Meteotsunamis are shallow-water waves that, despite often being small (~0.3 m), can cause damage, injuries, and fatalities due to relatively strong currents (>1 m s−1). Previous case studies, modeling, and localized climatologies have indicated that dangerous meteotsunamis can occur across northwest Europe. Using 71 tide gauges across northwest Europe between 2010 and 2017, a regional climatology was made to understand the typical sizes, times, and atmospheric systems that generate meteotsunamis. A total of 349 meteotsunamis (54.0 meteotsunamis per year) were identified with 0.27–0.40-m median wave heights. The largest waves (~1 m high) were measured in France and the Republic of Ireland. Most meteotsunamis were identified in winter (43%–59%), and the fewest identified meteotsunamis occurred in either spring or summer (0%–15%). There was a weak diurnal signal, with most meteotsunami identifications between 1200 and 1859 UTC (30%) and the fewest between 0000 and 0659 UTC (23%). Radar-derived precipitation was used to identify and classify the morphologies of mesoscale precipitating weather systems occurring within 6 h of each meteotsunami. Most mesoscale atmospheric systems were quasi-linear systems (46%) or open-cellular convection (33%), with some nonlinear clusters (17%) and a few isolated cells (4%). These systems occurred under westerly geostrophic flow, with Proudman resonance possible in 43 out of 45 selected meteotsunamis. Because most meteotsunamis occur on cold winter days, with precipitation, and in large tides, wintertime meteotsunamis may be missed by eyewitnesses, helping to explain why previous observationally based case studies of meteotsunamis are documented predominantly in summer.


National Crimes and Southern Horrors: Trans-Atlantic Conversations about Race, Empire and Civilization, 1880-1900 By Eric W. Weber Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________


The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of unmet medical need using data from the Korea Health Panel study from 2009 to 2013 (excluding 2010), and to analyze the trends of unmet medical need and related factors. The subjects of this study were 11,598 in 2009, 11,035 in 2011, 10,584 in 2012, 10,099 in 2013, and 7,144 people in panel data, and conducted frequency analysis, chi-square test and generalized estimating equation. As a result of the analysis by year, it was found that women, under middle school graduation, medical aid, the lowest household income and low subjective health status experienced more unmet medical need. As a result of analysis using generalized estimating equation, women, under 40 years of age, under elementary school graduation, lowest quartile household income, subjective health status of less than 20 points, and activity restrictions are more likely to experience unmet medical need. Based on these results, we intend to provide basic data for establishing policies on the use of medical services.


This study aims to describe or find out the implementation of an electronically integrated business licensing system (online single submission) in improving the quality of public services at the Southeast Minahasa One-Stop Investment and Services Agency. The research was located at the Investment and One Stop Service Office of Southeast Minahasa Regency as the research location. This study uses a qualitative approach to process the data obtained from the research location where the data is in the form of words, sentences, schemes or pictures. This research is a descriptive research, namely to find out or describe the reality of the events studied or research conducted on independent or single variables, without making comparisons or connecting with other variables. A total of 8 informants in this study were selected because they know the problems regarding the quality of public services. The data collected in this study is data that is in accordance with the research focus, namely verbal data which is information from related parties, which consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this research is by data reduction, data display, and data conclusion/verification. The results obtained from the aspect of tangible is quite good but there are inadequate facilities and infrastructure, the aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy are appropriate as they should be.


A rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis. It is the most frequent congenital testicular neoplasm and is usually diagnosed during the perinatal period. It usually presents as an asymptomatic scrotal or abdominal mass. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of cysts that are lined by cells resembling granulosa and theca cells.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparations of ranolazine. The ranolazine preparation of prolonged effect contains uniform mixture of ranolazine and partially neutralized pH-dependent binding substance for a film formation that is insoluble in an aqueous medium usually at pH below 4.5 but it is soluble in an aqueous medium at pH above 4.5. Preparation is useful for administration of ralonazine, 2 times per a day, and can be used for maintaining ranolazine levels in human blood plasma between its concentration 350 and 7 500 ng/ml. Invention provides the development of medicinal form of prolonged effect and maintenance the preparation concentrations for at least 24 h. EFFECT: valuable medicinal and pharmaceutical properties of preparation. 20 cl, 9 tbl


The continuous cooling transformation behavior of Ti-containing low-alloy ultra-high strength abrasion-resistant steel was studied by MMS-300,and its continuous cooling transformation diagram(CCT diagram) was also established.Then observed the microstructure of steel under different cooling rates,and discussed the effects of finishing rolling temperature and accumulate deformation on microstructure and properties on steel.The results showed that deformation not only accelerates eutectoid ferrite and pearlite transformation,but also reduces the incubation period and enlarges the phase transition zone,lower(800 ℃) or higher(950 ℃) start finishing rolling temperature plus larger accumulate deformation(50%) could refine the grain size,which were benefit to the strength and hardness on steel.


The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN near-UV light-emitting diodes with different threading dislocation densities (TDDs) was studied by using excitation power density and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy. The IQE was evaluated as functions of excitation density and temperature under band-to-band and selective excitation of the InGaN active layers. The IQE curves under weak excitation densities were analyzed with a rate equation model of radiative and nonradiative recombination of excitons, in which the exciton localization and the filling of nonradiative recombination centers (NRCs) were considered. Based on the analysis, we discussed the effects of filling NRCs on the IQE as functions of TDD and temperature and we clarified that the increase in the IQE at lower excitation densities was caused by filling NRCs. The analysis also indicated whether the maximum IQE value reached 100% at low temperatures.


We present a nanosecond, non-resonant optical parametric oscillator (NRO) based on a 20 mm long periodically-poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) crystal operating at 30-70 kHz. Pumping with a nanosecond Nd:YVO4 laser at 1064 nm in a double-pass configuration, the signal plus idler average output power reached 1.2 W for a pump level of 4 W (at 35 kHz repetition rate). Narrowband seeding with a Tm-fiber laser is employed to narrow the linewidths of the signal to 0.8 nm and the idler to 2 nm. Continuous-wave seed levels as low as 2 mW were sufficient to produce the effect which means that this technique could be useful for single-frequency operation using DFB seed laser diodes. At higher pump power levels > 4 W, the linewidth narrowing effect produced by the seeding was insufficient to prevent broader linewidth operation of the NRO signal and idler outputs. Pumping the NRO at higher repetition rates to scale the average output power of the NRO whilst remaining in the narrow linewidth operation mode is discussed.


Low-temperature drying is becoming recognized as an optimal type of hot drying technology for agricultural and sideline products. This study presents an experimental study on drying roses with a heat pump dehumidifier. The rose drying process took 40 hours across three drying stages, where the hot air temperatures were 45°C, 50°C and 55°C respectively. The dried roses were brightly colored and good quality, also, rose water was obtained during the drying process when the waste heat was recovered. The major components of the rose water were rose ether, nerol, citronellol, acetic acid, phenylethyl alcohol, methyleugenol, and so on, which are typical compounds of rose essential oil. The results show that a heat pump is one of best choices for drying rose flowers, and that rose water can also be effectively recovered during the drying process.


Following World War II, when I was a 21-year-old military intelligence lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserve, a critical friend asked me "Isn't 'military intelligence' an oxymoron?" A similar question, posed far more seriously, must be asked about the term military ethics. I applaud Lieutenant Colonel Roblyer's desire to enter into dialogue with social psychologists in a journal on peace psychology. I am glad he is concerned with international law and avoiding civilian casualties from bombing runs over military targets. And I agree that—under appropriate circumstances—innocent lives might be saved from following his three concluding recommendations. Unfortunately, I think that Roblyer's aim to make air warfare ethical in its choice of targets and less injurious to civilians is virtually impossible to achieve. The "appropriate circumstances" that make ethical choices possible are unlikely to occur predictably. Yes, one will kill fewer civilians if one bombs a weapons factory or artillery pieces in a school yard at nighttime than during the day, but such tactical decisions are so heavily outweighed by a multiplicity of contextual influences that they become minor considerations in the overall picture. Despite the injunctions of the Geneva Convention, bomber pilots and air force commanders operate in an environment that powerfully limits their ability to act morally. I will briefly discuss five contextual factors that minimize the ability of local commanders to make moral decisions during an air war: (a) the historical context of war; (b) the organizational context in which military decisions are made and later defended; (c) the weaponry and delivery context; (d) the current situation of combat, where local militias are often indistinguishable from and intermixed with noncombatants; and (e) the psychological context of war, in which enemies are pictured as evil or inhuman. Given these contexts that strongly affect how air war is waged, I believe that, no matter how personally sincere, no midlevel colonel or PEACE AND CONFLICT: JOURNAL OF PEACE PSYCHOLOGY, 11(1), 41–46 Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


In the past decade or so, Latin America has been characterized by two quite distinct groups of countries. On the one hand, countries such as Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay have expanded anchored on a market-friendly economic model, integrated to international capital markets. On the other hand, with varying degrees, countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela have adopted economic models with significant degrees of government intervention and widespread controls on trade and capital flows. Within the latter group, Argentina and Venezuela represented the most extreme version of the neo-populist paradigm.


A bumper (1) is molded into while nuts (4b) are inserted into a predetermined position where the attachment means (4a) are mounted, and is filled with urethane foam (5). The bumper (1) can effectively absorb an impact in the event of a collision so that the strength and stability of the body against impact increased by respectively.


This article,from the view of Economics,studies some problems which need badly solutions in talent-training in institutions of higher learning,such as,understanding deviation,structural shortage and contradiction between demand and supply,then,it puts forward its countermeasures.It is of realistic help for the stable development of institutions of higher learning to handle well the relationships among quantity and quality,resource and structure,supply and demand of talent-training.


