Monoclonal antibodies MRC‐OX6 and MRC‐OX3 were used to define biosyntheti‐cally inter‐related subsets of I‐A‐equivalent class II molecules from Lewis rat spleen cells. MRC‐OX6 was shown to recognize specifically multiple forms of the class II molecule arising along its maturation pathway from the origin of polypeptide chain synthesis, the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, through the Golgi compartment to the plasma membrane. Three MRC‐OX6‐reactive polypeptide chain complexes were distinguished: (a) an early complex composed of immature components of the polymorphic α, β heterodimer in noncovalent association with immature proteins of the invariant γ‐chain group p40, p33 (γ), p28, p20; (b) a biosynthetic intermediate comprising the subunits α,β and γ all of them being extensively glycosylated and sialy‐lated. The latter constituent is referred to as p36; (c) a cell surface structure consisting of the mature α, β heterodimer devoid of the mature invariant chain p36. A two‐dimensional (2D) separation pattern exhibited by an MRC‐OX6‐specific immunoprecipitate from spleen cells labeled for 4 h represents a superposition of these three MRC‐OX6‐reactive polypeptide chain complexes. In contrast, MRC‐OX3 recognizes exclusively a fully mature aα,β heterodimer devoid of protein precursor forms and devoid of any invariant chains. Considering the previous observation that the respective α and β subunits of MRC‐OX6 and MRC‐OX3‐specific molecules comigrate on 2D O'Farrell gels combined with the data of this investigation, it is suggested that the mature MRC‐OX6‐specific α,β heterodimer and the mature MRC‐OX3‐specific α,β heterodimer originate from the same biosynthetic intermediate. We propose that before entering the plasma membrane an MRC‐OX6‐reactive molecule composed of fully glycosylated α,β and p36 releases its post‐translationally processed γ chain (p36), giving rise to two conformation isomers, one α,β heterodimer still being reactive with MRC‐OX6 and one α,β heterodimer which has lost the serologic MRC‐OX6 and gained the MRC‐OX3 specificity. Both α,β heterodimers are expressed on the cell surface as two distinct subsets of I‐A‐equivalent class II molecules.


This paper shows the results of the numerical simulations carried out on a discounted cash flow-based enterprise valuation model created by the authors. It describes all the steps of a Monte Carlo type simulation in estimating equity capital value of an issuer listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). Simulated random variables had a great impact on the output variables. Input random variables were characterized by distribution functions deemed appropriate and by moments of order of I and II, obtained from historical data. The operating revenues distribution function is uniform and symmetrical around the estimated values, cantered on these values with a variation of +- 20%. This function was also considered adequate for the variation in the percentage of the net working capital (NWC) in operating revenues. For non-operating assets a Gaussian distribution function and for the Enterprise Value/Earnings Before Interest, Taxes Depreciation and Amortization multiple (EV/EBITDA) an asymmetric triangular distribution function were used, based on multiples of the median values that are characteristic of the enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE ). One single output variable, i.e. the equity capital market value, was selected. The case study concluded with an analysis of the results obtained by simulation.


A method for determining the survivorship curve of intertidal snails is presented. Recovery of the shells of dead snails by hermit crabs forms the basis for the method. The application of the metho...


This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of face recognition via super-resolution method using sparse representation and deep learning from low-resolution facial images. Recently, there have been many researches on ultra-high-resolution images using deep learning techniques, but studies are still under way in real-time face recognition. In this paper, we combine the sparse representation and deep learning to generate super-resolution images to improve the performance of face recognition. We have also improved the processing speed by designing in parallel structure when applying sparse representation. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to conventional methods on various images.


Room temperature tensile deformation behavior of a low density Fe-27Mn-12Al-0.8C duplex steel was investigated to understand for plastic deformations with constituent phases. Various ordered phases were formed by quenching of the steel after annealing at the (austenite + ferrite) two phase region. The B2 domains were formed in disordered ferrite matrix. In addition to the B2 domains, fine D0 phases were evenly distributed through both B2 domains and disordered ferrite matrix. The nano-sized k-carbides were precipitated in austenite. The steel exhibited the relatively high yield strength and the low strain hardening rate initially, leading to the moderate elongation. Deformed structure of ferrite is manifested by short, straight segments of paired superdislocations. In austenite, a single planar dislocation glide was dominant at low strains and multiple planar slip occurred at high strains. Based on these microstructural observations, it is suggested that strain hardening of the steel is dominated mainly by shearing of the ordered phases by superdislocations (in ferrite) and planar gliding dislocation (in austenite).


Inhibitors of the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1i) show promise in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors, including brain tumors. XPO1i such as Selinexor reversibly bind and inhibit XPO1 activity, resulting in a lethal nuclear accumulation of a variety of XPO1 substrates. Although XPO1i activity has been suggested to require prolonged suppression of XPO1 activity, this point has not been directly addressed. To do so we generated glioblastoma and patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft cells that express either endogenous wild-type (WT) XPO1 or endogenous WT XPO1 plus a doxycycline-inducible point-mutant form of XPO1 (C528S) that exhibits full XPO1 activity but cannot bind or be inhibited by Selinexor. These cells were then incubated with doxycycline before, or at various time after, the initiation of continuous Selinexor exposure, after which the ability of C528S XPO1 to rescue cells from Selinexor-induced toxicity could be determined. All four glioblastoma cell lines examined were drug-sensitive (IC50 < 600nM) and exhibited a dose-dependent nuclear retention of the XPO1 substrate RanBP1 following Selinexor exposure. Induced expression of C528S led to a doubling of XPO1 protein levels (WT plus C528S), and variable increases in Selinexor IC50, from 3-fold in GBM43 cells to 12,000-fold in LN229 cells. While induction of C528S expression prior to, or up to 8 h after, Selinexor exposure completely prevented Selinexor-induced cytotoxicity, cells could not be rescued after a 24 hr Selinexor exposure. Furthermore, the resistance provided by prolonged expression of C528S, or by shRNA-mediated suppression of XPO1 levels, was nearly 10-fold less than that provided by complete CRISPR-based replacement of WT XPO1 with C528S. These results therefore show that a transient suppression of XPO1 activity is sufficient for Selinexor-induced cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells, and suggest that the Selinexor-induced lethality results from a combination of loss of XPO1 activity and Selinexor-XPO1 complex formation.


Endoscopic therapy is increasingly the treatment of choice for symptomatic late peripancreatic or pancreatic fluid collections. Some pancreatic fluid collections contain necrosis and debris, which cannot be evacuated by flap stents. For this indication Seifert et al. described the technique of endoscopic necrosectomy. After needle knife punction and dilation from 8mm up to 20mm, Seifert achieved direct endoscopic access to the pancreatic necrosis [1,2]. Following endoscopic removal of necrotic masses, an irrigation catheter (nasocystic catheter) and multiple stents up to 10 Fr are usually placed [3,4]. This leads to different success rates, from 91% in pseudocysts to 25% in collections with necrotic debris [5–7]. Often complete necrosectomy is not achievable in the first session, and forceful debridement of necrosis that is not fully demarcated carries a higher risk of bleeding. In usual practice this leads to the implantation of an irrigation catheter and multiple 7–10-Fr stents to keep the gastrocystostomy open and ensure definite drainage [6,8,9]. This technique requires several endoscopic sessions with repeated dilations; it is also uncomfortable for the patient and time-consuming. To shorten the treatment period and to avoid several endoscopic dilations we developed a special partially covered self-expandingmetalmesh stent (SEMS). The SEMS allows solid material to pass and provides access for further endoscopic interventions without repeated dilations. Herein we report for the first time our experience with this newly developed stent for pancreatic necrosis.


We present clinical manifestations of monozygotic male twins with different degrees of expression of the G syndrome. Monozygosity was confirmed using DNA mini-satellite "fingerprint" analysis. The findings in these twins suggest that expression of the G syndrome can be strongly influenced by the prenatal developmental environment.


This paper extends the set of problems for which a global solution can be found using modern optimization methods. In particular, the method is applied to estimation of the essential matrix, giving the first guaranteed optimal algorithm for estimating the relative pose under a geometric cost function, in this case, the L-infinity cost function. Convex optimization techniques has been shown to provide optimal solutions to many of the common problems in structure from motion. However, they do not apply to problems involving rotations. In this paper, we introduce a search method that allows such problems to be solved optimally. Apart from the essential matrix, the algorithm is applied to the camera pose problem, providing an optimal algorithm.


In order to study effects of technological parameters of Microwave Loosening Machine on routine chemical components of Cut Lamina,two technological parameters(micro-wave power,microwave drying time)were studied with uniform experiment.The results showed that:within the tested range,the regression equation of reducing sugar,total nitrogen and technological parameters was significant;the regression equation of total alkaloids,chlorine,potassium,total sugar and process parameters was not significant.The impact of microwave power on reducing sugar and total nitrogen were significant and not significant on the total nitrogen,chloride,total sugar,potassium.The most effects on reducing sugar were the mutual acts of microwave power and microwave drying time.


Abstract The Social Assistance Act 13 of 2004 and its attendant Regulations establish criteria for the award of grants to people who by virtue of their disability cannot be employed. In terms of these criteria, a person with HIV/AIDS receiving a disability grant, who manages her condition with Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), will no longer meet the criteria for this form of social assistance. The disability grant is often the only source of income for such a person and, in many instances, for her extended family. A number of people living with HIV/AIDS whose health has improved because of HAART are thus placed in the distressing situation of having to choose between income and health — certainly a dreadful dilemma. This article considers the constitutionality of the Social Assistance Act and its Regulations by evaluating its provisions against s 27(1)(c) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Possible responses to the dilemma are considered in relation to the Bill of Rights, existing government policy and socio-economic rights jurisprudence.


