification of the folding intermediates for TIM is a prediction to be experimentally tested.


We present a comparative study of the low temperature electrical transport properties of the carbon matrix containing iron nanoparticles and the films. The conductivity of the nanoparticles located just below the metal-insulator transition exhibits metallic behavior with a
logarithmic temperature dependence over a large temperature interval. The zero-field conductivity and the negative magnetoresistance, showing a characteristic upturn at liquid helium temperature, are consistently explained by incorporating the Kondo relation and the two dimensional
electron-electron interaction. The films, in contrast, exhibit a crossover of the conductivity from power-law dependence at high temperatures to an activated hopping law dependence in the low temperature region. The transition is attributed to changes in the energy dependence of the density of states near the Fermi level. The observed magnetoresistance is discussed in terms of quantum
interference effect on a three-dimensional variable range hopping mechanism.


To survive in the present economic environment, organisations need to develop new capabilities. The classic concept of internal entrepreneur combines innovation and entrepreneurial initiative. From our point of view, the new concept of intrapreneur has three dimensions: innovation (change and culture), intramarkets (changes in organisational structures) and initiative (proactive attitude). These are the "3 Is for Intrapreneurship". This theoretical statement is applied to an empirical analysis of 50 intrapreneurs from major Spanish firms. They were interviewed using the McClelland's "Critical Incident Review". We conclude that corporate development is a complex adaptive process aided by the intrapreneur.


Cloud manufacturing represents an approach for manufacturing companies to integrate their resources and establish a collaborative and flexible infrastructure for improving resource utilization and gathering new business opportunities. In this context, additive manufacturing with its core process 3D printing is a well-suited modern production paradigm to be integrated into cloud manufacturing as it offers manufacturing design freedom not only for rapid prototyping but nowadays also for producing the actual product series.This paper introduces an approach that involves the usage of an ontology for representing knowledge of 3D printing processes. This knowledge is used by a cloud manufacturing platform when orders are placed by users to determine material or type of a 3D printing process as well as for allocating the order to a suitable factory possessing the required capability.


Protein folding energy landscapes have been driven by evolution to minimize the energetic and topological frustration experienced during the folding reaction. Small 2 state folders, whose folding rates correlate with their topologies, are good examples of evolution at work. However, larger proteins are often found to have partially‐folded intermediates on their energy landscape, some of which can be misfolded. (βα)8 TIM barrel proteins, one of the most common motifs in biology, are one such class of proteins. Previous studies on several diverse TIM barrels have shown that the structures of their misfolded intermediates are not conserved. We hypothesize that large, local in sequence clusters of isoleucine, leucine, and valine (ILV) residues drive the formation of the misfolded intermediate in TIM barrels. These clusters are not conserved in the structures, but do correlate with strong protection against hydrogen exchange in folding intermediates. To test the generality of this hypothesis, we expanded our studies to the indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate synthase from S. solfataricus (sIGPS). sIGPS has two ILV clusters in different locations than those found in the E. coli α‐subunit of trp synthase. The common fold but sequence variations allows a test of the importance of ILV clusters in the early misfolding events. Continuous‐flow trFRET has been used to measure pair‐wise distance distributions for several βα segments in the misfolded intermediate that appears after a few 10's of microseconds. To complement the pair‐wise measurements, SAXS experiments provide global dimensions of the earliest folding events. The insights obtained will explore the link between sequence, ILV clusters and misfolding for the TIM barrel architecture.


Hydrogels, prepared from natural polymers, are attractive biomaterials for diverse biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the majority of conventional hydrogels are mechanically weak and unsuitable...


A simple and cost‐effective method is described to sequence double‐stranded DNA (< 100 ng) using a very small amount of fluorescent sequencing mix (one‐tenth of manufacturer‐recommended amount). The modification has significant advantages over conventional protocols and can be used to sequence, using a single sequencing kit, at least ten times the number of samples. This modified method also removes the post‐reaction cleaning protocol and can be used for direct loading of samples on gels after completion of sequencing reactions. The accuracy of DNA sequencing data from analysis of 700 to 750 nucleotides is greater than 98.5′.


