Background&Significance: Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) is a malignant disease of a primitive haematological cell, characterised by inappropriate expansion of myeloid cells. Although the disease is readily controlled by Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approximately one third of patients will eventually fail treatment. And we believed it corresponds to insensitive leukemia stem cells(LSCs) with unresponsive genes to the kinase inhibitors in CML and mutation of Bcr-Abl. 5-lipoxygenase gene(Alox5) was proved as a novel therapeutic target in cancer stem cells of CML. It encodes a member of the lipoxygenase gene family and plays a role in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Without Alox5, Bcr-Abl fails to induce CML in mice due to the impairments of the functions of LSCs. However, recent report suggest that Alox5 regulation may not be important for the development of CML in human. Interestingly, we found specific upregulation of Alox5 in CML patients with strongly positive expression of p210 in mRNA level, including the patients primary diagnosed as CML and who suffered in relapse for TKI resistance. Therefore, we characterized the function and regulation of Alox5 in TKI-resistant CML.

Results: Firstly, we verified the upregulation of Alox5 by real-time PCR on sorted human CML progenitor populations with strongly positive expression of Bcr-Abl(p210), but not on CML patients obtained remission after treatment of TKI. To evaluate the function and regulation of Alox5, we silenced Alox5 by siRNA and chemical inhibitior in human CML cell lines K562, its TKI-resistant cell lines K562R, murine CML cell lines BaF3wild, and its TKI-resistant cell line BaF3T315I. As a result, the apoptotic rate induced by Alox5 inhibition alone in K562 and BaF3wild cells was lower than by TKI. Conversely, blockage of Alox5 in BaF3T315I cells caused increasingly apoptotic rate, which was higher than imatinib treatment. To further study if Alox5 could play an important role in impairing leukemia stem cells in CML, we cultured LSCs(Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1+) derived from CML patients with Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation in the presence of Alox5 inhibitor or imatinib alone. For 24h treatment, obvious apoptosis was observed in cells cultured with Zileuton, a kind of Alox5 inhibitor, but not in cells cultured with imatinib. Therefore, apoptosis related genes were detected, significant downregulation of Bcl-2 was found compared to in LSCs without Alox5 knockouted. In addition, downregulation of Alox5 followed Bcr-Abl inhibition in CML, we hypothesised that Alox5 was a downstream of Bcr-Abl, genomic array was used to uncover the signaling pathway connected Alox5 with Bcr-Abl. The results shown us that PKC-β was significantly downregulated when Bcr-Abl was inactivated by TKI. Selectivly inhibited PKC-β could decreased Alox5 expression in mRNA level. As for this mechanism, we found p38/MAPK signaling pathway mediated regulation of Alox5 by PKC-β. Next, we evaluated the in vivo anti-CML effect of Alox5 inhibition with a xenograft mice model. Two weeks after the transplantation of human CML cells with mutant Bcr-Abl-T315I(n=12). NOD/SCID/IL2Rg-KO(KOG) mice were treated with normal saline, 10mg/kg Zileuton or imatinib intraperitoneally on everyday schedule. At first, we confirmed that Zileuton doesn't affect normal hematopoiesis(n=3), but eventually inhibite LSCs growth(n=3). Eight to ten weeks after the transplantation, the frequencies of human CD45+ CML cells and LSCs were significantly reduced by Zileuton treatment in bone marrow((BM) of the recipient mice compared with normal saline-treated control mice and imatinib treated mice, indicating that Alox5 inhibition can inhibit the survival of CML-T315I mutant cells and LSCs in vivo.

Conclusion: Together, these results suggest that Alox5 would be a potent therapeutic target on overcoming TKI-resistance involved in Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We report on the first passively mode-locked femtosecond-laser operation of a disordered Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 crystal using a SEmiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM). Pumping with a single-transverse mode fiber-coupled laser diode at 976 nm, nearly Fourier-transform-limited pulses as short as 96 fs are generated at 1045 nm with an average output power of 205 mW and a pulse repetition rate of ~67.3 MHz. In the continuous-wave regime, high slope efficiency up to 59.2% and low laser thresholds down to 25 mW are obtained. Continuous wavelength tuning between 1006–1074 nm (a tuning range of 68 nm) is demonstrated. Yb:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 crystals are promising for the development of ultrafast lasers at ~1 μm.


The objective was to compare the clinical competence of nurse graduates of two curricula tracts. At the time of the study Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC) had an innovative skillslab-integrated curriculum for Kenya registered community health nurses trained in Nairobi and a traditional lecture-based curriculum for those trained elsewhere. 288 nurse graduates were recruited for the study. Two clinical skills were randomly selected for evidence-based performance. Indicators of competence were identified through Delphi study. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from Ministries of Health and Education and joint University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee. Data were collected through evidence-based performance, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Data input and analysis were done using Excel Version 2003-97. There was significant difference (_2=65.988, p<0.001) in performance between graduates of the two methodologies. Those of the skillslab-b...


A surface processing method that combines electrostatic deposition of microparticles and dry etching is utilized to modify the surface topography of silicon surfaces to reduce adhesion and friction force. Microscale adhesion and friction tests were conducted on flat (smooth) and processed silicon surfaces with a low elastic modulus thermoplastic rubber (Santoprene) probe that allowed a large enough contact area to observe the feature size effect. Both adhesion and friction force of the processed surfaces were reduced comparing to that of the flat surfaces.


Elastic differential cross sections of [sup 11]Li on a proton target recently observed at [ital E][sub lab]/[ital A]=62 MeV are analyzed in a ([sup 9]Li+[ital n]+[ital n])-[ital p] four-body model to take the halo structure of [sup 11]Li into consideration. The eikonal and adiabatic approximations are employed to derive the optical potential that includes the breakup effect of halo neutrons to continuum states. It is shown that both the breakup of [sup 11]Li and the exchange force of the [ital n]-[ital p] interaction lead to the reduced cross sections that are in satisfactory agreement with experiment with no adjustable parameters.


Early attempts to establish intrahepatic portal– systemic shunts in the dog [1] and in man [2] were unsuccessful because the balloon-dilated tract between the hepatic and portal veins did not remain patent. The use of a Palmaz expandable stent allowed maintenance of shunt patency and thus the implantation of a metallic stent between an intrahepatic branch of the portal vein and the hepatic vein radicle [3–5] (Fig. 1).


Introduction: Cough is an essential defensive reflex, however excessive/chronic cough is a problematic symptom of respiratory diseases. We have previously shown that inhaled LABA can attenuate cough responses by suppressing airway sensory nerves. As LABAs are commonly prescribed to asthmatic patients where coughing persists, we hypothesised that this beneficial property may be lost due to tachyphylaxis as seen in airway smooth muscle (ASM) (Finney et al, BJP, 2001). Methods: Guinea pigs were treated with inhaled vehicle/formoterol (3μg/ml, 10 min) b.i.d. for 7 days. On day 8 inhaled vehicle/formoterol was administered 1h prior to assessments. Formoterol ASM relaxation was assessed on tracheal segments. Formoterol anti-tussive activity was assessed on capsaicin-evoked cough in vivo, & capsaicin-induced vagus nerve depolarisation in vitro. Results: Formoterol relaxation of ASM was reduced in tissues from animals chronically dosed with LABA, indicating tachyphylaxis of the β2-adrenoreceptor (β2A) (Fig. 1a). Formoterol inhibition of cough and sensory nerve activation was not altered (Fig.1b/c), suggesting β2A on nerves was not desensitised. Conclusions: As reported by others in pre-clinical systems & observed clinically, prolonged LABA dosing can lead to β2A tachyphylaxis on ASM and reduced bronchodilator effectiveness. In this study, it appeared that the impact of LABAs on airway sensory nerves was not altered by chronic treatment.


Sigmoidoscopy could aid in the control of large bowel cancer by early detection of the 55% of colorectal cancers that develop in the rectosigmoid and by the identification and eradication of significant rectosigmoid adenomas. Rigid sigmoidoscopy has had poor patient acceptance and therefore has not been successful. The present study is a prospective randomized trial to evaluate patient response to flexible as compared with rigid sigmoidoscopy. Patients reported significantly less discomfort (10.1% versus 29.7%), anxiety (9.8% versus 27.6%) and embarrassment (5.2% versus 12.8%) during flexible as compared with rigid sigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy appears to have better patient acceptance than rigid sigmoidoscopy (P < 0.01). This could enhance its value as a cancer‐control instrument. This article addresses the feasibility of sigmoidoscopy. Its validity also needs to be addressed within the framework of a long‐term trial, evaluating mortality for rectosigmoid cancer.


Nano Ni-Si_3N_(4-x) composite layer was prepared by ultrasonic - electrodepositing method, and the mechanism and technology of ultrasonic - electrodepositing nano composite layer were studied. Main investigation concentrated on the mechanical disturbance effect and cavitation of ultrasonic wave, and the effects of pulse current on controlling reunion of nanoparticles, nucleation and growth of grains. Results show that the reunion of nanoparticles may be restrained by introducing moderate ultrason ic wave. The mass-transfer efficiency of electrolyte is raised, the co - deposition of nanoparticles and metal ions is accelerated, the nanoparticles are well distributed in composite layer as a strength ening phase, the nucleation multiplication of matrix metal is en hanced and the crystalline growth is hindered by combining ultra sonic wave with high frequency and narrow-width pulse current. The nano Ni - Si_3 N_(4-x) composite layer consisted of nanocrystalline nickel (20 -60 nm) and nano Si_3N_(4-x)particles is obtained.


An intelligent inducing ventilating control system of underground garage was composed of many inducing ventilating controllers, RS-485 communication network and PC monitor modules. The hardware design and software realization of the system were introduced in detail. The control system had been put into using presently and achieved anticipative effect.