Through an example of recent experimental evidence of spin-charge separation in one dimensional correlated electron systems. Sr2CuO3 and SrCuO2, the seemingly natural concept of a 'hole' being a single particle is re-considered. It is argued that a hole as a particle should be an exception rather than the norm, contrary to one's usual perception. This implies that strange phenomena such as spin-charge separation in correlated systems may not be as strange as one may think.


Using naturally aged F1 seed and artificially aged F1 seed of hybrid rice cultivar "Shan-you 63" as materials, 20 traits (10 traits measured in laboratory and 10 traits measured in paddy field) were compared between primed seed and corresponding control (non-primed seed). Results showed that germination percentage increased by 11.7% for naturally aged F1 seed after primed with 0.5% PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) + 1.0% KNO3 and by 10.3% for artificially aged F1 seed after treated with 1.0% PVA+ 1.0%KNO3. Germination energy and vigor index of primed seeds were significantly enhanced. Activities of SOD, POD and CAT of primed seeds were significantly increased. Content of MDA and soluble sugar in seed leakage of primed seeds were significantly decreased. Compared with corresponding non-primed seeds, seedling establishment rate, seedling height and seedling weight significantly increased, and mean emergence time shortened obviously on-farm in 2006 and in 2007 in primed seeds. Under transplanting condition, there was no significant difference between primed seed and non-primed seed in plant height, panicle number per plant, panicle length, panicle weight and grain yield.

 Key words: Hybrid rice, aged seed, priming technology, germination, seedling establishment, biochemical property, yield related traits.


The North Central Region Aging Network (NCRAN) formed out of a need to strengthen the potential for meeting curricular and educational demands related to the topic of aging. By pooling resources, establishing interactive and consistent methods of idea sharing, working collectively to assess community needs, and launching professional development initiatives, network members are able to effectively and efficiently address constituent needs across state lines. Early success and sustainability of NCRAN can be largely attributed to four lessons learned: (a) visioning, (b) shared leadership, (c) connection, and (d) data-driven decision making. Other Extension professionals seeking to address constituent needs may find success in forming similar collaborative networks.


Numerically-calculated results and discussion of the experimental results of thermally stimulated current in anthracene single crystals induced by Q-switched ruby laser are reported. It is concluded that the energies of the shallow traps in anthracene single crystals are distributed discretely.


On the background of knowledge economy,cultural and creative industrial parks are forming strong productivity.Their basic parts include government's management sections,enterprises,universities and research institutes,NGO and NPO and so on.Their cooperation will produce a powerful productivity.


The present invention discloses a commercial rotary fountain solution, characterized by the following raw materials in parts by weight: sodium lauryl sulfate 2-6, hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid disodium 1-6 dodecylbenzenesulfonate sodium 2-6, flavonoids 1-3, 1-3 maleic acid, sorbitol, 1-4, 1-4 pectin, sodium polyacrylate 1-3 glyceryl triacetate 1-4, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide 1-3, 5-10 auxiliaries, water 30-50. The fountain solution of the present invention can effectively maintain water Ping Heng printing process, to adapt to the requirements of high density printing, the printing is clear and stable, non-corrosive to equipment, reduce the cost of the printing system successfully and maintenance costs.


Structural irregularity is common now-a-days. Architectural demand is the cause for such irregularities. A common type of vertical geometrical irregularity in building structures is the presence of setbacks; usually called as setback buildings. The buildings with vertical setback cause sudden jump in earthquake forces at the level of discontinuity. The general solution of a setback problem is the total seismic separation of setback part from remaining portion of the building. The performance of such buildings under seismic forces can be improved by providing lateral load resisting elements such as shear walls. In this paper, seismic performance of tower type setback buildings has been evaluated. These setback buildings are stiffened with shear walls and non-linear static pushover analysis is carried out. Performance and hinge formation pattern of the tower type setback buildings and the buildings stiffened with shear walls are studied and compared in this paper.


In a recent study, a new analytic solution for computing the penetration of airborne sound into a rigid porous ground has been derived. Modeling the lower medium as a modified fluid, a simple analytic solution can be obtained that can be cast in a form analogous to the Weyl‐van der Pol formula for the sound field in the upper medium. The current study is devoted to an experimental validation of the analytical model. A layer of glass beads is used in the experimental study for modeling the rigid porous ground. To test the analytical formulation, measurements of excess attenuation spectra above and within the layer of glass beads were conducted. The impedance, propagation constant, and the index of refraction of the glass bead aggregate were deduced from the excess attenuation spectra. The experimental results are compared with other methods for finding the propagation of the rigid porous medium. The proposed method suggests a new way of finding the propagation constant and the index of refraction of a rigi...


Thiazide diuretics are a recommended first-line monotherapy for hypertension (i.e.SBP>140 mmHg or DBP>90 mmHg). Even so, diuretics are associated with adverse metabolic side effects, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia which increase the risk of developing type II diabetes. This thesis used three analytical strategies to identify and quantify genetic factors that contribute to the development of adverse metabolic effects due to thiazide diuretic treatment. I performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analysis of the change in fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides in response to HCTZ from two different clinical trials: the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) and the Genetic Epidemiology of Responses to Antihypertensive (GERA) studies. Two SNPs (rs12279250 and rs4319515 (r2=0.73)), located at 11p15.1 in the NELL1 gene, achieved genome-wide significance for association with change in fasting plasma triglycerides in African Americans, whereby each variant allele was associated with a 28 mg/dl increase in the change in triglycerides. NELL1 encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and has been shown to represses adipogenic differentiation. No statistical significant association was found in the case of change in glucose or change in triglycerides in European-Americans in this study. In order to increase the sample size and signal for the change in glucose, I performed a GWAS of longitudinal data and meta-analysis from 14 cohorts which are part of the CHARGE consortium. No statistically significant association was found. The lack of positive results in this analysis suggested that it is unlikely that there is a single common SNP with a large effect on the adverse reaction to the diuretic use. Therefore, we can speculate about the possible interaction of multiple variants each with modest effect sizes or the fact that rare variants are playing a greater part in this particular phenotype. Finally, I performed a genome-wide association study and a Multi-Ethnic MetaAnalysis of change in blood potassium levels 718 Europeanand African-American


Abstract In this article, I contend that (a) disagreement over the definition of 'good person' indicates a challenge for the probabilistic argument from evil (PAE) and (b) the debate between value monism and value pluralism exposes obstacles for the PAE. I also highlight areas for further axiological inquiry with respect to the problem of evil and related problems. My goal is not to argue that the PAE fails, but to examine the axiology of the argument, to investigate some of its vulnerabilities, and to motivate novel evaluations of it by reframing it as an axiological rather than moral issue.


The goal of dependency parsing is to seek a functional relationship among words. For instance, it tells the subject-object relation in a sentence. Parsing the Indonesian language requires information about the morphology of a word. Indonesian grammar relies heavily on affixation to combine root words with affixes to form another word. Thus, morphology information should be incorporated. Fortunately, it can be encoded implicitly by word representation. Embeddings from Language Models (ELMo) is a word representation which be able to capture morphology information. Unlike most widely used word representations such as word2vec or Global Vectors (GloVe), ELMo utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) over characters. With it, the affixation process could ideally encoded in a word representation. We did an analysis using nearest neighbor words and T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) word visualization to compare word2vec and ELMo. Our result showed that ELMo representation is richer in encoding the morphology information than it's counterpart. We trained our parser using word2vec and ELMo. To no surprise, the parser which uses ELMo gets a higher accuracy than word2vec. We obtain Unlabeled Attachment Score (UAS) at 83.08 for ELMo and 81.35 for word2vec. Hence, we confirmed that morphology information is necessary, especially in a morphologically rich language like Indonesian. Keywords: ELMo, Dependency Parser, Natural Language Processing, word2vec


The purpose of this study is: 1) To analyze the simultaneous influence between intellectual capital which includes Value Added Capital Employed, Value Added Human Capital, Structural Capital Value Added on financial performance 2) To determine the partial influence between intellectual capital which includes Value Added Capital Employed, Value Added Human Capital, Structural Capital Value Added on financial performance and 3) To find out intellectual capital variables that have a dominant influence on the financial performance. This research was conducted at the pharmaceutical company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 to 2012. In order to know the influence that occurs among the independent variables (Value Added Capital Employed, Value Added Human Capital, and Structural Capital Value Added) on financial performance using the regression analysis, F test and t test were conducted. Type of research is explanatory that is the researchers explain causal relationships between variables through hypothesis testing. Population and sample in this study is a pharmaceutical company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 to 2012. The sampling technique used is census sampling so it can be determined the total sample of 7 companies and the research instruments were tested using classical assumption test. The hypothesis testing was using the F and t test to analyze the data to be used in Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis result shows that there are simultaneously and partially significant influence between intellectual capital which include Value Added Capital Employed, Value Added Human Capital, Structural Capital Value Added on financial performance on pharmaceutical company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 to 2012. Value Added Human Capital variable have a dominant influence on financial performance of the pharmaceutical company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 to 2012. Key Words: Value Added Capital Employed, Value Added Human Capital, Structural Capital Value Added and Financial Performance


In the past few years many organizations have gone through reshucturing of their information systems to improve their business processes. Among these information systems initiatives, none has garnered more attention than ERP (enterprise resource planning). ERP integrates all departments and functions of a company into a single information system that can improve operations of all departments. ERP helps a manufacturer or other business manage the important parts of its business, like product planning, parts purchasing, maintaining inventories, interacting with suppliers, providing customer service, and tracking orders.


