In order to solve the problem that the old fire compatibility constraint model is inconsistent with the real combat situation, this paper constructs a new fire compatibility constraint model by using the reciprocal function instead of the piecewise function of the old fire compatibility constraint model, and embed the new fire compatibility constraint model into the target assignment model. Through simulation analysis, compared with the old model, the new model can consider the fire compatibility constraints among multiple weapons under complex conditions.


A method for acquisition and processing of marine seismic signals to extract up-going and down-going wave-fields from a seismic energy source includes deploying at least two marine seismic energy sources at different depths in a body of water. These seismic energy sources are actuated with known time delays that are varied from shot record to shot record. Seismic signals from sources deployed at different depths are recorded simultaneously. Seismic energy corresponding to each of the sources is extracted from the recorded seismic signals. Up-going and down-going wave-fields are extracted from the sources deployed at different depths using the extracted seismic energy therefrom. A method includes the separated up-going and down-going wave-fields are propagated to a water surface or a common reference, the up-going or the down-going wave-field is 180 degree phase shifted, and the signals from these modified up-going and down-going wave-fields are summed.


GYRO is used to examine the perturbed magnetic field structure generated by electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of the CYCLONE base case as βe is varied from 0.1% to 0.7%, as investigated by J. Candy [Phys. Plasmas 12, 072307 (2005)]. Poincare surface of section plots obtained from integrating the self-consistent magnetic field demonstrates widespread stochasticity for all nonzero values of βe. Despite widespread stochasticity of the perturbed magnetic fields, no significant increase in electron transport is observed. The magnetic diffusion, dm [A. B. Rechester and M. N. Rosenbluth, Phys. Rev. Lett 40, 38 (1978)], is used to quantify the degree of stochasticity and related to the electron heat transport for hundreds of time slices in each simulation.


Effects of different content of octylferrocene(T27),carbon black(C),lead chromate(Pr) and their combination on high and low pressure combustion characteristics of nitramine propellants containing fine HMX were studied on the basis of measuring the burning rates of propellant strands using underwater acoustic emission method.Pressure exponent in a certain pressure range was also calculated according to Veinni equation r=bpn.The results show that burning rate increases with the increase of T27 content.The use of T27 makes the pressure exponent decrease under high pressure,but increase under low pressure.C and Pr has no obvious effects on high pressure burning rate of the propellants.Pressure exponent under low pressure decrease with increase of C content,pressure exponent under high pressure increase first,then decrease markedly with increase of C content.The use of Pr makes pressure exponent decrease a little under low pressure,but makes pressure exponent increase under high pressure.Combination of T27,C and Pr has synergistic effects neither on high and low pressure burning rate,nor on decreasing of pressure exponent under low pressure,while it has synergistic effects on decreasing pressure exponent under high pressure.Pressure exponent under high pressure can be decreased to 0.359 9.


Martin D. Maier is a Principal Rotor Dynamic Analysis Engineer at the Dresser-Rand business, part of Siemens Power and Gas. He has 40 years of experience with Dresser-Rand in torsional and lateral rotor dynamic analysis, coupling, bearing and seal design, and machinery vibration analysis as it relates to product development and production support. His experience includes program automation, engineering standards development and vibration troubleshooting. Mr. Maier received a B.S. degree in Physics in 1977 and a B.S degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1990, both from the Rochester Institute of Technology. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in New York State, since 1991, and is a member of the Vibration Institute with a Level IV, Machinery Analyst Certification. He has received a number of U.S. patents in bearing, seal and aerodynamic design.


The-subsumption problem is crucial to the eeciency of ILP learning systems. We discuss a graph-based-subsumption algorithm for preselecting suitable matching literals. We further map the general problem of-subsumption to the problem of nding a clique of xed size in a graph, and in return show that the pruning strategy of the Carraghan and Pardalos clique algorithm provides a dramatic reduction of the subsumption search space. We also present preliminary empirical results for the mesh design data set.


In early 1989 a small group of bronze objects was found by Mr T Lane using a metal detector in Priory Park (TQ 2515 4940). The group comprised a small socketed axe, a fragment of a sword blade and seven pieces of copper ingot. The axe and the ingot fragments were dispersed around an area of high ground at the east end of the prominent ridge, part of the Lower Greensand formation, which rises in the southern half of the park. The blade fragment was found about 150m away to the north-east, on the north-facing slopes. The group of bronzes lay in an area of bracken some 25m SSW of the commemorative seat at the east end of the ridge and just above a point where a footpath climbs up from Park Lane East (fig 1). It is understood that they were recovered from an area perhaps 5-10m across. None of the bronzes was reported to have been deeply buried; the shallow hole from which the axe was retrieved was still visible. Another fragment of ingot had been recovered by metal detector close to the present find some years previously.1 A small excavation, which it was hoped would place the finds into a context, took place over the weekend of 27-8 May 1989 under the writer's direction and with the kind permission of the Reigate and Banstead Borough Council. Two trenches were opened, their eastern sides sharing a common alignment on the monument. The larger trench, measuring 4 x 3m, encompassed the find spot of the axe. However, apart from a tiny fragment, no further bronze objects were forthcoming. The only layer encountered below the humus was a fairly loose, light brown, rubbly sand, c300mm deep, which overlay sandstone bedrock. A slight ledge which crossed the trench in an east-west orientation is considered to be a natural feature, perhaps root disturbance. No other features were encountered. This trench yielded a small group of pottery of Late Bronze Age character, some of which joined, as well as 24 fragments of worked flint. In fact some sherds were recovered during initial bracken clearance prior to the trench being laid out. The remainder of the pottery was evenly distributed throughout the trench. The second trench, measuring 2 x 2m, was located on flatter ground slightly further north. This met with a similar layer which was more compact and disturbed by roots. This smaller trench yielded a single sherd. A wide-ranging metal detector survey of the general area was undertaken by the late Bob Burtenshaw both prior to and concurrent with the excavation, but only modern material was recovered.


The effect of selected parameters on grinding process of two types of alumina in the rotary-vibration mill (RVM) was presented. The effect of mutual relation between filling, media and suspension ratios as well as the size of grinding media, time and frequencies of chamber mill on grinding of alumina was investigated and the kinetics of grinding of this materials was shown. Investigations revealed that it is possible to obtain fine alumina powders of alumina characterizing with d50 approximately 3 μm and d90 close to 10 μm during about 60 minutes of grinding in RVM. Also, the effect of mentioned above parameters on physical properties of moulders prepared from ground alumina powders was shown. The relations between grinding time and green and fire density and shrinkage was also presented and discussed. The results revealed that longer grinding time inreased both green and fire density and shrinkage of moulders.


T HE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS are clusters of endocrine cells, distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas, representing approximately 1% of its mass. Four types of cells, A, B, D, and P cells, distinguished by their respective locations within the islets and by the size, shape, and hormone content of their secretory granules have been identified in adult islets. All four cell types can develop into tumors, the glucagonsecretion A cells into glucagonomas, the insulinsecreting B cells into insulinomas, the somatostatin-secreting D cells into somatostatinomas, and the pancreatic polypeptide-secreting P cells into PPomas. Insulinomas, glucagonomas, and somatostatinomas are associated with distinct clinical syndromes. This is apparently not the case with PPomas as the physiologic function of human pancreatic poiypeptide remains to be established. In this chapter, the clinical and pathological features of two islet cell tumors, insulinomas"' and glucagonomas, are briefly reviewed.


In this paper,the styrene was used as reactive diluent in modified BMI resin to decrease the viscosity of resin,because of its advantage in improving the adhesion property of the fiber and matrix during preparing T700/BMI composite materials.The DSC and IR spectrum testing has been carried out in order to describe the reaction of the styrene,BMI resin and diallylbisphenol A,the DSC curve indicates the curing temperature of the resin is reduced greatly after adding in styrene.In addition,the paper was noticed that the styrene had significant influence on the mechanical properties of T700/BMI composite materials.The results show the tensile strength,flexure strength and interlaminar shear strength of T700/BMI composite materials are enhanced with the increase of the styrene content in resin,but the tensile strength decreases when the styrene content exceeding 15%(W%).On the contrary,the flexure strength and interlaminar shear strength still increase until the styrene content exceeding 25%(W%).Thus the conclusion can be reached that it is the reasonable rate of styrene in resin about 15%~25%(W%).


Numerical calculations for porous magnesium with cylindrical oriented pores showed significant influences of active deformation modes in magnesium (Mg) on distinctive "two-stage deformation behavior" during compression. Calculated results also imply that larger grain aspect ratio results in better energy absorption efficiency.


Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and peritoneal transport properties in Peritoneal Dialysis patients.Methods Sixty-nine Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)patients were enrolled in current study.All patients underwent echocardiography for left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Transport status was categorized as high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport based on modified peritoneal equilibration test (PET).The data collected included hemoglobin,albumin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urea clearance (Kt/V) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr),dialysis vintage,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure.Results Patients with high transport status were 41 cases,more than those with low transport status(28 cases).The dialysis age of high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport vintage were (39.2 ± 21.8),(26.6 ±15.6),(28.6 ± 14.4),(45.7 ± 35.0) years old respectively,and the difference was significant (F =4.128,P < 0.05).The dialysis age in the higher transport group was longer than that in high average transport group and low average transport group (P < 0.05).LVMI has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr at 4th hour,SBP and DBP (r =0.339,0.351,0.316,P < 0.01) and the negative correlation with albmin (r =-0.292,P <0.05).Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) in all patients was 63.8%,ant it was higher in high transport group than that low average transport and low transport group (x2 =5.455,5.091,P < 0.05) Conclusion High transport status is the most common in CAPD patients.There is high incident rate of LVH in this population.LVH has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr,higher SBP,DBP,and lower albumin.

