Yeast cells (Endomyces magnusii and Saccharomyces vini, Megri strains 139-B) were subjected to an x-ray dose of 150 and 250 kr. Cells containing 11.5% fat were grown by increasing the sugar content and decreasing the content of glycolic acid and phosphorus in the growth medium. Cells with a low fat content of 2.2% were also subjected to radiation. The fat-rich cells of Endomyces magnasii were more resistant to radiation than the fat-poor cells, as determined by the number of viable cells grown on an agar-wort medium (28% survivals as compared to 9.6% for the fat-poor cellsl. Significant recuperation of the fat-rich cells was noted in 24 hours, but the fat-poor cells had shown hardly any recovered. Maximum reactivation (78.5%) of the fatrich cells was noted on the 4th day, while the fat-poor cells showed maximum reactivation (62%) on the 5th day. With a dose of 250 kr the comparative figures are 26.4 and 13.6% respectively. Examination of the cells by luminescent microscopy with Nile blue (1: 40,000) showed that the fat reserves are utilized by the cell in the process of recuperation. Yeast cells of Saccharomycetes vini, Megri 139-B strain, gave analogous results. (TTT)


This article makes an analysis early education,practical education,the combination of love and education,and defy the education.Summing up historical experience and learning from the best ideas it aims to promote education in our home today on theory and practice of reform and development.


Practical implications – Since trait openness (specifically its learning component) benefits decision-making contexts, it makes trait openness a worthy criterion to include when screening aspirant retail middle managers. The benefits of trait openness (specifically its learning component) for middle managers and their teams (especially when they are feeling bored) are indicated, since learning neutralizes the negative effect feeling bored has on appropriate confidence levels in retail management decision-making contexts.


Over the past 30 years, the lion's share of research on stress and coping has focused almost exclusively on the coping efforts used by individuals, describing types or modes of coping strategies and their effects on physical and mental health outcomes. Major life stressors do not limit their influence to individuals but instead spread out like crabgrass to affect the lives of others in the individual's social network: family, friends, coworkers, neighbors, and even whole communities. Quite simply, people cope in the context of relationships with others. And those "others" are affected by the same stressors in a pattern of radiating effects (Kelly, 1971). Yet relatively few coping researchers have investigated how intimate partners cope with stress as a couple or how the coping efforts of partners mutually influence each other. It seems that an essential step toward further clarification of the relationship between stress and health involves examining coping as it naturally occurs within the context of significant relationships, in particular, the marital or marital-type relationship. The past decade has witnessed the development of several theoretical frameworks for studying how couples cope together with life stress. Whereas there were only a few contributions published on stress and coping in couples before the 1990s, an increasing amount of theoretical and empirical work on this topic has emerged in the last decade (see Fig. 1). A number of researchers, primarily in the United States and Western Europe, became interested in how coping research could move past the individual level to


A hominoid upper molar from Hostalets, recently recognised in collections from the 1920s housed at the Museu i Laboratori de Geologia del Seminari (Barcelona) is assigned to the genus Dryopithecus; this may well be the first dryopithecine tooth to have been collected in the Vallès-Penedès. With Hostalets as one of the older EuropeanDryopithecus localities, hominoiddispersals into Europe are discussed here as well. These coincided with dispersals ofother mammals, and such events were related to eustatic sea level changes and global climate. The first hominoid may have entered Europe 15.5 Ma ago (beginning of MN 5); its affinities are not clear. Since the European remains of Griphopithecus are at least 3 Ma younger, they are likely to represent a different species, and might even represent a different genus. Griphopithecus entered Anatolia probably not later than 14 Ma ago (late MN 5), and not later than 12.5 Ma ago (late MN 6) it entered Europe. The ages of hominoids from Klein Hadersdorf and Çandir are close; these occurrences might represent the same species. Remains from Neudorf-Sandberg much younger. Dryopithecus may have entered Europe also 12.5 Ma ago, coming directly from Africa.


In order to arrange radar network reasonably and effectively in the defence region with the limited radar resources,the optimal object function which is satisfied with requests of continuity and strictness in radar network coverage was established according to each radar's contribution to the defense regional coverage,then a group of particles for each radar was randomly generated by a PSO algorithm,and the candidate solution of each radar's position in the feasible solution space was searched.At the same time,each radar's candidate position was coordinated by a installed harmony controller to satisfy the global optimal solutions of radar network arrangement.The simulated result indicates that the method is effective and feasible.


Scheduling of jobs to the distributed heterogeneous resources in grid is a complicated problem. In grid computing system, when all jobs are assigned to the same resource leads to the high work load for the resource and the computational time of the processed jobs is also high. Efficient job scheduling algorithm is essential to achieve high system throughput and for the effective resource utilization. This paper presents a grid architecture model as a collection of clusters. The proposed hybrid job scheduling algorithm which performs the intra cluster and inter cluster job scheduling. The hybrid job scheduling algorithm is developed by integrating Divisible Load Theory (DLT) and Least Cost Method (LCM). The proposed hybrid job scheduling algorithm will reduce the processing time, processing cost and improves the resource utilization. Experimental results obtained showed that the hybrid job scheduling algorithm is a promising algorithm for scheduling of jobs in heterogeneous grid environment.