16 species of Cyperaceae are recorded for the first time from the Valley of Mexico; 3 of these species are reported for the first time from Mexico. The names of other 9 species are also cited for the first time from the Valley of Mexico, but refer to plants previously known from the area with other names.


The national metrology institutes and their partners participating in EUROMET Project 463 developed finite element methods (FEM) for calculation of the pressure distortion coefficients, including their uncertainties, of pressure balances operated at pressures up to 1 GPa and applied them to a PTB 1 GPa piston–cylinder assembly. The methods use axisymmetric models developed and analysed on the basis of the experimental data including the elastic properties of the piston–cylinder materials, pressure-dependent density and viscosity of the pressure-transmitting fluid, dimensions of the piston and cylinder and the piston–cylinder clearance as well as the conditions at the piston–cylinder boundaries. Results such as pressure distributions and radial distortions along the piston–cylinder engagement length, pressure distortion coefficients and their uncertainties as well as piston fall rates dependent on pressure are presented for the free deformation (FD) and the controlled-clearance operating modes of the assembly. The theoretical results are verified by comparing them with the distortion coefficients determined by an experimental method and with the jacket pressure distortion coefficients. The participants' results demonstrate good agreement of the distortion coefficients up to 1 GPa but rather large differences in the uncertainties of the distortion coefficients as well as in the pressure distributions, gap profiles and piston fall rate at maximum pressure. The FEM distortion coefficients obtained for the real piston–cylinder gap profile are in good agreement with the coefficients determined by the experimental method; the FEM values obtained for the ideal gap agree well with the distortion coefficients furnished by the simplified theory. For the real gap model, the uncertainty of the gap geometry is the main uncertainty source. The total standard uncertainties of the controlled-clearance distortion coefficient obtained by different methods lie between (0.078 and 0.17) × 10−6 MPa−1 at 400 MPa and between (0.04 and 0.098) × 10−6 MPa−1 at 1 GPa.


The capacity and cycling performance of lithium ion batteries have been improved a lot.New kinds of batteries with higher capacity,lighter weight,smaller volume and lower cost are continually put into market.New electrode materials and electrolytes with high capacity,low cost,non-toxicity,and safety become the foucus.The historical and recent development of cathodes are reviewed in this paper.And we describe the influence of co-doping technology and method technology to cathode materials.


The invention discloses a long-acting broad-spectrum antibiotic polypropylene plastic, composed by components of following weight parts: polypropylene 100 parts, zinc pyrithione 0.5 to 5 parts, antioxidant 0.5 to 2 parts, dispersant 1 to 2 parts. The invention also discloses prepartion method of the long-acting broad-spectrum antibiotic polypropylene plastic. The beneficial effects of the invention are reflected in: excellent high temperature resistant performance, high efficiency broad-spectrum antibiotic, simple and convenient operation, low cost and good economic benefit.


The primary teacher's didactic administration for the address of the pedagogic process in the context of the continuous improvement being a problem that limits the professional acting. Is carried out an analysis it has more than enough theoretical elements that allow to evaluate the teacher's didactic administration like professional knowledge for the use of digital tools in the pedagogic process. The sample of the study it belonged to 38 teachers of the primary school "Clodomira Acosta" of the city of Santiago from Cuba. A qualitative study was applied through a pursuit to the work of a group of teachers to analyze the didactic administration. The results showed that the teachers have domain of the professional abilities to conceive, to plan and to direct the pedagogic process in the primary education, but lack of theoretical preparation is evidenced in the teachers to demonstrate the effectiveness of the didactic administration.


From Tang dynasty to Yuan dynasty in Gansu area,abnormal weather such as white rainbow through sun,thundering not in summer,anomaly wind,abnormal drought and flood,biological abnormality have closer relationships with earthquakes were analyzed.Based on the further research,it has drawn the conclusion that except meteorological anomaly,there were also astronomical anomalies,ground anomalies and water anomalies before and after earthquakes,moreover,there were not only one kind of anomalies,but multiple characteristics.Finally,it put forward that the principle of compound of evidence should be followed in mid-term earthquake prediction and short-medium term weather forecasting.


Dissidence occurs when an individual opposes and resists in some way an established social order. The opposition can address any kind of social values: political, religious, artistic. Societies may tolerate or repress dissidence. In this work, I want to raise the question of whether dissidence makes any evolutionary sense. In many animal social groups, it happens that individuals can be ostracized, and this practice may turn out to be adaptive for the species as it can be seen as a mechanism of diversification, which may become functional as a way to respond to environmental changes. In what follows, I will consider several reasons why it might be evolutionary and adaptive for humans that some individuals fail to conform to the group standards, focusing particularly on the benefits of social innovation.


Lectures covering a broad spectrum of current research in tropospheric chemistry with particular emphasis on the interaction of measurements, modeling, and understanding of fundamental processes are presented.


Although previous studies have primarily debated the advantages and drawbacks of exploitative and explorative innovations in the context of technology-based alliances or acquisitions, we focus on a context of non-mature environmental innovations measured by patented environmental innovations to propose that the exploitative choice leads to higher firm market-based performance, as measured by Tobin's Q. In addition, we propose that the availability of resource slack negatively influences the positive relation between exploitative innovation and market performance. We employ a longitudinal analysis of 5,845 environmental patents from the 75 largest companies in the Electrical Components & Equipment industry worldwide during the period of 2006-2009.


Use of electronic health records (EHRs) is standard practice in the United States since adoption in clinics and hospitals was accelerated by passage of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) in 2009. Under the aegis of the federal Office of the National


Kuta Station Hotel & Spa, A three stars hotel comes with 132 rooms consisting of Superior, Deluxe Pool View Deluxe, Deluxe Triple and Family Room with a simple and smart design. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning, shower bathroom with hot and..


The structural and sequence stratigraphy of a Niger Delta onshore field has been analysed from seismic and biostratigraphy data in order to assess the hydrocarbon potential of the area. Seven faults, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, and F7 were delineated in the seismic sections. The faults, F1, F4, F6, and F7 are synthetic faults, while F2, F3, and F5 are antithetic. Two horizons, H1 and H2 were identified in the seismic sections within the time window of 2200-2600 ms. The seismic sequence stratigraphy analysis revealed five sequence boundaries, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, which represent four depositional sequences. Four maximum flooding surfaces (MFS) were also delineated in the seismic data. The analysis of the biostratigraphy data thus revealed four sequence boundaries (S1, S2, S3, S4) and three maximum surfaces (MFS1, MFS2, and MF3). The age of the sequence boundary ranges from 13.1 Ma to 8.3 Ma. The age of the observed maximum flooding surfaces ranges from 12.8 Ma to 9.4 Ma. In vertical succession, the depositional sequences were identified by the order: sequence boundary, Lowstand system tract (LST), Transgressive system tract (TST), Maximum flooding surface (MFS), and Highstand system tract (HST). The lowstand system tract is made up of stacking pattern of sand, while the transgressive system tract thinned into the condense section.


In Entertainment Software Association v. Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada, 2012 SCC 34, a majority of the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that a musical work within a video game downloaded from the Internet does not attract additional royalties.


The invention relates to a screw conveyer in an animal crusher. The screw conveyer comprises a conveyer shell fixed in a rack and a lead screw arranged at the left end of the shell, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged at the upper part of the shell, a conveying cavity is arranged at the lower part of the shell, the feeding hopper is wide in the external part and narrow in the internal part, a feeding hole is formed in the upper part of the feeding hopper, the feeding hopper end is communicated with the conveying cavity, one end of the lead screw extends into the conveying cavity, a spiral plate is arranged in the conveying cavity and is connected with the lead screw, and a discharging hole is formed in the right end of the conveying cavity. Because the spiral plate is arranged in the conveying cavity, materials can be uniformly and efficiently output, and the conveyer is of a sealing structure, and is safe to operate, firm in structure, light in weight, and easy to install, maintain and overhaul.


The fashion industry employs about 1.8 million people in the United States. The industry includes high-value occupations-fashion and textiles designers, market research analysts, textile researchers and developers, computer systems developers, patternmakers, garment manufacturers, marketing, supply chain management, and wholesale buyers, along with retailers [1]. The career opportunities are diverse and expansive, with innovation evolving with an increasing demand for fashion-related skills. Although fashion careers were historically located in the fashion capitals of New York and Los Angeles, jobs in the fashion industry are now developing across the country, with design clusters appearing in the West and the South [1].


In the last years the possibility to define the same algebraic structure on a non-empty interval in bounded ordered algebras were intensively studied. We provide an overview of the recent progress in this field for many types of so called quantum structures. For example, the last contribution is by I. Chajda and J. Kühr, who showed (in not yet published paper) the possibility to introduce it even for partial algebras, in particular for pseudo-effect algebras. Besides an historical overview we will mostly consider bounded, integral, residuated lattices and derived algebras. We show that divisibility condition is not necessary for defining the subinterval algebra on a given non-empty interval. Moreover, we investigate some properties of basic algebraic constructions with respect to subinterval algebras.


Nuclear mass data provide EMPIRICAL evidence of: 1. Clustering of nucleons; 2. Attractive n-p interactions; and 3. Repulsive but symmetric n-n and p-p interactions after correcting for the repulsive Coulomb interactions between positive nuclear charges. These findings suggest a possible source of energy in neutron stars, in stars which formed on them, and demonstrate the need for a Theoretical understanding of 1. Interactions between nucleons; 2. Clustering of nucleons; and 3. Neutron-emission by penetration of the gravitational barrier surrounding a neutron star.


