T he challenge of developing systems with complex sets of requirements seems to be inherently complicated, despite persistent advice to keep it simple. However, consider the goal of building trustworthy systems using predictably sound compositions of well-designed components along with analysis of the properties that are preserved or transformed, or that emerge, from the compositions. Conceptually, that should considerably simplify and improve development, especially if we follow the paths of David Parnas, Edsger Dijkstra, and others. Unfortunately, there is a huge gap between theory and common practice: system compositions at present are typically ad hoc, based on the intersection of potentially incompatible component properties, and dependent on untrustworthy components that were not designed for interoperability— often resulting in unexpected results and risks. Composition is meaningful with respect to many entities such as requirements, specifications, protocols , hardware/software implementations, and evaluations. The ability to predict the effects of such compositions analytically might follow simply from a proactive combination including good system architecture, system design, sound software engineering , sensible programming languages, compilers, and supporting tools, with attention to assurance throughout development. However, various difficulties can hinder predictable composition: Inadequate requirements and architectures. " If a program has not been specified, it cannot be incorrect; it can only be surprising. " (Young, Boebert, and Kain). Its composability with other programs is also likely to be surprising. Unfortunately, system specifications are always inherently incomplete, even though we desire that they completely and correctly define the relationships among modules and their interfaces, inputs, state transitions, internal state information, outputs, and exception conditions. Poor software engineering. The absence of sensible abstraction, modular encapsulation, information hiding, and other sound principles (for example, Saltzer-Schroeder) can seriously impede composabil-ity, as can riskful programming languages, undisciplined programming practices, and unwary use of analysis tools. Multiparty incompatibilities. If proactively designed, heterogeneous systems could mix and match alternative components, enabling interoper-ability among disparate developers. However, incompatibilities among interface assumptions, the existence of proprietary internal and external interfaces , and extreme performance degradations resulting from the inability to optimize across components can result in compositional snafus. Scalability issues. Composability can create scalabil-ity problems. Performance may degrade badly or non-predictably as subsystems are conjoined. Further degradations can result—for example, from design flaws, software bugs, and indirect effects of the composition. Other aspects of composability also are relevant. Policy composability. Policies for security, integrity, privacy, and safety components (especially when incomplete) often cannot compose …


Comparative studies on the effect of aluminium particles in natural rubber (NR) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) were conducted. The incorporation of aluminium particles in NR or EPDM composites increased the cure time, t 90, and scorch time, t S2 . At a fixed filler loading, EPDM composites exhibited longer t 90 and t S2 than NR composites. The results also indicate that the maximum torque, M H of aluminium filled NR and EPDM composites increase with increasing filler loading. For tensile properties, EPDM composites show lower tensile properties than NR composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that aluminium filled EPDM composites have better thermal stability than aluminium filled NR composites. The results for electrical properties indicate that the electrical properties of aluminium filled NR and EPDM composites increase with increase in filler loading.


The educational process in Russia is more and more focused on attracting young researchers-students to the scientific work. This increases the requirements for skills in organising research activities of students and especially undergraduates. The material provides a visual model for representing knowledge how to organize and conduct scientific research. This visual model is designed to help students and undergraduates independently prepare and carry out scientific research in the training course in the conditions of digital transformation of activities and automated support systems for information solutions.


The article presents empirical evidence of the effectiveness of functional competence development in professional linguistic education based on the sociopragmatic approach. The effectiveness of the experimental work was revealed by comparing the results of objective measures of functional competence indicators at the ascertaining and control stages of the experiment. The results of the experimental work, statistically confirmed using a comparative analysis according to the Mann-Whitney test, are statistically significant (p < 0.05), and emphasize the positive changes in objective indicators of spontaneous foreign language speech of bachelors of linguistics in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of the implemented experimental work show that the proposed model of the functional competence development based on the sociopragmatic approach contributes to the improvement of the indicators of the functional competence (fluency of spontaneous foreign language speech, propositional precision). The speed of speech and the number of uttered syllables without hesitation pauses have increased, the number of unnatural pauses has decreased, the level of the integral indicator of functional knowledge and skills necessary for the implementation of relevant and successful communication in professional and interpersonal communication has significantly increased.


University students on welfare, working with academic researchers, successfully lobbied for a state policy in Wyoming to define postsecondary education as work under the 1996 welfare reform law. This article describes the researchers' use of participatory action research (PAR) in the policy arena. Consumer researchers are encouraged to consider using PAR to help make postsecondary education more available to low-income parents. New PAR studies could assist low-income consumers in analyzing the use of surplus welfare funds and new federal regulations, which now make postsecondary education a more viable option for state welfare reform policies. A decade ago, in his Colston E. Warne lecture, Stephen Brobeck urged consumer researchers to address the reality that they "have little influence on public policy making" (1988). Scholars in consumer science are not alone; scholars in policy science also have expressed concerns over the limits of their influence (deLeon 1994). Brobeck described two key reasons for the lack of policy influence by consumer researchers: over-involvement in theory or methodology, with consequent irrelevance to policy, and the frequent failure to address the most pressing public policy issues. Because consumer researchers possess knowledge and expertise that can improve the well-being of consumers, especially low-income consumers, Brobeck's call for greater involvement by consumer researchers in policy studies should be heeded. The study described here addresses a pressing policy issue of interest to consumer researchers-- welfare reform and the college option--and introduces a methodology that can make research more relevant to policy studies. During one state's actions related to welfare reform, undergraduate university students who had been trained in advocacy education, as defined by Pratt (1995) and illustrated by Quoss (1992), engaged in direct advocacy. These students, most who were welfare recipients, successfully lobbied the state legislature to define postsecondary education as a form of work under their state's new welfare law. The students' legislative success cannot be understood apart from the context of the participatory action research (PAR) study that facilitated their actions. University researchers in family and consumer sciences supervised a PAR thesis study of the students' advocacy activities; both the policy issue and the study are reported here. Because PAR is unfamiliar to many researchers, it is described in some detail in terms of its philosophy, methods, risks, and benefits. The concluding discussion returns to the policy issue of a college option in welfare reform, with suggested activities that consumer specialists in academia can promote to increase the lifetime economic well-being of many low-income consumers. THE DEVOLUTION OF WELFARE POLICY AND STUDENTS' ADVOCACY Welfare Policy Devolution The current transfer of federal welfare policymaking to state and local levels--a transfer process known as devolution -- has expanded consumer researchers' opportunities to influence state-level policy-making and implementation. The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) represents the first major reform of welfare policy since President Franklin Roosevelt's 1930's New Deal social welfare programs (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 1997). PRWORA replaced the entitlement approach of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), which limits program participants to a maximum of five years cash assistance over a lifetime and requires participants to work or enter job training. The PRWORA also changed a number of welfare-related policies: (1) emergency funds are available for a maximum of one month per year; (2) the children's Supplemental Security Income program was redesigned, reducing coverage for medical diagnoses; (3) fu nding for the Title XX Social Service Block Grant was reduced; (4) a number of separate child care grant programs were consolidated under the Child Development Fund; (5) food programs were reduced; and (6) stronger child support sanctions were provided. …


Using extensive interviews with 32 males and 32 females serving life sentences in Indian prisons for domestic‐related homicides, this study examines the cultural context in which those homicides took place. Compared to their male counterparts, female offenders had lower literacy rates, lower family incomes, minimal if any education, and lower employment skills. Male offenders killed siblings, parents, spouses, and children, while female offenders killed spouses, children, and adult daughters‐in‐law. Both males and females used knives or agricultural implements. Females were the only ones to use poison or drowning. No offender used a gun. The subordinate status of Indian women, the social taboos against female alcohol use and work outside the home, specific cultural traditions about marriage, and property disputes figured most prominently in these homicides.


Mass dimension one quantum fields, constructed upon eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator with dual helicity (ELKO), are prime candidates to describe dark matter. Their interaction with the photon and the proton, in scattering processes, are here explored and discussed, using both the standard QFT with a Maxwell gauge field and a generalized QFT also involving a Podolsky gauge sector. Renormalization and radiative corrections are analyzed in the ELKO setup, in the context of a generalized spinor dual and the twisted conjugation, both yielding unitarity. Several applications are scrutinized, involving the inherent darkness underlying ELKO construction and galaxies rotation curves, the non-relativistic potential regime, and the Møller-like scattering involving ELKO.


The HIV epidemic is well-established in South Africa. It is even possible that the prevalence of HIV could reach higher levels in South Africa than in most other countries due to the combination of poor communities living in a country with highly developed patterns of urbanization, labor mobility, civil unrest, and an efficient transport infrastructure. About 10% of South Africa's adult population is infected with HIV and there could be more than 100,000 AIDS cases before the year 2000. Since most AIDS cases occur among young adults, there will definitely be an impact upon the employed. The normal mortality rate for working adults will double over the next 5 years. Employee benefits, labor relations, and the risk for retirement funding are discussed. The author concludes that until cost-effective treatment for HIV/AIDS becomes available, most South African employees can expect a continuous reduction in the value of their employee benefits. It is up to the retirement funding industry to find creative solutions to escalating employee benefit costs without being unfairly discriminatory.