This project focuses on the issues involved in wireless transmission of video data and addresses two main issues: video compression and quality of service. The report describes the research experiment, analysis, and results. Researchers compared several compression techniques that are commercially available and recommended wavelet-based compression technique for video compression and network prioritization for issues related to quality of service.


In this paper we introduce a technique for modelling the distributed amplifier (DA) and in particular, the Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) based DA. This modelling takes into account all feedback and parasitic elements associated with the HBT. Simulations of DAs based on our model and existing models are compared to those of the full DA. Results indicate that our model shows significant improvement over current models.


The objective of this paper is to analyze the causes and antecedents that have contributed to the fact that, in Argentina, the office of Ombudsman remains vacant. Likewise, the normative origins of the organ are reviewed, in order to understand its value and democratic mission. In the ruling entitled Center for Studies for the Promotion of Equality and Solidarity and Others and the Ministry of Energy and Mining under Collective Protection (Centro de Estudios para la Promocion de la Igualdad y la Solidaridad y otros c/ Ministerio de Energia y Mineria s/ amparo colectivo), issued on August 18, 2016, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation exhorted the Congress of the Nation to appoint an Ombudsman in accordance with the provisions conferred on it by article 86 of the National Constitution. The Court's decision exposed a long-standing legal problem: the absence of an Ombudsman.


This paper examines the implementation of an urban environmental management process in Ismailia, Egypt within the context of what can be termed the "new urban agendas" that emerged in recent years which stress the need to combine economic, social and environmental goals and to involve all actors within a city in defining and implementing solutions. The paper also suggests factors that are important for effective urban management in all cities.


Ad-hoc networks establish communication in improvised environments without requiring any fixed infrastructure. These networks are inherently prone to security attacks, with node mobility being the primary cause in allowing security breaches. Therefore secure routing is a must for such networks. A number of secure routing protocols based on trust have recently been proposed. However, all these protocols use the traditional route discovery model, where a node drops RREQ packet if its own ID is in the source route of the packet, or if it has previously processed the packet. A misbehaving node takes advantage of this vulnerability and forwards the RREQ fast, so that the RREQ received from other nodes are dropped and the path discovered includes itself (the misbehaving node). In this paper, we present a unique trust based method which is not vulnerable to this behavior. In our method, each node broadcasts a RREQ packet if it is received from different neighbors. A secure and efficient route to the destination is calculated as a weighted average of the trust value of the nodes in the route, with respect to its behavior observed by its neighboring nodes and the number of nodes in the route. We evaluate the misbehaving node detection rate and the efficiency of our method along a number of parameters. Results show that our method increases the throughput of the network while discovering a secure route.


A new technology by using of CO_2 steel-making was proposed to prepare and heat the circulation coal-gas for oxygen blast furnace,which eradicated the issues of CO_2 desorption and carbon precipitation in heating process.The effects of coal-gas as well as molten iron composition on steel-making process were discussed through computation in thermodynamics,and rational solution on processing coal-gas was proposed.The steel-making reactions in CO_2 are strongly endothermic on the whole,thus,heat source needs to be provided in steel-making process.The removal limit of carbon in molten iron is below 0.02%,and removal ratio of which exceeds 99%in the temperature range of steel-making,when top coal-gas of oxygen blast furnace is used as oxidant.The capacity and composition of coal-gas modification are influenced by chemical composition of molten iron,and the content of carbon is dominant.The requirements on volume and temperature of circulation coal-gas are met through combining processes of steel-making by CO_2 and pressure-swing adsorption.


T he landmark findings of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) have not only demonstrated that endarterectomy can reduce the incidence of stroke'; they have also provided indirect proof that tightly stenotic, symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic lesions cause brain infarction. The mechanism(s) of infarction due to carotid atherosclerotic lesions remains speculative. If the transformation of asymptomatic to symptomatic plaque becomes well understood, then perhaps the "presymptomatic" patient can be better identified and more specific therapies can be offered. One approach to understanding the pathophysiology of infarction from carotid artery disease is to examine plaques removed from patients with and without ischemic neurological symptoms. Differences between the two groups of plaques might then be used to help identify the presymptomatic patient. The ongoing NASCET study and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS)2 offer a unique opportunity to analyze such differences. The NASCET-ACAS Plaque Project has therefore evolved into a multi-institutional cooperative study for the purpose of systematically comparing carotid artery plaques surgically removed from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.


Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on myocardial hypertrophy in rats with abdominal aortic coarctation.Methods Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to following treatment groups:(1)sham-operated,(2)aortic banding,(3)aortic banding+ angiotensin-(1-7).One day after surgery,intravenous infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) (25 μg·kg -1·h -1) or saline was started by minipump.Four weeks after treatment,carotid artery systolic and diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,plasma angiotensinⅡand myocardial angiotensinⅡlevels were measured,ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight(LVW/BW) and myocardial collagen volume fraction(CVF) were determined.Results Abdominal aortic banding resulted in significant increase in carotid artery systolic and diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,myocardial angiotensinⅡlevel,LVW/BW and CVF.Angiotensin-(1-7) significantly attenuated aortic banding-induced increase in LVW/BW and CVF,but it had no effect on aortic banding-induced increase in blood pressure,heart rate and myocardial angiotensinⅡlevel.Conclusion In male rats,angiotensin-(1-7) can attenuate myocardial hypertrophy induced by aortic banding.


The Uruguay round of GATT negotiations is working towards the reduction of agricultural subsidies. In addition, the United States and Canada have agreed to freer trade in grains if the respective subsidy levels become equalized in the two countries. This article quantifies the level of income transfers to United States and Canadian grain farmers over a 15 year period. It was found that government support to agriculture was no higher in the mid 1980s than it was in the early 1970s. Transfers have generally been lower for feed grains in the United States than they have been in Canada. The opposite is true for wheat. The equalization of annual subsidies will be difficult to bring about given the extreme differences which exist between the United States and Canadian farm programs.


Abstract VBr2(N3S2)(pyridine)2 is obtained in form of brown-black, moisture sensitive crystals by the reaction of the corresponding chloro complex with trim ethylbrom osilane. The com pound is characterized by its IR spectrum and an X-ray crystal structure determination (1322 observed reflexions, R = 0.077). Crystal data: monoclinic, space group Aba2, Z = 4, a = 1100.3, b = 1480.0, c = 983.3 pm. A molecular structure with a distorted octahedral coordination for the vanadium atoms was found: there are two short VN bonds o f 178 pm with two N atoms o f the planar N3S2 chelate, two long (228 pm) VN(pyridine) bonds trans to the former VN bonds and two bromo ligands.


Omentin, fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4), chemerin and irisin are chemokines whose circulating levels are altered in insulin resistant states. However, there is limited insight into function of these chemokines as well as the potential role of insulin in the modulation of these chemokines. We tested the hypothesis that insulin alters these chemokines by measuring changes in their circulating levels in response to elevated insulin in a group of healthy non-obese subjects. Nine (4 males and 5 females) healthy non-obese (BMI 22.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2) volunteers (27 ± 4 years of age) were enrolled in an IRB-approved clinical trial. Following an overnight fast, all subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure at two physiologically relevant doses of insulin administered in sequence. Subjects received 10 mU/m2/min of insulin for 180 minutes during the low dose period (LD), followed by the high dose period (HD) at 40 mU/m2/min of insulin for an additional 180 minutes. Subjects underwent serial sampling for insulin, omentin, FABP-4, chemerin and irisin at baseline and steady-state of each period of the clamp. Significant (p < 0.01) decreases were observed in omentin and FABP-4 in response to hyperinsulinemia. Chemerin and irisin were measured in 6 subjects. Significant (p < 0.01) decreases were observed in chemerin in response to hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, irisin did not change in response to exogenous insulin. Our results show that hyperinsulinemia suppresses omentin, FABP-4 and chemerin, but not irisin in healthy non-obese humans, suggesting a potential role for insulin in regulating omentin, FABP-4 and chemerin in man. ReSeARCH ARtiCle


Some important factors affecting the environment qualities of urban traffic are equrated through analysis of urban traffic environment system,and its subjection functions are brought forward.The synthtic evaluation model of urban traffic eco-environment is established based on fuzzy operator approach.Empirical study on the environmental quality of four traffic lines in Hefei city proves that this model is practicable.In addition,the model can be used in other cities to evaluate urban traffic environment quality.


The electrical resistivity, magnetization, and magnetoresistance effect have been studied on a series of Zn-doped polycrystalline samples Fe1−xZnxCr2S4 (0⩽x⩽1) with a spinel structure over a wide range of composition and temperature. It is found that the magnetism and magnetoresistance ratio are anomalous, which do not change monotonically with substituting nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions in place of Fe2+ ions. Considering the effect of the applied magnetic field and substitution of Fe2+ by Zn2+ ions on the magnetism and small polarons transport property, the anomalous magnetism and magnetoresistance effect can be explained.


The translational diffusion and flow birefringence of poly[(4,4'-oxydiphenylene)pyromellitic amido acid] in DMF, DMF + LiCl, and 96% sulfuric acid were studied. The rate of degradation of poly(amido acid) molecules in 96% sulfuric acid was estimated from hydrodynamic data obtained at various stages of the hydrolytic degradation of the polymer at room temperature. It was shown that the intrinsic viscosity and intrinsic birefringence simultaneously change in the course of degradation, thereby making it possible to evaluate the optical anisotropy of polymer macromolecules in a sulfuric acid solution under quasi-equilibrium conditions.


