Cities and technology, a line of inquiry dating back to the seminal works of Lewis Mumford, appears to have lost some of its vigor. Of course,Mumford did not invent the topic; as the bibliographies of his books demonstrate, the connection between technology and the urban phenomenon intrigued philosophers, engineers, and statesmen in ancient times and provoked Marx and Weber, Georg Simmel and Robert Park. How resources are organized to support cities, and how systems are built and maintained on their behalf—these are deeply political issues, with implications for social structures, centralization, public procurement markets, and territorial control. But of late, much of the impetus to dig deeper into this topic has reflected specialization within the field of the history of technology, with considerable loss to the synthesizing, generalizing mode of thought so often necessary to carry the field forward. Hence the welcome arrival of Urban Machinery: Inside Modern European Cities (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008, pp. viii+351, $47). This collection of essays edited by Mikael Hård and Thomas J. Misa covers essentially the last 150 years, when the impact of technology on cities has been manifest most conspicuously in the form of networked utilities and of districts or even whole cities primarily given over to heavy manufacturing or to research. The spatial scope is heavily concentrated on northwest and central Europe; the British Isles and Mediterranean Europe appear as references, not as primary subjects. Airports, canals and ports, and railroads, which connected and served cities but had a major impact on regional and rural landscapes, do not figure in this book either. The usual caveats about collective works apply.


Objective: This study was initiated in order to describe and evaluate the effects of a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) routine of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on treatment strategies and drug costs in depressed elderly patients.


: Podcasting, being a new form of audio distribution offering the possibility to be loaded on personal mobile devices from teachers', student', university's websites and blogs, is discussed as an activity with potential in learning and teaching. The existing and potential varieties of podcasts represent sources for learning, converging, socializing. In this paper, podcasting is supported as an innovative approach to stimulate university students' reflection, specifically on epistemic questions and concepts. Both theoretical and practical background information is provided to clarify the rationale of using this method in higher education.


In the 1980s,people view translation works from a cross-cultural perspective,which provided a scientific interpretation to recognize the phenomenon of unfaithfulness.With the Chinese version of Turbulence written by Jian Pingwa and the Englisn version translated by the American scholar Goldblatt as the study case,This article compares the two versions and analyses some of the examples of the misreading and mistranslation phenomenon in the work and discusses the causes of cultural misreading examples.The conclusion is that,in order to exchange the culture more effectively,the translators should avoid cultural misreading of negative influences in literary translation practice.


Constitutional arrangements can be said to have a structural logic in the sense that, among other things, they reflect a pattern of assumptions about the nature of government and a polity's particular brand of constitutionalism. It is the argument of this article that there is a basic inconsistency in the constitutional design of parliamentary federations and particularly those which have incorporated British parliamentary traditions. This is illustrated by an analysis of the constitutional evolution of Australia and Canada. Both systems have responded to changing popular expectations of the scope and function of government not by gradual evolution within a consistent constitutional tradition, but by major alteration to the mode of constitutionalism as first one and then another element of the rival institutional logics becomes dominant. The tension between these competing elements is used to chart the interaction between federalism, parliamentary institutions and notions of limited government.


Objective To investigate the nursing intervention to hypothermia and the complications of one on the patient in laparoscopic surgery.Methods 200 patients were randomly divided into control group(n=100) and intervention group(n=100) in gynecological laparoscopy.The control group were entered the liquid with the normal temperature,and washed with saline at room temperature and warm blanket without heating;intervention group patients were entered the liquid with the heated liquid 37℃ and washed with saline at 37℃,useing of intraoperative temperature insulation blanket and the machine kept at 28°~30℃.nasopharyngeal temperature,blood pressure,heart rate were monitored when patients entered the operating room,surgical 1h,1h after surgery.Results The incidence of hypothermia and complications in control group were significantly higher than the intervention group(P0.05).Conclusion Care and intervention can effectively prevent hypothermia and complications in laparoscopic patients and improve surgical safety.


1Assistant Field Officer (Vety. & M.P.) The Bhagirathi Co-Operative Milk Producers Union Ltd, P.O. Berhampore, Dist. Murshidabad. Pin. 742101, West Bangal, India. 2 Veterinary Officer, Additional Block Animal Health Centre, Bhagirathpur, Domkal, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. 3 Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, India. * Corresponding author Ninety percent or more of lameness in dairy cattle involves the foot. Mostly involves rear part of feet, particularly the lateral claw. Tyagi and Singh (2002) reported this pattern of lameness is responsible for nutritional, feeding and managemental errors. Horny tissues covering the hooves are not living tissue there are no nerves and they do not bleed when fractured (Warnick et al. 2001), but found cracked and / or detached as post-FMD complication. Unlike other structural biomaterials ( e.g. bone, tusk, teeth, antlers, mollusk shells etc.), horn does not have a mineralized component and is composed primarily of ∝ keratin (Fraser et al. 1986). The dry weather is thought to be one of the predisposing factors as it renders the horn of the hoof brittle. Rehydration has a significant effect on reducing the maximum bending strength and elastic modulus of the hoof. Hereditary predisposition has also been suspected as a possible cause (Baillie et al. 2000). A wall crack is defined as a fracture or loss of continuity of the hoof wall. There are two types of sand cracks: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal cracks run parallel to coronet and are usually found on the dorsal surface of the digit. The vertical wall crack, also known as thimble, affects mostly the forefeet and originates either at the coronary band or on the bearing surface extending downward or upward, respectively (Tyagi and Singh 2002).


Reports on several topics on sex and sexual dysfunction that were discussed during the 'Sex in the afternoon' session at the NZCA Biennial Conference 2008 in Hamilton, New Zealand, 12-14 September. Topics included: the 'designer vagina'; sex and the elderly; erectile dysfunction; and whether coital incontinence is female ejaculation or something else.


Selecting the optimal subset is highly beneficial to numerous developments in simulation optimization. This paper studies the problem of maximizing the probability of correctly selecting the top- $m$ designs out of $k$ designs under a computing budget constraint. We develop a new procedure which is more efficient and robust than currently existing procedures in the literature. We also provide an analysis on its asymptotic convergence rate. Based on this analysis, we show that our new procedure achieves a higher convergence rate than other procedures under certain conditions. Numerical testing supports our analytical analysis and shows that the new procedure is significantly more efficient and robust.


Both cybersecurity and data protection are a mandatory requirement to be fulfilled in the automotive domain. Due to their nature, there is a tight relation between both disciplines. But while cybersecurity can build on well-defined engineering framework with the upcoming ISO/SAE 21434, data protection engineering is not yet well-established in the automotive industry and lacks processes tailored towards the automotive domain. With this paper, we analyse real world data protection incidents to identify common misconceptions in vehicles and systems critical for data protection in modern vehicles. From this foundation, we derive a concept to define technical-organizational measure for the automotive domain following established data protection from concepts of GDPR and SDM. To enable a successful application in the automotive industry, we depict two approaches for a cybersecurity and data-protection engineering approach to benefit from the close relation between the two disciplines.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the main genotypes and the epidemic characteristics of CTX-M-like-extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) and OXA-like-spectrum beta-lactamases(Bla) of the common Gram-negative bacilli in Guangzhou. METHODS The ESBLs phenotype of 3500 clinical isolates was primarily screened and confirmed by the NCCLS phenotypic confirmatory test according to guidelines of NCCLS(2001).PCR was performed on ESBLs phenotype-positive clinical isolates using primer specific for CTX-M1,CTX-M2, CTX-M9 and OXA,respectively,and the PCR products were purified and sequenced by ABI prism 377 DNA sequencer. RESULTS The positive rates of PCR results for CTX-M1,CTX-M2,CTX-M9,OXA,and two or more of them in all the ESBLs-phenotype-positive clinical Gram-negative isolates were 9.96%(108/1084),0,35.5%(385/1085),1.6%(17/1085),and 5.9%(64/1084),respectively.The PCR products for CTX-M1 and CTX-M9 were further identified as CTX-M-3(3.23%),CTX-M-22(3.7%),CTX-M-9(4.99%),CTX-M-14(3.32%),CTX-M-17(2.21%),CTXM-18(3.69%),CTX-M-21(2.95%),CTX-M-24(4.43%),TOHO-2(1.85%),and TOHO-3(1.48%).The prevalence of CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-24 was the highest in Guangzhou.All PCR products for OXA were further identified as OXA-2/PSE-2 gene(1.38%,15/1084).Besides above 8 strains which producing an unclassified CTX-M-like gene were detected in the present study(0.74%,8/1084).Among them,42.8%(151/353) of CTX-M-producing strains were Escherichia coli,36.3%(128/353) of CTX-M-producing strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae,while 80%(12/15) of OXA-producing strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS CTX-M-like ESBLs,especially CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-24,are the prevalent genotypes of ESBLs of clinical Gram-negative bacilli in Guangzhou.But the CTX-M2-like ESBLs could not be detected in our city.Finally,one or more kinds of novel CTX-M-like ESBLs might be existed in Guangzhou.


This paper proposes an initial conceptual framework for the exploration of the affective and socially engaging attributes of kinetic architectural structures. Functional and structural optimisation and flexibility are not the only strengths of technologically enhanced kinetic architectural structures. The paper discusses methods through which this architecture can convey affect and social information like the human body. Such qualities can facilitate the visitors' familiarisation, interaction and engagement with such buildings. However, it is argued that this potential of kinetic architecture cannot be achieved through imitation of the structure and motion kinematics of the human body. Rather, the paper proposes the incorporation of paradigms from psychophysics, human-computer interaction and robotics research areas which explore the social, interactive and affective attributes of kinetic systems. It is suggested that basic minimal motion cues like sudden velocity changes as well as opaque internal system structure are some of the attributes which can facilitate social engagement and perception of affect.