The most prevalent cause of death of Brazilian woman is breast cancer, representing approximately 20% of tumors and 15% of deaths. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of associated risk factors to breast cancer among mastectomized women. It was an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of 19 women who had undergone mastectomy and later treated with prosthesis or physiotherapy services during the period from March 2004 to April 2005 at the Dom Aquino Correa Rehabilitation Center Foundation in the city of Cuiaba (Mato Grosso State, Brazil). Data was collected through a closed-question questionnaire. All of the 19 researched women presented at least one of the factors potential risk factors for breast cancer. It was possible to verify that the sample was composed of young women of working age. The most frequent incidence of breast cancer occurred between the ages of 43 and 53. Breast cancer revealed itself in this population as a disease that takes place in women with more than one child and who had breastfed their babies. Women with breast cancer did not present family history of this disease, although the majority of them did have close relatives with associated malignancies in other organs.


A system to account for the repair of freight cars, including--billing for repairs made to the railroad's cars and other railroads' cars, records on repairs and reweighs, production and performance, and integration with accounting and transportation needs.


The method of recovering waste sulfuric acid and waste gas produced in titanium dioxide production includes feeding the kiln waste gas and the waste into the graphite tower, where, through mixing, gas-liquid contact and concentration, acid is separated from titanium dioxide, and inorganic salt in the acid solution is crystallized and separated; and further feeding the acid solution into silicon carbide evaporator, where partial water is evaporated in negative pressure state to make the concentration of acid reach 80-90 %. The present invention can eliminate the pollution of waste acid and waste gas while recovering acid for reuse and titanium dioxide.


The psychiatrist opens his mail and stares at a very legal document. It does not start out with "Greetings!", but the effect may be the same. A paragraph half way down reads "You are commanded to appear and testify before the Superior Court (or similar judicial authority)" and specifies an exact date and hour for that appearance. Near the bottom, to account for his reaction, might be the statement "and for a failure to attend you will be deemed guilty of a contempt of court."l His reaction might be more marked if the document sounds sterner to include "that all and singular business and excuses being laid aside [and] you appear and attend, etc."; and in addition to punishment for contempt "you will forfeit to the party aggrieved one hundred dollars and all damages which may be sustained by YO\Jr failure to attend."1 It might be signed by a district attorney, the judge of a court, but most likely by a clerk of the court of jurisdiction. 2 •• The dilemma for the psychiatrist in his professional role is that he is being ordered to testify about and supply all his records on a specific patient while under the professional obligation to maintain absolute confidentiality. The Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association, in Section 9, dealing with confidentiality makes an Gnqualified exception for a legal demand for information. The American Psychiatric Association included this on its position paper on guidelines for psychiatrists, but emphasized "but the psychiatrist should understand his duty to protect the welfare of the patient. ,,3 The frightening language of the document intimidates most recipients of subpoenas. The danger in failure to comply is real. Dr. Joseph E. Lifschutz of Orinda, California spent three days in jail in trying to support the principle that he had an obligation not to give information about his patients. Only the intervention of the California Supreme Court got him out of jail at the end of three days. Dr. James B. Robertson of San Leandro, California and Dr. George R. Caesar of Kentfield, California have each spent between ten thousand and twenty·five thousand dollars trying to protect the confidentiality of their pati6nts from the threat of SUbpoenas. If the recipient knew how easy it was to have a subpoena issued; if he knew how readily the subpoena could demand information when there actually was no legal right to command the disclosure of information; if he knew how often an individual releases information that legally he had no right to release because of intimidation, he would view the threat of the subpoena with less fear and greater skepticism. A lawyer may merely attest that he believes a certain individual has certain information that is relevant to the issue at court to get a subpoena issued. These forms are transmitted to the office of the clerk of the court routinely and the clerk of the court has a staff that routinely makes out the subpoena to be served by organized processors. No one reviews the request for the subpoena. No one examines the basis for the request. No one discusses with anyone else whether there is a legal right for disclosure. No one raises the question whether information is protected by law against disclosure before the subpoena is issued. The subpoena is requested and routinely issued on the principle of law that there is a right for discovery of any and all facts relative to the issue at court. It isn't that the laws are necessarily written to support this procedure. In California, where the above process operates, the law demands an affidavit "setting forth in fUll detail [italics added] the materiality thereof to the issue involved."1 The California law even presumes a judicial review before a subpoena is issued. This protection against violation of the Fourth Amendment was covered in the Federal Laws until July 1,1970 by requiring "showing good cause" for the issuance of a sUbpoena.5 This term "good cause" "means more than mere


ABSTRACT

AMBAR PURWANINGRUM. Influenced of Membered Participation to the rest of the result of cooperative efforts at Multi Purposed Cooperative of East Jakarta. Script, Jakarta : Economics Education Program, Economics and Cooperative Education Concentration, Economics Majors and the Administration, Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta. 2011.

The purpose of this research is to know the influenced of membered participation to the rest of the result of cooperative efforts at multi purposed cooperative of East Jakarta. This research has done from during five month since May 2011 until June 2011 and continued on September 2011 until November 2011. Research method using method with correlation approach, while the data
from primary and secondary data. The population research was all of membered on multi purposed cooperative of East Jakarta is 1001 members and 100 members for sample with used Stratified Proportional Random Sampling . Collecting X variable data (Membered Participation) using instrument of questionnaire with Likert Scale and Y variable using accountability reports
cooperative . Before that for X variable and Y variable it has construct validity test by validation process, that is correlation coefficient valuing score with total score and reliability test using Alpha Cronbach Formula. Reliability X variable (Membered Participation) is 0,940. The analysis test by finding regression equation, that is Y = 16,52 + 0,688 X. After that, data normality test by using lilifors formula and the result is Lcount (Lo) = 0,082 and Ltable (Lt ) = 0,089 in significant level 0,05, so Lcount Ftable (3,91), showing that, it has regression. While regression linearity test, Fcount (0,98) < Ftable (1,65), showing that regression is linier. Beside that, the result of determination coefficient test is r2
 = 0.3042. That means is variation membered devident of cooperation variable determinate by
30,42% variation of membered participation. The conclusion shown that research have positive influenced between membered participation to rest of the result of cooperative efforts at multi purposed cooperative of East Jakarta.


Tumor cells transduced with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene have been intensively applied to the field of positron emission tomography via imaging of its substrate. As a pilot synthesis approach, a facile preparation of 5-[ 125 1]iodoarabinosyl uridine starting from commercially available uridine is reported herein.


In China's copyright legal system,neighboring rights exsit which are different from the copyright.But both right objects can't be distinguished clearly.It causes the copyright legal system incoordinate.In this paper,after analysizing the legal relationship of copyright and neghboring rights,it is thought that two of them are distinguished because the material difference original standard of work in copyright system and the author right system.Regarding the original standard as the final point,the paper demonstrates that the objects' attribute of copyright and neghboring rights could be unity.It is profitable to coordinate copyright legal system.


The rationale of this concept paper is to describe the application of Agency Theory in higher
education institutions. The theory focused on the relationship between the principal and
agent. Within the relationship, the most important problems that arise are informational
asymmetries and goal conflicts. This is due to the incomplete information and different
behaviour in the actions by the agents. Agency Theory needs to be further explore and testing
to create valuable tool for research study especially in the context of higher education
institutions. Within this perspective, research and the structure of this theory is applicable as a
conceptual framework for the study related to the relationship between government and
public funded universities.


cardiac rehabilitation after CRT is recommended by the current HF practice guidelines at the Class I level.9–11 Important clinical questions are: (1) whether cardiac rehabilitation after CRT is beneficial for non-responders and (2) whether cardiac rehabilitation after CRT improves long-term prognosis. In this issue of the Journal, Misumi et al12 first investigate the relationship between CRT response and response to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, as well as that between %∆LVEF after CRT and %∆ peak V̇O2 after exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, in an observational study. The 3-month exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program was initiated through supervised in-hospital sessions (5 days per week), followed by supervised outpatient sessions (1–3 times per week). The exercise program preT he prevalence of heart failure (HF) in developed countries, including Japan, is approximately 1–2%, and this increases in older populations. HF is characterized by decreased exercise capacity attributable to neurocirculatory, vascular functional, and skeletal muscle factors. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), exercise capacity, quality of life (QOL) scores,1,2 and prognosis3,4 in patients with HF and reduced LVEF (especially that associated with left bundle branch block). These benefits of CRT are due to an improvement in the central cardiovascular function of the heart (Figure). This improvement in cardiac function leads to reverse remodeling with a reduction in the size of the LV.4 However, previous reports have demonstrated a 30% non-responder rate in LVEF improvement.5 Participation in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after CRT reportedly improves patients' peak V̇O2 and QOL,6–8 mainly via peripheral effects (Figure). Therefore, Article p ????


Currently no universal approach exists to estimate regional site-level maximum carrying capacity in terms of stand densityindex (SDIMAX) of mixed species stands across contrasting forest ecosystems...


Objective Lumbar foraminal or extraforaminal disc herniations (FEFDH) have unusual clinical features and higher incidence in elderly patients compared to usual intraspinal canal disc herniations. We evaluated the efficacy of microdiscectomy via paramedian approach for lumbar FEFDH in elderly patients over the age of 65. Methods Retrospective study was performed in 68 patients over the age of 65 (23 male and 45 female patients; 71.46±3.87 years) who underwent microdiscectomy via paramedian approach for unilateral lumbar FEFDH causing sciatica. The radiological factors including degree of slippage, presence of instability, disc height, and degree of disc degeneration; pain and functional status by the means of visual analogue scale score, Oswestry Disability Index score, and Macnab classification were analyzed preoperatively and during the postoperative follow-up period of 3 years to evaluate the efficacy of the surgical treatment. Results Pain and functional status improved according to short- and long-term follow-up evaluations after surgery. Radiological changes following surgery, which can be understood as structural deteriorations and deformations, did not represent patient condition. Nine patients underwent additional surgery due to sustained or recurring leg pain of aggravation of back pain, and fusion surgery was required for 3 patients. Degree of preoperative slippage was the only statistically significant factor related to additional surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion Microdiscectomy via paramedian approach for FEFDH may be a good surgical alternative in elderly patients. Radiological changes after surgery did not show a concordance with patients' actual functional status. The excessive preoperative slippage tended to lead to unfavorable result after surgery and was associated with additional surgery.