The invention discloses a surface elastic wave generator, a transceiver, and a generation method thereof. A surface elastic wave generator may include a substrate. A first conductivity type region is formed in the substrate. A second conductivity type doped region includes at least one doping pattern doped on surface of the first conductivity type region. Through applying reverse bias to junctions between the first conductivity type region and the second conductivity type doped region, a depletion capacitance region is formed. Also, through inputting signal to the first conductivity type region or the second conductivity type doped region, the surface elastic wave is generated on the substrate.


Introduction: The Southwestern shoulder of the Juventae Chasma shows an extensive set of exhumed channels (inverted relief). They represent a fluvial system N-S oriented that has been extensively investigated [1, 2, 3]. This inverted-relief system is basically formed by ribbon-like channels with a few mobile-like channels forming tabular bodies. The shape and general setting of this system is consistent with several other similar instances both on Mars and Earth. The cliff bordering the Juventae Chasma cuts these deposits of this fluvial system. This fact give a unique opportunity to investigate in stratigraphic term the geomorphological features observed in the plain. We report the observations conducted on the upper part of the cliff and put together the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the cropping out in the cliff with the geomorphological evidences of channels observable in plan view (Figs. 1, 2).


the proliferation of 'pseudo-military youth groups' that occurred in many western countries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These groups were not only part of the cult of discipline, training and manliness that grew out of the menace of the coming war in Europe, but were also a reaction to a widely perceived fin-de-siecle 'decadence'. The British Army's poor performance against a force of South African farmers during the Boer War (1899-1902) had provoked much concern that Britain was in a state of decline. Fearing that they were losing their competitive edge in industrial and military affairs and that their populations were deteriorating both physically and morally, western countries like Britain 3 began 'to look to the health, education and moral welfare of the rising generation'. The establishment of uniformed youth groups was one way of dealing with the perceived problem.


Doctors often find it difficult to engage in conversations about end-of-life care. When these conversations prove their most challenging, they can have a profound and lasting effect on the patient and clinician involved. This can create a culture of fear about initiating future conversations. Isolated education programmes can be effective, but often lack sustainability and reach. Initial conversations broaching the subject of end-of-life care tend to be …


Eight promising strains of Cenchrus ciliaria were studied at three different locations i.e. Jodhpur, Pall and Samdari for three consecutive years from 1978 to 1980, for their stability. Although Strains No. 1263 showed average stability in all environments, but high deviations mean square values suggest strengthening of breeding efforts to develop strains with high stability and general adaptability for arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan desert.


The results of ambient vibration tests on 32 steel-framed buildings, conducted to determine their vibration periods are presented. One aim was to compare the measured periods with the period formulas suggested by Iranian Seismic Code (Standard 2800). These formulas are obtained from US codes and their suitability for buildings in Iran cannot be taken for granted, because of differences in construction materials and processes. Tested buildings, in most of the cases, are regular buildings and have different structural systems with numbers of stories between 5 and 27, and were designed according to the provisions in the Code 2800. First and second translational and torsional periods were identified from AVS records. In nearly all of the cases, the measured translational periods fall below the code curve. Although the formula in the 1 edition of the code, which is of the form D / H α , gives period values closer to the measured periods in comparison with formulas of the form β αH in the 2 edition, it was concluded that based on statistical analysis, from the point of view of 'form' it doesn't seem to have considerable and clear privilege over the equation of the form β αH . A comparison with vibration periods of buildings in Japan, obtained from dynamic tests, is also made. The first to second and translational to torsional period ratios were also calculated and discussed.


Section 5 of the Swedish Traffic Crimes Act, requires all persons involved in a traffic accident to remain at the scene of the accident and provide information about the incident. This essay examines whether the obligation to disclose certain information about the incident, may violate the sixth article of the European Convention on human rights and the protection against self-incrimination. According to the protection against self-incrimination, a suspect should never have to contribute to the investigation of his own crime. The European Court of Human Rights has never taken a stand on any provision, which is directly comparable with the fifth section of the Swedish Traffic Crimes Act. However, in the light of the European Court's case law in general, the Swedish provision itself does not violate the protection against self-incrimination. A person may therefore be convicted of leaving the scene of a traffic accident, without the sentence being a violation of the accused's rights.

Section 5 of the Swedish Traffic Crimes Act may, however, force intoxicated drivers for an instance, to provide information about what caused the accident. If this information later results in a convicting sentence, it violates the accused's protection against self-incrimination.

This essay has also examined how this conflict of interests has been addressed by Swedish courts. The Supreme Court has not yet ruled on this issue, but the courts of Appeal have discussed the matter in six decisions. The Court of Appeal for Western Sweden argues that the protection against self-incrimination is not applicable in this situation, while Svea Court of Appeal has reached the opposite conclusion.

In my opinion, both the formal and substantive rule of law rests on the court's shoulders, in this case. The inconsistent application of law, damages the predictability and the formal rule of law. If courts were to base a convicting sentence on the enforced information, the substantive rule of law would also be damaged.


Background

Hot-drinks vending machines are disseminated worldwide and millions of drinks are served every day. Because of a lack of studies on hot-drinks related illnesses, the aim of the study is to identify the presence and load of bacterial species, potentially harmful for consumers, within hot-drinks vending machines.

Methods

This preliminary cross sectional study was carried out in April 2015 at the University of Siena, …


Turbulence in the ocean results from many different processes operating over a wide range of time and space scales, with spatial and temporal variability particularly extreme in coastal oceans. If origins and effects of turbulent processes in the ocean are to be understood, it is essential to supplement the small number of accurate measurements of turbulent properties produced by current microprofiler techniques. This talk will discuss a new acoustic large‐eddy technique for estimating turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate e, using measurements of vertical velocity from a specialized Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The method was calibrated against a subset of e profiles taken during a single cruise with now‐standard airfoil probes carried on a free‐fall microprofiler. Without further adjustment of the calibration constant, the large‐eddy acoustic estimates successfully describe the remaining profiler data from the same cruise, as well as data obtained with a different microscale profiler on...


We have proposed an all-optical switch for logic gates application using two-dimensional Photonic Crystal (PC) waveguide based on phase difference between incident beams that is created by point defect. A PC with triangular lattice made using Si dielectric rods in the air is used as the main structure of the device. Our proposed devices are XOR and OR logic gates. We have shown if initial phase difference between two inputs is π then they interfere destructively to realize the logical functions. This optical gate has many advantages than electrical logic gates such as low power consumption, high speed about light velocity and simple structure. This device is applicable in frequency range 0.44-0.46 (a/λ), but we use frequency a/λ=0.452 for low dispersion and set the lambda to 1.55 µm. The plane wave expansion method (PWE) is used to photonic band gap (PBG) calculation, and finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) is used to compute the electrical field distribution in the photonic devices. The designed gates can be used in the photonic integrated circuits (PIC).


Objective To evaluate the effects of the fenofibrate on glucose and lipids metabolism and beta cell function in high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice.Methods Male high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice selected by insulin tolerance test(ITT) were divided into two groups,model group was orally administered by gavage with water,fenofibrate group at a dose of 100 mg·kg-1·d-1for about 8weeks.The C57 healthy mice was as normal group(n = 14).Fasting plasma lipids,glucose,insulin levels were detected at the end of treatment.ITT and hyperglycemic clamp were determined.Pancreas morphology changes and β cell mass were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori stainnings.The changes of mRNA expression in the pancreas were also analyzed by Real-time PCR.Results Fenofibrate significantly improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice.Fasting plasma glucose,triglyceride and insulin levels were decreased increased after 50 days fenofibrate treatment(P 0.01,P 0.05,P 0.05).In addition,pancreatic Ca2 +levels(P 0.05) and activities of ATPase(P 0.01) were also significantly increased after fenofibrate treatment.It was shown that fenofibrate up-regulated the pancreatic mRNA expression of PDX1,INS1 and PKB(P 0.01,P 0.05,P 0.01).Moreover,the mRNA expression of RYR3 and SERCA2 associated with calcium ions release were increased in fenofibrate group(P 0.001,P 0.01).Conclusion These results indicated that chronic administration of fenofibrate improved dyslipidemia and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice,which is related to up-regulation of the pancreatic expression of some factors,which involved in insulin biosynthesis and calcium release.


Surface crystallisation studies in AgI-Ag 2 O-P 2 O 5 glasses are reported. It was found that AgI concentration, the molar ratio η=[Ag 2 O]/[P 2 O 5 ] and the thermal history of the glass all affect the crystallisation process. Surface crystalline precipitates are already present in as prepared glasses with a high total concentration of silver iodide dopant. Annealing at elevated temperatures prompts surface crystallisation but the course of the process depends on temperature and annealing time. The kinetics of the surface crystallisation can be described by the classical model of Kolmogorov, Johnson, Mehl and Avrami (KJMA) for kinetics of nucleation and growth of a foreign phase in a given matrix.


With the professional article of insurance policy understood difficultly,apopular insurance policy appears in time.Being an emerging new thing,there are a lot of matters such as insurance policy with spoken language,cost rising and the poor service of insurance agents in Chinese insurance industry.In order to improve the current insurance policy,we should develop law of insurance,and should study successful foreign experience and should improve the service of insurance agents.