Key words:
Peritoneal Dialysis;  Left ventricular hypertrophy;  Transport property;  Echocardiography


Four species of Botryocladia are present Natal, B. madagascariensis and B. beckeriana being previously recorded in this region, and the range of B. leptopoda is extended southward from Tanzania to northern Natal. The fourth species is a new species, B. pienaarii, that was found growing in lower intertidal and subtidal habitats


The problem existing in congestion control is analyzed.The network congestion rate is researched based on queuing theory model,a basic model is proposed by studying the problem of network congestion from router,an algorithm for solving the instantaneous congestion rate is presented and the analytical formula of stable congestion rate is obtained.The numerical result shows that we can pro-perly decreasethe congestion rate by increasing cachememory,however,overage cache memory may increase the congestion rate.Fur-thermore,by increasing the speed of CPU of the router can also decrease the congestion rate.


Detailed polarized spectral properties of Tm3+:NaLa(MoO4)2 crystal have been investigated. The polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay curves were measured at room temperature. The fluorescence decay mechanisms of the G14 and H34 multiplets were discussed. Spectroscopic parameters related to the laser operation at around 1.9 μm via the F34→H36 transition have been evaluated. Room-temperature quasi-cw 1.9 μm laser emission from a Ti:sapphire laser pumped Tm3+:NaLa(MoO4)2 crystal has been demonstrated. The maximum output power of 0.5 W has been achieved with a slope efficiency of 50%.


Children are the future of our country and the hope of the nation. However, due to the particularity of the children, their products in fact caused tremendous waste of resources. The application of new eco-friendly materials could slove the problem. "Green design" and " ecological design" is the design concept in today's society, to protect the social environment and save the global resources. This paper, from the green design and ecological design perspective, discusses the combination of the two, children product design and the new eco-friendly materials, and the wonderful prospect of both Children product and ecological environment.


Atmospheric conditions can exert a powerful influence on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in space and time. Low wind speeds lead to the buildup of high local pollutant concentrations. Strong ventilation with high wind speeds prevents the local build-up near the sources, but contributes to long-range transport and regional ozone particularly during directionally persistent wind conditions. In this work, the dependence of ozone concentration on transport is analyzed by classifying the existing ozone concentration data into wind direction and wind speed bins, followed by concentration averaging in each bin. Given a ten year (1986--1995) sampling record, the dependence of ozone on wind direction and wind speed has been extracted statistically from the climatological records. It was found that for southern urban areas, where episodes are caused by local stagnation, ozone levels decline rapidly with increasing wind speed. In northern cities, more heavily influenced by transport, ozone levels decrease much less rapidly, with increasing wind speeds. Tropospheric background levels of ozone are found at nearly all of the borders of the OTAG domain, with the exception of the Windsor-Quebec corridor. The wind directional analysis indicates that high ozone concentrations in excess of the tropospheric background originate from within the OTAG region.more » Furthermore, the high ozone concentration regions roughly coincide with the pattern of anthropogenic precursor emissions as modified by atmospheric dispersion. Consequently, it can be inferred that most of the excess ozone concentrations observed within the domain result from anthropogenic emissions within the domain and they are controllable by measures within the OTAG domain.« less


The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler substances for facial skin wrinkling and volume loss has become popular. With increasing use, physicians are likely to encounter side effects. One such side effect is a bluish discoloration known as the Tyndall effect. Recently, we have encountered a few cases in which patients presented with a bluish tint in the areas where hyaluronic acid was injected. A number of treatments can be performed to reverse these unwanted effects. We present a simple method for correction of misplacement of HA gel.


The utility model discloses a cooling water control device for a casting mold. The cooling water control device for the casting mold comprises a cooling water tank, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a flow controller, a temperature sensor and a programmable logic controller, wherein the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are arranged between the cooling water tank and the die, the flow controller is arranged on the water inlet pipe, the temperature sensor is installed on the die, and is used for detecting the internal temperature of the die, and the programmable logic controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the flow controller. Therefore, automation is achieved, manpower and material resources are saved, the cooling effect is improved, and product quality is ensured.


This paper calculates carry costs directly and focuses on the effect that carry cost lumpiness has on hedge variables. It shows that carry cost adjusted price changes should be used to reduce errors in the calculated hedge: ratio, profit, and effectiveness. Results demonstrate that the errors can be both statistically and economically significant and tend to be more significant if the asset's carry costs are lumpier (that is, larger and less frequent). We study the traditional regression (TR), carry cost adjusted regression (CCAR), and error correction (EC) hedge ratio calculation approaches. Unlike the CCAR method, the TR and EC approaches err by using the spot price change to represent spot profit. When the payout dates are included in the analysis, the CCAR in-sample hedge effectiveness is statistically significantly higher than it is for the TR and EC approaches. Furthermore, when payout dates are excluded, their hedge effectiveness results converge toward those for the CCAR method. The CCAR approach provides out-of-sample hedge effectiveness that is higher than that for either of the other approaches. Additionally, the (in-sample to out-of-sample) hedge effectiveness slippage is about half as much for the TR and CCAR approaches as it is for the EC approach. Finally, though the hedge ratios are similar across methods, the hedge profits of the assets studied are significantly mismeasured because the TR and EC methods ignore carry costs.


The 2019 Presidential Election Contestation in the 4.0 Industrial Era is very interesting to be examined, specifically related to the Political Activities of Religious Identity. There are two presidential and vice presidential candidates appointed by the General Election Commission (KPU), namely the pair of Joko Widodo and K.H. Ma'ruf Amin with number 01 on one side; and the pair Prabowo Subianto and Sandiaga S.Uno with number 02 on the other side. The two pairs tried to win the hearts of the ulemas who were not only favored by the Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, but also from the cultural ulama and the habaib. This research invesitages deeper analysis into whether the 2019 Presidential Election will still be exposed to the Politics of Identity, especially Ulama and Islamic figures. There are three research problems to be answered, namely how is the view of Central Kalimantan ulama on identity politics in the 2019 Presidential Election contestation? how is the roles of Central Kalimantan ulama in influencing voters on identity politics in the 2019 Presidential Election contestation? and how are the efforts of MUI in creating a conducive atmosphere for the post legislative election and the 2019 Presidential Election

Data were elaborated by conducting field survey through in-depth interviews with Islamic leaders (ulama) who are members of Islamic organizations (MUI, NU, Muhammadiyah, LDII, Al- Wasliyah) as well as Traditional / non-structural figures in the community. Islamic boarding schools spread in 2 regencies and 1 city in Central Kalimantan, namely, Palangkaraya City, North Barito Regency and East Kotawaringin Regency

The finding revealed that the Politics of Identity in Central Kalimantan still influenced the 2019 Presidential Election, although it was not in high intensity. Respondents said that Ulama structurally made Identity Politics as a place to attract voters. However, at the grassroots which were dominated by Traditional Ulemas, people were still in undecided condition. Some Ulama who active in Islamic Organizations as well as nonStructural Ulama use Identity Politics especially the issue of religion in giving advice, answering questions and even giving advice to Jamaah / Groups so that they can determine their Jama'ah choices in the 2019 Election. On the other hand, ulemas at every level, try to cool down the atmosphere after presidential election by cooperating together both Structural Ulama who are members of the MUI and Traditional Ulama. They come to society to reduce the tension and reduce friction due to the 2019 Presidential Election.


Abstract: In the wake of the global financial crisis, a number of high profile economists have sought to revive Alvin Hansen's Depression-era theory of "secular stagnation" to account for the stagnant tendencies in the American economy, citing Japan as a cautionary tale of combined demographic and economic decline. Following Hansen, it is argued that the long-term stagnation of the world economy can be attributed to a failure of the reproductive will, made manifest in declining birth rates and ageing populations. Although the causal connections between population and price trends are controversial even among mainstream demographers and economists, such arguments date back to the origins of political economy and appear to magically resurface with each major episode of crisis. If the crisis is inflationary, it tends to be ascribed to overpopulation; if it is deflationary, we find a corresponding concern with slowing birth rates. This article seeks to understand the durability of the demographic theory of crisis by examining the punitive and restorative work it performs in periods of capitalist restructuring.


According to the world health organization, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has reached epidemic proportions. In today's world there is a significant increase in the number of patients with arterial hypertension annually. The reasons for the development of this disease, in addition to adverse environmental conditions, are a number of factors related to the lifestyle of a person, as well as behavioral risk factors (bad habits) that provoke violations of the body's functions and, as a result, the development of the disease. The most significant of them are: overweight, excessive salt consumption, smoking and alcohol abuse, and sedentary lifestyle. These factors are manageable, because as a result of corrective measures, it is possible to reduce their negative impact on the body or to eliminate it completely. In this regard, raising public awareness and actively combating manageable risk factors at the state level is crucial for arterial hypertension prevention. Key words: non-communicable diseases, arterial hypertension, arterial pressure, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors.