The two-band and/or two-gap superconductivity in aluminum- and carbon-doped $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ has been addressed by the point-contact spectroscopy. Two gaps are preserved in all samples with ${T}_{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}s$ down to $22\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The evolution of two gaps as a function of the critical temperature in the doped systems suggests the dominance of the band-filling effects, but for the increased Al doping, the enhanced interband scattering must also be considered. The extraction of the zero-energy density of states for the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ bands using a simple physical model demonstrates that significant changes in the relative weighting of the intraband scattering are created in the case of the C doping with the scattering in the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band enhanced faster than in the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ one. The Al doping does not change the relative weight of the scatterings within the bands.


It is very difficult to establish a mathematical model of a complicated higher-order nonlinear system; therefore, the neural network with the nonlinear-mapping capability (ability) is widely adopted to solve the control problem. However, it takes a very long time for the learning of conventional neural network, so the cerebellar model with the merits of simple algebraic operations and local update of weighting number (value) can replace the neural network (with the shortcomings of long-time learning). In this paper, a judging method by the function's slope is adopted to save the district value of average in the same memory when the variation of the output is not great, so the memory utilization can be saved effectively. Hence, the learning effect can be improved and the practical hardware cost can be saved.


This dissertation focuses on the creation of waterborne polymer-clay nanocomposites with superb barrier properties (O2, H2O, He), even at elevated relative humidity (RH). The high sensitivity of waterborne polymer nanocomposites to water vapor was mitigated by improving the donor-acceptor interactions between the polymer matrix and filler, increasing the polymer matrix crystallinity and by the self-assembly of the polymer-filler domains in the smectic phase. Furthermore, a special approach was used in spray coating to contribute to a perfect parallel alignment of the filler nanoplatelets.
The permeability (P) of barrier nanocomposites is the product of the diffusivity (D) and solubility (S) of the penetrant. D is influenced by the incorporation of the impermeable platelets, thus increasing the diffusion path (tortuous pathway). According to the tortuous pathway models [1,2], D mainly depends on the filler aspect ratio (α) and volume fraction (ϕ). Utilization of a large aspect ratio (α ≈ 20000) synthetic sodium fluorohectorite (NaHec) as nanofiller together with a high loading (10-35 vol%) significantly decreases the diffusivity. S mainly depends on the affinity between the penetrant and the barrier, wherein polar molecules are basically more soluble in polar than in nonpolar matrices and vice versa. Accordingly, waterborne nanocomposites are typically poor barriers for polar water molecules. The remarkable oxygen barrier properties of such nanocomposites at a very low RH inevitably degrade at more elevated RH levels (> 35%). Increased amounts of water molecules sorbed on polar functional groups interrupt the polymer chain interactions and cause plastification and swelling of the polymer matrix. Modification of the filler with a hydrogen bond-capable modifier—for example, 6-aminocaprohydroxamic acid hydrochloride (HA)—reduces the hydrophilicity of the filler to some extent and incites donor-acceptor interactions between the modifier and polymer matrix, thus decreasing the free volume and limiting swelling of the polymer matrix.
Modification of the NaHec with HA (HAHec) reduces swelling of the filler in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)—clay nanocomposites. Furthermore, the crystalline domains of the PVA polymer matrix show reduced water vapor sensitivity as well. Spray coating yields a perfectly textured film. A combination of the above-mentioned effects shifts the onset of significant swelling in the PVA nanocomposites to high RH regions. As a result, even at 23 °C and 90% RH, surprisingly low oxygen (OTR) and water vapor (WVTR) transmission rates (0.11 cm3 m−2 day−1 bar−1 and 0.18 g m−2 day−1 respectively, for a coating of 0.42 μm) are observed.
Polyacrylic acid (PAA), ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEIE) and HAHec form a perfectly homogeneous suspension in water. Doctor blading and spray coating produce highly textured nanocomposites containing polymer-clay domains in the smectic phase. Nevertheless, spray coating is superior to doctor blading because it yields significantly better ordered structures. The improved…


Despite its intuitive appeal and popularity, Thorndike's constant ratio (CR) model for unbiased selection is inherently inconsistent in n-free selection. Satisfaction of the condition for unbiased selection, when formulated in terms of success/acceptance probabilities, usually precludes satisfaction by the converse probabilities of rejection/failure, and vice versa. This paper suggests that this inconsistency is unavoidable due to the (negative) linear relation between "percent accepted" (P) and "percent rejected" (1 –P ), which does not preserve ratios and, thus, invalidates the conceptualization and measurement of selection bias in ratio terms. Therefore, we propose to substitute the CR model with a constant difference (CD) model for the definition and measurement of selection bias, and show the latter's underlying rationale and its applicability in both n-free and fixed-n selection. The psychometric literature dealing with bias in selection has focused mainly on personnel and educational selection where the criterion of merit Y—a measure


2544 Background: New molecular information, whether arising from expression profiling, identification of key mutations, or proteomic analyses is making the personalization of therapy increasingly feasible. This leads to the fragmentation of common disease entities into multiple molecular subtypes. Having sufficient numbers of patients to demonstrate the effectiveness of novel targeted therapies for each subtype has therefore become challenging, essentially impeding progress. Methods: Use of sample size determination software allows for comparison of phase II trials with a target survival proportion at a given time T based upon Kaplan-Meier versus exponential survival methods. Results: The use of exponential survival fitting methods, in lieu of the currently implemented trial designs, to single arm phase II studies can routinely reduce patient numbers by 25-40% (Table) without compromising the statistical power. The biggest advantage is that survival information both before and after time T reduces the var...


Studies on the persistence and success of underrepresented groups in STEM point to a number of challenges, ranging from college-preparedness to lack of role models and financial disparity. However, few studies, if any, systematically investigate the role students' individual identities (i.e. intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, culture, ability, sexual identity, language, etc.) play in helping or hindering their success in engineering and computer science. Relational and structural power often accrues to those who most closely approximate the defined norm, and those who do not align with these models may be compelled to withhold or even deny integral parts of their social and cultural identities as a means of successfully navigating engineering culture. We refer to this as "identity severance" and think it is negatively correlated with persistence in engineering education and practice. We have developed an exploratory study to be implemented at three distinct institutions of post-secondary education to identify the fundamental themes that would inform a more comprehensive and widespread national conversation regarding the influence of power and privilege on broader participation and practice in engineering and computer science.


One of the factors contributing to provide data transmission in 6G based on visible-light communications (VLC) is the rising demand for high-speed indoor wireless connectivity. This article classifies the technical influences that the transition from 5G to 6G requires. The purpose of this paper is to speculate on the possible applications of visible light communications (VLC) for a 6G technology platform. Aspects of increasing data rates and reducing interference are among the research topics that need more investigation. The establishment of suitable spectrally efficient multiple-access (MA) techniques facilitates the effective management of multiple users, specifically when working with the restricted modulation bandwidth of the light-emitting diodes, in relatively large space indoor environments. The paper concentrates on the suggested specifications of applications, the network architecture and its significant performance indicators for VLC aided applications in 6G. Finally, some potential directions for future study in VLC for 6G are examined.


ABSTRACT Here we report the draft genome sequence of Serratia sp. strain M24T3, which is associated with pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease. Serratia sp. strain M24T3 has been identified as a bionematocide for B. xylophilus in vitro, and multiple genes potentially involved in virulence and nematotoxity were identified.


at the end of the article .......................................................................................................... ........................................................ Submitted 28.6.2006 Accepted 27.9.2006 Z. Kamenov, M. Todorova, V. Christov, I. Nikolov Clinic of Endocrinology, Alexandrov's University Hospital, Sofia Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Sofia Department of CT, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria


This paper presents the theory and simulation work to establish a relationship between Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) flowing through a transformer's windings and the reactive power absorbed by that transformer's core. This relationship is determined in laboratory for various levels of GICs injected under different loading conditions of a transformer. This obtained relationship validates the results obtained through electromagnetic transients simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC and also correlates well with actual field data. This study is one of the first laboratory simulation studies of the effect of GIC, reported in literature.


The college should put psychological health education with the equally important position of college students Ideological Cultivation.The teachers should be very well cooperated with the students' parents in the process of educating, establish the mechanism for observing and measuring the students' psychological development dynamically, and intervene to the students' psychological obstacle voluntarily.They Should deal with psychological problems calmly through various channels to create a good atmosphere for the students and enrich the mental hygiene knowledge and pay attention to the mental health of the teachers.


In this paper, we discuss the relation between the \(\star\)-topology generated by an ideal and the topology of a space \((X, \tau)\) and the local discrete extension topology dened by Park in 1977.


ABSTRACT Meyerozyma caribbica MG20W was originally isolated from rhizosphere soil on reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea. We describe herein the 10.64-Mbp-long genome sequence of M. caribbica MG20W, which exhibits high salt resistance.


Within an area (A0) where of four heads (601 to 604) installed on a stage (WST1), heads included in the first head group and the second head group to which three heads each belong that include one head different from each other face the corresponding areas on a scale plate, the stage (WST1) is driven based on positional information which is obtained using the first head group, as well as obtaining the displacement (displacement of position, rotation, and scaling) between the first and second reference coordinate systems (C1, C2) corresponding to the first and second head groups using the positional information obtained using the first and second head groups. By using the results and correcting measurement results obtained using the second head group, the displacement between the first and second reference coordinate systems (C1, C2) is calibrated, which allows the measurement errors that come with the displacement between the areas on the scale plates where each of the four heads (601 to 604) face to be corrected.