The feeding behavior and the growth of larval and juvenile Epinephelus coioide was studied in October and December 2005.It shows that the larvae opened its mouth in 4 days after hatching at water temperature of 26.5-28.5℃.The initial diet can be fertilized eggs and trochophore of oyster and than rotifer,Artemia naupliu,copepod and fish meat,in consequent during the growth.Based on the observation of 422 individuals,it was found that the feeding rate reached 95.1% with intestinal fullness fluctuated between 0.96%~34.15% and the daily feeding index was at 45.83%~82.08% by the weight.Rhythm of feeding intensity was obvious during the day and night.Higher feeding intensity was found at 11:00 a.m.and 15:00 p.m.for the larvae and was at 13:00 p.m.and 17:00 p.m.for the juveniles.Little feeding activities were observed during the night.When mixed food is used,larval and juvenile fish preferred food particles of larger size.The time for feeding from empty stomach to fullness,the average amount of food in full stomach,and the time for food digesting by larval and juvenile of Epinephelus coioide were measured.The correlations for feeding amount and body weight is expressed as y=0.017W+0.198,for total length and day age is LT=2.229e0.038D,for body weight and day age,W=0.063e0.130D,and for total length and body weight,W=0.004 7LT3.319.


Oxygen homeostasis is essential to the survival of all O 2 consuming species. The carotid body (CB) is the site in the body that triggers awareness of changes in blood oxygen pressure and consist of oxygen sensitive cells that generate electric signals in response to a decrease in arterial oxygen pressure. The electric signals are used by the central nervous system to regulate the functions of respiratory muscles and cardiovascular system. At altitude, CB plays a primary role undergoing structural changes that are fundamental to surviving at extreme situations. With the lowering of arterial PO 2 at high altitude, there is an immediate increase in firing of afferents from chemoreceptors in the carotid body. After peaking over the next few minutes, the firing rate of afferents begins to rise again within hours until a steady state is reached. This secondary increase occurs along with increase in neurotransmitter synthesis and release and altered gene expression followed by hypertrophy of carotid body glomus cells. Further exposure to hypoxia eventually leads to blunting of the ventilatory response. During acclimatization, resting ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia is gradually increased and is maintained thereafter, it has also been reported that resting hypoxic sensitivity is maintained after exposure to hypoxia for many months and years. The response to chronic hypoxia suggests that a number of CB factors involved with growth and neurotransmission are released with time. It is also important to consider that oxygen-sensing mechanisms occur in a tissue-specific fashion, for example, the carotid body responds to hypoxia promptly by eliciting a ventilatory response, whereas oxygen sensitive mechanism in kidney, with the erythropoietin production in response to hypoxia requires more time, involving new expression of genes. The chemoreceptors are the gates that carry information concerning the status of systemic arterial oxygen, therefore, CB is important not only for oxygen sensitive cells, but also for systemic


Irish international riders Anna Merveldt and Judy Reynolds have both qualified to represent Ireland at the European Dressage championships in La Mandria, Turin, Italy this week [27/8/2007 to 2/9/2007].


In this paper, I explore the role of ambient context in the encoding and decoding of election tweets and the ways these tweets signal perceived affective interconnectedness between users. I particularly explore the tweets by Turkish microcelebrities that do not make sense outside of a transient context and thus rely on the ambient context provided by shared online or offline experiences. These tweets include reactions or responses to TV interviews, news reports, rallies and so on. In scholarly works, similar tweets have been mainly observed within hashtagged datasets where the hashtag provides the necessary context. Building on Abidin's (2015) account on perceived interconnectedness as a performance of intimacy between influencers and followers, I analyse such tweets as signifiers of affective interconnectedness that reinforce a 'feeling of community' (Dean, 2010). Thus, I argue that during political events, for Twitter microcelebrities, affect, as in, manifestations of experienced emotions (Papacharissi, 2012), replaces other strategies of intimacy in building these bonds. Political events create an environment where intimacy is capitalized to reinforce affective experiences and is simultaneously generated through them. Understanding the subtext in these affective expressions imply a degree of togetherness between the microcelebrity and the follower, a shared, in-group experience that relies on an existing familiarity and reinforces the intimacy between them.


This article explores illegal migration through Tunisian rap. It considers this music an aspect of resistance and protest against the socio-economic and political conditions obliging thousands of Tunisians to cross the Mediterranean in makeshift boats in search of better prospects and challenging the increasing security and legislative measures crippling mobility imposed by the EU and Tunisian authorities. This article contends that harga songs document the history of the working class in Tunisia and carve the identity of harraga as people who have been marginalised for generations. It concludes that EU-Tunisia security talks and dialogues remain ineffective as long as the root causes of illegal migration have not been addressed. Keywords: illegal migration, Tunisian rap, resistance, marginalization, security, immobility, identity


This publication is included within the activities of Jean Monnet Module "Fostering Knowledge of EU Constitutional Framework: Rights and Institutions", University of Extremadura (Reference: n ° 565553-EPP-1-2015-1-ES-EPPJMO-MODULE)


Rationale: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause a viral pneumonia together with other extrapulmonary complications. Acute cardiac related injury (ACRI) is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Objective: To explain the pathological mechanism of ACRI and improve the treatment strategy by retrospectively observing the factors associated with ACRI and factors affecting the prognosis of ACRI with COVID-19 at an early stage. Methods: 619 COVID-19 patients were from Tongji Hospital, Wuhan. T test was used for continuous variables while Chi-square test for categorical factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Among the 619 OOS Level-I hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 102 (16.5%) were defined as ACRI (stage-1: 59 cases, stage-2: 43 cases). 50% of ACRI patients developed into severe cases and 25 patients died (CFR=24.5%), 42 times that of non-ACRI patients. Elderly (OR=2.83, P<0.001) , HTN (OR=2.09, P=0.005), {gamma}-globulin (OR=2.08, P=0.004), TCM (OR=0.55, P=0.017), PLT (OR=2.94, P<0.001) and NLR (OR=2.20, P=0.004) were independently correlated with ACRI. SBP[≥]140, dyspnea, DM, smoking history were correlated with ACRI-stage2 only. In the prognostic subgroup analysis of ACRI patients,{gamma}-globulin treatment could prolong LOS. TCM (OR=0.26, P=0.006), SBP[≥]160 (OR= 22.70, P=0.005), male (OR=2.66, P=0.044) were associated with severe illness while corticosteroids treatment (OR=3.34, P=0.033) and male (OR=4.303, P=0.008) with death. Surprisingly, we found the mortality of non-elderly patients is higher than elderly (32.4% VS 20.0%, P=0.164), and both IKF and RASI treatment were not correlated with any prognostic indicators including severe, death and LOS. Conclusion: This study observed that several non-traditional issues were associated with early cardiac injury in COVID-19 while many traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not. Besides elderly and male, hypertension was confirmed to be the most important risk factor.


The south-eastern region of the UK is facing water scarcity due to population growth and insufficient rainfall to meet household water demand. One of the regulatory requirements for water utilities is customer engagement to increase water efficiency. This chapter aims to identify key barriers to delivering engagement activities promoting household water efficiency and opportunities for improving practices in Essex & Suffolk Water (ESW) – a UK water utility operating in areas of serious water stress. A reflection is made on the water utility's Every Drop Counts (EDC) home visit campaign, an annual household water efficiency initiative, with particular focus on insights from its face-to-face delivery during Asset Management Plan 6 (AMP6, 2015−2020). The pilot of the EDC campaign's virtual initiative comprising of 66 virtual home visits is examined, with focus on drawing out lessons learned as Asset Management Plan 7 (AMP7, 2020−2025) begins during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
 Whilst the virtual home visit campaign was found to reach a broader customer base, save financial and environmental costs, and address the season and place constraints typically posed by the face-to-face campaign, fewer water saving devices were installed per property (4.4) compared to the face-to-face campaign (6.4), and calculating measured water savings was impossible due to customers failing to take water meter readings independently during the COVID-19 lockdown. Face-to-face home visits should therefore not mean an end to virtual home visits and vice versa, but rather serve as a twin-track strategy for delivering the campaign.
 Key strategies that emerged as improving face-to-face home visits in ESW include increasing the use of customer insight; varying the frame for water efficiency communications; improving the face-to-face engagement strategy; enhancing knowledge training; and creating feedback mechanisms between water efficiency managers and plumbers on the frontline. To better maximise virtual home visits, it is recommended that the behavioural change aspect of water efficiency education is delivered as a key and complementary aspect of appointments, and customers are better supported to self-install a wider range of water saving devices.
 This chapter bridges the gap between water management theory and practice by providing a better understanding of how practitioners are putting concepts into action on the ground and by so doing, contributes to building a learning culture in the global water sector.


