It is only since 1997 — a historic year in Australian politics — that I have been truly aware, and consequently proud of, my own Chineseness. At the time, Pauline Hanson and One Nation were reminding Australians that those of us not of European descent were still considered by many as outsiders. When people suddenly start hurling abuse at you in the streets you begin to question your place in what multiculturalists, arguably misdirected in their good intentions, and their ideological opposites would both construct as a 'national identity'. Tracing one's cultural origins has been for many artists a needful strategy for finding personal cultural integrity. I had long accepted my sexuality as a gay person without guilt, but why was I suddenly made to feel unhappy to be of Asian descent and appearance? As a Chinese Australian artist eager to exorcise his own demons, I looked to other artists, whose stories — although not exactly mine — contained elements of detective work, painfully accepted truths of the self, which then become transmuted into public declarations in their art practice. It was inevitable for me that the work and, therefore, the life of William Yang would became both a focus of admiration and research. The twin issues for which William Yang has become famous — being gay and being Chinese — are the themes of this study. In many ways this paper is a background to, rather than about, Yang's work, because it positions the factor of one's ethnicity within the context of the personal, often economic, and certainly racial politics of gay desire. While no doubt many heterosexual people have a generally-informed knowledge of and sympathy for the gay 'community' as a whole, one might also assume that very few straight European Australians would have a developed understanding of the sharply delineated networks within this socalled community. A 'gay community' is as spurious a notion as an allencompassing Asian identity. Peter A Jackson expresses reluctance in having a paper published in a collection of essays on theatre, film, art and literature by Asian Australians, because in part, he 'is concerned that the issue of how White gay cultures receive representations of Asian men may not interest a general audience'. He continues, however, by saying that:


The spectrum and general characteristics of the solutions of non-Fredholm integral equations, which arise in the description of relativistic bound states, is investigated. An efficient method of numerical solution of such equations is suggested, which allows one to obtain accurate values of the solution for all physically relevant values of the coupling constant. The procedure is illustrated on specific examples.


Hospital readmissions are associated with poor patient outcomes and increased health resource utilisation. The need to study readmission patterns is even bigger during a pandemic because the burden is further stretching the healthcare system.


The PDPA technique is applied in a wind-tunnel experiment on dust dry deposition. Dust deposition velocity is derived from the PDPA measurements over four different (water, wood, sand and tree) surfaces. A reliable dataset is obtained for the validation of dust deposition schemes. It is found that the deposition velocities for particles larger than 0.5 μm increase with particle size and friction velocity. For water surface, the dust deposition velocities for the particles in the size range of 0.5 to 10 μm do not significantly differ from each other and the results are reasonably well predicted by the scheme of Slinn & Slinn (1980). Particles with diameter larger than 3 μm are effectively deposited by impaction which is considered in the schemes (Slinn & Slinn, 1980; Slinn, 1982) but underestimated. For rough surfaces, the contribution of interception is important to the deposition of particles in the diameter range of 0.5 to 3 μm. The effect of interception has been so far not adequately represented in th...


The development of high-throughput Microarray technologies has provided a range of opportunities to systematically characterize diverse types of biological networks. Biological networks can be broadly classified as protein interaction networks [1], [2], [3], metabolic networks [4], [5], [6] and gene co-expression networks [7]. These networks provide an effective way to summarize gene and protein correlations. In this paper, we focus on gene co-expression networks, which is an undirected graph where nodes represent genes and nodes are connected by an edge if the corresponding gene pairs are significantly co-expressed. Gene co-expression networks provide the association between individual genes in terms of their expression similarity and a network-level view of the similarity among a set of genes. In co-expression networks, two genes are connected by an undirected edge if their expression levels are correlated and this correlation is computed by using measures such as Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, mutual information. Compared to gene regulatory networks, a gene co-expression network is built upon gene neighborhood relations which give interesting geometric interpretations of the network. One of the most important applications of gene co-expression networks is to identify functional gene modules [8] or network modules, which are represented by the strongly connected regions of the co-expression network. In the literature, a number of techniques have been proposed for gene co-expression network construction. When inferring co-expression networks from gene expression data, the algorithms take a gene expression dataset as primary input and then, by using correlation-based proximity measure, constructs the corresponding co-expression networks. Approaches such as [9], [10] used Pearson correlation coefficient to extract the association among genes in a co-expression network. The Spearman correlation coefficient is used as a gene expression similarity measure to construct co-expression network in [10]. [11], [12] reports the use of Mutual Information to find similarly expressed gene pairs in such networks. While some studies attempted to apply algorithms directly to the adjacency matrices of networks in order to partition network nodes into groups [13], [14], other studies have relied on special purpose algorithms for identifying subnetworks with certain properties [15]. To construct the gene co-expression network, we have used the general framework proposed by [16]. An effective gene similarity measure called NMRS is used to construct the distance matrix. We have used hard thresholding based signum function[16] to construct the adjacency matrix from distance matrix. A spanning tree based approach is used to detect network modules in the co-expression network. Extracted network modules are projected as functional categories of genes and these modules are validated using p value and Q value. Our approach is explained stepwise next.


One of the main stages of production process in manufacturing articles is thermic processing. Quality control of thermal processing consists in hardness measurement. For hardness measurement methods of Brinnel (SS 9012 - 50), Rockwell (SS 9013 - 59), Vikkers (SS 9013 - 59) et al are used. They are based on different methods of static and dynamic effect on the surface of the tested body that is metal is subjected to contact loading. The main disadvantages of mechanical methods are their low productivity, impossibility of series control, large labour intensiveness and in some case the need of destruction of the detail itself. All this facts do not allow achieving 100 % control of the manufactured production. For excluding the drawbacks of destructive methods one tried to measure hardness applying nondestructive, ultrasound method. For this purpose a device for measuring rate of ultrasound spread in rollers of reinforced concrete bearing has been constructed.


Maintenance is an essential activity in the industry, when applied a significant increase in equipment life span as well as, reparation and spare parts cost reduction is achieved. In addition the expenses associated to man labor decrease too. Present paper shows Mainpack 10.0, a software for the management of maintenance and reparations of sugar industry installations. When the maintenance process is automated Mainpack 32 all organizing and management aspects are faster and best controlled. For the development of this computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) several activities and tasks realized during maintenance process were analyzed and build up in the program design leading to cover all of them (planning, equipment identification, incidences, passports, diagnose, etc). Mainpack 10.0 was designed aiming to an easy use and exploitation. In present paper the actual data are offered to demonstrate the software usefulness and possibilities.


Three series of weakly crosslinked polyurethanes based on a hydroxyterminated polybutadiene, hydroxyterminated butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer, and hydroxyterminated ethylene–adipate–maleate–fumarate copolymer were prepared while varying the hard segment content between 1.72 and 2.36 mol NHCOO/1000 g polymer. Information on the microphase structure and the properties of the synthesized polyurethanes was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and mechanical studies. Up to a urethane concentration of around 2 mol NHCOO/1000 g polymer, there is a mixture of hard–hard and hard–soft segments. Above this concentration a large part of the hard–soft segments passes into hard–hard crystallites, liberating the soft segments. The best mechanical properties of the studied polyurethanes were found for a urethane concentration of around 2 mol NHCOO/1000 g polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1858–1867, 2003


Dact proteins belong to a structure-related protein family. Recent studies have demonstrated that Dact proteins play an important role in tumorigenesis via modulation of wnt and TGF-p signaling. Delin-eation of the physiological function of Dact proteins would enhance our understanding of look for new strategy targets for cancer and suggests a potential strategy for therapeutic control of wnt and TGF-β signaling in canc-er.

Key words:
Dact;  Wnt;  TGF-β;  Cell signal


We study an optimal bidding and allocation problem that builds upon the earlier work of [4]. The model we study is of interest in online real-time advertising where the demand of a large number of advertisers is aggregated by an intermediary who bids in the advertising auction market on their behalf. This intermediary is referred to as a Demand Side Platform (DSP).


This synthesis examines implementation practices used by public-sector nontransportation agencies, nonprofits, and academia to accelerate practical application of research results. The emphasis is on practices that might be useful for transportation agencies to create more responsive research programs. A series of implementation case examples and practices are presented. Information for this study was gathered through a comprehensive literature review of U.S. and selected international sources. Agency websites were searched and interviews were conducted with key individuals at case example agencies. After an introductory chapter, chapters addressed: factors affecting the use, timing, and ease of implementation; case examples and practice descriptions; replication and transferability of implementation strategies and practices; and conclusions and observations for going forward.