Structural breaks in GARCH processes do matter for applications and model-based inference. To show this, I first propose a new approach to estimate change-point GARCH models with maximum likelihood, for which no method exists so far. Practical implementation of the proposed algorithm is discussed and its effectiveness and properties are demonstrated in simulation studies. Building on the new method, the paper shows empirically that the inclusion of structural breaks changes the results of typical model applications both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, I document that standard GARCH models systematically overpredict volatility in low volatility periods, and underpredict in high volatility times, while the change-point GARCH model is able to overcome this bias. Similarly, a GARCH option pricing model systemically overprices options in calm periods, and underprices in turbulent times. Finally, adding structural breaks to GARCH models with jumps drastically changes the inference on risk-premia as well as the intensity and occurrence of jumps.


The aim of this work is to study four types of modification of a glassy carbon electrode by Fe(III)-tetrakis(p-tetraaminophenyl)porphyrin and determine the influence of the method of immobilization of the complex on glassy carbon in electrocatalytic properties for the sulfite and hydrogensulfite oxidation in ethanol–water. The first modification was deposition of a drop of solution containing the porphyrin on a glassy carbon electrode and evaporation of the solvent (dry-drop method). The second method was immersion of the electrode at 54°C in a solution of dimethylformamide containing the porphyrin for 2 h. The third method consisted of the same heating treatment but after formation of a chemical bond of 4-aminopyridine on the glassy carbon surface, which acts as an axial ligand for the first layer of porphyrin. The fourth method involves electropolymerization of the porphyrin on the electrode surface. Important differences in stability, the potential where the oxidation wave begins and selectivity of the electrode to sulfite or hydrogensulfite were observed. The behavior of the polymer-modified electrode is different in water compared to ethanol–water.


Abstract : Mice were exposed to a lethal dose of X-radiation (900 rad) and transfused with 5,000,000 syngeneic bone marrow cells. Subgroups of these mice were either made polycythemic, anemic or served as controls. Regenerative activity in the hemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues was assessed by flash-labeling with I125-iododeoxyuridine. The evidence based on the incorporation of I125-labeled iododeoxyuridine into DNA, organ weights, histological and H3-thymidine rediautographic data suggests that stem cells in the bone marrow of adult mice may contain both hemopoietic and lympho-/plasmacytopoietic potentialities. The methodology and some possible objections to the interpretation of the data are discussed, and future work is indicated. (Author)


A case of severe calciphylaxis in a patient with End Stage Renal Disease on peritoneal dialysis is presented. Diagnosis was based on medical history and clinical findings and was confirmed by skin biopsy. A multidisciplinary medical team was involved in the patient's management who was treated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate, intensified hemodialysis sessions, parathyroidectomy and surgical debridement. Calciphylaxis is a rare manifestation of chronic kidney disease, although non uremic causes have also been identified. The prognosis is generally poor. When confronting the disease, the physician does not stand on solid ground due to the lack of well designed treatment studies.


The potential impact of climate variability on the hydrological regime in the Mahanadi river basin is of great importance for sustainable water resources management. The impact of climate variability on streamflow is analyzed in this study. The impact of climate variability modes on extreme events of Mahanadi basin during June, July, and August (JJA), and September, October, and November (SON) seasons were analyzed, with daily streamflow data of four gauge stations for 34 years from 1980 to 2013 found to be associated with the sea surface temperature variations over Indo-Pacific oceans and Indian monsoon. Extreme events are identified based on their persistent flow for six days or more, where selection of the stations was based on the fact that there was no artificially regulated streamflow in any of the stations. Adequate scientific analysis was done to link the streamflow variability with the climate variability and very significant correlation was found with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Nino Modoki Index (EMI), and Indian monsoon. Agriculture covers major portion of the basin; hence, the streamflow is very much essential for agriculture as well as population depending on it. Any disturbances in the general flow of the river has subjected an adverse impact on the inhabitants' livelihood. While analyzing the correlation values, it was found that all stations displayed a significant positive correlation with Indian Monsoon. The respective correlation values were 0.53, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.38 for Andhiyarkore, Baronda, Rajim, and Kesinga during JJA season. Again in the case of stepwise regression analysis, Monsoon Index for the June, July, and August (MI-JJA) season (0.537 for Andhiyarkore) plays significant role in determining streamflow of Mahanadi basin during the JJA season and Monsoon Index for July, August, and September (MI-JAS) season (0.410 for Baronda) has a strong effect in affecting streamflow of Mahanadi during the SON season. Flood frequency analysis with Weibull's plotting position method indicates future floods in the Mahanadi river basin in JJA season.