Summary The relationship between two measures of intellectual competence and political ideology was estimated at two levels of political activism. Undergraduate subjects, N = 753, were classified on the basis of their position along the liberal-conservative continuum, and according to whether the subject had or had not been active in political affairs. The results indicated that no general statement concerning the intellectual competency of those possessing a particular ideology was justified. Rather, both level of activism and dimension of intellectual competence had to be taken into consideration.


The use of isolated task-based activities in the classroom can allow for greater flexibility on the part of the teacher in aligning the task-based activity to the needs of their students. As first-year students often have difficulty with real-world tasks that may require a multitude of verb tenses and situation-specific vocabulary, these task-based activities can be designed to enhance vocabulary acquisition and to complement the current language level and classroom lesson at hand, all with the aim of initiating spontaneous speech in the target language by completing the objective of the activity. At the United States Military Academy, we use one such task-based activity in our first- through third-semester Portuguese language sequence, which we rather generically call the "Proficiencies" (Proficiencias). A stand-alone task-based activity can be an effective tool in gaining foreign-language proficiency at even the lowest levels of classroom instruction by limiting the scope of the task to a more attainable level. It can also encourage incidental vocabulary acquisition, increased student engagement in the classroom, and greater student responsibility in their language-learning process. The "Proficiencies" were designed to be a set of tasks, divided into units, with the objectives of filling in vocabulary and other gaps of knowledge in the language learned in previous semesters. Each unit contains ten tasks. These tasks were varied, as the ultimate objective was to prepare students to encounter a real-life situation where various tasks may occur in one single social session (such as a conversation at a social gathering). The tasks were also limited to ten per unit, so as not to overwhelm the language-learner with too many tasks to complete before they reach the checkpoint. Finally, the tasks were chosen to reflect a myriad of uses: some can be keyed to the lesson and others can recycle previous information. The tasks do not need to be the same for every lesson, although continuity does have its advantages. This flexibility allowed us to match the tasks to particular lessons of the textbook, lessening the impression of "busy work," if we so choose. This flexibility also allowed us to vary the level of difficulty of the "tasks," to encourage weaker students to feel empowered with the completion of a task and yet still be able to challenge the stronger students. We blended implicit and explicit knowledge tasks within the "Proficiencies," which made the activity a challenge for both students and instructors, especially in terms of assessment. As the "Proficiencies" activity was also created as an intermingled process of analytical tasks (which can be completed by the student alone) as well as holistic tasks (which needed to be completed through interaction with other students), the end result was ultimately focused on explicit knowledge capable of being assessed through holistic means. Students were required to take a leadership role in the activity, by directing the tasks and approving the successful completion of the objectives. By giving the students different tasks with specific objectives, the language learners are constantly engaging with a variety of ideas, concepts, vocabulary words and thought patterns; in essence, approximating language use on a daily basis in real-life situations.


The article describes researching the level of schoolchildrens conscious mastering of spelling skills at different stages of studying Russian spelling and presents a detailed analysis of the results of experimental diagnostics carried out in the process of working out a system of orthography and punctuation corrective work at the final stage of studying Russian spelling.


Esophageal cancer is one of the most popular carcinoma in China.It has the obvious character of regional distribution.This suggest that environment does the major function in esophageal's occurrence.But in current,many study indicated that the hereditary function is assignable in esophageal's occurrence.Above all the factor of the esophageal cancer's occurrence include multiple factors and multiple genes.It is cooperated by environment and genetics.


The reef of Phragmatopoma caudata (Canalipalpata: Sabellariidae) in Barco Viejo or Desembarco Beach, Samana, Dominican Republic, was evaluated. This type of reef is composed by the remains of sediments and rocks that are progressively cemented by these sabellariid worms over time. The reef is 115 m long, 1.59 m of maximum height, and 19.58 m of maximum width, forming two shelves. The sand particles in the reef and those present in the beach had different particle size; beach particles were smaller than those present in the reef. The worm tube diameter was on average 5.5 cm long and 4 mm in wide. The worm population study suggests that there was a decrease in the population. Nineteen species of different phyla were recorded from the reef. The Margalef index was 5.04, which is above the common maximum. Shannon index value rated 0.54, which is considered extremely low. Based on these results, it may be inferred that the morphology of this reef provides the beach with sand and protects it from adverse environmental conditions. This reef is a place with high biodiversity in the area.


This study summarizes organic carbon isotope (δ13C) and total organic carbon (TOC) data from a series of tests undertaken to provide an appropriate methodology for pre‐analysis treatment of mudstones from an Upper Carboniferous sedimentary succession, in order to develop a consistent preparation procedure. The main treatments involved removing both inorganic carbonate and hydrocarbons (which might be extraneous) before δ13C and TOC analysis. The results show that decarbonating using hydrochloric acid causes significant reduction in δ13C and total carbon (TC) of the bulk material due to the removal of inorganic carbonate. These changes are most pronounced where soluble calcium carbonate (rather than Ca‐Mg‐Fe carbonate) is present. Deoiled samples show only slightly higher mean δ13C where visible bitumen was extracted from the bulk sample. Moreover, the isotopic signatures of the extracts are closely correlated to those of their respective bulk samples, suggesting that small yields of hydrocarbons were generated in situ with no isotopic fractionation. In addition, further δ13C and TC analyses were performed on samples where mixing of oil‐based drilling mud with brecciated core material had been undertaken. Brecciated mudstone material did not display distinct isotopic signals compared to the surrounding fine‐grained material. Overall we show that the most accurate assessment of bulk organic carbon isotopes and concentration in these samples can be achieved through decarbonating the material prior to measurement via the 'rinse method'. However, our results support recent findings that pre‐analysis acid treatments can cause variable and unpredictable errors in δ13C and TOC values. We believe that, despite these uncertainties, the findings presented here can be applied to paleoenvironmental studies on organic matter contained within sedimentary rocks over a range of geological ages and compositions.


Describes an algorithm for (1) quantifying the spatial gradients or edges in an image as a function of angle or orientation, (2) extracting low bandwidth features from these input and corresponding output spatial gradient images, and (3) deriving objective video quality metrics from these low bandwidth features that quantify the amount of tiling (i.e., blocking) and blurring in the output image. Examples are given for images that have been compressed by MPEG and video teleconferencing codecs.


Speech enhancement is accomplished by linear filtering noise in the typical speech enhancement. In strong noises environment,signals perform as weak signals,so it is hard to eliminate noises. Based on theory of suprathreshold aperiodic stochastic resonance in Hodgkin-Huxley model,a new self-adaptive adjusting and adding optimum noise speech enhancement method is given. The results indicate that,in strong noises environment speech signals can be enhanced,and new method has characteristics of robustness. A new idea is given to enhance the speech signals in strong noises environment.


Dietary phytochemicals have both nutritional and health benefits for farm animals. Research on the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals may aid in developing novel therapeutic agents and provide insights into the regulation of gene expression. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl) is the active ingredient in clove oil that has been studied for its immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eugenol on the expression of genes associated with the cow's innate and adaptive immune responses. Blood was collected from (n = 3) clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows from the North Carolina A&T State University Dairy Unit. One milliliter of whole blood from three cows was treated individually with 10 ng/mL of Eugenol (Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO), or maintained in PBS, incubated at 37ºC for 30 minutes. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and real-time PCR was carried out using the RT2 Profiler™ human Innate & Adaptive Immune Responses PCR Array containing 84 genes, as recommended by the manufacturer (Qiagen). The Livak method was used to calculate fold change (FC >2 considered significant). The analysis showed that 25 genes out of 84 genes were affected by treatment with eugenol. Among 25 genes, 19 were upregulated, and 2 genes were downregulated. The highest up-regulated and down-regulated genes following exposure to eugenol was IL23A and Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7), respectively. The upregulation of the IL-23A gene expression by exogenous eugenol may be important in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and warrants further studies to investigate the mechanism involved. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 is a critical regulator of type I interferon production and plays an important role in innate immune responses. The observed transcriptional expression of IL23A and IRF7 by eugenol provides an insight into immune modulation in cow blood.


diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors and care of the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors and care of the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors and care of the hyponatremia in the neurosurgical patient: diagnosis and diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors and care of the treatment options treatment options uw health brain tumor care madison, wi nursing care of the pediatric neurosurgery patient boulder neurosurgical associates justin parker primary brain tumors in adults american academy of & fellow clinical reasoning: worsening neurologic symptoms management of the neurosurgical patient brain tumors: neurosurgical treatment (including gamma knife) brain tumors in elderly neurosurgeryinfo the neurosurgical aspects of neurofibromatosis 2 brain & spine tumor center neurosurgical advances in the treatment of brain tumors a prospective emergency department-based study of pattern the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors ebook cerebral salt wasting syndrome in post-operative pediatric anesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for efns guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain hypothermia in nuerosurgical patients department of neurosurgery at the mount sinai health system treatment guide brain tumor myevelandclinic a pediatric brain tumor diagnosed in the second trimester neurosurgery training program stanford university neurologic emergencies in patients who have cancer clinical presentation, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy of diagnosis and management issues in nf 1 & nf 2 and other neurological surgery training program john p. mcgovern advances in neurology and neurosurgery symposium hyponatremia and poor cognitive outcome following pediatric neurosurgical disease table of contents neurosurgery update for primary care cmetracker craniotomy post–brain tumor resection delineation of privileges department of neurosurgery short-term neurological outcome of children after surgery commentary (merchant)—central nervous system germ cell treatment of epileptic seizures in brain tumors: a hyponatremia in the neurosurgical patient pidemiology service: neurosurgery – delray med. center, pgy 1 general cancer care annual report children's mercy kansas city uf health neurosurgery university of florida


The aim of the paper is to present nursery lexicon registered in Alexander Hojsak's dictionary of the Wysowa village Lemko dialect. Among 3000 words registered in the dictionary there are 50 lexemes marked as "nursery words". They belong to several semantic groups (names of food, body parts, animals, clothes, things, actions and physical conditions, religious sphere) and demonstrate features proved universal for baby talk in most languages. There is a correspondence between Lemko nursery words for animals and Lemko interjections for calling domestic animals which seems to be relevant for other Ukrainian dialects. Some of the Lemko nursery words show broader distribution: they are registered in other Ukrainian dialects, other Slavic and even non-Slavic languages (for example папу 'to eat'). The idea of mapping nursery words seems to be worth further study.