Palladium-catalyzed C C bond-formation reactions between aryl halides or triflates and organometallic reagents are among the most useful methods to construct biaryls, which are usually structural motifs found in important nature products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. The corresponding organometallic nucleophilic starting materials, however, are often not commercially available and sometimes lead to the formation of undesired side products. Over the past decade, extensive efforts have been made to explore the transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation of C H bonds as ecologically and economically friendly alternatives. Furthermore, owing to the requirement of site selectivity, directing groups such as pyridyl, acylamino, hydroxy, and phenolic ester groups have been broadly introduced into substrates. The majority of these directing groups cannot be easily removed from the products, and a few of them have to be deprotected by further transformations. In recent years, transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions have emerged as a powerful strategy to form carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds from cheap, diverse, and readily available aryl carboxylic acids. The carboxylic acid group can efficiently be removed or converted into a variety of useful functional groups, which makes the directed ortho C H functionalization of carboxylic acids exceptionally practical for applications in organic synthesis. In 2007, the groups of Yu and Daugulis pioneered the direct ortho-arylation of benzoic acids with aryl halides by using palladium as a catalyst (Scheme 1 a). Also, Yu and co-workers demonstrated that phenylboronic acid esters and aryltrifluoroborates can be utilized as coupling partners for the ortho functionalization of benzoic acids (Scheme 1 b). 7] Recent work has identified that diaryliodonium salts, which are commercially available or easily synthesized, are important alternatives that can be used as arylation reagents in palladium-catalyzed C H arylation reactions. However, application of diaryliodonium salts in the catalytic ortho-arylation of benzoic acids has not yet been reported. The use of water as an environmentally benign, nonflammable, and nontoxic medium for organic transformations is strongly desired because of green chemistry. 10] As part of our continuous interest in aqueous catalysis, herein we report an efficient and practical protocol for the palladium-catalyzed C H ortho arylation of benzoic acids with diaryliodonium salts by using water as the solvent (Scheme 1 c). In our initial optimization study, m-toluic acid and phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)iodonium triflate (2 a) were chosen as model substrates. As illustrated in Table 1, no desired product was found in the absence of catalyst by using water as the solvent (Table 1, entry 1). Gratifyingly, the substrates could be transformed into desired ortho-arylated product 3 a in 85 % yield by using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 (Table 1, entry 2). Next, a variety of organic solvents were tested; nevertheless, only a trace amount of the product was formed (Table 1, entries 3–10). The results suggest strongly that the choice of water as the solvent is crucial for this reaction. Replacing Pd(OAc)2 by PdCl2 resulted in a slightly lower yield of the product (78 %; Table 1, entry 11). Furthermore, low temperatures decelerated the reaction rate; product 3 a was obtained in 54 % yield if the reaction was performed at 80 8C (Table 1, entry 12). A symmetrical iodonium salt was also compatible with the reaction, and it provided a similar result (Table 1, entry 13). Scheme 1. Palladium-catalyzed C H ortho arylation of benzoic acids. Ac = acetyl, BQ = 1,4-benzoquinone, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl.


There has long been awareness that trauma is pervasive among individuals who suffer from mental and substance use disorders. However, only recently has the behavioral health field begun to systemat...


With the recent advances in human sensing, the push to integrate human mobility tracking with epidemic modeling highlights the lack of groundwork at the mesoscale (e.g., city-level) for both contact tracing and transmission dynamics. Although GPS data has been used to study city-level outbreaks in the past, existing approaches fail to capture the path of infection at the individual level. Consequently, in this paper, we extend epidemics prediction from estimating the size of an outbreak at the population level to estimating the individuals who may likely get infected within a finite period of time. To this end, we propose a network science based method to first build and then prune the dynamic contact networks for recurring interactions; these networks can serve as the backbone topology for mechanistic epidemics modeling. We test our method using Foursquare's Points of Interest (POI) smart phone geolocation data from over 1.3 million devices to better approximate the COVID-19 infection curves for two major (yet very different) US cities, (i.e., Austin and New York City), while maintaining the granularity of individual transmissions and reducing model uncertainty. Our method provides a foundation for building a disease prediction framework at the mesoscale that can help both policy makers and individuals better understand their estimated state of health and help the pandemic mitigation efforts.


The tissue culture and rapid proliferation of Ananas comosus 'smooth gayenne' were studied by using fascicular bud as explants.The results showed that the medium of MS+6-BA1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.2 mg·L~(-1)+sucrose 30 g·L~(-1) was effective to induce shooting and it is suitable for the first generation cultivation; MS+6 -BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.2 mg·L~(-1)+CW(φ=10%)+ sucrose 40 g·L~(-1)could effectively induce fasciculate buds and it is suitable for subculture and proliferation.The propagation coefficient was 5.3 every 30 days.he most optimum rooting medium was MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.5 mg·L~(-1)+sucrose 40 g·L~(-1), and the rooting rate was 96.7 %.The plantlets were transplanted in substrate mixed surface soil and coconut coir after getting stocky shoots Hardening off for four days;The survival rate of tube plant reached 95.0%.


Background/Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the role of an aggrecan (ACAN) gene variant and proteoglycan levels in the risk of lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD). Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients with LDDD and 103 healthy controls were enrolled. Molecular assessment of the ACAN gene (c.6423T>C) variant was determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction. Proteoglycan levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The frequency of all alleles and genotypes in all study groups were distributed according to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, no association between the ACAN gene (c.6423T>C) variant and presence of risk factors for LDDD was detected. However, proteoglycan levels were significantly lower in patients with LDDD compared to the control group (p<0.00001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that proteoglycan has emerged as a potential novel biomarker which might be used for prediction of LDDD risk.


Augmented Reality applications based on fiducial markers enable real-time interactions between users and virtual/real elements. Since these applications are computationally expensive, they must be carefully designed to run on mobile devices. Developers of applications for mobile platform must be concerned to deal with minimum limits for requirements such as the frame rate. The objective of this paper is to check whether there is a correlation between the frame rate and the ease-touse of the system, in addition to finding the minimum limit for this requirement. The results showed, first, there is a correlation between these factors, and, second, the minimum limit varies according to the type of interaction.


Batched dense linear algebra kernels are becoming ubiquitous in scientific applications, ranging from tensor contractions in deep learning to data compression in hierarchical low-rank matrix approximation. Within a single API call, these kernels are capable of simultaneously launching up to thousands of similar matrix computations, removing the expensive overhead of multiple API calls while increasing the occupancy of the underlying hardware. A challenge is that for the existing hardware landscape (x86, GPUs, etc.), only a subset of the required batched operations is implemented by the vendors, with limited support for very small problem sizes. We describe the design and performance of a new class of batched triangular dense linear algebra kernels on very small data sizes (up to 256) using single and multiple GPUs. By deploying recursive formulations, stressing the register usage, maintaining data locality, reducing threads synchronization, and fusing successive kernel calls, the new batched kernels outperform existing state-of-the-art implementations.


We show a relationship between elastic electron scattering observables and the elastic neutrino cross section that provides a straightforward determination of the latter from experimental data of the former and relates their uncertainties. An illustration of this procedure is presented using a Hartree-Fock mean field for the nuclear structure of a set of even-even nuclear targets, using the spectra of the neutrinos produced in pion decay at rest. We also analyze the prospects to measure the incoherent axial contribution to the neutrino elastic scattering in odd targets.


Calculus proposal and way of fertilization, with or without hilling, in order to improve the yield and income of 'Aruba' super sweet corn. This article aims to determine the best way to calculate and to add phosphorus to the soil, with or without hilling, in order to increase the yield of 'Aruba' super sweet corn and the income for the producer. The total of the experiment treatments were twelve, established by 2 (way of calculation: conventionalCC and proposedCP) x 3 (ways of addition to the soil: in line AL, in stripAS and in plotAP) x 2 (with or without hilling) factorial scheme arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The total number of ears and the number of noncommercial ears were significantly higher on phosphate fertilization in row and in hilling compared to without hilling. Costs of yield by CC were of R$ 1,315.90 and R$ 1,456.90 per hectare, with and without hilling, respectively, independent of the way of addition. As for CP, costs varied between R$ 1,063.00 with AL and without hilling, and R$ 1,377.30 per hectare with AP and with hilling. Incomes in system CC were negative, with values between  R$ 204.70 and  R$ 545.70 per hectare, when AL was done, with and without hilling, respectively. In CP, the variation of income was between - R$ 292.30, for AS with hilling, and R$ 274.90 per hectare, for AP without hilling.


A 49-year old gentleman was admitted for investigation of multiple cavitating pulmonary lesions on CT and hemoptysis (Figure 1). He developed a dry, non-productive cough a month prior to admission with fevers, chills, and night sweats, but no shortness of breath and no chest pain. Half a month prior to admission, he was diagnosed with pneumonia by chest X-ray and prescribed azithromycin. Without symptomatic relief after one week on antibiotics, his treatment regimen was changed to gatifloxacin and metronidazole for ten days. Three days later, the patient's symptoms worsened to include a productive cough yielding yellow sputum, hemoptysis, muscle aches, epistaxis, and hematuria. He had also lost ten pounds the preceding month. The patient was deteriorating which prompted CT investigation showing multiple cavitation lesions.


For solving such problem as difficult identification of fault of distribution line and improving the safety of reclosing operation of distribution line, the principle of fault character identification of distribution line based on injection signal of distributed generation is proposed. In this paper distributed generation injection signal, based distribution line fault detection technology was proposed. Briefly introduce the equivalent parameters of distribution line, in case of transient and permanent fault conditions, are analyzed and the criterion of fault character identification. In addition to this, a control scheme for the inverter that will output a three-phase symmetrical voltage signal in the event that there is a loss of power to the system has been designed. The Matlab simulation serves to validate both the practicability and soundness of the strategy that has been suggested. The result show that uses the existed injection signal of the distributed generation device for fault identification, and has such advantages as accurate fault detection, convenient implementation and economic reliability without additional power supply.


A.Huxley criticizes fascism for its domestic politics of leadership cult,official propaganda for mass mobilization,terrorist coercion,and fascist mass psychology.His anti-fascist thought is an important part of his political awareness and a grave theme of his fiction Brave New World and nonfiction writings.A study of Huxley's anti-fascism in light of Critical Theory is a new approach to his masterpiece and exposes a new aspect of his political and literary thought.