Renal cell carcinoma, sometimes referred to as kidney cancer, is a condition in which kidney cells develop into malignant (cancerous) tumours and expand rapidly. One of the 20 most prevalent malignancies in both male and female is kidney cancer (GLOBOCAN 2020). The risk of developing kidney cancer in the male population is about 1/46 (2.02%) and for women, it is about 1/80 (1.03%). Renal cancer is significantly easier to identify when the disease hallmarks are properly understood, boosting the likelihood of overall survival rates among patients. One of the key factors for promoting or inhibiting the renal cancer associated pathways is messenger RNA. Messenger RNAs are single stranded RNA coding protein formation and also influence their regulation. Differentially expressed RNAs are the genes which have a significant correlation with their coding protein. Hence, analysis of the differentially expressed RNAs linked with kidney cancer is required to understand their significance in the underlying biogenesis of cancer tumorigenesis. To identify all the differentially expressed RNAs, microarray analysis technique was used which is an efficient tool to carry out simultaneous evaluation of hundreds of genes' expression. By physically printing DNA sequence information encoding RNA for specific genes onto microarray "chips," it is feasible to detect the quantity of each RNA molecule in a biological sample. Using the data from microarray analysis in GEO2R, differentially expressed RNAs are retrieved and categorized according to their regulation. Enrichr is used to analyse these differentially expressed RNAs and identify their role in different signalling pathways, biological functions, cellular elements and molecular activities. The results from this comprehensive in silico platform shall aid in a novel understanding of the DEGs involved in cancer pathways which can further be utilized in an experimental setup. Hence, this study will help in better understanding of the role and expression of the differentially expressed RNAs in renal cell carcinoma.


The present paper had the objectives of measuring the antioxidant activity of different extracts of the mushroom Agaricus blazei and evaluating the oxidative stability of soybean oil added with the mushroom extract. The mushroom dried in stove at 55oC and ground (10g) was submit to extraction with 100 mL methanol and methanol:water (1:1) for six and 12 hours, respectively, at room temperature. The extract with the highest antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH method, was added to the soybean oil at the concentration of 0.1% total phenolic compounds and then submitted to the Rancimat method and to the accelerated test in stove at 60oC for 16 days. Samples of oil were withdrawn every four days and the rate of peroxides and conjugated dienes were analyzed. The synthetic antioxidants BHT (100 mg/kg), TBHQ (50 mg/kg), and antioxidant-free soybean oil (control) were used as comparison parameters. The results showed that the methanol:water extract resulting from six hours of extraction presented the highest antioxidant activity. The oxidative stability of the mushroom extract, the synthetic antioxidants, and the control followed the sequence: TBHQ > mushroom extract > BHT = soybean oil (control). The mushroom extract was also efficient regarding the formation of peroxides and conjugated dienes. Despite the increase of these compounds over the time, the extract was less efficient than BHT and more efficient than TBHQ. The mushroom extract has shown effective in the protection of the oil, bearing the potential of a natural antioxidant.


CD 19 is a B cell surface protein capable of forming non‐covalent molecular complexes with a number of other B cell surface proteins including the CD21/CD81/Leu‐13 complex as well as with surface immunoglobulin. CD19 tyrosine phosphorylation increases after B cell activation, and is proposed to play a role in signal transduction through its cytoplasmic domain, which contains nine tyrosine residues. Several second messenger proteins have been shown to immunoprecipitate with CD 19, including p59 Fyn (Fyn), p59 Lyn (Lyn) and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI‐3 kinase). These associations are predicted to occur via the src‐homology 2 (SH2) domains of the second messenger proteins. Two of the cytoplasmic tyrosines in the CD 19 cytoplasmic region contain the consensus binding sequence for the PI‐3 kinase SH2 domain (YPO4‐X‐X‐M). However, the reported consensus binding sequence for the Fyn and Lyn SH2 domains (YPO4‐X‐X‐I/L) is not found in CD 19. We investigated the capacity of CD 19 cytoplasmic tyrosines to bind both Fyn and PI‐3 kinase SH2‐domain fusion proteins. In activated B cells, both Fyn and PI‐3 kinase SH2‐domain fusion proteins precipitate CD 19. Using synthetic tyrosine‐phosphorylated peptides comprising each of the CD 19 cytoplasmic tyrosines and surrounding amino acids, we investigated the ability of the Fyn SH2 and PI‐3 kinase SH2 fusion proteins to bind to the different CD 19 cytoplasmic phosphotyrosine peptides. ELISA revealed that the two CD 19 cytoplasmic tyrosine residues contained within the Y‐X‐X‐M sequences (Y484 and Y515) bound preferentially to the PI‐3 kinase SH2‐domain fusion proteins. Two different tyrosines (Y405 and Y445) bound preferentially to the Fyn SH2‐domain fusion protein via a novel sequence, Y‐E‐N‐D/E, different from that previously reported for the Fyn SH2 domain. In precipitation studies, peptide Y484 was able to compete with tyrosine phosphorylated CD 19 specifically for binding to the PI‐3 kinase SH2 domain fusion proteins, while peptides Y405 and Y445 were able to compete specifically for binding to the Fyn SH2 domain fusion proteins. These results indicate that CD19 may be capable of binding both Fyn and PI‐3 kinase concurrently, suggesting a mechanism for CD 19 signal transduction, in which binding of PI‐3 kinase to the Fyn SH3 domain results in activation of PI‐3 kinase.


