The conventional method of separation of rare earths by multistage liquid-liquid extraction is still the best processing technology for their separation and purification. One of the most promising developments in the last decade that could have an impact on the rare earths separation technology is the synthesis of mucrocyclic ligands that have a high degree of selectivity in their complexation. Trivalent lanthanides have recently been transported across liquid membranes containing macrocycic ligands. The use of facilitated liquid membranes reactors in the concentration of very dilute rare eaith streams can be very effective in terms of recovery as well as environmental considerations. The electroreduction of E3+ to E2+ and the electroodixation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ are potential replacements for chemical reaction valence change methods. The electrolytic method eliminates the introduction of other chemical reagents that need to be treated downstream to satisfy environmental codes. Improvements in the design and ...


On 31 March 2008, the Spanish Competition Authority adopted a decision finding that Estacion Sur de Atobuses de Madrid SA ("Estacion Sur") had abused its dominant position in breach of the Spanish…


(1943). Test Manual for Indiana University Motor Fitness Indices for High School and College Age Men. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 356-365.


Speed governors are a key element in the automatisation progressing of hydro power plants. Newfunctions and new services have been linked to these achievements, white continuously improving basic performances of speed governors.Besides, industrial equipment took a large advantage from technological progress, namely from microelectronics. This applies to digital communications which enables today the sharing of rich informations to other applications. Neyrpic DIGIPID speed governors are progressing the same way. After a brief description of these basic improvments, new services are described giving some informations on the following STATUS setting and monitoring functions: aided setting, continuous measures white operating the unit, aided maintenance and remote monitoring.


Abstract Excess enthalpies and excess volumes of { x nonaflluorobutylmethylether  +  ( 1  −  x ) ethanol or methanol} were measured at T  =  298.15 K. Excess enthalpies of both mixtures are positive and flatten in the middle mole fraction because of the concentration fluctuation approaching phase separation. Excess volumes were also large and flatten in the middle mole fraction. Partial molar enthalpies of ethanol or methanol are very large at infinite dilution in comparison with those of nonafluorobutylmethylether because of the breaking of hydrogen bonds of alcohol on mixing. The strong hydrogen bonds of methanol depresses the partial molar volume of methanol at infinite dilution.


It was found possible to differentiate the muscle tissue of fallow deer (Cervus dama) from the muscle tissues of sheep, cattle, and swine by examining the muscle lactic dehydrogenases as obtained by electrophoresis in polyacrilamide gel. This method was not suitable for differentiating between Forester kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and Bennetts wallaby (Macropus rufogrisea) muscles, but it was found that Forester kangaroo samples could be positively identified by a hemagglutination-inhibition test. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 38(4):884-886 In all parts of the world game-law en- forcement authorities are plagued by the problem of differentiating the meat of pro- tected or semiprotected species from that of unprotected or domestic animals. In Tasmania the main difficulties arise in relation to identifying fallow deer and Forester kangaroo muscle samples. It is usual for poachers, when apprehended, to claim that the former is from sheep or cattle and the latter is from Bennetts wallaby. Over a 4-year period a number of elec- trophoretic and immunological techniques were investigated in an attempt to provide methods by which fallow deer and Forester kangaroo meats could be identified. It is not intended to bore the reader with a dis- sertation on our failures, but rather to in- dicate that by using modifications of exist- ing techniques it is possible to differentiate between a variety of meats. Valuable assistance with the work to be


In this study, economic analysis was conducted for groundwater-irrigated oil sunflower farming in Konya region. This study was conducted over the agricultural fields of 20 oil sunflower farmers operating within the irrigation scheme of groundwater irrigation cooperative of Basgoturen districts of Karatay town of Konya province in 2019. Within the scope of this study, inputs used in oil sunflower farming, input quantities and unit prices, yields and unit sales prices of the farmers were determined. Cost-benefit analysis was performed with the resultant data and economic assessments were performed for irrigated oil sunflower farming. Average total production cost of groundwater-irrigated oil sunflower farming was calculated as 4683.4 TL ha -1 (821.6 $ ha -1 ). Of such a cost, 50% was constituted by irrigation costs. Electricity constituted the greatest cost item in irrigation costs. Average gross production value was calculated as 8208.3 TL ha -1 (1440.1 $ ha -1 ). Together with state supports, average net income was calculated as 5057.3 TL ha -1 (887.2 $ ha -1 ).


The paper deals with the calculation of steady heat transfer from a surface of arbitrary temperature distribution to a laminar semi-infinite stream of arbitrary velocity distribution. Lighthill's method is improved by a correction which accounts for the departures from linearity of the velocity profile within the thermal boundary layer, and which comprehends the influences of Prandtl number, pressure gradient, body forces, and non-coincident start of velocity and thermal layers. Methods are given for evaluating the total heat flux directly, and for integrating the differential equations for the growth of the boundary layer thickness by means of quadratures.


Xanthate and dithiocarbamate functionalized PMMAs obtained by free radical polymerization in the presence of xanthogen and dithiuram disulfide were used for chain extension with less activated monomers such as vinyl acetate and ethylene.


The present invention provides a test apparatus and test method for a continuous Loads Chloride corrosion of reinforced concrete member, the apparatus comprising a sustained load loading means, and chloride corrode rapidly apparatus monitoring and control devices. Applying a sustained load by load frame and the drive means to the filled set chloride solution is sealed is fixed to the upper portion of the test beam in the frame, using the air pump continuously injecting air into the chloride solution, the test steel beam on to a direct current embodiment rapid corrosion . The main control box integrated data collection device, an electrochemical test meter and an output device, centralized control through the MCU, the real-time measurement and periodic calibration sustained load to a target level, periodic testing of the corrosion behavior of corrosion member, real-time acquisition, display, storage and print output data. The present invention can effectively simulate the actual corrosion conditions existing reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment and load coupling effect, provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of durability of engineering structures in marine environment chloride, Salt Lake and the like.


Indoor Positioning System (IPS) allows us to precisely control robots and cars, and to improve the location awareness for pedestrians in indoor area where Global Positioning System fails. Many indoor positioning techniques leverage wireless signals, such as WiFi and Bluetooth, but suffer from low accuracy. Therefore, fusion techniques have been proposed to improve the accuracy, such as using the inertial measurement unit (IMU). In this paper, we proposed a deep learning-based fusion system using IMU and Visible Light Positioning (VLP). Different from WiFi and Bluetooth systems, VLP can provide highly accurate and fast location service with several line-of-sight (LOS) visible lights due to the special characteristic of light. Although VLP could fail in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, the fusion system that we proposed is based on several structured neural networks and can carefully select VLP signals to achieve better positioning results even under poor LOS conditions. Based on our simulation results, the system can achieve an average of 20 cm accuracy.


Anthropogenic disturbance in Amazonian forests has increased dramatically since the early 1980s and forest disturbance is expected to continue in the early twenty-first century. Logging and conversion to pasture for cattle are two of the largest causes of forest disturbance and destruction. This study examined the distribution and diversity of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in intact forest and under three disturbance regimes (selective logging, clear-cutting and pasture) in a forest tract in southern Pará state, Brazil. Dung beetles were collected using faeces-baited pitfall traps, then identified, measured and weighed. Principal Components Analyses and the Sørensen's Index indicated that the intact and selectively logged areas were similar in terms of species composition but that the pasture areas and clear-cut areas had substantially different groups of species. Beetle size and diversity (as measured by species richness, Shannon index and Simpson's index) were lower in clear-cuts and pasture than in intact forest. The selectively logged forest was no less diverse than intact forest, and beetles were the same size or larger than those in intact forest. Total beetle biomass, however, was highest in the pasture due to the abundance of small-bodied beetles in this habitat. While the fact that selective logging has a relatively minor impact on the dung beetle community is heartening, the projected increase in the amount of highly disturbed landscape in Amazonia is expected to have a severe impact on dung beetle biodiversity in the region.


The invention provides multi-functional composite supramolecular nano fiber self assembling system and its application.Described multi-functional composite supramolecular nano fiber self assembling system, it is characterised in that include at least one FUS LC combined with functional protein R.FUS LC can assemble the ability of fiber by genetic engineering combination various functions albumen without influenceing it, and slow fiber growth ability and multifarious functional protein allow this amyloid filaments to realize the variation of structure-controllable and function.


An online experiment tested the influence of "he said/she said" coverage versus active adjudication of factual disputes, as well as strategy versus policy framing in postdebate news coverage. Adjudication in policy-framed stories increased epistemic political efficacy (EPE), a measure of confidence in one's own ability to determine the truth in politics. However, adjudicated policy stories also elicited greater cynicism than passive policy framing. This suggests a caveat for the spiral of cynicism, calling into question its assumption that all policy framing behaves similarly in reducing cynicism. Results also provide several forms of evidence that effects of adjudication on EPE differ from spiral of cynicism effects while further validating the EPE construct as distinct from the reverse of political cynicism. Adjudication also positively affected evaluations of the coverage as interesting and informative.


