Due to the ubiquitous batch data processing in cloud computing, the fundamental model of scheduling malleable batch tasks and its extensions have received significant attention recently. In this model, a set of n tasks is to be scheduled on C identical machines and each task is specified by a value, a workload, a deadline and a parallelism bound. Within the parallelism bound, the number of the machines allocated to a task can vary over time and its workload will not change accordingly. In this paper, the two core results of this paper are to quantitatively characterize a sufficient and necessary condition such that a set of malleable batch tasks with deadlines can be feasibly scheduled on C machines, and to propose a polynomial time algorithm to produce such a feasible schedule. The core results provide a conceptual tool and an optimal scheduling algorithm to enable proposing new analysis and design of algorithms or improving existing algorithms for extensive scheduling objectives.


In various regions of the Russian Federation in the course of the year the most common strain of the pathogen is exclusively sheep strain of E. granulosus . Seasonal activity of the epidemiology of echinococcosis of sheep was studied on the basis of complete helminthological autopsy by K. I. Skryabin (1928) liver, lungs and other parenchymatous organs at homestead slaughter. To count the number of protoscoleces in 1 ml of hydatid fluid for determining fertility strains of E. granulosus have used the counting chamber VIGIS (1987). The research results were processed statistically with the use of a computer program «Biometrics». Collected at autopsy the liver, lungs and other organs servocity from each sheep under-read and average intensity of infestation and also the extensity of invasion was calculated. Spring in the plains extensiveness echinococcosis invasion in adult sheep was 20%, in winter — 30%; in bredgar-tion zone — respectively 30 and 40%; in the mountain area — respectively 15 and 20%, indicating a high biological activity of the parasitic system «sheep – dog» almost in all seasons. Relatively large indicators of extensiveness of hydatid disease of adult sheep in spring (30%) and winter (40%) was noted in the Piedmont area, where a long time under summer and autumn pastures were used driftways and lisakustannuksia arrays (biotopes dogs and wild carnivores). In adult sheep local selection installed in all natural zones of the North Caucasus 100% fertility lavocat E. granulosus .


The construction of prestressed anchor cables is an effective means to improve the stability of slopes. Revealing its reinforcement mechanism has important theoretical significance for guiding the design of slope supports. Based on the reinforcement characteristics, anchoring process and failure modes of prestressed anchor cables, this paper proposes a simulation method of the cables in combination with discrete elements. This approach can truly reflect the interaction between mortar, anchor cable and rock mass in the anchorage section, and it can also reflect the existence of anchor piers. Taking the left bank slope of Delsi Hydropower Station as a research object, and aiming at the deformation and failure characteristics of deep flexural toppling, the design principle of prestressed anchor cable reinforcement for large toppling masses is put forward. The stress of anchor cables and the deformation of the slope under the conditions of different support strength, reinforcement position and construction time are analyzed. The reinforcement effect of prestressed anchor cables and the influence on slope stability of each scheme are evaluated. Finally, for high rock slopes that are prone to toppling instability, prevention suggestions are provided during excavation and reinforcement.


Background. This study examines similarities and differences in teachers' attributions of responsibility for occupational stress in large education systems in New South Wales, Australia and Hebei Province, China. Aims. The principal research aim was to compare teachers' self-reported stress and attributions of responsibility for stress in a collectivist and an individualistic culture. Samples. The NSW random stratified sample consisted of 487 teachers; the Hebei sample was a representative, but not random, sample of 200 teachers. Methods. Analysis was carried out using principal components and confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant analysis and multiple regression analysis. When direct comparisons were made between the two data sets, withinsubject standardisation, to adjust for cultural differences in completion of questionnaires employing Likert-type scales, was carried out. Results. Various analyses suggest that both the Australian and Chinese teachers had similar attribution patterns for entities conceptually relatively close to self, but the Chinese teachers did not exhibit an attributional bias when attributing responsibility for stress to entities more distant from self. Conclusions. There is some evidence that the attribution-of-responsibility for stress model explains teachers' attributions in both cultures, but with differences which are consistent with collectivism-individualism.


The vegetation dynamics of semi-arid and arid landscapes are temporally and spatially heterogeneous and subject to various disturbance regimes that act on decadal scales. Traditional field-based monitoring methods have failed to sample adequately in time and space in order to capture this heterogeneity and thus lack the spatial extent and the long-term continuous time series of data necessary to detect anomalous dynamics in landscape behavior. Time series of ecological indicators of land degradation that are collected synoptically from local to global spatial scales can be derived from the 33-year and continuing Landsat satellite archive. Consequently, a retrospective study was conducted on a commercially grazed sagebrush steppe dominated Utah landscape using a time series of standardized Landsat imagery for the period 1972 to 1997. The study had the objectives to (1) characterize and map the historical trends of a remotely-sensed index of vegetation response, a correlate of vegetation cover or phytomass, and (2) to retrospectively infer the cause of this response to historical records of grazing and wet and drought periods. A time series of dry season vegetation index maps were statistically clustered to generate a spatio-temporal map of three coarse trends of vegetation response, i.e., declining, stable, and increasing trends. This study showed that 71% of the landscape's locations had an increasing trend and 29% had a stable trend over the 26-year period. The increasing trend locations were positively correlated with site water balance [the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)], i.e., vegetation response increased during wet periods and decreased during drought. The increasing trend was positively and negatively (non-linearly) correlated with grazing in individual paddocks from 1980 to 1997.


In masonry materials, the superficial decay is a widespread problem. Aggressive environmental agents such as moisture and salts trigger the damage by propagating through the material capillary pores. Although several studies have been carried out on salt crystallization and their damaging effects, additional research effort is required to better investigate this phenomenon on real cases and real weathering conditions. To this purpose, testing and monitoring tools capable of following degradation process since the early beginning are necessary. Repeated visual inspections are commonly used to monitor the superficial decay, but this technique is subjective and thus not capable of providing any quantitative information. In this work, an experimental campaign, carried out in Bologna, Italy, is presented. A two-header brick wall, one main face unplastered and one plastered, was stored outdoors and exposed to weathering over two summers. Before the start of the second aging season, moisture and salt capillary rise was simulated by low-concentrated sodium chloride solution (0.1% -wt). The aim was to favor solution evaporation and salt crystallization and to provoke material damage. The degradation process was monitored based on a contactless, rapid and accurate image diagnostic technique. In particular, high-resolution laser scanning by triangulation technique was adopted. Three-dimensional data acquisition was repeated at the end of both seasons. The proposed procedure successfully extracted quantitative information approximately areas of material spalling and detachment even in the initial phases of decay.


Abstract The influence of quantum shielding on the Ramsauer–Townsend phenomena for the total electron–atom polarisation collision cross-section is investigated in partially ionised strongly coupled semiclassic plasmas. The result shows that the quantum shielding effect changes the position of the Ramsauer energy in partially ionised strongly coupled plasmas. It is also found that the quantum shielding effect enhances the total electron–atom collision cross-section when the collision energy is greater than the Ramsauer energy; however, it suppresses the collision cross-section when the collision energy is smaller than the Ramsauer energy. In addition, it is shown that the plasma screening effect significantly changes the position of the Ramsauer energy and the influence of plasma screening on the magnitude of the collision cross-section is more significant near the Ramsauer energy domain. The variations of the Ramsauer energy and the collision cross-section due to the quantum shielding effect are also discussed.


In order to improve our knowledge of the physical phenomena involved in the transient radiation of an ultrawideband (UWB) antenna, this series of two papers proposes a modeling tool of antenna geometries based on traveling-wire elements; infinitely conductive and resistive loaded elements are considered. In Part I of this letter, the theoretical aspects have been presented, including an extension of previous modeling. In Part II, detailed parametric studies of antenna radiating responses are performed in the case of two-dimensional (2-D) combinations of thin wires. The simulation results are analyzed to highlight the major physical phenomena associated with the radiation in the far-field region.


Fermented foods have been associated with probiotics: microorganisms that are useful to the host. The potential probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarumand Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from ikii, a traditional fermented maize porridge, were studied and with regard to acid/bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, utilisation of fructooligosaccharide, production of exopolysaccharides and safety attributes. Out of 19 strains of L. plantarum and one L. rhamnosus, 18 strains of L. plantarum were able to tolerate pH 2 for a period of 3 h. All the L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains assayed tolerated pH 2.5 for a period of 3 h, population counts remaining at levels of between 5 to7 log cfu/ml. Following 3 h exposure to pH 2, 18 L. plantarum strains were able to tolerate and grow to levels between 5 and 6 log cfu/ml in MRS supplemented with 0.3% bile salts within a period of 24 to 48 h. Sixteen (16) strains of L. plantarum exposed to pH 2.5, were able to grow to levels of 5 and 7 log cfu/ml in MRS broth supplemented with 0.3% bile within a period of 24 to 48 h. The assayed strains showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus and E. coli. Two (2) strains of L. plantarum were able to utilise a fructooligosaccharide. All 20 strains were able to produce exopolysaccharides. None of the assayed strains showed haemolytic and gelatinase activity. It is therefore possible that L. plantarum involved in production ofikii do have potential probiotic attributes.

 Key words: Probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, acid/bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, exoplysaccharides, fructooligosacharides.