OBJECTIVES : Divalent manganese is a cofactor for soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the enzyme producing cyclic GMP in vascular smooth muscle cells that causes relaxation. Manganese competes with magnesium to activate sGC. These divalent cations can bias the activity of the enzyme to produce cyclic nucleotides other than cyclic GMP, in particular cyclic AMP and cyclic IMP. Cyclic IMP, preferably produced in the presence of magnesium, can cause contraction in precontracted arteries of the pig. The objective of the present study was to identify the mechanisms by which manganese, compared to magnesium [used in standard physiological solutions at millimolar concentrations for functional studies], affects endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations by influencing intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. METHODS : Ex vivo experiments were designed using isolated rat aortae of Sprague-Dawley rats of 12-14 weeks of age and porcine coronary arteries (collected at the local abattoir). The arteries were cut into rings and used for measurement of vascular reactivity in conventional organ chambers using pharmacological inhibitors of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (LNAME) and of cyclooxygenases (indomethacin). In some rings, the endothelium was removed through insertion of a wooden toothpick. After obtaining an optimal resting tension, the rings were treated with millimolar concentrations of manganese or magnesium for fortyfive minutes and precontracted with phenylephrine (rat aortae) or U46619 (porcine coronary arteries). Subsequently, concentration-dependent responses were obtained with acetylcholine (rat arteries), bradykinin (porcine coronary arteries) and the NO-donor SNP. In parallel, in vitro experiments were conducted using cultured porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs). The cells were exposed to millimolar concentrations of manganese or magnesium in the presence or absence of a sGC-activator (YC-1). Intracellular cyclic GMP levels were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS : In vivo , millimolar ranges of manganese significantly decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine in rat aortae and to bradykinin in porcine coronary arteries compared to physiological levels of magnesium. This effect was abolished by endothelium-removal. In addition, L-NAME partially reversed the effect of manganese, while indomethacin did not. Manganese also decreased, but to a smaller extent, endotheliumindependent relaxations to SNP in both porcine coronary arteries and rat aortae. In parallel, the in vitro study showed that manganese alone or in combination with YC-1 blocks the production of cyclic GMP. CONCLUSIONS : Taken into conjunction, these experiments show that manganese at millimolar levels decreases endothelium-dependent and –independent relaxations compared to physiological levels of magnesium. This is likely explained through a decrease in cyclic GMP production. The effect of manganese is endothelium-dependent. In the case of endothelium-dependent relaxations (to acetylcholine or bradykinin), the effect of manganese is mediated by endothelial NO synthase, but not by cyclooxygenases. These findings indicate that in the presence of manganese NO does not act as a vasodilator and must lead to production of cyclic nucleotides other than cyclic GMP to cause contraction, similar to what has been reported under hypoxic conditions.


In the past period of time, perovskite solar cells have gained tremendous developments in improving photovoltaic performance, but they still face severe challenges. Defects in perovskite layers, especially at grain boundaries, severely limit the stabilization and efficiency of solar cells. In this work, we adopt 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) for modifying defects in perovskite thin films. Through the interaction among the carboxyl group, boronic acid and lead ions in the perovskite film, the crystallization effect of the perovskite molecular is greatly optimized. Moreover, the film defects are spontaneously passivated and the band gap is reduced, increasing the open circuit voltage and fill factor. Therefore, power conversion efficiency has been increased from 17.25% to 20.20%. This discovery provides a potential strategy for passivating the trap states in perovskite and enhancing the properties of devices.


Although scholars are increasingly able to explain why states (do not) comply with human rights treaties, the role of social norms in compliance has been neglected. This is remarkable because human rights often directly address social norms. Our study aims to contribute to the existing literature by providing quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relationship between citizens' social norms and compliance with human rights treaties. The quantitative results provide strong support for such a relationship. The findings from the additional qualitative analysis suggest that bargaining over (and thus changing) social norms is an important process through which compliance with human rights can be influenced.


The invention discloses power generation of a double-wing wind wheel machine, and relates to the technical fields of vehicles science, airplane science, aerodynamics, electromagnetic, mechanics of machinery and materials science. The invention consists of two parts, namely an aerofoil and a wind wheel machine, wherein the aerofoil consists of double wings, a flow deflector, a fixed shaft, a gasket, an upper shaft sleeve, a lower shaft sleeve, bolts, a wing base, a steering handle and a vertical tail, and automatically turns around and runs at full speed together with the turning of a train; the load capacity of each carriage is increased by about 30-50 percent, the load capacity of a maglev high-speed train is enhanced, and the transport efficiency and effect are improved; the wind wheel machine moves forwards at a speed of 100 meters per second by means of the train, and has large aerodynamic force to push N blades to rotate and drive a generator to generate power so as to realize full floating charge parallel-operated power supply; and the wind wheel machine consists of a wind wheel machine fixed outer ring, a cylindrical shell, a bearing bush, a flare opening, N blades, a wind wheel machine shaft, a coupler and a direct-current generator to generate power, dispersion of traction force is reduced, and the transport capacity is improved. The application fields of the technology can be widened; for example, the rear half part of a racing car or a sedan is provided with the superposed double wings (the width of the double wings does not exceed the width of the vehicle body), namely lifting forces generated at different speeds are different, and the gravity of the rear of the vehicle is lifted by 30 to 50 percent, so that the energy is saved, the speed is improved, the carrying capacity is improved, the low-carbon transport requirement is met, and the machine is convenient to use and has good market prospect.


FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: products: compounds of the formula (I) where X oxygen or sulfur, R chlorine, bromine; R 1 ,, R 2 ,, R 3 are independently each of other hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; R 4 hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; R 3 and R 4 together mean carbonyl (= O) at condition that R 1 ,, R 2 , R 5 ,, R 6 all are C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; R 5 hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; R 6 hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio or C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl at condition that when R 6 --C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl then R 3 and R 4 together are not carbonyl; R 7 methyl or ethyl; R 8 halogen, nitro or R b SO n , where n 0 or 2; R b -C 1 -C 3 -alkyl or its salt. Compound of the formula (I) is used in herbicide composition at concentration 0.5-95 wt.-% which is used for struggle against weeds at the doses 0.056-1.14 kg/ha. Synthesized compounds were used in agriculture. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 4 cl, 5 tbl


A circuit built from readily available integrated circuits is shown to have a nonlinear first quadrant current-voltage characteristic with a negative differential resistance region similar to the tunnel diode. With a slight modification, it is shown that a memory impedance feature can be added that has interesting dynamic consequences. The circuit shows great potential in the study of negative resistance oscillators and chaotic circuits.


chamber when the instrument is not in use, and keeps the lid firmly in position for transport. The outlet from the volatilizing chamber is situated on the front of the large tank, and either a flexible metal tube with rubber connections or a wide bore rubber tube is used to connect-to the intra-tracheal catheter in the patient. A Magill's rebreathingbag can be fitted on this tube for ether and oxygen administration, but should be shut off when it is desired to give chloroform, etc., to the patient, and certainly when these are being administered by way of the tI by-pass." It will be seen that the more rapid administration of oxygen, gas and oxygen, etc., is an advantage. In constructing the apparatus, I endeavoured to reduce the amount of breakable glass parts and to lessen the amount of rubber tubing which deteriorates and requires replacement. The disadvantage of having to pump over ether from a bottle into the volatilizing chamber by means of a bellows has been removed, and, once started, more automatic working is permitted. The ease with which the "by-pass" allows the rapid administration of gas and oxygen is obvious. The large water tank ensures complete volatilization of the ether and the maintenance of a supply of warm ether for a longer period. The possibility of carrying the ether reservoir inside the large tank renders the instrument portable. The apparatus is mounted on a metal tray, and measures 11 by 6l by 6 inches; the weight is 12 pounds. Messrs. Down Bros., London, are the makers, and I wish to express my grateful thanks to them for their valuable co-operation, and my appreciation 6f their faultless workmanship.


Previously, several natural integral transforms of the Minkowski question mark function F(x) were introduced by the author. Each of them is uniquely characterized by certain regularity conditions and the functional equation, thus encoding intrinsic information about F(x). One of them - the dyadic period function G(z) - was defined as a Stieltjes transform. In this paper we introduce a family of "distributions" F_p(x) for Re p>=1, such that F_1(x) is the question mark function and F_2(x) is a discrete distribution with support on x=1. We prove that the generating function of moments of F_p(x) satisfies the three term functional equation. This has an independent interest, though our main concern is the information it provides about F(x). This approach yields the following main result: we prove that the dyadic period function is a sum of infinite series of rational functions with rational coefficients.


The paper presents concept of engine vibration monitoring system dedicated for all kind means of transport. Based on nature of vibration phenomena the scope of the possibilities of usage of vibration become very wide. The procedure of vibration measurements allow to conduct constant registration without invasion into construction into mechanism. These are non-destructive methods. Due to all these advantages and very difficult environment of engine in means of transport the application of vibration methods for engine monitoring system become very popular. The paper presents some exemplary results of vibration registration on the block of the engine.