In this study, Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum were used as biological control agents to assess their antagonistic potential against some dermatophytic fungi (Microsporum gypseum, M. fulvum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale) which causes ring worm in human. For this purpose dual culture method was used. Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum showed highest percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) against Trichophyton interdigitale (92% & 60% respectively). Colony over growth was also observed with Trichoderma viride. The outcomes of the study indicate that Trichoderma viride was excellent antagonist to prevent the growth of dermatophytic fungi whereas T. harzianum exhibited moderate PIRG between 45-60% against Microsporum gypseum, M. fulvum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment imaging with CT was prognostic for control of the primary site in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx.


The protective features described in this paper are some of those now in use on the system of the Public Service Electric Co. which serves a population of about 2,200,000. The most interesting protective devices and schemes discussed in this paper are as follows: Aluminum cell arresters; arcing ground suppressor; faulty cable localizer; cable testing; high-potential and high-frequency testing; generator bus connection scheme; exciter connection scheme; reactors; relays; multi-recorder; insulation resistance recorder; air washers; resistance bulbs and thermo-couples; dampers on airblast transformers; coherer alarm devices; potential indicating devices.


We match the Higgs sector of the most general flavour breaking and CP violating minimal su- persymmetric standard model (MSSM) onto a generic two-Higgs-doublet model, paying special attention to the definition of tan β in the effective theory. In particular no tan β-enhanced loop corrections appear in the relation to tan β defined in the DR scheme in the MSSM. The cor- rections to the Higgs-mediated flavour-changing amplitude s which result from this matching are especially relevant for the Bd and Bs mass differencesMd,s for minimal flavour violation, where the superficially leading contribution vanishes. We g ive a symmetry argument to explain this cancellation and perform a systematic study of all Higgs-mediated effects, including Higgs loops. The corrections toMs are at most 7% for � > 0 and MA < 600 GeV if constraints from other observables are taken into account. For � < 0 they can be larger, but are always less than about 20%. Contrary to recent claims we do not find numeri cally large contributions here, nor do we find any tan β-enhanced contributions from loop corrections to the Higgs potential in B + → τ + ν or B → Xsγ. We further update supersymmetric loop corrections to the Yukawa couplings, where we include all possible CP-violating phases and correct errors in the literature. The possible presence of CP-violating phases generated by Higgs exchange diagrams is briefly discussed as well. Finally we provide improved values for the bag factors P VLL 1 , P LR 2 , and P


To control the process of coal preparation plants, an online coal analyzer system should be installed on a bypass belt. Compared to main-belt installations an improved accuracy is obtained at a bypass stream, because the material stream can be crushed down to a constant particle size distribution and shaped to a constant cross section profile. To minimize this sample preparation the material running across a bypass stream should be small, but the thin material layers need a re-design of the existing coal analyzers, which are mainly optimized for large material streams on the main-belt. Three major components comprise the system: An XRF elemental analyzer, a microwave moisture and a trace element analyzer for heavy elements. The analyzer system is designed to measure the ash content as well as the complete elemental composition of ash from Sodium to Strontium, moisture, Sulphur, calorific value and Mercury. The bypass system will incorporate a sampling system designed to automatically capture samples that will be sent to laboratories for analysis. These laboratory analyses will be used for two purposes. First for initial analyzer calibration and then to validate analyzer accuracy in the coming years.


To many economists, econometrics is a method of exploring many of the heated debates in a clinical, scientific way. However in this essay, Michael Sherlock argues that, despite the myriad rules and rigidity in the models, econometrics can be seen as a deeply flawed attempt by economists to legitimise their subject in the eyes of broader scientific disciplines. He discusses the weaknesses inherent in the field and explains how they clash with the standard ideas of what constitutes a science.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Funcheng district in Mianyang for the prevention and control of the diseases.Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of viral hepatitis epidemic in Fucheng.Results A total of 5107 cases of viral hepatitis were reported from 2005-2008,the overall morbidity was 155.88/100 000,which increased year by year.The significant differences on the morbidity of viral hepatitis in each year were observed(χ2=273.79,P0.01).Most cases(4409) were hepatitis B,accounting for 86.33%.About 100 cases occurred in each month,no seasonality was found(r=0.0615,P0.05).The youngest case was aged 7 months,the oldest was aged 86 years.The majority of the cases(3307) were young adults(15-39 year old),accounting for 64.75%.As for population distribution,farmers(1546) accounted for 30.27%.There were more male cases than female cases,the male to female ratio of the cases was 1.96:1.Conclusion The morbidity of viral hepatitis in Fucheng district decreased continuously.The vaccination of hepatitis A and B among the risk population and other comprehensive prevention and control measures are important to control the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis A and B.


Innovations in machined and three‐dimensionally (3D) printed implant technology have allowed for customized complex pelvic reconstructions. We sought to determine the survivorship of custom hemipelvis reconstruction using ilium‐only fixation at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up, their modes of failure, and the postoperative complications resulting from the procedure.


The nuisance situation, generated by Culex pipiens, is strongly felt in Tlemcen. The difficult-to-control extension of urban planning and the faulty sewage and sanitation system are generators of cottages in Culex pipiens. To define areas infested with Culex pipiens, survey methods are an indispensable tool to address certain territorial problems (Metelo et al., 2013). Thus carrying out a survey of households in three municipalities located in the wilaya of Tlemcen in Algeria (Tlemcen, Chetouane and Mansourah). The purpose of the survey was to assess the degree of nuisance caused by Culex pipiens on populations. The results of the survey conducted in the Large Tlemcen grouping helped to define the aggressiveness of Culex pipiens and thus to establish a mapping of the infested areas.


It must certainly be agreed that progressive strength training of the largest possible muscle groups is essential in reducing sarcopenia and developing everyday motor skills (1). For several years now, progressive resistance training has also been used to prevent and treat excess weight and obesity in the elderly (2– 3). As well as increasing muscle strength, moderate-intensity strength training for overweight elderly persons can also increase fat-free body mass and reduce body fat percentage. There is also an increase in resting energy expenditure for 24 to 72 hours and an increase in fatty acid oxidation for up to 24 hours. As far as their individual fitness/health allows, overweight elderly persons should choose complex strength exercises that are as intense as possible: working on several muscle groups that are involved in a single movement (e.g. twice-weekly whole-body strength training) is more effective in reducing body fat than isolated exercises of individual muscle groups.

I am pleased to hear that high-intensity progressive strength training for the elderly is also being advocated. Recognition of the protective effect of intense muscle activation is not particularly new: the Jewish doctor Moses Maimonides (1138 to 1204) wrote the following in his work Hilchot Deot more than 800 years ago: "Whenever one exercises and works but is not satisfied with what one eats and one's bowels are healthy, one will not become sick and one's strength will increase, even if one eats bad foods. Anyone who does not exercise, or holds back from relieving himself, or who has hard bowels, will have a painful life and his strength will weaken, even if he eats good foods and looks after himself medicinally".


The potential of applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra for the characterization of physical and chemical features of oil-in-aqueous oregano/rosemary extract emulsions was explored in this work. Emulsions were prepared using a batch emulsification process, with pea protein as the emulsifier. NIR spectral data were connected to the results of the analysis of physical and chemical properties of the emulsions (zeta potential, Feret droplet diameter, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant capacity) with the final aim of quantitative prediction of the physical and chemical features. For that purpose, robust non-linear multivariate analysis (Artificial Neural Network modeling) was applied. The spectra themselves were preprocessed using several approaches (raw spectra, Savitzky–Golay smoothing, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter corrections) after which the impact of NIR spectral preprocessing on the ANN model's efficiency was evaluated. The results show that NIR spectroscopy integrated with ANN computation can be employed to quantitatively predict the physical and chemical properties of oil-in-plant extract emulsions (R2 > 0.9).


The functions and resources of wetland in eastern forest region of Daxing'anling mountains were described. According to the current situation of protection and exploitation of wetland resources, main existing problems of wetland protection and management were identified. Recommendations were made for wetland protection and development, in order to further maintaining the ecological balance of the wetland, and promoting protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources.


We report the use metal organic frameworks for the selective inclusion of nucleic acids with different size, shape and capability of conformational transition. Three MOFs, Co-IRMOF-74-II, -III, and -IV, composed of Co2+ and organic linkers (linker-II, -III and -IV), respectively, were used for nucleic acid inclusion into their pores from solution, which is a spontaneous process from disordered free state to restricted ordered state. The pores of these MOFs were precisely controlled to provide selectivity between different structural nucleic acids. These MOFs preferentially adsorb flexible single strand nucleic acids due to spatial size matching selection and preferentially adsorb unstable rigid structural nucleic acids with larger cross-section size owing to conformations changes. In addition, the transcribed RNA enters the MOF pores in a directional manner, giving priority to the 3' end entering the MOF pores. Furthermore, under complicated mixtures of various structures, flexible single strand nucleic acids and unstable rigid structure nucleic acids were selectively adsorbed, leaving stable secondary structure nucleic acids in the solution, which can be collected to characterize the structure. It indicates that MOF materials has a great potential for application in the field of enrichment and determine all type of structural nucleic acids, especially in the field of monitoring all structural RNA due to the dynamic change of RNA conformations.