Work undertaken in 2008 included: (1) Seven new fence projects were completed thereby protecting approximately 10.97 miles of streams with 16.34 miles of riparian fence; (2) Renewal of one expired lease was completed thereby continuing to protect 0.75 miles of stream with 1.0 mile of riparian fence. (3) Maintenance of all active project fences (106.54 miles), watergaps (78), spring developments (33) were checked and repairs performed; (3) Planted 1000 willow/red osier on Fox Creek/Henslee property; (4) Planted 2000 willows/red osier on Middle Fork John Day River/Coleman property; (5) Planted 1000 willow/red osier cuttings on Fox Creek/Johns property; (6) Since the initiation of the Fish Habitat Project in 1984 we have 126.86 miles of stream protected using 211.72 miles of fence protecting 5658 acres. The purpose of the John Day Fish Habitat Enhancement Program is to enhance production of indigenous wild stocks of spring Chinook and summer steelhead within the sub basin through habitat protection, enhancement and fish passage improvement. The John Day River system supports the largest remaining wild runs of spring chinook salmon and summer steelhead in Northeast Oregon.


The author reviews a number of contemporary attempts to estimate the population of France in the period immediately preceding the French Revolution of 1789. Emphasis is placed on a 1783 estimate prepared by the Controller General Calonne. (ANNOTATION)


In the coexistence of ultra‐reliable low latency communication (URLLC) and enhanced mobile broad band (eMBB) in 5G networks, the arriving URLLC traffic with strict latency requirements will be scheduled by puncturing ongoing eMBB transmissions, negatively impacting eMBB data rate. In this article, we add reliability measurement for eMBB users with high data rate requirements. The scheduling problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of maximizing the data rate of eMBB users while meeting the requirements of URLLC latency and eMBB data rate. To jointly optimize resource allocation policy and puncturing policy, an algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is introduced. Considering that the utilization of DRL in the resource scheduling problem is limited due to the nonstationary communication environment, a digital twin‐enabled DRL architecture is presented to fine‐tune the DRL model according to feedback from the real‐world network. The DRL agent can explore in the digital twin model, avoiding the loss of quality of service caused by exploration in the real‐world environment. According to simulation results, the approach proposed in this article can improve the reliability of eMBB users with data rate requirements.


The difficulty involved in the study of illegally induced abortion has continually impeded the effective planning of interventions. Despite a dearth of reliable information, there is increasing recognition of the dangers inherent in informal abortions outside the medical setting, and a growing willingness of researchers and health intervention designers to tackle this issue in a more systematic and proactive manner. Furthermore, the need for an increased understanding of the social epidemiology of HIV in high prevalence areas has led to further inquiry into the reproductive health needs of young people, utilizing innovative research methodologies to explore socio-sexual attitudes and behaviours in ever-increasing depth.


A 90 days study was undertaken to test the performance of 5different silages (1. silage of maize hybrid, 2. silage of corn stovers,3. Silage of corn stover+6% solution of molasses and 0.3% urea,4. Silage of corn stover+ 6% molasses, 5. Silage of corn stover+ 6% solution of lime) in growing Sahiwal calves. 25 Sahiwal calves of similar age and body weigh were dived into five groups A,B,C,D & E, respectively and were kept in separate sheds for individual feeding. Group A was fed corn silage and served as control and while groups B,C,D and E were reared on respective corn stover silages at ad libitum intakes. Fattening ration having 16.73% crude protein and 73 % total digestible nutrients was also provided at the rate of 1.5% of body weight. Animals were weighed at the start of experiment and fortnightly thereafter. At last week of the study a 5 days digestibility trial was performed through complete collection of urine and feces. Blood was also collected for the analysis of blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose. Dry matter, Organic matter, NDF and ether extract digestibility values were higher in animals fed corn hybrid silage based diet as compared to those fed other diets. Inversely, animals fed corn stovers silage with 6% molasses solution showed higher ADF digestibility. Similarly, higher CP digestibility was observed in animals fed corn stover silage with molasses and urea (CDE treatments). Blood sugar and blood urea nitrogen were higher in animals fed corn hybrid and corn stover silage with 6% limesone, an indicator for availability of nutrients for growth. It was concluded that corn stover silage or with 6% molasses solution can replace the corn silage successfully in growth performance of Sahiewal calves. Key words; Sahiwal Calves, Corn Stover, Silage, Growth Performance, Digestibility, Blood Metabolites. IJSER ABBAS ABDUL HANNAN , NISAR AHMAD AND RANA MUHAMMAD BILAL Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurnagar Okara, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Islamia University Bahawalpur International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 5, May-2018 2270 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org Introduction Fodder crops play pivotal role in the agricultural economy of developing countries by providing cheapest source of feed for livestock (Tauqir et al., 2007). Roughages include crops residues in the form of straws, stover and husk are the cheapest source of livestock feed in the country. The present forage production is not coping with the feeding requirements of livestock in Pakistan. Stresses for the exploitation of new feed resources and the interest for utilization of low quality crop residues as an animal feed has been increased. But due to trend of farming community toward cash crops and reduced cultivated area has driven the farming community towards silage making of fodders and non-conventional forages. Tauqir et al. (2007) reported that non-leguminous crops are extensively being used worldwide for silage making having relatively low buffering capacity and low concentrations of fermentable carbohydrates. But conventionally silage is being made from the sorghum, barley, millet, mott grass and Jambo grass. However, any forage which has sufficient fermentable carbohydrate may be ensiled, but the most popular crop is the maize (Bolsen et al., 1998, Woolford, 1984). Corn stover is vegetative portion consisting of leaves and stalks remained in the field after harvesting of corn. Most of the corn stover cannot be utilized by livestock due to abundant availability and low nutritional profile and hence huge quantity become dried in the field and is used as fuel purposes. It is almost half of the yield of a crop. When ears of plants are removed, they are ready to be harvested, otherwise lignin contents will increase and mostly nutrients will be leached out due to sun dry. A limited quantity of this forage is fed to animals and mostly is dried in the field and used as fuel purpose. Farmers are neither trained nor aware to adopt any alternative techniques to preserve biomass of corn stover. Maize stover is utilized for animal feeding during the scarcity of green fodder. During this period Corn stover can be as principle sources of fodder. Nutritional quality of maize stover is poor. It contains 38% cellulose , 26% hemicellulose and 19% lignin which make it acceptile feed for rumnants. After removing the ears of crop, dry matter increased rapidly and digestibility decreased and its ensiling becomes difficult there it is recommended to ensile it as early as possible in green state (Shreck et al.,


Background
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Most of the autopsy studies indicate that large numbers of these tumors remain undiagnosed during life. The most obvious explanation for this fact is its rather non-specific clinical presentation or the absence of any symptoms - the presence of subclinical pheochromocytoma. We report our institution experience with silent pehochromocytomas - their preoperative characteristics, intraoperative management and postoperative complications.

Material and Methods
A total of 104 patients underwent operation for pheochromocytoma between 19780 and 2010 in our department. Eleven of them had no clinical symptoms. We describe and analyze retrospectively: indication for diagnosis and surgery, length of hospital stay, intra and postoperative complications.

Results
In total, 11 of the 104 patent operated in our department had no clinical symptoms. From the classical triad (headache, palpitation and diaphoresis) only five of those patients had occasional palpitation when they felt severe anger, which is rather unspecific. When we analyzed the data of these patients we found a longer operative time (p = 0.04), more intraoperative complication (p = 0.02) - higher estimated blood loss and larger transfusion requirement. Postoperative complications however showed no statistical significance.

Conclusion
Pheochromocytoma can have variable presentation. Patients with small incidentalomas schedules for surgery should be closely evaluated and medically treated preoperatively to ensure an excellent outcome.


As UWB technology transfer within a short distance a few megabytes of data,to help people get rid of dependence on the wire,thus making big-bandwidth wireless data transmission from the almost impossible into reality.Although UWB standard has not yet unified,but,after all,is its low-noise amplifier in a receiver indispensable module.This paper describes a technique based on 0.18μm CMOS for UWB wireless communication system receiver front-end low-noise amplifier.Combined with computer-aided design,the ultra-wideband low noise amplifier input and output are to achieve good impedance matching,in the 3 GHz ~10GHz frequency range to achieve a gain G = 29 ± 1dB,noise figure less than 4dB for.1.8V operating voltage in the DC power amplifier is about 35mW.


: Sustainability of place identity is one of the main concerns in architecture nowadays. The end of the last century witnessed a rapid increase in urban population worldwide due to the increase of internal and external immigration rate. Recently, more than half of the world's population lives in urban settlements, putting into consideration the fact that these settlements continue to grow in order to accommodate more inhabitants. Therefore accordingly, both natural and cultural landscape resources will continue to be under pressure in and around these urban settlements. Today, Landscape design approaches and practice are interdisciplinary, and they can be used to manage the development of urban settlements. Therefore, it is important to introduce an analytical Landscape framework which respects place identity. The main concern of this framework technique is to identify the cultural features of urban place and preserve these features through the growth of new urban extensions. This helps in conserving the local image and values of urban places which considered as an important aspect in urban design and planning. Place identity is an important aspect that should be considered in social and cultural life of urban places. The continuity of place identity is strongly linked to place attachment and sense of belonging. It is important to develop a sense of belonging, as it is a crucial in establishing an emotional bond with urban places. Such bond increases the inhabitant's connection to the place. And to achieve such aim, Landscape features can be used in improving the quality of urban places especially when it comes to engaging cultural landscape factors with this place. In the end, the research aims to develop new urban places, such as the new capital city which is a new political, cultural and economic centre, due to its privileged location and proximity to the Suez Canal. New landscape features will be proposed which represent and symbolizes the ancient Egyptian civilization. The green space will link the natural area with administrative buildings and ministries and give it a visual identity which expresses the ancient Egyptian civilization. This will help individuals to interact and feel sense of belonging to this area by using of landscape elements with the surrounding buildings.