F or some women, the negative impact that vasomotor symptoms (VMS) exert on quality of life and overall functioning, particularly physical discomfort, disrupted sleep, inability to concentrate, and increased anxiety and irritability, represents a compelling argument not only to seek treatment strategies to alleviate these symptoms but also to rely on and adhere to these treatments for an extended period of time. On the other hand, with the overall concern and some skepticism generated by the Women's Health Initiative findings and their (mis) interpretations, physicians and researchers have had several opportunities to observe and document the outcome of interrupting (abruptly or not) the use of menopausal hormone therapies (MHTs). Unequivocally, a considerable number of women experienced reemergence of VMS and other menopause-related complaints after discontinuing MHT, and many ended up seeking/benefiting from other, nonhormonal treatment options to improve their symptoms. The remaining question, however, is what happens next; that is, what happens to symptomatic, menopausal women after discontinuing nonhormonal treatments for VMS? In 2009, Borud et al published in Menopause the results of a 12-week, 10-session, pragmatic trial of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture for the management of moderate to severe VMSVthe Acupuncture on Hot Flushes Among Menopausal Women (ACUFLASH) study. As we pointed out at that time, the study approach was quite innovative as the authors compared advice on self-care alone with use of TCM acupuncture in addition to advice on self-care in a randomized fashion. At the completion of the 12-week trial, those who had received TCM acupuncture in addition to advice on self-care showed a greater reduction in VMS frequency/severity and experienced improvements in overall health, somatic complaints, and sleep. In this issue of Menopause, the same investigators bring in the results of the observational follow-up period (6 and 12 mo) after the ACUFLASH 12-week intervention. This follow-up is unique and quite valuable given the scarce data available on the long-term benefits of short-term interventions for VMS. The results of the follow-up study offer some good news and some points for reflection or further research. Among the good news is the fact that discontinuation of TCM acupuncture did not result in the worsening or reemergence of VMS, unlike in some MHT discontinuation studies. In fact, most women who received TCM acupuncture were able to sustain the reduction in VMS and the improvement of health-related quality of life (measured by the Women's Health Questionnaire dimensions) achieved after the 12-week period, as demonstrated in subsequent measures at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. In addition, those in the control group (ie, those who received advice on selfcare without TCM acupuncture) experienced a further decline in the frequency and intensity of VMS and an improvement of health-related quality of life over the course of the 6to 12-month follow-up period. At the end, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding VMS frequency/severity, although a greater proportion of Bresponders,[ that is, women who had a 50% or greater reduction in VMS frequency from the study start, was still observed among TCM users versus controls (58% vs 42%, respectively). The observational follow-up of the ACUFLASH study also pointed out that a significant number of women in both groups still continued to seek treatment alternatives for the alleviation of VMS and other menopause-related complaints over the course of 12 months; the use of TCM acupuncture was among the treatments used that ultimately resulted in further improvements, but other treatments were effective, including MHT. Lastly, a positive expectation regarding the effects of the TCM acupuncture was associated with a greater reduction in VMS at the end of the follow-up study. It is impossible to determine the degree to which the results of the ACUFLASH follow-up study were influenced by spontaneous reduction in/remission of VMSVa reduction that is expected over time among postmenopausal women. Nonetheless, when the acute and longitudinal phases of the ACUFLASH study are taken into consideration, some points are worth considering: first, TCM acupuncture seems a viable, acutely efficacious treatment option for VMS in symptomatic postmenopausal women with low risk for reemergence of symptoms after treatment discontinuation. Second, women might benefit from subsequent TCM treatments or other treatment strategies if symptoms persist over time, although predictors of symptom relapse or response to other treatments have yet to be determined. Third, it is quite intriguing that positive expectation or attitude toward acupuncture exerted such a significant effect on the outcome. More research on the underlying mechanisms involved in great response to treatments that are Bcredible or desired[ is long overdue. Ultimately, these studies will help us develop treatments with greater adherence and better understand/monitor the undesirable placebo effects in our clinical trials.


textabstractThe term "tomography" is composed of the two Greek words "τόμος",
which can be translated as "cut" or "slice" and "γραφία" which is the Greek
term for "picture". The image that is produced by a tomograph is called a
tomogram. In order to achieve information from a tomogram, one needs to
reconstruct the data set by using a reconstruction algorithm, which then
computes the tomographic slices of the object. These slices can be stacked
together and form a 3D stack of the object of interest.


Networked Tablet PCs have great potential for improving the learning environment in classrooms. By increasing the capacity for communication among participants, they can raise student engagement in, and teacher awareness of, the class; by allowing for a detailed record of the class to be made, they can facilitate educational research. This thesis presents several studies, spanning the period from fall, 2001, to spring, 2008, exploring these possibilities. An early study used primitive pen-enabled computers to allow sharing of teacher notes and student questions. In several studies, Tablet PCs were used simply to record data, either of the teacher's use of the Tablet PC or of the students' note-taking; we present a variety of analyses of those data. In the spring, 2007, semester, we experimented with a partially self-placed class structure made possible by the use of the Tablet PC. In our last study, several classes were conducted in a traditional manner, but with all participants equipped with Tablet PCs; the sole intervention was the provision of a "dashboard" on which the teacher could see the students' work. In addition to presenting results of student surveys, we discuss the design issues for such dashboards.


Objective:To evaluate and compare the effect of treatment with Letrozole vs. hMG on the hormonal and biochemical features of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods:Forty-one Chinese women with PCOS participated in this prospective,randomized,open-labeled study between January 1th 2006 and January 31th 2007. All subjects were divided into two groups randomly:the experimental group received Letrozole (LE)2.5 mg/d for 5 days during days 3~7 of menstrual circle,the control group was given hMG progressive increasing from 37.5 mg/d for ovulation induction therapy on the 5th day of menstrual circle. The transvaginal sonography was applied to observe growth of follicle and ovulation. Then when the follicular diameter was ≥18 mm in length injected hCG 10 000 IU inducing ovalution. Luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) levels were estimated with the blood of elbow vein at the day of HCG injection. Ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, the endometrial thickness and reproductive hormones were observed.Results:Ovulation rate and pregnacy rate were similar in experimental group and control group. The morbidity of single dominant follicle was obviously higher in experimenta group than that in control group (P0.05),while the number of mature follicle produced a significant reduction in experimenta group. There was no significant reduction after either group for endometrial thickness, E2 and T levels in serum at the day of HCG injection.Conclusion:Letrozole produces a similar ovulation rate and pregnancy rate with hMG. And the morbidity of single dominant follicle is significantly higher in experimenta group than in control group. Therefore,Letrozole may be proved to be effective in the treatment of PCOS.


Small and Medium State-owned Enterprises are very important for the development of economic and society but the difficulty is the financing for SMEs.The local commercial bank is a regional commercial bank based on development of local economic and should be based on local economic and provides efficient,high quality financial service for SMEs.How to create new financial products,provide eifficient and high quality financial service for SMEs is an important topic for local commercial bank especially for SMEs financial service organization.


Underwater networks are used for monitoring water resources and underwater environments. Thus, it is important that the underwater sensor nodes cover the largest region possible, during the largest amount of time. This paper presents a method to perform node scheduling in underwater stratified networks. It aims to maintain the network active for longer, maintaining its connectivity. Voronoi Diagrams are used to decompose the space into regions around each node in order to determine which one should be scheduled to sleep. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves the desired objectives, more than doubling the network lifetime while guaranteeing connectivity.


Harmonic oscillator with a δ-function potential is analysed and compact expressions are obtained for the energy eigenvalues of the even parity states. These energies tend to the energy eigenvalues of the odd parity states for large strengths of the δ-function potential, leading to degenerate states in the limiting cases. The WKB analysis and model wavefunctions are developed which provide accurate values for the energies and an insight into the physical structure.


We report a new formula for the electrical conductivity of a thin wire of rectangular cross‐section, obtained from an exact solution of the Boltzmann equation by assuming perfectly diffuse surface scattering and absence of grain boundaries. Also, we calculate the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline metallic wires, both for the case of rectangular and circular cross‐sections and for arbitrary values of Fuchs' specularity parameter, by means of a seminumerical procedure that solves the Boltzmann equation by summing over classical trajectories in accordance with Chambers' method. Following Szczyrbowski and Schmalzbauer, the scattering by grain boundaries is represented by a peculiar specularity parameter and a boundary transmittance. The difference between one and the sum of these two probabilities measures the probability of diffuse scattering. We examine the dependence of the conductivity on the values of these parameters and the effects of disorder on the diameters of the grains.


: The aim of this research was to formulate and evaluate effervescent granules of Trachyspermum ammi seed extract that would mask the peppery taste of herbal drugs and increase the dissolution, responsible for hastening the onset of action. Citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and other formulation ingredients were used to formulate effervescent granules using the wet granulation method. Trachyspermum ammi seed extract was prepared in five different formulations (F1–F5), and evaluation tests for flow properties, drug content, pH, effervescence time, and dissolution studies were carried out. The outcomes demonstrated the formulated granules have good flow characteristics. The effervescent time for all five formulas is under three minutes. According to the observations, formulation F4 was found to be optimized because it has the best drug release (98.89%) and effervescent time of about 80 sec.