Resistin is a poly-peptide hormone secreted by adipose cells. It has been proved that resistin participates in insulin resistance by affecting insulin signaling pathway and is closely related to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. More and more studies show that resistin can promote the expression of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6, induce vascular inflammatory reaction, and damage blood vessel endothelium and affect its function. Endothelial dysfunction is a trigging step involved in pathological process of artherosclerosis and diatetic vascular complication, suggesting resistin maybe play an important role in the occurrence and develpment of cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we will summarize the studies about resistin participation in endothelial dysfunction.


In the soft soil stratum, problems such as non-uniform settlement, leakage, and loss of bearing capacity occur during a shield tunnel's construction and operation process. The wrong selection of the inner diameter of the shield tunnel segment will even increase the scale of the problem. It has not been clear how the inner diameter of the segment will influence a tunnel's bearing capacity. Thus, a 3D numerical model is built to determine the mechanism between the inner diameter and the bearing capacity. Two kinds of the diameter of shield tunnel, which refer to 5.5m and 5.9m, are analyzed in this model. The results indicate that the deformation mechanism of these two kinds of shield tunnel in both normal loading process and a loading process concerning the surrounding engineering activities; meanwhile, it is found that the shape of the deformed tunnel is like a horizontal ellipse; finally, the deformation mechanism of segment and bolt is further revealed.


This study is conducted to examine Cancer Information Acceptance in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (Abuth), Shika, Zaria. Four research objectives were formed for the study which aim to; identify types of cancer information available to caregivers and cancer patients, know the kinds of cancer information sources accessible by caregivers, find out the extent to which the cancer information sources and services provided satisfy the information need of cancer patients and to find out the challenges faced by the caregivers in accessing, sourcing and utilizing cancer information in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria. Forty (40) caregivers of cancer patients formed the population for the study. Questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The data collected for the study were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables, percentages and mean score were also used. It was discovered that, treatment, disease, side effects, nutrition, coping and support were available types of cancer information available to caregivers and cancer patients in ABUTH, Shika. The study revealed that health professionals, internet, books, magazines and library were most sources for cancer information. The findings ascertained that few caregivers were not satisfied with information need provided by healthcare professionals. The study showed, emotional and physical stress was one of the challenges faced by the caregivers in accessing, sourcing and utilizing cancer information. The study recommended that it is important to develop standardized information based on caregivers' identified needs and deliver the information in various health formats so that information is readily available, and the source of information delivery must also be in the manner and through the mode that is in accordance to caregiver's preference.


Fluctuations in acoustic propagation as seen in data collected during the SWARM 95 experiment are analyzed and related to the oceanographic environment. Acoustic data were collected on a 32 element vertical receiver array which spanned the 88 m water column from depths of 23 to 85 m. The receiver array was located 42 km seaward from two fixed acoustic projectors which transmitted a 224 Hz PRN signal (16 Hz bandwidth) and a 400 Hz PRN signal (100 Hz bandwidth). Intensity statistics, such as scintillation index (SI) and the probability distribution function (PDF), are discussed as a function of depth and time for narrow‐band and broadband (replica correlation) processing. Broadband SI is shown to be less than the narrow‐band SI which has a typical value of 2. The PDF is shown to be neither a Rayleigh nor a log‐normal distribution and evidence is presented that unsaturated scattering processes are involved. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]


Leukodystrophy is a group of demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases of brain with varied presentation and multiple etiologies. Prognosis is predominantly dismal. Misdiagnosis and wrong treatment are common in this group of rare neurological disorders, especially when it presents with psychiatric symptoms. In this case, importance of neurological and radiological evaluation and need for high diagnostic suspicion in treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders is highlighted.


Since the 1980s,based on competence-based vocational education training model of developed countries ,we have done a lot of promotion,research,exploration and innovation.In this context,analysis of practice variations of Chinese vocational education and training mode localization,proposal of standard personnel training mode of conception and future development trends and thus to provide reference on the teaching reform of vocational education in China.


In this letter, we describe the formation and the evolution of Brillouin precursor fields through human tissues by using a frequency-domain analysis technique and a multi-pole Cole–Cole model to characterize the dielectric properties of the human body tissues, in a frequency band designated by the FCC for ultra wide band medical applications, which extends from 0.5 to 20 GHz. A 3D representation of the human body model has been implemented by employing a discretized mesh of cuboids with a resolution of 8 mm3 in which the frequency dispersive material parameters for different tissues have been considered. The dispersive propagation is analyzed for the purposes of radar imaging and intra-body communications. The performance of a classical rectangular pulse, a Brillouin pulse and a medium-matched waveform is described. The results show the potential application of this type of communication scheme in order to improve the achievable measurement range and provide better signal to noise ratios.


В статье на основе изученного материала проведен анализ земельно-водных отношений стран СНГ и зарубежных стран. In the article on the basis of the studied material the analysis of landed-water relations of countries of C\S and foreign countries is conducted.


The K-Sommerfeld values (K) and the melting percentage (% F) obtained by numerical simulation using the Jets et Poudres software were used to find the projection parameters of zirconia-alumina coatings by thermal spraying flame, in order to obtain coatings with good morphological and structural properties to be used as thermal insulation. The experimental results show the relationship between the Sommerfeld parameter and the porosity of the zirconia-alumina coatings. It is found that the lowest porosity is obtained when the K-Sommerfeld value is close to 45 with an oxidant flame, on the contrary, when superoxidant flames are used K values are close 52, which improve wear resistance.


Social behaviour is a wide research area, it has been used in so many applications and researches to help get a better understanding of human behaviour and their habits and use this information to improve the qualities of human's life and provide a better, safer and easier life for the whole world. This aspect of science along with location tracing has been subject of wide variety of researches, including learning people's routine and also detecting all kind of anomalous or irregular behaviours, for both societies and individuals. In this paper we try to use the advances in three area of social behaviour, location tracking and data mining to detect anomalies in public areas. Regarding the privacy problem of already existing technique of tracking, we investigated the tracking techniques which can be privacy preserving and also suitable for group tracking. Moreover we studied some of data mining technique and used data mining classification method to detect anomalies in public areas. We defined two case of anomaly for a metro station and our model is capable of detecting these anomalies with high accuracy.


A newborn male was transferred for severe cyanosis and suspected transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect (VSD). An emergency balloon septostomy was performed. The position and commitment of VSD and great arteries were more precisely defined by echocardiography. There was double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) with doubly committed VSD, l-malposition of the great arteries, and pulmonary stenosis. The infundibular septum was virtually absent. A modified Blalock–Taussig shunt was inserted before a Rastelli-type corrective surgery was performed at 20 months of age. The VSD was closed, the pulmonary trunk was transsected, …


BACKGROUND
 Research efforts to develop strategies to effectively identify patients and to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases is essential for the future of the health system. Most research studies have used only coded parts of electronic health records (EHRs) for case-detection, obtaining missed data cases and reducing study quality. Incorporating information from free-text into case-detection through Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques improves research quality. SAVANA was born as an innovating data-driven system based on NLP and big data techniques designed to retrieve prominent biomedical information from narratives clinic notes and to maximize the huge amount of information contained in Spanish EHRs.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of this work if to assess the performance of SAVANA when identifying concepts within the cardiovascular domain in Spanish EHRs.

 METHODS
 SAVANA is a platform for acceleration of clinical research, based on real-time dynamic exploitation of all the information contained in EHRs corpora that uses its own technology (EHRead) to allow unstructured information contained in EHRs to be analysed and expressed by means of medical concepts that contain the most significant information in the text.

 RESULTS
 The evaluation corpus consisted of a stratified random sample of patients from 3 Spanish sites. For site 01, the corpus contained a total of 280 mentions of cardiovascular clinical entities, where 249 were correctly identified, obtaining a P=0.93. In site 02, SAVANA correctly detected 53 mentions of cardiovascular entities among 57 annotations, achieving a P=0.98; and in site 03, among 165 manual annotations, 75 were correctly identified, yielding a P= 0.99.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This research clearly demonstrates the ability of SAVANA at identifying mentions of atherosclerotic/cardiovascular clinical phenotype in Spanish EHRs, as well as retrieving patients and records related to this pathology.


Aiming for the various type hydropower stations,artificial neural network with Genetic Algorithm have been adopted to establish the energy characteristic model of the hydropower station.In this paper,the polynomial method is adopted uniformly to calculate sectional head loss of water diversion pipeline for each water turbine generating set respectively.For the relationship of the downstream water level and the flow,besides the application of the polynomial calculation method,for the special case,the logic condition input mode is introduced to be programmed and the system for general optimization of hydropower station is also designed having been in trial operation for some hydropower stations which show the good adaptability in processing the parameters,head loss and downstream water level and so on.


Infrared spectra of NO and NO. adsorbed on asbestos mineral chrysotile exhibit strong peaks at 1380 and 1630 cm=' assignable to nitrate as well as nitro and nitrito species sugges-ting that such species are formed by the oxidation of NO and NO. by surface oxygen. Thermal desorption spectra of adsorbed species support the suggestion that surface nitrate complexes may be formed in the initial stages of adsorption.


An isolated medium frequency zero voltage zero current switching (ZVZCS) DC/DC converter for HVDC transmission system is proposed. Soft switching is achieved over the entire load range, via resonance between transformer leakage inductance and capacitance across primary switches. Since transformer leakage inductance is utilized in the resonant circuit, its design procedure is elaborated as well. Finite element simulation aided iterative design ensures transformer has leakage inductance close enough to desired value. Controller design is completed and the closed-loop system is simulated in PLECS®. Converters series connected at the output are also simulated to show scalability.