In this paper,we mainly discuss the"penalty function"of the risk processes of a Markovian risk model. Using the Integro-differential equation we established,we get the Integro-differential equation for the ruin probabil- ity,the distribution of the deficit at ruin,and the joint cumulative distribution of the deficit at ruin and the surplus before ruin respectively.


2 Abstract: In order to study the effect of drought stress on yield and some morphological and physiological traits in 14 new corn (Zea mays L.) forage hybrids, an experiment was designed. A split-plot layout within randomized complete block design with three replications was performed at Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Research farm in 2009. The main plots were three levels of irrigation; normal, mild stress and severe stress (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from Class A pan evaporation respectively,) and subplots included 14 hybrid corn. In this experiment, dry and fresh forage yield, number of leaves, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, ear dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf to stem ratio (dry) and plant height were considered. The results showed significant difference for plant height, leaf to stem ratio (dry), dry forage yield hybrids (P<0.05) and the number of leaves, leaf area index, dry weight per ear (P<0.01), while among the studied hybrids no significant difference was observed for leaf dry weight and shoot dry weight. Also, all traits except number of leaves showed a significant difference (P<0.01) to drought stress. Increment of irrigation from normal to severe stress reduced dry and fresh forage yield (44% and 27% respectively).


As detection systems improve, opportunities are emerging for using vehicle position and speed to drive signal control. This study explored how basic actuation processes might be improved by using vehicle position and speed. The position and speed of arriving vehicles were used to calculate their estimated time of arrival. Two variations on vehicle extension logic were developed that extended a green until there was a headway in the arriving traffic above a size that corresponded to a minimum flow rate, at which it was desired to terminate the phase. In the first method, the headway was measured from the point where the leading vehicle passed the stop bar, whereas the second method measured the headway from where the leading vehicle was unlikely to stop at the onset of yellow. This was compared against a control with a conventional stop bar and upstream detectors. A simulation study was carried out for an eight-phase intersection. The results suggest that at higher levels of demand, trajectory-based actuation could yield substantial reductions in delay. The trajectory-based methods were able to terminate green more efficiently, leading to reductions in delay in some cases, and reductions in emissions and fuel consumption, although there was a tradeoff in the number of split failures. These early results show promise for the development and fine-tuning of the methods.


When the local government cracks down on illegal coal mines in accordance with the central government's measures,they face with the confusion of "prisoners dilemma". that is to say that rationality of local government causes irra-tionality,which make local governments take protectionist measures for illegal coal mine. what is the reason? The article analyzes the reasons for them from the perspective of game theory, and ,finally ,puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.


IN 1956 Lie Kian Joe and others described "a new disease", a slowly growing painless subcutaneous granuloma of the limbs and trunk caused by a fungus of the class Phycomycetes and seen at that time only in Indonesian children between 5 and 14 years old. They called it Subcutaneous Phycomycosis. In i960, W. St. C. Symmers reported the first case seen in England, in a Dutch girl who had recently gone to England after living in Indonesia. This disease was later seen in the Sudan, East Africa and Nigeria presenting the same clinical and histological features as those so graphically described by Joe and his co-workers. The first two Otolaryngological manifestations of this disease were seen in the E.N.T. department of this hospital in 1959, but the absence of a Mycologist and unfamiliarity with the histology of this granuloma made diagnosis impossible until 1962, when a typical infection in the lower limb of a Nigerian child was seen and diagnosed for the first time, and shortly after this two patients with lesions in the upper respiratory tract were seen within a week of each other. Diagnosis was based solely on the recently recognized histo-pathology, but after studying this in conjunction with the observed clinical features exhibited by the infection in this area, two further cases were diagnosed clinically within the next four months, a diagnosis of the first two cases of 1959 was made, and a review was started of about six other suspected cases seen since then. A resume of the descriptive reports of subcutaneous phycomycosis given by Authors in Indonesia, the Sudan, East Africa and Nigeria would at this stage prove a useful background "theme" to the discussion of the upper respiratory tract "variations" which are in this paper referred to as Rhinophycomycosis. These variations refer only to phycomycotic lesions of the upper respiratory tract and its immediate precincts, which present the identical histopathological picture as that seen in the subcutaneous phycomycosis.


A conformational quantum‐mechanical study of (Gly‐Phe‐Pro) and (Gly‐Pro‐Phe) repeating tripeptide sequences has been carried out with the PCILO method. Using appropriate molecules as a model, we investigated the conformational possibilities of each in situ residue. Computations have been done taking into account the two typical pyrrolidine ring puckering and the most favorable orientations of the phenylalanyl side chain. Major conclusions drawn from this study are that the phenylalanyl can be accommodated at both second and third positions in the sequence without preventing the formation of triple‐helix conformation. However, the analogy observed between the rotational possibilities around the second residue of Gly‐Pro‐Pro and Gly‐Phe‐Pro indicates that phenylalanyl in the second position favors the triple‐helix formation.


Touch-screen input method and input device, there is provided a portable terminal including the same. Touch-screen input method according to the present invention comprises the steps of detecting a plurality of times the touch of the touch screen; Determining a touch pattern based on a time interval between the plurality of times, each touch; Comparing the determined touch pattern group and set the touch pattern; And when the determined touch pattern group equal to the predetermined touch pattern, the group comprises the step of performing a command allocated to the set of touch patterns, touch-screen input method and input device, the present invention relates to a portable terminal including the same, and more particularly Advantageously touch only the pattern of the number of times the touch of any point of the screen and the user can effectively carry out the desired command, and therefore, the user is in a dark environment, or the environment can not be visually focus on the touch screen, such as, etc. to drive the environment and it can effectively perform the desired command simply by tapping the touch screen with a pattern.


According to the most recent floristic and taxonomic works, Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. et Schult. is present in Europe with two subspecies: E. palustris subsp. palustris and E. palustris subsp. waltersii Bures et Danihelka. Up to now in Italy only the first taxon has been reported in literature, and no specific study was recently carried out to assess the presence of both subspecies on the Italian territory. Accordingly, we conducted a comprehensive analyses of Italian herbarium specimens of E. palustris in order to verify presence and distribution of its subspecies in Italy. Towards these aims we collected a wide set of morphological (glume length and number per cm; spikelet length, culm width, achene length and width, stylopode length and width) and anatomical characters (stomata length) and evaluated their contribution to the differentiation of the two subspecies adopting a classification tree analyses. The analyses lead us to report for the first time in Italy E. palustri s subsp. waltersii . This taxon was found to be present in 9 northern and central Italian regions. Our contribution allowed to confirm the presence of E. palustris subsp. palustris in almost all the Italian regions.


The utility model discloses a tower crane with a freely moving gate seat, which comprises traveling mechanisms and a tower hoisting mechanism, wherein non-rail tire traveling mechanisms are adopted as the traveling mechanisms, the tower hoisting mechanism is arranged on a gate seat supporting device, and the gate seat supporting device is arranged on four sets of traveling mechanisms to move. The non-rail tire traveling mechanisms are adaptive to various moving working conditions, and have traveling mobility on various road surfaces; a lateral rubber guiding wheel can guide a limit wheel to move smoothly along a vertical guiding wall, so that the traveling safety can be improved; the gate seat supporting device enables vehicles under the belly of the crane to pass smoothly; variable-height supporting legs enable the crane to adapt to road surfaces with higher-gradient sides; a span adjusting device is used for adjusting the span among the wheel sets so as to adapt to road surfaces with different widths; and the connection mode of a supporting platform with a foundation tower column and a standard tower column can realize low-height installation and running and high-height running and disassembly of the crane. The tower crane is a hoisting apparatus which can adapt to wider operating range and complicated working condition, and can move freely.


Despite ample evidence of preelection volatility in vote intentions in new democracies, scholars of comparative politics remain skeptical that campaigns affect election outcomes. Research on the United States provides a theoretical rationale for campaign effects, but shows little of it in practice in presidential elections because candidates' media investments are about equal and voters' accumulated political knowledge and partisan attachments make them resistant to persuasive messages. I vary these parameters by examining a new democracy where voters' weaker partisan attachments and lower levels of political information magnify the effects of candidates' asymmetric media investments to create large persuasion effects. The findings have implications for the generalizability of campaign effects theory to new democracies, the development of mass partisanship, candidate advertising strategies, and the specific outcome of Mexico's hotly contested 2006 presidential election. Data come primarily from the Mexico 2006 Panel Study.


A new method for measuring mode-couplings along a multi-core fiber (MCF) is proposed that uses a multi-channel OTDR technique. Using a synchronous seven-channel OTDR, we have successfully measured the mode-couplings along a 2.9 km-long MCF.


Micro-organisms can survive indoor built environment when proper temperature and relative humidity are provided with appropriate nutrients. The aim of this paper is to investigate current status of indoor airborne mold concentrations according to the location of the house units in residential buildings. The densities and distribution of indoor airborne mold were monitored in the balconies of 60 houses. Anderson sampler is used to collect viable samples of airborne fungal spores in heating season. As a result, the side-houses showed higher mold concentrations compared to the mid-houses.