The study aimed to examine the relationship between accounting information (earnings per share, dividend per share and book value per share) on stock price changes (volatility) in Nepalese hydro power companies. It examined the impact of dividend per share, earnings per share and book value per share on stock price changes. Out of the 51 hydropower companies listed in Nepal Stock Exchange, Butwal Power Company Limited (BPC) and Chilime Hydro Power Company Limited (CHPC) were randomly selected for the study. The study period was covered 2073/2074 to 2078/2079 and data collected through the annual reports as well as data based on the Nepal Stock Exchange. Market value per share (MVPS) was taken as dependent variable and earnings per share (EPS), dividend per share (DPS) and book value per share (BVPS) as independent variables. Multiple regression analyses was used to identify the impact of accounting information on share price changes. A positive relation was found between EPS and MVPS in both companies. However DPS and BVPS showed mixed relationship (negative and positive) with MVPS of BPC and CHPC. The EPS of BPC found positive impact on MVPS. However DPS revealed negative impact on MVPS of both companies.


Islam gives human freedoom to profess a religion without any coercion. This freedom principle includes when one want to convert from his previous religion into another one. In Islam, it is called riddah, leaving Islam to convert into another religion consciously. The performers of riddah are called the apostates.The action of Riddah is fulminated by the Qur'an; however, the Qur'an does not clearly determine the punishment far the apostates. The majority of Islamic law scholars classify riddah as Jarimah (an injustice deed) that must be under pain of death as stated in hadits. Such a classification breaks the rights of the liberty of conscience supported by several verses of the Qur'an.The death penalty that is applied to the Jarimah performers, as a matter of fact, does not spontaneously apply when the action of Jarimah is known, but there is resuscitation process by persuading the apostates to reconvert into Islam. Moreover, the ulamas have different opinions in determining the criteria of Jarimah riddah (the criminal law of apostasy) that causing the death penalty. In this case, there is contradiction between the Qur'an and hadits. Therefore, the decision of the death penalty far the apostates should be reviewed.
Key Word : riddah, Islam, criminal law, death penalty


The aim of this paper is to analyze the recommended content of business plans and feasibility studies at home and broad, to describe the differences and provide guidance and recommendations on how to improve the recommended c ontents. According to the recommended content (CBRD), there aven't been introduced analyses such as SWOT analysis, PEST ana lysis and VMOST analysis in Croatia. All major banking instit u ons that operate in the Croatian financial market accept CBR D's model. Whether the recommended content is good, what are t he differences in terms of countries of the world, and how to make good and quality business plan or feasibility study are the questions that this paper will try to answer. The first part describes various recommended conten ts of business plans and feasibility studies at home and abroad an the second part describes the thanklessness of financial indic ators projections nowadays. The third part of the paper analyzes why it is necessary to make analyses like SWOT, PESTLE and VMOST, along financial analysis, what they consist of, and how to do them well and efficiently. Also, the paper examines how they comp le ent the financial tables and provide a better and wider pic ture of the entrepreneur, company or project. In conclusion, the paper will show that the recomme nded content has to be modified and supplement these earlier ana lyses, and thus try to restore the confidence of potential investor .


The use of conventional methods in the calculation of production costs led to the determination of production costs that are not accurate. This is because the distribution of overhead costs of conventional methods only use one trigger that will cause the cost of the distortion costs. Associated with it, this research tries to provide a clear description of the implementation of Activity Based Costing system in the allocation of overhead costs more accurately to each different product types. Object of this research is the allocation of overhead costs in the determination of production costs by CV. X by using the conventional method. Research using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and methods of comparative studies in which conventional production costs that have been done by CV. X compared with the calculation of production cost with the ABC method. The results indicate the occurrence of the three types overcosting products and undercosting on one type of product. This proves that the allocation of overhead costs to be more accurate by using Activity Based Costing system because this method using multiple cost drivers to allocate overhead costs.


Objective To explore the expression and significance of Livin、Caspase-3 protein in the colon carcinoma and colon adenaoma.Methods Immunohistochemistry staining was employed to detect the expression of Livin、Caspase-3 protein in 50 cases of colon carcinoma and 50 cases of colon adenaoma.Results Livin protein positive expression rates in the colon carcinoma tissues were more than those in colon adenaoma tissues.Caspase-3 protein positive expression rates in the colon carcinoma tissues were lower than those in colon adenaoma tissues.There were no marked significances relating to Livin caspases-3 protein positive expression rates in colon adenaoma tissues and normal tissues.Conclusion Livin、caspases-3 play an important role in incidence and development of colon carcinoma


The utility model relates to a power socket device capable of remotely controlling on and off of a power source and a remote control type power socket of the power socket device. The power socket device comprises at least one power socket and a remote controller, at least one jack is arranged on a casing of each power socket, a power switch and a control circuit electrically connected with the power switch are arranged in each jack, the control circuit is used for receiving instructions of on and off of the remote controller, opening and closing specific jack codes and on and off orders contained by the instructions and controlling the power switch of the jack corresponding to the instructions to start or stop electric power of the jack. Therefore, a user can control on and off of appliances plugged on the power socket by the remote controller, and usage of remote controllers of various appliances can be reduced.


Application of a Ratiometric Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Thermometry for Micro-scale Temperature Measurement for Natural Convection Flows. (August 2003) Heon Ju Lee, B.S., Korea University, Korea Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Kenneth D. Kihm A ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry applied to microscale temperature measurement for natural convection flows. To eliminate incident light non-uniformity and imperfection of recording device, two fluorescence dyes are used: one is temperature sensitive fluorescence dye (Rhodamine B) and another is relatively temperature insensitive fluorescence dye (Rhodamine 110). Accurate and elaborate calibration for intensity ratio verses temperature obtained using an isothermal cuvette, which was controlled by two thermo-bathes. 488nm Ar-ion laser used for incident light and two filter sets used for separating each fluorescence emission. Thermally stratified filed of 10mm channel with micro-scale resolution measured within 1.3C uncertainty of liner prediction with 23μm x 23μm spatial resolution. Natural convection flows at 10mm channel also observed. The several difficulties for applying to heated evaporating meniscus were identified and a few resolutions were suggested.


"Let the teachers and students to live a happy life full of education," the goal is the pursuit of new educational experiment.Based on people-oriented of the theoretical foundation of new educational experiment is the "new" education,"heart" of education,"the line" education,"Fortunately," education,"Star" education,"the letter" education;new education experiments in pursuit of knowledge,life,sympathy for the highest state of life,efforts to establish a "morning chanting-afternoon reading-Twilight province" as the core curriculum,"professional reading + writing + Professional Development Professional Community" as the core curriculum for teachers;new educational experiment through the "six" action and the new education regarding monthly,"four" change,that change the way teachers walking,changing living conditions of students,changing school development mode,changes to the educational research paradigm.New education research and practice in vocational colleges also have to explore space.


The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of VCO oil made using the Layered Induction and Filtering technique. This research is an experimental study using the Layered Induction and Filtering method in making VCO oil. The population used as the object of this research is coconut in the Mataram city area, which is the raw material for making VCO oil. While the sample used is old and dry coconut fruit. The data from the calculation of the VCO quality test were obtained using the standard formula for calculating the quality of oil to test for moisture, peroxide numbers and free fatty acids. The results of the water content test at an interval of one hour for four times were 0.15%, the test results for the peroxide number were 2.46 and the acid number test results were 0.46%. Based on APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community) standards, VCO oil made with the Layered Induction and Filtering technique has the quality of the water content, peroxide number, and free fatty acids below the maximum standards set by APCC, so the quality of VCO oil is very good. Making VCO with this method can be applied on a household scale with the quality of results according to the standards set by the APCC.


The article presents the results of the analysis of the success of fast-growing enterprises ("gazelles") in Russia on the basis of their financial statements compared to the results of "ordinary" medium-sized businesses. The authors found a greater tendency to rapid growth of the "young" firms. The study found that value added share of revenue for fast-growing firms is significantly higher.The authors compared the profitability of sales on the general sample and for fast-growing companies. On this basis it was concluded that the "gazelles" are more successful in terms of both growth ability and profit-generation ability.


In this study, the electron paramagnetic resonance g factors g // and g ⊥ of two tetragonal Ti3+ defect centers, the isolated Ti3+ center and the Ti3+–Nb5+ center, in the low-temperature rhombohedral phase of BaTiO3 are calculated from the complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method and the perturbation theory method. Both the methods are based on the two-spin–orbit (SO)-parameter model. In the model, the contributions to the g factors due to both the SO parameters of the central 3d1 ion and the ligand ion are included. The calculations are related to the defect models and defect structures of the two tetragonal Ti3+ centers. In the isolated Ti3+ center, the Ti3+ ion is assumed to occupy the approximately cubic octahedral Ti4+ site. The octahedron surrounding the Ti3+ undergoes a static Jahn–Teller distortion (characterized by the ligand displacement a) from approximately cubic to tetragonally compressed. In the Ti3+–Nb5+ center, the substitutional Ti3+ is charge compensated by an Nb5+ ion at the nearest neighboring Ti4+ site along the C 4-axis. The O2− ion intervening Ti3+ and Nb5+ has an additional displacement Δ z toward Nb5+ owing to the electrostatic interaction. From the calculations, the g factors of the two tetragonal Ti3+ centers are reasonably explained by either method. Also, the defect models of both the Ti3+ centers are confirmed and their defect structures (characterized by the ligand displacements a and Δ z) are obtained. The results are discussed.