Department of Design Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S "A" (administration) building for the Larkin Company is generally acknowledged to be important for the integration of environmental services into architecture. In the absence of the building itself, the evidence for this has been little more than gossip-aside from Wright's own writings, a passing reference in Margaret


The open problem Study the Thue-Morse trace map; in particular, find the asymptotics of the Hausdorff dimension of the spectrum as the coupling constant tends to zero or infinity. Our research • We studied the dynamics of the Thue-Morse trace map. • We developed MATLAB code to help approximate the box-counting dimension, thickness, and Hausdorff measure of the Schrodinger operator with Thue-Morse potential. • We analysed the resulting data, which confirmed conjectures about the asymptotic behavior of the fractal dimensions of the operator. Asymptotic Spectral Properties of the Schr odinger Operator with ThueDisciplines Mathematics Comments Presented at the Nebraska Conference for Undergraduate Women in Mathematics on February 1, 2014. This conference proceeding is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/undergraduate_ext_pub/4 Asymptotic Spectral Properties of the Schrodinger Operator With Thue-Morse Potential Research supported by William Clark Ohio University • Rachael Kline St. John Fisher College • Michaela Stone Louisiana State University Advisors: May Mei and Andrew Zemke This work was supported by NSF grant DMS-0739338. Cornell University Department of Mathematics Summer Math Institute Why do we care? Historical background The Thue-Morse sequence Modeling quasicrystals The open problem Study the Thue-Morse trace map; in particular, find the asymptotics of the Hausdorff dimension of the spectrum as the coupling constant tends to zero or infinity. Our research • We studied the dynamics of the Thue-Morse trace map. • We developed MATLAB code to help approximate the box-counting dimension, thickness, and Hausdorff measure of the Schrodinger operator with Thue-Morse potential. • We analysed the resulting data, which confirmed conjectures about the asymptotic behavior of the fractal dimensions of the operator. Asymptotic Spectral Properties of the Schrodinger Operator with Thue-Morse Potential Introduction


In the filling process of rock fill dam,the earth-rock work allocation process of extraction of dam material and transportation and etc.is oriented by the filling requirements,and those can influence the construction of dam filling,and relate to smooth construction of the whole project.In order to reach the three goals of contruction with high speed,economy and high quality,we should carry out the study on combining the filling program with balance and optimization of the earth-rock work allocation.To take the construction of the Longbeiwan Hydropower Station as an example,the earth-rock work allocation model is formulated by using the large-scale systems theory and large systems cybernetic.The material balance for progress is gotten out by using object-oriented programming language Visual Basic for software development.


This dissertation examines the renewal of the diaconate since the Second Vatican Council 1962 to 1965, focusing on the problem of the new diaconate to establish an identity within the ministry and to gain legitimacy both from the priesthood and the laity. The thesis brings forth the idea that the fathers of the Council decided to carry out the reform as an experiment after receiving a proposal to renew the diaconate. The reform of the diaconate is closely connected to the ecclesiological renewal of the church in the sense of Lumen Gentium, a ministerial church. One of the problems for the new diaconate is the lack of a distinct theology, On the other hand, this deficiency is a part of the experiment. It is up to the deacons, together with the theologians of the church to find a spirituality of the diaconate and also create an identity of the new order which can be embraced by the priesthood as well as the laity. Springing from the reform for the new diaconate, much tension has become evident between groups such as the priesthood and the diaconate, the celibacy and the married deacons, male and female deacons, the institutional and the charismatic order. Finally, the dissertation presents some controversial and much discussed models for the hierarchical structure of the church for the future. As a background to the analysis, and for future aspects and perspectives regarding this subject, this work also describe the development of the modern diaconate movements from the beginninig, during and after the Second World War, to the gathering into one diaconate movement with the International Diaconate Centre in Rottenburg, Germany, as headquarters for the renewal of the diaconate in our time. (Less)


CNC electrical system failure investigation, analysis and diagnosis is the process of troubleshooting process, once identified the cause of the fault it is almost equal to the excluded. Therefore, fault analysis and diagnosis method is very important.


Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has been widely applied to architectural design field and it improves the collaborative quality to certain extent. For the problems such as poor flexibility and lack of initiative in current cooperative work system model and construction methods, this paper integrates the concept of Agent to design and implementation of CSCW system, to achieve more intelligent solutions for the architectural design collaborative work. Based on the view of programming it also provides detailed design scheme of implementation of system development and the running case. The tests not only verifies good feasibility of model proposed in this paper, but also verifies the system has effectiveness and application value in improving cooperative architectural design.


Background: Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most prevalent causes of dizziness, affecting between 11 and 64 people per 100,000 each year and 2.4% of the population overall. Vestibular suppressants have been shown in recent studies to be effective in reducing residual symptoms after a successful Epley's maneuvers, however to the best of our knowledge, very few research have analyzed the features of residual symptoms in BPPV patients following Epley's maneuvers. There has been no definitive research on what causes symptoms duration, canal involvement, cumulative successful ratee, residual symptoms and dysregulation are among possibilities put up to explain the phenomenon. Objective: This research focused on role of vestibular suppressants including B.histine, cinnarizine, and meclizine after successful Epley's maneuvers in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Study Design: Cross-sectional study Study Setting: The study was conducted at department of ENT CMH, Multan from 01 January 2022 to 30th October 2022. Methodology: Total 135 patients were divided into two groups. In group A 60 patients were taking vestibular suppressants and in group B 75 patients were not taking any drugs, both groups had successful Epley's maneuvers in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Patients were considered for inclusion if they had idiopathic BPPV. A single doctor made the BPPV diagnosis after examining a patient's history and doing a hall pike test. The patients' symptoms duration, canal, cumulative success rate and residual symptoms were measured immediately after treatment, and two weeks. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: In group A out of which 24 were taking B.histine, 26 were taking cinnarizine, and 25 were taking meclizine as vestibular suppressants. In group B, 75 participants after successful Epley's maneuver were not taking any vestibular suppressants. In this study there is 29 males and 31 females in group A and 37 males and 38 females in group B. Interestingly, the success rate with one treatment cycle was higher in the group A (p = 0.001). Further analysis of outcomes showed the residual symptoms in patients with a short (≤4 days) symptom duration revealed a correlation with the successful Epley's maneuver in group A. Practical Implication: Vestibular suppressants have been standard practice in most hospitals for the treatment of severe vertigo for decades. Vertigo caused by vestibular imbalance can be treated with vestibular suppressants. When Epley's Maneuvers have been performed successfully in patients with BPPV, the efficacy of Vestibular Suppressants (B.Histine, Cinnarizine, Meclizine) has not been conclusively established. So, their role must be studied. Conclusion: Finally, we found that patients who used anti-vestibular suppression medication following an Epley's technique for treating and controlling BPPV symptoms fared better than those who did not. We advise the Epley method for BPPV therapy with the maintenance of suppressants for the better management. Keywords: B.histine, cinnarizine, meclizine, Epley's maneuvers, paroxysmal positional virtigo


The main objective of the study includes the analysis of the experiences of postgraduate students regarding workplace bullying. These postgraduate students are employed in various business industries in South Africa. This study highlights the seriousness of workplace bullying. Actions need to be taken by all parties concerned to ensure that workplace bullying is adequately addressed in workplaces through policies and procedures, and by legislation.Until these changes are made, workplace bullying will continue to be a costly problem for employers and employees. An NAQ-R (Negative Act Questionnaire Revised) instrument is designed and employed to evaluate exposure to workplace bullying. The questionnaire elicits personal derogation (humiliation and personal criticism), work-related harassment (withholding of information and having one's responsibilities removed), social isolation, physical violence, and intimidation and work overload. The research evidences that people do not recognize bullying when they experience it or do not realise when they are being bullied. The behaviour is hidden and trivial criticisms and isolating actions occur behind closed doors. In addition, professional people are too afraid to admit that they are being bullied. Interestingly, they are embarrassed, blame themselves and fear that the phenomenon would escalate.


Application and research on Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers used unified theory ,and analyzed Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers through MIDAS. Contrast calculation, Verification rationality and reliability on FEA model, which provide good references for engineers. Come up with argument and prospect at the same time with Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers.


With the increasing Internet usage and the increase of W-commerce in Sweden, online
marketing has become an essential and crucial activity for most industries and companies.
Online marketing has developed rapidly and there are today a big number of digital channels
and tools to add into the marketing strategy in order to meet the changing consumer
behaviour.
Today we are starting to see a number of digital channels and tools that have been established
in the Swedish online marketing industry and the purpose of this Master Thesis is to analyze
and map the most important of these tools. The tools have been analyzed through theoretical
models such as the consumer buying process and distribution models in order to:
1. Demonstrate the values of these tools for companies with different distributions strategies
2. Demonstrate the values of the tools in different stages in the buying process.
This investigations's analysis is based on an e-commerce and online marketing study. Input to
this study have been public sources such as articles, studies and research about online
marketing. Additionally primary sources such as observations of online marketing activites of
particular companies has been registrated in order to exemplify how different marketing
strategies are performed depending on distribution channel strategy.
The result of this investigation indicates that there are distinct differences in different
companies' online marketing strategies depending on their distribution channel strategy.
Another important result shows that where the consumer is in the buying process is a key
factor for the choice of marketing tool. For companies and industries with a significant part of
their products and services sold online this study indicates that marketing tools with a high
value late (close to purchase) in the buying process is of high importance (For example SEM
and Price Comparison sites). On the other hand – for companies and industries with a small
part of products and services sold online this study indicates that it is more important to focus
on tools with a high value early in the buying process (For example display ads and
advertising networks).