Divergent estimates for luteinizing hormone (LH) in individual serum samples may be given by different immunoassays. In order to investigate this phenomenom further, we have studied the effect of differences in assay kinetics within the same immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) configuration on LH measurement in sera from different endocrine states. Three pairs of monoclonal/polyclonal two-site IRMA systems for LH were developed from three LH monoclonal antibodies and a common polyclonal anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin. For IRMA systems a short and long assay, which were different only with respect to the incubation time (1/2 h and overnight respectively), of the labelled monoclonal first antibody were performed. The IRMAs were all standardized against the LH international reference preparation 68/40. LH concentrations were measured by all the IRMAs in sera obtained from normal men (n = 11) and from women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO; n = 13). In normal men, there were no differences in LH estimates between the short and the long assays of the three IRMA systems, and the ratios of long to short assays were similar for all the systems. However, in PCO there were significant differences between short and long assays and the ratios of long to short assays were different for the IRMA systems. These results indicate that kinetic differences between IRMAs of the same antibody configuration can be associated with differences in measured LH concentrations, depending on the endocrine status of the sera studied. As LH glycoform patterns are known to differ between normal men and PCO, the observed changes in LH estimates may be due to the different glycoform composition.


Written for a higher level undergraduate or MBA-level investments course, this text presents introductory investment topics from the viewpoint of an experienced portfolio manager. This approach covers the fundamentals of portfolio management (financial, securities markets, and investment management techniques, including financial engineering), and application of these techniques by professional investors. It is unsurpassed in its ability to bridge theory and application by using articles from the financial media as well as real-world mini-cases to illustrate concepts. A strong problem-solving approach is supported through solved sample problems and practice boxes throughout the text, and end-of-chapter problems and cases which use real world information and data.


In a recent article in CHEST, Dale and colleagues (May 2001)1 reported on factors that are predictive of successful smoking cessation and noted that the first 2 weeks of treatment were the "most crucial." We also noticed this time period and found no significant immediate, 3-month, or 6-month reduction or quit rate differences between 1 month and 2 months of use of bupropion SR, 300 mg/d.2 The results of the study of smoking cessation by Dale et al,1 as well as the work of others in antidepressant therapy,3 suggest very limited differences between bupropion SR dosing schedules of 150 and 300 mg/d. We recently completed a treatment program evaluation to compare the relative effectiveness of 150 mg/d vs 300 mg/d bupropion SR as part of nicotine reduction therapy with older American veterans. Seventy-three patients completed all project requirements and were the focus of this study. Treatment condition assignment (150-mg group, 34 patients; 300-mg group, 39 patients) was random, with patients in the 150-mg group having the option to receive 1 month of bupropion therapy at 300 mg daily (our standard dosage) after the 2-month follow-up. All patients signed consent forms and received the same behavioral treatment during the first session. Patients returned after 2.5 weeks to discuss their progress and difficulties, to receive more behavioral change information, and to receive bupropion SR. Subjects were followed-up by mail 2 months after the end of the second session. The typical veteran was a white male, aged 57 years. There were no significant (p 0.05) differences between groups as a function of demographic factors, treatment motivation variables, or health habits. About 26% of patients reported quitting all nicotine use at follow-up, and 80% of those still using tobacco claimed nicotine reduction. Neither the group that quit ( 2 test, 0.27; p 0.60) nor the group that reduced tobacco use ( 2 test, 1.35; p 0.25) showed significant differences; however, side effect profiles tended to be different. In response to a yes-no question concerning the presence of side effects, a higher percentage of patients in the 300-mg group complained of side effects than did patient in the 150-mg group ( 2 test, 3.47; p 0.06), with the total number of side effects averaging 2.6 per patient in the 300-mg group vs 1.2 per patient in the 150-mg group (t test, 1.92; p 0.06). Weight change did not vary significantly between groups. Larger studies with fewer methodological limitations are needed. However, this program evaluation indicates that 1 month of bupropion SR therapy at 150 mg/d may provide the maximum benefit for minimal expense and risk.


In this document we present the way the Colombian System of health appears before and after the reform Of 1993, objective proposed and finally reached; Making emphasis in the crisis of the hospitable public sector; considering that the main clients of these Institutions is the poor population, with no insurance denominated by law 100 of 1993 like "associates" which Are in charge of the State. Concluding the document that between the main causes of the crisis is the numerous debt that the State took in favor of concept of the attention of the tie ones has acquired and the Delay in the flow of the resources.


Problem statement: S. venosa (Menispermaceae) is used in traditional medicine. The constituents of S. venosa belonging to showed remarkable cytotoxic activity. According to previous research, S. venosa contains several alkaloids, such as protoberberine stephanine cyclanoline and N- methylstepholidine, kamaline, (+)-N-carboxamidostepharine, (-)-O-methylstepharinosine, (-)- stepharinosine, aporphine (-)-O-acethylsukhodiamine and oxostephanosine. The chemical and biological investigations of this plant are interesting to bioassay-guided fractionation, particularly Antiproliferative effects via the induction of cell cycle arrest in mammalian cancer cell lines. Approach: The research was carried out to extract, isolate, purify and elucidate structure of the active compound from the tuber S. venosa. Most of the solvent extracts and isolated compound were evaluated with kinds of mammalian cancer cell lines for investigation on antiproliferative effects. Results: Four alkaloids, tetrahydropalmatine (1), crebanine (2) O-methylbulbocapnine (3) and N- methyltetrahydropalmatine (4) were isolated from the tuber of S. venosa. Charaterization of the compounds were carried out by extensive NMR studies using COSY, HMQC, HMBC and DEPT in addition to other spectroscopic methods. These compounds (1, 2 and 3) were showed evidence of the anticancer activities for cell proliferation inhibition in K562, K562/Adr, GLC4 and GLC4/Adr cell lines due to G0/G1 obstruction by compound 2 and 3 and negligible S phase arrest by compound 1. Conclusion: The result showed slightly increase in S phase by the effect of compound 1, beside the G0/G1 phase was blocked by compound 2 and 3.


The article analyzes crisis phenomena in psychology and discusses the peculiarities of the work aimed at overcoming this crisis. In the framework of this research area psychological reality is characterized and the conditions of its «thinkabality» in the present situation are considered.


[-Hungary] into the total European scene toward the end of the century. Furthermore, since the concept of a central crisis is not clarified as functionrelated, Taylor's study is more a kind of chronological narrative of the shortcomings of the Danubian monarchy than a systematic evaluation of the viability of the dualistic system or of the significance of the individual crisis factors. Then, too, in my opinion the author's somewhat mechanistic and rigid concept of "a national principle" that must some day live its life to the full is, as a premise of his argumentation, surely questionable. The same should be said about the view that the impact of the German national movement on the structure of the Habsburg monarchy was determined by a downright elemental incorrigible dynamic that made the internal nationality problems of Austria-Hungary literally insoluble. Aside from this, Taylor's conclusions can hardly be considered as more than provisionally valid, because he has failed to make use either of unpublished sources or of the non-Western-European literature in the field. Thus, Taylor's picture of the irresistible decay of a Great Power, sketched through the masterly manipulated medium of political history, is surely significant more as a hypothesis for further research and a questioning of current doctrine than as a comprehensive interpretation worked out in detail and based on an empirical evaluation of sources.


Introduction High-profile corporate failures that occurred at the beginning of this century have raised concern about the reliability of companies' financial statements. While the primary responsibility for preparing accurate financial statements rests with company management and boards, questions also have been raised about the quality and independence of external auditors. Regulators and standard setters have attempted to enhance audit quality through rules impacting on auditor independence (For example, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) One factor the regulators are concerned that may impair auditor's independence is long auditor tenure (the length of the auditor client relationship). Their concern is that as the auditor tenure gets longer, auditors are more likely to compromise on their client's accounting and reporting choices in order to retain the client. Mandatory rotation of audit firms for a particular audit client is suggested as a means of improving audit quality through maintained independence and new "fresh eyes" on audits .However, the accounting profession has strongly resisted mandatory audit firm rotation, with potentially high costs of transition being provided as the prominent reason. The proponents of mandatory auditor rotation thus argue that setting a limit on the period of years an audit firm may audit a particular company's financial statements will improve auditor independence and audit quality. The opponents, however, argue that as auditors gain more experience from auditing the Archive of SID


Presence of sufficient variation among the genotypes was evident from the analysis of variance. Prevalence of additive as well as non- additive gene action was indicated, for all the characters, by the analysis of variance for combining ability. Bahadur and Teke were found to be the best general combiners with respect to grain yield per plant. These two parents were good general combiners for atleast four other desirable traits also. In the present study good x good combiners like Teke x Bahadur and Teke x Ranjit and good x poor combiners like Malong x Bahadur, Mehuru x Ranjit, Mehuru x Bahadur and Teke x Piolee were among the best specific combiners.


Fear/panic is one of the critical factors that could hinder a user to take proper actions in emergency situations. Therefore an automatic detection of users fear/panic states is crucial for enhancing safety in operating control rooms, driving vehicles, etc. In this paper, we address machine learning-based methods for real-time recognition of fear/panic states using physiological signals. We conducted a human factors experiment in order to collect physiological signals involving fear/panic or neutral states. A total of ten subjects participated in the experiment and each one was asked to see ten different movie clips to induce fear/panic and neutral states alternately. While he/she was seeing the ten movie clips, five physiological signals (skin conductance, blood The Eighth Pan-Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics (PPCOE 2007) October 17-19, 2007, Bangkok, Thailand volume pressure, skin temperature, electromyography, and respiration) were collected and recorded. We applied ensemble learning methods to the real-time classification of fear/panic states, including Bagging, Boosting, and Adaboost, using features obtained from the physiological signals. The proposed methods provided more than 77% of real-time classification accuracy in the experiment. The real-time fear/panic recognition methods can be applied to safety-critical applications such as nuclear reactor control, driving, and aviation in order to enhance safety in emergency situations.