TPS162 Background: A phase I trial has been initiated for QBI-139, a variant of the human pancreatic ribonuclease 1, which shares 95% sequence identity with the native protein. Unlike the native protein, the drug QBI-139 is able to evade the ribonuclease inhibitor protein found in the cytosol, allowing the ribonuclease to be active when the enzyme enters cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells with QBI-139 results in apoptosis. QBI- 139 has shown efficacy in models of a variety of cancers, including colorectal, non-small cell lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. A critical next step for QBI-139 is to identify indications for the next stage of clinical development given the agent's broad efficacy in model systems. Methods: Due to the range of activity, the phase I trial was designed for patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients receive QBI- 139 by intravenous infusion once weekly for three weeks with treatment repeating every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable tox...


As satisfying as it is from several points of view, this theorem leaves open the question of what happens at a specific point σ0 ∈ ∂∆. Of course, to get a sensible statement one needs to make some assumptions on the function f . In 1920, Julia ([Ju]) identified the right hypotheses, showing how to get the existence of the non-tangential limit at a given boundary point using Schwarz's lemma. But the real breakthrough is due to Wolff ([W]) in 1926 and Carathéodory ([C]) in 1929, who proved that under Julia's hypotheses the derivative too admits non-tangential limit at the specified boundary point. Their results are collected in the following statement, the Julia-Wolff-Carathéodory theorem:


56 Background: Mental illness is a growing issue in the USA. More individuals continue to be diagnosed with illnesses such as depression and anxiety and placed on necessary medications. Studies have shown that the psychological makeup of an individual greatly impacts their health behavior and usage of preventative measures. However, there is limited research on the effect of anxiety and depression on PSA testing. This study explores the associations between the use of anxiety and depression medications and PSA testing. Methods: We used data from the National Health Interview Survey during the year 2018, and assessed responses to the question "Have you ever had a PSA test?" and "What is the number of PSA tests you had in the last 5 years?". Responses were stratified by whether men were taking medications for anxiety, depression, both or none. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to define adjusted odds ratios of undergoing PSA testing adjusting for relevant socio-economic and demographic parameters. Results: Among the 5,035 male participants, 89.4% did not take any medication, 2.9% reported they took anxiety medication, 2.1% took depression medication and 5.5% took both medications. There was a significantly higher rate of PSA testing in men who took medications for both anxiety and depression compared to men taking no medications (p=0.002). Furthermore, the average number of PSA tests in the last 5 years was highest in the group of men taking both medications ( p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that men who took medications for both depression and anxiety were more likely to undergo PSA testing in comparison to men, not on any of these medications (OR=1.755, p=0.001). The multivariable analysis also showed that age, living with a spouse, and prior cancer history were associated with an increased likelihood of PSA testing while being a minority, living in the south of the USA, and being a current smoker was associated with a lower likelihood of undergoing PSA testing. Conclusions: Taking both anxiety and depression medications in men may be associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing PSA testing. Despite obvious limitations of this analysis including its retrospective nature and recall bias, this association needs to be further explored, especially due to rising use of these medication in the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic.[Table: see text]


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek to contribute to the field of workplace play by introducing the notion of social ludic activities (SLAs) as a specific form of play in organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptualization of SLAs is built upon insights from the practice and organizational play literatures. Findings – SLAs can be deployed not only for productively engaging with work but also as an instrument to resist authority, boycott work or challenge firm contingencies. The particular enactments of SLAs may be influenced by how employees perceive and interpret the organizational climate (i.e. corporate culture, management style, job design and task complexity, and intra-firm interactions) in which they are embedded. Practical implications – The recognition that emergent forms of play may be conducive to the generation of valuable outcomes without managerial intervention can save managers' time and efforts required for dealing with potential employees' resistance. Taking advan...


The sale management MIS of aluminum material enterprises is described by usingcomputer Network technique. Network of infomation in enterprise's departments is built up, whichlays a foundation for modernization of aluminum manufacturing enterprises.


Human chromatin-associated protein extracts were examined for endonucleolytic activity on a defined 132-base pair DNA substrate containing a single, site-specific 4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen plus long wavelength ultraviolet light-induced furan side or pyrone side monoadduct or interstrand cross-link. These extracts produced incisions on both the 3′ and 5′ sides of each of these lesions. The distance between the 3′ and 5′ incisions at sites of a furan side monoadduct or cross-link was 9 nucleotides, and at sites of a pyrone side monoadduct or cross-link it was 17 nucleotides. Incisions on the 3′ side of both types of furan side and pyrone side adducts were similar and were either at the fourth or fifth phosphodiester bond from the adducted thymine, depending upon the adduct. However, greater differences were observed between sites of 5′ incision. This incision occurred at the fifth and sixth phosphodiester bonds from the adducted thymine at sites of furan side monoadducts and cross-links, respectively, and at the 13th and 14th phosphodiester bonds at sites of pyrone side monoadducts and cross-links, respectively. Thus, direct analysis of sites of endonucleolytic incision reveals that the location of sites of incision on TMP-adducted substrates depends upon the type of adduct present.


Light distribution in cucumber canopy affects leaf photosynthesis directly. Scientific computing of light distribution and accurate modeling of canopy photosynthesis is beneficial to improve understanding of the canopy structure and provide a quantitative decision basis for optimal planting spacing design. In this paper, three 3D cucumber canopy models were reconstructed in different planting spacing using measured data. A canopy light distribution calculation model and photosynthesis model were used to calculate light interception and photosynthetic production. Experimental results demonstrated that based on the 3D cucumber canopy models and combining light distribution model, the light distribution in different planting spacing canopy can be simulated accurately. Leaf photosynthesis calculation based on the result of light distribution modeling provides an efficient approach to investigate the physiology of cucumber, and a favorable support for the decisions for optimal planting spacing design.


Stomatology in Tianjin Medical College mainly develops higher-quality skillful and practical students who will go to grassroots,rural and urban medical institutions at all levels.As a bridge course between preclinical medical courses and oral medial professional courses,pharmacology must break the existing disciplinary boundaries,focus on students' ability and sustainable development,increase the integration pace between preclinical medicine and clinic medicine,and reform the original teaching methods in order to meet talents needs of the rapid development of oral medicine profession.


In this study the acoustic impulse response method serves as a non-destructive tool to monitor the changes of the firmness of apples on and off the tree. This is tested for some important apple cultivars ranging from early maturing to late maturing ones. The early maturing cultivar 'Summerred' shows significant lower firmness values than the mid-season ones and late-season ones through the whole growing season. Especially 'Braeburn' remains firm on the tree. Off the tree the retention of the firmness of this cultivar is similar to the mid-season and mid-late ones. A better understanding of these varietal differences would help the assessment of quality.


River currents represent a reliable source of clean, renewable energy. While many devices have been designed to harness this energy, lift-based turbines represent the most efficient option for power generation. The Power Rangers design team has designed, built, and tested a scale model Double Gorlov helical cross-flow water turbine, and a similar turbine for use in air streams. SolidWorks 2013 package was used to develop a virtual model for construction and virtual analysis. The resulting computer model was ANSYS(FLUENT)14.5 for Double Gorlov helical turbine. The test rig included double impeller Gorlov helical turbine (GHT) with diameter= 15 cm, three blades and height= 32 cm. An open channel, which will be conducted by the experimental part dimensions (long 16000mm, high 450mm and width 300mm).  Different water velocity is tested namely (0.86, 1.26, 1.311, 1.51, 1.697 and 1.81 m/s) when the channel is straight and when they are tilted with the use of three nozzles. The results showed that the extracted power increased with velocity. At water velocity of 1.81 m/s, the power produced was 3.016W. LAPVIEW program was used to control and operate the open channel test bench.  ANSYS (FLUNET) 14.5 Program was used to model the turbine and analyses flow around the turbine. The numerical results showed that at 1.81 m/s velocity water, the power produced was 2.89 W. An agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical results.


Received: 24 Jan 2020 Received in revised: 17 Apr 2020 Accepted: 1 May 2020 Published online: 26 May 2020 DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.18.3.2020.27 In many developing countries, there is a large quantity of agricultural wastes that cause severe pollution problems. Also, the agricultural soils are polluted with heavy metals and there is a need to find an environmentally friendly approach for both getting rid of agro-wastes and helping in having more available soil for agriculture. In the present study, rice straw was used for the production of biochar for application in soil remediation. The biochar prepared by rice straw pyrolysis at 450 oC was characterized by different tools such as X-ray diffraction, Fouriertransformation infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results indicated that rice straw biochar (RSB) has amorphous porous structure with several functional groups and mainly composed of silicates. RSB was then investigated as soil remediating material for a silty clay soil. In this context, a synthetic polluted soil was prepared to contain 10 and 500 mg/kg of cadmium and lead, respectively. Rice straw biochar (RSB) was applied to the soil at the following (w/w) rates: 0% (control), 1.25% (T1), 2.50% (T2), 5.00% (T3) and 10.00% (T4). After 30 days of incubation, the soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that biochar addition resulted in a significant increase in soil pH, EC, CEC, total organic matter, total carbon and moisture. Application of biochar slightly increased the available N, P and K. The concentrations of plant available Pb and Cd in all biochar treatments were significantly lower than those of the control treatment. It can be concluded that biochar prepared from agricultural wastes is of both economic and environmental interest, especially in developing countries. Rice straw biochar could be further explored for remediating other types of soil pollutants with continuous monitoring of soil properties.