Corresponding Author: Hassan Mohabatkar Departament of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Phone: +98-313 7934327 E-mail: email@example.com Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic human hepatitis infections. Due to the high genetic diversity and high rates of mutations in the genetic material, so far there has been no approved vaccine against HCV. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to determine conserved Band T-cell epitopes of E1 and E2 proteins from HCV and to construction a chimeric peptide as a novel epitope-based vaccine for cross-protection against the virus. To this end, one Band one T-cell epitope from both E1 and E2 which were predicted by EPMLR and Propred-1 server and had the highest score and antigenicity in VaxiJen 2.0 and PAP servers were selected for the construction of chimeric protein as a multi-epitope vaccine. Results: The results of this study showed that the chimeric peptide had a high antigenicity score and stability. Results also showed that most epitopes of E1 were located in two spectra consist of 45-65, 88-107 and 148-182 while the results of Bcell epitopes of E2 showed that this protein had fewer epitopes than E1. The epitopes predicted for E2 were located in (12-24 and 35-54) spectra. Conclusion: In conclusion, epitope-based vaccine which was designed by immunoinformatics methods could be considered as a novel and effective vaccine for cross-protection against HCV infection.


The ground beetle taxon Kashmirobroscus gen. nov. and two species Kashmirobroscus mirabilis sp. nov. and Kashmirobroscus ortrudae sp. nov. are described from the Northwest Himalaya of Pakistan. Diagnostic characters of both new species are figured and their distributional areas are mapped. Several features of the new genus are discussed to work out its systematic position within Broscini. As a result, Kashmirobroscus is proposed as a sister taxon of the East Asian genus Eobroscus Kryzhanovskij, 1951, of the subtribe Broscina. In addition, new data relating to systematics and distribution of all the known species of the genus Eobroscus are provided. The taxon Orobroscus Morita, 1990 is proposed as a junior synonym of Eobroscus Kryzhanovskij, 1951, and Eobroscus uenoi Morita, 1995 is proposed as a junior synonym of Eobroscus bhutanensis Morvan, 1982, a macropterous species with a wide distribution in the eastern parts of High Asia. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1775013D-FE87-41CA-87AF-D730E809331B


Aim: Missed canals are one of the imperative reasons for failure of endodontic treatment of molars. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular molars (1st and 2nd) in the population of Greater Noida and also to find relationship of intracanal distance between mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals with the presence or absence of MMC. Materials and Methods: Previous cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of mandibular molars from patients were included. The following data were collected: Identification of MMC, the distance between MB and ML orifices, whether MMC was more prevalent in mandibular 1st or 2nd molar, whether MMC was prevalent in mandibular molars of right or left side. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test and independent Student's t-test. Results: The overall prevalence of MMC was 21.8% (P < 0.05). MMC was more prevalent in mandibular first molar (29.7%) than mandibular second molar (16%) and overall prevalence of MMC was higher on the left side (24.3%) than on the right side (18.8%). The mean distance between MB and ML orifices was 2.9 mm and 3.4 mm with and without MMC respectively, (P < 0.05), i.e., the MB-ML intraorifice distance was inversely related with the presence of MMC. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the possible association between predictor (independent variable) the MB-ML orifice distance and the occurrence of the outcome variable, which was the presence of an MM canal. Conclusion: MMC is a common finding in the population of Greater Noida. Along with the use of CBCT, careful exploration of the pulpal floor between canal orifices is crucial to prevent missing the MMC.


To solve effectively the evaluation issues of target detection caused by the difference of detection requirements,detection objects and detection environment,a step-by-step evaluation method for UWB SAR target detection algorithms was proposed,and the different evaluation indexes were given in terms of each step of the algorithms.The evaluation method can provide the accurate and reliable information for the evaluator to make a decision.


The criteria, which establish guidelines for the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of the containers, replace ARH-2239. They do not apply to 55-gal steel drums or to coated plywood containers. (DLC)


The theoretical basis of knowledge of"six steps,three sections and two branches"teaching model is classification theory of broad knowledge of information processing psychology.Its learning theory contains theories of the learning process and conditions of different types of knowledge.Therefore this model can guide instructional design of both declarative knowledge and the transformation from declarative knowledge to intellectual skills and cognitive strategies.Although its putting forward was influenced by Gagne's nine events of instruction,it surpasses the nine events of instruction.20years' teaching practice shows that the model is easy to learn and easy to use.This model can effectively deal with the complex relationship between knowledge and ability in classroom teaching.Thus the promotion of this teaching model has its practical significance.


Prologue: Sooner or Later, We are All Patients - Timothy Harrington and Eric Newman Section I: Caring for Chronic Diseases - How we got into this mess, and why we need to get out of it Introduction. Timothy Harrington Chapter 1. Why Chronic Diseases? - Timothy Harrington Chapter 2. How Has the U.S. Health System Evolved? - Timothy Harrington Chapter 3. Why has the U. S. Health System Become What It Is? - Timothy Harrington Chapter 4: Making Chronic Disease Care Great - Timothy Harrington Section II: How to Effect Change in Health Care - If It Doesn't Fit, Use a Larger Hammer Introduction. Eric Newman Chapter 5. Building Systems of Care - Eric Newman Chapter 6. Problem Solving - Eric Newman Chapter 7. Testing and Implementing Solutions - Eric Newman Section III: Managing Chronic Disease - You Can't Do things Differently Until You See Things Differently Introduction. Eric Newman Chapter 8. Managing Complex Processes - Timothy Harrington Chapter 9. Managing Medical Information: Tools, Rules, and What's Cool - Eric Newman Chapter 10. Measuring Processes and Outcomes of Care - Timothy Harrington Chapter 11. Teaming: Everyone has a Role to Play - Eric Newman Chapter 12. How Providers Should Be Paid - Eric Newman Section IV. Success Stories Told by Champions - Boldly Going Where Few Have Gone Before Introduction. Timothy Harrington Chapter 13. Diabetes: Everyone's Number One Priority - Richard Beaser, Kenneth Snow, Jo-Anne Rizzotto, Julie Brown, and Martin AbrahamsonChapter 14. Osteoporosis: Breaking Bones is Not Inevitable - Richard Dell Chapter 15. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnose Early and Treat to Target - John Cush Chapter 16. Heart Failure: Reducing Readmissions - Kathi Farrell and Kathleen Sullivan Chapter 17. Chronic Kidney Disease: Changing the Mean by Changing the Mien - Jerry Yee, Mark Faber, and Sandeep SomanChapter 18. Asthma: Identifying and Treating High-Risk Patients - Michael Foggs Chapter 19. Cardiovascular Disease: Reducing Risk Factors - Richard Lueker and Beth McCormick Chapter 20. Obesity: The Elephant in the Room - Karen Cooper, Philip Schauer, Stacy Brethauer, and Sangeeta KashyapChapter 21. Palliative Care & Hospice: Advancing the Science of Comfort, Affirming the Art of Caring - Martha Twaddle Section V. Controversies in Redesigning Chronic Disease Care Introduction. Timothy Harrington Chapter 22. Myths and Miscreants - Eric Newman Chapter 23. Improving Care versus Transforming Care - Eric Newman Chapter 24. Translational Research or Industrial Process Improvement: A False Choice - Timothy Harrington Chapter 25. The Patient Centered Medical Home or System-based Care: Another False Choice - Timothy Harrington Chapter 26.Preparing Physicians with Optimal Processes and Process Improvement Skills - Timothy Harrington Epilogue: Join with Us - Eric Newman and Timothy Harrington


With the 1988 Matignon Agreements, the polemical question of self-determination for New Caledonia was put off for 10 years, at which time, in 1998, the Noumea Accord set out arrangements for the next 15–20 years. A regime based on "shared sovereignty" was put in place, creating a type of federation between France and New Caledonia, with New Caledonia eventually to have its own form of citizenship and legislative power. The more than four years since the Noumea signing allow for analysis of the principles and functioning of the institutions that underpin the accord.


Sensor intercalibration has been widely performed over low-latitude deserts and circumpolar regions where surface conditions are generally well characterized. This letter proposes a new method for intercalibrating visible bands of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) over homogenous land surfaces that differ in brightness, in order to improve calibration results. The method is based on the extended simultaneous nadir overpass events. Initially, the spectral band adjustment factors are calculated using surface reflectances in the MODIS 552 and 645-nm bands. Sensor differences related to atmospheric effects are corrected using MODIS atmospheric parameters and MODIS/AVHRR sun-target-sensor geometries. In view of excellent MODIS calibration accuracy, the residual MODIS–AVHRR difference may result from AVHRR calibration bias. A preliminary validation study over radiometric sites shows <1.0% uncertainty for the high-gain calibration and <2.0% uncertainty for the low-gain calibration. The proposed method allows sensor intercalibration over varying land surfaces, and contributes to a collection of sensor calibration and intercalibration results of AVHRR sensors.


This paper summarizes methods of research on flow shop sequencing problem, constructs an intelligent optimization system with genetic algorithm for flow shop scheduling problem, and deals with structure and work mechanism of this system.