HE formal requirements of stable order in the world are for a universal body of symbols and practices sustaining an 6lite which propagates itself by peaceful methods and wields a monopoly of coercion which it is rarely necessary to apply to the uttermost.Ia This means that the consensus on which order is based is necessarily non-rational; the world-myth must be taken for granted by most .of the population. The capacity of the generality of mankind to disembarrass themselves of the dominant legends of their early years is negligible, and if we pose to ourselves the problem of unifying the world, we must seek for the processes by which a nonrational consensus can be most expeditiously achieved. This means that we as thinkers must pass by the thought-inspirited suggestions of world-unity and peace through international bonds whose continued value would depend upon the maintenance of international organization, through extension of the mandate system of the League, through monopolies upon indispensable health means, like "insulin," or indispensable transport means, like railways or airplanes. Regretfully, it may be, but advisedly, we must turn our backs upon such easily elaborated suggestions, and concentrate upon the problem of inventing myths less costly to vested interests but more destructive of those vested interests in the long run. In concentering attention upon the problem of the myth, however, we shall do well to remember that solidarity through myth implies at bottom a


Transmit diversity has been shown to be an efficient method to improve system performance without the increase of the mobile terminal complexity in wireless communications. The impact of propagation time difference between transmit antennas on the performance of a transmit diversity scheme has been studied under a Rayleigh fading channel. It has been shown that the performance of transmit diversity degrades significantly when the propagation time difference increases.


Mary Robinson's essay on the "Present State of the Manners and Society of the Metropolis," published in the Monthly Magazine in 1800, is read as a significant statement on the status of print culture and the free press at the turn of the nineteenth century. Suggesting that Robinson's "Metropolis" essay may have been an catalyst for (or at the very least an counterargument to) Wordsworth's Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. this essay traces one possible genealogy of "Metropolis" and its influence through different periodicals, genres, and even au t h m (in its pirated versions). "Metropolis" is characteristic of Robinson's later prose works in its engagement with radical print culture and its championing of the free press, particularly in reformist periodicals like the Monthly Magazine and newspapers like the Morning Post.


The efficiency and performance of the oil dewaxing unit depends not only on the physicochemical properties of the raw materials, but also on the equipment's performance. Maintaining equipment in working condition and preventing premature failures are basic principles in operating equip- ment. Since complex equipment is used for crystallization processes, increasing reliability is important for the oil refining industry. Considered scraper crystallizer is a pipe in pipe heat exchanger with internal scraper devices. The advantages of this equipment are the developed heat exchange surface, continuous operation mode, ease of regulation of the operating mode, the possibility of the process with minor supercooling of the separating mixture. Crystallizers are horizontal pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers. The inner tube is equipped with a rotating shaft with metal scrapers to remove the paraffin layer from the pipe walls. The solution of the dewaxed raw material is pumped through the internal tubes, and the refrigerant (ammonia, propane, ethane or cold filtrate) is countercurrent through the annular space. Practice shows that the repair of a scraper crystallizer of the «pipe in pipe» type is a complex process that requires substantial expenses, both for capital and for physical strength of workers. Repair schedule complicates equipment failures due to premature wear of components. The failure of one crystallizer reduces the installation load by 10-15 %, which in turn affects the final production of oils. This article describes the principle of operation and the types of failures to the components of the scraper crystallizer; analysis of the replacement of worn parts, failures of crystallizers, and examples of worn parts. As a result of analyzing the data of parts replacement during of scraper crystal- lizers repairs collected over many years of operation, it was concluded that the most susceptible to wear of the crystallizers' parts are scrapers and tee bearings, the premature wear of which is in most cases are root causes of the equipment failure.


The design and application of advanced composites is discussed with emphasis on aerospace, aircraft, automotive, marine, and industrial applications. Failure modes in advanced composites are also discussed.


"...a change in the institutional ethos in schools, in which the importance of FLs perceived is shrinking. " As regular readers will know, a recurring theme in these columns of late has been the annual sharp decline in the numbers of students studying FLs at various levels in the UK. This year is no exception, unfortunately, as the figures at GCSE continue to plummet. However, in addition to reporting these trends, we shall also try, as in previous editorials, to suggest ways of tackling the problem. The 2006 survey, carried out by CILT (the National Centre for Languages) with support from the Association for Language Learning and the Independent Schools' Modern Languages Association, is based on responses to a questionnaire sent to a representative sample of 2,000 secondary schools in England (1,576 maintained and 424 independent schools). Similar surveys have been carried out annually since 2002 to explore FLs provision and take-up in schools at Key Stage 4. One of the key findings is that a decreasing number of students are pursuing the study of a foreign language beyond the compulsory age:


It is not well understood why the transmission of HIV may have a small probability of occurrence despite frequent high risk exposures or ongoing contact between members of a discordant couple. We explore the possible contributions made by distributions of system parameters beginning with the standard three-component differential equation model for the growth of a HIV virion population in an infected host in the absence of drug therapy. The overall dynamical behavior of the model is determined by the set of values of six parameters, some of which describe host immune system properties and others which describe virus properties. There may be one or two critical points whose natures play a key role in determining the outcome of infection and in particular whether the HIV population will persist or become extinct. There are two cases which may arise. In the first case, there is only one critical point P1 at biological values and this is an asymptotically stable node. The system ends up with zero virions and so the host becomes HIV-free. In the second case, there are two critical points P1 and P2 at biological values. Here P1 is an unstable saddle point and P2 is an asymptotically stable spiral point with a non-zero virion level. In this case the HIV population persists unless parameters change. We let the parameter values take random values from distributions based on empirical data, but suitably truncated, and determine the probabilities of occurrence of the various combinations of critical points. From these simulations the probability that an HIV infection will persist, across a population, is estimated. It is found that with conservatively estimated distributions of parameters, within the framework of the standard 3-component model, the chances that a within-host HIV population will become extinct is between 0.6% and 6.9%. With less conservative parameter estimates, the probability is estimated to be as high as 24%. The many complicating factors related to the transmission and possible spontaneous elimination of the virus and the need for experimental data to clarify whether transient infections may occur are discussed. More realistic yet complicated higher dimensional models are likely to yield smaller probabilities of extinction.


The measured reflection spectra of two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs consist of an asymmetric peak on top of an oscillating background. For p-polarized light, the asymmetry of the peak flips for angles of incidence beyond Brewster's angle. We explain the observed line shapes with a Fano model that includes loss and use a waveguide model to predict the resonance frequencies of the photonic crystal slab. Finite-difference time domain calculations support the model and show that the resonance due to a higher order mode disappears when the substrate refractive index is increased beyond ns = 2.04. This is readily explained by the cut-off condition of the modes given by the waveguide model.


Abstract Growth and survival of kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile) seedlings planted in forest gaps and in non‐gap micro‐environments were monitored in Kauaeranga valley, near Thames, New Zealand. Seedlings in gaps and on gap edges grew faster than seedlings in darker forest environments. Seedlings protected from vertebrate browsing (mostly possum) grew faster and survived better than unprotected seedlings. Although browse appeared to be the primary cause of mortality, disease and damage from falling debris were also significant.


: 2.4-3.7) cm. Median LOS was 4 (IQR: 3-5) days. The overall rate of complications was 27%, and 4% with Clavien- Dindo > 2. At MVA, after confounders, frailty status represented the strongest predictor of postoperative complications [Odds ratio (OR): 1.45, p < 0.01], compared to CCI > 2 (OR: 1.28, p [ 0.01) or age > 75 (OR: 1.36, p < 0.01). Moreover, when NSQIP-FI was included into the postoperative models predicting complications, the AUC increased from 76 to 82%. The same phenomenon was observed relative to prolonged LOS (AUC from 72 to 79%). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of frail patients undergoing PN is higher than elderly patients ( > 75 years). Moreover, the NSQIP-FI does represent the strongest predictor of adverse outcomes after surgery, namely overall complications and pLOS. In consequence, preoperative assessment of NSQIP-FI allows for a better strati fi cation of surgical risks in patients candidate to kidney surgery and for selecting those patients which may deserve a dedicated geriatric assessment.


This article highlights the aspects of treatment that the GDP needs to be conversant with when referring patients for orthognathic surgery. An overview of the management pathway is also outlined.


ABSTRACT Rismawati, 2016, Teaching Listening by Using Authentic Video as An Audio Visual Aid (An Experimental Study at the Second Grade Students of SMAN 4 Banda Aceh). Thesis, Graduate Program in English Language Education, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Advisors : (I) Dr. Sofyan, A. Gani, MA, (II) Dr. Asnawi, S.Pd, M.Ed Key Words : Teaching Listening, Authentic Video This research aims to investigate the impact of using authentic video as an audio visual aid in teaching listening. It was conducted from October 15, 2015 up to November 19, 2015. The population of this study was the second grade students of State Senior High School 4 (SMAN 4) Banda Aceh, and from this population, two classes were selected as the sample. This research employed the true experimental research with two groups design, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by using authentic video, while the control group by using audio Compact Disc (CD) as the teaching aid often used by the teacher in teaching listening. In collecting the data, the writer used test as the instrument, and in analyzing the data collected, the computer software of Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) was employed. The research finding reveals that the mean score of the post-test of the experimental group, 74,94, is higher than that of the control group, 63.50. Moreover, the scores obtained in this research were analyzed through t-test in order to discover the level of the improvement. It unearths t-test score in experimental group is higher than that in the control group (11.512>4.064). It means that there is a significant difference in students' listening achievement between the experimental and the control groups. The students taught by using authentic video achieved better result in listening than those taught by audio compact disc (CD). As a result, the alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. In terms of the development among the listening sub-skills, it was found that listening for specific information was the most enhanced sub skills. It shows that the students were able to grasp information better after being taught by using authentic video.