This thesis examines in detail the rise and fall of the British Black Power movement. It is the first book-length study of Black Power in Britain and the only one of any size written by a historian. It traces the roots of British Black Power in (1) the anti-colonialist traditions of immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, India and Pakistarý the last three categories of which came to Britain in unprecedented numbers after 1955; (2) the influence of the contemporaneous black freedom struggle in the United States; and (3) most importantly the encounter with white racism in the United Kingdom. It argues that, although politically it was short-lived, the movement had a long- term cultural impact on black protest. It created a unifying black political identity and shifted the debate about domestic race relations onto a consideration of white racism as well as black immigration. The exaggerated violence of the Black Power movement's rhetoric, however, gave the state the opportunity to harass activists on the streets and in the courts. Police infiltrated, spied on and frequently raided Black Power groups. Internally, cultural nationalism and increasingly dogmatic Marxist-Leninist agendas created political divisions that fragmented the movement. Most Black Power activists came from the Caribbean: the movement failed to directly engage large numbers of Asians, who made up the majority of Britain's post-war immigrants. Nonetheless, Black Power's legacy was borne unintentionally in the 11 industrial militancy of Asian immigrants in the 1970s, and deliberately by the founders of numerous social welfare and educational projects in black communities. The young black men who took direct action against police harassment and intimidation on the streets of Notting Hill and Southall in 1976 reflected both Black Power's militant spirit and its failure to achieve its goal of a society built on respect and equality.


The development of offshore fields is supported by drilling and production equipment which requires high performance and a reliable power supply. Russian offshore fields that can be developed using subsea technologies are located at up to 650 km from onshore infrastructures under extreme ice conditions. Requirements for the equipment capacities of power supplies may vary from dozens of kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts. It has been recognized that these days one of the most reliable and safe techniques for powering subsea oil and gas facilities is power transmission from an onshore power supply source through a subsea cable. Different systems of high voltage power supply have been considered: direct high voltage current transmission, alternating current and low frequency alternating current transmission. They have been compared in terms of loss minimization during power transmission and conversion, and the provision of reliability and safety of unattended operating. It has been concluded that high voltage direct current transmission at long distances ensures the sufficient reduction of cable losses as compared to alternating current transmission, but subsea DC-AC conversion (as subsea equipment usually uses alternating current) requires the development of a subsea converter.


AbstractProduction and disposal of sewage sludge have raised increasing concerns due to their poor mechanical properties and negative environmental effect. Cement-based solidification/stabilization can improve the properties of sewage sludge so that it can be used either as an earth-construction material or landfills. To achieve this goal, a large amount of cement should be used, thus increasing the treatment cost and CO2 emission arising from cement production. To reduce cement usage, three inorganic additives (e.g., calcium-bentonite, fly ash, and kaolinite) were used and investigated in this study to improve the effectiveness of solidification/stabilization of sewage sludge with cement. The benefits of these additives to the treated sewage sludge were evaluated in terms of unconfined compressive strength and leaching of pollutants including alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals (e.g., copper, lead, and zinc). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-disp...


AbstractOne satellite data product that has received great interest in the numerical weather prediction community is the temperature and mixing ratio profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the Aqua satellite. This research assesses the impact of assimilating AIRS profiles on high-resolution ensemble forecasts of southern plains severe weather events occurring on 26 May 2009 and 10 May 2010 by comparing two ensemble forecasts. In one ensemble, the 1830 and 2000 UTC level 2 AIRS temperature and dewpoint profiles are assimilated with all other routine observations into a 36-member, 15-km Weather and Research Forecast Model (WRF) ensemble using a Kalman filter approach. The other ensemble is identical, except that only routine observations are assimilated. In addition, 3-km one-way nested-grid ensemble forecasts are produced during the periods of convection. Results indicate that over the contiguous United States, the AIRS profiles do not measurably improve the ensem...


Twenty five hundred thirty nine kilometers of airborne laser profiling and videography data were acquired over the state of Delaware during the summer of 2000. The laser ranging measurements and video from approximately one-half of that data set (1304 km) were analyzed to identify and locate forested sites that might potentially support populations of Delmarva fox squirrel (DFS, Sciurus niger cinereus). The DFS is an endangered species previously endemic to tali, dense, mature forests with open understories on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The airborne LiDAR employed in this study can measure forest canopy height and canopy closure, but cannot measure or infer understory canopy conditions. Hence the LiDAR must be viewed as a tool to map potential, not actual, habitat. Fifty-three potentially suitable DFS sites were identified in the 1304 km of flight transect data. Each of the 53 sites met the following criteria according to the LiDAR and video record: (1 ) at least 120m of contiguous forest; (2) an average canopy height >20rn; (3) an average canopy closure of >80%; and (4) no roofs, impervious surface (e.g., asphalt, concrete), and/or open water anywhere along the 120m length of the laser segment. Thirty-two of the 53 sites were visited on the ground and measurements taken for a DFS habitat suitability model. Seventy eight percent of the sites (25 of 32) were judged by the model to be suited to supporting a DFS population. Twenty-eight of the 32 sites visited in the field were in forest cover types (hardwood, mixedwood, conifer, wetlands) according to a land cover GIS map. Of these, 23 (82%) were suited to support DFS. The remaining 4 sites were located in nonforest cover types - agricultural or residential areas. Two of the four, or 50% were suited to the DFS. All of the LiDAR flight data, 2539 km, were analyzed to


For the literary critic, autobiographies of childhood are the most appealing. This is because they are obviously reliant on an act of imagination in the narration of memory; and the protagonist is concerned with himself or herself, and not with other people and their stories. As a question of degree this is true; however, it is not an absolute distinction. There are factors which determine autobiographies of childhood as being more than just eccentric or wholly individual.


In addition to the symmetries that are known to apply to arbitrary flow, the self‐similar equations may present other symmetries of their own. We present here such a symmetry of the self‐similar unidimensional flow of an adiabatic inviscid fluid, with arbitrary polytropic index and arbitrary power‐law entropy distribution. The new symmetry can be extended to the non‐self‐similar case if the flow is assumed isentropic. A connection with the theory of Riemann invariants is also discussed.


The dream of creating ideal societies full of love and fraternity, where all the arts of life thrive and require all kinds of high-quality textile products and beauty seems impossible. A quick glance at the history of mankind from our father, Adam, peace be upon him until our contemporary history, we see that the essence of conflict between human beings has not changed, but its tools are evolving. Negative rivalry (envy) is why Cain kills his brother Abel. Would the matter deserve to kill Cain for it his brother Abel. If the first murder on this land was because of envy [1,2].


The distribution and variation of isoflavone accumulation in four soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merri.] varieties differing in their isoflavone content were studied. The results showed that isoflavones in developing seeds of soybean were translocated from the seeds to the cotyledons and then to other organs (chiefly the leaves), where isoflavone metabolism occurred during the growth and development of the plant. Variance analysis demonstrated that highly significant difference existed among various organs of the same variety while no significant inter-varietal difference was observed. Isoflavone content was highly significantly higher in the shoots than in the roots at the emergence stage, higher in the cotyledons than in other organs at the seedling stage and higher in the leaves than in other organs in the vigorous growth stage and the full blooming stage of the plant.


In urban areas, the destruction of natural resources, loss of food diversity and structural changes in the environment aggravate conditions of hunger and malnutrition without providing due recognition to the promotion of development strategies for edible green space. The traditional form of home gardening prevents urban planners, especially in developing countries, from focusing their attention on the economic and social value of small and medium size agro-entrepreneurship development in urban societies. This paper attempts to expand the insufficient body of knowledge on urban agriculture through an analysis of the literature, backed by feedback generated in implementing the concept of the Family Business Garden in Sri Lanka. The paper highlights the necessity of formal acceptance for micro-farming activities by mainstreaming urban agriculture in the development sphere.


The effect of the local electric field on the radial oscillation of the electron beam in the low-magnetic-field foilless diode is studied theoretically and experimentally. The results obtained with different methods show good coherence. The radial oscillation amplitude of the electron beam affected by the local electric field depends on the electric field intensity and the phases of electrons entering and leaving the local electric field region. It is found that the enhanced radial electric field near the drift tube head results in the change of the radial oscillation amplitude with the anode–cathode gap. Meanwhile, a method to effectively suppress the radial oscillation is proposed. Optimizing the anode–cathode gap and the tilt angle of the drift tube head can effectively adjust the matching state of the electron phase and the local electric field, and thus the transverse momentum of the electron beam can be greatly reduced due to the negative effect of the radial electric field.


The picture book is suitable for reading for primary school lower grades' students. It can cultivate students' image thinking and abstract thinking since the features of pictures can arouse students' reading interest. But problems exist in present picture books teaching such as: improper selection of the picture books, incomplete integration in story telling of picture books teaching, and unclear positioning of image roles etc. Therefore, the article proposed that picture books should be carefully chosen according to students' cognition and personality development. Secondly, the integration of the text and narration of the pictures should be ensured. Thirdly, teachers should help students read the inner world of characters and leave enough space for their thinking and imagination.


Double-Epilayer structure were studied for n-channel low-voltage power trench MOSFET,The total specific on-resistance (Rds,on) of U-MOSFET can be reduced by optimizing the Double-Epilayer structure, Let's elect better intrinsic epitaxial layer thickness and optimizing it, The optimization structure of Double-Epilayer exhibits a 14.9% reduction in the ON-resistance while maintaining essentially the same blocking voltage as the tranditional trench power MOSFET and improving the switching characteristics by reducing the quantity of Cgd Rds,on.