Measuring piston crown temperature and pressure during engine development cycle is paramount. This paper presents a new development in short distance telemetry system which includes an on board power generation device. A mechatronic data acquisition system is developed whereby signal conditioning is performed by a module inside the piston and the signal passed to a Bluetooth transmitter module for wireless telemetry to a Bluetooth receiver located in very close proximity, connected to an external host PC. The Data Acquisition Bluetooth module integrates a microcontroller that reads the conditioned sensor signal and performs any other required functionality. The microcontroller firmware includes a server that collates the data and transmits them via Bluetooth to the host PC to display via a client interface. An independent power supply consisting of a rotor incorporating NdFeB magnets and a wire wound stator. As the crankshaft rotates the rotor induces an AC voltage into the stator. A rectifying circuit converts the AC voltage into a regulated DC output voltage that drives the signal conditioning and embedded Bluetooth circuits.


Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of praseodymium with peri-dihydroxynaphthendenone in aqueous ethanol is presented. The over all reaction proved to be second order, first order with respect to either praseodymium or perl-dihydroxynaphthendenone. The mechanism of the reaction is explained as stepwise, and the various thermodynamic parameters of the reaction are measured. Infrared studies were also made to explain the nature of the bonds formed in the chelate. Many reagent have been proposed for identification and determination of lanthanides [1]. Recently peri-dihydroxynaphthendenone has been suggested as a multipurpose reagent for lanthanides. The reagent proved to be valuable for gravimetric potentiometric and photometric determination [2] of light lanthanides at level as low as 0.1 fig/ml. The present investigation however was undertaken to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of lanthanides with peri-dihydroxynaphthendenone. We select and investigate the reaction of praseodymium as representative member of the lanthanide group. Results and Discussion O r d e r of r e a c t i o n The stoicheometry of the reaction between the praseodymium and peri-dihydroxynaphthendenone at pH = 2 ... 7 was determined by continuous variation and molar ratio methods [3-5] (see Figs. 1, 2), a reaction in the ratio of 1 : 2 (metal: reagent). The kinetic of the reaction was next determined by using different initial concentrations of both reactants at 7°C. The relation between log initial rate [6, 7] and log initial concentration of both praseodymium and peri-dihydroxynaphthendenone in Table 1 is depicted in Fig. 3. The slopes of both lines are equal to (1.10, 1.18), respectively. These indicate that the reaction is first order with respect to each component and the over all reaction proceeds via a second order. Also the results obtained in kinetic measurements satisfied the second order equation [6, 8], Introduction


Early outcomes from studies evaluating accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) as an alternative adjuvant treatment after breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer have been promising. The method with the longest-standing history and supporting outcome data for APBI is multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. The advent of a single-channel intracavitary device, Mammosite balloon, has allowed a more simple and reproducible approach and in turn has led to an increased number of patients treated with APBI. More recently, several investigators have explored emulating the brachytherapy methods with a noninvasive external beam approach. Currently, a large phase III clinical trial is evaluating these three APBI approaches with the conventional fractionated whole breast radiation course. Based on the favorable outcomes of the above techniques, there have been several innovative methods of APBI that have been developed in an effort to bridge the benefits and overcome certain limitations inherent in existing techniques. These novel approaches will be reviewed, and a summary of the advantages, disadvantages, and phase of clinical development will be provided.


Response of spinach to irrigation water salinity under greenhouse indoor and outdoor conditions was investigated in this study to reveal different weather conditions on salinity tolerance of the plant. For this purpose, saline waters at six different salinities (0.65, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m) were applied to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. Matador) grown in pots. Soil salinity increased linearly with increasing salinity of irrigation water. Threshold salinity is 2.35 dS m and yield lost slope after this threshold is 3.51% for indoor and threshold salinity is 2.83 dS m and yield lost slope is 3.3% for outdoor. Salinity harmful effect on spinach yield is higher for indoor conditions than for outdoor conditions because of higher indoor temperatures. These results apparently showed that spinach salinity response could change with changing weather conditions especially for temperature. Yield response factors (ky), which is the ratio of relative evapotranspiration decrease to relative yield decrease, were close in the cases of irrigation water salinity in greenhouse outdoor and indoor (ky = 2.4 and 2.1), respectively. Considerable water consumption decreases because of salinity were determined. Every 1 dS m increment in soil salinity caused about 1.35% water consumption decrease for spinach. Therefore, depressing effect of salinity on water consumption should be considered in irrigation and salinity management to prevent excess saline water application and to protect environment.


Background Surgeries that require the patient to be in the prone position represent a challenge to the anesthesiologist in terms of securing the airway and additional time and personnel required for induction in the supine position and shifting to the prone position. Use of the classic laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in the prone position is a subject of controversy; the ProSeal LMA may be more suitable as it forms a better seal and provides access to the stomach. LMA Supreme is a newly introduced single-use supraglottic device that shares common features of both the LMA ProSeal and the intubating LMA. Aim of this study The aim of the study was to compare the use of LMA ProSeal and LMA Supreme after induction of anesthesia in the prone position. Patients and methods The study included 80 adult male patients for pilonidal sinus excision surgery. They were randomly divided into two equal groups: group P and group S. The ProSeal was used in group P and the Supreme was used in group S. Ease of insertion, ease of ventilation, leakage of inspiratory gases, SpO 2 , EtCO 2 , blood on the airway device after removal, and postoperative incidences of sore throat were recorded. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age, BMI, or duration of surgery. Both devices provided good air seal and good ventilation. Blood-stained saliva and postoperative sore throat were found more with ProSeal use than with Supreme. Conclusion Allowing the patients to take the prone position themselves and then inducing general anesthesia and securing the airway either with ProSeal or with Supreme is a safe practice.


With the recent advancements in various wireless communication technologies, the importance of mobile multicasting is coming to the fore, in an effort to use network resources more efficiently. In the past, when various mobile IP-based multicast techniques were proposed, the focus was put on the costs needed for network delivery for providing multicast services, as well as on minimizing the multicast handover delay. For techniques using MIPv6 (Mobile IPv6), a host-based mobility management protocol, however, it is fundamentally difficult to resolve the problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence. To resolve these problems, a network-based mobility management protocol called PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) was standardized. Although performance is improved in PMIPv6 over MIPv6, it still suffers from the problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence. In this paper, to overcome these limitations, a technique called LFH (Low-cost and Fast Handoff) is proposed for fast and low-cost mobility management with multicasting support in PMIPv6 networks. To reduce the interactions between the complex multicast routing protocol and the multicast messages, a simplified proxy method called MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) is implemented and modified. Furthermore, a TCR (Tunnel Combination and Reconstruction) algorithm was used in the multicast handover procedure within the LMA (Local Mobility Anchor) domain, as well as in the multicast handover procedure between domains, in order to overcome the problem of tunnel convergence. As a result, it was found that LFH has reduced multicast delay compared to other types of multicast techniques, and that it requires lower costs as well.


Silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on the chemical reduction between propyl gallate(PG) and silver nitrate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).The experimental conditions,including reaction time,concentration of sodium hydroxide,temperature and concentration ratio of PG to Ag+,were investigated.The silver nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and it showed that the nanoparticles were spherical shape.The reduction of Ag+ to silver nanoparticles produced very intense surface plasmon resonance peak of silver nanoparticles.An absorbance band in the range of 400—450 nm was observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a maximum absorbance wavelength of 420 nm.The plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles allows the quantitative determination of some antioxidants,such as PG,butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),butyl hydroxy anisole(BHA) and tertiary butyldroquinone(TBHQ).Their detection limits were 0.0752,0.1242,0.0693 and 0.0701 mg/L,respectively;and their corresponding linear ranges were 0.2—1.8,0.2—3.4,0.2—3.4 and 0.2—3.0 mg/L,respectively.


X-Ray structure analysis of tri(sodium hydrogen)bis[trisglycolato-aluminate(III)], Na3H3[Al(C2H2O3)3]2, has revealed facial 1 : 3 AlIII–glycolate complexes that are connected into binuclear complexes by three short [O ⋯ O 2.425(4)A] and symmetrical hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy moieties.


To induce the humoral immune response against peptide Mut(a mimic B-cell epitope of HER-2) and HER-2 in mice immunized with the fusion protein of heat shock cognate protein 70(Hsc70) and peptide Mut.The DNA encoding Hsc70 and peptide Mut was inserted into pQE40 vector to construct prokaryotic expression vector pQE40-Hsc70-Mut,and then expressed in E.coli SG13009.The Hsc70-Mut fusion protein was purified with Ni-NTA resin and the purity reached more than 90%.After Balb/c mice were immunized with the fusion protein,the anti-peptide Mut and anti-HER-2 humoral immune response were measured by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively,and found that 1 in 6 mice could generate antibody to HER-2.As a result,we conclude that peptide Mut has potential for being developed as a HER-2 vaccine for biotherapy of cancer with HER-2 overexpression.Moreover,immunizing with peptide fusion protein is a strategy for peptide immunization.


ALTHOUGH THE BENEFITS OF poem writing have been emphasised in a variety of contexts, there has been an understandable lack of knowledge about how to promote young children's multicultural/multiracial awareness using poetry writing. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, the current article explores how poem writing after reading and discussing multicultural picture books helps Korean kindergarten children develop an understanding of racial diversity and equality. As part of a large-scale research project on multicultural education in South Korea, this study focuses on data collected over a five-month period including participatory observations, in-depth interviews and written materials. Findings suggest that writing poetry can function as a means to foster children's critical awareness of racial diversity and equality and can help them find their own identities. How to make poetry-writing activities more meaningful and effective in the early childhood classroom is discussed.