This study sought to find out the influence of NGO's capacity building programs on enhancement of girl's education in Rwanda. This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative data. Structured questionnaires were administered to acquire primary data whereas key informant interviews were used to acquire qualitative information and a sample size of 116 respondents was representative enough to inform the findings of the report. Rwanda has ratified several UN conventions on child rights which have enabled the design of policy frameworks that have seen an increased enrolment for both girls and boys in schools. However, as the enrolment rate for girls is higher in lower primary classes, the completion rate has been low compared to boys. Findings revealed that income generating skills were taken by many more among the respondents. Results indicated that capacity building initiatives had influence on a relative extent. However, the correlation between training and school attendance was low the opinion of respondents in which 58.5% felt it had no influence at all. 36.6% felt there was an appreciated extent of influence and this showed that capacity building had a bearing on school attendance. The role of the NGO's in ensuring girls enrolment and completion of the basic education cycle cannot be underestimated. Their contribution in capacity building for teachers and parents has been remarkably recognized. The study findings indicate that NGOs in Rwanda have played a very critical role in enhancing the girl child's education through capacity building of not only teachers but also the parents and the girls themselves. NGOs embarked on building the capacity of teachers on gender responsive methodology that helped enhance girl's participation in class. Parents' economic capacity to support the girl child's education has also been the focus of NGOs. They have also empowered girls through catch up programs that have helped spur their academic potential to competitively thrive through the different levels of the education cycle. However, 62.5% of parents indicated that they have not received any capacity building which calls on NGOs to increase focus on capacity building of parents if girl's education has to be realized. One of the key recommendations is that benefits of NGO efforts should be shared fairly among those not in need and those in need. This is indicative that more focused interventions need to be developed in the future. It was also recommended that efforts from NGOs operating in the country should be coordinated so that there is no replication. NGO should be controlled by a body that could focus on strategic and coordinated intervention initiatives so that reduplication is minimized.


F rom a physiology point of view and by its definition, the arterial tree should be one of the main – if not the ultimate – target organ of arterial hypertension. Indeed, arterial hypertension is associated with both functional and structural changes in small and large arteries, as well as, in the capillary bed [1]. These alterations include endothelial dysfunction, capillary rarefaction, arterial remodelling and stiffening [1]. Hypertension is therefore considered as a major player in the 'early vascular ageing' process as well as in advanced arterial disease [1]. In the last decades, the noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness and the use of various biomarkers have led to better stratification of the cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients and in the general population [2,3]. Therefore, individualization of antihypertensive drug treatment initiation by taking into account the level of arterial stiffness is feasible. Antihypertensive drug treatment leads to regression of arterial stiffness through functional [i.e. reduction of the distending blood pressure (BP)] and/or structural (i.e. remodelling) effects on the arterial wall [4–8]. However, evidence on the effect of long-term drug-induced BP control on the progression/regression of arterial stiffness remains very limited. Moreover, the role of the arterial stiffness in guiding long-term antihypertensive treatment has not been well studied. Significantly, recent evidence from large prospective epidemiological studies suggests that arterial stiffness, not only is a consequence of arterial hypertension, but may also antedate and predict the incidence of arterial hypertension – contributing thereby in its pathogenesis [9,10]. In this issue of the Journal, Tedla et al. [11] studied 906 hypertensive individuals and showed that effective longterm BP control was associated with a slower progression of


This paper examines, through an exploratory empirical study, how employees feel about electronic monitoring in context of the psychological contract they have with their employer. This paper expands research related to psychological contracts as no scholarly research incorporating technological monitoring and surveillance effects on the psychological contract from the employee's perspective is known to exist. After reviewing literature related to psychological contracts and relevant literature related to expectancy theory, equity theory and agency theory and the organization's right to protect itself four hypotheses are proposed. Using a survey created for the study the four hypotheses are tested using a convenience sample of employees of a small, southern academic institution. Results are then presented followed by discussion, conclusions and limitations and suggestions for further research.


Based on a model study using the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane epoxy acetates (14) and (15), an efficient one-step procedure for the selective removal of the 12,13-epoxide ring of the trichothecene mycotoxins diacetoxyscirpenol (1; R = H) and deoxynivalenol (2; R = H) has been devised. The key to success proved to be use of the lower-valent tungsten deoxygenation system of Sharpless et al.


Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising technology with many features, including having a high energy density, efficiency, lightness, and producing energy directly instead of storing it. PEM fuel cells are currently used in mobile vehicles, military applications, portable systems, stationary systems, and air-independent propulsion systems for sea and space. Elimination of the cooling problems associated with PEM fuel cells in space applications is of great importance to produce more efficient systems. With this motivation in mind, this study examined PEM fuel cell elements and cooling flow channel design for space applications. The effect of the designed flow channel on the PEM fuel cell temperature distribution was investigated. Five different PEM fuel cell cooling channels were designed and modeled computationally, and the most suitable cooling channel design was selected based on the thermal analysis. While modeling the PEM fuel cell, space environment operating conditions, pure reactant supply (oxygen and hydrogen), electrochemical reaction in the membrane, physical properties of liquid coolant, physical properties of fuel cell elements, and heat transfer in the fuel cell were considered. The temperature distribution obtained as a result of the thermal analysis was examined, and it was seen that the PEM fuel cell cooling channel design was successful in maintaining the operating temperature of the PEM fuel cell. According to the data obtained, the cooler inlet temperature is approximately 40°C and the cooler outlet temperature is approximately 75°C in flat serpentine design. These values were obtained as a result of the analysis made with a mixture of 50% ethylene glycol and 50% water selected as the liquid coolant. As a result, a fuel cell can be formed by producing a fit bipolar plate with the analyzed PEM fuel cell cooling flow channel design, and current density and homogeneity can be determined by applying single-cell performance tests to the fuel cell.


Outlines the performance of optically preamplified receivers in the presence of laser chirp. Transmission at 4 Gbit/s is examined, taking into account interaction of laser chirp with both fibre chromatic dispersion and amplifier transmission characteristics.


For a fixed, continuous, periodic kernelK, an sk-spline is a function of the form sk(x)=c0+?ni=1ciK(x?xi). In this paper we consider a generalization of the univariate sk-spline to thed-dimensional torus (d?2), and give almost optimal error estimates of the same order, in power scale, as best trigonometric approximation on Sobolev's classes inLq. An important component of our method is that the interpolation nodes are generated using number theoretic ideas.


A symbolic compaction program intended for the generation of CMOS digital cells is described. This program also performs jog insertion to improve the layout compaction and makes an estimation of the propagation delay. The compaction data structure and algorithms implemented are discussed. The jog inserter and the delay evaluation are described, and results are reported.<<ETX>>


"Theory of mind is the ability that allows us to decipher human behavior by understanding the desires, beliefs, intentions, and motivations of others and our own. It also permits us to predict others' behavior and model our own in order to act morally toward others. Moral judgment (the ability to appraise whether an intention or the outcome of an action is good or bad) involves mental state understanding, especially when detecting other's intentions. Because the relationship between theory of mind and moral judgment in early and middle childhood is far from being clearly understood, we conducted a scoping review that allowed us to advance valuable avenues for future research. Of the 34 papers initially identified in five databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ResearchGate), 20 studies were eligible and analyzed concerning their main results and the assessments used for both theory of mind and moral judgment. Most studies reported a direct relationship (one study identifying even bidirectional links) between the two variables of interest. A discussion regarding the implications and future directions is put forward to advance research in children's understanding of their worlds (internal and external) in a socio-moral way. Keywords: theory of mind, moral judgment, children, autism, scoping review "


In display advertising, advertisers rarely purchase inventory directly from publishers. Instead, they contract with intermediaries to acquire impressions on their behalf. An advertiser may choose to acquire impressions via an intermediary for technological reasons (e.g., setting up the infrastructure for trading with the advertising platforms is costly) or to attain the broadest audience possible (e.g., intermediaries may have access to exclusive inventory by partnering with publishers or other intermediaries). In practice, advertisers end up purchasing inventory via an intermediation network with multiple tiers in which intermediaries are organized in tiers according to their specialization. Along this network, every intermediary (except for the one who directly acquires impressions from the supply side) purchases impressions from an upstream intermediary. Another salient feature of the Internet advertising industry is that the intermediaries typically purchase impressions from a clearing house or an ad exchange, where potential participants submit bids, and then the winner and the payment are determined via an auction. When an impression becomes available for sale, an intermediary along the network collects bids from downstream agents, bids upstream based on these reports, and in case of winning allocates the acquired impression to a downstream agent. This is in sharp contrast with traditional manufacturer/retailer settings where intermediaries physically purchase a good to later resell to a downstream agent. In Internet advertising, intermediaries auction off contingent goods which they only purchase when downstream buyers have signaled interest. The presence of intermediaries in this industry introduces several new interesting questions.