This chapter introduces the methods applied to obtain the results presented in this dissertation. It introduces the energy efficiency η of the hydrogen peroxide production process in a discharge as primary comparison parameter for fundamentally different discharges. Four different plasma sources are presented and described in detail: a RF atmospheric pressure glow discharge reactor, two kHz dielectric barrier discharge reactors and a dielectric barrier microplasma reactor. The electrical characteristics of the sources including the energy efficiency and the discharge power are discussed and differences in methodology between the different setups are explained. Various approaches for determination of discharge gas temperature are described. The detection of H2O2 using a colorimetric method is discussed and possible alternatives as well as both the advantages as well as possible shortcomings of the used method are presented. Finally, the determination of OH radical densities using Laser Induced Fluorescence is presented.


Direct bonding of gallium arsenide on silicon is studied. The technology is expected to enable the easy integration of gallium arsenide optoelectronic devices with silicon very-large-scale integrated circuits. The interface quality of n-GaAs/p-Si can be improved with a thermal annealing process. It is examined by the current-voltage characteristics of the n-GaAs/p-Si diode. The bonding strength was found to be sufficiently high and could "high enough to" withstand the subsequent grinding and polishing procedures of the bonded wafers.


XPS spectra were obtained from a Nafion (perfluorosulfonate ionomer) membrane over a period of 15 h in order to measure the effects of x-ray beam exposure on the Nafion surface. This polymer has an aliphatic fluorocarbon backbone, fluoroalkoxy side chains, and sulfonic acid endgroups. Under the conditions used, 10% each of the S 2p, perfluoroether O 1s, and F 1s intensities are lost in 23, 98, and 656 min, respectively. The data also show the sulfonate O 1s loses intensity faster than the perfluoroether O 1s. This suggests that the perfluorosulfonate side chain, particularly the sulfonate endgroup, is susceptible to x-ray damage. In contrast, the perfluoroalkyl backbone of the Nafion is relatively immune from volatilization, although some bond-breaking and rearrangement may be occurring.


According to the problem of the Chinese's enterprise's poor bargaining power of CERs under CDM mechanism, we used the game theory to analyze the reason why the Chinese enterprise's bargain power is so weak and why they stay on the low level of the value chain. The game model first compared the market share and the CERs deal price in the individual negotiation condition with and without the CERs trading. And then discussed the CERs deal price in the alliance condition. The result shows that the alliance of the Chinese enterprises will enhance their bargain power in the CDM mechanism and supports the necessity of establishing carbon exchange mechanism in China.


The present invention relates to γ-rays emitted from the self-absorption of a complex medium under conditions correction method, comprising the steps of: detecting the energy efficiency and various parameter measurements γ-rays of different energies; the measured count rate in terms of the energy parameter of each survival degree of activity as the initial value; wherein each of the γ-rays to obtain an initial activity as compared with the branching ratio of the maximum initial activity of γ-rays corresponding to obtain a set of conditions tested in this ratio Smi (Tm, Ei) ; obtained using the ratio of the γ-rays from each characteristic absorption factor; each feature according to the self-absorption of the γ-ray derived factor γ-rays corresponding to each feature fim radioisotope activity; the fim in terms of the quality of radioisotopes. And the method of the present invention, when the density of the medium, the thickness and composition are variable parameters, and due to environmental conditions, the transmission source can not be applied using the case of transmission measurement embodiment correction, which is the measured object from the self-absorption of emitted γ-rays correction.


In this paper, we study a class of discrete competition model, Us the homogeneous coordinates of projective geometry to establish the linear zed equations for the systems, present a sufficient and necessary conditions for this systems having periodic solutions with periodic. And us the result, we proof that there are not periodic solutions with two period for the systems; establish the generality equations having periodic solutions with period with three.


Aims The aim of this study was to compare the design of the generic OptiStem XTR femoral stem with the established Exeter femoral stem. Materials and Methods We obtained five boxed, as manufactured, implants of both designs at random (ten in total). Two examiners were blinded to the implant design and independently measured the mass, volume, trunnion surface topography, trunnion roughness, trunnion cone angle, Caput‐Collum‐Diaphyseal (CCD) angle, femoral offset, stem length, neck length, and the width and roughness of the polished stem shaft using peer‐reviewed methods. We then compared the stems using these parameters. Results We found that the OptiStems were lighter (p < 0.001), had a rougher trunnion surface (p < 0.001) with a greater spacing and depth of the machined threads (p < 0.001), had greater trunnion cone angles (p = 0.007), and a smaller radius at the top of the trunnion (p = 0.007). There was no difference in stem volume (p = 0.643), CCD angle (p = 0.788), offset (p = 0.993), neck length (p = 0.344), stem length (p = 0.808), shaft width (p = 0.058 to 0.720) or roughness of the polished surface (p = 0.536). Conclusion This preliminary investigation found that whilst there were similarities between the two designs, the generic OptiStem is different to the branded Exeter design.


The distribution and utilization of solar energy resources in Xinjiang are investigated and analyzed in detail.Based on discussing the main question about the exploitation and utilization of solar energy resources,the proposal and some measures are put forward to improve solar energy's exploitation and utilization in Xinjiang.


The study investigated 17 suicidal girls attending Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) sessions as a complementary therapy. In particular, the study focused on three main issues. First, whether the ...


Cutler, C. G., Reeh, K. W., Sproule, J. M. and Ramanaidu, K. 2012. Berry unexpected: Nocturnal pollination of lowbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 707–711. Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, is an economically important crop of eastern North America that is critically dependent on insect-mediated cross-pollination for successful fruit set and high yields. It is generally assumed that bees are responsible for the vast majority of lowbush blueberry pollination, and producers usually augment the natural pollination force with managed bees. Little is known, however, of the potential role of nocturnal pollinators in lowbush blueberry production. We conducted a field experiment where patches of blooming blueberry were exposed to flying insects 24 h a day, only during the day (sunrise to sunset), only at night (sunset to sunrise), or 0 h a day. We found that significant fruit set occurred on blueberry stems that were exposed only at night, although it was higher on stems exposed during the day or 2...


O'-Methylguanine was measured by a competitive repair assay in blood leukocyte DNA of seven patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during therapeutic exposure to procarbazine involving three daily p.o. doses (50 mg each) for 10 days (corresponding to 2.1 mg/kg/ day for a 70-kg human). Adduci accumulation was observed in all seven cases, reaching levels up to 0.28 fmol/fig of DNA (0.45 ¿imol/mol of guanine). In one individual, maximal levels of adduct were reached after 7 days of exposure, followed by a steady decline, whereas in all other individuals continuous accumulation was observed throughout the expo sure period. In four individuals for which data were available for Day 11 (12 to 16 h after the final intake of procarbazine), decreased amounts of 06-methylguanine were observed relative to the last previous measure ments. The accumulation of 06-methylguanine was linearly correlated (/' < 0.01) with the cumulative dose of procarbazine, with a slope of 0.011 fmol of 06-methylguanine/fig of DNA per mg/kg of body weight or 2.68 x 10"" fmol of 0" methylguanine DNA per mg/m2. (Two h after the administration of single p.o. doses of 1 to 10 mg/kg of procarbazine to rats, O'-methylguanine formation in leukocyte DNA was just under half that in liver DNA and showed a linear relationship with dose with a slope of 0.017 fmol/Ã-Ã-g of DNA per mg/kg of body weight or 5.67 x 10"" fmol of 06-methylguanine/#<g of DNA per mg/m2. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) between the rate of accumulation of 06-methylguanine in different individuals and lymphocyte O'-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ACT) was observed, demonstrating a probable protective effect of ACT against the accumulation of 06-methylguanine during exposure to methylating agents. This observation supports the suggestion of a possible role of procarbazine-induced O'-methylguanine in the pathogenesis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia appearing after treatment with chemotherapeutic protocols which include procarbazine, based on the finding of low lymphocyte ACT levels in patients with such therapy-related neoplastic disease (Sagher et al., Cancer Res., 48: 3084-3089, 1988). Lymphocyte ACT levels were mainly in the range of 5 to 10 fmol/MKof DNA and showed no consistent variation during procarbazine exposure.


The resorcinarene host H=14,16,54,56-tetrahydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetrapentyl-34,36,74,76-tetra(p-toluenesulfonyloxy)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane was found to form inclusion compounds with seven pentanol isomers, namely 1-pentanol (H·2(1PENT)), 2-pentanol (H·2(2PENT)), 3-pentanol (H·2(3PENT)), 2-methyl-1-butanol (H·2(2M1B)), 3-methyl-1-butanol (H·2(3M1B)), 2-methyl-2-butanol (H·2(2M2B)) and 3-methyl-2-butanol (H·2(3M2B)). These compounds were characterized by thermal analysis, which showed that they all have host-guest (H:G) ratios of 1:2, and their structures were elucidated and compared. Competition experiments were carried out to investigate the selectivity of this host for some of the pentanol guests and thereby investigate the capability of this host for the separation of pentanol isomers.


The genetic relationship between Kava and Piper nigrum has been studied by the AFLP molecular markers.31 test materials were used in the paper,including 6 Kava genotypes,23 cultivated and wild peppers,1 Peperomia pellucida kunth and 1 tobacco.Based on the fluorescence-labeled AFLP,the 31 germplasms were devided into 5 different groups at 0.52 of the genetic similarity coefficient.The result showed that the genetic distance between Kava and other Piper germplasms was far,and the fluorescence-labeled AFLP was applicable to the identification and DNA fingerprint construction of Kava.