Background: Workers are at risk of working memory and poor retrieval of information. The index of general abilities and knowledge of people at work is influenced by working memory and processing speed. The Cognitive Skills Index (CPI) lays out the conditions for calculating effective retrieval of data from working memory and processing of speed tasks. Objective: The present study aimed to develop a valid and psychometrically evaluated questionnaire for the assessment of the industrial work environment. Method: To assess internal consistency and repeatability, the questionnaire was applied to 1000 employees at Isfahan Steel Industries, and reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The final questionnaire is composed by 27 items with a high value of validity and reliability, and the resulting tool is a standard tool that can be applied in the work field by researchers, psychologists and health professionals to assess the cognitive effects in the workers' mental health. More than half of steel employees are worse than their age in social abilities, although their ability to publicly think is comparatively low. Conclusion: The CPI can be helpful in quantifying the analytical capacity of a worker if adequate facilities are sufficient for relative cognitive weaknesses.


At present,there are many problems existing in the local colleges'graduation design of the civil engineering specialty.The author combines with own experience of instructing graduation design and discussion on means to heighten the teaching quality of graduation design,it points out that should be paying attention to early work of teachers and students and tutors' ability training,and strengthening process management,etc.in order to ensure the quality of graduation design.


Nowdays businesses are being forced to make tough decisions impacting their workforce. So leaders and human resource professionals should not lose sight of the effort put forth by employees, as many are working harder to boost productivity and meet business objectives. With fewer resources and increased responsibilities due to layoffs, cutbacks and restructurings, employees are being asked to contribute at higher levels. But it is in times like this that leaders need to invest more in engaging their employees to reap the utmost commitment, productivity and focus. It is important to recognize and reward high performing employees for their resilience, hard work and loyalty during this period of recession. They need to look for innovative solutions to invest in people and demonstrate commitment to them as failure to do so may result in higher turnover once the economy rebounds. It is a leader's responsibility to ensure their workforce is skilled and motivated in order to stay competitive and perform at the expected levels of productivity—both today and while also positioning for future success as market conditions improve.
Leaders can't afford for their workforce to become complacent, stagnant or sustain "quit and stay" employees—those who are disengaged but won't leave. Many people feel vulnerable now and it is an opportune time for employers to deepen loyalty. Don't let cyclical market conditions be a distraction from creating a workforce strategy that focuses on the skilled talent needed to meet business goals—now and in the future.


Kaohsiung J Med Sci June 2006 • Vol 22 • No 6 271 In Taiwan, education and functioning on activities and participation of children with disabilities were enforced with amendments to government laws in 1997 [1–3]. However, a lot of effort has been put into related services such as environmental modification and functional remediation [4], and little attention has been paid to the quality of life (QoL) of these children. Recent studies in medicine and rehabilitation services have emphasized the importance of enhancing the overall wellbeing of the subjects, and not merely to preserve lives or basic functioning SELF-PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ADOLESCENTS