Sodium X zeolite and a number of other zeolites such as PC, HS and analcime were synthesized using rice-husk ash as a source of silica. Also, a number of NaCuX zeolites were prepared by ion-exchange method with copper contents from 2.8 to 10.5 wt%. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphological characteristics of the prepared zeolites were also studied. The NaX zeolite exhibits typical octahedral form whereas analcime and zeolite PC have trapezohedral and spheroid forms, respectively. Differential thermal patterns of NaCuX zeolites revealed the presence of an initial sharp and intense endotherm for dehydration around 190-220 o C followed by an exotherm around 830-860 o C representing structural change and dissociation, which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. IPC Code: C01B39/50


Object of the present invention is to provide a curable resin composition and a method of curing the curable resin composition can be quickly cured at low temperature by irradiation of active energy ray of light or the like, and is excellent in storage stability. Further, with the curable composition and the component (D) of the present invention, the active energy ray-curing is further improved. A curable composition characterized by comprising the following (A) ~ (C) component. Component (A) is a compound having two or more glycidyl groups in the molecule; (B) component is a compound having two or more thiol groups in the molecule; (C) component is a photobase generator, a photobase generating agent comprises a salt having an anion of the following general formula (1) is represented. [Chemical Formula 1]


The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects upon performance and carcass yield of high levels of lysine supplemented on final diet of broilers during the period of 43 to 49 days. The experimental design consisted of 8 treatments in a 2 X 4 (sex and 4 lysine levels) factorial arrangement, and 5 replications (blocks) of 48 birds each one, totaling 240 birds per treatment. The experimental diets contained 100; 108; 116; and 124% of lysine levels suggested by AEC (1993) to feed broilers from 43 to 49 days of age. At 49 days, were slaughtered 4 broilers per replicate, in a total of 20 per treatment. The characteristics evaluated were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and yield of carcass and parts. The increased lysine levels significantly improved (P<0.05) the final body weight, but did not affect carcass yield, weight gain, food consumption and conversion of the experimental period (43 to 49 days). The final body weight of the males was higher (P<0.05) than the females, which on the other hand showed higher breast yield (P<0.05). As the use of high lysine levels did not benefice the productivity, it was concluded that the requirements suggested by ALIMENTATION EQUILIBRE COMMENTRY (1993) to feed broilers from 43 to 49 days were appropriate.


: It is very important that the blind and the visually impaired should be able to live as independently as possible. They have their own rights to have control over their personal finances. Access to automatic teller machines (ATMs), is an important part of banking services. This paper gives review on different techniques applied to provide ATM services for blind people such as hand gestures, GSM, biometric authentication, security issues etc. Hence the blind people are enabled to use ATM independently.


Provided are particles containing carotenoids, wherein in order to provide carotenoid-containing particles in which the exudation of carotenoids from the particles during tableting or storage is suppressed, the carotenoid-containing particles are characterized by having a structure in which the carotenoids are dispersed in an agar gel containing cyclodextrin and/or vegetable protein.


Combining exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) may be a useful, non‐invasive method to assess airway inflammation in pediatric asthma. This cross‐sectional study evaluated the relationship of both EBC nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and EBC pH with asthma control and eNO in asthmatic, normal, and atopic children.


Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based APplications (GAPs) are ubiquitous and provide a wealth of sophisticated services. Nontrivial GAPs evolve through many versions, and understanding how GUIs of different versions of GAPs differ is crucial for various software quality tasks such as testing, cross-platform UI comparison and project effort estimation. Yet despite the criticality of automating GUI differencing, it is a manual, tedious, and laborious task. We offer a novel approach for differencing GUIs that combines tree edit distance measure algorithms with accessibility technologies for obtaining GUI models in a non-intrusive, platform and language-independent way, and it does not require the source code of GAPs. We developed a tool called GUI DifferEntiator (GUIDE) that allows users to difference GUIs of running GAPs. To evaluate GUIDE, we created an experimental platform that generates random GUIs with controlled differentials among them that serve as oracles. GUIDE enables researchers to plug-and-play various GUI differencing algorithms and to automatically run experiments. We evaluated GUIDE on 5,000 pairs of generated complex GUIs and three open-source GAPs and the results of our evaluation suggest that GUIDE can find differences between GUIs with a high degree of automation and precision.


Hydrogels, polymers and various other composite materials may be used in sensing applications in which the swelling or de-swelling of the material in response to some analyte is converted via a transducer to a measurable signal. In this paper, we analyze models used to predict the swelling behavior of hydrogels that may be used in applications related to hydration monitoring in humans. Preliminary experimental data related to osmolality changes in fluids is presented to compare to the theoretical models. Overall, good experimental agreement with the models is achieved.


The evaluation of steady-state enzyme kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax , and Ki is useful in clinical enzymology, particularly where they can be used for the detection of enzyme variants and to assess the type of isoenzymes and the extent of their abnormal activity. The multiple-cuvet parallel-analysis feature of the Fast Analyzer permits one to evaluate one or more enzymic parameters in a single rotor. Both on-line measurement of initial reaction velocities and rapid off-line reduction of statistical data can be obtained by using the small-computer interfaced Fast Analyzer. Estimates of error in determining these parameters are also obtained, for use in comparing results in future analyses. We discuss the programming approach for adapting both simple and more complex statistical nonlinear regression data-fitting routines to the Fast Analyzer's computer. We illustrate how the analyzer may be used to determine simple kinetic parameters for placental alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and for the more complex "stripping out" of Km 's and Vmax 's for a heterogenous mixture of placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase.


Reeve's article does not address several issues, which simultaneously make the approach under-ambitious and have divisive, probably unintended, consequences.1

First, are there specialists and generalists? Many 'specialists' practise in 'generalist' mode within their discipline, and GPs with a special interest contribute to secondary care.2 The division suggested by Reeve would not incorporate these colleagues who would presumably utilise different philosophical models in different roles. …


ejd.2011.1438 Auteur(s) : Antonella DI CESARE, Rosaria FIDANZA, Assunta RIITANO, Maria Concetta FARGNOLI, Ketty PERIS firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy Mesalazine is an aminosalycilate drug approved for the treatment of the active phase of mild-to-moderate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) – ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) – and for the prevention of IBD recurrence [1]. The use of mesalazine [...]


The Titanic disaster which occurred in 1912 remains as one of the biggest tragedies that occurred in human endeavours. The objective of this paper is to apply different algorithms to check whether a passenger survived the Titanic disaster based on different attributes a passenger possess which is included in the dataset for testing. The results from the application of the different algorithms are compared and analysed.


In order to overcome the drawbacks of most chaos-based methods-used in time series analysis and especially used in analyzing brain electrical activity, we introduce a new complexity measuring method based on the basic scale entropy, which is simple but effective in anti-jamming and can analyze short-term time series, and exactly overcomes the main drawbacks of most chaos-based methods. And we use a group of data to test the efficiency of this method, which consists of five sets (denoted A-E), each containing 100 single-channel EEG signals of 23.6 s. Each signal has been selected after visual inspection for artifacts and has passed a weak stationarity criterion. Sets A and B have been taken from surface EEG recordings of five healthy volunteers with eyes open and closed, respectively. Signals in two sets have been measured in seizure-free intervals from five patients in the epileptogenic zone (D) and from the hippocampal formation of the opposite hemisphere of the brain (C). Set E contains seizure activity, selected from all recording sites exhibiting ictal activity. The results generally show that when the brain is acted consciously, the more complicated the brain acts, the larger the value of basic scale entropy is.


Three π complexes between nonconjugated dienes and copper(I) chloride and/or bromide have been prepared and characterized by means of crystal structure determination. The complex between 1,4-pentadicnc and copper(I) chloride (I) was prepared in ethyl vinyl ketone (1-penten-3-one), utilizing the complex between copper(I) chloride and the solvent as an in situ precursor


This work studies the problem of finding a rectilinear Steiner minimum tree (RSMT) for a set of given terminals in the presence of obstacles. In modern VLSI designs, obstacles usually block the device layer and a fraction of metal layers. Therefore, routing wires on top of obstacles is possible. However, if a long wire is routed over an obstacle, there will be signal integrity problems because buffers cannot be placed on top of any obstacle. To tackle this problem, we impose slew constraints on the interconnects that are routed over an obstacle. This is called the obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimum trees (OARSMT) problem with slew constraints over obstacles. In this paper, we first analyze an optimal solution to this problem and show that the tree structures over obstacles with slew constraints will follow some very simple forms. Based on this observation, we propose an algorithm to find an optimal solution embedded in the extended Hanan grid [1]. The solutions can guarantee the interconnect performance and avoid post-routing electrical fixups due to slew violations. We also show that our algorithm achieves over 800 times speedup and is able reduce nearly 5% routing resources on average in comparison with the state-of-the-art optimal OARSMT algorithm.