*We would like to thank Sarah Cliffe for suggesting the analysis of UN military peacekeeping expenditures and for arranging access to the data, and Meron Destra and Alice Kuegler for transforming them into a manageable form. We would like to thank participants at seminars at the Peace Research Institute, Oslo, and at the OECD for comments on previous drafts. Abstract Post-conflict societies face two distinctive challenges: economic recovery and risk reduction. Aid and policy reforms have been found to be highly effective in the economic recovery. In this paper we concentrate on the other challenge, risk reduction. The post-conflict peace is typically fragile: around half of all civil wars are due to post-conflict relapses. Both external actors and the post-conflict government must therefore give priority to reducing the risk of conflict. Our statistical results suggest that economic development does substantially reduce risks, but it takes a long time. We also find evidence that UN peacekeeping expenditures significantly reduce the risk of renewed war. The effect is large: doubling expenditure reduces the risk from 40% to 31%. In contrast to these results we cannot find any systematic influence of elections on the reduction of war risk. Therefore, post-conflict elections should be promoted as intrinsically desirable rather than as mechanisms for increasing the durability of the post-conflict peace. Based on these results we suggest that peace appears to depend upon an external military presence sustaining a gradual economic recovery, with political design playing a somewhat subsidiary role. Since there is a simple and statistically strong relationship between the severity of post-conflict risks and the level of income at the end of the conflict this provides a clear and uncontroversial principle for resource allocation: resources per capita should be approximately inversely proportional to the level of income in the post-conflict country.


In water containing β-cyclodextrin, guest compoun ds 2-naphthylalkanols exhibit, in addition to monomer emission, excimer emission whose emission λmax shifts to the shorter wavelength with increasing branching in the hydroxyalkyl group of the guest molecule, i. e., 400 nm (2-naphthylmethanol), 385 nm (1-(2-naphthyl) ethanol), and 365 nm (2-(2-naphthyl)2-propanol). The depencence of monomer and excimer emission intensities on β-cyclodextrin concentration revealed the initial formation of 1: 1 inclusion compounds and subsequent dimerization to 2: 2 inclusion compounds, the latter leading to formation of excimers upon excitation. The increased steric crowding in the β-cyclodextrin cavity of the 2: 2 inclusion compound appears to prevent entrapped grest molecules from attaining stable sandwich-type excimer configuration, resulting in the observed shift of excimer emissionλmax


This report summarizes the topics to be covered in a discussion which will address the need for marketing information systems in today's electric utility industry, the essential components of such systems, and the limitations of these systems in improving customer service. These topics will be addressed as they relate to demand-size management programs. This report is based upon the results of an industry survey, and the experiences of utilities.


Objective
To investigate the effect of micro RNA (miR)-122 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its mechanism in mice.

Methods
Thirty-six male C57BL mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, a miR-122 mimics group and a miR-122 inhibitor group (n=9). The miR-122 NCs, inhibitor fragments and overexpression fragments were injected into the lateral ventricles of mice from the later 3 groups; 10 min after that, middle cerebral artery I/R injury models were induced by reforming Longa method. Twenty-four h after model making, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the miR-122 and insulin like growth factor 1-receptor (IGF-1R) mRNA expressions; cell apoptosis in the peripheral region of cerebral infarction was detected by immunofluorescent staining; the volumes of cerebral infarction and brain edema were measured by TTC staining; and IGF-1R protein expression was detected by Western blotting.

Results
As compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had significantly increased miR-122 expression and significantly increased brain infarction volume and edema volume (P<0.05). As compared with the model group, miR-122 mimics group had significantly increased miR-122 expression and significantly increased brain infarction volume and edema volume (P<0.05), while miR-122 inhibitor group had statically decreased miR-122 expression and significantly decreased brain infarction volume and edema volume (P<0.05). The number of apoptosis of peripheral cells in the cortical infarction area of mice in the sham-operated group, model group and miR-122 mimic group became lager successively, while the number of apoptosis of peripheral cells in the cortical infarction area of mice in the miR-122 inhibitor group was smaller than that in the model group. The IGF-1R mRNA and protein expressions in the cortical infracted peripheral zone of model group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the sham-operated group (P<0.05); the IGF-1R mRNA and protein expressions in the miR-122 mimics group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the model group (P<0.05), while those in the miR-122 inhibitor group were significantly increased as compared with those in the model group (P<0.05).

Conclusion
MiR-122 may be involved in the regulation of cerebral I/R for brain injury by inhibition of IGF-1R pathway.

Key words:
Micro RNA-122; Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor


Expert finding is traditionally related to a subject of research in information retrieval and, often, is taken to mean "expertise retrieval within a specific organization". The task involves finding an expert in an expertise topic. Even though there are interesting proposals in the literature, they do not consider the context in which a given expertise is bound. This Ph.D. thesis introduces the concept of a framework that chronologically contextualizes search results in expert finding. Our motivation is to provide more accurate results of search processes related to finding experts in a given topic, contextualizing the expertise on professional/academic activities, an open research topic. In this paper, we present the main concepts of the framework we are developing and a general overview of its operation. At the moment, we are using the Lattes platform as a data source, for which we developed a process to extract expertise evidence, supported by the Crossref database.


The composition of the organic matter collected on legs 10 to 15 of the DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) is described. Distributions of various alkanes, carboxylic acids, steroids and terpenoids, isoprenoid ketones and olefins, and aromatic polycyclic compounds are given. Samples analyzed had terrigenous clay components, with variable organic carbon contents and thus diverse solvent soluble matter. The distribution patterns for the various compound series monitored were of marine derivation, with the terrigenous components superimposed. Diagenesis of steroids appeared to proceed via both stanones and stanols to their respective steranes. Degradative processes were observed to be operative: oxidative products, mainly ketones derived from steroids and phytol, were identified, probably due to microbial alteration prior to or during sedimentation. Loss of alkane and fatty acid C preferences and presence of polycyclic aromatics evinced maturation. Results indicate that the accumulation, degradation, diagenesis and maturation of organic matter occurs in various steps in the deep sea environment.


Motivated by tracking a manoeuvring target in electronic counter environments, the authors present the problem of joint estimation and identification of a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with unknown inputs in both the plant and sensors. Based on the expectation-maximum criterion, the joint optimisation scheme of state estimation, parameter identification and iteration terminate decision were derived. A numerical example of tracking a manoeuvring target accompanied range gate pull-off is utilised to verify the proposed scheme.


In this paper, we continue the investigation initiated in [S] into the problem of representing an ordered set as the intersection of a family of linear extensions where restrictions are placed on the methods by which the linear extensions can be constructed. Our primary purpose is to introduce a dimension theoretic parameter and to develop a number of inequalities relating this parameter to other more familiar parameters of ordered sets. To understand our results requires some familiarity with the basic combinatorial properties of ordered sets, especially those involving the concept of dimension. The experienced reader should proceed immediately to the next section. The remainder of this section is for the benefit of those who are relatively new to this subject. Throughout this paper, we consider finite (partially) ordered sets. When P is an ordered set, and x and y are distinct points in P, we write x I y in P when x and y are comparable, that is, either x > y in P or y > x in P. We say x covers y and write x: > y (also y < : x) in P if x > y in P and there is no point z so that x > z and z > y in P. When x and y are incomparable, we write xII y in P. A chain in an ordered set P is a subset C with x I y in P for every distinct pair x, y E C. An antichain is a subset A with xlly in P for every distinct pair x, y E A. A chain (antichain) is maximal if no other chain (antichain) contains it as a proper subset. When Q c P, an element x E Q is called a minimal (maximal) element of Q when there is no point y E Q satisfying y < x ( y > x) in Q. For a subset Q c P, we let min(Q) (max(Q)) denote the set of minimal (maximal) elements of Q. The width of an ordered set P, denoted width (P), is the maximum number of points in an antichain of P. A well-known theorem of R. P. Dilworth asserts that if width ( P ) = t, then there exists a partition P = C , u C , u ... u C , , where each Ci is a chain.


After they are domesticated for four weeks,measured the mass,body fat and basal metabolic rate(BMR) in the tree sparrows and control group.The results is that the decrease of live pressure could reduce the contents of body fat and BMR remarkably,viability consumption also decreases with it,this is the results of energy budgeting the living environment.The decrease of viability consumption insures to increase reproduce consuming during propagant period,and it is the basis of reproducing successfully.