A significant portion of the experiment involves measuring the focal lengths of different lenses. An instrument commonly used for this purpose is the diopter gauge. The principle of operation of the diopter gauge is based on the lensmaker equation (2). Suppose a thin lens immersed in air is made from a material with index of refraction, n. One side of the lens has radius of curvature, R1, and the other side has a radius of curvature, R2. The focal length of the lens is iven by the lens maker's equation g


The course of computer principle plays a role in taking over from the past and setting a new for the future in the teaching of embedded serial courses.This paper introduces a discussion of reform in education carried on to computer principle course,including contents of courses,teaching method,teaching practice etc.


Results: Th e aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and the mean hours of sleep. Data was collected on participants in the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The following parameters were controlled by multivariate linear analysis: age, sex, body mass index, depression status, current status of smoking, lifetime drinking history, education level, income level, stress awareness, co-morbidities, and quality of life index. Th e results of this study demonstrate serum vitamin D levels are associated with the mean hours of sleep. Conclusion: In this study, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is related with mean hours of sleep. According to social change, vitamin D defi ciency is increasing. And it is suggested that this increase is associated with sleep disorders. For the treatment of these sleep disorders, it is expected that vitamin D intake have a positive impact.


INTRODUCTION
The liver is the natural microenvironment for hepatocytes transplantation but unfortunately engraftment efficiency is low. Cell-laden microhydrogels made of fibrinogen attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-diacrylate side chains, were used as a cell carrier, for intravascular transplantation. This approach may reduce shear stress and immediate immunological pressure after intravascular transplantation and provide biomatrix for environmental support.

AIMS
In vitro assessment of HuH-7 viability and function after polymerization within PEGylated fibrinogen-hydrogel. In vivo assessment of intraportal transplantation of cell-laden microhydrogels with rat adult parenchymal cells.

METHODS
(1) In vitro assessment of HuH-7 cell viability and function, after cell-laden hydrogel (hydrogel volume 30 μL) fabrication, by propidium iodide (PI)/fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and MTT assays, albumin concentration and CYP1A activity. (2) Fabrication of cell-laden microhydrogels and their intraportal transplantion. Engraftment efficiency in vivo was evaluated by real-time qPCR of Y chromosome (SRY gene) and histology.

RESULTS
The viability of cells in hydrogels in culture was comparable to viability of not embedded cells during the first 48 h. However, the viability of cells in hydrogels was reduced after 72 h compared with not embedded cells. Activity of CYP1A in hydrogel was comparable to that of not embedded cells (4.33±1 pmole/μg DNA/4 h vs. 5.13±1 pmole/μg DNA/4 h, respectively). Albumin concentration increased at day 3 in hydrogels to 1.4±0.6 μg/10(4)/24 h and was greater to that of free cells, 0.3±0.1 μg/10(4)/24 h. Cell-laden microhydrogels at a size of 150-150-600 μm (6×10(6) cells/rat) showed better engraftment efficiency at 21 days post-transplantation, compared with isolated cell transplantation (54.6%±5% vs. 1.8%±1.2%, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The in vitro HuH-7 viability and function after polymerization in PEGylated fibrinogen hydrogel was comparable to cells without the hydrogel. Long-term survival and engraftment efficiency of intravascular transplanted adult hepatocytes is much better in within cell-laden microhydrogels compared with isolated cells. The overall efficiency of the procedure needs to be improved.


THE IMPORTANCE IS STRESSED OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON ALTERNATE ROUTE LOCATIONS AND IN SYSTEM DESIGN, ON IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION ON OTHER METROPOLITAN SYSTEMS INCLUDING AN EMPHASIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES, AND ON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA FILES AND NEW METHODS, SUCH AS COMPUTERS AND MODELING.


Simple Summary The bioavailability of dietary zinc (Zn) in pigs is of importance for the Zn supply to the pig but also for Zn excretion through manure to the environment. The bioavailability of added Zn may differ according to the source of Zn applied but is also affected by other dietary components. The aim of this study was to determine biomarkers of Zn bioavailability (Zn digestibility and serum Zn status) following six different sources of Zn added at 100 mg/kg feed (two of the sources were also provided at 1000 mg/kg) and their effect on the productivity and faecal consistency score in piglets 0–3 weeks after weaning day 28. The digestibility of Zn on day 14 post-weaning was negative for all six Zn sources when added at 100 mg Zn/kg, indicating insufficient Zn supply. The Zn digestibility at 100 mg Zn/kg was affected by the Zn source but was not lower for traditional inorganic Zn oxide and Zn sulphate compared with processed inorganic or chelated organic sources of Zn. However, there were no differences in the serum Zn status, feed intake, gain or probability of diarrhoea depending on the Zn source when supplied at 100 mg/kg. Abstract The bioavailability of dietary zinc (Zn) in pigs may differ according to the Zn source and is affected by other components in the diet. The aim was to determine the biomarkers of Zn bioavailability (apparent total tract digestibility of Zn and serum Zn status) following six different sources of added Zn and their effect on the performance and faecal consistency score in piglets 0–3 weeks after weaning on day 28. The sources of Zn were Zn oxide (ZnO), Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), porous ZnO, Zn-glycinate, amino acid-bound Zn and hydroxy covalent-bound Zn added at 100 mg/kg (ZnO and ZnSO4 also added at 1000 mg/kg), in a total of eight treatments (n = 12/treatment). Pigs were individually housed, and titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker in the feed. The digestibility of Zn on day 14 post-weaning was negative for all six Zn sources at 100 mg Zn/kg, indicating insufficient Zn supply. The digestibility of Zn differed according to the Zn source, but the digestibility of Zn from ZnO and ZnSO4 did not differ between processed inorganic or chelated organic sources of Zn. However, the differences in Zn digestibility between Zn sources were not reflected as differences in the serum Zn status, feed intake, gain or probability of diarrhoea.


For every project manager, how to improve the quality of power modules and expedite the process of project development has become a common issue. In this paper, some tools like FMEA, failure matrix, checklist and their application in the development of power modules are introduced and analyzed. How to use these tools in design, verification, reliability and test are explained based on real cases, and what is the benefit for developers if all these tools are used in combination is presented. In conclusion, the application could greatly improve the quality of products and save cost in development.


The existence and properties of phase-space structures in current-carrying pair plasmas is studied by means of the finite amplitude expressions of the pseudo-potential method. Emphasis is given to double layers, solitary structures and periodic waves. The results can be applied to electron–positron plasmas as well as to plasmas containing heavier charged particles with the same mass and opposite charges, such as fullerene ions and dust particles. They can also help to understand numerical simulations that showed the spontaneous formation of phase-space holes in linearly stable regimes.


ABSTRACT Influenza is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide and there is limited information on the impact of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus on mortality after the 2009 pandemic. Using national mortality register data through 1998–2015 in Mexico, influenza-associated mortality was estimated for respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause events. The proportion of influenza-associated respiratory and cardiovascular deaths among different age groups were compared. There were 8,853,986 death registries included for the 1998–2015 winter seasons, average influenza-associated respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality rates were 5.2, 6.3, and 19.6 deaths/100,000 population, respectively. The largest number of respiratory influenza-associated deaths occurred in adults 60 years of age and older, followed by children <5 years of age; during the 2009 pandemic, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014 winter seasons there was a larger number of deaths in the 20–59 years old group. Influenza-associated mortality rates showed a continuous reduction in children <5 years of age. After the 2009 pandemic, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus-associated mortality in Mexico showed a persistent change in the demographic pattern of the most severely affected population, particularly during the 2013–2014 season. Influenza associated-mortality has decreased in children <5 years of age and continue to be elevated in adults >60 years of age.


This study is concerned with developing models of pitch regulated fixed speed (PRFS) type of wind turbine generators (WTG) used as distributed generation (DG) sources and demonstrating its application for steady state analysis. The model for this class of WTG developed here facilitates the computation of point of common coupling (PCC) voltages for a specified wind speed. The proposed model has been used to study the impact of WTG integrating in power system by different number of WTG on terminal voltage variation. In addition, the fluctuation of voltage has been investigated in different bus bars of power network by increasing the number of WT according to different wind speed samples. The application of the proposed models for the load flow analysis of radial systems having WTG has been demonstrated. The load flow method that has been used in this paper is balance radial load flow based on forward-backward method. Simulation studies have been carried out on a 33 bus IEEE radial distribution system having WTG sources to illustrate the application of the proposed models which is developed by using Matlab.


SDSS 1355+0856 was identified as a hot white dwarf (WD) with a binary companion from time-resolved SDSS spectroscopy as part of the ongoing SWARMS survey. Follow-up observations with the ARC 3.5m telescope and the MMT revealed weak emission lines in the central cores of the Balmer absorption lines during some phases of the orbit, but no line emission during other phases. This can be explained if SDSS 1355+0856 is a detached WD+M dwarf binary similar to GD 448, where one of the hemispheres of the low-mass companion is irradiated by the proximity of the hot white dwarf. Based on the available data, we derive a period of 0.11438 +- 0.00006 days, a primary mass of 0.46 +- 0.01 solar masses, a secondary mass between 0.083 and 0.097 solar masses, and an inclination larger than 57 degrees. This makes SDSS 1355+0856 one of the shortest period post-common envelope WD+M dwarf binaries known, and one of only a few where the primary is likely a He-core white dwarf, which has interesting implications for our understanding of common envelope evolution and the phenomenology of cataclysmic variables. The short cooling time of the WD (25 Myr) implies that the system emerged from the common envelope phase with a period very similar to what we observe today, and was born in the period gap of cataclysmic variables.