This eighty-first volume of IARC Monographs considers certain man-made vitreous (glass-like) fibres of highly variable composition that are widely used for thermal and acoustical insulation and to a lesser extent for other purposes. The generic term, manmade vitreous fibres (MMVFs), denotes non-crystalline, fibrous inorganic substances (silicates) made primarily from rock, slag, glass or other processed minerals. These fibres, also called man-made mineral fibres, include glass fibres (used in glass wool and continuous glass filament), rock (stone)/slag wool and refractory ceramic fibres. Rock (stone) wool, slag wool and glass wool are used extensively in thermal and acoustical insulation, typically in buildings, vehicles and appliances. The refractory ceramic fibres are designed for high-temperature applications, mainly in industrial settings. Continuous glass filament is used primarily in reinforced composite materials for the insulation, electronics and construction industries. These substances were evaluated by a previous IARC Working Group (IARC, 1988) (Table 1). Since these evaluations, new data have become available, which have been incorporated into the monograph and were taken into consideration in the present evaluations. Man-made vitreous fibres have some physical similarities to asbestos, in particular, their fibrous character which gives them the same aerodynamic properties and leads to their deposition throughout the respiratory tract. Unlike amphibole asbestos, however, they are synthetic and amorphous, and generally have a lower biopersistence in lung tissues. Also, unlike serpentine asbestos, they tend to break transversely rather than cleaving along the fibre axis. Inhaled asbestos fibres can cause two quite different malignancies in humans: malignant mesothelioma, which arises from the lining of the body cavities, and carcinoma of the lung, which arises from pulmonary epithelial cells (IARC, 1987). Epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to MMVFs have therefore focused on these two types of cancer. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis by inhaled fibres and the use of data on these mechanisms in the identification of carcinogenic hazard have been reviewed by Kane et al. (1996).


The use of microwave tomography (MWT) in an industrial drying process is demonstrated in this feasibility study with synthetic measurement data. The studied imaging modality is applied to estimate the moisture content distribution in a polymer foam during the microwave drying process. Such moisture information is crucial in developing control strategies for controlling the microwave power for selective heating. In practice, a reconstruction time less than one second is desired for the input response to the controller. Thus, to solve the estimation problem related to MWT, a neural network based approach is applied to fulfill the requirement for a real-time reconstruction. In this work, a database containing different moisture content distribution scenarios and corresponding electromagnetic wave responses are build and used to train the machine learning algorithm. The performance of the trained network is tested with two additional datasets.


TERRITORIAL BRANDING
AS A MEANS OF PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Shteer O. V.


A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Public Administration in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters in Public Administration


The effects of 3-methylchplanthrene, benz(a)anthracene and anthracene on Friend'virus'Teukemia ir} BALB/c mice were studied. White blood cell count, hematocrit, spleen weight/total body weight ratio, liverweight/total body weight ratio were the parameters used to determine the effects of the chemicals, By analyses of variance it was determined that (!) anthracene slightly affected the""leuke mia, (2) 3-methylcholanthrene was slightly toxic to un: treated mice, and(3) benz(a)anthracene had no effect on the leukemia.


ABSTRACT : The Hajong are the ancient tribal forest community among the ethnic minorities of the North-East region of Bangladesh. The study was carried out with respect to three income groups highlighting their indigenous knowledge. A total of forty-five households (fifteen from each income groups) were assessed using different participatory appraisals through semi -structured questionnaires. A special type of indigenous knowledge on food habit was explored in the Hajong community, which correspond to the severe dependence on forest resources. They collect their food resources from homestead forest (45%) followed by forest (40%), market and others. They have indigenous hunting procedure to trap the animal in the forest. Twenty three tree species were tremendously planted in their homestead forests which are the very important source of food. Male are highly responsible to collect the food materials from forest as well as other sources.Keywords : Special and favorite food, Food habit, Fruit consumption,


The stone that the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. *743 The purpose of this Article is to introduce legal readers to the ideas of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, and to his philosophical practices regarding the interpretation of texts, sometimes known as deconstruction. 1 The term 'deconstruction' is much used in legal writings these for their help in the preparation of this Article, and my colleagues, Joan Mahoney and James Kushner, for their comments on a previous draft. 1 Derrida has developed his ideas in several books and essays dating from 1967, some of which have only recently been translated into English.


The mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR) ,a serine-threonine protein kinase of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase ( PIKK) family,acts as a downstream mediator of PI3K/Akt pathway,modulating cell growth and proliferation and involved in the gene transcription. Recent data have also shown that mTOR is necessary for the synthesis of protein at the late phase of LTP and plays an important role in the formation and consolidation of memory.


This paper aims to present the main issues concerning institutional and socioeconomic problems in Greek coastal shipping. In particular, issues concerning the implementation of the EU regulation on maritime cabotage are given emphasis and discussed throughout the paper. It is concluded that many changes will have to take place to harmonize existing national legislation with the new regime that will take place in 2004.


This paper explores how the existing European rules on the legal and contractual protection of databases limit the re-use of non-personal data by start-ups and SMEs for the purpose of developing artificial intelligence in the European Union. This analysis aims to determine whether the recent initiatives on data mining and data sharing are adequate to ensure an appropriate level of data re-usability for that purpose. In turn, this paper argues that additional reforms are needed to establish a more balanced European framework on the legal and contractual protection of databases. Therefore, it contemplates the introduction of data user rights, which would facilitate the access and re-use of non-personal data by the enterprises in question.


Although the widespread deployment of cellular networks guarantees mobility in large ranges, it cannot completely support multimedia data. Similarly, although the explosive growth of WLANs provides the convenience of wireless with high bandwidth, it lacks large range support. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new approach, ABC2, for seamless mobility such that our approach provides both high bandwidth and large ranges. ABC will provide not only an "always best connected" but also an "always best complemented" interworking architecture between cellular networks and WLANs. ABC2 architecture is novel in that packet data network is layered on top of circuit switch network such that it can use current legacy telephone networks for mobility management and provide multimedia data with low cost investment as the Internet advances to the higher bandwidth. In our analysis, we show that ABC2 performs better in terms of location updates, handoff latency, and signaling delay compared to most mobility protocols dependent on Mobile IP.


The design of complex structures like Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) is commonly based on the results of deterministic structural analyses, carried out on finite element models of the structural system. However, the assessment of the structural response is affected by significant uncertainties, due to the random variability of both the environmental actions and the geometric and mechanical properties of the structure. An efficient procedure to deal with the uncertainty of modeling and loading parameters requires the characterization of the probability distribution functions of the parameters of the models of the actions and structural response, and the assessment of the probability distributions of the response parameters. Neglecting pertinent sources of uncertainty can lead to an incorrect evaluation of the stochastic structural response, and to an improper risk assessment. This paper focuses on the effects on the structural response of an OWT induced by the uncertainty of the parameters used to describe the environmental actions and the finite element model of the structure (referred to as the modeling parameters). A proper probability characterization of the parameters is assumed, and the relevance and the propagation of the uncertainty to the response are investigated. Reference is made to an OWT with a jacket support structure. Analyses are carried out in frequency domain by adopting a linear elastic finite element model, and the response uncertainty is estimated by using a sampling technique. The results presented in this paper are considered useful for the preliminary design phase, where upper and lower bounds of the stochastic structural response have to be estimated in order to select the design configuration.


Introduction of suitable substituents into the macromolecule of cellulose enables to prepare derivatives with various new properties (polymer with a liquid-crystalline structure, Langmuir—Blodgett films, tensides, and carriers for immobilization of enzymes) [1, 2]. By chemical modification of cellulose with 2haloalkylsulfonates, the water-soluble O-sulfoalkylcelluloses can be obtained which have utilization in technological applications and also as an intermediate for other modifications of cellulose [3]. 0Sulfoethylcellulose and its derivatives may serve as wetting agents and show antiredepositive effects [3]. This type of modification is usually carried out in aqueous alkaline medium which promotes the destruction of cellulose. A lower degradation is observed in the presence of an immiscible solvent like chloroform, higher alcohols, etc., in the reaction medium. However, the alkylation reaction proceeds under more heterogeneous conditions which limits the degree of substitution [3]. Water-soluble derivatives of polysaccharides (O(2-hydroxyethyl)cellulose, O-carboxymethylcellulose) can exhibit properties of biodegradable polymeric surfactants [4, 10] after an appropriate chemical modification, e.g. by introducing alkyl or acyl groups with number of carbon atoms Сю up to Cis into an appro priate low degree of substitution. The present work deals with preparation of the sodium salt of O-sulfoethylcellulose in a homogeneous medium using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)—S0 2 — diethylamine (DEA) as cellulose solvent as well as a derivative containing O-dodecyl side chains. E X P E R I M E N T A L


rapidly. The established Church, although not unresponsive to the challenges, lost adherents to dissent. Yet, the authors, while alive to the vitality of nonconformity, revise earlier interpretations of the chronology and dynamics of Methodism and the later evangelical revivals. Following a long-established tendency and reflecting the nature of much of the documentation, the authors tend to see the Church through its clergy. This imbalance is offset by revealing information, again summarised in tables, about the frequency of different services (notably communion), the languages in which worship was conducted and (on the basis of the 1851 enquiry) the proportions belonging to the several Christian confessions. It is clear that education was taken seriously, although commentators disagreed about the impact of catechesis, preaching, Psalmand hymn-singing, the writing and distribution of devotional manuals, the establishment of libraries and the opening of schools. Only on the eve of disestablishment is there evidence of widespread use of the laity. Some of the initiatives, notably the licensing of men as readers, proved controversial. The feeling that the nonconformists had succeeded better in directing lay energies into the institutional life of their Churches is not altogether dispelled. Detail is offered about the popularity during the eighteenth century of communal celebrations focused on the parish. By the late nineteenth century the importance of harvest festivals, the New Year and Epiphany is clear. Yet disappointingly little is said about the rites of passage, such as christening, marriage and funerals. Popular practices imperfectly controlled by the clergy persisted. The involvement of lay people as patrons, church-wardens, tithe-collectors, members of formal and informal religious and teetotal societies appears only intermittently. In some cases the divergence between clerical and lay aspirations created such tension that laypeople were attracted into alternative denominations or towards secularism. Issues of this kind are certainly not dodged by the four contributors, but deserve fuller examination. William Jacob and Nigel Yates deploy statistics derived from impressive analyses of the surviving documentation to show a Church keen to address material and spiritual shortcomings. Future studies of the behaviour and attitudes of the Welsh people towards religion will depend on this detailed and reliable account of the institutional Church and its personnel.