An in-soil version of the null soil pressure measurement system has been used in the measurement of lateral earth pressures of granular soils for at-rest Ko conditions. Four uniformly graded soils were tested, from particle diameter 0·15 mm through to 15 mm. Two significant observations were made based upon the data presented. For initial loading, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure, Ko, was found to be higher for soil placed in a dense packing arrangement in comparison to that measured for the same soil placed in a loose packing arrangement. The development of horizontal pressure during unloading and reloading was found to be very similar to that of initial loading.


We present an optical element for the separation of superimposed beams which only differ in angle. The beams are angularly resolved and separated by total internal reflection at an air gap between two prisms. As a showcase application, we demonstrate the separation of superimposed beams of different diffraction orders directly behind acousto-optic modulators for an operating wavelength of 800 nm. The wavelength as well as the component size can easily be adapted to meet the requirements of a wide variety of applications. The presented optical element allows to reduce the lengths of beam paths and thus to decrease laser system size and complexity. © 2019 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.


Abstract This review is focusing on photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production as a viable fuel. The limitations of different production methods for H2 generation and the importance of photocatalytic process are discussed, which renders this process as highly promising to meet the future energy crises. TiO2 is one of most effective material to generate the H2 via photocatalytic processes. Therefore, advantages of the catalyst over other semiconductors have been thoroughly analyzed. Starting from synthesis of TiO2 and factors affecting the whole process of photocatalytic H2 production have been discussed. Modifications for improvement in TiO2 and the photocatalytic reaction are critically reviewed as well as the mechanism of TiO2 modification has been described. Metal doping, non-metal doping, impurity addition and defect introduction processes have been analyzed and the comparison of experimental results is developed based on H2 production efficiency. A critical review of the literature from 2004 to 2021 concludes that H2 production as fuel using TiO2 photocatalytic method is efficient and environment friendly, which have potential for practical applications for H2 generation.


With the increasing perfection of multi media computer technology, it is inevitable to introduce the multi media computer technology in the distance education in RTVU, which is the important guarantee of the implementation of RTVU distance education. The paper analyses the development of information technology and distance educational technologiy model and makes clear the change of educational technology model in the information times, which brings an unprecedented chance and challenge to the development of RTVU education.


In order to deal with compound textile texture image in the part of all sides consecutive designing.A digitize method based on Wang Tiles algorithm is presented.The method selects different block design manner for the texture of different style and all sides consecutive designing is resolved preferably.This method overcomes the shortage at the precision of all sides consecutive designing compared to the traditional method,and enhances the speed of all side consecutive designing greatly.


In this paper the matter highlighted on the side of electricity-generating coal support in construction of thermal power transporting electricity from the west to the east in Guizhou province is engaged in research,there exist a gap of resource support of produce coal in mining construction,sequentially investment risk become enlarged due to insufficient foundation of geological surveying which buries disasters of frequent production accidents and resource waste,and also there is lack of coal-mining and directorial talents.Aiming at these issues the suggestions are made for establishing layout and decision-making by executive for reference,which are involved in: 1.complete Performance of State Department's Decision for Strengthening Geologic Works to reinforce and speed up the works of geological prospecting in coal;2.quickening construction of large-and middle-scale coal mines and emphasizing the small-scale coal mines in management,supervision,direction and resource assortment and reorganization;3.boosting up the training for coal-mining and geological talents,especially for middle-level practical technicians


Recognition of drug‐induced cognitive decline is helpful in that omission of the offending agent can often reverse the cognitive dysfunction. Older people are more likely to develop drug‐related cognitive side‐effects in contrast to younger patients due to age‐related changes in brain neurochemistry. Here, Dr Bangash and Dr Bharmal discuss such a case involving the epilepsy medication topiramate.


12 The aim of this experiment was to define the optimal mixtures of plant protein concentrates in an 13 extruded, fish meal free diet for rainbow trout. The response criteria were growth, feed 14 utilization, nutrient digestibilities (apparent digestibility coefficients, ADCs) and retentions, body 15 composition and intestinal histology. Three essential amino acid (EAA) and taurine-fortified 16 plant protein mixtures (P-MIX, C-MIX, and S-MIX) were prepared by mixing four plant protein 17 concentrates (pea protein concentrate (PPC), canola protein concentrate (CPC), potato protein 18 concentrate, and soy protein concentrate (SPC)). Seven plant protein based diets were formulated 19 based on a mixture design using P-MIX, C-MIX, and S-MIX alone or in combinations to 20 provide > 95% of the dietary protein. The diets were supplemented with 5% krill products as 21


Choroideremia (CHM) is a well-described X-linked chorioretinopathy in which there is no known genetic heterogeneity (McCulloch and McColloch, 1948; Karna, 1986). CHM is a heritable ocular condition for which the gene was isolated by positional cloning (Cremers et al., 1990). The gene is composed of 15 exons coding for the Rab escort protein-1 of geranylgeranyl transferase (Seabra et al., 1992,1993). In studies of European families with CHM, a total of 15 different mutations have been reported (van den Hurk et al., 1992; Sankila et al., 1992; Schwartz et al., 1993; Donnelly et al., 1994; van Bokhoven et al., 1994b) in the CHM gene. All the mutations, except one, result in the formation of a stop codon at the site of the mutation or create frameshift mutations that lead to premature stop codons. The exception is a missense mutation reported by Donnelly and coworkers (1994). We report a novel three basepair insertion in exon 8 of the choroideremia gene.


The Qinghai-Tibet routes (including highway and railway) mainly extend from north to south. Long-term ground temperature observation shows that the temperature under the east-face slope is higher than that under the west-face slope. This is an effect of embankment slope. For the Qinghai-Tibetan routes located in permafrost regions, especially the regions with high ice content, effect of embankment slope orientation causes huge damages to the embankment. This paper focuses on the reasons of the effect of embankment slope orientation developing from the point of view of solar radiation. It is demonstrated that intensive solar radiation, difference of slope orientation and the particular diurnal variety of solar radiation lead to the effect of embankment slope orientation. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to eliminate the effect of embankment slope orientation: 1) to spray or paint material with high albedo on the slopes or the road surface; 2) to reduce the thickness of the embankment and decrease the slope gradient of the embankment appropriately.


The utility model relates to an installing supporting frame of a dual fuel vehicle gas cylinder. The utility model is provided with at least two transversal fixing steel plates, at least two angle steels are longitudinally welded on the firm steel plates, semi circular fastening rings are transversally welded on the angle steels, the other semi circular fastening rings are matched with the semi circular fastening rings welded on the angle steels, the both ends are welded into a whole ring through bolts, and the gas cylinder is fastened in the whole ring. The installing supporting frame of the gas cylinder can be directly fixed on the floor of a vehicle body, the two angle steels can better support the weight of the gas cylinder, and the two semi circular fastening rings can stably fix the gas cylinder in the installing supporting frame of the gas cylinder. In addition, a rubber mat bonded on the inner wall of the semi circular fastening rings performs strengthening and fastening and anti vibration functions. The supporting frame has the advantages that the structure is simple, the strength is high, and the quality of light.


Natural resources are fundamental and imperative for the existence and evolution of human civilizations. Water being most important scarce natural resource has become a contentious political issue in the world. South Asia being a less connected and conflict ridden region, Water related conflicts have been a dominant area of concern. At the time of independence, the boundary line between the two newly created independent countries, i.e. Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Indus Basin, leaving Pakistan as the lower riparian. Dispute thus arose between the two countries regarding the utilization of irrigation waters from existing facilities. The negotiations held under the World Bank, culminated in the signing of Indus Waters Treaty in 1960. The paper will examine the historical background of the treaty; the contentious developments which have arose over the years and will also discuss the Kashmir perspective on the treaty. The paper will also evaluate the present disagreeing arguments of both states over the treaty.


A series of multifunctional, chiral amide phosphane organocatalysts have been designed and synthesized for the allylic substitution of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) acetate with 2-trimethylsilyloxyfuran for butenolide synthesis. This reaction was achieved in good to excellent yield (42-98 %) and high ee (85-99 %) with respect to a wide range of substrates in absolute MeOH or CH(3)CN, using chiral amide phosphane organocatalysts with an amide moiety including an active proton. NMR tracing experiments identified the critical phosphonium intermediates involved in the catalytic cycles. Computational studies disclosed the origins of diastereo- and enantioselectivity, in particular, revealing that the active proton of the amide moiety is the critical factor for the catalyst to have high enantiofacial control.


Jeffrey M. Drazen, MD, FCCP From a very young age Dr Jeff Drazen was driven to make a difference. Growing up in rural Missouri, his father taught him that "it was important to leave a mark on peoples' lives in a positive way"; this principle has guided him throughout his career. While studying electrical engineering and physics at Tufts University, one of Jeff's academic advisors, Dr Allan Cormack (1979 Nobel Prize winner), suggested that if he really wanted to make a difference, he should consider a career in medical research. This led to Jeff attending Harvard Medical School, where he was quickly drawn to pulmonary medicine, one of the few specialties with equations similar to physics.