Considerable evidence suggests that s-adrenoceptors are subject to regulation by sex steroid hormones. It was reported that estrogen replacement potentiated the vascular responses mediated by s-adrenoceptor activation by an endothelium-independent mechanism. s-Adrenoceptor is present on both vascular smooth-muscle and endothelial cells. However, no experiment has examined the effect of acute exposure to physiological concentrations of estrogen on s-adrenoceptor–mediated vasorelaxation in mammalian arteries. The major observation in this study is that the relaxant response to s2-adrenoceptor activation with fenoterol was significantly enhanced by short-term incubation (1 hr) with 0.3 nM 17s-estradiol in the isolated porcine coronary circumflex arteries. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with 10-μM tamoxifen. Preincubation with 17s-estradiol (0.3 nM) reduced the relaxant response to dobutamine, a s1-adrenoceptor agonist. The concentration of 0.3 nM falls into the reported circulating level of estrogen ranging between 0.1 and 1 nM in the body. Low concentrations of estrogen appeared to slightly enhance the relaxation induced by isoproterenol, a non-selective s- (s1 and s2) adrenoceptor agonist, following 1-hr incubation. Physiological level of estrogen did not influence the relaxation induced by IBMX, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. In contrast, 20-min exposure to 17s-estradiol (0.1–1 nM) was without effect on s1- or s2-adrenoceptor-mediated vascular responses. Our data indicate that acute exposure to physiological concentration of estrogen has differential effect on s-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary arteries, increasing s2-adrenergic response but decreasing s1-adrenergic response. It would therefore be not surprising to observe a marginal effect of estrogen on relaxation induced by isoproterenol, an agonist that activates both s1 and s2-adrenoceptors in blood vessels. (supported by UPGC Direct Grant)


Buried hills in Dongpu sag consist of many oil bearing strata, which distribute in the Archaeozic, Lower Palaeozoic, Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. There are two sets of source rock in the Palaeogene and the Upper Palaeozoic. According to the different ways of hydrocarbon supplying, formation models of beried hill type pools can be divided into four types: accumulated in the Palaeozoic with a Cenozoic origin, generated and accumulated in the Palaeozoic, accumulated in the Palaeozoic with a multisource origin, and accumulated in the Mesonic with a multisource origin. Buried hills can be found in a large scope, and better oil and gas shows have been acquired in all kinds of burried hills through many years exploration in the past, which shows a good prospect in explorating buried hill type pools in Dongpu sag. However, up to now any great discovery has not been achieved. The authors hold that the reason why so far the buried hill reservoirs have not been discovered is that there is no a complete set of drilling engineering technologies, except for geological conditions.


Neutron Compton profiles were measured of atomic momentum distributions in solid hexafluoroethane (C2F6) at saturated vapor pressure from 20 to 170 K, and of the liquid phase at 180 K. There are conflicting reports in the literature, from different kinds of measurements, about the nature and extent of solid phases of C2F6. Present neutron diffraction and thermal analysis shows that there is a clear crystallographic transformation near 103 K from a higher-temperature body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase which has considerable orientational disorder to a lower-temperature phase of different symmetry, which has relatively little disorder. The C and F atomic momentum profiles are found to have only small dependencies upon temperature and upon condensed phase. They are analyzed in terms of a dominant contribution from intramolecular vibrations plus contributions from translational and rotational motions of molecules. The nature of rotational contributions is of special interest, because of questions about the exten...


In any story of American medicine, the place of Morris Fishbein is secure. From 1913 to 1949 he played an important part in the American Medical Association—for the first ten years he served as assistant editor ofThe Journal, and after that, as editor. He demonstrated himself a man of great ability and stupendous energy, a vigorous and effective editor, a prolific writer, an outstanding raconteur and speaker, a person of strong opinions forcibly expressed in both speeches and writings, a crusader against quackery. Indeed, so manifold were his activities and at the same time so widely dispersed, that for 25 years he probably contributed more than any other single person to shaping the popular image of organized medicine in America. When prominent people write autobiographies, two advantages may accrue. The first is a personal dimension: a man's own story will indicate what manner of man he is. The second


IL-33 is a type of cytokine and a new member of the IL-1 family labeled as an alarmin, which is released under stressful settings. IL-33 is a biomechanically induced protein and is mainly produced by cardiac fibroblasts and is expressed by various cell types after pro-inflammatory stimulation. Although the physiological role of IL-33 as a nuclear factor is not fully understood, it seems to be involved in transcriptional suppression via binding to nucleosomes and regulating the density of chromatins. It can play different roles, from progression to protection against a disease, depending on the type of the disease. Its signaling happens by means of the sST2 receptor. sST2 is a mechanically induced protein of the cardiac muscle. The IL-33/ST2 axis plays an important role in various illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases and can be a potential target for disease treatment. This review provides an overview of different aspects of IL-33 and its related receptor, sST2 along with the role of IL-33/sST2 axis in different cardiovascular diseases.


Background/Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a common comorbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Bearing in mind that obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis, physical therapy and balneotherapy containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has a positive effect on the functional and metabolic status of these patients. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of sulphate-sulphide-rich mineral baths containing H2S on the level of serum glucose in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: An open prospective randomised clinical trial included patients suffering from stage I and II of the knee osteoarthritis. Patients were divided into two groups of 40 subjects each: control group and experimental group. All subjects underwent inpatient physical treatment consisting of kinesitherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 6 days a week. Patients from experimental group, in addition to all the mentioned treatments, also took sulphate-sulphide mineral water baths once a day for 30 minutes for 7 days, unlike the patients from control group who took tap water baths, according to the same schedule. The level of serum glucose was monitored in all patients on admission, after discharge and 6 months after the treatment. The Student t-test was used for statistical data processing and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Study included 80 patients of both sexes, with an average age of 67.00 ± 5.75 years. All patients had elevated serum glucose values on admission. The initial levels of glycaemia in the control and experimental groups were not significantly different (6.99 ± 1.95 and 7.88 ± 1.90 mmol/L, respectively). At discharge, patients who performed balneotherapy had a statistically significant decrease in serum glucose values compared to patients from the control group (by 1.84 vs 0.26 mmol/L, p < 0.001). This effect did not persist six months after the end of the treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The application of balneotherapy with sulphate-sulphide mineral baths containing H2S as a potent gas transmitter significantly reduces serum glucose levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis.


We analyze the asymptotic variance of distributed consensus algorithms over large-scale switching random networks. Our analysis is focused on consensus algorithms over large, i.i.d., and directed Erdős-Rényi random graphs. We assume that every agent can communicate with any other agent with some fixed probability c/n, where c is the expected number of neighbors of each agent and n is the size of the network. We compute the variance of the random consensus value and show that it converges to zero at rate 1/n as the number of agents grows. We provide numerical simulations that illustrate our results.


This paper introduced a method to analyze diesel oil in water by gas chromatography.The diesel oil is drawn from water by extract appearance,delivered to GC measuring system by entering device.Then the authors analyzed diesel oil in water by the gas chromatography.Measured diesel oil contrast product in the same instrument,through the chromatograph peak shape and the retention time determined whether included the same diesel oil component in water.This method is found to be fast,sensitive,accurate,convenient and able to avoid inorganic substance and the part organic provide a basis.This analysis can be used as an efficient tool or trace analysis of diesel oil in water.


One of the elements of designing complex technical systems is the problem of their various aspects of designing and modelling. In the field of design, the issues of both system design and material design should be considered which aspects would fit the given function of the given system. Each complex mechatronic system is defined as a combination of three component subsystems, namely a mechanical system, a control system and software. In this context, it is important to create a mechatronic function of such a complex technical means using tools that allow it to be modelled. In the article is presented a method of integrative approach as well as its formalization in the form of integration of different construction characteristics that should be optimized. The paper includes the example of its application for developing the construction of this support. The support is a special design of a mining machine intended to support the roof over that area of hard coal mining. In the paper is also described the results of the characteristics analysis and changings that were introduced afterwards. The support models are prepared in the computer environment of the CAD class. Also the analyses were conducted in this design, graphical environment.


Classroom teaching of socialist core values for university and college students is affected by subjective and objective factors such as teacher-student interaction,classroom environment and teachers' charismata.This essay gives relevant teaching suggestions like managing the factors affecting classroom teaching,integrating the teaching resources to optimize the teaching system,combing teachers' dominance with students' subjectivity and implementing all-round education.


Since the popularization of the Internet in the 1990s, cyberspace has kept evolving. In addition to social networks, video conferencing, virtual 3D worlds (like VR Chat), augmented reality software (like Pokemon Go), and non-fungible token games, we have also developed other computer-mediated virtual environments (e.g., Upland). Such virtual environments, albeit non-perpetual and unconnected, have brought us various degrees of digital transformation. The term `Metaverse' has been coined to further facilitate digital transformation in every aspect of our physical lives. At the core of the metaverse stands the vision of an immersive Internet as a gigantic, unified, persistent and shared realm. While the metaverse may seem futuristic, catalyzed by emerging technologies such as Extended Reality, 5G and Artificial Intelligence, the digital `big bang' of our cyberspace is not far away. Technologies are the enablers that drive the transition from the current Internet to the metaverse. Enabling technologies that drive this transition rigorously are Extended Reality, User Interactivity (Human-Computer Interaction), Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computer Vision, IoT and Robotics, Edge and Cloud computing and Future Mobile Networks. In terms of applications, the metaverse ecosystem allows human users to live and play within a self-sustaining, persistent, and shared realm. User-centric factors are Avatar, Content Creation, Virtual Economy, Social Acceptability, Security and Privacy and Trust and Accountability.


Object re-identification (re-ID) is one of the core technologies in Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) that requires real-time decision-making. A Neural Processing Unit (NPU) is a low-power device that is dedicated to deploying neural network-based algorithms and has become one of the most important devices in today's mobile onboard systems. However, the current mainstream re-ID methods rarely consider the NPU characteristics, which makes it difficult for these methods to achieve both high onboard frame rates and high accuracies on an NPU. To address this problem, this paper focuses on designing a re-ID algorithm suitable for NPU deployment. The model of the object re-ID can be divided into two parts: the encoder (backbone) and the decoder. In this article, a Mobile-efficient Pure Part Model (MPPM) is presented for re-ID task. First, for the backbone of re-ID, we propose an efficient structure GogglesNet, which is composed of traditional convolutions. GogglesNet performs well on the re-ID task and can be comparable to lightweight networks on ImageNet with regard to accuracy and is faster on NPU. We then revisit the architectures of Pure Part Model (PPM) in person re-ID, including PCB and MGN, and propose a mobile-efficient decoder Dual Pattern Network (DPN) for re-ID. The proposed MPPM achieves comparable performance with MGN on five re-ID datasets Market-1501, DukeMTMC-reID, MSMT17, VeRi-776, and VehicleID, while the proposed parameter amount is only 10.2% of it, and the speed on NPU is more than eight times higher.