The development of technological innovations has led to the diversification of art in terms of its form as an instrument to portray artists? ideas and creativity. Focusing on contemporary art in the twenty-first century, electronic and digital media play a dominant role as well as conventional art forms. From an architectural perspective, shifting media and form affect the design framework of art space in the twenty-first century, which requires further study for suitable criteria. In addition, existing art spaces are outnumbered by the sheer quantity of artworks due to continuous artistic production. Several art spaces counteract this problem by expanding the existing structure to support and respond to the increasing number of artworks. However, the process is facing some difficulty due to limitations to the existing structures and lack of design in support of any future expansion. The research methods included: 1) reviewing the academic documents related to the art space, method of expansion, and case studies based on expansion of art space; and, 2) surveying existing art spaces (local and international) to analyze patterns of exhibition space toward various form of art. According to the survey, if the majority of exhibition spaces are to support contemporary art forms they need further development to improve their existing status, especially flexibility of exhibition space. Therefore, the survey analysis has led to a design proposal using a prefabricated structure, which is suitable to support the future expansion and redesign of exhibition space in becoming more flexible in terms of curating. Finally, this design framework is implemented at the Chiang Mai Media Arts and Design Center (Chiang Mai, Thailand) to study the possibility as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the design proposal. This study will be useful for any future project as a guideline that can be adjusted to each specific site.


In order to formulate an inelastic constitutive equation of polymer matrix composites, back stress in the kinematic hardening creep theory of Malinin and Khadjinsky extended to anisotropic materials is evaluated experimentally under various loading conditions. After brief discussion to evaluate the back stress from experimental results, we perform several tests for tubular specimens under various loading conditions ranging from monotonic loading with step-up change in stress rate to reversal loading in axial and torsional modes. Then the evolution of back stress with respect to the change of viscous strain is calculated for these tests. The stress-strain relations together with back stress-viscous strain relations are simulated also by using Armstrong-Frederick model of kinematic hardening. By comparing the results of Armstrong-Frederick model with those of the corresponding experiments, we discuss characteristics of the evolution of back stress in polymer matrix composites and further elaboration of kinematic hardening rule for the composites.


The consciousness of tragedy originates in human being' knowledge of its limitations. The deficiently of internality, unit be considered as one feature of Greek culture, made the motion force of Greek tragedy extrinsic. It is Christianity changed the extrinsic belief internality. Loftiness and symbolization are two important features of West modern times tragedies. In pale with disappearance of Loftiness and symbolism, the west tragedy faded away.


Social networks are important for tasks such as transmitting information, predicting the outcomes of an event, and predicting new relationships. The link prediction task involves the prediction of new relationships that may be created over time. More formally, suppose we have a social network's snapshot at the current time, we are interested in accurately predicting the edges that are not currently present but will be present after some time has elapsed. A new approach, Nature Inspired using CC-CD, has been proposed in this paper which makes use of node embeddings and closeness centrality. We have used the cosine distances of node embeddings as a proxy of distances and Closeness Centrality as a proxy of masses in Newton's Gravitational Law for prediction of new links.


This paper considers a processing chain for automatically creating high
resolution digital surface models and true ortho-images from aerial and satellite image data. It has been developed at the Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics of the German Aerospace Center (DLR-RM). The processing chain is based on Semi-Global Matching (SGM) that uses a radiometric robust matching cost and an optimization that is based on a global smoothness constraint. SGM is especially suitable for creating models of urban scenes, where sharp depth discontinuities and small details need to be precisely reconstructed. However, the technique also produces very good results in scenes with forest and mountains. In this paper we give an overview of the processing chain and evaluate its results on test data sets from different aerial cameras. It is concluded that SGM permits the creation of high quality surface models that are more accurate and provide much more detail than a surface model from an aerial laser scanner. We also discuss the conditions under which good surface models can be produced by SGM. For very good results, an overlap of 80 % or more along track and 70 % across track should be provided.


rescence spectra (Aex 488 nm) of various cell types were similar and consistent with the spectra of flavins. Calculations of flavin concentration within the cells, based on sorter autofluorescence measurements, were consistent with published flavin concentrations in various tissues. In addition, removal of the predominant fluorescent species from the culture medium did not significantly alter either the spectrum or intensity of neuronal autofluorescence, indicating that the autofluorescence was not due to uptake of medium. Finally, fluorescence and absorption spectra, hydrolysis properties, reduction-oxidation (redox) properties, and thin-layer chromatograms of neuronal homogenates were consistent with the presence of flavins.


Vapor deposited epitaxial films of quaterrylene on (001) of KCl were investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The crystal c-axis is parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surface at a lower and at a higher temperature, respectively. This means that the long axis of the quaterrylene molecule is in the film plane at a lower temperature and becomes perpendicular to it at a higher temperature. High-resolution images revealed the detailed features of an edge dislocation, twin boundaries and small angle grain boundaries. Differing from the normal part of the crystal, the unit cells are deformed and the orientation of molecules are varied from unit cell to unit cell. In addition, solitary molecular columns are seen to occupy empty spaces formed at the dislocation core or at the grain boundaries in order to relax the lattice distortion.


We investigate a basic decentralized caching network with coded prefetching under nonuniform requests and arbitrary file popularities, where a server containing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> files is connected to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> users, each with limited cache memory of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula> files through a shared link. In the decentralized placement phase, the server encodes all files by the maximum distance separable (MDS) codes with different rates, and each user allocates different files with different cache weights, resulting in that each user randomly prefetches the coded subfiles with diverse sizes. In this context, the symmetric delivery in existing decentralized caching networks with coded prefetching cannot be directly applied. To address this problem, we develop an asymmetric delivery procedure for the decentralized caching network with arbitrary MDS code rates and cache weights. Furthermore, we characterize the expected normalized rate induced by the asymmetric delivery using the concept of user grouping and leader set. Following the proposed asymmetric delivery and rate analysis, we derive the exact rate–memory tradeoff for a decentralized two-user and two-file caching network and optimize cache weights to minimize the expected normalized rate. Finally, numerical results corroborate our analytical results in the two-user two-file caching scenario.


A class of on-line algorithms for complex number arithmetic is presented. These algorithms adopt a redundant complex number system (RCNS) to represent complex numbers as a single numbel: Such a scheme simpl$es the spec$cation of the design, and has the additionaleffect thatsingleprecision complex arithmetic can be easily reconfigured for double-precision real arithmetic. We present costx delay comparisons with the more conventional approach to show a significant improvement, demonstrating that the presented algorithms are attractive for VLSI systems demanding complex number operations.


THIS paper had its inception in more modest inquines. undertaken with Captain Hartley, on thc one hand into the normal processes of healing 111 muscle, with some of the features of wbch I had become familiar during years of attention to the processes talung place at the site of the inoculation ofvancer. where muscle is frequently involved


The comments on lishu of the Tang Dynasty are not the same all along. Most of the Song Dynasty were positive,but in the Qing Dynasty the comments honored lishu of the Han Dynasty whereas despised that of the Tang Dynasty.The most honorable standing of Cai Yong's lishu was established in the Tang Dynasty,thus the rights of many inscriptions of the Han and Wei Dynasty were awarded to Cai and Zhong,and Shijing and the inscriptions of Cao of the Wei became the target of copying for the Tangs.There were obvious defects existing behind the flourishing of Tang lishu,which were homoplasy of calligraphy style and weakness of qualities.The Tangs started flourishing lishu,being weighed by history burdens.Facing the confirmed habits,the Tang people's licorice contribution of recovering strength and forming epochal style cannot be obliterated.


Aimed at the question of off-line handwritten Chinese character recognition,this paper provided a parallel integrated method based on multi-layers BP network.The method was a kind of pure multi-classifiers parallel integrated scheme of neural network.After pretreatment,by using elastic mesh transformation and Zernike moment respectively to extract local and global feature.Then two BP network classifiers are applied to train and classify the two features,finally integrated network was used to recognize the outputs of the two sub-networks.This paper did some useful investigation aimed at BP network's application,at the same time,it also provided a feasible approach for BP network at the big sort classification question.Experiment result showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Remote sensing has been used widely in studying the earth terrain such as snow or sea ice due to its fast, convenient and long-term monitoring capabilities. SAR images acquired could be used to analyze the condition of snow, snow water equivalent (SWE), surface roughness and others. Theoretical models have also been developed to understand how microwave interacts with the snow medium and the scatterers embedded inside the medium. Conventionally, spherical shape of scatterers is commonly used to represent the ice particles embedded inside snow where the actual shape of scatterers can vary. This paper is to present a theoretical model based on radiative transfer formulation that utilizes computational electromagnetics in the modelling of scattering from arbitrary shape of scatterers. The paper also studies the effect of scatterer shape on scattering mechanisms and total backscattering coefficient. Numerical solution of Relaxed Hierarchical Equivalent Source Algorithm (RHESA) was integrated with existing radiative transfer theoretical model to simulate a layer of random discrete snow medium. Several shapes of scatterers were simulated, and theoretical simulation were compared with ground truth measurement data with promising results.


Coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm may frequently be together, particularly in elderly patients. Treatment strategies should be tailored according to the needs and specific properties of each patient. Hybrid synchronous procedures may be a choice of therapy in these patients, as well as staged procedures. Herein, we present the first hybrid synchronous case of Turkey to treat two separate cardiovascular pathologies.


Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen in swine respiratory disease and also has potentially play an important role in human respiratory distress. The recombinant protein of the gene encoding hemagglutinin (HA) of the swine influenza virus was expressed in the baculovirus system and characterized. The recombinant protein expressed in the insect cell system showed similar molecular characteristics include cleavage patterns of the HA protein by cellular enzyme. The immunogenicity of the recombinant protein was tested in Balb/c mice and efficacy of the recombinant vaccine was determined followed by nasal exposure of the swine influenza virus which recombinant gene was derived. There was no pathologic changes were observed recombinant protein immunized groups and in mice immunized with BEI inactivated SIV vaccine but severe pneumonic histopathologic changes were noted in mice immunized with insect cells only and control groups. This result indicates that the recombinant HA protein of the SIV is immunogenic and protective in experimental animal model.