Some typical types of biofuels widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, synthetic gas, solid biomass fuel. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of vehicles (gasoline and motor vehicles). diesel engine); has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch and animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents results obtained from a method applied for improving the properties of pure bio-oil aiming a direct use as a fuel in conventional diesel engines. Some typical properties such as high viscosity, high surface tension, high density and high cloud point are considered to be improved within this study. Characteristics of the viscosity, density and the surface tension versus fuel temperature are established. Findings of this study provide a basis for calculation and design a heating system of bio-oil fuel and for improving some typical properties of this fuel in order to use directly in diesel engines of small generator sets or diesel engines used in agriculture, forestry fields or in small boats.


In recent years, however, many have argued that the United States and its allies in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations can ignore the laws of war. They argue that the laws of war are based on the concept of reciprocity between states, and because terrorists and insurgents do not comply with the law, the United States need not do so either. However, reciprocity in the laws of war is based on strategic premises that are inapplicable under a win-the-population counterinsurgency strategy. Counterinsurgency instead suggests the principle of exemplarism as a foundation for the complying with the laws of war. Exemplarism is an inherently asymmetric approach. It holds that a party can be bound to law regardless of the actions of other parties. In doing so, the exemplarist state gains in prestige, legitimacy, and power. While humanitarian justifications always remain a powerful reason for counterinsurgents to follow the laws of war, the principle of exemplarism is a response to the war on terror theorists who assert that states have no self-interested reason to follow the laws of war in asymmetrical conflicts.


The energy system ofthe future will be characterised by significantly greater complexity due to the growing demand for electricity and decentralised as well as fluctuating generation. Only end-to-end intelligence from power plants via networks to end-use applications, so-called smart grid technologies, will enable the integrated energy system to handle this complexity and thus the step towards a new electricity age. A pre-requisite is an optimised power plant and fleet management where end-to-end network solutions through integrated communication and new grid intelligence will be applied.


Sesame is an important food allergen;low-level doses can cause severe allergic reactions.In this paper,PCR primers were designed based on sesame allergy protein(2S albumin) gene sequence,and conventional PCR and Real-time PCR were established and optimized.The lowest DNA content that can be detected for conventional PCR was 0.1 ng and 0.01 ng for real-time PCR,respectively.The specificity of the methods is good and can be widely used.


This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Problem-Solving Method (PSM)by using the acronym IDEAL in developing metacognitive knowledge at secondary level. The research was modeled in experiment-control groups design. A random selection of 120 students was taken from grade IX in the subject of General Science. These schools were randomly selected from the district on tehsil bases. 60 students from each school were divided into both control and experimental groups 30 students each randomly. The Revised Metacognitive Assessment Inventory (RMAI) was used to determine students' metacognitive knowledge i.e., declarative, procedural and conditional knowledge. An Independent Samples t-test was used for analysis of the data. The lecture method was used in the control groups while the PSM was employed in the experimental group. The post-test results of the experimental and control groups on the bases of knowledge about cognition i.e., declarative, procedural and condition knowledge shows the difference was significant to reject the null hypothesis of H01 to H04 confirming a significant difference between the post-test of experimental groups taught through lecture and problem-solving method. The significant difference between the mean scores of both tests shows that students taught through the problem-solving method had prominent increase in metacognitive knowledge i.e., declarative procedural and conditional knowledge.


Recently, Our average life span of korean people is extended and fast-growing an elderly population caused by Being Improved our living conditions and medical science level. Our another problems which being faced by an aging population are that marked psychological and social changes of the aged. The psychological changes of the aged is related to how they make their living and it strong influences on their successful aging process. For health of the aged, there is an urgent need of recreation which can be social activities to void decline their own process of thinking and the executive ability to adapt for controlling health. Therefore, thepurpose of this recreation Courseware program is to help the alienated minorities to achieve the optimal health and best quality of life based on the knowledge of the social-activities and to understand the korean traditional culture plays. Finally, This study could contribute it as a baseline model for the empirical study and to develop further recreation program for the elderly social activities and sufficient for needs of understanding our traditional culture plays.


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Ground States and Folding Dynamics of Colloidal Clusters ELLEN KLEIN, W. BENJAMIN ROGERS, VINOTHAN N. MANOHARAN, Harvard University — We experimentally study colloidal clusters consisting of N<100 spherical particles with short range, isotropic interactions. These clusters are a model system for understanding colloidal self-assembly and dynamics, since the positions and motion of the particles can be observed in real space. For N ≤ 10 the ground states are degenerate; previous work1 has shown that the probabilities of observing specific clusters depend primarily on their rotational entropy, which is determined by symmetry. Thus, less symmetric structures are more frequently observed. However, for large N the ground state should be a highly symmetric close-packed lattice. We seek to understand how this transition occurs as a function of N.To do this, we coat colloidal particles with complementary DNA strands that induce a short-range, temperature dependent interparticle attraction. We then assemble and anneal an ensemble of clusters with N ≥ 10. We characterize the number of apparent ground states, their symmetries, and their probabilities as a function of N . We also observe how these clusters fold into minimal-energy configurations by subjecting them to an electric field that we then relax. 1The Free-Energy Landscape of Clusters of Attractive Hard Spheres, G. Meng, et. al. Science 327 563 (2010). Ellen Klein Harvard University Date submitted: 14 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


To the editor: The macroscopic rendering of a surgical gynecologic specimen can sometimes be difficult, particularly if the medical practitioner is faced with a rare and complex condition. In the last years the radiological imaging has made great strides in this direction. However, these sophisticated techniques are not without risks for the patients (e.g., ionizing radiation, contrast medium) and they cannot always be easily accessible. Under this perspective, a new generation of three-dimensional (3D) imaging softwares for the anatomical rendering of the human body, and related surgical pathologies, are in the development phase [1]. We have recently tested one of these platforms with encouraging results in a 39-year-old female, affected by a high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, arisen in the context of an extrapelvic endometriotic focus at the level of the right inguinal ligament. Inguinal endometriosis is a rare condition occurring in only 0.6% of women and it is usually associated with previous pelvic surgery [2]. Our patient in fact was submitted to the surgical removal of an endometriotic scar of the right parametrium 9 years ago. The occurrence of an endometrial stromal sarcoma within an endometriotic nodule is a rare, but possible, event, previously described at the level of vulva, vagina, ovary, round ligament, rectosigmoid colon, terminal ileum, abdominal wall, and sciatic nerve [3,4,5,6,7]. In our case, the sarcoma had grown from the right inguinal ligament until reaching 23.5 cm of maximal diameter. It was bordered by a discontinuous pseudo-capsule and the presurgical computed tomography (CT)-scan showed a diffuse infiltrative front of growth in the surrounding deep tissues. For this reason, the patient was promptly submitted to a software-assisted surgery with abdominal wall reconstruction. Starting from the CT images, the software has been developed to upload them and to assign a predefined color in relation to the signal intensity. Then, it has worked using different subtraction filters and a 3D-space vision. More in detail, it has been possible to tip and rotate the neoplasia through 360°, removing anatomical layers, in order to view any pathological structure, and making easier to explain complex surgical correlations. The subtraction filters available were: dermal subtraction filter, superficial muscular subtraction filter, deep muscular subtraction filter, and visceral subtraction filter. The software has been able to detect the neoplasia origin from the right inguinal ligament and to better define the infiltration front, favoring a radical surgery (Fig. 1). It has been proved a useful tool in the surgical and pathological approach to this unique case, never reported in literature. Its major advantages appear to be the running on portable electronic devices, such as notebook or tablet, an easy-touse interface with intuitive functionality, and the opportunity to purchase for each unit. For the future, an implementation with standardization of software-assisted procedures could be useful in the gynecologic management of the patients affected by uncommon malignancies.

Fig. 1

(A) A longitudinal digitalized image of the abdomen, centered on the umbilicus, is seen without application of subtraction filters. (B) The dermal subtraction filter allows to remove the skin surface, which does not show pathological alterations. (C) ...


The conventional methods for carrying out fluorination of organic compounds are typically conducted using a pre-modified starting material, usually expensive and toxic reagents. In this regard, electrochemical fluorination has been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy. Electrofluorination has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective, and versatile platform for the synthesis of selective organofluorine compounds under mild conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for vicinal difluorination, iodofluorination, fluoroalkynylation, fluorodecarboxylation, fluoro desulfurization, radiofluorination, and synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles. Modern advances in the field of electrochemical fluorination, such as ionic liquids mediated electrochemical fluorination, triethylammonium halides, mixed non-aqueous solvents, alkali–metal fluoride, and split-bipolar electrodes in the field of electrochemical fluorination are also discussed.


Critical thinking has received increasing attention as an educational goal. Critical thinking refers to the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome (Halpern,1999). The desire or inclination to use critical thinking is reflected in a number of personal attributes, known as critical thinking dispositions (Jin, G., Bierma, T. J., Broadbear, J.T., 2004). This paper explores the critical thinking disposition of freshman and senior students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences of Ankara University. The Turkish version of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) was used to sample collage students. Factor analytic research grounded in the analysis of critical thinking describes seven aspects of the overall disposition toward Critical Thinking: truth seeking, open-mindedness, analycity, systematicity, self confidence and inquisitiveness and maturity. Entering freshman students and fourth year senior students' disposition scores in all subcategories except for truth-seeking are consistently above 40. It means that they are not weak; however since their disposition scores are between 40 and 50, they are not enough strong either. The truth- seeking disposition is weak in all four departments.