Objective To explore the correlation between early postoperative tumor relapse with lymph node micrometastasis in the patients with pN_(0) colorectal cancer.Methods Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),192 regional lymph nodes obtained from 32 patients with colorectal cancer without invasion of the tumor confirmed by histopathologic examination(pN_(0))were studied for further detecting mRNA of cytokeratin 20(CK-20) gene and determining nodal micrometastasis.All the patients had undergone radical resection and regional lymph node dissection and followed up for one year to detect early tumor relapse.Difference in relapse was compared by χ~(2) test.Results CK20 mRNA expression was identified in 29 lymph nodes(15.1%),of 13 patients(40.6%) who were diagnosed as having nodal micrometastasis.TNM staging for these patients was up-regulated from stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ to stages Ⅲ.Relapse disease was found in 9(28.1%)patients,7 of whom had lymph node micrometastasis and 2 without nodal micrometsatasis.Comparison of relapse rate between patients with and without nodal micrometastasis showed significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion Early tumor relapse after radical surgery in the patients with pN_(0) colorectal cancer might be correlated with nodal micrometastasis.


AbstractThe structural parameters ensuring high strength and low electrical resistance have been analyzed in Cu–Cr alloys exposed to severe plastic deformation (SPD) and aging. Specific resistance and strength characteristics have been modeled for a Cu–0.5 wt % Cr alloy with a nanostructure state caused by SPD. A comparison of modeling data with experimental values reveals the validity of the approach chosen for describing the above states. The formation of nanostructure states with high strength and low electrical resistance is shown to be due to simultaneous effects depending on the treatment conditions of materials.


This is a critical analysis of the proposals for estimating poverty and of the policies for struggling against it presented by organisms such as the World Bank (wb) and the Economic Commission for Latin America (cepal), which sometimes contrast with the criteria of unpds (United Nations Development Program) Regional Proyect for Overcoming Poverty. The article first classifies the different ways these organisms measure poverty, which result in quite dissimilar data of its ocurrence in Latin America, and then, regarding the policies for struggling against this situation, defines their sense and context for each organism (the neoliberal model for wb, an "integrated approach" for cepal, and "development without poverty" for unpd). The author then refers to how the three organisms explain the existence and sharpening of poverty, and later details the goals and elements of their strategies (sustainable reduction for wb; equal environmentally sustainable and democratic growth for cepal; and greater life quality and quantity for the members of society, for unpd). The work ends with a comparative and critical balance of the basic traits, particularly the proposals of wb and cepal, showing both their differences and common points.


Forest ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems on earth. It will bring material impact to environment and human health when it is contaminated by organic compound or inorganic compound. In all of inorganic compound, the heavy metals are always attended in ecology and environment scienc e due to their characteristics in this paper.The authors summarized the research evolutions of heavy metals pollution in forest ecosystem from its transforming rules, environment capacity, modalities, affected factors, the effect of bioreme diation on heavy metals pollution area and the ecological benefit of forest on f ixing heavy metals. Soil erosion and eluviation are main migration ways to heavy metals.Forest soil has some characteristics such as preferential flow, preferen tial breakthrough, preferential migration, preferential lateral infiltration non -symmetric tailing breakthrough curve,so the solutes can penetrate soil instant aneous. Heavy metals have several forms in the system and the impact factors are soil temperature, pH, Eh, humic substances, mineral, climate, water cycle, bein gs and so on. Bioremediation is unique friendly way in refine. The author also p ut forward suggestions for the research in the future.


Abstract Classical biological control is a practice to control alien invasive weeds, but many introduced biological control agents exhibit only a weak negative impact on their targets. One reason is that prerelease impact studies in the natural environment are often difficult to carry out. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier and Levier (Apiaceae), which is native to the Caucasus, is a perennial noxious weed introduced into Europe and North America. We examined the impact and host size preference of different endophagous insect guilds in the weed's native range. Instead of the commonly used insect exclosure approach, we estimated plant vigor before and after herbivore attack under natural conditions. Endophagous herbivores were dominated by the weevil species Lixus iridis Olivier, Nastus fausti Reitter, and Otiorhynchus tatarchani Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the fly Melanagromyza heracleana Zlobin (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and an unidentified root-boring agromyzid fly species. Most observed insect species exhibited a strong preference for either big or small plants, but none of them caused serious damage within the study period. Occurrence of root-feeding weevils was associated with weak plants, but because of their long larval development, it was not possible to assign this relationship clearly to either feeding damage or host size preference. A comparison with other studies indicated that mature H. mantegazzianum plants are quite tolerant to herbivory. Insects belonging to the feeding guilds studied here will probably not guarantee successful biological control. Further research should focus on earlier stages in the weed's life cycle.


GeneSifter Software is a robust on-line program for analyzing and profiling gene chip data. It equipped with 4 upload tools for formatted text files. There are two options available for data analysis (Pairwise or Projects) found in the Control Panel. After setting a few parameters regarding filtering quality, expression thresholds and statistical tests, and so fourth, the data analysis is ready to go. As soon as the analysis is done, it returns a list of differentially expressed genes, as well as the related gene ontology and KEGG pathway reports. GeneSifter's featured One-Click Gene SummaryTM links any given gene to 11 latest databases.


An avalanche breakdown mechanism in GaAs/AlAs type-I superlattices is demonstrated. This mechanism shows its power at a bias voltage where both of the following two conditions are met. One is electron transfer from the Γ ground state to the X ground state (Γ1-X1), and the other is the escape of electrons from the X1 state to the second Γ state (X1-Γ2). Under both conditions, because the AlAs barriers become transparent for electron transport due to the Γ1-X1-Γ2 path, the drift speed (i.e., the acceleration of electrons) grows, and then the superlattice shows the phenomenon of avalanche breakdown. From our experimental results for various GaAs/AlAs superlattices, it is thought that such avalanche breakdown frequently occurs when type-I GaAs/AlAs superlattices have thick barrier widths.


This paper proposes a secure True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on sensors (CMOS image, sound and temperature). Arduino Uno Microcontroller is used to extract dark noise from CMOS image sensor and environmental noise is extracted by sound and temperature sensors. Methods used in the proposed design are Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS) and linear congruence equation to process the data collected by microcontroller from sensors and generates a highly secure TRNG using proposed algorithm. There are few advantages of TRNG over PRNG is that, unpredictability of the random numbers generated through TRNG is higher as compared to PRNG and its implementation is quite simple. Random numbers generated through TRNG can be used as highly secure cryptographic key generation for the data security in IoT devices during transmission and reception. NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite validates the randomness of the generated random numbers.


We present an analysis of the period–V-amplitude plane for RR0 Lyrae stars (fundamental mode pulsators) with "normal" light curves in the bulge using the MACHO bulge fields. Although bulge globular clusters (GCs) have RR Lyraes that divide into two reasonable distinct groups according to the average period of the RR0 Lyraes, there is no evidence of a gap between Oosterhoff I (OoI) and II (OoII) stars in the bulge field star sample. The majority of the bulge RR0 Lyrae field star population have a difference in period compared to the OoI cluster M3 (Δlog P) that is shifted by about 0.02 days with regard to the Milky Way OoI population, and the sample includes stars with Δlog P > 0.06 days, a characteristic hardly seen in Milky Way GCs. The metal-rich RR0 Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge sample have Δlog P values on the other side of the spectrum as those in the metal-rich GCs NGC 6388 and NGC 6441. We find that the V amplitude for a given period is a function of Δlog P, and not of metal abundance, similar to the result found by Clement and Shelton for RR Lyrae stars in Milky Way GCs. A comparative study of the bulge field stars with similar metallicities but different Oosterhoff types is carried out. Bulge field RR0 Lyrae variables with Δlog P values similar to OoII clusters are about 0.2 mag brighter than RR0 Lyrae variables with Δlog P similar to OoI clusters. Reliance upon a single MRR V–[Fe/H] relation may be inappropriate when considering populations with different Δlog P.


This work demonstrates large-area vertical GaN-on-GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with different p-GaN terminations fabricated by the p-GaN regrowth on planar and nonplanar n-GaN structures and studies the leakage current in these regrown p-GaN terminations. The SBDs with planar p-GaN terminations demonstrate a higher breakdown voltage than the non-terminated SBDs. In contrast, the SBDs with nonplanar regrown terminations exhibit a significantly higher leakage current, which agrees with the tunneling behavior. The microscopic current mapping and local current–voltage (I–V) spectra are acquired using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) in the nonplanar regrown junction region. The local leakage currents and conduction types are derived from the I–V characteristics of the Schottky barrier between the metalized C-AFM tip and GaN. The dominant leakage path is revealed to be the tunneling across the Schottky barrier to the regrowth sidewall assisted by high-concentration interfacial impurities, followed by current flow along the regrowth sidewall. An ∼0.7 μm-wide n-type compensation layer is found next to the non-polar regrowth sidewall, which does not directly induce a major leakage path but moves the p-GaN away from the regrowth interface, thus weakening the p-GaN depletion of the sidewall interfacial impurities as well as facilitating the formation of a crowded electric field and tunneling at the Schottky contact to the regrowth region.


Modification of proteins by enzymes such as microbial transglutaminase (TG) has recently become of great interest to food industry.TG(EC 220.127.116.11) catalyses a reactions between peptide bound glutaminyl residues and primary amines and due this reaction it can be used to improve functional properties of some food products such as dairy products, meat products and cereal products. 1 Key Words :Transglutaminase, Cross-linking, Dairy products, Meat products, Cereal products,Enzymes


The political formation in early medieval North India was characterised by subordinate rulers who were indispensable components of a monarchical state of the period. Their agency and power relations with the kingship had critical bearings on the early medieval history of Bengal under the Pālas. The epigraphical sources and the Rāmacarita of Sandhyākaranandin show diverse origins of the subordinate rulers, who got the position through their association with the Pāla kings. The royal grants issued on their application show their attempts to enhance their local control and position by negotiation with the king. The Pāla kings got the upper hand in this negotiation by countering the attempts of subordinate rulers and strengthening the local control through new measures. Their success however brought out a conjuncture at which social contradictions and tensions exploded as the Kaivarta rebellion, which resulted in their heavy dependence on subordinate rulers.