This Special Issue of the IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems (JETCAS) is dedicated to novel contributions to the field of programmable metamaterials. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of this paradigm, whereby the electromagnetic response of the metamaterial can be encoded into a string of bits. This allows to control electromagnetic waves using well-defined software directives and, further, to incorporate and combine them within systems to give rise to a plethora of new applications in fields such as sensing, wireless communications, or holography.


The non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is a good approach in capturing the detail of images, so that it has a wide range of applications in image denoising. In order to improve the denoising effect of NSCT method of medical ultrasound images, the local intuitionistic fuzzy entropy (LIFE) theory is employed in this work to suppress the noise in the high-frequency coefficients of NSCT. On combination with the LIFE theory and the directionality of the coefficients' distribution of NSCT, the directional local intuitionistic fuzzy entropy (DLIFE) method has been put forward to calculate the corresponding noise suppression factor to remove the noise in the high-frequency coefficients of NSCT. The experiments on both Barbara image and medical ultrasound image show a better denoising effect than the original NSCT soft threshold method and the wavelet soft threshold method.


This paper presents an analysis and experimental study of the Kinect's depth sensor. Particular attention is given to resolution, quantization error and random distribution of depth data. The effects of color and reflectance characteristics of the object are also analyzed. The study examines two versions of Kinect sensors, one dedicated to operate with the Xbox 360 video game console and the more recent Microsoft Kinect for Windows version.


This research is underpinned by the sociocultural perspective of communities of practice which situates learning and students' use of strategic actions to achieve the desired goals in the practices of their communities. Strategic use of the English language is the focus of this study and the aim of this research was to establish whether differences in the strategic use of writing skills in English exist between students of various educational backgrounds. A self-reporting questionnaire on the writing strategy use was distributed among 94 students enrolled in the Foundation Year in one university. The questionnaire items were classified into subgroups, including cognitive, metacognitive, social, affective, compensation, memory, and negative strategies. The results showed that no differences exist among students in all groups in terms of the overall strategy use and in each questionnaire subgroup. Data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. All results were statistically insignificant. The findings from this study have implications for the theory of communities of practice, suggesting that sources of student choices regarding the use of English skills to study science might be related more to their individual agency rather than specific communities of practice.


The xenoestrogen alkylphenols 4-nonylphenol (3.4 mg/L) and octylphenol (6.0 mg/L) were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a biocatalyst. Substrate transformation required about one mole of peroxide per mole of phenolic compound. A high degree of conversion of alkylphenol was achieved within a 3-h reaction time. In the case of 4-nonylphenol, HRP treatment led to complete disappearance of Microtox toxicity. Results of the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay demonstrated that the reaction products of HRP-catalyzed 4-nonylphenol conversion lacked estrogenic activity. A new approach to the YES assay has been suggested based on observations made during this study.


An investigation on old tree and famous wood resources was conducted by GPS orientation and measurement on the spot in Changchun district,China.The results showed that there are 1299 old tree and famous wood which belong to 10 families,13genera and 14 species.Finding 3 trees have attained the national standards of Grade II and others at Grade Ⅲ in the trees of more than 300a;the mean age is 147 a,mean diameter at breast height is 84.9 cm,mean high is 15.8 m,mean crown width is 11.9 m;these trees have a general health status,parts of them have urgent needs for active rescue and protection.


Objectives: We have implemented a bio-inspired algorithm, particle swarm optimization method of miRNA subset selection to indentify the irreverent and redundant miRNAs for proper assessment of cancer diagnosis. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study we develop a creative multitier framework for subset selection to improve accuracy of caner classification. In the first tier we have used different filter methods to rank miRNAs according to their class relation then using union operator we have created a combinational model (Second tier) which consist of top ranked features of individual filter methods. Here the miRNAs are indentified according to their ranking with the threshold value defined. In third tier (feature pre selection model) improvised competitive swarm optimization algorithm is used to generate feasible optimal subset from the generated weighted miRNA in second tier to detect the biomarker gene for cancer detection. To minimize the gap between exploration and exploitation we have used Mamdani Fuzzy interference system. All selected genes from the fourth tire (feature reselection) is classify with classifier such as KNN. Findings: The objective has successfully achieved by implementing improvised competitive swarm optimization technique. Experimental result demonstrated that the proposed ICSO-KNN performs better than other method like PSO, PCA and PSO-KNN. ICSO-KNN outperformed with less error and larger amount of new solutions. Application/Improvements: We have four tier frameworks as an efficient feature selection algorithm which outperforms better. This approach may help to use any other metaheuristic feature selection to solve multimodal subset problem.


[Objective]The aim was to discuss the influencing factors of paclobutrazol on rice growth and development.[Method]Three different Japonica rice varieties were soaked into 100 mg / L paclobutrazol solution for 48 hours and then directly sowed to observe their seedling status and determine their economic traits and yield,taking clear water soaking seeds as control.[Result]Paclobutrazol inhibited the early growth of seedlings,delayed the growth period of direct seeding Japonica rice,and further extended the growth cycle of rice.Paclobutrazol had no effect on inhibiting the first section growth of Japonica rice,this also indicated it was little useful to help direct sowing Japonica rice have the ability of lodging resistance.Comparing with the number change of seedlings of the control group,paclobutrazol had a significant inhibitory effect on the tillering rate of direct sowing Japonica rice,and reduced the spike rate of direct sowing Japonica rice and resulted in its low yield.[Conclusion] Paclobutrazol soaking seeds makes the direct sowing Japonica rice have yield reduction tendency,so it is not suggested to use paclobutrazol soaking seeds in rice sowing directly cultivation.


This paper presents a verification technique for dense-time MTL based on discretization. The technique reduces the validity problem of MTL formulas from dense to discrete time, through the notion of sampling invariance, introduced in previous work [FR06]. Since the reduction is from an undecidable problem to a decidable one, the technique is necessarily incomplete, so it fails to provide conclusive answers on some problem instances. The paper discusses this shortcoming and hints at how it can be mitigated in practice. The verification technique has been implemented on top of a tool for discrete-time bounded validity checking; the paper also reports on in-the-small experiments with the tool, which show some


Vegetables play important role in nourishment, different microorganism were observed in fermented vegetables using various chemicals. The isolated organisms were then identified by the morphological characterization, biochemical test, Sugar fermentations, catalase and oxidase activity. Crude bacteriocin was extracted from the optimized production medium. The extracted crude bacteriocin was partially purified by dialysis and then purified using column chromatography. The purified bacteriocin samples were separated by SDS-PAGE to determine its molecular weight. The purified bacteria samples were tested for its stability by treating it in different temperatures for several minutes and with different pH. After that, the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin, treated at different temperature , pH was found by agar well diffusion assay. Finally the preservative effect of the purified bacteriocin were tested with apple juice and it was found to be active as a preservative.


ABSTRACT Trade policy constitutes a significant part of the European Union's (EU) foreign policy. The EU's emphasis on global trade liberalization in the 21st century is most evident through its ever increasing number of modern, deep, bilateral trade agreements. However, aspects of EU trade policy and bilateral agreements are hotly contested. We examine this by comparing the rhetoric employed by European civil society organizations from 2013 through 2020. While the focus of contestation and the rhetorical strategy remained fairly consistent, the effects of contestation (politicization, institutionalization of new processes) changed, largely due to the presence or absence of negotiations on a deep trade agreement with an economic and political equal perceived to have greater bargaining power. This study contributes to the literature on norm contestation and politicization by providing empirical evidence that mere contestation is insufficient for politicization, and by showing show that perceived bargaining strength influences trade politicization.


Solid-state image-pickup devices (10), including: at least one first photoelectric conversion section (11B, 11R) disposed in a substrate (11); a second photoelectric conversion section (11G) disposed over the substrate and including an organic photoelectric conversion layer (16); and an ultraviolet protective film (18) that covers a light incident surface of the organic photoelectric conversion layer, and methods of producing the same.


absence of the peroneus longus is also unreported. Rupture of one or both peroneal tendons is a rare phenomenon.' Abraham and Stirnaman' report the only case of rupture of both the left peroneus brevis and peroneus longus tendons proximal to the superior peroneal retinaculum in a 48-year-old diabetic woman. Munk and Adams' reported a case of rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon in a 27-yearold male after sharp dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle. Burman' reported a partial tear in association with a giant peroneal tubercle, and Evans4 reported a complete tear in a 20-year-old male following an inversion injury in a football match. Davies3 reported a tear of peroneus longus presenting as a lateral compartment syndrome in a 26-year-old athlete. Absence of the peroneus longus muscle is not a recognized anatomical variation.8. 9.11 Tendinous slips from peroneus longus to the base of the 3rd, 4th, or 5th metatarsal bones or to the adductor hallucis occur as does fusion of the two peronei8.9 and anomalous peroneal tendons.6,10


Background and Aim: Central blood pressure (BP) and central hemodynamics are immediate and discrete parameters inferring about the cardiovascular system. They can be studied noninvasively by pulse wave analysis (PWA). Before use, these parameters need normative baseline study to set reference values. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 900 normotensives, aged 15–65 years (divided into five subgroups). Oscillometric PWA was accomplished by Mobil-O-Graph (IEM, Germany). Aortic BP, cardiac output (CO) and index, peripheral resistance, stroke volume and index, stroke work, difference between brachial and aortic systolic, and pulse pressure were the studied parameters. They were analyzed further with respect to subgroup based on age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Multiple regressions were done to find significant predictors of central hemodynamics. P < 0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Result: There were five age-based subgroups from 15 to 65 years, showing increase in central BP- and CO-related parameters age. Males had significantly higher results than females except heart rate (HR) and peripheral resistance. BMI ≥23 was related to significantly higher results. Age, HR, height, weight, and BMI were not significant predictors of PWA parameters. Central hemodynamics were predicted by brachial BPs, systolic and diastolic more than mean or pulse. Conclusion: It is feasible to assess central hemodynamics by PWA. Age, gender, BMI, HR, and brachial pressure affect the central hemodynamics in normotensive individuals. These baseline data can be referred for the future studies in our population.