In this paper, we have designed a novel lens for LED's package that can expend the radiation angle of LED from 120° to 170° successfully. At the same brightness and uniformity condition of 37" LED BLU system, using novel lens LED package can be reduced amounts of LED 40% or thickness of BLU 30% respectively. Besides, the power consumption of BLU also can be reduced 25%


It is a known fact that large enterprizes (LEs) across the world have adopted Enterprize Resource Planning (ERP) systems to meet the challenges of a dynamic market scenario. Small and Medium Enterprizes (SMEs) are not insulated from the effects of globalization and are also adopting ERP systems to help them cope with the rapid changes. In the last few years, there has been a surge in ERP adoption by SMEs. In the past, researchers have tried to understand the reasons for ERP adoption amongst SMEs the world over. Literature points to the fact that SMEs adopt an ERP system driven by external influence and not internal need. They seldom think through their decision with care. In this paper, the author has made an attempt to understand the reasons for ERP adoption amongst Indian SMEs via an empirical study.


Predicting human gaze is important for efficiently processing and understanding numerous incoming visual information from first-person videos (FPVs). Even though people continuously gaze in noisy environments, most existing gaze prediction algorithms are based on saliency mapping, which is sensitive to noisy surroundings in the real world. Sparsity-based saliency detection algorithms perform favorably against state-of-the-art methods. In this paper, we apply a novel saliency detection method based on sparse coding with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm for predicting human gaze in FPVs. Image boundaries are first extracted via superpixels as bases for a dictionary, from which a sparse representation model is constructed. For each superpixel, we first compute sparse reconstruction errors. Then, a saliency map is updated based on the reconstruction errors. To receive the sparse reconstruction errors, the most widely utilized sparse constraint is the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm. However, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm leads to over-penalization of large components in a sparse vector. We employ the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm for sparse coding, which can lead to a sparser solution for a more accurate gaze prediction than the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm. We transform the complex nonconvex optimization of sparse coding with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm to a number of one-dimensional minimization problems. In this way, we obtain the closed-form solutions efficiently. The experimental results using a real-world gaze dataset demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than the state-of-the-art methods of gaze prediction for FPVs.


PSOC-1197 has been reduced with large quantities of potassium in ND/sub 3/ and quenched with ND/sub 4/Cl with the purpose of characterizing the sites of reactions. The deuterium NMR spectrum of the pyridine soluble product suggests cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds and some degree of disproportionation of hydroaromatic structures either native to the coal or formed in the reduction reactions. Results of alkylation and various other reactions of PSOC-1197 in a strongly basic medium suggest that the small degree of alkylation is largely responsible for the high extractability. Effects of various alkylation and reduction reactions on Texas lignite are also described. 17 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.


The first IVF of a mammalian oocyte, confirmed cytologically, was performed in a rabbit using spermatozoa that had capacitated in the uterus and recently ovulated oocytes [1]. Five years later, the birth of baby rabbits confirmed the biological normality of in vitro fertilisation. For practical reasons, but also to understand the mechanisms of capacitation, fertilisations were then attempted using spermatozoa that had capacitated in vitro. The first IVF under these conditions were achieved in rodents (hamsters, 1963; mice, 1968), then in man in 1978 [2], and much later in large domestic mammals: the first IVF calf was born in 1982 [3], then the first goats in 1985, lambs and piglets in 1986, and the first foal in 1990 [4]. Some time later, IVF was achieved using oocytes that had been matured in vitro in various species, with the first calf born under these conditions in 1986, the first piglet in 1988, and the first lamb in 1990 [4].


This paper presents an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based method to estimate the severity level of stator interturn short circuit fault in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). A mathematical model is firstly built for PMSMs to represent the machine dynamic with inter-turn faults (ISF). The voltage imbalance, inherent asymmetry, and ISF effects are all differentiated analytically by the model. To quantify the fault severity in the presence of unmeasurable fault parameters, the UKF is employed to estimate the nonlinear fault-related quantities in PMSMs, such as the short circuit current, the percentage of shorted turns, and fault loop resistance. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method have been validated by extensive simulations.


More particular types of completeness (e.g., deductive completeness) are also specified. The answer to the second question is suggested by the following. "The method of science" has "inherent limitations." "We can have neither total description nor ultimate and final understanding." (59) At present we do not know whether the universe is finite or infinite, but in either case there may be "an essential and apparently permanent incompleteness in cosmology." (147) Every scientific theory is limited to a certain "domain of nature, that is, with selected aspects of the universe," (237). Every theory is bound to a certain "set of assumptions." (238) "Today at least, much of what is closest and most important to man's interests is outside of science." (254) In particular, politics, literature, art and religion "still lie to a considerable degree outside of the circle of established scientific description and theory." (253) Let us consider each of these answers in turn.


Based on samples of current fine active sediments and its processing was made the baseline for mercury at the Department of Antioquia (Hg). The samples were analyzed with atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) with a detection limit of 2 μg kg-1. For space modeling, a grid of 100m x 100m was used, so 18,9 million grids of 10.000 m2 were estimated. The cartography was made applying the kriging lognormal geo statistical technique. The high Hg values (>182 μg kg-1) were found in the northeast of Antioquia and are related to gold and silver deposits, mainly with sub-volcanic (hypabyssal) rocks at Segovia-Remedios, Anori and the Lower Cauca, were values higher to 860 μg kg-1 were found. These values are higher than the maximum allowed limit of 150 μg kg-1, which points out the need for better environmental management. Other regions show smaller values. So, the map becomes a fundamental part of the planning and environmental management of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia.


This book analyses the patterns found in benthic communities and relates them to current ecological theory. The structural properties of communities considered cover patterns of individuals and species, niche theory, diversity and stability, the question of whether or not true communities exist, and the discussion of factors that control the structure of benthic communities. The effects of pollution are discussed in terms of how organisms adapt to it, and the functional organisation of communities is also considered. Students of marine biology at undergraduate and postgraduate level will find Professor Gray's book of great interest. Cambridge Studies in Modern Biology Dr Kooyman describes the behaviour patterns and analyses the physiology of the Weddell seal, an animal that holds a unique niche in the world's ecology by occupying the most southern latitude of any mammal on a permanent basis. Study of this remarkable animal, which can dive to 600 metres and remain submerged for more than one hour, has provided important insights into methods of animal navigation, respiration and metabolism, with applications to human diving physiology. £18.00 net by presenting original in the context of detailed of the existing of particular are intensive harmful of materials for building the aquarium in order to minimize corrosion and contamination of the water, and other practical aspects of fish husbandry.


Where welding or joining is a process in fabrication industries there is a main problem of Residual Stresses and Distortion. So FEA exploration on such a residual stresses are reviewed in this column which occurs after welding process in the metal sheet of Austenitic Stainless Steel. Distribution of residual stresses which are arises after welding is quite composite. This column also includes the scrutinization of residual stresses using X-ray diffraction technique. The method of Shielded Metal Arc Welding is also known as Manual Metal Arc Welding is studied and in this process stainless steel temperature field is gained.


This paper provides a different view for understanding prob- lems and faults with the goal of defining a method for the formal specification of systems. To accomplish this task we need to pass through a non trivial number of steps, concepts and tools where the first one, the most important, is the concept of method itself, since we realized that computer science has a proliferation of languages but very few methods. This work also proposes the idea of Layered Fault Tolerant Specification (LFTS) to make the method extensible to fault tolerant systems. The principle is layering the specification, for the sake of clarity, in (at least) two different levels, the first one for the normal behavior and the others (if more than one) for the abnormal. The abnormal behavior is described in terms of an Error Injector (EI) which represents a model of the erroneous interference coming from the environment. This structure has been inspired by the notion of idealized fault tolerant component but the combination of LFTS and EI using rely guarantee reasoning to describe their interaction can be considered one of the main contributions of this work. The progress toward this method and this way to organize fault tolerant specifications has been made experimenting on case studies presented in a dedicated section.


The double perovskite (Na0.25K0.45)(Ba1.00)3 (Bi1.00)4O12 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of NaBiO3, Ba(OH)2, and KOH (autoclave, 220 °C) and characterized by powder XRD, TEM, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements.


INDICATIONS AND USAGE LUVOX Tablets are indicated for the treatment of obsesses and compulsions in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), os defined io the DSM-III-R. Ttie obsessions or compulsions couse marked distress, ore timeconsuming, of signrfkonriy interlere with social or occupational functioning. The efficacy of LUVOX Tablets was established in two 1Oweek teals with obsessive compulsive outpatients wrrh the diagnosis ol Obsessive Compulsive Disorder os defined in DSM-III-R. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder G characterized by recurrent ond persGtent ideas, thoughts, impulses or images (obsessions) that ore egodystonic and/or repetitive, purposeful, ond intentional beboviors (compukiors) that ore recognized by the person os excessive or unreasonable. Tbe effectiveness of IUVOX TaWers for toig-term use, i.e., tot more than 10 weeks, has not been systematically evaluated n plocetxKontrolled lhals. Therefore, the pbysician who elects to use LUVOX Tablets for extended periods should periodically re-evoljate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. CONTRAINDICATIONS


Heart failure affects approximately 6.5 million adults in the United States, and the cost to healthcare system is tremendous [1].