The first case of a food-poisoning caused by an ingestion of carnivorous gastropod, Japanese ivory shell (Babylonia japonica) occurred in Niigata prefecture, 1957 (1, 2) and a similar case followed in Shizuoka pre fecture, 1965 (3). Both cases occurred sporadically, although the symptoms on subjects in Shizuoka prefecture were considerably different from those in Niigata. On the other hand, Hashimoto and his co-laboratorians (4,5) isolated a toxic substance from the Japanese ivory shell collected at the district of Numazu in Shizuoka prefecture. This substance is a yellow pig ment, soluble in water, slightly in methanol and ethanol and insoluble in most fat-solvents. It is unstable to heat, especially in an alkaline medium, dialyzable through a cellophane membrane and not steam distilled. The purified toxin shows negative reaction to ninhydrin, biuret and Dragendorff's reagents. This paper described studies on pharmacological properties of the Japanese ivory shell toxin (IS-toxin). The effects of IS-toxin on tracheal respirations and blood pressures in femoral artery in cats and rabbits were measured by conventional methods. The animals were anesthetized by subcutaneous injection of 1 g/kg of urethane. When 5-10 beg/kg of IS-toxin was administered intravenously, respiration was depressed and blood pressure was lowered. These ffects lasted for a fairly long time. The lowered blood pressure induced by the toxin was not raised after administration of dimethylphenyl-piperazinium (DMPP) (50 or 100 pg/kg, i.v.) but raised significantly by norepinephrine (5pg/kg, ix.). In these data, the toxin was assumed to have a ganglion blocking action, then effect of the toxin on the cat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was studied. The cats were previously given lg/kg urethane intraperitoneally and maintained under artificial respiration throughout the experiment. Contractions of the nictitating membrane were recorded isometrically b a force-displacement transducer. The nictitating membrane was loaded by 5 g of initial tension and its contraction was induced by electrical stimulation to both pre and post-ganglionic nerves. A 0.2 ml volume of saline solution of drugs was injected into the lingual artery by using a polyethylen cannula so as to be injected into the superior cervical ganglion (6). Each drugs was tested in three cats. IS-toxin injected into either the femoral vein (2.5-5,ug/kg) or the lingual artery (0.5-2 pg/kg) decreased or abolished the contractile response of the nictitating membrane to the pre-ganglionic nerve stimulation, but it did not alter the response to the post-ganglionic nerve stimulation. Further, the toxin given intravenously in the same dose decreased or abolished a contraction i duced by dimethylphenyl-piperazinum (DMPP) (7) and by candicine (8). The vaso-pressor response to these drugs were also abolished by IS-toxin. The toxin, however, did not modify response to norepinephrine


Foreword by Dr. Carl Cooley Preface Introduction Shattered Dreams Decisions, Decisions Building a Support Network Lonely Choices Family Issues: Before, During and After the Decision Adoptive Families Finalizing an Adoption Plan Living with the Decision The Future Final Messages Appendix: Resources Index


For the longest time, it has been known that Earth is the only sustainable human-living planet across the universe. Spacecraft have not discovered the existence of life outside of our solar system. Given Mars' proximity and similarities to Earth, the possibility of life there is a subject of interest. Scientists have been striving to learn more about Mars for decades. At this time, it is physically impossible for humans to spend an extended period of time on Mars to study its habitat. This requires relying on extraterrestrial machinery to serve as our eyes. It involves giving machines the best training available so that they can learn how to navigate the terrain. These machines capture and send forth data which is processed to morph into mapping the sphere, forecasting paths, analyzing the landscape and even improving the same spacecraft's capabilities on learning more about the planet it is on.The rovers' in-situ landscape images are the main subject of this study. In this research, a novel approach has been presented for multi-label semantic segmentation of the martian terrain for navigation using variants of a transformer model - SegFormer, which has resulted in a commendable accuracy of 90.86% and mIoU of 83.55% on the AI4Mars dataset.


The Si/wide bandgap (WBG) hybrid half-bridge (HHB) coordinates the hybrid-frequency operation and power-sharing ratio between the low-frequency Si phase and the high-frequency WBG phase to offer the same WBG benefits but with a much-reduced cost, in comparison to a full WBG solution. However, no generalized methodology has been reported so far to realize the full-scale optimization of switching frequency and the power-sharing ratio between those phases. In this article, we first develop a generalized power loss model for Si/WBG HHB with total power loss as output and switching frequency and power-sharing ratio as a continuous input variable. And then develop a dynamic power-sharing ratio and switching frequency control to achieve minimum power loss over a wide load range. A 3-kW prototype of the Si/SiC HHB-based dc/dc converter is built to validate the power loss model and proposed control strategy. In comparison with several fixed parameters, the dynamic parameters obtained by the proposed power loss model achieve a 6%–18% total power loss reduction without sacrificing power quality performance.


Underactuated graspers are known for their self-adaptability. The final configuration of the grasper in which it obtains a stable grasp relies on the static equilibrium of the grasper and object. Any external or inertial force that acts on the object disturbs this static equilibrium and causes a change in the configuration of the grasper. The self-adaptability therefore reduces the robustness against external perturbations. This thesis introduces the concept design of an underactuated grasper with the ability to adjust its level of self-adaptability by changing the rotational stiffness of an internal differential mechanism. By implementing a bi-stable mechanism the grasper is able to transfer from a compliant state to a stiff state once the actuator force overcomes a threshold value. Experimental validation of the concept design shows that the lateral compliance of the grasper in the stiff state is reduced by a factor of 7 compared to the compliant state. The lateral pull-out force of the grasper in the stiff state is increased by a factor of 1.9 compared to the compliant state. As a result a grasper was designed which uses the benefits of self-adaptability to grasp an object and increases its robustness once a stable grasp is obtained without the need of an additional actuator.


Research conducted after September 11, 2001, has largely focused on documenting the widespread, profound, and often persistent impact traumatic events can have on children and adults. Although it is neither surprising nor novel to demonstrate that traumatic events can result in posttraumatic reactions, the breadth, depth, and persistence of these reactions are noteworthy. In 1 study1 involving a highly representative sample of 8000 children attending grades 4 to 12 in New York City Public Schools conducted 6 months after September 11, 2001, 1 of every 4 children (27%) met criteria for at least one of the probable psychiatric disorders assessed in the study (and also reported problems in their day-today functioning). Approximately 1 of 10 children reported symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (11%), major depressive disorder (8%), separation anxiety disorder (12%), and panic attacks (9%). Yet, two-thirds of children who reported symptoms consistent with probable PTSD and self-reported impairments in daily functioning also reported that they had not sought any mental health services. Studies using estimates by pediatric practitioners of the incidence of mental health complaints related to the events of September 11th2 and studies using parent self-reports that showed that only 27% of children with severe or very severe posttraumatic stress reactions received any counseling3 confirmed the results obtained by self-reports of children. Together, this serves as a stark reminder of the major gap between mental health need and service delivery in the aftermath of a disaster within the United States.4 The types of reactions that can be seen after a traumatic event include sadness, depression, anxiety (including separation anxiety and school avoidance), and fears; sleep problems and somatic complaints; and difficulties with concentration and academic functioning. Children may demonstrate developmental and social regression and may initiate or increase substance use and high-risk behaviors. As already noted, persistent and marked posttraumatic reactions, including PTSD, are common after a major disaster. The extent and nature of children's traumatic reactions to a disaster depend in part on the nature of the disaster; man-made, intentional events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, generally result in more difficulties with adjustment when compared with natural disasters. How individual children are personally impacted plays a key role in determining the course of their recovery from the event; personal injury or death or injury of loved ones and the perception of life threat at the time of disaster are risk factors for difficulty adjusting. If the disaster results in loss of home and belongings, separation from caregivers, or other disruption of daily routine, children are more likely to have persistent difficulties. Witnessing of the event, whether directly or indirectly such as through the media, is associated with more difficulty with adjustment. We can anticipate that images of the September 11, 2001, attacks will again appear in the media at the time of the 10th year anniversary and may cause particular distress for children who have persistent traumatic reactions and those children who no longer are having ongoing difficulties but did have significant reactions at an earlier time. Parents should be provided advice on limiting children's exposure to media (e.g., television, internet, social media, radio, and print media) after a disaster or at times of the anniversary when reexposure is likely to occur. How children react and ultimately adjust depends in large part on their preexisting mental health and coping mechanisms; prior unresolved losses or traumatic events place them at increased risk of difficulty coping with the current event. Parents who are having difficulty coping themselves generally have children who are experiencing difficulty as well; support provided by families and communities can, in turn, mitigate the impact.5 While the traumatic impact of a disaster is well documented and generally appreciated by professionals and the lay public, 1 issue that has received relatively little attention in both the research literature and in clinical services delivered after the events of September 11th relates to the impact on children of the death of a family member or friend. Outside the context of a disaster, it is Brief video clips of interviews of children and parents that were conducted by the author and sponsored by the New York Life Foundation can be viewed at www.jdbp.org.