The US aged T&D infrastructure is deteriorating. Present inspection techniques are unable to provide below ground diagnostics without going through a costly excavation. ITF has developed a reliable NDE technology for below grade corrosion detection. Through a joint effort of NYPA, ITF, and Osmose, this NDE technology was applied to NYPA transmission towers for below grade inspection, and through actual excavation of these legs, this NDE technique was verified. This paper presents details of this collaborative project and its results.


The analytical expression is derived for the time dependence of the total minority‐carrier content in a semi‐infinite semiconductor slab, after excitation with a delta function light pulse. It is shown that to this end it is sufficient to solve the continuity equation for the minority carriers in one dimension only. This implies that the excitation may have an arbitrary lateral spatial distribution. The photoluminescence, probing the total minority‐carrier content, turns out to be a nonexponential function of time when the surface/interface recombination velocity differs from zero. A practical method is developed to deduce accurate values of the bulk lifetime and the interface recombination velocity from such a nonexponential decay curve, based on a special way of plotting. Moreover, the analytical expressions are derived for the photoluminescence decay in the case of finite slab thicknesses and finite interface recombination velocities. From these results it is evident that only for large ratios (>10) of...


A winding heater controlling circuit is provided to reduce insulation due to moisture and a leakage current by supplying a low voltage to a coil and removing the moisture by generated heat. In a winding heater controlling circuit, a MCU(101) collect data and digital process it. A down transformer(102) downs input voltage, and a rectifier(103) supplies a direct current to the MCU. A phase detector(104) detects a sine wave, and a voltage detecting portion(105) detects an input voltage. A pulse transformer(106) runs SCR, and 7- segment display unit(107) displays a voltage and current in real time. A BCD switch(108) controls the output power.


Understanding the why of culture care differences and similarities among and between cultures would offer explanatory power to support nursing as an academic discipline and practice profession . . . Using the theory, then, could help to establish the nature, essence, meanings, expressions, and forms of human care or caring—a highly unique, credible, reliable, and meaningful body of knowledge for nursing. (Leininger, 1991, p. 35)


The evolution of silicon optical modulators is recalled, from the first effect demonstrations to the characterization of high-performance devices integrated in optical waveguides. Among possibilities to achieve optical modulation in silicon-based materials, the carrier depletion effect has demonstrated good capacities. Carrier depletion in Si and SiGe/Si structures has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Large phase modulation efficiency, low optical loss, and large cutoff frequency are obtained by considering simultaneously optical and electrical structure performances. Integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers and resonators are compared to convert phase modulation into intensity modulation. Finally, recent results on high-speed and low-loss silicon optical modulator using an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer are presented. It is based on a p-doped slit embedded in the intrinsic region of a lateral pin diode integrated in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. This design allows a good overlap between the optical mode and carrier density variations. An insertion loss of 5 dB has been measured with a -3 dB bandwidth of 15 GHz.


In the era of globalisation, where opening of borders is being advocated all over the world, there is one issue over which no nation-state is ready to compromise with its territorial borders. The issue of migration and refugees is considered so sensitive that states have often linked it with their sovereignty, independence and even existence. The problem of migration and refugees between India and Bangladesh started as early as the formation of Pakistan as a separate state in 1947. The endless flow of migrants from erstwhile East Bengal, later East Pakistan and now Bangladesh to India has generated a range of socio-political, economic, ethnic and communal tensions in India; simultaneously it has also embittered the bilateral relations between the two countries. In such situation it becomes unpreventable to look over the issue so that a viable elucidation may emerge. The present paper is an attempt to understand the migration and refugee issue between India and Bangladesh through historical and analytical methods. In this course it will look into the emergence of the refugee problem, its causes, impacts and eventually will come up with a possible roadmap that can suggest a practicable solution to the problem.


At the northern Santa Catarina plateau the local or regional history looks intertwined with the histories of both wooden furniture production and the firm which came to be known as Moveis CIMO. After briefly describing the furniture cluster presently located in that region, the article focuses on the path followed by Moveis CIMO since the beginning of the 20th century, highlighting its stages, the names adopted and its ownership. The product and production process innovations are stressed, manly the development of series production, and particular emphasis is placed on the way the firm ad


Introduction: The main aim of the study was to find out the impact of special coordination training on the level of technical skills in the field of self-defence on a policeman during basic vocational training. Method: The studies used the classical experiment method and the parallel group technique. The study was carried out using the classic experiment with a pre-test (1st measurement) and post-test (2nd measurement), and included the following groups: research (experimental teaching shaping coordination skills) and control (traditional teaching). Results: In both the experimental and traditional training groups, there was an improvement in the rating of defence against each of the three attacks. Simple effects analyses were performed, which showed that the increase in self-defence skills was higher in the experimental training group than in the traditional training group. Conclusions: Experimental training, which takes into account the development of coordination skills in its training, contributes to a better improvement of the ability to repel an attack than traditional training. A higher level of skills in the field of repelling an attack on a policeman allows for the conclusion that without the need to increase the number of hours of program training, it is possible to more effectively prepare policemen to act effectively, adequately and safely during an intervention.


There are objections to the conclusions of a study of adolescent gestational age and birth weight in Rochester New York. At one point in the study the researchers compared full-time pregnancies with preterm pregnancies but provided no evidence that the pattern and rate of weight gain in the 2 groups were similar. Other studies indicate that the rates are different. The researchers should have examined the 2 groups separately because weight gain is tied to fetal nutrition and adolescents nutrient exchange in reduced gestation is not necessarily the same as in full term pregnancies. The techniques for adjusting weight gain for gestational age are based on some unjustified assumptions: the rate would be constant and they used variables (toxemia and urinary tract infection) with very low statistical power in the regression analysis. Besides they did not describe their techniques clearly. They also did not use recent studies to compare their results. Specifically the studies used were finished before we knew about the adverse effects of low weight gain how low weight gain affected the treatment and outcome of pregnancy and changes in lifestyles affecting dietary quality and other environmental factors. Readers should compare the NY study with those of studies published in the last decade and recent recommendations to better understand the complexity of factors affecting gestational weight gain and infant birth weights of adolescents.


corbate treatment in the study patients. Mean duration of therapy was 17 months (range 4 to 24); no side effects were observed during the course of treatment. Criteria for response were defined as follows : complete response: achievement of a normal platelet count (>150 x 10'/L) maintained for at least 2 months on no therapy; partial response: achievement of a platelet count >50 x 10~/L, or a normal platelet count only with continued maintenance treat-


PREVIOUS RESEARCH There is very little information at present available about the prevalence or general epidemiology of alcoholism in Northern Ireland. Traditionally, the Irish have been considered to be excessive consumers of alcoholic drinks. For example, in 1810 the "Belfast Monthly Magazine" felt compelled to complain that, "The cheapness of the poison of ardent spirits is permitted to increase our national vice, and that fondness for intoxication which is unhappily characteristic of our country." The belief that "drunkenness" is characteristic of any one country or that it is an innate weakness of the inhabitants cannot be supported by historical evidence. For example, Trevelyan writes of England in the days of Queen Anne, "Drunkenness was the acknowledged national vice of Englishmen of all classes, though women were not accused of it" (Trevelyan, 1944). It was not until recently that the medical syndrome of alcoholism was differentiated from the more diffuse concept of drunkenness. This makes historical commentaries of even less value in assessing the extent of pathological drinking. Even today, there is very little reliable information about alcoholism either in Northern Ireland or in the Republic of Ireland. Most of the documented evidence about alcoholism in the Irish has been based on immigrants in the United States. The findings have been of great interest and the workers have made much of Irish attitudes and drinking patterns to support socio-cultural theories of the aetiology of alcoholism (Bales, 1946; Myerson, 1952; McCord et al., 1959; Mulford and Miller, 1960; Viney, 1964). It is unfortunate, however, that the high prevalence of alcoholism in Irish immigrants in the United States, and a lack of distinction between heavy social drinking and alcoholism, has lead to the assumption that there is a high prevalence of alcoholism among the Irish living in Ireland. An example of this confusion is illustrated in a recent epidemiological review (Rathod, 1964). Some assessments of the alcoholic problem in Northern Ireland have been made, and within the last few years Grant and Boyd surveyed a small sample of Ulster general practitioners to estimate the number of alcoholics in their practices (Grant and Boyd, 1961 and 1962). For reasons given later the figure obtained (191 alcoholics per 100,000 adults) is probably a gross underestimate. There have been appeals for further research (Grant and Boyd, 1961; Grant,


The TD-CDMA technique is one of the modes assumed to use in 3G LJMTS networks. The synchronization error influence on the interference level is discussed for this mode. The simulation model for method validation is described as well as the simulation results are presented in this paper.


The far‐infrared and laser‐excited Raman spectra of several scheelite‐type perrhenates have been recorded at 77°K and room temperature in order to obtain frequencies and symmetry assignments for the lattice modes. Both NH4ReO4 and ND4ReO4 were studied to separate ammonium‐ion translations and librations. At 77°K the ammonium‐ion librational mode is observed at 264 cm−1 in NH4ReO4 and 194 cm−1 in ND4ReO4. Upon warming to 300°K, the ammonium‐ion librational mode disappears and is unobservable in both the far‐ir and Raman spectra. The Raman‐active ammonium‐ion fundamental modes have also been observed in both NH4ReO4 and ND4ReO4. The temperature‐dependent changes in the intensities and linewidths of the ammonium‐ion fundamentals and lattice modes indicate that the ammonium‐ion motion undergoes a change between 77 and 300°K.