The relative permeability of oil-water two-phase flow is an important parameter in fractured petroleum reservoirs. It is widely accepted that the sum of relative permeabilities is less than 1. In this study, a series of experiments have been conducted on six rectangular fractures for oil-water two-phase flows. Analytical investigations of the effects of flow rate, aspect ratio, and fracture size on the relative permeability of oil-water two-phase are analysed. Basic fluid flow equations are combined to develop a new analytical model for water-oil two-phase flow in a horizontal fracture. The simulation results predicted by this model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The relative permeability is a function of flow ratio, viscosity ratio, aspect ratio and saturation. It increases as aspect ratio increases if the fracture depths are the same, while it decreases as aspect ratio increases if the fracture widths are identical. Both experiment and model indicate that the sum of relative permeabilities of oil and water is greater than 1 in some cases, different from the accepted view.


This paper studies a single beacon-based three-dimensional multirobot localization (MRL) problem. Unlike most of existing localization algorithms which use extended Kalman filter or maximum a posteriori, moving horizon estimation (MHE), and convex optimization are novelly designed to perform MRL with constraints and unknown initial poses. The main contribution of this paper is three-fold: 1) a constrained MHE-based localization algorithm, which can bound localization error, impose various constraints and compromise between computational complexity and estimator accuracy, is proposed to estimate robot poses; 2) constrained optimization is examined in the perspective of Fisher information matrix to analyze why and how multirobot information and constraints are able to reduce uncertainties; 3) a semidefinite programming-based initial pose estimation, which can efficiently converge to global optimum, is developed by using convex relaxation. Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


The present work deals with the numerical prediction of the combustion noise of a newly developing aeronautical diesel engine. The study has been performed on a three dimensional basis by the integration of FEM and BEM codes integration, in order to correlate the radiated noise with the combustion pressure distribution inside the cylinders. The last purpose of such a procedure is the characterization of the engine in terms of acoustic power to be determine according to normative ISO 3746. The set of actions that have been performed may be summarized as follows: 1. Starting from the CAD model, a 3-D finite element model of the engine has been realized; 2. The model has been characterized in terms of eigen-frequencies and modes 3. The surface vibration velocity has been measured under the in-cylinder combustion pressure load (at the investigated engine speeds); 4. Direct BEM approach has been than that used to evaluate the radiated noise field in terms of sound pressure at 1 meter of distance and in terms of sound power according to the ISO 3746. These results have been used as driving parameters for successive engine structural design and will be later on experimentally verified . FEM/BEM Approach The test article presented in the paper is represented by a newly developing aeronautical diesel engine with 6 cylinders disposed to V with an angle equal to 180°. The engine is symmetric in respect to the axes y, as shown in figure 1. In this way, it has been possible to realize a FE Model of half engine. This condition has the advantage to study half propeller, aiming to reduce calculation time. The geometrical model has been, therefore, modified by the Solidworks 2004 software for the preparation of this mesh process; in particular, the calculation model will be constituted by the half engine, as it is visible in figure 1. Figure 1.Cad Model modified


The Mediterranean dietary pattern, where extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) takes the central spot, is related to longer life expectancy and lower risk of a number of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, diabetes, dementias, and cancer. Positive effect of olive oil on a broad spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), is usually attributed to its fatty acid content (e.g., oleic acid). Yet, in the last two decades researchers confirmed that, the phenolic compounds (e.g., oleuropein) also significantly alter on glycaemic regulation. Other unprocessed parts of olive plant (fruit and leaves) showed positive impact on glycaemic variability among individuals living with DMT2. The present review focuses on the available research findings on the effect of olive oil, fruits, and leaves on DMT2 treatment. Specifically, the focus is on polyphenols and fats of olive oil, fruits, and leaves with regard to their antidiabetic biological activities.


Based on the practical work,this paper discusses the theory of 3D terrain visualization and introduces the realizing process with the help of OpenGL and advanced program language.Besides,it discusses the method of realization of some analysis functions, including contours,slope calculating,visible analysis and flood analysis.


Women with different identity and migration origins represent one of the most significant groups in the migration flows of the Mediterranean in recent years and the intersection of their religious identity and gender has been often neglected in migration policies. The paper applies the method of Critical Frame Analysis (CFA) to analyze the ways in which European policy documents address the intersection between gender and religious diversity. Through the CFA, the article examines the European Agenda on Migration and the priorities identified in the text. The analysis of the document is based on recent case studies of trafficked Nigerian women, which provide examples of the dangerous invisibility of ethnic and religious women in the priorities highlighted in the policy document of the European Commission. The CFA results show that the European Agenda on Migration, in responding to the increased number of arriving migrants from Africa and in designing a new approach towards mixed migration flows, lacks any reference to the gender perspective of migration and gender mainstreaming is missing from the text. The neutrality of the document and the securitization frame applied does not take into perspective the importance of recognizing a gender and intersectional dimension of migration flows, which impacts primarily women coming from African countries beholding strong religious beliefs.


The paper proposes a methodological tool to improve the methods of policy evaluation. The research work underlying this article has been conducted in a two-disciplinary approach, combining the field of economics with that of information systems. The first part of the paper is devoted to a review of the literature in the field of public policy evaluation aimed at identifying the difficulties of evaluation. In a second stage, the problem of labor is explained. Then the DPN tool (doxai-principles-standards) is presented. Its aim is to help reveal the chains that link the visions of the world (paradigms, values) with the indicators of evaluation, by way of the structuring level of the principles. The tool is compared with the evaluation difficulties identified in the literature. An application of the tool is the third stage of the article, leading to proposals for indicators for the evaluation of territorial economic development policies.


Fluorescence imaging technology combined with a >2MW/cm2 damage threshold, fluorescent plate and a CMOS camera was developed for real-time 2D beam profiling of high-power lasers without any attenuators and any image reconstructions.


The development and problems of animal cloning technologies were reviewed,and the huge application value and potential developmental prospect in related areas were presented.


The impacts of HfOx inserting layer thickness on the electrical properties of the ZnO-based transparent resistance random access memory (TRRAM) device were investigated in this paper. The bipolar resistive switching behavior of a single ZnO film and bilayer HfOx/ZnO films as active layers for TRRAM devices was demonstrated. It was revealed that the bilayer TRRAM device with a 10-nm HfOx inserted layer had a more stable resistive switching behavior than other devices including the single layer device, as well as being forming free, and the transmittance was more than 80% in the visible region. For the HfOx/ZnO devices, the current conduction behavior was dominated by the space-charge-limited current mechanism in the low resistive state (LRS) and Schottky emission in the high resistive state (HRS), while the mechanism for single layer devices was controlled by ohmic conduction in the LRS and Poole–Frenkel emission in the HRS.


We propose and analyze a scheme for realizing tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and reflection (CPR) in a three-level $\Lambda$-type atom-cavity system. With EIT-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, the scheme provides a new method of attaining tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By different coupling strength, the system can be excited from linear CPA regime into nonlinear even bistable CPA regime without changing the frequency of the probe field, where the hysteresis cycle of the bistability is controllable. In addition, the CPA regime can be transferred into the near CPR regime with controllable atomic coherence and linear absorption induced by an incoherent pump field. Our work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on extreme absorption (0% and 100%), which can potentially be applied in logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.


Buckling distortion is inevitable in thin-walled structures. This is one of the main problems which affect the quality of welded products. In reccnt years a method called low stress non-distortion (LSND) welding has been devclopcd based on an experimental approach. In this paper a calculating technique is developed to aid the analysis of this problem.


This paper considers how various types of Markov chains can be used to help forecast the purchase behaviour of customers. The models are used in a case study of the purchase behaviour of the customers of a major insurance company.As well as looking at the impact of relaxing the first order Markov and time homogeneity assumptions which are usually used in Markov chain models, the paper also looks at models based on mover-stayer ideas and ones which enlarge the state space by including the type of purchase as well as the time of purchase. One important aspect of long term customer relationships such as those which occur in the insurance and assurance industry is the impact of changes in the economy. The final section show how these can be incorporated into Markov chain models and how they can make a significant difference to the quality of the predictions.


In this paper we consider a class of non-Lipschitz and non-convex minimization problems which generalize the L 2 – L p minimization problem. We propose an iterative algorithm that decides the next iteration based on the local convexity/con-cavity/sparsity of its current position. We show that our algorithm finds an (cid:2) -KKT point within O ( log (cid:2) − 1 ) iterations from certain initial points. The same result is also applied to the problem with general linear constraints under mild conditions


This paper deals with a number of experimental measurements curried out to evaluate the behavior of a BP 380 photovoltaic (PV) module under real environmental test conditions and for different values of load. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) connected to a DC-DC boost converter is applied to extract the maximum available power generated by solar PV modules in order to supply load demands under varying solar irradiance and cell temperature. In the first part, the implementation of the system has been made with Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results of the BP 380 PV model under meteorological standard conditions have been accomplished. The second part presents experimental results of the system under real test conditions and for various load demand scenarios. The performances of the control system are then validated.