Introduction: the objective of this study was to describe the beliefs about oral health among pregnant women in three Colombia's cities. Methods: in an observational descriptive transversal study, a semi structured survey was applied to pregnant women attending pre-natal control at the city's health service. 441 pregnant women that met the inclusion criteria and who voluntarily accepted to participate, were included in the study. Results: the average age was 22 years; it was found that 96.60% (426) of pregnant women have at least one belief about oral health, and the majority of the women (70%) believed that during pregnancy the baby "steals" calcium from the mother's teeth and that "at least one tooth is lost in each pregnancy". Conclusions: pregnant women have erroneous beliefs that to a great extent influence their behavior towards oral health practices and their demands for dental services. The majority of beliefs are related to the fact that during pregnancy, the baby steals calcium from the mother's teeth.


In structural fire engineering, the importance of bolt assemblies is often overlooked. Connection design uses the temperature-dependent bolt strength-reduction factors prescribed in Eurocode 3, despite the existence of two distinct failure modes under tension; necking of the bolt shank, and thread-stripping. While literature exists to predict failure modes at ambient temperature, there is no method for failure mode prediction for elevated temperatures where ductility is critical to avoid collapse. Galvanised M20 structural bolt assemblies and bolt material from a single batch have been tested under tension at a range of temperatures and strain-rates typical of those experienced in fire. Turned-down bolt test data produced stress-strain curves characteristic of different microstructures at ambient temperature, despite a tempered-martensitic microstructure being specified in the standards. The failure modes of bolt assemblies were found to be dependent on the as-received microstructure at ambient temperature. At elevated temperatures, however, only thread-stripping was observed.


In the molecule of the title compound, C17H15N5O3S, the planar central heterocylic ring system is oriented at dihedral angles of 5.32 (4) and 9.41 (4)°, respectively with respect to trimethoxyphenyl and pyridine rings. Intramolecular C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds result in the formation of a nearly planar six-membered ring, which is oriented at a dihedral angle of 3.07 (5)° with respect to the central heterocylic ring system, and non-planar six- and five-membered rings having twist and envelope conformations, respectively. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules. There is a C—H⋯π contact between the pyridine ring and a methyl group and a π–π contact between the central heterocylic ring system and the trimethoxyphenyl ring [centroid–centroid distance = 3.758 (1) Å].


Through analyzing the factors which affect the unbalance protection sensitive coefficient of the high-voltage shunt capacitor bank,this paper deals with the relationship and the selected range of the protection sensitive coefficient and the unbalance voltage or unbalance current occurred in capacitor bank in normal operation.It is valuable to engineering design and the bank in service.


Permutation decoding gained recent interest as it can exploit the symmetries of a code in a parallel fashion. Moreover, it has been shown that by viewing permuted polar codes as polar subcodes, the set of usable permutations in permutation decoding can be increased. We extend this idea to pre-transformed polar codes, such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-aided polar codes, which previously could not be decoded using permutations due to their lack of automorphisms. Using belief propagation (BP)-based subdecoders, we showcase a performance close to CRC-aided SCL (CA-SCL) decoding. The proposed algorithm outperforms the previously best performing iterative CRC-aided belief propagation list (CA-BPL) decoder both in error-rate performance and decoding latency.


The post-naupliar developmental stages of Temora turbinat i (Dana) (Copepodites I to VI) are described and illustrated. The differences in the meris ic characters associated with growth have been investigated. The segmentation and setati( n of the maxillipeds of copepodid stages offer important criteria for separating the di ferent stages. Special attention has been given to study the developmental sequence o" the mandibular teeth as the teeth structure helps to understand the feeding habits of t lese stages. The status and validity of the species of Temora recorded rom the Indian Ocean are also discussed. The present study as well as the previous distrib ational records provide evidence to the inference that Temora stylifera (Dana) and T. dis -audata Giesbrecht are allopatric, with the former restricted in distribution to the Atlanti; and its adjacent seas and the latter to the Indo-Pacific.


The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of propranolol versus corticosteroids for the treatment of periorbital infantile haemangiomas (IHs).


Age-related immune dysregulation contributes to increased susceptibility to infection and disease in older adults. We combined high-throughput laboratory automation with machine learning to build a multi-phenotype aging profile that models the dysfunctional immune response to viral infection in older adults. From a single well, our multi-phenotype aging profile can capture changes in cell composition, physical cell-to-cell interaction, organelle structure, cytokines, and other hidden complexities contributing to age-related dysfunction. This system allows for rapid identification of new potential compounds to rejuvenate older adults' immune response. We used our technology to screen thousands of compounds for their ability to make old immune cells respond to viral infection like young immune cells. We observed beneficial effects of multiple compounds, of which two of the most promising were disulfiram and triptonide. Our findings indicate that disulfiram could be considered as a treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 and other inflammatory infections.


In this paper, based on the moving Kriging interpolation (MKI), the meshless interpolating local Petrov–Galerkin (ILPG) method is presented to solve two- and three-dimensional potential problems. In the present method, the shape function constructed by the MKI has the property of the Kronecker δ function. Then in the ILPG method the essential boundary conditions can be implemented directly. The discrete equations are obtained using the local symmetric weak form. The Heaviside step function is used as the test function in each sub-domain to avoid some domain integral in the symmetric weak form, which will greatly improve the effectiveness of the present method. The ILPG method in this paper is a truly meshless method, which does not require a mesh either for obtaining shape function or for numerical integration in the local weak form. Several numerical examples of potential problems show that the ILPG method has higher computational efficiency and convergence rate than the MLPG method.


The theory of time scales has been introduced in order to unify discrete and continuous analysis. We present a Lyapunov inequality for Sturm-Liouville dynamic equations of second order on such time scales, which can be applied to obtain a disconjugacy criterion for these equations. We also extend the presented material to the case of a general linear Hamiltonian dynamic system on time scales. Some special cases of our results contain the classical Lyapunov inequalities for differential equations as well as only recently developed Lyapunov inequalities for difference equations.


In this paper a thermodynamic model for a polymerized unary liquid is presented. The model assumes there is a distribution of species as a result of a polymerization equilibrium which involves chain formation and scission. According to the model, the distribution of species depends on the Gibbs energy of bond formation and on the temperature of the liquid. Such a polymerization equilibrium is widely believed to occur in the Se-Te melts. The paper discusses the heat capacity, which is compared with the experimental heat capacity of the Se-Te melts. A very close behavior is found and an explanation from the point of view of a polymerization equilibrium is suggested.


will enable the "partial convergence" of global governance, along with "five refinements" (p. 180) reflected in the case of SWIFT; "five characteristics . . . at the heart of engineering and economics of the cloud market" (p. 129); fourteen "enabling and regulatory policies for the cloud" (p. 136); "three classes of problems for defense" (p. 169) that are shaped by "four classic incentive problems"; "five conditions that economists acknowledge can distort market performance" (p. 196) that affect privacy policy and that require a quite different set of "five basic building blocks" (p. 198) containing fifteen constituent principles (pp. 227–229); and so on. It is thus with some irony that the authors note, "Laundry lists of initiatives are ubiquitous in governments because everyone wants a piece of an important policy game" (p. 235). In a further irony at one point the authors quote Buffalo Springfield lyrics: "There's something happening here. What it is ain't exactly clear" (p. 26). The net result is a somewhat impressionistic argument that is undoubtedly correct in broad brushstrokes but elusive in its detail. The authors conclude appropriately with some humility, "Our plan will certainly be wrong in the details, but our goal is to set governance on the right vector for reform" (p. 58). Yet the very complexity of the ongoing evolution of the information revolution, together with the heterogeneity and ambiguity of the solutions that have evolved along the way, somewhat undermines the urgency of any proposed governance reforms. Muddling through will probably continue as the de facto approach to information technology governance whether it becomes quasiconverged official policy or not. This is an optimistic book. Cowhey and Aronson are hopeful that expert negotiators and well-meaning advisors can create shared norms for economic efficiency and democratic accountability in the face of persistently turbulent but generally welfare-enhancing technological innovation. But to quote another anthem from the 1960s, "The times they are a-changin'." A book with a 2017 copyright can give only brief mention to the election of U.S. president Donald J. Trump, who rides a wave of nationalist and protectionist sentiment, and the collapse of the TransPacific Partnership, which was just the sort of trading club that might have advanced the FACE agenda. The intensifying trade war between the United States and China, fraying relationships with key U.S. allies, popular backlash against immigration, trade, and information openness, and ominous Russian cyber espionage and influence campaigns have all further stressed the global liberal order (GLO). Cowhey and Aronson may indeed offer the only feasible approach to restoring the GLO in a world where American leadership can no longer be taken for granted. A more pessimistic possibility is that the normative principles they advocate may contain the seeds of an explanation for why the GLO is even dimmer than it appears.


Objective To explore the image manifestation on canceration of hereditary multiple osteochondroma. Methods A retrospective analysis was done in 5 cases with canceration of hereditary multiple osteochondroma that were proved by operative histology, X ray and CT scanning. Results Two cases canceration occurred in the pelvis, 2 cases in the femur and 1 case in both of the pelvis and the femur. X ray showed irregular incrassation, destruction or disappearance of cartilaginous cap with calcification under heterogeneous density; The osteolytic destruction of the bone cortex of basal part and diaphysis, radioactive bone spicule and Codman triangle in the periosteum; And obvious tumefaction of soft tissues. CT scanning mainly showed the followings: calcification increase of cartilaginous cap and destruction of bone substance, vermiform destruction of bone substance in the bone cortex of basal part and diaphysis, irregular calcification or annular calcification and ossification image with heterogeneous density in the tumor, radioactive bone spicule and Codman triangle, and obvious tumefaction of soft tissues. Conclusion It is characteristic to the image manifestation on canceration of hereditary multiple osteochondroma. X ray and CT scanning are reliable ways for diagnosing the disease.