Mobile target tracking is one of the most important applications of wireless sensor network. In general, sensor nodes equipped with a battery which is non-rechargeable and irreplaceable and target tracking requires continuous monitoring which consumes significant energy. Therefore, energy constraint is of paramount issue in wireless sensor network. In recent times, various techniques starting from Kalman based techniques to soft computing based are used to track the exact current position of target and to predict the next possible position of target. There is a trade-off between energy efficiency and tracking accuracy. This paper addresses an Energy Efficient Non-linear Autoregressive Neural Network with Exogenous Inputs (EENARX) target tracking algorithm which achieves better performance for energy efficiency as well as tracking accuracy. The energy efficiency is achieved by reducing the number of active nodes and by reducing the communication between sensor nodes and sink node as most of the energy is consumed in communication. EENARX also achieves tracking accuracy by using NARX model for prediction. For energy efficiency proposed algorithm is compared with Circle based target tracking scheme and Minimal Contour Tracking Algorithm (MCTA) and to prove tracking accuracy it is compared with Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) approach.


Although February was a cold and relatively dry month, there is a continuing risk of groundwater flooding in vulnerable areas, according to the latest update to the UK's most authoritative analysis of water resources status.

Precipitation totals fell below 50% in a few areas and, at the national scale, February was the driest month since March 2012. Nonetheless, winter (December-February) rainfall totals were generally above average, and medium term (3-12 months) accumulations remain exceptionally high.

The analysis is contained in the monthly hydrological summary for the UK, covering the month of February 2013. The monthly summaries are produced by the National Hydrological Monitoring Programme, operated by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) in conjunction with the British Geological Survey.

The latest Monthly Hydrological Summary for the UK also gives details of

•Reservoir stocks: despite modest replenishments in the latter half of the month, more than three-quarters of the index reservoirs across the UK were within 5% of capacity in late February.
•River flows: flood risk remained substantial in the first fortnight but diminished thereafter (many groundwater-fed rivers aside) as runoff rates declined across almost all of the country
•Groundwater: recharge was very limited over the latter half of February but the outstanding November/December rainfall continues to be reflected in the high groundwater levels across most major outcrop areas.
•Precipitation: A few parts of the UK, for example in the Midlands and Northern Ireland, recorded above average February rainfall but most areas reported totals in the 50-90% range. However snowfall is difficult to measure and totals are normally underestimated.

http://www.ceh.ac.uk/news/news_archive/February-2013-UK-Hydrological-Summary_2013_18.html


In traditional physical education,the teaching of sportstechnology and skills is the only goal for physical education,so students' practical technology and the quality of sports skills have become the standards to evaluate a student.Under such circumstances,the health status of students,spots attitude,behavior and the improvent of their emotional development etc.will be ignored.To a certain extent,the student' interest and initiative in learning will be stifled.So The frontline educators are required to re-look at sports teaching,not only at dominant programs,but also at hidden curriculum studies,and establish the new relationship between teachers and students to achieve the goal of quality education teaching.


In general, rearranging the legs of a Stewart-Gough platform, i.e., changing the locations of its leg attachments, modifies the platform singularity locus in a rather unexpected way. Nevertheless, some leg rearrangements have been recently found to leave singularities invariant but, unfortunately, these rearrangements are only valid for Stewart-Gough platforms containing rigid components. In this work, the authors go a step further presenting singularity-invariant leg rearrangements that can be applied to any Stewart-Gough platform whose base and platform attachments are coplanar. The practical consequences of the presented theoretical results are illustrated with several examples including well-known architectures.


The now very considerable understanding of weather effects on breeding and movement by the desert locust has been used to prepare a forecasting manual. It is a two-volume, 400-page publication that describes, explains and illustrates the principles of modern forecasting, and includes not only much material on the biology and ecology of this species but also many new biogeographical studies of past locust developments that involved a variety of synoptic systems in some 60 countries of northern and eastern Africa and south-western Asia. It can be useful to all who are concerned with the effects of weather on insect movement.


The paper aims at an analysis based on the practical experience of the way in which the new
online context of courses in German as a foreign language as changed rules and rituals. The
analysis shows an increase in the importance of rituals in the courses as well as the need to
adopt new rules to ensure a good teaching quality. During the online courses, rituals become
very important to ensure a sense of belonging to the group, resulting in a better focus of
attention and an increase in "time on task.".


In the paper we study the influence of tensile deformation on the field dependence of the differential magnetic permeability for bilayer surface-hardened specimens and for laser hardened specimens of constructional steel 45. The field dependence of the differential magnetic permeability is shown to reflect the multilayer character of the formed microstructure and changes taking place in each layer in tension. Considerable shifts of magnetic permeability peaks to higher magnetic fields and abrupt decreases in peak height are governed by the involvement of different specimen layers into plastic deformation and occur in a strict sequence on achieving the yield stress for each layer. The loss of the bimodal character of the field dependence of the differential magnetic permeability registered after unloading demonstrates that the material with a hardened surface layer is close to fracture.


The present invention discloses a FPGA-based vehicle vibration signal filtering means. The apparatus reference noise signal x (n) input of the first register access, noisy vibration signal d (n) a second input of the access registers, the first register output signal x (n) Filter access an input terminal, the error signal e (n-1) outputted from the subtracter input of the third register are respectively connected, the filter input terminal and a second variable step factor calculation input of the circuit, variable step factor calculation variable output signal circuit step factor μ (n-1) access to a third input of the filter, the second register output signal d (n) input of a subtractor access, with reference to the filtered output of the filter the noise signal y (n) access to the other input of the subtractor, the vehicle vibration signal filter processing the output of the third register. Means algorithm is based on calculation speed, fast convergence and high real-time, good filtering effect, etc., to meet the needs of real-time signal processing.


Street lighting, as the most essential and universal component of the urban lighting system, accounts for a large portion of public electricity usage. Therefore, improving street lamps working efficiency is vital for energy savings. This paper demonstrates the design of a smart street lighting system supported by the combination of NB-IoT and LoRa communication technology. By adopting an optimized street lamp control algorithm, the system can realize the automatic control of street lights according to the real-time traffic flow information. This system has been installed on Luyang Avenue, Lucheng City, Shanxi Province, China in May 2019. It managed to reduce the electricity consumption in this region significantly in June 2019, which was 18% lower than that in April 2019 and 19.7% lower than that in June 2018. By illustrating the unique advantages of this system in energy savings and cost reduction, this paper displays its potential for further application in the construction of smart cities on a large scale.


I T IS OF interest to study the thermal insulating properties of certain chemically modified high alumina refractory mortars because of their potential use as heat resistant insulating liners for portland cement concrete structures exposed to heat in the range from 500 to 1000 ° F Conventional alumina refractories are heat cured in place, in engineering applications [1]. This is not a problem for refractory liners prepared by gunning onto the interior steel surface of a furnace or a kiln. For lining pcc, however, this is a problem since flame heat curing of the refractory liner is likely to damage the underlying concrete meant to be protected. For this reason, a variety of chemical modifiers, known as &dquo;admixtures&dquo; have been investigated to lower the cure temperatures of conventional refractories. Among the chemicals reported in this paper are various derivatives of the lanthanide elements, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium and praeseodymium, plus the closely related but non-lanthanide element zirconium. The lanthanide compounds were chosen for potential flux properties, that is, ability to lower the fusion point of alumina [2]. The unmodified controls and modified (chemical admixtures) refractories were heat cured and tested for cold crushing strength following the ASTM C133-82a procedure [3]. Plots of strength vs. temperature were made to determine physical behavior at elevated temperatures. Then thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity, were measured, to ensure that insulating properties had not changed for the modified materials.


1. NOMINAL FORMS IN ENGLISH, KURDISH AND ARABICConfronting the nominal forms in English, Kurdish and Romanian we discover identical systems on the emic level, with some slight differences, especially in the formal expression:The English forms to have written, to have been written and having written correspond in Kurdish to structures by means of the auxiliary to be (nivistiye, hatiye nivisandin, nivistiye) and not to have and the same situation occurs in Romanian.The result in homonymy of grammatical forms. There is also a difference in usage: the perfect nominal forms in Kurdish are used very rarely in Romanian used and usually they are substituted by finite perfect forms: mai mult ca perfectul simplu and especially perfectul compus. (D.Melenciuc"Comparative Study of Grammatical, Lexical and - Lexical - Grammatical Categories" p. 44, Chisinau, 2012)The English present participle is regularly translated into Romanian by means of gerunziu, which historically took over the meaning of the participiu present (present participle), which was ousted from the language.The English perfect nominal forms have also been displaying a tendency to gradually get out of usage.Thus, perfect gerund, perfect participle and, to a certain extent, perfect infinitive are practically used in formal bookish language.In the colloquial speech the finite perfect forms are usually preferred.Comparing the English nominal forms with the ones in the Arabic language and taking the English nominal system as an action, we discover practically the same picture seen in the case of Arab finite forms.The simple nominal forms: present participle, past participle and the gerund correspond in Arabic to one form - El-Masder, the distinction being lexical, contextual and functional (the participle is closer in meaning to the adjective, while the gerund has much in common with the noun). (S.Brough und V. J.Docherty - Praktische Grammatik, pp. 34-35,Ber lin/Munchen 2001)It is interesting to observe that in Arabic these simple nominal are rarely used in colloquial speech but they may be found in the formal, bookish registers.As far as the present infinitive (El-Hader El-basit in Arabic) is concerned there are practically no difficulties and it regularly corresponds to the English perfect infinitive. (R. Sulaiman - The category of Anteriority, pp. 61-62, Chisinau, 1998)Then we turn to the perfect nominal forms. Here the English perfect infinitive forms are regularly translated into Kurdish "Dema boriya teedayii", and into Arabic "El-Hader El-Tam", which practically coincides in form with the equivalent of present perfect in Kurdish and of present perfect in Arabic (i.e. a finite form plus some lexical elements like "an", "baada+wa+" and a logical stress in each case).The perfect participle "I" corresponds to "El-masder Tam", which is rarely used and is usually substituted by "present participle I".Again in this case the lexical element is prevailing: "qad", and lexical means, "baada" plus the given form of the verb are used to express anteriority.2. FINITE FORMS IN ENGLISH, KURDISH AND ARABICAt the first sight we can conclude that the finite system in English is much richer in forms than in Kurdish, Romanian and Arabic.Thus, when we compare the English, Kurdish, Romanian and Arabic systems we find much in common with occasional natural differences connected to the development of the language in different speaking communities.It seems that in Kurdish and Romanian there are is correspondent form to the English indefinite, its function being carried out by dem a boriya teedayii and perfectul compus, a form coinciding in form and partially in function with the English present perfect.The grammatical tense, aspect and taxis system in Arabic consists of the simple past (past indefinite), present-future, simple future (future indefinite), past continuous (past imperfective), past perfect (in the meaning of past anteriority and finished action) and preliminary future. …