We study higher derivative corrections to the statistical entropy function and the statistical entropy for five-dimensional Breckenridge-Myers-Peet-Vafa black holes by doing the asymptotic expansion of the partition function. This enables us to evaluate entropy for a large range of charges, even out of the Cardy (Farey tail) limit.


This manual brings the identification of each of the charges set forth in the Vestry of Lloa, which has the designation lifting profiles. Lifting profiles detailing each of the posts, within which the level of education that the person must have the knowledge, the level of security risk and therefore, the main responsibilities and activities to exercise specified, facilitating this understanding of the worker and setting a target for each job. This implementation will prevent and discard the deficiencies that appeared in the daily lives of the Vestry having no regulation or manual to follow to avoid the constant failures in the labor system.


Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.


Color image segmentation is probably the most important task in image analysis and understanding. In this paper, the authors present a novel approach to segment color images by integrating region clustering result with edge detection result. In contrast to existing region-based clustering method, the authors do not cluster all pixels in an image at one time. The authors divide clustering process into two steps. First, only cluster those reliable pixels, whose colors are not affected by shadow or highlight, to get more reasonable initial clustering results. Then the authors cluster left unreliable pixels into classes obtained in previous step or new classes. To avoid over-segmenting an image, edge detection result and spatial information are utilized to merge some neighboring regions, a significant part of whose common boundary consists of weak edges, together as a whole. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm to segment color images without any prior knowledge


Abstract : The motivation for this task comes from the needs of future hypervelocity projectile surrounded by asymmetric flow due to angle of attack and/or fins in case of kinetic energy projectile. In either case, unsteady and three-dimensional effects, large and nonuniform heat fluxes, tedious and repetitive number crunching capabilities of supercomputers dictate optimum numerical techniques and predictive critical time steps for successful and practical solutions. Finite element modeling is ideal whenever there is geometrical complexity, coatings, composite and multi materials. However, classical finite element technique yields a particular equation. There may be some finite difference schemes superior to classical finite element technique. Therefore, various finite difference schemes are derived and their characteristics are discussed applicable to transient three dimensional heat conduction problems.


The utility model discloses an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, comprising a stepping motor and a vibration exciting device, wherein a containing cavity in the shell of the vibration exciting device is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity; the first cavity is divided into a rod cavity and a rod-less cavity by the piston of a piston rod; a single-shoulder valve core with a valve sleeve is arranged in the second cavity and is connected with the main shaft of the stepping motor through a coupler; the second cavity is divided into a third cavity and a fourth cavity by the shoulder of the single-shoulder valve core; an oil returning inlet is formed on the cavity wall of the third cavity; an oil inlet is formed on the cavity wall of the fourth cavity; a first flow channel and a second flow channel are formed in the cavity wall of the containing cavity; the rod-less cavity can be communicated with the second cavity through the first flow channel; the rod cavity is communicated with the oil inlet through the second flow channel; a first groove and a second groove communicated with the first flow channel are formed on two sides of the shoulder of the single-shoulder valve core respectively at interval along a circumference direction; and an opening on the other end of the first flow channel is always communicated with one of the first groove and the second groove along with the rotation of the single-shoulder valve core.


Though revolutionary autobiography of seventeen years is a narrative of hard revolution,it is full of optimism and lucidity,which played a positive role at the time.Meanwhile,from the view of aesthetics of autobiography,the psychological description has both gains and losses,and both deficiency and breakthrough which is invaluable.


The genetic algorithm was combined with the simplex self-mapping fixed point algorithm to solve the n-dimensional closure cavity function optimization problems.Solution space of the optimization problem would be transformed as ndimensional standard simplex by homeomorphism mapping,then the vertex label information of the individual loading simplex of n-dimensional standard simplex could be calculated with K2(m) triangulation and integer label,and the coding and genetic operators were designed by vertex label information and function.When the loading simplexes of individuals were transformed into the completely labeled simplexes,the algorithm would be terminated and the approximate solution of the optimization problem would be obtained.The results of a computing example showed that the improved algorithm converged in the 6th generation, which had high global optimization form and computing efficiency.


Emissions trading is anattractive candidate for implementinggreenhouse gas mitigation, because it canpromote both efficiency and equity. Thispaper analyzes the interregional impacts ofalternative allocations of carbon dioxideemission permits within the U.S. Theanalysis is performed with the aid of anonlinear programming model for ten EPARegions and for six alternative permitdistribution formulas. The reason thatvarious alternatives need to be consideredis that there is no universal consensus onthe best definition of equity. Advanceknowledge of absolute and relative regionaleconomic impacts provides policy-makerswith a stronger basis for making thechoice. The analysis yields several usefulresults. First, the simulations indicatethat no matter how permits are allocated,this policy instrument can substantiallyreduce the cost of GHG mitigation for theU.S. in comparison to a system of fixedquotas for each of its regions. Interestingly, the welfare impacts ofseveral of the allocation formulas differonly slightly despite the large differencesin their philosophical underpinnings. Also, the results for some equity criteriadiffer greatly from their application inthe international domain. For example, theEgalitarian (per capita) criterion resultsin the relatively greatest cost burdenbeing incurred by one of the regions of theU.S. with the lowest per capita income.


Recent design studies of tokamak power reactor and related activities conducted in JAERI are presented. A design study of the SPTR (Swimming-Pool Type Reactor) concept was carried out in FY81 and FY82. The reactor design studies in the last two years focus on nuclear components, heat transport and energy conversion systems. In parallel of design studies, tokamak systems analysis code is under development to evaluate reactor performances, cost and net energy balance.


Objective The middle-aged non-manual workers' physical activity status,the characters of partial physical fitness index and the relationship between the two aspects were analyzed to provide people with early warning of "metabolic syndrome".Methods 300 persons aging 40~49 participated in the survey,including 144 male and 156 female.The long-form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) was conducted among the middle-aged non-manual workers in Suzhou City to get the conclusion of physical activity engagement status.The survey also contains the tests of height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and some derived indexes such as body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist hip ratio(WHR),blood pressure and blood glucose in this target group.Results Moderate-intensity physical activity and walk are the main manners of physical activity.The proportion of people who engage in low,mediate and high physical activity level is 35%,57% and 8% respectively.The rate of female who reached the sufficiency of physical activity(94%) is higher than that of male(89%),but the difference is not significant(P0.05).The WC(75.44±8.24cm) and WHR(0.79±0.04) of people who engage in high physical activity level are much lower than that of people who take low physical activity level(WC 80.88±5.28cm,WHR 0.84±0.05)(P0.05).Overall,the tendency of physical activity of people who owns normal BMI,WC and WHR excels quiet well,while the difference is not so evident(P0.05).On the division of blood pressure,the normal group takes a much more active part in the high intensity physical activities and walk than the group in high blood pressure do(P0.05).Conclusions The major physical activities taken by middle-aged non-manual workers' in Suzhou are activities in medium intensity and walking while the participation of the high intensity physical activities is on a low level.The overall rate of participation of the physical activities among those with good physical fitness is relatively higher.


Due to historical ground movement, increased traffic levels, and general degradation, this important road and rail bridge which provides an essential link between the interior of the country and the Port of Abidjan, required significant repair and reinforcement. This included strengthening the pre-stressed concrete box girders and replacement of the piled foundations. Replacement piles had to be adjacent to, and no longer than, the existing piles to not compromise the stability of the operational bridge during the works. The underlying geology, however, meant that the pile loads had to be predominantly transferred into the ground through end bearing. Rather than installing a greater number of piles or larger diameter piles, innovative thinking changed the usual mind-set of designing the piles to the prevailing ground conditions, to designing the ground conditions to suit the piles. Jet grouted columns were installed beneath the toes of the new piles to increase the bearing capacity of the ground. This significantly contributed to the sustainability of the project and reduced carbon emissions through saving concrete, steel, plus transportation and disposal of spoil.


This presentation explores the establishment of Chavakali Secondary school and its implications for western Kenyans during decolonization. Chavakali was a Luhya community sponsored harambee development initiative. Although this community provided the initial funds, the school required support from the United States government, Kenyan administration, and Friends Africa Mission to be sustainable. As an harambee project, the school was supposed to "pull together" various Luhya groups allowing average Luhyas the chance to participate in nation-building. For some, this project offered the promise of greater control over how their children would be developed in newly-independent Kenya. In reality, however, Chavakali became a contentious issue for its ordinary Luhya sponsors. Specifically, Maragoli Luhyas became disillusioned with the project when local authorities began their harsh campaigns to collect contributions. Disappointment increased, once the school opened and Maragoli Luhyas realized they held no real influence over Chavakali. This case study addresses the social consequences and local realities of Kenya's harambee program. It highlights the contradictions between the state's efforts to promote a grass-roots development movement and its obligations to dictate this process at the local level. Focusing on the local dynamics of harambee allows for a more nuanced understanding of Kenya's postcolonial development trajectory.