Second order mode statistics as a function of range and source depth are presented from the Long Range Ocean Acoustic Propagation EXperiment (LOAPEX). During LOAPEX, low frequency broadband signals were transmitted from a ship-suspended source to a mode-resolving vertical line array. Over a one-month period, the ship occupied seven stations from 50 km to 3200 km distance from the receiver. At each station broadband transmissions were performed at a near-axial depth of 800 m and an off-axial depth of 350 m. Center frequencies at these two depths were 75 Hz and 68 Hz, respectively. Estimates of observed mean mode energy, cross mode coherence, and temporal coherence are compared with predictions from modal transport theory, utilizing the Garrett-Munk internal wave spectrum. In estimating the acoustic observables, there were challenges including low signal to noise ratio, corrections for source motion, and small sample sizes. The experimental observations agree with theoretical predictions within experimental uncertainty.


Objective To observe whether GuShenChangAn(GSCA)exerts any protective effect on intestines in rabbit during ischemia reperfusion Methods 21 white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:normal and shock controls,and GSCA groups.Hemorrhagic shock animal model was prepared Intestinal content of Evan's blue(EB),malondialdehyde (MDA) ,TNF and the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined Intestinal epithelium was prepared for electronic microscopy(EM) Results At 90 minutes following reperfusion,tissue EB,MDA,TNF levels of intestine in GSCA group were significantly lower than those of controls,the activity of DAO increased EM demonstrated the epithelial cell damage was not obvious in GSCA group.Conclusion GSCA can prevent intestinal epithelial cell from damaging during ischemia reperfusion


John F. Kasson has produced an important work from a number of perspectives: it is a rare example of a true American Civilization approach to scholarship, as well as an original, imaginative effort to deal with the relationship between two fundamental aspects of our culture, republican ideals and technological development. Thoughtful and laborintensive, the work reflects research in literature, art, and history that skillfully combines a multitude of sources. It represents a useful addition to a debate more often carried on in terms of a single discipline. Kasson isolated commentary on the relationship between the technology of the nineteenth century and Revolutionary Era republicanism "concerned with the maintenance of liberty, order and virtue and assuming social and cultural dimensions such as to make it central to American civiliaztion" (vii). He sketches a Jeffersonian shift from opposition to manufacturing to a limited acceptance of a system providing occupation and social control for small numbers of people of marginal productive utility. The movement from the anti-capitalist communalism of Puritanism and republicanism to economic individualism provides a recurrent theme in discussions of figures such as Hawthorne, Melville, and Edward Everett. Lowell, Massachusetts offers a focus for treatment of fears caused by European experiences in industrialization. Its special mix of economic and social goals is never entirely sorted out, but the description of its corporate paternalism maintains the themes of the earlier period. Emerson's concern for the diminution of individual creativity in a society dominated by values flowing from the new machine culture interjects a level of abstraction to the debate about Lowell that permanently obscures the economic component of the discussion. This abstraction, typical of both Emerson and Jefferson, but not of those directly affected by the debate, the working and propertied classes, continues throughout the book and permits the discussion to avoid the economic issues related to the manner of technological development, which had been clearly central in Lowell. An impressive description of the machine-building aesthetic as a branch of the arts, a propagandistic branch intended to reinforce a new "social virtue," reveals the identity of interests among religious spokesmen, artists, and manufacturers. Although Kasson does not make the point explicit, the new hegemony reflects the steadily growing but still incomplete ability of the industrial capitalists to create a culture reinforcing their goals. The omission of a comparison between this point of view and that of the working class spokespeople who decried their loss of the fruits of their labor, often consciously echoing the Jeffersonian labor theoiy of value, prevents the continuance of the debate of earlier chapters.


Based on the understanding of the concept of barrier-free design,and analysis of the barrier-free design from the relationship between the living environment and the origin,its promotion of the spirit of socialist construction and improve the quality of life,such as the important function to attach greater importance to barrier-free design.


The C-H bond dissociation energies of closed-shell molecules de- crease with increasing stability of the resulting radicals. From the electron affinity of the dicyanomethyl radical,  CH(CN)2 ,E A(  CH(CN)2)=2.88 ( 0.01 eV, measured by photoelectron imaging of the CH(CN)2 - anion, and the acidity/electron affinity thermodynamic cycle, we obtained the C-H bond dissociation enthalpy of malo- nonitrile, CH2(CN)2,DH298(H-CH(CN)2)=87(2 kcal/mol. This result is compared to the corresponding value for acetonitrile, DH298(H-CH2CN)=93( 2 kcal/mol, determined from a similar measurement of EA(  CH2CN) = 1.53 ( 0.01 eV. The relativeweaknessoftheC-Hbondsinmalononitrileandacetonitrile,comparedto most closed-shell neutral organic molecules, is attributed to π-resonance stabiliza- tion of the unpaired electrons in  CH(CN)2 and  CH2CN. SECTION Kinetics, Spectroscopy


This article concerns the application of the FEM method for the prediction of stress and deformation states in the workpiece during diamond sliding burnishing (DSB). An updated Lagrange (UL) description was used to describe the phenomena at a typical incremental step. The states of strain and strain rate are described by non-linear relationships without linearization. The material parameters were estimated during tensile tests to determine the characteristics of the 41Cr4 steel. Its hardness was also tested. Its aim was to prepare a table with the material properties of the above-mentioned steel and its implementation for numerical analyses. A Cowper–Symonds material model was used to model the displacement process of the wedge on an elastic/visco-plastic body reflecting the DSB process. The computer model was validated, and a good convergence of the results was obtained. Applications in the ANSYS/LS-Dyna program were developed to simulate the process of DSB. The results of numerical analyses were presented, among others, to explain the influence of the rake angle on the condition of the surface after machining, as well as the phenomenon of chip formation. The results of numerical simulations were verified experimentally on a test stand.


Linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform is widely used in modern tracking radars for high resolution. Self-protection jamming systems are designed to deceive the targeted radar by generating false targets in range. The proposed jamming technique the jamming signal is acquired by dividing the intercepted radar signal into several equal chunks by bandwidth division, and then finds optimal retransmission order. After dividing the radar signal into multiple chunks, we impose phase modulation on intercepted radar signal. The resultant jamming signal is coherent with the matched filter, and provides considerable processing gain to the jamming signal which generates false target peaks. The jamming signal enhances the detection threshold as the real target is surrounded by false target in non-symmetrical order. The characteristics of bandwidth division and phase modulation are analyzed in detail and then the jamming signal model is presented. Simulation results are presented to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the jamming method. Comparing with the conventional coherent noise jamming, the proposed jamming signal model is capable of generating a greater number of false targets after CFAR detection. The jamming effect to the hostile radar is analyzed at the plan position indicator (PPI) of radar which generates track of multiple false targets after passing through radar signal processing module.


One of the major responsibilities of a departmental head is to evaluate faculty that at times can be difficult and controversial. Therefore, it is very important for a department head to demonstrate how they can recruit a new faculty member and grant them tenure and promotion. The intent of this paper is to discuss some of the important issues associated with the educational leadership as a head/chair and how a good leader can make a difference in assisting new faculty to obtain tenure and promotion.


1. Basic definitions and aim of the paper Let Kbe a set, finite or infinite. A simple directed graph P = {V, U) is said to be "transitively oriented" if the existence of a directed path from a vertex x to a vertex y implies the existence of an arc (x, y)e U. For undefined graph-theoretical terms see for instance [4]. A transitively oriented graph on the vertex set V is nothing but the graph of some partial ordering of the set V; loops are omitted. Hence the subsequent denomination of pograph. An undirected graph G = (V, E) is called a comparability graph if it is possible to direct all edges in such a way that the resulting digraph P = {V, U) is transitively oriented. When such a relationship prevails between an undirected graph G and a directed graph P, we shall write G = <g(P). Notice that G = %P) = ^(P" 1), where P~ l denotes, as usual, the partial ordering obtained by reversing each arc of P. If P and Q are pographs such that ^(P) = ^{Q) then it is not always the case that P = Q or P " 1 = Q. A comparability graph G is called UPO (short for uniquely partially orderable) if <g{P) = $(Q) = G implies that P = Qor P = Q~ l. Examples. An odd cycle is not a comparability graph, with the exception of the triangle. Every complete graph K n {n ^ 3) is a non-UPO comparability graph. Every connected bipartite graph is a UPO comparability graph. Comparability graphs have been studied by a large number of authors. Many of these worked independently and brought different insights to the problem but the central concept in all these works is that of forcing class, a notion first introduced by Gilmore and Hoffman [8], and Ghouila-Houri [7]. For a set C of edges of a graph G = (V, E) let V(C) be the set of vertices incident with some eeC. For edges e, e' e E we set e F e' if e = [x, y], e' = [x, z] and y, z are not joined in G. Since there are no loops, e F e for e e E. The binary relation F on the edge set E has a transitive closure F which is an equivalence relation on E. The equivalence classes …


The method and technology of chromosomal C-banding karyotypes analyzing and its application to grasshoppers of Acridoidea were reviewed, and the number of the genera of grasshoppers of China which have been studied on chromosomal C-banding karyotypes were counted.


In this paper the procedure was discribed for enclosing PDMS substrate containing microstructures with a flat piece of PDMS cover plate to fabricate PDMS microfluidic chips. The effects of proportions of PDMS prepolymer and curing agent, curing temperature and time on the bonding strength of PDMS wafers were investigated. The optimal mass proportions were 10∶1 for substrate and 5∶1 for cover plate. The optimal curing time for substrate and cover plate was 35-50 min and 25-40 min, respectively, at 75 ℃. The surface of the substrate and that of the cover plate seal tightly and irreversibly when brought into close contact and continue cured for 60 min at 75 ℃. The chips have been used successfully for the separation of two FITC labeled amino acids and worked well within a period of six months with more than 50 cycles of operations involving solution loading in the channel and channel washing.