Through the comparison between object-oriented method and traditional structure design method, combined with the application of object - oriented method in Personal Infonnation Management System, the basic modular and ordinary procedure of object-oriented program are described in information system desiga


To ascertain the influence of Calvin on the Heidelberg Catechism has been complicated by at least three circumstances: (1) Olevianus' acknowledgement that the catechism was the work of many pious people from Switzerland: (2) the fact that many facets of the Catechism's content were common currency during the 16th century; (3) the obvious independence of the Reform movement in the Palitinate. In this article it is argued that the typical Calvinian accent on the three-fold office of Christ as reflected in the Heidelberg Catechism is perhaps the dearest example of Calvin's influence. Yet even in this respect the Heidelberg Catechism retains its own character by condensing Calvin's exposition of the triplex munus in his Genevan Catechism.


Abstract Events that can be characterized as hours of boredom which rapidly change into moments of terror, are now evolving into mere milliseconds of mayhem interjected into perhaps even months of monotony. This organisation of human supervisory work, while perhaps one inevitable consequence of the present evolutionary line of automation and autonomy's proliferation, may profoundly disserve the human operators involved. These latter individuals readily become ever-more remote from the inner loops of control. Such distancing is characterised by a progressively diminishing necessity for the operator to interface, interfere, interrupt, or even interpret on-going operations. This emerging and increasing profile of task demand threatens to make human workers inefficient, ineffective, or perhaps altogether redundant even during such off-nominal and/or emergency events. In framing this general argument, a specific analysis is provided here of such transition events as a foundation from which to suggest remediating strategies that may, at least temporarily, address such a profoundly inhuman work profile. Other avenues to help redress and even dissolve this growing discord and dissonance are identified and advocated. The question as to the degree to whether such strategic HF/E exhortations swim against an inexorable tide of technological development is also considered.


The emergence of pico projectors as a part of future mobile devices presents unique opportunities for collaborative settings, especially in entertainment applications, such as video playback. By aggregating pico projectors from several users, it is possible to enhance resolution, brightness, or frame rate. In this paper we present a camera-based methodology for the alignment and synchronization of multiple projectors. The approach does not require any complicated ad hoc network setup among the mobile devices. A prototype system has been set up and used to test the proposed techniques.


An approach to the implementation of large neighbourhood (r>1) cloning templates in cellular neural networks (CNNs) is presented while the number of interconnections and the circuit complexity are preserved at a level which is practical for existing VLSI technology. The proposed method employs mixed pass transistors logic and analog circuitry to implement r>1 CNNs. Simulation results are presented to confirm the viability of the proposed methods.


Based on the actual production data of ASP (Angang Strip Production) hot strip rolling line, mechanical properties of thin gauge X70 pipeline steel were simulated by BP neural network method. Recursive functions were used to verify the mechanical properties which calculated by BP neural network. Based on predicted mechanical properties with high precision, BP neural network and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were combined to establish the temperature schedule of X70 pipeline steel during ASP hot strip rolling. It is shown that there are four important temperatures during ASP hot strip rolling, such as rough rolling temperature, refine start rolling temperature, refine finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature. Temperature difference of adjacent stages and temperature of former stage is a linear function relationship. For a given mechanical properties, deviations between simulated temperature and actual temperature are within ±10°C. This method can be used to produce different strips with the same compositions but different strengths by regulating suitable temperature schedule, so it is effective to resolve conflicts during hot strip rolling.


The bagasse generated as residue during the process of fiber extraction of the fique or sisal (Furcraea sp.) has been evaluated in raw state, washed and thermally activated for the adsorption of chlorothalonil (CLT). The study was developed at 25 ℃ the effects of contact times, biomass dose and pH were investigated. The bagasse was characterized using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In the thermally activated material was found a significant change in the signal spectroscopics. The experimental data obtained in this study shows that the fique's bagasse is a material with potential to be used in adsorption of pollutants. The maximum uptake was 57.143 mg·g -1 for the thermally activated material. This outcome constitutes a good contribution in environmental and technical terms.


Recently, many studies on product design have utilized online data for customer analysis. However, most of them treat online customers as a group of people with the same preferences while customer segmentation is a key strategy in conventional market analysis. To supplement this gap, this paper proposes a new methodology for online customer segmentation. First, customer attributes are extracted from online customer reviews. Then, a customer network is constructed based on the extracted attributes. Finally, the network is partitioned by modularity clustering and the resulting clusters are analyzed by topic frequency. The methodology is implemented to a smartphone review data. The result shows that online customers have different preferences as offline customers do, and they can be divided into separate groups with different tendencies for product features. This can help product designers to draw segment-based design implications from online data.


Aging is associated with increased incidence and/or severity of neurodegenerative pathologies. Oxygen‐mediated events are being considered as possible mechanisms responsible for the increasing neuronal vulnerability. Lipoxygenases are enzymes that, as cyclooxygenases (COX), can insert oxygen into the molecule of arachidonic acid and thereby synthesize inflammatory eicosanoids: leukotrienes [due to 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) activity] and prostaglandins (via COX activity). It appears that 5‐LOX is expressed in central nervous system neurons and may participate in neurodegeneration. 5‐LOX‐triggered cell death may be initiated by the enzymatic activity of 5‐LOX but could also occur via the nonenzymatic actions of the 5‐LOX protein; new data point to the possibility that 5‐LOX protein exerts actions such as interaction with tyrosine kinase receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, and the nucleus. The expression of neuronal 5‐LOX is susceptible to hormonal regulation, presumably due to the presence of hormone‐responsive elements in the structure of the 5‐LOX gene promoter. The expression of the 5‐LOX gene and the activity of the 5‐LOX pathway are increased in elderly subjects. One possible mechanism of such 5‐LOX up‐regulation implies the contribution of aging‐associated hormonal changes: relative melatonin deficiency and/or hyper‐glucocorticoidemia. Thus, the 5‐LOX pathway could become a promising target of neuroprotective therapies for the aging brain.—Manev, H., Uz, T., Sugaya, K., Qu, T. Putative role of neuronal 5‐lipoxygenase in an aging brain. FASEB J. 14, 1464–1469 (2000)


The aim of the study was to investigate whether a fatiguing exercise on treadmill affects balance performance in recreationally active men and women. Nineteen subjects, aged 18-26 years, were assessed before and after a fatiguing exercise, using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Fatiguing exercise was performed on treadmill using the Bruce protocol. A significant effect of fatigue was present in men ( P 0.05). These findings suggest that a fatiguing exercise induced by means of treadmill increases postural sway in healthy subjects, and that this increase in postural sway is sex-independent.


The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (All-PSCs) has ascended rapidly arising from the development of polymerized small-molecule acceptor materials (PSMAs). However, numerous insulating long alkyl chains which ensure the solubility of the polymer result in inferior aggregation and charge mobility. Herein, we propose a facile random copolymerization strategy of two small molecule acceptor units with different lengths of alkyl side chains and synthesize a series of polymer acceptors PYT-EHx, where x is the percentage of the short alkyl chain units. The aggregation strength and charge mobility of the acceptors rise linearly with increasing the proportion of short alkyl chain units. Thus, the PYT-EH20 reaches balanced aggregation with the star polymer donor PBDB-T, resulting in optimal morphology, fastest carrier transport, reduced recombination and energy loss. Consequently, the PYT-EH20-based device yields a 14.8% PCE, a 16.0% improvement over the control PYT-EH0-based device, accompanied by an increase in Voc , Jsc , and FF. This work demonstrates that the random copolymerization strategy with short alkyl chain insertion is an effective avenue for developing high-performance polymer acceptors, which facilitates further advances in the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based generalized online method for sensor response linearization and calibration. Inverse modeling technique is used for sensor response linearization. Multilayer ANN is used for inverse modeling of sensor. The inverse model based technique automatically compensates the associated nonlinearity and estimates the measurand. The scheme is coded in MATLAB® for offline training and for online measurement and successfully implemented using NI PCI-6221 Data Acquisition (DAQ) card and LabVIEW® software. Manufacturing tolerances, environmental effects, and performance drifts due to aging bring up a need for frequent calibration, this ANN based inverse modeling technique provides greater flexibility and accuracy under such conditions.


A case is reported of a young woman presenting with symptoms of so-called multiple personality disorder. It is proposed that this condition should be viewed as a non-specific psychiatric symptom.


This study presents results obtained from the data of KIC 6044064 (KOI 6652). KIC 6044064 was observed by the Kepler Mission for a total of 1384.254 days. 525 minima times were determined, 264 of which were primary minima and the rest were secondary minima. The OPEA model was derived and its parameters were obtained. On the secondary component, there are two different spot bands latitudinally outstretched, consisting of three spots located with a phase interval of 0.33. The average migration period was found to be 623.063±4.870 days (1.71±0.01 years) for the first spot group, while it was 1125.514±7.305 days (3.08±0.02 years) for the second group. The spectral types of the components seem to be G7V+K9V. Their masses and radii were determined to be 0.86Mʘ and 0.89Rʘ for the primary component and 0.54Mʘ and 0.62Rʘ for the secondary component.