Pili torti is a congenital anomaly of the hair shaft which is flattened and twisted. The anomaly can exist as an isolated defect or in combination with other hair shaft defects and/or anomalies of other organs. Patients with Mankes syndrome, ectodermal dysplasias, and trichothio-dystrophies may have pili torti. In 1965, Björnstad reported five patients with sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti. Several other reports described similar patients. The etiology and genetics of the syndrome however have remained unclear. We report a brother and sister with pili torti and severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss; the latter became apparent at 3 years of age. Both had almost total alopecia during preteen years. Subsequently they acquired a stubble of dry, brittle scalp hair. Axillary and pubic hair was normal. There was no evidence of hypogonadism or mental retardation.With no one else in the family having a hearing loss or pili torti, this sibship supports autosomal recessive inheritance for Björnstad syndrome.


A class of semi-bounded solutions of the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations satisfying either periodic or Dirichlet boundary conditions is examined. For smooth initial data, new blowup criteria in terms of the initial concavity profile is presented and the effects that the boundary conditions have on the global regularity of solutions is discussed. In particular, by deriving a formula for a general solution along Lagrangian trajectories, we describe how periodicity can prevent blow-up. This is as opposed to Dirichlet boundary conditions which, as we will show, allow for the formation of singularities in finite time. Lastly, regularity of solutions arising from non-smooth initial data is briefly discussed.


Every industry should be aware about how their product quality are build. It began with the end in mind about a detail specification of the product, a quality attribute designed to the product profile, process and technology choice. Then it will initiate a requirement of the facility for those need. Pharmaceutical product is one in many manufacturing industries that need to be carefully manage in term of product quality and the consideration that it can be harm to the consumer. The impact can also come from a requirement specification of its facility1. To protect the drugs consumer, we can use the term 'patient safety' then, authority made a regulation that became a corridor to lead the industry on how the good manufacturing practices should be conducted. Regulator put it in the terminology: GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices). But they give only general statement about what a 'good manufacturing' is. Most of the time it needs detail technical explanation. Especially for the engineers' perspective. Some pharmaceutical engineering professional organization try to describe the minimum requirement should be designed for pharmaceutical facility purpose. A Baseline. But the baseline sometimes is not a clear bold line, most of the time, in very detail technical decision, it can be a wide grey area. How high we put our requirement level above baseline correlate with how expensive the cost will be.


Part I: Folds and Bifurcations in the Solutions of Semi-Explicit Differential-Algebraic Equations

A general existence theory for the solutions of semi-explicit differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is given. Theorems on the form and number of solutions in a neighborhood of an initial value are presented. A set of bifurcation equations is derived, from which the tangents of these solutions can be computed. The phenomena of folds and bifurcation are studied. It is shown that solutions near fold points and pitchfork bifurcation points can be represented smoothly if an appropriate parametrization is introduced. Moreover, it is shown that the complex analytic extension of a real DAE often has complex solutions near a real initial value, and existence theorems on these complex solutions are given. Examples from electrical engineering are presented in support of the theory. Methods for adapting existing numerical DAE solvers to handle fold and bifurcation points are introduced. These methods are tested on a nonlinear electric circuit problem.

Part II: The Recursive Projection Method Applied to Differential-Algebraic Equations and Incompressible Fluid Mechanics

The Recursive Projection Method (RPM) was originally invented by Schroff and Keller for the stabilization of unstable fixed point iterations. A direct application of RPM lies in the computation of unstable steady states of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via time integration. Here, the method is generalized to handle algebraic constraints so that it can be applied to certain differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). This is accomplished by reformulating the DAE as an ODE. In particular, this approach applies to DAEs obtained by semi-discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by use of the method of lines. The method is applied to compute unstable steady states of the flow between concentric rotating cylinders.


Despite the importance of urban forms to the dispersion of particulate matter (PM), only a few studies exist on the relationship between them due to the limitations of the data and methodology. Thus, this study used a deep learning-based investigation of the impact of urban form on PM2.5 concentration. Autoencoder, long short-term memory (LSTM), and the random forest model were used to analyze their relationship. The random forest model showed that urban form variables predict PM2.5 concentration with a 95.66% accuracy, confirming that urban form characteristics significantly impact PM2.5 concentrations. Among the urban form variables, floor area ratio turned out to be the most important, suggesting the need for more detailed efforts to reduce PM2.5 in locations with high floor areas. The effect on PM2.5 prediction accuracy was evaluated with root mean square error. It was difficult to accurately predict PM2.5 in areas with large building coverage areas and low-rise residential areas. This study improved the accuracy of results on the influence of urban form by using PM2.5 non-aggregated data measured hourly over 4 years, which expanded the applicability of deep learning-based urban analysis.


Since software is easy to be copied,the unauthorized user can get it lightly from other authorized buyer or Internet.It is necessary to build up a safety software distribution scheme ,which to protect the profit of the software developer.In this paper,a new software distribution scheme based on CA is proposed,which shows great safety.


1.Introduction: In 1963 Monnier et al. demonstrated in rabbits with crossed cerebral circulation transmission of sleep from a donor rabbit kept asleep by stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus to a recipient animal. Until 1970 the possibility of humoral transmission of sleep was confirmed by cerebral intraventricular infusion into recipient rabbits of an extracorporal dialysate of cerebral venous blood obtained in vivo from rabbits kept asleep by stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus. From 1970-76 the isolation, characterization and synthesis of DSIP was achieved. It was shown to induce natural delta-EEG sleep in rabbits. In 1977 the aminoacid analysis was documented. A radioimmunoassay for DSIP-like material in different brain regions and for measuring the concentrations of DSIP in the sera of humans and animals became available. The intact peptide was shown to cross the blood-brain barrier. Beside sleep-induction and electrophysiological effects on single neurons in the rat brain stem a significant facilitation of the resistance against acute emotional stress in animals was assessed. Experimental data also suggested a modulation o f interaction of DSIP with endorphinergic systems and administered morphine. The influence on cerebral MAO-A activity, on circadian rhythms o f locomotion and intracerebral neurotransmitters as well as plasma protein and cortisol concentrations has been reported. An impressive improvement of the psych omo to r performance and the concentration capacity, a complete normalization of sleep in insomniac patients and furthermore dramatic effects on withdrawal symptoms including pain states of alcoholics and opiate addicts have been shown. These various DSIP-actions have been conceptualized as "programming" behavior by changing local vigilance, stress and pain tolerance. It has been demonstrated that the EEG activity within the lower half of the theta frequency band increases in anticipation of and while coping with painful stimulation. On the basis of these results it was hypothesized that EEG slowing and enhanced cortical synchrony generated by DSIP would induce pain relief. Therefore we decided to perform a pilot study exploring the effect of DSIP administration in patients with a case history of chronic,pronounced pain symptoms(2,3,4).


A valve comprising a valve body (10) having inlet (14 ) and outlet (18) passages communicating with a valve chamber (15). A valve element (90) is movable through the valve chamber adjacent a valve seat (92) and a flow deflector ring (104) having a central opening which has discontinuous deflector surfaces (106) around a central opening separated by spaced grooves (108) arranger to disrupt flow a stream of fluid flowing between the valve element and the valve seat to prevent the formation of a vena contracta downstream from the valve seat. A plurality of sleeves (34,36) having cylindrical walls divide the valve chamber to form an entrance section (15a) and an outlet section (15b). An array of inlet bores (38) is formed in an outer sleeve (34) and an array of exit bores (40) is formed in an inner sleeve (36), each of the bores having an a receiving end and a discharge end, receiving ends of bores in the array of outlet bores being spaced axially of the valve chamber relative to discharge ends of bores in the array of inlet bores. Bores in the array of inlet bores are inclined relative to bores of the array of exit bores to form a tortuous flow path from the inlet section through a plurality of axially spaced plenums (44,46,48) to the outlet section (15b) of the valve chamber (15) to minimize noise and cavitation as pressure is reduced in the valve chamber.


This dissertation builds on earlier work by the Australian Road Research Board (AARB) and Austroads. Speed data was obtained for the Golden Highway in NSW and the 85th percentile speed was derived at the approach, start, middle and end of 96 horizontal curves sites in the Westbound direction.