The spectroscopic characteristics of Te 2 As 3 Se 5 infrared optical fibres are investigated. Fibres with a diameter of approximately 400 μm are tapered to produce a sensitive sensing zone and used as both a sensor and transmission line of the infrared optical signal in evanescent wave spectroscopy experiments. The fibre surface is shown to be hydrophobic, which results in enhanced detection sensitivity for nonpolar organic species in aqueous media. The peak intensity of organic species increases systematically relative to the peak intensity of water during a comparison of fibre and transmission spectroscopy experiments. A bio-optical sensor is developed by coating the fibre with human lung cells at the surface of the sensing zone. The metabolic activity of the cell is monitored spectroscopically and it is shown that the evanescent wave can locally probe the cell membrane integrity. During exposure to Triton X-100, the cell membrane signal shows a sharp decay in response to the surfactant. The ratio of methyl and methylene vibrations from membrane lipids decreases rapidly and provides a sensitive probe of the cell membrane integrity. This experiment demonstrates the capability of these fibre based bio-optic sensors to detect micromolar amounts of environmental toxicant.


In fragrant rice ( Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) production, seedling management and fertilization both are important parts. However, the effects of different seedling managements and fertilizer rates on grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, main and key compound of fragrant rice aroma) content of fragrant rice are still unknown. In present study, four seedling managements (mechanized transplanting (MT), mechanized direct-seeding (MDS), seedling throwing (ST) and seeds broadcasting (BS)) combined with three fertilizer rates (450 (Fer1), 600 (Fer2) and 750 (Fer3) kg ha -1 ) at tillering stage were applied in a 2-yr field experiment. The results showed that the grain yield and 2-AP content differed in different seedling management and fertilizer rate treatments. The highest grain yield and 2-AP content were recorded in MTFer3 treatment which were 4.81-4.86 t ha -1 and 307.68-390.99 μg kg -1 FW, respectively, while the lowest were recorded in BSFer1 treatment which were 3.96-4.09 t ha -1 and 62.92-165.09 μg kg -1 FW, respectively. Furthermore, the lowest expression of gene BADH2 related to 2-AP biosynthesis was recorded in MTFer3 treatment. Under the same fertilizer rate treatment, MT treatment produced the highest grain yield and 2-AP content which ranged between 4.49-4.86 t ha -1 and 222.16-390.99 μg kg -1 FW, respectively. Under the same seedling management treatment, the highest or equally highest grain yield and 2-AP content were recorded in Fer3 treatment. from our study the roles of fertilization in fragrant rice production and present reasonable schemes for application of compound fertilizer (Fer2 and Fer3 treatments) but more studies in the future are required to investigate the roles of K and P fertilizer in fragrant rice performances.


Provided are a silicon oxide etching solution, which is able to etch silicon oxide easily while minimizing damage to metal silicide, and a method of forming a contact hole using the etching solution, which prevents damage to the metal silicide. The silicon oxide etching solution is applied to a process for enlarging the width of a contact hole(30) formed on an oxide film(20) covering a metal silicide pattern, and comprises 0.01-2wt% of ammonium bifluoride, 2-35wt% of an organic acid, 0.05-1wt% of an inorganic acid, and an excess of a low polar organic solvent. The silicone oxide film(20) includes a BPSG oxide film(22) and a high density plasma silicon oxide film(24). The silicon oxide etching solution has an etching selectivity for the high density plasma oxide film(24) and the BPSG oxide film(22) of 1:1.2-2.5.


The cooperative mission planning of multiple UAVs plays a key role in cooperative control of multiple UAVs.From a large quantity of literature,a conclusion of the existing research status had been drawn.The function and architecture of the cooperative mission planning system were introduced firstly.As two main parts of the system,path planning and task assignment had been discussed separately,but the focus of attention was on the task assignment.Nearly all the models and algorithms had been mentioned while the advantages and disadvantages of some common algorithms had been discussed in details.Finally,it was concluded that the task assignment algorithm of multi-agent based on the market mechanism had a good application prospect in the field of the cooperative task assignment of UAVs.


Federalism and the welfare state have too often lived separate lives. Broadly speaking, the territorial politics literature has tended to neglect the social dimension, while research on welfare has taken the centralised nation-state for granted. This book addresses this thematic dichotomy by studying six long-standing democratic federations within the welfare capitalism of the so-called 'New World' (Australia, Canada, and the United States of America) and the 'Old Continent' (Austria, Germany, Switzerland). In the chapters dealing with the case studies, the various contributors carry out in-depth examinations which provide the reader not only with rigorous analytical information but with sound interpretations. Numerous issues are raised in this book, which pioneers the study of federal institutional arrangements and social policy making within the broader field of study concerning territoriality and welfare. Despite commonalities, such as having written constitutions or constitutional courts acting as institutional arbitrators, the six federations show notable differences and peculiarities when it comes to the specific arrangements of their welfare states. They are grouped by the editors into two main clusters: the Germanic and the AngloSaxon. These 'families of nations' almost correspond to the Corporatist and Liberal welfare regimes, although in-group variations are by no means small. An overriding search for academic parsimony impels the editors to propose a simple binary distinction between 'inter-state' and 'intra-state' forms of federalism, which corresponds to the already well-researched and well-established terminology concerning the 'dual' and 'co-operative' federal variants. Confusion between 'inter' and 'intra' may arise as the term 'state' is used imprecisely: at times it refers to the intermediate level of government (sub-national states, cantons, länder or provinces), whereas in other instances it concerns the polity as a whole. In order to set conceptual assumptions and premises, the editors review public choice and institutionalist theories. The use of middle-range theories of such schools of thought serves to identify contextual factors to sustain, or otherwise, a range of hypotheses under discussion. This exercise is also meant to provide the epistemological tools for discussing the main argument proposed in the book, namely that federalism does not affect welfare states uniformly across time and space. 3o p ro ef


Border crossing migration always includes (re-)negotiation of world views, home and the meaning of arrival. This negotiation of arrival takes place within the broader societal contexts of the countries of origin and of arrival but is also a mediation with oneself and with social networks. This holds true especially for refugees and émigrés who have to leave their habitual places of living involuntarily. This paper examines the lives of Yazidi women, who survived captivity and sexual enslavement by the self-declared Islamic State and subsequently decided to resettle from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to Germany. First, the study addresses the complex processes of managing and re-establishing social belongings with a sociological concept of arrival and outlines some lessons from historical forced migration research. It then presents the findings and analysis of five face-to-face narrative interviews with Yazidi survivors. What similarities and differences exist between these individuals and historical cases of forced migrants and their arrival? Are there different patterns of coping with their individual and collective experiences and of developing new life projects? Our findings show how Yazidi émigrés continue to experience and negotiate the complexities of migration between weak and strong belonging to social spaces of origin and of arrival.


Most polyolefins require both free radical stabilization and acid neutralization. Conventional formulating follows a process of independent selection for stabilizers and neutralizers. This study shows that the use of a full factorial statistical design can facilitate concurrent optimization of neutralizer and stabilizer. A fractional factorial design did not provide sufficient information. Calcium lactate was shown to effectively improve YI color as well as neutralize acid residues.


Diet, weight–bearing physical activity (WPA) and daylight hours spent outdoors (DE) were related to bone mineral density in the distal (BMDd) and ultradistal (BMDud) forearm of 495 healthy children (8–11 years) and adolescents (11–17 years). BMD was assessed by single photon absorptiometry. Using multiple regression, BMDd was predicted by saturated fat and BMDud by fiber in children. In adolescents, BMDd was predicted by saturated fat and vitamin C, and BMDud by calcium and vitamin C. WPA and DE were not related to BMD. In conclusion, our results showed that current intake of calcium, saturated fat, fiber and vitamin C were positively associated with forearm BMD in children and adolescents. These associations depended on age and bone type. If our findings are verified, dietary recommendations, especially when aimed at young people, may have to be reconsidered.


Choroideremia is an X‐linked recessive retinal degeneration predominantly affecting hemizygous males. It is caused by mutations in the CHM gene that encodes the Rab escort protein‐1. Characteristic features include early nyctalopia followed by progressive constriction of peripheral visual fields and sparing of the central vision until late in life with a distinct fundoscopic appearance. We present the case of a 17‐year‐old male with a c.282delT in exon 4 of CHM that has not previously been reported. Phenotypically this patient presented with an atypical choroideremia phenotype of early central macular degeneration in addition to the classic peripheral fundus characteristic findings.


Background: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is defined by ophtalmoparesis and/or ptosis associated with laboratory findings (acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR) or anti-MUSK) or electrophysiological findings (single fiber electromyography/ repetitive stimulation) and represents 15[percnt] of the total number of MG patients.
Approximately in 50[percnt] of patients initially diagnosed with OMG, the disease became generalized in two years.
Our aim is to describe the clinical features of patients diagnosed with OMG in our Center and the conversion rate to generalized MG.
Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of a series of patients diagnosed with OMG. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics are described; and the conversion rate to generalized myasthenia gravis (II, III and IV) is analyzed.
Results: 42 patients (54.8[percnt] women) with an average age of 55 (18.3DE) at the onset of OMG. Clinical presentation at the beginning was: 33[percnt] ophtalmoparesis, 31[percnt] ptosis and 35.7[percnt] both. 80.5 [percnt] presented ac´s anti-AChR-positive, 11.9[percnt] anti-MUSK positive and 4.8[percnt] both. Thymic pathology appeared in 21.4[percnt] (14.3[percnt] thymoma). The median follow-up was 5 years (1-27).
30[percnt] only needed cholinesterase inhibitors, 22.5[percnt] prednisone and 42.5[percnt] needed combination therapy (28.6[percnt] non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive agents), with symptomatic remission in 40[percnt] and 30[percnt] with minimal symptoms. During the course of the disease, 52.4[percnt] presented generalized forms of MG criteria.
Conclusion: In our series, the most frequent clinical presentation was mixed (ophtalmoparesis and ptosis), most of the patients were anti-AChR positive, 70[percnt] clinically improved with treatment; and after five years of follow-up, in 52.4[percnt] of the cases, the disease became generalized. Disclosure: Dr. Diaz Perez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanchez-Vizcaino Buendia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hernandez Clares has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carreon Guarnizo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cerdan Sanchez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin Fernandez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meca Lallana has nothing to disclose.