Implicit functions provide a fundamental basis to model 3D objects, no matter they are rigid or deformable, in computer graphics and geometric modeling. This paper introduces a new constructive scheme of implicitly-defined 3D objects based on products of implicit functions. This scheme is in contrast with popular approaches like blobbies, meta balls and soft objects, which rely on the sum of specific implicit functions to fit a 3D object to a set of spheres.


Healthcare work and learning are interdependent. However, it is possible for work and learning to conflict. For example, if healthcare is under pressure, then time for learning may suffer. Likewise, if time for learning is under pressure, then the quality of healthcare may suffer. From a financial perspective, it is sometimes tempting to quantify the costs and benefits of both work and learning. We aim to disentangle some of the issues that arise when such economic forces are dominant.


The report describes the biomonitoring survey conducted in 2015 in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB), which contributes to the evaluation of the overall ecological health of the river.


Aiming at the incapability of real time monitoring the breaks of network with the application of the Safe Separation and Information Exchange system in the communication between land and board,the present design scheme was studied and the disadvantages were improved.Analyzing from the operation principle of the network equipments such as the Safe Separation and Information Exchange system,negotiate transducer and the requirement of network transfering the information,the OPENET software simulation and the performance test were passed,validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.The new scheme can achieve the function of monitoring the breaks of the network in real time and strengthen the confidentiality of data.


In a recent article, Chiang and Hsu [The Journal of Chemical Physics 153, 044103 (2020)] examine one and two site electronic junctions identically connected to finite reservoirs. For these two examples, they derive analytical solutions, as well as provide asymptotic analyses, for the steady-state current from the driven Liouville-von Neumann (DLvN) equation - an open system approach to transport where relaxation maintains a bias. We previously derived the general solution for the steady-state current in both the DLvN and its many-body analog [Gruss et al., Scientific Reports 6, 24514 (2016)]. The many-body analog is a Lindblad master equation, which, when restricted to non-interacting systems, is exactly the DLvN. Here, we demonstrate that analytic expressions, of the type of Chiang and Hsu's two particular formulas, are a consequence of the assumption of identical left and right reservoirs (i.e., ones that have the same density of states and coupling to the system), which we did not assume in deriving our general expressions. This brief calculation immediately generalizes Chiang and Hsu's result. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis of Chiang and Hsu largely replicates our prior calculations, where we provided a more general derivation for the large relaxation limit. We also previously demonstrated that the DLvN convergences to the Landauer limit for arbitrary systems and analyzed convergence in terms of the reservoirs' lesser Green's functions. Our approach sheds light on the behavior Chiang and Hsu observe for destructive interference. In a companion article, we derive even more general results.


Abstract For Beckett, the process of writing plays became inseparable from their performance, and his work as director of his own dramas is evidence of the merging of these aspects of their creation. In Not I, incorporating probably Beckett's most stunning stage image, the rather minimalist stage directions create a delicate visual and aural composition of voice and (fragmented) bodies. This article aims to consider some of the guidelines Beckett wrote in the verbal text of Not I, or set forth after his directorial involvement; both being an attempt to establish his own 'standard of performance'. It will subsequently offer an analysis of how these guidelines have been read and rewritten for the performance of Yo no, a Spanish production which introduced significant changes to Beckett's standard mise-en-scène. This analysis will seek to bring such controversy over Beckett's authorship and canon into the field of intercultural theatre.


Objective: To investigate the effect of hydroxychloroquine use on choroid, central macula and fovea thickness and visual field. Material and Methods: This study included 66 eyes of 33 patients (Group 1) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis and at least one year of regular hydroxychloroquine use and 52 eyes of 26 healthy subjects in the same age group as control group (Group 2). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in all cases. The OCT findings of both groups were compared with each other. In all cases 24-2 and 10-2 Humphrey visual field (GA) tests were performed. The relationship between visual field and OCT results was examined. Results: There was not a significant difference in terms of mean age and sex between two groups. There was no significant difference in choroid, central macula and foveal thickness in both groups. In Group 1, a significant change in the mean deviation was detected in the 10-2 visual field test. In Group 1, peripheral sensitization was detected in one eye in 7 patients and in both eyes in 3 patients. Conclusion: Although the effect of hydroxychloroquine on the mean of 24 months and over subfoveal choroidal thickness, central macula and foveal thickness was not detected, significant change in mean deviation in 10-2 Humphrey visual field test was found in cases with no OCT changes.


Defense Energy Program Policy Memorandum 91-2, Executive Orders 12759 and 12902, and the Clean Air Act Amendments all impact Department of Defense (DOD) facility operations. This study is part of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, which seeks to develop tools to help DOD industrial operators make informed decisions whether to change/modify processes, or to adopt new technologies to achieve energy and environmental goals. Initial efforts of this project reviewed DOD industrial operations and developed a Level-I process energy and pollution reduction (PEPR) analysis tool to help installations prepare prioritized implementation plans to meet required energy and environmental goals. The study concluded that, by aggressively pursuing the PEPR technique, as much as a 70 percent process energy reduction is possible, while collateral economic benefits often surpass the energy savings.


We adopt differ method for corresponding differ accuracy in radiowave refractive errors correction.Atmospheric sphere sublayer method is used now.We derive the method from on condition that homosphere,so the method is adopted for arbitrary atmosphere,the formulas have certain error apart from no homosphere bring about error.Radiowave refractive errors are calculated by atmospheric profile of a mountainous area using arbitrary atmosphere method and atmospheric sphere sublayer method for three radar measure system,the formula errors method and atmospheric sphere sublayer method for three radar measure system,the formula errors of atmospheric sphere sublayer sublayer method are gived.


ABSTRACT COVID-19 posits two risks to developing countries. On the one hand, growing COVID-19 cases exposed the vulnerabilities of the already debilitating health sector, while, on the other hand, policies to control the spread of COVID-19 can exasperate economic disparities. In this article, we examine one such policy response to control the spread of COVID-19 by the Government of Pakistan, the National Lockdown. This study assesses a plausible impact of this policy response on income equality across Pakistan. By exploiting a nationally representative household survey, it is observed that COVID-19 induced national lockdown is associated with increased income inequality in Pakistan. Our estimates show that about a 16 percent increase in income differences between the top 10 and the bottom 10 percent of the population could be associated with national lockdowns. Gini Coefficient also indicates an up to 3 percent increase in inequality after lockdown. At the disaggregated level, the suggestive evidence shows that inequality has increased within the urban population. Interestingly, the lockdown has also increased the inequality within occupations that can be managed remotely from home.


University of Minnesota Ed.D. dissertation. December 2014. Major: Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 299 pages, appendices A-L.


Alterations in TGF-β1 signalling in renal cancer are accompanied by disturbed
expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). TGF-β1 is an important
regulator of key cellular processes and contributes to the development
of many diseases, including cancer. At early cancer stages, TGF-β1 inhibits
proliferation and tumour growth, while as the disease progresses,
TGF-β1 stimulates metastasis. This dual TGF-β1 effect in cancers is
called the "TGF-β1 paradox". miRNAs – small, noncoding RNAs which
regulate genes expression may contribute to the switching of TGF-β1
from suppressor to oncogenic function. The article presents the latest
information regarding mutual regulation between miRNAs and the
TGF-β1 signalling pathway as well as its potential role in the treatment
of kidney cancer.


The discussion here covers five articles that are linked in the sense that they all treat population invariance. This discussion of population invariance is a somewhat broader treatment of the subject than simply a discussion of these five articles. In particular, occasional reference is made to publications other than those in this issue.


Low mass surface density spiral and irregular galaxies like low surface brightness (LSB) and dwarf galaxies are unique laboratories to study the dynamical properties of Dark Matter halos because their mass is generally dominated by dark matter at all galactocentric radii. We present results from the largest sample ever assembled of high resolution Halpha velocity fields of LSB and dwarf galaxies in order to study their mass distributions.


Increasing energy costs and environmental issues related to the Internet and wired networks continue to be a major concern. Energy-efficient or power-aware networks continue to gain interest in the research community. Existing energy reduction approaches do not fully address all aspects of the problem. We consider the problem of reducing energy by turning off network links, while achieving acceptable load balance, by adjusting link weights. In this research, we optimize two objectives, which are minimizing network energy consumption by maximizing utilization of shortest paths, and at the same time achieving load-balance by minimizing network Maximum Link Utilization (MLU). Increasing utilization of shortest paths provides the opportunity to switch off nodes and links, thus saving network power. This research proposes a new approach that relies on live data collected from wired networks, and performs Multi Objective Optimization (MOO) using a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) that applies alternative adaptive strategies in order to optimize both objectives. Research to date has focused on the link level or traffic load balance, to minimize energy consumption, while putting less focus on utilizing adaptive strategic techniques that optimize multi objectives problems. This work proposes a novel approach to select underutilized links to go to sleep using adaptive strategies of MOO that are aware of traffic changes. Re-computing the algorithm should take less than a minute, while network traffic is frequently updated every few minutes. The hybrid approach we proposed was able to reduce the power consumption by 35%, while reducing MLU by 31% for specific traffic pattern used in Abilene network topology.