This study explored the validity of growth on two computer adaptive tests, Star Reading and Star Math, in explaining performance on an end-of-year achievement test for a sample of students in Grades 3 through 6. Results from quantile regression analyses indicate that growth on Star Reading explained a statistically significant amount of variance in performance on end-of-year tests after controlling for baseline performance in all grades. In Grades 3 through 5, the relationship between growth on Star Reading and the end-of-year test was stronger among students who scored higher on the end-of-year test. In math, Star Math explained a statistically significant amount of variance in end-of-year scores after statistically controlling for baseline performance in all grades. The strength of the relationship did not differ among students who scored lower or higher on the end-of-year test across grades.


How do we know when entrepreneurship has occurred in policy arenas when ready proxies commonly used in market-entrepreneurship research (e.g., patent density or number of start-ups) are not available? We propose using counterfactuals and punctuated equilibrium theory to find evidence of entrepreneurship in non-market contexts. Premised on the "causal functionality" of entrepreneurship posited by classical entrepreneurship theorists, we argue that (1) entrepreneurial opportunities exist in periods of instability in non-market contexts and (2) successful entrepreneurship has a stabilizing effect in non-market contexts.


Summary Nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne are widespread and their host range is very broad. Detection and differentiation of nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne need perfect knowledge of morphology and personal viewpoint is limiting factor for sucessful diagnosis. Now, molecular diagnostic methods are used which have many positives as hight sensitivity, specifity and reliability, low time consumption and usefulness for most of biological laboratories. The aim of this work was to develop method for sensitive, specific and easy determination of Meloidogyne incognita. For construction of species specific primers sequence of SEQ- 1 gene area was used. This method was tested on many populations from different areas of the world. In all cases the results were clear, the system of primers generates product size 502 bp. This procedure adds to the rich spectrum of diagnostic methods of detection of plant parasitic nematodes.


Object To observe the protective effect of gypenosides (GP) on the expression of neuronal niteic oxide synthase (nNOS) and the nucleic acid of hippocampus in vascular dementia (VD) of rats. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's 4 vessel occlusion (4 VO) method was used to establish the models of VD in rats. The immunohistochemical method and acridine orange (AO) staining method were used to investigate the expression of nNOS and the DNA and RNA contents in different hippocampus subfields in VD rats. Results The number of nNOS positive neurons decreased significantly and the fluorescent intensity (reflecting DNA and RNA contents) of the DNA and RNA abated markedly in the areas of hippocampus of VD group compared with the normal control group. In the group of ig GP (200 mg/kg), the number of nNOS positive neurons increased significantly and the fluorescent intensity of the DNA and RNA enhanced markedly compared with the model group and was the same as the control group. Conclusion It is shown that the expression of nNOS could be increased significantly and the injury of nucleic acid decreased in hippocampus of VD rats by GP.


ABSTRACT Deuterated toluene solutions of di-n-octylphosphoric acid, HDOP, containing Sr+ extracted from 0.1 M LiNO3 aqueous solutions, were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The extractions were also performed in the presence of either the cis-syn-cis or the cis-anti-cis stereoisomer of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) in combination with HDOP in the toluene phase. The addition of the crown ether increased metal extraction into the organic phase over that observed with HDOP alone (synergistic extraction), The cis-syn-cis isomer was more effective than the cis-anti-cis isomer in enhancing Sr(II) extraction in the synergistic system. The SANS results confirmed that when the metal cation is extracted by HDOP present in large stoichiometric excess, the predominant species formed in the organic phase can be described as Sr(H(DOP)2)2 with 2 extra HDOP molecules solvating the complex. In the synergistic crown ether-HDOP system, the SANS data are consistent with solvent extraction data suggesting the formation of complexes containing one crown ether and two HDOP dimers. In the extraction of Sr(II) by HDOP alone, the SANS data reveal the presence of small amounts of large aggregates. Both the cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis isomers of DCH18C6 inhibit the formation of these aggregates. The cis-anti-cis isomer, however, despite its weaker complexation of strontium, is more effective in preventing aggregate formation.


By the death on 23 August 1956 of Arthur Denis Roberts, the world of bibliography has lost the author of important works which it might have been hoped he would have added to for many years to come; and The Journal of Documentation a valued contributor.


Background and Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health problem and the second deadly type of cancer worldwide with 1000 deaths per year. Poor prognosis in the early stages is one of the burdens in the treatment of GC. MicroRNAs are 18-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs which play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression. Nowadays, miRNAs are widely known as non-invasive biomarkers for various kinds of cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of circulating miR-16 and miR-26a in GC patients and investigate the potential prognostic role of these miRNAs.
Material and Methods: Initially, 20 plasma samples were obtained from pre-and post-operative GC patients, and the expression of miR-16 and -26a were compared with that of 20 healthy controls. The miRNAs expression was investigated using Real-Time quantitative PCR. The association between the expression levels of these miRNAs and clinicopathological features was also investigated in this study.
Results: MiR-16 was down-regulated in GC patients; however, miR-26a expression revealed no significant difference between patients and controls in this regard. Furthermore, the expression of two miRNAs showed no association with the grade, TNM stage, and smoking status of the patients. Eventually, decreased expression of miR-16 was not correlated with the expression level of miR-26a.
Conclusion: The downregulation of circulating miR-16 introduces this microRNA as a candidate biomarker for the non-invasive early prognosis of GC.


While in the case of zero offset data with horizontal beds, it is clear that the recorded trace is a convolution of the wavelet and reflectivity series, the situation in the case of finite offset is a bit more complex as the direction of the incident ray is not vertical, the natural direction in which the reflectivity series is measured.We examine the consequences of this hitherto neglected fact.


Based on survey 117 patients with neoplasms (cancer) of the pancreas with conducting spiral X-ray computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast-enhanced and multiphase scanning studied CT semiotics of pancreatic cancer, taking into account the size, structure, location, nature and growth of the tumor staining in the different phases of scanning.


In order to study the vibration behavior of spiral conveyor of a coal auger during the work process,a dynamic model using Euler angles to describe the vibration according to Lyapunov theory was established,and ANSYS software was used to establish parameterization finite element simulation model based on APDL language.The vibration of a certain type of spiral conveyor for coal auger were calculated and simulated using the two methods,and the first fifth-order vibration frequency and maximum amplitude equivalent contour of spiral conveyor were obtained.The results of vibration analysis by ANSYS show that transverse resonance occurred in the X and Z directions,the maximum resonance amplitude occurred in the 500 Hz and 100 Hz,longitudinal resonance occurred in the Y direction,the maximum resonance amplitude occurred in the 500 Hz,and the amplitude of X direction is the largest and amplitude of Z direction is the minimum.The stress contour shows that the stress of spiral conveyor is minimum at the bottom,and the stress at the junction of spindle and helical vane is maximum.Because of the large stress at the top of spiral conveyor,the wear and deformation is serious.The results indicate that the Lyapunov theory model is straight forward and the calculation is simple;the ANSYS model is flexibility and the results are intuitively obvious although the accuracy is dependent on the selection of element type,meshing accuracy and the methods of vibration extraction.The maximum error obtained from both methods is 9.9%,capable of reflecting the true vibration.


The Erythrina alkaloids erysodine and dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) are potent and selective competitive inhibitors of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but little is known about the molecular determinants of the sensitivity of this receptor subtype to inhibition by this class of antagonists. We addressed this issue by examining the effects of DHβE and a range of aromatic Erythrina alkaloids on [3H]cytisine binding and receptor function in conjunction with homology models of the α4β2 nAChR, mutagenesis, and functional assays. The lactone group of DHβE and a hydroxyl group at position C-16 in aromatic Erythrina alkaloids were identified as major determinants of potency, which was decreased when the conserved residue Tyr126 in loop A of the α4 subunit was substituted by alanine. Sensitivity to inhibition was also decreased by substituting the conserved aromatic residues α4Trp182 (loop B), α4Tyr230 (loop C), and β2Trp82 (loop D) and the nonconserved β2Thr84; however, only α4Trp182 was predicted to contact bound antagonist, suggesting α4Tyr230, β2Trp82, and β2Thr84 contribute allosterically to the closed state elicited by bound antagonist. In addition, homology modeling predicted strong ionic interactions between the ammonium center of the Erythrina alkaloids and β2Asp196, leading to the uncapping of loop C. Consistent with this, β2D196A abolished sensitivity to inhibition by DHβE or erysodine but not by epierythratidine, which is not predicted to form ionic bonds with β2Asp196. This residue is not conserved in subunits that comprise nAChRs with low sensitivity to inhibition by DHβE or erysodine, which highlights β2Asp196 as a major determinant of the receptor selectivity of Erythrina alkaloids.


Abstract The article discusses Stanley Cavell's interpretation of Ralph Waldo Emerson with a focus on the concepts of individuality, self-acknowledgment, and Bildung as one's education through reading, called "the education of grownups". Beginning with Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance", his critique of Descartes' cogito is examined and the Emersonian alternative vision of acquiring individual existence is reconstructed. In this depiction, a solipsistic Cartesian account of man is replaced with a vision of the grammatical self, which is at the same time social, linguistic, and, as a result, literary. Creating the self proceeds through a critical discussion with the extant tradition and, besides self-acknowledgment, aims at contributing to the founding of a particular form of life (within a nation, a community). The two goals of creating the self—the individual and the social one—constitute for Emerson the core of the Bildung construed as the forming of a particular person. In this context, the Emersonian phrase of "new yet unapproachable America" is placed against the educational background, in which neither the individual self nor the communal we are ever completely grasped. The distinctive feature of such Bildung is that it is not confined to the process of one's growing up, but extends to the life of adults and, as a result, finds its realisation within "the education of grownups". Accordingly, the process of education assumes that one individual needs another as a teacher—who paradigmatically speaks to her via a literary text—to constantly be open to some unknown, possible direction of her development. For Cavell, mutual education, i.e. one's being a teacher or/and a learner, is a precondition of democratic society.