The paper presents the first laboratory measurement of the rate constant for quenching the CO2(0110) state during collisions of CO2 molecules with O atoms at temperatures realized near the Earth's mesopause. The measurement was carried out with a hollow-cathode glow discharge in the temperature range 206-358 K. The measured values are significantly smaller than those commonly used in solving the non-LTE CO2 problem for the vibrational states of the mode ν2 in the atmospheres of the Earth, Venus, and Mars. The measured temperature dependence of the rate constant is approximated by a simple relation, which is recommended for solving the above problem. The value of this rate constant is absolutely critical to remotely sense temperature, and hence also constituent densities, in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere of the Earth. The use of the new values of the rate constant significantly decreased the rate of cooling by the CO2 15-μm emission in the terrestrial lower thermosphere as compared to the previous estimates obtained for this rate. Over the most area of the Earth's surface, the maximum cooling rate occurs at an altitude of about 110 km and amounts to about 20 K/day.


The aim of the work was to provide the analysis of the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for modeling the stage of extinguishing gas discharge to a compartment, which is not taking into account in standard models. The CFD techniques may let to predict gas parameters in dependence of various conditions in a protected area. The investigations were carried out with software ANSYS Fluent 18.2, using Realizable k-ε model and SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical model was validated using experimental data. The subject of the study were standard and newly proposed inert gases. The results showed that adequate selection of input parameter let to simulate the gas discharge stage with high accuracy. The numerical results have a good agreement with the experimental results. The conclusions provide recommendations for the gas discharge prediction based on CFD technique.


Summary In thisarticle, we reviewthe criteria usedtoestablish acausal association. A literature search strategy will beoutlined. We presenta clinical scenario thatwas formulatedto examine the evidence fornonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugsasapossible causeofgastrointestinal ulcerationandbleeding. Several ofthestudies identified in theliterature searchwere critically appraisedand the criteria neededto confirma causallinkwere thenapplied. Theseguidelines may be employedtonotonlydemonstrate the aetiology ofa disease buthave widerapplicability intermsof determining whethera medicationmay be causingcertain adverse events.


Soft-X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to characterize the Gd/GaAs(100)-interface formation at room temperature. At low Gd coverage (<1 A), the interface is near-abrupt, because no evidence of reaction is observed. With increasing Gd coverage, photoemission signals from chemically reacted product at the interface are observed, causing some intermixing between the overlayer and the substrate. For As atoms, they remain near the interface and have little diffusion. Ga atoms, however, are not kept near the interface, and they can diffuse into the Gd overlayer and segregate onto the surface instead. From the observed variations with metal coverage of binding energies and relative intensities of photoemission signals from the reacted layer, a profile of the interface structure is proposed, and some parameters (decaying length, segregation density and solution density, etc.) have been obtained. The results show that the deposition of Gd onto the GaAs(100) surface induces limited substrate disruption except for some diffusion and segregation of Ga atoms into the metal overlayer. This paper demonstrates that the disruption and epitaxial growth are not mutually exclusive in the Gd/GaAs(100) system.


A substrate processing apparatus comprising first and second transfer chamber for exchanging one or more substrates with the first and second transfer chamber by respective first and second load lock chamber, and located on the It means for transferring one or more substrates to the first and second substrate transport unit between the load lock chamber and second load lock chamber.


Over three-quarters of the present-day population of the Western Hemisphere are descended from people who crossed the Atlantic to settle there during the last five centuries. World historian Patrick Manning draws the larger global exent of the enslavement of Africans and forced migration to the New World following initial capture and transportation. He emphasizes the importance of tobacco and sugar production in the slave trade within the Americas from 1700 to 1850. This broad, diverse, and long-lived human relocation helped to reshape the global economy, and studies of it have furthered the theoretical and practical understanding of modern mass migration generally.

Keywords:

empire;
slavery;
Atlantic world;
racism;
economics;
imperialism;
violence;
labor supply


Bringing foreign workers to South Africa to plug the chronic skills shortage is a notoriously difficult and costly exercise. Now SARS want to levy fringe benefits tax on the costs incurred by employers to obtain work permits for their expats.


The invention relates to a coaxial double-layer gas injection well mouth device, which mainly solves the problems that the traditional conventional water injection well mouth has large difficulty in measuring and adjustment during gas injection and imbalanced injecting amount of various layers. The device is characterized in that the upper part of an upper layer oil pipe four-way (2) is connected with a lower layer oil pipe four-way (6); the internal part of a lower layer oil pipe four-way (5) is provided with a lower layer oil pipe hanger (6); the lower part of the lower layer oil pipe hanger (6) is connected with a lower layer oil pipe (11); an upper layer oil pipe (10) is arranged outside the lower layer oil pipe (11), and an annular space is formed between the upper layer oil pipe (10) and the lower layer oil pipe (11); an upper layer production valve (7) is connected to the side face of the middle part of the lower layer oil pipe four-way (5); the upper part of the lower layer oil pipe four-way (5) is connected with a production tree (8); and a lower layer production valve (9) is connected to the side face of the production tree (8). The coaxial double-layer gas injection well mouth device has the characteristics that gas can be injected in a layered manner and the gas injection amount can be controlled.


Abstract This article discusses cycling zone separations for the reader not already familiar with cyclic separations. Two models, the counter-current distribution model and the local equilibrium model, are developed in depth and used to explain and predict both single component and multi-component separations. Both the direct mode and traveling wave mode of operation are treated. Experimental results utilizing both temperature and concentration as thermodynamic variables are presented and compared with theoretical predictions for single component separations. Conditions for good separations in both single component and multi-component systems are outlined. Some of the experimental results have not been previously presented.


A water system (1) comprises a series of biological reaction cells (10) for performing water treatment on the basis of the activated sludge method that have an aerobic cell (5) in which an aeration device (9) is disposed; a first ammonia gauge (32) for measuring the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the activated sludge of the aeration cell (5); a second ammonia gauge (33) for measuring the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the treated water after treatment in the series of biological reaction cells (10); an aeration calculation part for producing the standard operating volume of the aeration device (9); and an aeration control part for controlling the amount of aeration of the aeration device (9) on the basis of the standard operating volume. The aeration calculation part produces standard operating volume signals on the basis of the difference between the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the activated sludge mixture of the aerobic cell (5) and the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration setting for the activated sludge mixture of the aerobic cell (5) that has been adjusted in response to the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the treated water.


THE NAVAJO NATION COMMUNITY HEALTH REPRESENTATIVE (CHR) Program was established in 1968 by the Navajo Nation Tribal Council. The duties and responsibilities of CHRs are similar to the duties of other community health workers. It is a wonderful program that really benefits communities and depends on CHRs. We live in the communities where we work. We care for many people with many types of diseases. We are the ones who have to believe change is possible and work with patients to make healthy change a reality. This job requires us to wear a lot of hats. We are required to have a certified nursing assistant, cardio pulmonary resuscitation certification, first responder training, food handler certification, and a public health certification.


Pasteurized skim milk was microfiltered (0.2-μm membrane) on a system equipped to provide uniform transmembrane pressure of 262 kPa (inlet:outlet pressure differential of 138 kPa, and crossflow velocity of 7.5 m/s). Retentates were gradually acidified to pH 6.6, 6.3, and 6.0 with glucono-delta-lactone during processing to promote solubilization of micelle-bound colloidal minerals into the serum phase of milk for subsequent transfer into permeate. Compositional characteristics of highly concentrated skim milk retentates (concentration factor 8 to 9) and composited permeates were determined to quantify retention and permeation of whey protein and Ca at specified pH conditions and to evaluate the suitability of retentate for cheese making. Final retentates contained an average 27.7% total solids, 20.2% total protein, 17.9% casein, 2.2% whey protein, 4.9% lactose, 2.3% ash, 0.62% Ca, and 0.4% fat. Dry basis retentate Ca and whey protein content significantly differed with pH level and contained 2.8, 2.4, and 1.9 weight percentage of Ca; and 7.2, 7.7, and 8.1 weight percentage of whey protein at pH levels of 6.6, 6.3, and 6.0, respectively. Microfiltration at pH 6.0, as compared with pH 6.6, reduced retentate Ca content by 20.1% but whey protein content was 12.6% higher. Retentate and butter oil were used to produce Mozzarella cheese with a normal Ca content and partial whey protein incorporation. Skim milk microfiltration, combined with in-process pH adjustment, is a useful method to produce highly concentrated retentate reduced in Ca and whey protein content with good potential for cheese manufacture.


In this issue of African Health Sciences, we bring you diverse topics ranging from determinants of infant survival, to hernias and genes.


The root causes of the high voltage (HV) LDMOS (Fig. 2) failed at the low voltage electrostatic-discharge (ESD) zap is found. One is caused by the bulk layout and one is caused by the intrinsic characteristic of the device. From the findings, a new structure is proposed to eliminate the root causes without sacrificing the IV characteristics and dimension of the device.


The present invention discloses a method of realizing voice verification codes. The present invention is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a system for realizing voice verification codes, wherein the system comprises the mechanisms of voice verification pages; a database for storing voice verification codes; a voice output mechanism; a verification mechanism; step 2, realizing voice verification by using the system of voice verification codes, comprising procedures that when a user sends an access request, the database extracts a group of character assemblies randomly and sends them to the verification mechanism, and sends the corresponding voice files to a front-end of the user; a user input a character string through a keyboard, and if the character string is the same with the character assembly, the user passes the verification. Remarkable effects of the present invention comprises that, the a user having a vision disorder can input verification codes by using the method, which assures network safety, prevents actions of vicious program attack, vicious registration of users and the like, and making the network more humanized and barrier-free.