The aim of this study is to compare the linguistic proficiency levels of lecturers and students, using an online lecture passage dictation as an anchor item between the two tests developed for students and lecturers. The article also reports on the use of the said dictation as a means of the assessment justification (Bachman, 2013) of the proficiency test offered via at a University in Latvia Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) system (Online 1), making the test available in different parts of the world. The main finding is that the lecturers and their students' language proficiency is comparable when using Gary Buck's (2001) and Common European Framework of Reference (2006) frameworks of phonological, orthographic, lexical, syntactical and discourse competence levels.


A series of maps is presented which show the structure and variability of the components of the CO condensation Cep A East. New observations made at 20 cm, 6 cm, and 2 cm show that there have been changes of at least 30 percent in the total flux from at least four of about 14 compact H II regions in Cep A East during 1982-1986. The results for one highly variable component indicate that large variations in ionization can possibly occur in a one-year period. The spectral indices of four of the more compact components indicate optically thick regions in their cores; together with the presence of OH and H2O maser emission, this indicates that some compact components are internally excited by starlike objects. The compact components probably represent the initial stages of formation of early main-sequence stars with mass greater than five solar. 26 references.


Comment.-Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-SchOller-Christian disease and eosinophil granuloma of bone are conditions with so much in common that they may justifiably be regarded as variants of a single pathological process (Farber, S., 1941, Amer. J. Path., 17, 625). In spite of this common ground in pathology and the not infrequent occurrence of intermediate forms the clinical picture of LettererSiwe disease remains relatively clear cut and it is generally agreed that, unlike Hand-Schtiller-Christian disease and eosinophil granuloma of bone, the condition is usually rapidly fatal. The only other report of prolonged remission or recovery is that of a case which was treated with streptomycin (Aronson, R. P., 1951, Lancet, i, 889). The case under discussion has now shown a striking clinical response to cortisone on two occasions, and treatment has continued for periods of three and a half months and thirteen months without serious complication. In spite of the apparent change in the clinical course of the disease there has been no evidence of progression to the formation of lesions resembling the more benign eosinophil granuloma of bone. Treatment will be continued in the hope that complete spontaneous recovery will eventually occur.


To identify the minimally important difference (MID) of the EQ‐5D‐3L and determinants of change in quality of life (QoL) as measured by the EQ‐5D‐3L over 1 year for Chinese type 2 diabetic patients (T2DPs).


Political civilization plays an important role in building a harmonious society,and it is an important feature and part of a harmonious society.Political civilization provides a solid ideological basis for building a harmonious society.However,today there are still many problems in the building of political civilization in China.Political cultural development is uneven,so we must strengthen the building of political civilization,consolidate the ideological foundation for a harmonious society.


Changes in government policies and attitudes in the United Kingdom put the long-established autonomy of universities under pressure. The impact on academic staff is dramatic.


Objective:To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of toprimate in children epilepsy.Methods:topiramate was used in 69 children with newly diagnosed epilepsy or as supplementary therapy for those poorly controlled patients frequency of after full dose toprimate was studied based on episode 3 month before topiramate therapy or ≥2 times episode patients and then calculate effective percentage.Results:The total effectiveness of topiramate for childhood epilepsy is 85.5% with 56.5% in topiramate use alone and 52.2% in those of topiramate supplement therapy. There is 33.3% cases.in minor manifestation except 2 with frequent onset. Conclusion:Topiramate may be used as a first line drug for childhood epilepsy for its effectiveness and safety.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the role of employee flourishing as a mechanism to explain the relationship between workplace spirituality and employees' innovative work behavior (IWB). Furthermore, this study investigates how the relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative behavior is moderated by employees' perceived workplace satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachBased on structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 236 millennial workers in China's service and manufacturing industries.FindingsThe research findings confirmed that workplace spirituality positively predicted the innovative behavior of employees; furthermore, employee flourishing and workplace satisfaction mediated and moderated the relationship between workplace spirituality and employee innovation, respectively.Practical implicationsThis study's findings suggest that workplace spirituality unlocks employees' innovative behavior through a heightened sense of flourishing and enhanced sense of workplace satisfaction. Organizations are advised to foster a climate conducive of workplace spirituality by developing mutually aligned values. Moreover, organizations are advised to train leaders on workplace spirituality dimensions and foster workplace practices that facilitate self-reflection, job crafting and team building, as a means of broadening employees' emotional states and workplace satisfaction.Originality/valueFew studies have examined the mechanisms that shape employees' innovative behavior through workplace spirituality. This study fills several research gaps by extending the theoretical implications of workplace spirituality and employee flourishing, as demonstrated by the multi-faceted role these variables play in motivating employees' innovative behavior among Chinese millennials. Additionally, this study demonstrates that higher levels of workplace satisfaction contribute to higher levels of innovative behavior.


An algebraic framework for compilers is developed in which a precise relationship is established between the concrete (parsing) syntax and the abstract syntax of a language. An interesting application of this theory is the design of a syntax-analyzer, Syn. Syn is dual purpose; it can be used batch style as the component of a traditional compiler or interactively as a program-structure editor. It is language relative in that it is parameterized by the syntactic structure of a language.
The Syn editor exploits the precise relationship between the concrete and abstract syntaxes of a language to provide the best features of both structural and textual editing. Previous attempts to combine structural and textual editing have resulted in an inconsistent treatment of language constructs. Here, all language constructs are treated uniformly. Programs are entered as text with the aid of templates. Templates are invoked through source language program fragments. As a program is entered an abstract-syntax tree for that program is incrementally constructed. Infix operators in expressions cause no problems and are entered in infix notation. Text editing is provided in such a way as to complement structure editing. The user can interactively select structurally significant program fragments to edit as text. An edited fragment is reintegrated into the program by parsing just that fragment. This is accomplished without modification of the parsing technique.
SAC, a syntax-analyzer constructor, accepts an annotated grammar, a context-free grammar (CFG) augmented with simple, terse annotations as input and produces the language dependent tables that drive Syn. An annotated grammar defines a mapping from source language programs to abstract-syntax trees (ASTs). Syn implements this mapping. From an annotated grammar, SAC produces an abstract-syntax grammar (ASG) that describes the class of ASTs that comprise the range of this mapping. Since the parsing grammar is often inappropriate for the user interface of the editor, the templates are displayed in terms of the ASG.
This thesis does not deal with the engineering issues involved in program editing; it does lay a solid foundation for simultaneously viewing programs via text and structure.


2 Universitatea din Bucuresti, Facultatea de Biologie, Splaiul Independenţei, nr. 91-95, RO-050095 Bucuresti Abstract: Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) A. Love & D. Love is a perennial monocarpic crassulacean, having hexamerous flowers, with yellow(ish) petals and ciliated leaves, glabrescent or glandular hairy on both sides. The species is a characteristic carpato-balcanic (dacian) element, with a range spanning between 18°E- 27°E meridians. In Romania it is distributed throughout the country, showing wide ecological amplitude, the species inhabiting preponderantly dryer habitats in higher rocky locations. The region involved in our study spans North of Danube being limited approximately by the 46°N parallel to the North, comprising a wide variety of habitats from the Danube flood plains to the highest peaks in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains (an altitude ranging between n 50-2550m s.m.), with a climate and edaphic conditions similarly diverse. Our study presents a more precise distribution list of the locations from which Jovibarba heuffelii was mentioned and a grid map in the UTM projection system of the species distribution in Southern Carpathian Mountains, together with some chorological and ecological considerations with regard to biotic and abiotic factors involved in its distribution.


Examples were cited to illustrate the application of dacromet technology in automobile industry. It was pointed out that the automobile parts could be effectively prevented from corrosion by making use of dacromet coating technology.


This report presents a prototype architecture for an active derense mechanism for computer systems. The intrusion detection problem is introduced and some of the key aspects of any solution arc explained. Previous allempts to use similar techniques are discussed, and their shortcomings are explained. A new architecture is proposed which uses Genetic Programming to evolve programs to detect anomalous behaviour in a system. This architecture is developed and evaluated. A sample genetic program is used to discuss some of the design aspects of the agents. Cooperative monitoring of NFS requests shows how the approach can be generalised. The discussion details some issues to be addressed and future research di-


This manuscript introduces a passivity-based integral control approach for fully-actuated mechanical systems. The novelty of our methodology is that we exploit the gyroscopic forces of the mechanical systems to exponentially stabilize the mechanical system at the desired equilibrium even in the presence of matched disturbances; additionally, we show that our approach is robust against unmatched disturbances. Furthermore, we provide tuning rules to prescribe the performance of the closed-loop system. We conclude this manuscript with experimental results obtained from a robotic arm.


In the 1920s and 1930s the main educational center for Africans in Northern Rhodesia was the London Missionary Society station of Mbereshi, in the present Luapula Province of Zambia. The most prestigious institution of the Mbereshi complex was Mbereshi Girls' Boarding School, the earliest girls' school in Northern Rhodesia. Under Mabel Shaw, principal from 1915 to 1940, this school gained an international reputation. This article examines the school's attempt to inculcate a form of Christian neo-traditionalism as a defense for its girls, who were educated above all for Christian marriage, against what Mabel Shaw saw as the superstition and degradation of village "paganism" and against the viciousness and materialism of what she considered to be neo-pagan African urban life. Struggling with this Janus-like enemy, Mabel Shaw's thinking followed a deeply spiritual trajectory which contrasted and ultimately clashed with the approach of the secular colonial education authorities.1