The calculated curve design speed was plotted against the 85th percentile speed. The results support earlier work by (Mclean, 1979) and showed that drivers are still
willing to tolerate higher values of side friction when travelling at speeds less than 100km/hr and that on horizontal curves suitable for 100km/hr or more that drivers tend to travel at a more uniform speed.

The potential variables affecting a vehicle's operating speed were recorded at each of these horizontal curve sites. Multivariable regression analysis was undertaken to determine what variables were statistically significant to a vehicles operating speed as it traverses a horizontal curve. These variables were found to be longitudinal grade (+3% or more and -4% or less), horizontal curve length (700m or more), vertical geometry (crests) and whether stopping sight distance was achieved. Sites with variables exceeding these values were excluded.

The remaining factors contributing to a vehicle's speed as it traverses a horizontal curve were approach speed and horizontal curve radius. The radius of the remaining data was plotted against 85th percentile vehicle speed at the start, middle and end of each of the remaining horizontal curve sites and confirmed that the maximum deceleration occurs at the middle of the horizontal curve.

Sites that experienced an increase in 85th percentile vehicle speed at the midpoint of the horizontal curve (relative to the approach speed) were removed and the radius of the remaining data was plotted against curve midpoint speed for each separate banded approach speed and compared to earlier prediction models. Similarly to recent research by Austroads it was found that that the current Austroads deceleration on horizontal curves model provided a conservative representation of the operating speeds of vehicles. It is recommended that further research be done into the effects of these roadway characteristics on operating speed with the aim of developing correction tables. A new deceleration on horizontal curve speed prediction relationship was produced for 100km/hr approach speed. This relationship could potentially be used to help update the current Austroads deceleration on horizontal curves graph.


Tools, methods, and theories for assessing and quantifying uncertainties vary by application. Uncertainty quantification tasks have unique desiderata and circumstances. To realistically assess uncertainty requires the engineer/scientist to specify mathematical models, the physical phenomena of interest, and the theory or framework for assessments. For example, Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) specifically identifies uncertainties using probability theory, and therefore, PRA's lack formal procedures for quantifying uncertainties that are not probabilistic. The Phenomena Identification and Ranking Technique (PIRT) proceeds by ranking phenomena using scoring criteria that results in linguistic descriptors, such as importance ranked with words, "High/Medium/Low." The use of words allows PIRT to be flexible, but the analysis may then be difficult to combine with other uncertainty theories. We propose that a necessary step for the development of a procedure or protocol for uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the application of an Uncertainty Inventory. An Uncertainty Inventory should be considered and performed in the earliest stages of UQ.


This paper deals with design opportunities of CMOS based reversible logic circuits employing adiabatic switching methods. The power dissipation an important characteristics are tested by means of SPICE circuit simulation techniques for a CMOS transmission gate based reversible logic circuits, such as Controlled Not gates & Controlled Controlled Not gate. Results from both conventional and adiabatic logic switching simulations are compared. The breakdown of adiabatic operation for these reversible circuits, due to the finite threshold voltages, is tested by checking the logic circuit node current/voltage transient waveform during the logic switching transitions. On the basis of simulation results conclusion has been derived that the performance of reversible logic circuits employing adiabatic switching is better than conventional switching in terms of a factor-power dissipation.


Five glycosaminoglycans were isolated from tryptic digest of bovine fourth gastric mucosa, and were assayed by determining the carbohydrate content of materials. Separation of these five polymers was achieved by preparative zone electrophoresis in a Pevikon C-870 block and by Dowex 1 × 2 column chromatography. They were identified as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate, respectively.


The research considers wavelike objects that are elements of even subalgebra of geometric algebra in three dimensions. The used formalism particularly eliminates long existing confusion about the reasons behind the appearance of the imaginary unit in quantum mechanics and introduces clear definition of wave functions. When a wave function acts through the Hopf fibration on a localized geometric algebra element, that is executing a measurement, the result can be named as "collapse" of the wave function.


In our country,the measurement technology of forging parts in most of forging plants is poorly developed,its measurement environments are harmful,and the artificial measurements cause great errors.When these are taken into consideration,an on-line non-contact geometry measurement scheme was proposed with the digital image process technology according to the principle of size measurement based on the CCD(Charge Coupled Devices).The software system was written by senior language,at the same time the calculation of the error produced in this scheme was analyzed.The experimental results showed that this system was cheap,its operation was easy,it had wide adaptability,and the measurement results could fulfill the actual requirements.


We discuss recent observations of high energy cosmic ray positrons and electrons in the context of hadronic interactions in supernova remnants (SNRs), the suspected accelerators of galactic cosmic rays. Diffusive shock acceleration can harden the energy spectrum of secondary positrons relative to that of the primary protons and electrons and thus explain the rise in the positron fraction observed by PAMELA above 10 GeV. We normalize the hadronic interaction rate by holding pion decay to be responsible for the gamma rays detected by HESS from some SNRs. By simulating the spatial and temporal distribution of SNRs in the Galaxy according to their known statistics, we are able to then fit the electron (plus positron) energy spectrum measured by Fermi. It appears that IceCube has good prospects for detecting the hadronic neutrino fluxes expected from nearby SNRs.


In this thesis we present a new data mining methodology for extracting decision policies from datasets containing descriptions of interactions with an environment. This methodology, which we call policy mining, is valuable for applications in which experimental interaction is not feasible but for which fixed sets of collected data are available. Examples of such applications are direct marketing, credit card fraud detection, recommender systems and medical treatment.
Recent advances in classifier learning and the availability of a great variety of off-the-shelf learners make it very attractive to use classifier learning as the core generalization tool in policy mining. However, in order to successfully apply classifier learning methods to policy mining, three important improvements to the current classifier learning technology are necessary.
First, standard classifier learners assume that all incorrect predictions are equally costly. This thesis presents two general methods for cost-sensitive learning that take into account the fact that misclassification costs are different for different examples and unknown for some examples. The methods we propose are evaluated carefully with experiments using large, difficult and highly cost-sensitive datasets from the direct marketing domain.
Second, most existing learning methods produce classifiers that output ranking scores along with the class label. These scores, however, are classifier dependent and cannot be easily combined with other sources of information for decision-making. This thesis presents a fast and effective calibration algorithm for transforming ranking scores into accurate class membership probability estimates. Experimental results using datasets from a variety of domains shows that the method produces probability estimates that are comparable to or better than the ones produced by other methods.
Finally, learning algorithms commonly assume that the available data consists of randomly drawn examples from the same underlying distribution of examples about which the learned model is expected to make predictions. In many situations, however, this assumption is violated because we do not have control over the data gathering process. This thesis formalizes the sample selection bias problem in machine learning and presents methods for learning and evaluation under sample selection bias.


These days, society had a leap development to 'Digital Society'. Therefore, the architectural environment's existing paradigm that has been in the interconnection with social character through the history of human being, is threatened by new technological revolution. Therefore, there are proposals on the necessity to look buildings in new aspects grounded on new social characteristics. In this study, using the architectural trends in proceeding with various aspects and social characteristics as the device of the analysis, we will examine how these characteristics are used in the architectural field.


To the Editor.—
 As a pediatrician who has been a medical school administrator for almost 17 years, I am troubled by the lack of pediatric leadership in the primary care movement. Joel Alpert1 calls attention to the failure of the discipline to respond within itself to the need for change in pediatric education. I am concerned about a larger issue.
 At the time of the Millis Commission report in 1966, pediatrics was the only clinical discipline active in primary care.


Fitz (1878) was the first to determine the quantitative relationship of products formed by species of the genus Propionibacterium and formulated what is known as the Fitz equation: 3 lactate -2 propionate + 1 acetate + 1 C02. It was considered that one mole of lactic acid was oxidized to C02 and acetate and that the hydrogens produced from this oxidation reduced two moles of lactic acid to propionic acid. Recently there has been increasing evidence that propionic acid may not be produced by direct reduction but rather may arise by an indirect pathway involving the dicarboxylic acids. This hypothesis was based upon the following observations: Erb (1934) demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of decarboxylating succinate to form propionate and C02. Wood and coworkers (1941a, 1941b) found that labeled C02 was fixed in the carboxyl carbons of both propionate and succinate, and Krampitz et al. (1943) using Micrococcus lysodeiktics showed that C02 is fixed in oxalacetate. Delwiche (1948) and Johns (1951) investigated the decarboxylation of succinate with propionic acid bacteria and concluded that the reaction was rapid enough to be the sole pathway for the formation of propionic acid. The mechanism may be diagrammed as shown in figure 1. This mechanism accounts for the fixation of labeled C02 in the carboxyl carbons of propionate and succinate and also for the formation of succinate in these fermentations. However, Wood and Leaver (1953) have shown that the turnover of C02 is frequently low in the propionic acid fermentation. They fermented several substrates in the presence of a pool of 01402 and from the dilution of the C14 in the