This study aims to describe the shape and use of pronouns in the Sasak dialect of Selaparang. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results show that pronouns in Sasak language are divided into three, namely pronouns persona consisting of singular and plural forms, pronoun pointers, and pronouns of the questioner. The use of pronouns in the Sasak dialect of Selaparang in Montong Meong hamlet depends on the social class and the age of the speakers and the opponents of his speech, except the pronouns of the first person plural, the pronouns of the singular and plural third persons, and the pronoun introgative used in all elements of society.


This Research was sponsored by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. M. H. Brooker has been a Canadian National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow. $^{1}$J. B. Bates and M. H. Brooker, J. Phys. and Chemi. Solids, In press (1971).""


The aim of the present work was to synthesize polyindole based NiO-MgO nanocomposite, to study the factors affecting photocatalytic process and also to find out the optimal conditions that could be used in this process. The synthesized material was characterized using SEM, EDAX and XRD. The study also investigates the applicability of the nanocomposite as an antimicrobial agent. Keywords—Nanocomposite, conducting polymer, photocatalyst, photocatalysis, antimicrobial agent


The structured collection of rules, procedures, actions and recommendations that define the objectives and allocation of responsibilities at different hierarchical levels of a company are aimed at the prevention of occupational risks, to ensure the management of the elements that influence different processes.
In the metalworking companies primarily in the areas of production there is much disorganization with materials, work inputs left haphazardly, this is why there is no signaling must go where the materials.
No safe handling of materials, workers know the danger but do not take any precautions, in the cellars there a good supply of gloves, bibs, in the metalworking section, and at all times they are manipulating sheets cutting tool, this is due to the lack of a culture of risk prevention work
This research was aimed to develop a proposal for the creation of a management consulting firm and prevention of occupational risks for mechanical metal companies Quevedo Canton.
To achieve this objective a situational to the importance, influence and management of occupational risks within the metalworking industry diagnosis was made, the production lines was assessed in various production processes, to determine the actual need to hire the consulting service for the prevention of occupational risks.


Bierig SM., Mikolajczak P., Herrmann SC., Elmore N., et al. Comparison of myocardial contrast echocardiography derived myocardial perfusion reserve with invasive determination of coronary flow reserve European Journal of Echocardiography 2009, 10:250–255. Bjallmark A., Larsson M., Shahgaldi K., Lind B., et al. Differences in myocardial velocities during supine and upright exercise stress echocardiography in healthy adults Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2009, 29: 216–223.


Abstract In this paper, a new identification method for large interconnected systems is presented. A string of systems which all have a full state-space parametrization is considered. The proposed method optimizes the Output-Error of the lifted system by using a structure exploiting Steepest-Descent method. It is shown that the computational drawback inherent to large interconnected systems can be efficiently managed by using Sequentially Semi-Separable (SSS) matrix operations. Finally, a numerical example is presented in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Clinical observations and in vitro experiments indicate the interaction of bacteria and C. albicans, with special emphasis on the latter micro-organism, to be essentially a competition, with the glucose concentration as an important factor.


Pituitary levels of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) were measured in rats exposed to 12.5 days of spaceflight (FLT) as well as ground-based controls, one group synchronously maintained in flight-type cages with similar feeding schedules (SYN), and one group in vivarium cages (VIV). Flight rats had significantly less (p less than 0.05) pituitary OT and AVP(1.10 plus or minus 0.04 and 1.69 plus or minus 0.07 micron g, n=5) than either the SYN(1.60 plus or minus 0.08 and 2.11 plus or minus 0.04 micron g, n=5) or VIV (1.54 plus or minus 0.03 and 2.10 plus or minus 0.09 micron g, n=5) control groups, respectively. Because the FLT group mean body weight was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than either control group, the pituitary hormone content was also calculated on the basis of posterior pituitary protein content. When calculated in this manner, pituitary OT in the FLT rats (5.09 plus or minus 0.15 micron g/mg protein) was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than SYN(7.66 plus or minus 0.39 micron g/mg protein) or VIV controls (8.11 plus or minus 0.64 micron g/mg protein). Pituitary AVP was also less in the FLT animals (7.80 plus or minus 0.13 micron g/mg protein) compared to either SYN(9.84 plus or minus 0.51, p less than 0.05) or VIV controls (11.01 plus or minus 0.76, p less than 0.05). The reduced levels of pituitary OT and AVP may have resulted from increased hormone secretion resulting from the combined effects of water deprivation and the stress of the novel microgravity environment.


A plastic adherent variant line (ESb-M) of a highly invasive and metastatic murine T cell lymphoma (ESb) was found to have lost its metastatic potential while still being tumorigenic in normal syngeneic hosts. The variant retained most of its ESb-derived antigenic and biochemical characteristics but differed at binding sites for certain lectins with specificity for terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues. Whereas such sites were masked by sialic acid on metastatic ESb cells, they became unmasked on the adherent variant line. Metastatic revertants of ESb-M cells did not express the respective lectin receptor sites because these were again masked by sialic acid. It is suggested that the masking of specific lectin receptors sites on the tumor cell surface is of crucial importance for metastatis. If freely exposed, these sites may change adherence characteristics of the cells possibly not only in vitro (to plastic) but also in vivo.


The main aim of the study is to discuss the transportation function of calcium ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) of muscle in models of different endurance trainings.Method: 34 2-month-old pure-blood male SD rats are divided to groups randomly.Increasing endurance load treadmill exercises are used.Reduced intensity is used when reaching the criteria of endurance training.A fluorescence spectrophotometer technology is used to reflect function of calcium ion pump and RyR1 receptor in SR of muscle in experimental objects.Results: Function of calcium ion pump and RyR1 receptor in SR of muscle,compare to control group,the endurance group is shown remarkable increase(p0.01).Over 4 weeks reduced training,the function of calcium ion pump and RyR1 receptor in SR of muscle is remarkable decreased(p0.01).Conclusions: Function of calcium ion pump and RyR1 receptor can increase after endurance training.There is obvious decrease of that after 4-week reduced training.


The 24-inch pipe line, the Big Inch, will transport 300,000 barrels of crude petroleum 1,400 miles daily from the heart of Texas oil fields to the Eastern Seaboard. The new 20-inch refined-products line is 150 miles longer and has a capacity of 235,000 barrels per day of refined products. Power supply, substations, motors, and controls of the operating equipment, as well as high lights of the construction problems are discussed in this article by an outstanding authority on electrical problems associated with oil pipe lines.


Two cross-national experimental studies examined the effects of PeaceMaker and Global Conflicts on knowledge acquisition and attitude change regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. PeaceMaker and Global Conflicts are role-playing computerized simulations of this conflict. 248 undergraduate students from Turkey, Israel, Palestine and the US participated in the two studies. They filled in questionnaires measuring knowledge and attitudes before and after playing the games. Results suggested stronger effects in knowledge acquisition and attitude change for secondary/third parties (i.e., Turks and Americans) compared to directly involved parties (i.e., Israeli-Jews and Palestinians). Yet effects in attitude change and perspective taking were limited for the Global Conflicts Game. The variation in the results obtained from different national contexts indicates the importance of context in learning from simulations, particularly important for the pedagogy and learning scholarship in the context of peacebuilding. The effect of context on learning from simulations should encourage scholars of experiential teaching and learning in conflictual contexts to direct their attention to exploring the contingencies of effectiveness for simulations, rather than adopting dichotomous research questions that ask whether simulations are useful or not. Yet the game characteristics may be crucial in determining whether the players gain the perspective of both sides or not.


Nowadays, the information-technology industry is one of the most masculine and asymmetrical in the world labor market. The fact of having male workers in more prestigious and highly paid positions is proved, while female workers are more represented in low-profitable sectors of the economy (healthcare, education, social services, etc.). The article is aimed at researching the status of gender inequality in the IT sphere in the labor market of both Ukraine and the world by means of modeling tools. The publication analyzes the current status of gender segregation of labor in the sphere of information technology worldwide and in Ukraine. The relevance of the research on the process of functioning of companies engaged in foreign economic activity is substantiated. Using statistics of the most technological companies in the world (Amazon, Microsoft, etc.) it is proved that the average share of women in the companies comprises 30-40% of all employees. Gender inequality, as it has been proven, harms the business of companies around the world. Replacing female employees who resigned from a job because of the inability to build a career increases business costs and slows down the activities of individual projects and/or companies in general. At present, most large international companies deliberately perceive the need to achieve gender equilibrium among their employees. Despite numerous measures that have a positive impact on the involvement of women in the IT market, there are factors in the global labor market that increase gender discrimination, as emphasized in the article. Economic-mathematical models of the process are built up using multiple regression with panel data. With the help of the appropriate criteria, the quality of the built up models has been proven. Economic interpretation of the results is provided. Prospects for further research in this direction are described.