Thank you for the invitation to discuss this interesting topic. The circumstances connected with WorldCom and Enron unquestionably raise some burning questions to do with the roles of the owners, the boards and the auditors, as well as with construction of the rule system. There is a risk, however, that a drive for quick solutions will result in hasty conclusions. Experience shows, in my opinion, that when dealing with complex problems, there is often much to be said for reflection and closer consideration. In many cases it is not until some time has passed, enabling us to gain a better understanding of what happened, that we are in a position to take the steps that are truly important and crucial.


Humans commonly have low level antibodies to poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) due to environmental exposure. Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 contain small amounts of PEG but it is not known if PEG antibodies are enhanced by vaccination and if there are any consequences. We studied plasma from 55 people receiving the Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine for PEG-specific antibodies. Anti-PEG IgG was commonly detected prior to vaccination and was boosted a mean of 1.78-fold (range 0.68 to 16.6) by vaccination. Anti-PEG IgM increased 2.64-fold (0.76 to 12.84) following vaccination. PEG antibodies did not impact the neutralizing antibody response to vaccination. Pre-existing levels of anti-PEG IgM correlated with increased reactogenicity. A rise in PEG antibodies following vaccination was associated with an increase in the association of PEG-based nanoparticles to blood immune cells ex vivo. We conclude that low level PEG-specific antibodies can be modestly boosted by a lipid nanoparticle mRNA-vaccine and that PEG-specific antibodies are associated with higher reactogenicity. The longer-term clinical impact of the increase in PEG-specific antibodies induced by lipid nanoparticle mRNA-vaccines should be monitored.


Various applications for controllable dampers in the industrial and automotive sector are demanding an improved ER-Fluid, concerning performance and long time behavior. The new ER-Fluid RheOil® 3.0 developed by us and presented here overcomes the main disadvantages like sedimentation and re-dispersing behavior. Besides this, better ER-performance (control ratio, current-density, step response time) could also be achieved. During tests of the response to changing temperature and long time behavior no significant degradation of the fluid or abrasive wear in the components was found over a wide temperature range.


This book brings together a series of papers and responses to papers presented at a conference on the minimum core content of socio-economic rights in Pretoria, South Africa, during August 2000. The papers describe, first from an international law perspective and then from a South African perspective, these socio-economic rights. In the process, the normative content of rights concerned is given flesh: the authors identify particular obligations that can be said to form the core of rights, such as the right to housing, the right to food, rights to education and social security and assistance. At the same time, the concept of a minimum core obligations of economic and social rights is problematised and the difficulties of using concepts, developed within the general and abstract realm of international law, in the more particular and concrete context of domestic rights adjudication are explored. As a result, this book contains a great deal of practical information and is useful for human rights practitioners, both legal and non-legal. It also provides some critical reflection on the conceptual framework from which it is derived.


This paper investigates the double switchings reliable control of positive switched systems with actuator faults. Different from existing fixed actuator faults, a class of unfixed actuator faults is introduced, where each subsystem can have several faults rather than only a fault. First, a periodic occurring fault is considered for the subsystems. Using linear Lyapunov functions with linear programming, a set of reliable controllers is designed for positive switched systems. Then, an average dwell time based switching law between the normal and faulty modes of subsystems is established. In detail, the considered systems consist of several switched subsystems, where the subsystems have normal and faulty modes. In such a case, two classes of multiple linear Lyapunov functions are constructed for the subsystems and the whole switched systems, respectively. Accordingly, two classes of reliable controllers are designed for the normal and faulty modes, respectively. Meanwhile, two classes of average dwell time switching laws, named double switchings laws, are designed for the subsystems and the whole switched systems, respectively. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.


Abstract : The extensive form of decision analysis is used to generate tables which permit a decision maker to determine an optimal course of action after making a simple calculation. Presentation of the partial solution permits substantial reduction in the volume of material which must be tabulated. Judicious choice of state relationships at each stage further decreases the volume, thus providing an example of how large scale decision problems can be made more tractable. The game, which constrains work capacity and permits interaction between years, is solved using expected increase in future assets as the decision variable.


We would like to point out some of the main problems encountered in the study of solutions of difference equations and their possible expansion in inverse factorial series. Many authors have studied this problem and particularly Harris Jr. have made very pertinent works on problems of this kind. So we thought this small contribution would be well adapted to this manifestation in memory of Bill. We have selected two particular equations which are typical of what we thought to be the principal difficulties we have to overcome and which were not taken in consideration by classical works which concentrated on cases where the series obtained are convergent in some half-plane. On the contrary the two examples studied here generally lead to formal series nowhere convergent and our purpose is to give some meaning to a


A 49-year-old man presented with fever, chills and altered mental status. He had undergone pancreatic and renal transplantation several years ago with several episodes of allograft rejection necessitating long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Upon admission he was noted to have positive CMV IgG titers. CSF showed elevated leukocyte count (>600 with 89% neutrophils). There was pulmonary edema with a right pleural effusion although initial brain imaging studies and pan-cultures were negative. The patient was empirically treated for meningitis and possible pneumonia with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics but subsequently developed worsening lethargy, respiratory insufficiency, and a diffuse pustular rash on his extremities. Later MRI revealed numerous, widespread foci of abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma. Later a calf abscess yielded Nocardia brasiliensis by culture. He died two months after presentation and autopsy showed disseminated nocardiosis. Sections of the brain also revealed scattered granulomata; and GMS stains demonstrated branched, filamentous organisms consistent with Nocardia species. Correspondence 732 Brain Pathology 22 (2012) 729–732 © 2012 The Authors; Brain Pathology © 2012 International Society of Neuropathology


A lot of mires are distributed in the Daisetsuzan Mountains, especially above the forest line where Pinus pumila community is dominant. According to some pollen analyses and radio carbon datings, the initiation of a mire formation dates back to about 7, 500y. B. P., but most of mires have developed after about 5, 000y. B. P. when the climatic condition began to get cooler. The climatic condition seemed to delay snow melting above the forest line. This caused a decrease of Pinus pumila community whose existence is often controlled by snow depth, and caused an increase of water supply from snow patch through summer, which provided a favorable condition for mire development in the Daisetsuzan Mountains.The distribution of mires under the climatic condition mentioned above was controlled by a surface condition of land such as topography and vegetation. Below the forest line located around 1, 500m a. s. l. in the Daisetsuzan Mountains, volcanic activities and landslides caused the destruction of forest vegetation and the formation of depressions leading to mire development. Above the forest line the favorable condition for mire development was provided by periglacial processes which formed microtopography such as solifluction lobes and terraces. These features make water easier to stagnate on a gentle slope. In addition to these conditions, a size of catchment area, a distribution of snow patches and an existence of permafrost which controlled water supply decided the distribution of mires in the Daisetsuzan Mountains.


A low level of lead in zinc dust was identified as the causative agent responsible for inhibiting selective reduction of a dibromoimidazole derivative via metal agglomeration and lead deposition on the zinc surface.


This paper studies an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IGCC-SOFC) hybrid power system. Based on the intercrossing of electrochemical process and thermodynamic cycle, this paper has proposed a dual cycle IGCC-SOFC hybrid power system. Based on the Aspen Plus soft, the model of the IGCC-SOFC hybrid power system has been established and the performance of the overall hybrid power system affected by the main operating parameters of SOFC system has been analyzed and optimized. The obtained results show that IGCC system integrated with the high temperature SOFC combined cycle system has a higher thermal efficiency through decreasing the current density; the higher fuel utilization ratio (ηg ) also improves the efficiency of hybrid power system; with the increase of the syngas distribution ratio Xfl , both the total power output and system efficiency of the hybrid power system are improved greatly. When Xfl is 1.0, compared with the base IGCC system without integration with SOFC system, the efficiency of hybrid power system increases by 10 percentage points approximately. Above research achievements will provide a valuable guide for further study on IGCC-SOFC hybrid power system.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The paper presents first investigations on a project for a mobile autonomous service and inspection system for ISS (MISSISS) initiated by the German Space Agency (DLR). The basic objectives of the project as well as the envisaged mission will be explained. An outline of the system will be given together with a description of the major subsystems and some essential technical highlights. We will finish with preliminary results of related technology experiments and an outlook of the next steps of the project.


Modern American novel appears to be a type of novelistic prose, in which with the help of specific literary approach from the standpoint of conscious historicism the events with a real historical basis are recreated and discussed in the light of historical perspective. This idea is practically embodied in the novel "The Goldfinch" by D. Tartt, whose author experiments with the genre features of the novel, constructing within its boundaries her own modification using the method of reconstruction. The novel "The Goldfinch" by Donna Tartt has fragmented structure and numerous elements of the plot that resonate, reflecting each other and at the same time imitating the literary models of novels by Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Joanne Rowling. Engaging in a dialogue with predecessors through the deliberate use of literary techniques, creating the effects of intertextuality (borrowing and recycling of themes, explicit and implicit quotations, translations, plagiarism, allusion, paraphrase, imitation, parody, dramatization, the use of epigraphs, reminiscence), D. Tartt rewrites the authors' life-style models and literary traditions according to her own worldview, preserving the most important and instantly recognizable in the prose if each artist. Here it is expedient to speak of the hermeneutical aspect of reconstruction, which seeks to reproduce the true meaning of the realities of the past and the present, by reproducing the situation of their occurrence. By introduction into the contemporary discourse certain elements and ideas of the previous cultures, a kind of dialogue space between the past and the present is created. Thus, the modern American novel attempts to revive some of the former literary codes, as well as to rework some of the artistic conventions of the past. The balance of historical perspective, the equilibrium of the past and the present in the new novel is achieved through the organic synthesis of contemporary postmodern and traditional realist strategies.