In this paper we investigate the performance of a video delivery service using the OnlineTVRecorder.com service in Germany as an example. We show that the request arrivals for file downloads play an important role and the system reacts differently when the arrivals are time-dependent. We consider two simple analytical models: a steady state Markov chain analysis for constant arrivals and a fluid model to capture flash crowd effects. Furthermore, our analytical approach also takes the distribution of the offered files into account, as well as the users' impatience which leads to aborted downloads.


1. Mag‐fura‐2 fluorescence microscopy and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were used to measure glutamate‐induced changes in the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i) and Mg2+ currents, respectively, in cultured forebrain neurones from fetal rats in the absence of extracellular Na+ (Nao+) and Ca2+ (Cao2+). 2. Increasing the extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]o) from 9 to 70 mM significantly enhanced the maximum [Mg2+]i induced by a 5 min 100 microM glutamate plus 1 microM glycine stimulation ([Mg2+]i,5 min) from 2.04 +/‐ 0.07 to 2.98 +/‐ 0.20 mM. Increasing [Mg2+]o from 9 to 70 mM also significantly enhanced the initial rate of rise in [Mg2+]i upon glutamate stimulation from 0.41 +/‐ 0.02 to 0.81 +/‐ 0.08 mM min‐1. 3. The glutamate‐stimulated increase in [Mg2+]i was not altered by prior depletion of intracellular free Na+ (Nai+). For paired stimulations in single neurones, the mean [Mg2+]i,5 min was 1.95 +/‐ 0.17 mM under Na(+)‐depleted conditions and 1.94 +/‐ 0.16 mM under control conditions. 4. The glutamate‐stimulated increase in [Mg2+]i was significantly reduced when NMDA channel‐permeant Cs+ or K+ ions were used as the Na+ substitute instead of the presumably NMDA channel‐impermeant ions N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (NMDG), Tris or sucrose. The mean [Mg2+]i,5 min was 0.56 +/‐ 0.06 and 0.74 +/‐ 0.08 mM in the presence of Cs+ or K+, respectively, compared with 2.13 +/‐ 0.10, 1.93 +/‐ 0.11 and 2.07 +/‐ 0.22 mM in the presence of NMDG, Tris or sucrose, respectively. 5. In whole‐cell recordings performed with Cs+ as the primary intracellular cation, application of 100 microM NMDA plus 10 microM glycine induced inward currents that reversed around ‐55 mV in an extracellular solution containing 70 mM Mg2+ and 31 mM NMDG as the only cations. The currents were reversibly inhibited by DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV). In an extracellular solution containing 2 mM Mg2+ and 140 mM NMDG, NMDA plus glycine activated outward currents at potentials more depolarized than ‐90 mV. 6. In whole‐cell recordings made with NMDG as the principal cation in the patch pipette, application of NMDA plus glycine in the 70 mM Mg2+ extracellular solution induced inward currents at voltages more negative than +15 mV. The ratio of the current measured under these conditions to the current measured in an extracellular solution containing Na+ as the principal cation (0.073:1) was nearly constant from cell to cell. 7. Following a 5 min glutamate stimulation in the presence of 9 mM Mg2+, [Mg2+]i returned to basal levels at a mean rate of 58.1 +/‐ 2.1 microM min‐1. Complete removal of Nao+ significantly inhibited the rate of recovery to 31% of control. Raising [Mg2+]o to 30 mM in combination with removal of Nao+ did not inhibit recovery significantly more than either manipulation alone (28% of control). 8. These results suggest that glutamate‐stimulated increases in [Mg2+]i that occur in the absence of Nao+ and Cao2+ result from Mg2+ entry through NMDA‐activated ion channels. Furthermore, recovery from a glutamate‐induced Mg2+ load appears to be primarily due to Mg2+ efflux via a mechanism whose characteristics are consistent with Na(+)‐Mg2+ exchange.


In the aftermath of the First World War, a storm of protest met the stationing of colonial African troops in the occupied German territories. The campaign, spearheaded by legendary Congo reformer Edmund Dene Morel, influenced a broad spectrum of leftists, feminists, anti-imperialists, and pacifists in Great Britain, the United States, and Canada. In the United States and Canada the mainstream labour movement—the American Federation of Labor in the United States and its Canadian affiliate the Trades and Labour Congress—generally did not respond to Morel's appeal. In contrast, idealistic leftists, feminists, anti-imperialists, and peace activists—men and women most committed to the creation of a world without war, racial prejudice, and gender inequality—took up Morel's anti-imperialist and blatantly racist campaign. This article seeks to explain how this seeming contradiction came to be.


ineral species named for localities in the United M States are not common, particularly species that typically occur as large, well-crystallized specimens. Danburite is one such mineral, having been named for Danbury, Connecticut. Although its type locality is no longer productive, exceptional specimens of the mineral are available to collectors at reasonable prices, primarily from the well-known baseand precious-metal mines at Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Two danburite specimens from this prolific locality have been chosen for this issue's Connoisseur's Choice (figs. 1 and 2). Danburite is best known in chisel-shaped, transparent to translucent, colorless to white crystals. The color may vary through shades of brown, yellow, green, pink, and gray. It has a distinctive vitreous to greasy luster and a white streak, is brittle, and possesses an uneven to subconchoidal fracture and an indistinct cleavage on (001). It is a relatively hard mineral (7-7.5) and has a measured density that ranges from 2.93 to 3.02. Danburite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (2/m 2/m 2/m) and commonly displays topazlike prismatic forms resulting in rhomboid to square cross sections (topaz's perfect (001 } cleavage easily distinguishes it from danburite, however). Danburite crystals are commonly terminated by various pyramidal faces and occasionally the basal pinacoid. Lengthwise striations on crystals are typical of some localities. Granular and massive occurrences are well documented. Danburite is a calcium borosilicate with the ideal formula CaB,Si,O,. Most analyses indicate the presence of minor aluminum, iron, manganese. magnesium, strontium, sodium, and/or water. The role of these constituents is not entirely resolved, although some analyses suggest that aluminum may substitute for boron and sodium and that magnesium and iron may substitute for calcium.


One of the most important indices of the economic globalization is the foreign direct investment. As a global; phenomenon, the foreign direct investment grew in the late ninetieth century and early twentieth century. Meantime, the major supplying source of the foreign direct investment is the firms and corporations belonging to industrial countries. The point that should be mentioned is that the share of the metropolises from attracting the foreign direct investment varies and the policies and management of each city is to attract more investment and introduce itself as a global city. In this regard, the metropolis of Tehran in 2010, attracting 198758 000 billion dollars, looks as if it has been unable to successfully manage the FDI attraction while other cities like Istanbul have overtaken Tehran .In this research, to collect data, using the library methods and studying the content of the Persian and English documents, literature and related statistics have been extracted and analyzed trough a analytical descriptive approach. Furthermore, recommendations and policies in order to attract the FDI have been presented. As Taylor sees Tehran in 2001 along with cities that experience the least of globalization effects, the current research based on attracting the FDI approves this.


Deregulation, rate incentives, and efficiency in the railroad market measuring technological change in the US motor carrier industry deregulation and wages in trucking - a time series phenomenon, a time series approach marketing strategy and the use of information technology - new evidence from the trucking industry estimation of cost effects for potential trans-continental railroad mergers red bus, green bus - market organization, driver incentives, safety, and sorting.


I work in a special needs school that caters for 50 or so young people aged between ten and 19. The young people have varying degrees of disability, but for the most part use wheelchairs and have difficulties eating and drinking unaided.


Astronauts Mike Fincke and Terry Virts traded in their spacesuits for make-believe future space garb as the two made a guest appearance on the upcoming season finale of the science fiction television series "Star Trek: Enterprise."


Fixtures are tools and contributes to increasing manufacturing efficiency and productivity. They are utilized in various manufacturing processes to rest, support and locate the workpiece. Welding fixtures are utilized in fabrication shops.  They are specifically utilized to hold and locate the metallic plates and piece parts for permanent joining. They appear simple in construction but to develop an effective welding fixture, deep knowledge of design and manufacturing is required. Welding fixtures can be under static load from the workpiece they are supporting as well as under thermal stresses due to heat liberated by the particular welding process. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model and analyze a compact welding fixture and to illustrate few weld joints for small metal plates. The same model can be utilized efficiently to weld metal plates with variations in dimensions within some range. Software used for modeling of parts is CATIA V5R20 and that for the analysis is ANSYS 16.0