ABLE (Adult Basic and Literacy Education or Adult Basic Learning and Education) has become more acceptable among international policy-makers, and thus more legitimate among national policy-makers in the South, than it was a decade ago after the Jomtien Conference on Education for All.


The paper considers issues of regulatory support of high-speed railway transport safety, analyses international experience and provides conclusions regarding Russia's practices.


Flight flutter testing is an integral part of flight envelope clearance. This paper discusses advancements in several areas that are being investigated to improve efficiency and safety of flight test programs. Results are presented from recent flight testing of the F/A-18 Systems Research Aircraft. A wingtip excitation system was used to generate aeroelastic response data. This system worked well for many flight conditions but still displayed some anomalies. Wavelet processing is used to analyze the flight data. Filtered transfer functions are generated that greatly improve system identification. A flutter margin is formulated that accounts for errors between a model and flight data. Worst-case flutter margins are computed to demonstrate the flutter boundary may lie closer to the flight envelope than previously estimated. This paper concludes with developments for a distributed flight analysis environment and on-line health monitoring.


Aim of the study was to analyze the course of coronavirus pneumonia in patients with pneumomediastinum. Material and methods. The study included 139 patients, 71 of whom developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum against the background of coronavirus pneumonia. Laboratory, clinical and radiological data were analyzed and compared. Results. The relationship between the severity of viral pneumonia (3rd–4th degree of severity according to MSCT) and pneumomediastinum was revealed. It was found that spontaneous mediastinal emphysema in patients with COVID-19 signifcantly more often leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and can be a predictor of negative prognosis of the disease outcome. Conclusions. Pneumomediastinum in patients with viral pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus infection is a predictor of severe disease and poor prognosis. With an increase in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema without pneumothorax, it is recommended to perform mediastinotomy according to Razumovsky's indications, and in case of clinically signifcant concomitant pneumothorax – drainage and revision of the mediastinum.


A sensory cancellation effect is presumed to result when participants move 'congruently' during a visual discrimination task. Indirect evidence for this has been shown (Miall et al., 2006), but in this study, only background stimuli were incongruent/ congruent, the target stimuli were always movement incongruent. Therefore, we manipulated target and stimulus-movement congruency during arm flexion/ extension movements. Congruent stimuli were directionally in-phase. Incongruent stimuli were directionally anti-phase, AP or random. Nine participants responded to a change in colour of hand images. Voice RTs were recorded from trials lasting ~200 s (~20 RTs). RTs were faster when the stimuli were sequential vs. random, when not moving. This effect was magnified during movement (Stim x Move, p = .01). Of interest was a Stimulus x Target Congruency interaction ( p Acknowledgments: Research supported by NSERC grant (Nicola Hodges)


This paper firstly makes a brief introduction to the setup of the exchange institution and legal responsililties of the exchange specification regulated by German Exchange Law.Then it points out the main existential defects in the regulations related to the institution,legal supervision,and legal responsibilities of the exchange specification in the current Chinese Securities Law. The article finally states the legal system of Chinese securities market should make improvements in its institutions and exchange specifications


To the Editor:The hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease is a hereditary disorder characterized by the inactivation of 3 α-globin genes caused by deletions (SEA; 3.7;4.2) and point mutations (CS; QS), leading to an excess of the β-globin chain within the erythrocytes that forms the β-tetramer, also known as Hb


How do individuals escape embarrassing moments in interaction? Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and video recordings of weekly street corner ciphers (impromptu rap sessions), this paper expands Goffman's theory of defensive and protective face-work. The findings reveal formulaic and indirect dimensions of face-work. First, this paper shows how individuals use prescripted techniques and other canned resources to overcome embarrassing gaffes in interaction. Specifically, rappers use "writtens" (prewritten rhymes) when they are close to "falling off," a local term for messing up and stopping abruptly during a "freestyle" (improvised) rap performance. Second, this paper describes how shared pressures to sustain an interaction can lead to collateral face-saving. In the cipher, surrounding peers "jump in" and begin rapping when somebody else falls off. Although this protects the person who is falling off from embarrassment, it is often done to "keep the flow going" in the cipher. At the end, this paper also outlines situations in which individuals withhold face protection from others. These findings point to other social situations in which individuals escape embarrassment with canned resources and through collateral face-saving.


Abstract It is shown that a soluble-by-finite product G = AB of a nilpotent-by-noetherian group A and a noetherian group B is nilpotentby- noetherian. Moreover, a bound for the torsion-free rank of the Fitting factor group of G is given, in terms of the torsion-free rank of the Fitting factor group of A and the torsion-free rank of B.


A delayed critical experiment was performed with two 38.10-cm-diam, {approximately}7.62-cm-thick unmoderated and unreflected uranium metal cylinders to study the interaction of two loosely coupled large flat cylinders. Previously tightly coupled, two component uranium metal assemblies of 27.93-cm-diam cylinders had been assembled to delayed criticality and the results reported. For this experiment, the uranium metal density was 18.75 g U/cm{sup 3}, and the enrichment was 93.15 wt% {sup 235}U. The two right circular cylinders were coaxial and separated 1.3 m; thus the fractional solid angle subtended by one cylinder as seen from the other is {approximately}5 X 10{sup -3}. This delayed critical configuration is a useful experiment for assessing the convergence of Monte Carlo calculations of the neutron multiplication factor because it is a very loosely coupled system, a problem that has been designated as {open_quotes}k{sub eff} of the world{close_quotes}. The neutron multiplication factor of one of the interacting cylinders is 0.994, and the solid angle seen by the other cylinder is such that very few neutrons starting in one cylinder reach the other cylinder. This assembly was configured on a vertical assembly machine in the east cell of the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility in 1965 and was unreported untilmore » this paper. The east cell of this facility is a 10.6- x 10.6- x 9.1-m room with thick concrete walls. The lower cylinder of this assembly was located 3.5 m from the 1.5-m-thick west wall, 3.9 m from the 0.61-m-thick north wall, and 2.8 m above the concrete floor. The calculation of two such loosely coupled cylinders by Monte Carlo methods can be a problem because the interaction between cylinders is so small.« less


In this paper, charge transfer reactions which remove the identity of ions are discussed in detail in terms of their value to upper atmospheric research. For reactions involving Ca+ ions, it is found that the energy defects are large, but for H+ the defects are generally small, so that when these latter ions have practically lost all their energy the reactions are most probable to occur. As in the case of protons, Ca+ ions, in collision with atmospheric gases, are expected to excite certain Ca lines and also certain lines and bands of atmospheric gases.

It is shown that by means of the charge transfer reactions it is possible to derive both the ratio of the density of O+ to the O+2 ions and the effective recombination coefficient for the F layer. However, for nearly all other reactions, it is found that the low energy ions present in the ionized layers of the atmosphere have low cross-sections.


This report describes a set of experiments intended for the optimization of a block Lanczos based algorithm, for the solution of large, sparse, symmetric generalized eigen-problems. The algorithm examined is implemented with a shift-invert operator, using a dynamic shift to slice the eigenvalue spectrum. However, such a shift strategy is application dependent, since it is related to the number of solutions required, the computational costs, the convergence rates and the approximate eigenvalue distribution computed. Our objective is to examine the vector generation process, trying to speed it up by using appropriate basic linear algebra kernels. The fundamentals of the algorithm and the most important points in terms of computational eeort are rst revised. Then, their performances are examined by a simulation of diierent problem dimensions and block sizes. The experiments are performed on high performance workstations and shared memory multiprocessors. Finally, some current applications are discussed, as well as subjects for future work.


We compare the set of local galaxies having dynamically measured black holes with a large, unbiased sample of galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We confirm earlier work showing that the majority of black hole hosts have significantly higher velocity dispersions ? than local galaxies of similar stellar mass. We use Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate the effect on black hole scaling relations if this bias arises from the requirement that the black hole sphere of influence must be resolved to measure black hole masses with spatially resolved kinematics. We find that this selection effect artificially increases the normalization of the Mbh–? relation by a factor of at least ?3; the bias for the Mbh–Mstar relation is even larger. Our Monte Carlo simulations and analysis of the residuals from scaling relations both indicate that ? is more fundamental than Mstar or effective radius. In particular, the Mbh–Mstar relation is mostly a consequence of the Mbh–? and ?–Mstar relations, and is heavily biased by up to a factor of 50 at small masses. This helps resolve the discrepancy between dynamically based black hole–galaxy scaling relations versus those of active galaxies. Our simulations also disfavour broad distributions of black hole masses at fixed ?. Correcting for this bias suggests that the calibration factor used to estimate black hole masses in active galaxies should be reduced to values of fvir ? 1. Black hole mass densities should also be proportionally smaller, perhaps implying significantly higher radiative efficiencies/black hole spins. Reducing black hole masses also reduces the gravitational wave signal expected from black hole mergers.