Isolation, characterization, and bioassay results of three new trichothecene mycotoxins, 3-ketoapotrichothecene, FS-3, and FS-4, as well as a new bisaboline, 4,5,10,11-tetrahydroxybisaboline, from Fusarium sambucinum are presented. 3,15-Diacetoxyscirpenol (3,15-DAS), FS-1, and 3α- and 3β-hydroxyapotrichothecenes are reported for the first time from F. sambucinum. The previously reported 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (4,15-DAS) (anguidine), 4-monoacetoxyscirpenol (4-MAS), 15-MAS, 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol (TAS), neosolaniol, sambucoin, and scirpenetriol were also found. The solid-state structure of DAS (anguidine) obained from single-crystal X-ray analysis is reported


Horizontal and parasagittal knife cuts in the hypothalamus of female hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were employed to investigate the neural pathways that mediate go nadal responses to photoperiod. Bilateral horizontal knife cuts placed dorsal to the paraven tricular nucleus (PVN) did not prevent short-day-induced acyclicity and uterine regression. On the other hand, regardless of photoperiod, animals with bilateral parasagittal knife cuts placed lateral to the PVN continued to exhibit regular 4-day estrous cycles and stimulated uteri. Thus, parasagittal cuts prevented the effects of short days on reproductive physiology. This finding suggests that the lateral efferent projections from the PVN represent an important component of the neural pathway mediating reproductive photoperiodism in female hamsters.


The San Diego (California) Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) light rail network is considered the first of the modern light rail systems in the U.S. Also known as the San Diego Trolley, MTS experienced record ridership in FY 2015 and looks to surpass 100 million passengers in FY 2016. This article discusses the $2 billion Mid-Coast Trolley Project, a major expansion project with construction to begin in 2016. It also describes the recently completed, $660 million Trolley Renewal project to overhaul the agency's entire system.


The Council of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists has devoted a special supplemental number of its journal, the American Journal of Pathology, to the occasion of Dr. Frank Burr Mallory's seventieth birthday, and the opening of the Mallory Institute of Pathology of the Boston City Hospital. Dr. Mallory's association with the hospital dates from 1891, when he was appointed an assistant to the pathologist, until his official retirement last year at the age of 70. Even in the matter of time this is noteworthy, but Dr. Mallory has given far more than length of service. His contributions to pathology have covered a wide field and the quality of his work bears the stamp of a keen, a critical and untiring mind, but as Dr. Leary says in his biographical note on him, "More remarkable than the production of publications has been the production of men . . . Through this laboratory during the years has passed a notable group of young men, destined to attain distinction in the teaching of medicine. Each neophyte was required to progress through. a series of assigned duties, from the sharpening of knives, the practice of histological technique, bacteriological diagnosis, daily conferences on surgical diagnosis, autopsy technique . . . to methods of teaching and of research. Moreover his training was overseen personally by Dr. Mallory, with whom in frequent conferences his critical


Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemia of adults in Western countries. A neoplastic clonal expansion of B cells, CLL is an indolent disease most prevalent in older patients; 90% of patients are 50 years old. CLL is commonly associated with enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes but uncommonly associated with expression in the head and neck, as seen in leukemia cutis (a leukemic infiltration of the skin). Expression of CLL in the paranasal sinuses is very rare, with only 2 cases reported.4,5 This report describes the case of a man with CLL and chronic sinusitis who was found to have a leukemic infiltrate in the nasal mucosa.


We present narrow-band photometric measurements of the exoplanet GJ 1214b using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy instrument. Using tuneable filters, we observed a total of five transits, three of which were observed at two wavelengths nearly simultaneously, producing a total of eight individual light curves, six of these probed the possible existence of a methane absorption feature in the 8770–8850 A region at high resolution. We detect no increase in the planet-to-star radius ratio across the methane feature with a change in radius ratio of ΔR = -0.0007 ± 0.0017 corresponding to a scaleheight (H) change of −0.5 ± 1.2H across the methane feature, assuming a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. We find that a variety of water and cloudy atmospheric models fit the data well, but find that cloud-free models provide poor fits. These observations support a flat transmission spectrum resulting from the presence of a high-altitude haze or a water-rich atmosphere, in agreement with previous studies. In this study, the observations are pre-dominantly limited by the photometric quality and the limited number of data points (resulting from a long observing cadence), which make the determination of the systematic noise challenging. With tuneable filters capable of high-resolution measurements (R ≈ 600–750) of narrow absorption features, the interpretation of our results are also limited by the absence of high-resolution methane models below 1 μm.


This systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research explored contextual factors relevant to non-pharmacological interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in schools.