This manual/workbook provides the means for an operator to develop an at-a-glance capacity on a stabilized relative motion radar. Once the system of aSituation Recognitiona has been achieved and mastered, a multitude of targets can be handled safely and surely, and collision avoidance becomes quite simple. The real method of plotting equips the deck officer to pass the Coast Guards radar observer test


Objective:To explore the antecedents(perceived control and perceived organizational support)and outcomes(psychological health)of job burnout.Methods:Using data collected from 792 officers(470 lower level army cadres,150 commanders and 172 teachers)in the Chinese Armed Police Force(CAPF),Structural Equation Modeling was applied to explore and confirm a model of this nomological network.Results:Perceived control significantly influenced job burnout:the higher the perceived controls,the lower the three dimension of job burnout(emotional exhaustion,cynicism and reduced accomplishment).Perceived control exerted impacts on psychological health directly and indirectly:the higher the perceived control,the better psychological health.Moreover,perceived control had significant effects on psychological health through emotional exhaustion:the higher the perceived control,the lower emotional exhaustion,and the better psychological health.The higher perceived organizational support,the lower the three dimensions of job burnout;perceived organizational support impacted psychological health through emotional exhaustion:the higher perceived organizational support,the lower emotional exhaustion,and the better psychological health.Conclusion:Individuals' perceived control can impact the level of job burnout,which in turn influence self-rated psychological health.Individuals' perceived organizational support can impact the level of job burnout and psychological health as well.


Current evidence suggests that major morphological innovations in marine animals appeared in nearshore environments and then expanded offshore. As with durophagous predators that evolved late in the Mesozoic, the impact of Homo sapiens is most strongly felt first in onshore benthic communities. Fishing activity worldwide has begun in nearshore environments and then expanded offshore. The community changes wrought by removing predatory (and sometimes herbivorous) teleosts follow the onshore-offshore pattern. Humans are transforming nearshore benthic communities to


The percolation threshold and wrapping probability (R∞) for the two-dimensional problem of continuum percolation on the surface of a Klein bottle have been calculated by the Monte Carlo method with the Newman–Ziff algorithm for completely permeable disks. It has been shown that the percolation threshold of disks on the Klein bottle coincides with the percolation threshold of disks on the surface of a torus, indicating that this threshold is topologically invariant. The scaling exponents determining corrections to the wrapping probability and critical concentration owing to the finite-size effects are also topologically invariant. At the same time, the quantities R∞ are different for percolation on the torus and Klein bottle and are apparently determined by the topology of the surface. Furthermore, the difference between the R∞ values for the torus and Klein bottle means that at least one of the percolation clusters is degenerate.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of alph-fetoprotein ,AFP, positive gastric carcinoma. Methods Two hundred and nineteen cases of gastric cancer were divided into AFP-positive group and AFP-negative group. The gross type, tumor diameter, invasion depth, infiltrating patterns, liver and lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and the disease prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results The rates of liver metastasis, number of metastatic lymph nodes, stageⅣ tumor in AFP-positive group were significantly higher than those in AFP-negative group ,P0.01,. The 1, 3, 5 year- survival rates in AFP-positive group ,55.6%, 11.1%, 5.6%, respectively, were significantly lower than those in AFP-negative Group ,88.7%, 60.3%, 50.2% respectively, P0.05,. Conclusion Alph-fetoprotein positive Gastric Cancer has significantly higher malignant behavior and poorer prognosis, which may be related to the frequent liver and lymph node metastasis.


Selective anxiolytic fabomotisol (Afobazol®) has affinity for the Sigma-1 chaperone receptor site, quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) and MAO-A regulatory sites, and melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1 receptor). The analysis of the effect of fabomotisol on the gene expression profile in the brain of MR (Maudsley Reactive) rats was carried out when modeling emotional stress in the open field test. A change in the expression of 14 genes was found, the results of the functional annotation of which show that the mechanisms of action of fabomotisol may be associated with the regulation of translation of proteins (Rpl5, Rpl15, Ncl, Ybx1), synaptic functions (Cplx2, Dlg4, Syngap1, Add1, Rab8b, Klc1, Chn1) and cellular metabolism (Akr1d1, Bcat1, Pkm).


This research aims to demonstrate the characteristics and peculiarities of the third sector entities. To this was presented conceptual and legal elements necessary for the operation of these entities. Thus, it is considered this study as a tool to help entities to increase understanding of the elements necessary for developing its activities in order to maximize the collection of resources and hence of the people served at all levels of society. Methodologically this article is characterized as a qualitative research, literature and documents, which makes a survey of laws, decrees and applicable accounting standards, as well as research bibliographical source already treated. As a result, there are peculiarities between the types of entities, as well as titles and records needed. In addition, we presented the requirements to be provided at the Internal Revenue Service of Brazil, the Ministry of


This article aims at describing the philosophy of "toma loa se banari" as a strategy to garner political support for Tidore Local Leader Election and to describe the mobilization of clan relations in the power struggle in Tidore. This research uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic research type. Pierre Bourdieu's theory is used to analyze political phenomena in the power struggle in Tidore. The research findings show that "toma loa se banari "philosophy is one of the important elements in the victory of elite in local leader election. Moreover, clan mobilization in communal society in Tidore is very influential for the victory of the leader since the majority of voters are cultural people who are submissive and obedient to Tidore's local wisdom values. The hope for democracy in the future is that the values of local wisdom will continue to exist in creating the quality of democracy at the local level.


The objective of the present study is to elaborate a proposal of socially responsible practices aimed at the clients of a Mexican business whose commercial activity is the elaboration of products for animal nutrition and which does not at present have a formal CSR approach in their strategy and therefore lacks important competitive advantages for operating in the business market today. A literary revision in which the evolution of CSR was presented was carried out as part of this research. We also analyzed three main models for managing CSR in organizations and made a description of some empiric studies of CSR aimed at clients. In the development of the methodology a case study was used, resulting in a diagnosis of the situation of the business with respect to CSR along with a plan for improvement which contains the socially responsible practice proposals suggested in order to create a value relationship with this particular interest group. It is important to point out that we worked together with the members of the marketing department of the business under study, because it is attending to the needs of the clients, making the employees experience very valuable in determining proposed practices. The results of this research were intended to contribute empirical evidence about the application of CSR in the organizational strategies of emerging-market countries, while increasing existing CSR research in Mexican national industries.


The changing of activity of peroxidase isoenzymes in Crataegus
pinnatifidavar.majer infection by witches'broom agent(MLO)was studied.The result showedthat
the activities of peroxidase isozymes in the diseased plants were weaker than those of
thehealthy plants,and the site of enzyme bands is different.The changing of the activity of
per-oxidase isozyme in the diseased gradations is contrary to the degree of diseased
symptom,theheavier the diseased symptom,the weaker the enzyme activity.


The magnetic after-effect of initial reluctivity in an amorphous Fe73Al5Ga2P10C5B4Si1 alloy has been investigated by isochronal as well as isothermal measurements. The relaxation intensity is lower than in simpler Fe-based amorphous alloys prepared by rapid quenching methods. This is produced by reduced free volume quenched within the sample during manufacturing and by strong chemical bonds between metalloid atoms and atoms improving the glass-forming ability of the alloy. Changes of pre-exponential factor indicate large changes of amorphous structure after different heat treatments. Different relaxation mechanisms are identified in the samples, reorientation of atom pair axes and short-range metalloid migrations leading to homogenization of the structure and reduction of the free volumes. The most probable activation energy Q* and pre-exponential factor τ0 are lowest for as-prepared samples: Q* = 1.42 eV and τ0 = 3 × 10−16 s. Both these quantities increase after annealing and slow cooling to Q* = 1.79 eV and τ0 = 2 × 10−15 s. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In our previous review published in 2017 on the Zika virus pandemic sweeping the Western World, we mentioned that understanding viral pandemics and vaccine preparedness is vital to combating new outbreaks. In this review, we discuss key updated aspects of the Zika virus in terms of its origin, present status, and prognosis. We also discuss developments in the preventive measure of designing a vaccine to limit the fatal effects of the virus in its current or mutated form. By summarizing updated knowledge of the Zika virus and its effects, we aim to understand how modern technology may help in this objective and how we can apply our knowledge to help mitigate the crises caused by other deadly viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


One of the psychological developments that occur when the preschool child (4-6 years) is the emergence of a desire to take care of himself or the so called independent. Changes in life from time to time also change the environment and behavior of children. Children often get facilities excess from parents so that children are less independent in solving a problem. Excess facility is often referred to as a helicopter parenting, where the child always gets the best from parents. Children are not given the opportunity to solve their own problems. This condition is often found in some children in Indonesia, especially in urban areas. Learning independence of children who have the potential to be developed in Indonesia is through the boardgame media. Boardgame in Indonesia began to be favored by the community, but the level of enthusiasm of society is still lacking. Meanwhile, boardgame about develop of attitude for pre-school children is still rarely be found. But the boardgame in Indonesia is increasingly growing lately, so it is h potential to serve as medium for the development independence of child self-reliance. Based on the results of the research, children aged 4-6 years implement an independent attitude through daily activities, both at school and at home. Therefore, the concept of boardgame design is the theme of daily activities of children. In addition to training child self-reliance, the design of this boardgame also trains the development of other characters. The method in research this boardgame uses an descriptive method, which done through search process of articles, news, observation, and interview.The result of this research is to know the extent of independence and to stimulate the development of preschooler self-reliance through boardgame media.


Disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is measured by multiple measures including metrology, radiology, laboratory, functioning, and disability1. Spinal mobility assessment is advantageous, as loss of mobility can be an early feature and is utilized for classification criteria2. Loss of spinal mobility has also been reported to be a prognostic factor3. Significant therapeutic advances have changed the way that patients with AS are treated and have shown the potential for disease modification4. The Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) group has recommended that spinal mobility measures be used as part of the disease controlling antirheumatic therapy criteria5. Over the past 50 years, multiple spinal mobility measures and composite scoring systems have been developed and are available for clinical application. Frequently these measurements have not been standardized or assessed for reliability, validity, or sensitivity to change6. Moreover, performance of some measures is time-consuming and may not be feasible in clinical practice. Therefore the goal would be to identify a minimum number of individual clinically appropriate measures to accurately assess the axial manifestation of disease. The purpose of this review is to assess the measures that have been used to assess spinal disease in terms of their validity and conformity with the OMERACT filter.


The Australian over-the-horizon radar network is undergoing a series of evolutionary enhancements primarily based on software and general purpose computing upgrades. This upgrade process is particularly unique in the degree of performance improvement being made available to the radars after they are operational, and continues a long history of Australian investment in incremental improvements to in-service over-the-horizon radars. This paper outlines the areas of enhancements, summarises the effects of the enhancements on the maintenance and support aspects of the radar network, and outlines the project management approaches used to execute the upgrades.


where g (x, t), g : Ω× [0,∞) → [0,∞), is a Carathéodory function, convex and increasing with respect to the gradient variable t ∈ [0,∞). We allow x−dependence, which turns out to be a relevant difference with respect to the autonomous case and not only a technical perturbation. Our assumptions allow us to consider both fast and slow growth. We allow fast growth even of exponential type; and slow growth, for instance of Orlicztype with energy-integrands such as g (x, |Du|) = |Du| log(1 + |Du|) or, when n = 2, 3, even asymptotic linear growth with energy integrands of the type g (x, |Du|) = |Du| − a (x) √


We explore the possibility of introducing the special relativity to undergraduate students by restricting the relativity principle to Maxwell's equations in vacuum. By making some hypothesis of simplicity, we obtain the transformation equations for the electric and magnetic fields among equivalent observers. Later, the transformation equations for the charge and current density are found and, finally, the Lorentz transformations. What is left is to extend the relativity principle to all physical phenomena.


Specific sets of structural elements are often taken as the criteria for assessing students' argumentative abilities and designing curriculum or teaching strategies that promote classroom argumentations. In this paper, we take issue with such oversimplified, research paradigm, arguing for the necessity of examining students' argumentative practices as rooted in the complex, evolving system of classroom. Employing a sociocultural-historical lens, we illustrated through close discourse analysis how a high school biology class continuously builds up affordances and constraints for their argumentation practices through interactions. Whether argumentative conversations can take place in certain situations and sustain, and how the teacher and students participate in it have much to do with the learning goals, norms, teacher-student relationships and epistemic stances constructed overtime. Based on such findings, we suggested that the field should consider promoting classroom scientific argumentation as a long-term process, requiring supportive resources to be developed through continuous interactions.


A generalization of the Sturm Comparison Theorem is given to second order linear systems. In addition, an analogue to Stemnberg disconjugacy criterion for nonselfadjoint second order linear systems is given.


The future of automated driving in urban areas will most probably rely on highly accurate road maps. However, the necessary precision of a localization in such maps has so far only been reached using extra, sensor specific feature layers for localization. In this paper we want to show that it is possible to achieve sufficient accuracy without a separate localization layer. Instead, elements are used that are already contained in high-resolution road maps, such as markings and road borders. For this, we introduce a modular approach in which detections from different detection algorithms are associated with elements in the map and then fused to an absolute pose using an Unscented Kalman Filter. We evaluate our approach using a sensor setup that employs a stereo camera, vehicle odometry and a low-cost GNSS module on a 5km test route covering both narrow urban roads and multi-lane main roads under varying weather conditions. The results show that this approach is capable to be used for highly automated driving, showing an accuracy of 0.08m in typical road scenarios and a is available 98% of the time.


The incidence of paediatric head injury is growing larger day by day due to various reasons in this era of mechanisation. We tried to evaluate the various aspects of head injury in children like incidence, severity, its clinical and radiological correlation, fatality and outcome etc. in our Institute IPGME&R, Kolkata. One third of total head injured patients were in paediatric age group in our study and it was evident that early evaluation of the injured child with CT scan and referral to neurosurgical centre can save many lives.


Modelling the frequency of occurrence of tropical cyclones is an important step in assessing risk with a view toward mitigating their adverse impacts The Poisson model was evaluated for modelling the frequency of tropical cyclones over and around Trinidad and Tobago's area of influence by statistically analysing a data series extracted from the Atlantic HURDAT2 count time series data for the period 1851 to 2014. This was tested for serial correlation and the residuals of a Poisson regression analysis. Both tests failed to detect the presence of trends or cycles thereby indicating that the data series is random. The Poisson model was subsequently fitted to the data. It was concluded that there has been no increasing trend in the frequency of tropical cyclones. Therefore, widespread claims of an increasing trend in the frequency of tropical cyclones in Trinidad and Tobago's area of influence have no valid empirical basis. The Poisson model is recommended for estimating the probabilities of occurrence of tropical cyclones.


General treatment of urolithiasis is yielding to specific agents for particular types of kidney stones. Last December, the Food and Drug Administration approved sodium cellulose phosphate (SCP) for the treatment of one type of calcium stone. Last month, it approved acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) for prevention of so-called struvite stones. Now a third agent— potassium citrate, which inhibits the formation of stones associated with abnormally low urinary levels of citrate—is waiting in the wings for approval. All three of these agents are classified as "orphan drugs"; that is, drugs needed by so few patients that most pharmaceutical companies will not go to the trouble and expense of ushering them through the FDA's approval procedures. In addition, the three agents suffer another disadvantage: Since they are standard chemical compounds, they cannot be patented. Thus, until the Orphan Drug Act became law earlier this year, a company that had obtained approval for such


Examining the role of national capital cities in the imagination and practice of nationalism and nationalisation, this article explores contemporary national Anzac Day commemorations and Australia Day Live as spectacular events marking national days in and of the space of Canberra as the national capital of Australia. After situating these two events in the context of contemporary trends in the governance of national capitals and the two national days that they mark, the article in turn explores how the place of Canberra is mobilised and reproduced by these events as a stage, and the content of these events as moments in the politics of recognition within the Australian national mythscape.


Background— Prior studies indicated that ablation of the 4 major atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) suppressed atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results— Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) made of Fe3O4 (core), thermoresponsive polymeric hydrogel (shell), and neurotoxic agent (N-isopropylacrylamide monomer [NIPA-M]) were synthesized. In 23 dogs, a right thoracotomy exposed the anterior right GP (ARGP) and inferior right GP (IRGP). The sinus rate and ventricular rate slowing responses to high-frequency stimulation (20 Hz, 0.1 ms) were used as the surrogate for the ARGP and IRGP functions, respectively. In 6 dogs, MNPs carrying 0.4 mg NIPA-M were injected into the ARGP. In 4 other dogs, a cylindrical magnet (2600 G) was placed epicardially on the IRGP. MNPs carrying 0.8 mg NIPA-M were then infused into the circumflex artery supplying the IRGP. The hydrogel shell reliably contracted in vitro at temperatures ≥37°C, releasing NIPA-M. MNPs injected into the ARGP suppressed high-frequency stimulation–induced sinus rate slowing response (40±8% at baseline; 21±9% at 2 hours; P=0.006). The lowest voltage of ARGP high-frequency stimulation inducing atrial fibrillation was increased from 5.9±0.8 V (baseline) to 10.2±0.9 V (2 hours; P=0.009). Intracoronary infusion of MNPs suppressed the IRGP but not ARGP function (ventricular rate slowing: 57±8% at baseline, 20±8% at 2 hours; P=0.002; sinus rate slowing: 31±7% at baseline, 33±8% at 2 hours; P=0.604). Prussian Blue staining revealed MNP aggregates only in the IRGP, not the ARGP. Conclusions— Intravascularly administered MNPs carrying NIPA-M can be magnetically targeted to the IRGP and reduce GP activity presumably by the subsequent release of NIPA-M. This novel targeted drug delivery system can be used intravascularly for targeted autonomic denervation.


Understanding sex-specific genetic variance for fitness is of fundamental importance to our understanding of evolution. This thesis presents the findings of empirical investigations into sex-specif ...


For the experimental device for testing sensitive galvanometer,we study sensitivity and internal resistance of sensitive galvanometer by the method of isogonics and Spss,introducing Spss curve estimation to analyze experimental dat.After that,calibration curve among resistance compound amount,resistance ratio,cursor deflection,and voltage compound amount is obtained.In addition,we testified the linear relationship between compound amount and comprehensive amount,so calibrate sensitivity and internal resistance of sensitive galvanometer.We analyze and evaluate the experiment data with the uncertainty confidence probability of 95%.It's shown that we gain reasonable experiment result.