A decade after the first demonstration of dissolution-DNP by Ardenkjaer-Larsen et al.(1), metabolic imaging using HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate was accomplished in prostate cancer patients(2). Translation of this technology into patients required the development and optimization of a clinical DNP polarizer, the implementation of multinuclear MR capabilities on clinical MRI scanners, the construction of specialized radio frequency (RF) coils to detect 13 C nuclei, and developing new MR pulse sequences to efficiently capture the signal (2). These steps towards translation will be presented with emphasis on where the translation process stands currently. Additionally, studies involving preclinical prostate cancer models played an important role in establishing the potential clinical value of HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate in prostate cancer. Preclinical studies in prostate cancer models have detected elevated levels of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]lactate in tumor, with the ratio of [1- 13 C]lactate/[1- 13 C]pyruvate being increased in high-grade tumors and decreased after successful treatment(3). This preclinical data was critical to obtaining the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational New Drug (IND) approval for the first human trial and setting the stage for ongoing clinical trials of HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate. The Phase 1 clinical trial evaluated the safety and feasibility of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate as an agent for noninvasively characterizing alterations in tumor metabolism for patients with prostate cancer. Increasing evidence points to prostate cancer being a disease strongly linked to abnormal metabolism, and several important metabolic shifts have been associated with the presence and progression of prostate cancer (4). The median time to delivery of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate was 66 s, and uptake was observed about 20 s after injection. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and the highest dose (0.43 ml/kg of 230 mM agent) gave the best signal-to-noise ratio for hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate. The results were extremely promising in not only confirming the safety of the agent but also showing elevated [1- 13 C]lactate/[1- 13 C]pyruvate in regions of biopsy-proven cancer. There was increased conversion of [1- 13 C]pyruvate to [1- 13 C]lactate in the tumor, with the [1- 13 C]pyruvate reaching a maximum by 18 ± 4 s and the [1- 13 C]lactate reached a maximum at 27 ± 2 s after the start of acquisition, which was 5 s after the end of injection. The timings of maximal signal were similar to those observed in preclinical murine and human tissue slice culture hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate studies (4). Overall, the pyruvate to lactate flux (mean ± SD) was 0.045 ± 0.025 s −1 for [1- 13 C]pyruvate to [1- 13 C]lactate in tumor voxels and 0.009 ± 0.003 s −1 for voxels coming from regions that included blood vessels. Although there was sufficient lactate signal to determine a pyruvate to lactate flux for the contralateral normal prostate in this example (0.016 s −1 ), a majority of normal prostate demonstrated hyperpolarized lactate levels that were to low to accurately calculate a pyruvate to lactate flux. Ongoing hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate studies in prostate cancer patients are investigating the test-retest reproducibility of [1- 13 C]pyruvate delivery and metabolism, response to androgen deprivation therapy, the development of androgen-independent disease and its response to new 2 nd line therapeutic approaches. The current results of these studies will be presented. Sixteen sites from around the world currently have DNP Polarizers capable of performing patient studies, with a number of new installations planned for the coming year. Additionally, eighteen hyperpolarized patient studies are currently funded involving a total of 864 patients with prostate, brain and breast cancer prior to and after therapy. Most of these trials are focused on the use of HP [1- 13 C]pyruvate, but there are a number of new hyperpolarized 13 C labeled probes that are in the clinical pipeline and these will be summarized in this lecture. References 1. Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Fridlund B, Gram A, Hansson G, Hansson L, Lerche MH, Servin R, Thaning M, & Golman K Increase in signal-to-noise ratio of > 10,000 times in liquid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(18),10158-10163. 2. Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PE, Harzstark AL, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Chang JW, Bok R, Park I, Reed G, Carvajal L, Small EJ, Munster P, Weinberg VK, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Chen AP, Hurd RE, Odegardstuen LI, Robb FJ, Tropp J, & Murray JA Metabolic Imaging of Patients with Prostate Cancer Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate. Sci Transl Med. 2013; 5(198),198ra108. 3. Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, & Vigneron D (2014) Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI and MRS Studies. eMagRes. 3(4):311-324. DOI: 10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1253. 4. Keshari KR, Sriram R, Van Criekinge M, Wilson DM, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Peehl DM, & Kurhanewicz J Metabolic reprogramming and validation of hyperpolarized (13)C lactate as a prostate cancer biomarker using a human prostate tissue slice culture bioreactor. Prostate. 2013; 73(11),1171-1181. Citation Format: John Kurhanewicz. Translation of hyperpolarized 13 C imaging to the clinic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr SY19-03.


Fortin examines the main themes and issues of Thompson's video works (violence, pornography, murder, fascism), which are evoked on the screen by a humorously dark depiction of "youth as a mirror image of the erosion of social order." Brief abstracts of the tapes by the artist. Biographical notes. 4 bibl. ref.


The alkali-treatment process with potassium hydroxide which carrageenan was extracted from eucheuma have been studied in this paper. By the orthogonal design, the optimal parameters were established by orthogonal design: alkali consistency 14%, treatment temperature 60℃, treatment time 3.5h.


Monetary policy correlates more significantly with lending by state controlled banks than by private sector banks. At the economy-level, monetary policy is more significantly related to credit and fixed capital formation growth where larger fractions of the banking system are state controlled. SOE banks may thus strengthen monetary policy levers. We hypothesize that SOE bank managers are more responsive to political pressure, and thus more cooperative with monetary policy. Bank-level results and tests exploiting bank privatizations, election years, economic cycles, and cross-country variation in measures of civil servants' effectiveness and sensitivity to political pressure let Ockham's razor pare away plausible alternative causality scenarios.


Global environmental policy-making is reshaping the scope, substance and implications of environmental policy analysis. Environmental policy studies are giving greater attention to transnational and regional issues such as problem of policy scale, regional and international policy integration, ecosystem management, cross-boundary governance and, most important here, the feasibility of regional policy designs and the transferability of policy instruments from one national or regional setting to another. The literature multiplies. Policy analysts increasingly contrast national and regional experience with substantive policy on different continents, to produce usable knowledge by asking what policies work, why they work (or do not), and which policies "travel" well across national and regional boundaries. These cross-national evaluations, especially with a tough-minded intent to produce practical results, can be enormously useful for political scholars and practitioners. But these studies come with characteristic opportunities and obstacles. Discrimination becomes necessary. What makes some studies better than others?


This paper presents a network-based business partnership model designed in order to achieve an extremely effective and lightweight management in the context of consultancy firms. The approach has been developed through over twenty years of operation and several trials and errors cycles, but only now has been formalized. The presented paper suggests new approach towards managerial design of company, indicates context and differences from conventional organizational structures. Start-ups, SME's working in complex environment and participating in technology transfer process could benefit from provided insights and suggestions. The presented paper, we believe, contributes to development of theoretical foundations contemporary management.


Objective: We introduce a case-based training program using the novel system d3web.Train. It allows fast development of case studies for a computer course using available clinical patient records. We evaluated the training program during a rheumatology course for medical students. Methods: Students received a short introduction into the system (d3web.Train) and a personal anonymous code. The code enabled us to record how often and intensive a student used the system. In addition, we offered the students two questionnaires: one to evaluate each case and another one to evaluate the training system overall. Results: 92 students attended the training program. 39 students finished at least one case. Overall 187 cases were solved, in average students solved 4.8 cases. For working through one case, students needed 12 minutes in average. 24 different students filled in the questionnaire concerning the program, 62 questionnaires about individual cases were collected. The students evaluated the cases as very instructive (1.5 ± 0.6 on a scale from 1 to 5), the training system as very good (1.7 ± 0.8 on a school grade scale from 1 to 6) and want to work further with it (1.3 ± 0.5 on a scale form 1 to 5). Conclusion: The training system d3web.Train offers a new and good tool for medical education in rheumatology. The main advantage of the system is the relatively low effort needed to create a case based program starting from available medical records.


The purpose of this paper is to trace some of the educational developments in British India which later shaped the thinking of educators in Pakistan and to discuss the educational aspirations of Pakistan within the broader context of Pakistan society. The first section contains a description of some educational reform plans prepared in pre-independence India. The second section deals with the circumstances of the partition of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent from the standpoint of Pakistan and with the political and economic conditions which appeared to influence educational reforms in Pakistan. In the final section, some salient recommendations for educational advancement in Pakistan are examined and it is noted that the government of Pakistan has conceived of its schools as instruments for the reconstruction of Pakistani society.


This paper presents a new signal timing method. The purpose is to make priority vehicles reach their destinations without delay at a signalized intersection. That is, whenever the vehicles reach a signalized intersection, the signal light is always green. In our scheme, signal parameters of intersections can be changed at any time if needed. The subject vehicle uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to locate its position. According to these data, we can get the vehicle's position and speed, then calculate the accurate time when the vehicle reaches the next intersection. At that time, if the indication of the signal light is not green, the timing plan must be changed so that the subject vehicle can be given the right of way to move into the intersection.


The main topic of this Final Degree Project is the uncontrolled process of gentrification in the Spanish urban areas, a present issue which affects many cities nowadays. We try to introduce the causes and effects produced in cities as well as the possible solutions which are taking place, focusing on the particular case of Barcelona. The amount of visitors grows year by year in our country and the city of Barcelona is not an exception, since, regarding its characteristics, it is considered one of the most significant nucleuses being target of this excessive tourism. After analysing several Final Degree Projects about the same topic of this one, numerous press reports and other bibliographical sources, it is possible to notice not only how the degradation of cities is produced but also a rejection of the citizens themselves towards these tourists as a consequence of the massive flows of tourists. This is well-known as tourism-phobia.


We investigate a scattering of electron which is injected individually into an empty ballistic channel containing a cavity that is Coulomb coupled to a quantum ring charged with a single electron. We solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the electron pair with an exact account for the electron-electron correlation. Absorption of energy and angular momentum by the quantum ring is not an even function of the external magnetic field. As a consequence we find that the electron backscattering probability is asymmetric in the magnetic field and thus violates Onsager symmetry.