Abstract Nitrogen heterocycles are structural motifs found in many bioactive natural products and of utmost importance in pharmaceutical drug development. In this work, a stereoselective synthesis of functionalized N‐heterocycles was accomplished in two steps, comprising the biocatalytic aldol addition of ethanal and simple aliphatic ketones such as propanone, butanone, 3‐pentanone, cyclobutanone, and cyclopentanone to N‐Cbz‐protected aminoaldehydes using engineered variants of d‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli (FSA) or 2‐deoxy‐d‐ribose‐5‐phosphate aldolase from Thermotoga maritima (DERATma) as catalysts. FSA catalyzed most of the additions of ketones while DERATma was restricted to ethanal and propanone. Subsequent treatment with hydrogen in the presence of palladium over charcoal, yielded low‐level oxygenated N‐heterocyclic derivatives of piperidine, pyrrolidine and N‐bicyclic structures bearing fused cyclobutane and cyclopentane rings, with stereoselectivities of 96–98 ee and 97:3 dr in isolated yields ranging from 35 to 79%.


A case of congenital dysmyelinating neuropathy is reported, in which computerised morphological analysis showed a prominent loss of fibers with large axons, in addition to overall thinness of myelin sheath. Ultrastructural examination showed aberrant formation of basal lamina and abnormal ensheathment by Schwann cells of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Hypomyelination appears to be only one aspect of this neuropathy, in which axonal pathology plays a major role.


Quality-oriented education" is an educational idea put forward at the end of the 20th century and has since been explored with great efforts in China. The implementation of this idea is intended to enhance the comprehensive quality of the trainees. It will benefit the cultivation of new-type personnel with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and innovative thinking to put more efforts in carrying out quality-oriented education in the process of specialty education and student activities. In this aspect, the College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University has gained some achievement, which is reported in this paper.


A steel slag atomizing treating system with preheating device of injection air for atomizing, according to the present invention comprises: a tundish which drops a fixed amount of molten steel slag while tapping and supplying to predetermined direction; a spraying device which forms a slag ball by scattering a molten steel slag which is dropped from the tundish; an open slag storage yard which stacks scattered steel slag balls; a bucket elevator which takes out the stacked slag balls. The preheating device of injection air for atomizing (60) comprises: a heat absorber (61) which absorbs the high temperature of the slag ball by being installed in the lower part of the pile of slag ball (12) which is stacked in an open slag ball storage yard (30), and a heat retrieving line (62) which is connected to the spraying device (20) from the back of the heat absorber (61). [Reference numerals] (AA) Vacuum suction; (BB) Atomizing; (CC) Heated gas; (DD) High pressure air


We examined in rats the relationship between the ordering of retinal axons in the optic pathway and the formation of a retinotopically organized projection to their primary target, the contralateral superior colliculus (SC). We have previously found that axons labeled by focal injections of 1, 1′‐dioctadecyl 3, 3, 3, ′3′ ‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) made in temporal or nasal retina of perinatal rats commonly mistarget along the medial‐lateral and rostral‐caudal axes of the SC. By postnatal day (P) 11–12, the retinocollicular projection attains an adult‐like topography. Incorrectly targeted axons or axon segments are removed; axons that persist terminate in the topographically appropriate part of the SC (Simon and O'Leary: Dev Biol 137:125, 1990).


An analytical computer model of the changes in the moisture budget at the soil surface is described. The model has been developed as part of a program for prediction of soil movement beneath low rise structures and soil structure interaction. The purpose of the model determines some of its special features, namely, its applicability to relatively small urban areas with sparse vegetation and the use of lumped meteorological and soil parameters. The model simulates time dependence of the finite element implementation of Richard's equation. It takes account of meteorological data which includes precipitation, pan evaporation, air temperature and air humidity. The combination of phenomena on the soil surface such as rainfall, interception by vegetation, infiltration into the soil surface, overland flow, storage in depressions, and evapotranspiration in its several forms is taken into account. As an example of an application of the model, the calculation of the moisture balance at the surface of clayey soil due to meteorological conditions at Maryville, New South Wales is presented. The daily magnitudes of the changes in moisture budget were obtained. The behaviour of this budget was analysed and the usefulness of the model for prediction of moisture content at depth in the soil in comparison with models which assume periodic or sudden changes in surface suction is shown.