In the title polymeric compound, {[Zn2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)2]·2C4H9NO}n, each of the terephthalate dianions uses both carboxylate ends to bridge a pair of water-coordinated ZnII atoms [Zn⋯Zn = 2.9527 (4) A] into a two-dimensional square-grid motif. One of the dianions lies on a special position of site symmetry \overline{1}, whereas the other lies on a general position. Each grid cavity contains two N,N-dimethylacetamide molecules.


The study was conducted in North Eastern Hill (NEH) region of India during 2018-2020.Multistage sampling technique was adopted. Sikkim was selected purposively as the controlstate and Nagaland was selected based on the highest area and production under pulses. 60respondents each from organic adopter and non-adopter were selected making a total samplesize of 120. The growth rate in area, production and productivity at the world, India andNEH states were found to be positive. However, higher growth rate were observed forthe NEH region. Significance difference was observed only on cost of fertilizers. The totalcost of rice bean cultivation was lower in organic adopter by 1.71 per cent. The averageyield was significantly higher for the organic adopter. The gross income and net incomewere also higher for the organic adopter. Organic farming was found to be more profitableand it can enhance the farmer's income. Allocative efficiency indicates that all the resourcesused in the region need to be increase so as to achieve the maximum potential yield andhenceforth increase the returns.


An energy-efficient 5Gb/s baseband (BB) transceiver for three-dimensional (3D) memory interconnect is introduced. The proposed transceiver exploits low power and high-speed output driver and through-silicon via (TSV), very short vertical interconnects, to improve I/O memory interface performance and power consumption. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is utilized to model 3D TSV interconnects and generate S-parameters. To validate the proposed architecture, the design is simulated in a $0.13\mu\mathrm{m}$ CMOS processor. The outcomes reveal that the proposed architecture attains 5Gb/s/pin at 6.1mW and improves energy efficiency.


The compounds CaCuP(As), SrCuP(As), SrAgP(As) and EuCuAs were prepared and investigated by X-ray methods. They are isotypic and crystallize in a modified Ni2In structure (space group P 63/mmc-D6h1) with the lattice constants: CaCuP a = 405.5(1) pm, c = 780.3(3) pm, CaCuAs a = 418.4(1) pm, c = 786.8(2) pm, SrCuP a = 414.6(1) pm, c = 837.6(3) pm, SrCuAs a = 427.3(2) pm, c = 845.2(3) pm, EuCuAs a = 425.4(2) pm, c = 827.4(3) pm, SrAgP a = 440.9(1) pm, c = 823.0(3) pm, SrAgAs a = 452.9(1) pm, c = 829.1(2) pm.


This paper deals with non binary repeated restricted burst errors. In this paper lower and upper bounds on the number of parity check digits needed for a linear code having the capability to correct the repeated restricted bursts are presented. Restricted bursts are introduced by Tyagi and Lata [11] for non binary case over GF(3). By a restricted burst of length l or less we mean a vector whose all the non zero components are confined to some l consecutive positions, the first and the last of which is nonzero with a restriction that all the non zero consecutive positions contain same field element. For example in non binary case for q = 3,n = 3 and l = 2, we have the following vectors of length 2 or less 110, 220, 011, 022, 100, 010, 001, 200, 020, 002.


Measurement of the differential Drell-Yan cross sections in the dimuon channel is presented. It is based on proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, and the integrated luminosity of the data is 2.8 /fb. The differential cross section in the dilepton mass range from 15 to 3000 GeV is measured and corrected to the full phase space and the detector acceptance. These measurements are compared to higher order perturbative QCD predictions and show good agreement with the predictions.


An analytical understanding of user response to advertisements published in social media websites is very interesting from both academic and marketing perspectives. Present research administers two studies; study 1; explores user perceptions of advertisements in four areas of social media, viz. social networking Facebook, business networking LinkedIn, microblogging Twitter and video sharing YouTube dependent to their demographic and lifestyle characteristics, study 2; empirically identifies is there any significant mean difference with the perceived advertising value and attitude across the four social media websites. The data culled from 710 usable responses were used to empirically examine the objectives of this research. The decision tree technique classification tree using CHAID criterion and MANOVA was employed to study 1 and study 2 respectively. The results identified that; the four sites showed differing patterns of user attitude towards advertisements published in them b both advertising value and attitude compositely differ across the four social media websites.


Social assistance system is an important part of modern social security system. Since the republic of China was founded, our country′s social assistance system has made great progress. But, at present, no matter compared to our society′s development or some western developed country′s social assistance system, we must further improve and perfect our country′s social assistance system. In the first part of this paper, it mainly discusses our social assistance system′s frame, and in the rest of this paper, it explores some problems of this system and puts forward some suggestions about how to improve and perfect this system.


PURPOSE: To provide a drawing apparatus in which a bad beam is surely eliminated.CONSTITUTION: A multi-charged particle beam drawing apparatus includes: an aperture member for forming a multi-beam when some charged particle beams pass through a plurality of apertures, respectively; a plurality of first blankers for performing blanking deflection of corresponding beams respectively, out of the multi-beam passed through the plurality of apertures of the aperture member; a plurality of second blankers for deflecting a bad beam, out of the multi-beam passed through the plurality of apertures of the aperture member, in a direction orthogonal to a deflection direction of the plurality of first blankers; a blanking aperture member for shielding each beam deflected so as to be a beam off state by at least one of the plurality of first blankers and the plurality of second blankers; and a detection unit for detecting the bad beam, out of the multi-beam passed through the plurality of apertures of the aperture member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


The twenty papers that are included in this special section explore applications of information theoretic methods to emerging data science problems. In particular, the papers cover a wide range of topics that can broadly be organized into four themes: (1) data acquisition, (2) data analysis and processing, (3) statistics and machine learning, and (4) privacy and fairness.


The invention discloses a special ink-jet printing ink for a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) cable and a preparation method. Every 100 parts of ink-jet printing ink consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60-90 parts of organic solvent mixed liquid, 2-15 parts of coloring agent, 0.1-6 parts of pigment wetting dispersion resin, 1-6 parts of viscosity adjusting resin, 0.1-6 parts of anti-alcohol resin, 0.5-1.5 parts of conductive agent and 0.05-5 parts of auxiliary. The ink-jet printing ink disclosed by the invention has multiple good characteristics of no nozzle blockage, rare ink accumulation at a spray head, easiness in cleaning, good stability, high adhesion, plasticizer resistance, alcohol resistance and the like.


In order to monitor force and power produced during a weight exercise a simple computer based system has been designed. Utilizing Newton's laws of mechanics the actual force while lifting the weight can be derived by multiplying mass and acceleration. Thelatter is being obtained as a derivation of velocity registered by means of a sensor mechanically coupled with a barbell. Multiplying the force and velocity provides the actual value of power. The system provides on-line graphical and digital data and calculates mean and maximalvalues separately for the eccentric and concentric phase. Monitoring the basic biomechanical parameter during repetitions with stepwise increasing weights up to LRM performed with maximal effort in the concentric phase provides data to draw individual force-velocity and power-velocity curves. These allow the estimation of strength and powerat different velocities as a basis for a more sports specific assessmentof strength abilities.


1,2,3,4 UG Student, M.E.S. College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra,India 5Dept. Of Computer Engineering, M.E.S College of Engineering,Pune,Maharahtra,India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Bug triage means to transfer a new bug to expertise developer. The manual bug triage allocation process is opulent in time and poor in accuracy. There is a need to automatize the bug triage process. In order to automate the bug triage process, text classification techniques are applied using stopword removal and stemming. In the proposed paper, NB-Classifiers is used to predict the appropriate developers to whom the particular bug can be allocated. The data reduction techniques like instance selection and keyword selection are used to obtain bug report and words related to bugs. The proposed system will predict only those developers who are expertise in solving the particular bug. The status of bug will be tracked by the proposed system and if the bug is solved then the bug status will be updated as solved in the database. The solves bug will not be allocated to any developer in the future but if a particular developer fails to solve the bug then the bug will be allocated to another set of appropriate developers. The proposed system is built with intention to suggest or recommend the bug and not to manually assign it to any developer randomly. The proposed system will provide an efficient window to handle real time crisis that come up during project development lifecycle.


This invention relates to process and apparatus for producing polyamide. The process comprises: feeding molten hexanolactam, TiO2 and benzoic acid, filtering, polymerizing, granulating, extracting anddrying to obtain the product. The apparatus is composed of a feeding system, a post-polymerizing column, an extracting column, and a drying column, and is automatically controlled by DCS. The hosepipe in the post-polymerizing column increases the heat-exchange surface and ensures uniform heating. The water-sealing upper tank increases the pressure on the slices at the top of the extraction column, and prevents the boiling of the slices. Large pores are uniformly distributed on the cone body of the slice extraction distributor to release bubbles. The extraction water temperature has gradient distribution, thus can well extract both slice monomer and slice oligoer. The drying column utilizes high temperature and low nitrogen flow drying, thus can avoid blockage and well distribute the slices. The drying column has a high volume, thus can prolong the stay time pf the slices, increase the wind amount, effectively control viscosity increase of the solid phase, and improve the quality of the slices.