Lebanon was 1 of the countries to be affected early by the COVID-19 pandemic while in the midst of political upheaval. The stress implicated by this dual challenge allowed for mental health to take a center stage, prompting a nationwide official and informal response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


It is shown that energy and momentum are conserved during the runaway motion of a radiating charge and during free fall of a charge in a gravitational field. The runaway motion demonstrates the consistency of classical electrodynamics and the Lorentz–Abraham–Dirac equation. The important role of the Schott (acceleration) energy in this connection is made clear, and it is shown that the Schott energy is the part of the electromagnetic field energy that is proportional to (minus) the scalar product of the velocity and acceleration of a moving accelerated charged particle. The Schott energy is negative if the acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity and positive if it is opposite. During runaway motion, the Schott energy becomes more and more negative, and for a charged particle, it is localized at the particle. It is also shown that a proton and a neutron fall with the same acceleration in a uniform gravitational field, although the proton radiates and the neutron does not. The radiation energy...


OBJECTIVES
to map the strategies for managing thirst in postoperative adult patients.

METHODS
scoping review was conducted in October 2021 in 19 data sources: 14 databases and 5 platforms to search in the grey literature. It was prepared according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Nine selected articles were part of the final sample.

RESULTS
there is evidence of strategies to manage postoperative thirst using interventions such as water, ice, mentholated measures, carbohydrate and protein enriched fluid, oral hydrator, flavored gargling, cold gargling, wet gauze, 0.75% citric acid spray, and cold water.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
the strategies observed may be reduced to cold and menthol use, salivary stimulants, and early introduction of fluids. The outcomes were positive in all the studies reviewed.


A multifunctional structural battery consisting of carbon fibers, lithium-electrode coatings and a structural battery electrolyte is investigated with an analytical bottom-up model. This model has a multiphysics approach, calculating both mechanical properties and electrical energy storage. The intention of the model is twofold; first, calculating the potential mass saving with using a structural battery instead of the combination of a monofunctional carbon fiber composite and a monofunctional lithium ion battery. Second, the model is used to investigate the behavior of the mass saving due to changing variables of the structural battery. This variable sensitivity analysis is made in order to understand the behavior of the structural battery and its sensitivity to the different construction variables. The results show that the structural battery can save up to 26% of mass compared to the monofunctional parts. Next, the model of the structural battery is further utilized in a life cycle assessment, where the manufacturing, usage and recycling of the structural battery is investigated. The life cycle assessment examines the structural battery as the roof of an electric vehicle. This analysis is compared to the same assessment for a steel roof and standard lithium ion batteries, which shows that manufacturing the carbon fibers and structural battery with clean energy is most important for decreasing the emissions from manufacturing. Wilhelm Johannisson, Mats Zackrisson, Christina Jönsson, Dan Zenkert, and Göran Lindbergh 2 INTRODUCTION Composite materials are a well-known solution to make lightweight and high-performance structures for the transport industry. But within electrification of vehicles composite materials will not be enough to reach a low enough total mass of the vehicle. This is due to the significant mass that is required for electrical energy storage. The mass of the structure and the mass of the energy storage are the largest contributors to the total mass of the vehicle. One route to decrease the mass of an electric vehicle is to join these two functionalities, energy storage and structure, into one. This can be done by creating a material that is simultaneously performing both functions. This material is then referred to as a multifunctional material, and for the specific functions of structure and energy storage; a structural battery (SB). Such SBs can be achieved by combining the technologies from composite materials with lithium ion batteries (LiBs). Carbon fibers are well known to be lightweight with high strength and stiffness. Furthermore, it is also known that carbon fibers intercalate lithium ions [1]. This lithium ion intercalation is a requirement for carbon fibers to be possible to use as a negative electrode in LiBs. Secondly, there needs to be a positive electrode. The positive electrode is made from an active material, e.g. LiFePO4. This material is coated onto carbon fibers, where the carbon fibers act as reinforcement for the structure and as current collectors for the battery function [2]. Lastly, the lithium ions need to be transported between the electrodes to charge and discharge the battery. This is commonly made with liquid electrolytes. However, for this material to have any structural use, the fibers need to be included in a solid matrix material. These opposite properties are facilitated by a new structural battery electrolyte (SBE) [3], [4]. This SBE is a bi-continuous and phase-separated network of a structural polymer backbone percolated with a liquid electrolyte. Figure 1 shows the construction and buildup of such structural battery. Figure 1: Schematic showing the basic construction of a structural battery cell. To further understand, predict and design the properties of an SB, a modelling-analysis has been made. This model is made from an analytical bottom-up approach, analyzing all ingoing materials and parts from both a structural and electrochemical point of view. The comparison of a SB versus a conventional structure is made such that a plate of the SB has the same bending stiffness as a plate of conventional construction material. The mass of these are then known and they perform the same mechanical function. Additionally, the SB is storing electrical energy. This is then matched with a standard LiB such that both the SB and the LiB is storing the same amount of energy. Since mass saving is desired, the aim is for this SB to have a lower mass than the combined mass of the conventional structure and the standard LiB. This model is then utilized to adjust design variables and study their effect on the mass saving of the SB. The desired outcome is to find which variables are the most important for making a highperforming SB and predict possible future mechanical and electrochemical properties of the SB. Furthermore, this model is used to make a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the use of SBs in an electric vehicle. All ingoing materials and processes are analyzed from a life cycle point of view, with regards to energy and materials consumed in the production phase, the usage phase and the recycling phase.


Optimizing allocation of human resources is the fundamental guarantee for the rapid development of colleges and universities. This article probes into how to work out tactics of human resources allocation according to our development orientation and adopt effective measures to improve the comprehensive and competitive strength of colleges and universities to push their fast development.


Version control systems such as Git support parallel collaborative work and became very widespread in the open-source community. While Git ooers some very interesting features, resolving collaborative connicts that arise during synchronization of parallel changes is a time-consuming task. In this paper we present an analysis of concurrency and connicts in oocial Git repository of four projects: Rails, IkiWiki, Samba and Linux Kernel. We also analyze how ooen users decide to rollback to previous document version when the integration process results in connict. Finally, we discuss the mechanism adopted by Git to consider changes made on two continuous lines as conflicting.


A backlight assembly and a display device having an improved display quality of the image and the light guide plate, it is disclosed. The light guide plate has a plurality of prism shape formed on one surface to be spaced apart from each other. In this way, according to the formed such that a prism shape are spaced apart from each other on one surface of the light guide plate, to prevent the central portion of the light guide plate is relatively luminance is higher than the edge parts it is possible to improve the luminance uniformity of the display quality of the resulting image is more can be improved. A light guide plate, a prism, a dot pattern,


ABSTRACT Impregnation of an appropriate chemical compound in wood is a common technique to improve durability, fire retardant properties, strength and dimensional stability, increase hardness and UV resistance. This study investigated a compression treatment followed by dipping in Alkaline Copper Quaternary solution (ACQ) as an alternative treatment method of green (unseasoned) southern pine timber. The effects of the compression parameters on ACQ uptake were investigated. The results showed that ACQ uptake increased disproportionally from 24 to 225 L/m3 with the increase of the compression ratio from 10% to 50%. ACQ uptake increased gradually from 65 to 120 L/m3 at a compression speed between 5 and 40 mm/min and dropped to 46 L/m3 for a compression speed of 50 mm/min. Radial compression resulted in a lower uptake than 45° and tangential compression. The penetration depth of Cu was satisfactory for most of the sapwood specimens for a compression ratio greater than 30%. For the heartwood/sapwood mixed specimens, 100% Cu penetration was achieved in the sapwood portion however the heartwood portion remained unpenetrated. The compression treatment could potentially reduce the treated timber cost by reducing drying cost and processing time while achieving a satisfactory performance as specified by the Australian standard.


In schools where Whole Language is catching on, activity in the school library/media center is booming! Children are in the center before school, after school, and throughout each school day. They get books for SSR (sustained silent reading). They peruse the genre bibliographies (even if they don't call them that) to select a book of the type they need or want. They check the author file to find out more about an author


The psychological preparation of the athlete considered one of the important columns that included in the training process as well as the other training requirements, so during the follow-up and experience of the researcher for tournaments (federal and university and local communities in Iraq) noted that the psychological emotions (psychological frequency and emotional response) have an impact on the skills of the players and the results of the boxers (negative and positive) as well as coaches not giving sufficient attention to the psychological requirements, and research problem concentrated by answering the following question what is the relationship between stress and emotional response and its relationship with the straight jab (left and right) of the applicants boxers. The researcher concluded that the performance of the straight punch (left and right) is not affected by the emotional and psychological hesitation of them. As well as the lack of significant differences between the emotional response and the psychological frequency and the left straight punch which shows the different levels of skills and the difference in the tactical and physical and cognitive levels.


60 Division of application No. 08/037,230, Mar. 26, 1993, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. PCT/ US92/04354, May 22, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 07/807,043, Dec. 12, 1991, Pat. No. 5,342,774, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 07/764,365, Sep. 23, 1991, abandoned, which is a continu ation-in-part of application No. 07/728,838, Jul. 19, 1991, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 07/705,702, May 23, 1991, abandoned.