Data visualizations are powerful tools for communicating quantitative information. While prior work has focused on how experts design informative graphs, little is known about the in-tuitions non-experts have about what makes a graph effective for communicating a specific message. In the current study, we asked participants ( N =398) which of eight graphs would be most useful for answering a particular question, where all graphs were generated from the same dataset but varied in how the data were arranged. We tested the degree to which participants based their decisions on sensitivity to how easily other participants ( N =542) would be able to answer that question with that graph. Our results suggest that while people were biased towards graphs that were at least minimally informative (i.e., contained the relevant variables), their decisions did not necessarily reflect sensitivity to more graded but systematic variation in actual graph comprehensibility.


Chronic Pruritus (CP) is a highly impairing symptom, often of multifactorial origin, with a certain percentage of psychosomatic/psychiatric (PP) comorbidity. Up to now it has not been investigated in large samples of CP patients how psychiatric comorbidity may interact with symptom presentation and treatment of CP. This was the objective of our study. We analyzed data from the database of the Center for Chronic Pruritus (CCP) of the University Hospital Münster including sociodemographic and clinical data, interdisciplinary consultation results, International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI) classification, pruritus intensity, Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI; only for patients with IFSI groups I and III), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


ImageCLEF photo task of this year is a little different from those of previous years. The caption field in image annotations and the narrative field in the text queries are removed, and the visual queries (example images) are also removed from the image collection too. In the new definition, the information that can be employed for queries and images is less than before, so that it becomes harder to match query words and annotations directly. To deal with this issue, we explore the web to expand queries and documents. Many images and text information can be found in the web, but we should face the noise embedded. The experiment shows the query expansion improves performance about 16.11%. The document expansion brings too much noise and the performance decrease 28.24% after expansion. The media mapping method that we proposed in previous years is used for query expansion too. The results of formal runs show this method is still very useful in the new task definitions. ACM


The present invention relates to 2-substituted - imidazo (4,5-C) pyridines, their preparation, containing the 2-substituted - imidazo (4,5-C) a pharmaceutical composition of the pyridines and 2- substituted - imidazo (4,5-C) pyridine change host animal, including the application of balance between humans, bone formation and resorption.


Interest in renewable energies has increased as an alternative to traditional energies, which are disappearing, as well as being non-polluting to the environment, which makes them extremely important for sustainable development. Through this paper, we present the legal system of renewable energies in Algeria, by addressing the concept and the most important national programs for renewable energies in the light of the legal texts governing them in Algeria.


Although the benefits from using information and communication technology (ICT) in construction processes is well known, construction companies are still slow in its adoption. One explanation of this trend in slow innovation adoption may be lack of innovation diffusion experience by senior managers who decide whether to be early or late ICT adopters. There is no easy answer to the question why this may be the case. Early adopters have to accept high risks due to uncertainties associated with adopting innovation whereas late adopters may lose any competitive advantage benefits through falling behind with offering novel services. Further, few practical case studies have been published on strategic ICT adoption by construction organisations. This paper aims to increase the understanding of the nature of early and late adopters of ICT and identify risks that may occur. Data from three case studies of large construction contractors' adoption of ICT indicates that construction contractors should be aware of early adoption of ICT risks, particularly if it requires commitment from external project participants. The paper also exposes issues that organisations should consider when adopting strategic ICT.


Background: We analyzed antibody response patterns according to level of disease severity in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. Methods: We analyzed 611 serum specimens from 231 patients with COVID-19 (mild, 170; severe, 31; critical, 30). IgM and IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid protein (N) and spike 1 protein (S1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Findings: The peaks of fitting curves for the OD values of IgM and IgG antibodies against N appeared simultaneously, while those against S1 were delayed compared with N. The OD values of IgM against N and IgG against both N and S1 were significantly higher in the severe and critical cases than in the mild cases at 11 days after symptom onset. The seroconversion rates of IgG were higher than those of IgM against both N and S1 during the clinical course based on the optimal cut-off values defined in this study. The seroconversion rates of IgG and IgM against N and S1 were higher in the severe and critical cases than in the mild cases. Conclusion: Our findings show that a stronger antibody response occurred in COVID-19 patients with greater disease severity and there were low seroconversion rates of antibodies against N and S1 in the mild cases. The antibody response patterns in our population suggest a second infection pattern, leading us to hypothesize that cross-reactivity occurs between SARS-CoV-2 and past infection with other human coronaviruses.


A carbon film was deposited by mass‐separated negative‐carbon‐ion‐beam deposition in the energy range of 25–1000 eV. The carbon film deposited by a C− ion beam was optically transparent (the maximum optical gap was 0.96 eV) and served as an electrical insulator (the maximum electrical resistivity was 1.5×108 Ω cm). The film property strongly depended on the ion‐beam energy for deposition and, the film obtained at the deposition energy of 115–215 eV was the most transparent and the best insulator. Its atomic density was also the highest and was almost the same as that of diamond. The carbon film deposited at room temperature was amorphous and showed no IR absorption. On the other hand, the film deposited at a substrate temperature of 800 °C showed graphitelike rings in reflection high‐energy electron‐diffraction patterns and an IR absorption such as graphite. Its electrical resistivity was much lower. The property of the film deposited by a C−2 ion beam was more strongly dependent on the ion‐beam energy th...


Traffic congestion caused by traffic volume close to road capacity, where the service level can be seen from the degree of saturation, ie DS = V / C. Ideally the value of V / C ≤ 0.75. From visual observations the author, in Palu has frequent traffic congestion especially at peak hours on a particular road segment. One reason is the high vehicle growth is not matched by growth in road infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the street between two signalized intersections in the city of Palu to determine the causes and find solutions solving traffic congestion. The survey will be conducted to obtain primary data and secondary data analysis required in the performance of such road traffic data, data geometric road side barriers, interviews with passengers and motorists. The study was conducted for 4 days at 06:00 to 22:00 with the assumption that the traffic data coverage is 93%. This paper recommends a treatment that is optimized bersinyal roads by managing the intersections along the road segment between intersections with traffic cut off by installing a signal light and each intersection there is an alternative to motorists to avoid congestion, after allowing back off to prevent the flow of traffic queues length.


Phytoliths and animal remains deriving from the Chalcolithic site of Răucești (Neamț County, Romania) are used for obtaining a set of data regarding the palaeoenvironment and the resources of subsistence that were available for the Cucutenian community from this settlement. The information obtained in this study is very important considering the precarious preservation state of the archaeological site that has been destroyed in a systematic manner due to agrarian works. Phytolith analysis discloses the dominance of spontaneous grasses, but the results also highlight the presence of grains inside the site. Thus, an open environment is delineated around the settlement, an image that is also testified by the archaezoological data. The analysis of animal remains brings in new clues regarding the palaeoeconomy of the settlement: animal husbandry and hunting were practiced by the Cucutenian community of Răucești.


The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 requires states to establish accountability systems that are both valid and reliable. If one follows the language of the law literally, there is no design that will meet both requirements. If one interprets the law more flexibly, it is possible to create such a design. States will need to approach the problem carefully if they are going to appropriately balance the various probabilities of making incorrect decisions about schools.


As an extension of the shortwave phase of the third Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (ICRCCM III) by Barker et al. [1], this study establishes longwave benchmarks for the same inhomogeneous cloud fields used by that intercomparison and examines the performance of three approximate, one‐dimensional (1D) radiation methods. The benchmarks are calculated using a correlated‐k three‐dimensional Monte Carlo (3DMC) algorithm that is validated against line‐by‐line calculations for simple atmospheres. The approximate methods include an independent pixel approximation (IPA) and two cloud‐overlap schemes: maximum/random (MRO) and random (RO). With respect to the 3DMC benchmarks, the IPA consistently outperforms the MRO and RO since it preserves the horizontal inhomogeneity of the cloud field, whereas the two cloud‐overlap techniques assume plane‐parallel homogeneous atmospheres. The results from the open cellular convection case are presented here. This case has a horizontal domain of (50 km)2 wit...


Here we present two ways of preparing lateral (in plane) silicon nanowires with the help of gold nanoislands catalysed plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The role of the applied potential and eventual consecutive hydrogen plasma treatment is tested together with the thickness of the thin Au layer used for self-organised preparation of Au nanoislands.


THE SERIES OF articles on genetics and hematology that began in the last issue of Seminars continues in this issue with articles about advances in three areas of hematology. The disorders of hemoglobin structure and synthesis taken as a group constitute, on a worldwide basis, the most common lethal genetic disease. The molecular basis of thalassemia is recognized, investigated and discussed among hematologists from Thailand as well as Italy and Greece. Dr Haig Kazazian, a pioneer and hunter in the jungle of the β globin gene cluster, reviews (and clarifies) the molecular genetics of the β thalassemias


The generation of reduced order models describing the input-output behavior of linear quasi-stationary electromagnetic field problems is of particular interest in numerous applications, for example, in the field of wireless power transfer. Especially when rigorous optimization strategies shall be applied which require a large number of function calls. This contribution demonstrates the construction of a differential-algebraic equation system to describe a given single-input single-output behavior of a two and three dimensional eddy current model which is essential for a broad range of model order reduction techniques. The description of the problem in terms of a differential-algebraic equation system furthermore allows an ease coupling of electric circuits.