Background Menstrual characteristics are important signs of women's health. We examined the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, race and ethnicity, and body weight using data collected from mobile menstrual tracking apps. Understanding how menstrual characteristics vary by these factors can provide important information for further study of environmental and social determinants of menstrual health. Methods We collected self-tracked menstrual cycle data from participants of the Apple Women's Health Study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were self-reported from surveys. Linear mixed effect (LME) models were used to estimate the differences in cycle length associated with age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), adjusted for possible confounders or predictors of cycle length. Cycle variability was estimated by the change of within-individual standard deviations of cycle length. Findings A total of 165,668 cycles from 12,608 participants from US were included. After adjusting for all covariates, mean menstrual cycle length was shorter with older age across all age groups until age 50 and then became longer for those age 50 and older. Menstrual cycles were on average 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.0) days longer for Asian and 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) days longer for Hispanic participants compared to White non-Hispanic participants. Participants with Class 3 obesity (BMI>=40 kg/m2) had 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) days longer cycles compared to those with healthy BMI (18.5<= BMI<25 kg/m2). Cycle variability was smaller among participants in older age groups but became considerably larger for those in the oldest age categories (45-49 and 50+). Asian and Hispanic participants and those who were obese had larger cycle variability. Interpretation This study demonstrated differences in menstrual characteristics by age, race and ethnicity,and obesity using data collected from mobile health apps. Future studies should explore the underlying determinants of the racial and ethnic differences in menstrual characteristics.


Analytical investigations were made to evaluate the thermal performance of a special thermal siphon design concept as a method for reducing building cooling loads. The basic feature of the thermal siphon investigated was that of a building wall constructed as a double envelope with a vertical air channel open at the top and bottom. When solar radiation is incident on the outside surface, the air within the channel is heated and a buoyancy driven flow is developed. This air flow removes a portion of the solar heat load incident upon the wall and thus reduces the heat gain by the building. The energy and momentum relationships presented are the essential features of the computer models developed for this study. Results of the investigation were obtained for a particular building application. Example cooling load reductions are presented as a function of ambient air temperature, wall insulation, solar irradiation, and the thickness of the air channel.


Introduction Cell mediated immunity (CMI) or lack of, plays a significant role in cancer progression. During CMI, natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes work to control tumorigenesis. Phagocytes recognize and engulf cells that express non-self antigens, while NK cells secrete perforin and granzyme which induces apoptosis [1]. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) also play a key role in CMI and are predictive of improved clinical outcomes in many solid tumors [2-9]. In order to generate memory T cells, CD4+ helper cells are required for effective T cell priming [10].


The 1997–2005 tularemia outbreak in Bulgaria affected 285 people. Ten strains were isolated from humans, a tick, a hare, and water. Amplified fragment length polymorphism typing of the present isolates and of the strain isolated in 1962 suggests that a new genetic variant caused the outbreak.


Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is one of the most malignant inherited arrhythmias, with onset of symptoms in childhood and a 70% risk of experiencing a cardiac event before the age of 20 years if untreated.1 Presymptomatic diagnosis is challenging, because the resting ECG is normal, and a family history of adrenergic-related sudden cardiac death or syncope is only present in 30% of individuals.1 The hRyR2 gene, coding for the ryanodine receptor channel, has been linked to the autosomal dominant form of CPVT, and a mutation may be detected in ≈65% of probands.2 A rare autosomal recessive form, linked to CASQ2 homozygous mutations, has also been described.2 Additional genes have been linked to the phenotype, but their prevalence is to date limited to sporadic cases.2

See Article by Landstrom et al

Initially, it was suggested that RyR2 mutations causing CPVT cluster in specific residues of the genes; however, reports of CPVT patients harboring mutations outside these clusters prompted the recommendation of screening the entire coding region of the gene.2 Overall, the gene has a negative residual variation intolerance score (a gene-based score that ranks genes from intolerant to tolerant based on whether they have more or less common functional genetic variation),3 hence suggesting that most variants are expected to be deleterious. The Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association Expert Consensus2 advises the use of genetic testing in everyone with a suspect clinical diagnosis of CPVT, based on the high yield of the test and on the malignancy of the disease that could manifest with sudden cardiac …


A Data Sharing Agreement is an agreement among contracting parties regulating how they share data under certain contextual conditions. Upon the definition phase, where the parties negotiate the respective authorizations on data covered by the agreement, the resulting policy may be analysed in order to identify possible conflicts or incompatibilities among authorizations clauses. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for Data Sharing Agreement analysis. Our proposal is built on a process algebra formalism dealing with contextual data, encoded into the Maude engine to make it executable. The effectiveness of the analysis is shown through a sensitive data sharing test bed. Furthermore, we present an implementation of the analyser exposed as a Web Service built on top of Maude. The Web Service technology allows the modularity of the whole architecture with respect to the analysis tool.


In this study, effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing lumbar disc herniation was evaluated. Twenty CT examinations which were interpreted as positive for a herniated disc, and were comfirmed by myelography, were reviewed. In 19 patients, CT demonstrated posterior protrusion of the disc but in one normal disc. Three typical cases were described. This study suggests that CT accurately demonstrates lumbar disc herniation.


laparotomies that are elective, 76%(95%CI,0.73to0.79); and(2)frequency ofPFTsbefore laparotomy, 69%(95% CI, 0.54 to0.84). Estimated annual national real costsforpreoperative PFTs are$25million to$45million. If useofPFTswere reduced by our estimate fortheproportion ofPFTs notmeeting currentguidelines, potential annual national costsavings wouldbe$7,925,411 to $21,406,707. National reimbursement expenditures bythird-party payers range from more than$90 million tomore than$235 million. Ifuse were reduced, potential annual savings inreimbursements wouldbe$29,084,076 to$111,345,440. Potential savings toMedicare approach $8million to$20 million annually. Conclusion: Reduced use ofPFTsbefore elective abdominal surgery couldgenerate substantial savings. Current evidence indicates reduced use would notcompromise patients' outcomes. (CHEST 1997; 111:1536-41)


An interactive, menu-driven computer program has been developed to analyze the small signal performance of electrical power systems. The Small Signal AC (SSAC) program enables the analysis of an arbitrary power system configuration using generic components. A component may be specified in terms of canonical circuit parameters or by selecting the entire component from a library. New component models and empirical data can be incorporated in the SSAC analysis through the use of the general component options. The SSAC program computes bus impedances, two-port parameters, loop gains, and small signal transient responses.


One of the procedural aspects of labor law, falls to the figure of untimely dismissal, is procedurally linked in its formality as the so-called demand for assets and compensation work, which is developed once the untimely dismissal by the worker is set, much is announced In relation to the case, various considerations, such as those raised by this research about the vulnerability of the employer's rights to health, a situation that is shown as disregard for the subject that works and absolute violation of constitutional rights and Labor in favor of the working class, the employer's excess and abuse is another of the elements that are configured as explained below the text to be investigated: Ecuadorian legislation, for the fulfillment of workers' rights, we consider that I propose the creation of the general organic code of processes (COGEP), with the purpose of making possible the application of legal elements such as procedural orality, evidenced then the application of the principle Of procedural speed within a specific case, all this governed the detailed rule, which acts as a concordant instrument for the application and guarantee of labor rights in favor of the worker.


IN a previous paper on the development of the olfactory organ in E a n a n i g r o m a c u l a t a by one of the present authors (Tsui, 1946a) questions were raised about the significance of the ephemeral existence of the lateral appendix and about the functions of different kinds of nasal glands and of Jaeobson's organ or the r e c e s s u s m e d i a l i s . To elucidate them experimental studies will be necessary. Unfortunately the species n igrom a c u l a t a which is abundant in North China is very rare in this part of the country. Kaloula borea l i s , on the other hand, is very common here. In order to use it as experimental material, familiarity with the developmental history of its nasal organ is prerequisite. In addition, it is of interest to compare the development of this organ in E a n a n i g r o m a c u l a t a and Kalou la b o r e a l i s , and to see whether certain findings in the former species concerning certain controversial points will be confirmed in the latter. The results of a complete study of the development of the nasal organ in Ka lou la borea l i s and of its comparison with that of E a n a n i g r o m a c u l a t a are embodied in the present paper. For the sake of shortness the two species will be generally referred to by their generic names only.


The Editor—Sir, Dr Collins and colleagues made key CT observations regarding tricuspid regurgitation [1], including the important early dense opacification of the inferior vena cara (IVC). We would like to present a further observation using a rapid spiral CT technique. An 82-year-old patient was referred for CT of the abdomen with a preliminary diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis and suspected carcinoma of the colon following cultivation of Streptococcus bovis from his blood. CT was performed on a Siemens Somatom plus 4 CT system following the iv administration of 100 ml lopropamide at 2 ml s and a delay of 25 s to capture the arterial phase of a biphasic liver examination. We were initially puzzled by the varying opacification of the IVC on sequential arterial phase images (Figures 1A–D). On some images the IVC was virtually unopacified (Figures 1A and C), while on others it was fairly well opacified with dense contrast medium (Figures 1B and D), long before contrast medium could have entered the IVC from the renal vein, etc. After discussion, it was concluded that a very dynamic flow phenomenon was the likeliest explanation and that the appearance of the IVC depended on systolic/diastolic variation, perhaps augmented by tricuspid regurgitation. Further discussion revealed that the patient had known aortic and mitral insufficiency and replacement of both valves for probable rheumatic