The article discusses the movie, Lantana, where in the landscape is demonstrated as a crime scene to elaborate on the power possessed by the Anglo-Australian society. A complete semiotic analysis of the film is presented.


In recent years, applying deep learning to solve physics problems has attracted much attention. Data-driven deep learning methods produce operators that can learn solutions to the whole system of partial differential equations. However, the existing methods are only evaluated on simple flow equations (e.g., Burger's equation), and only consider the generalization ability on different initial conditions. In this paper, we construct CFDBench, a benchmark with four classic problems in computational fluid dynamics (CFD): lid-driven cavity flow, laminar boundary layer flow in circular tubes, dam flows through the steps, and periodic Karman vortex street. Each flow problem includes data with various boundary conditions, fluid physical properties, and domain geometries. Compared to existing datasets, the advantages of CFDBench are (1) comprehensive. It contains common physical parameters such as velocity, pressure, and cavity fraction. (2) realistic. It is very suitable for deep learning solutions of fluid mechanics equations. (3) challenging. It has a certain learning difficulty, prompting to find models with strong learning ability. (4) standardized. CFDBench facilitates a comprehensive and fair comparison of different deep learning methods for CFD. We make appropriate modifications to popular deep neural networks to apply them to CFDBench and enable the accommodation of more changing inputs. The evaluation on CFDBench reveals some new shortcomings of existing works and we propose possible directions for solving such problems.


A study of photoluminescence (PL) of InAlAs grown on InP by molecular beam epitaxy was performed in a wide range of temperatures and excitation intensities. A novel defect-related transition has been observed for the first time by 120–180 meV below the near band edge PL line of InAlAs. The novel band appears in the spectra only in a limited range of temperatures around 50–160 K. In that temperature range the band may dominate in the PL spectrum. The characteristics of the band show that it is related to recombination via deep centres located in potential wells created by the alloy clustering. We show that by establishing quasi-stoichiometric conditions on the growth surface we were able to grow layers which show virtually zero intensity of the defect-related transitions and luminescence efficiencies by 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than that in the samples grown under standard conditions.


Proteins are the final products of genes, which help perform the function encoded by the gene. Proteins are composed of amino acids and play important roles in the cell. All enzymes (except ribozymes) are proteins that act as catalysts to affect the rate of reactions. Proteins are also regulatory molecules, and some are hormones. Transport proteins, such as hemoglobin, help transport oxygen to various organs. Antibodies that defend against foreign particles are also proteins. In the diseased state, protein function can be impaired because of changes at the genetic level or because of direct impact on a specific protein.


Attempts to measure the quality of teaching and learning have resulted in an overreliance on quantitative performance data and the normalisation of a set of reductionist practices in England's further education sector in recent years. Focusing on lesson observation as an illustrative example and drawing on data from a national study, this article examines the application of observation and its impact on further education teachers' practice. In viewing lesson observation through a complexity theory lens and contextualising it against the wider neoliberal backdrop of the marketisation of education, we seek to critique the inadequacies of current reductionist approaches to teacher evaluation, whilst simultaneously opening up a debate regarding the consequences of seeing classrooms as complex adaptive systems. In focusing on performative models of lesson observation in particular, the article exposes what we perceive as some of the epistemological and methodological shortcomings of neoliberalism in practice, but also offers an alternative way forward in dealing with the contested practice of evaluating the quality of teaching and learning.


Objective:To study the changes of lipids metabolism in diabetic patients with lower molecular weight heparing hemodialysis (LMWH HD), we conducted a comparative study of lipids metabolism in patients on LMWH HD and patients on standard heparing ( unfractionated heparing, UFH)hemodialysis. Methods:32 diabetic hemodialysis patients were randomized into two groups, 16 patients were in the LMWH HD group with lower molecular weight heparing while another 16 in the standard heparing group with unfractionated heparing. Both groups were dialyzed for one year.Results:The serum cholesterol(CHOL),triglyceride(TG)were found decreased and high-density lipoprotein(HDL),ApoA 1 increased in LMWH group, while serum TG, LDL increased and HDL decreased in UFH group. No significant difference of ApoB change was found between the two groups. The comparison between LMWH and UFH group showed that there is no significant difference of CHOL? TG? HDL? LDL ?ApoA 1, and ApoB at the beginning of hemodialysis, while after 1 year of hemodialysis( P 0.05),there were significant differences of TG? HDL? and LDL between the two groups.Conclusions:LMWH is effective in improving lipids metabolism in diabetic hemodialysis patients.


The laying environment for 110kV cables laying in pipes is complicated and is more affected by environmental factors. In order to calculate the dynamic core temperature of 110kV cables laying in pipes more accurately, 5 kinds of environmental factors for 110kV cables laying in pipes are analyzed through finite element simulation. And the dynamic environmental thermal resistance is added to the transient thermal circuit model. An optimization method for calculating the dynamic core temperature of 110kV cables laying in pipes is obtained and the calculation accuracy of this method is compared with the existing method.


AbstractThe fuel octane number affects the fuel consumption and emission characteristics of vehicles powered by spark-ignition engines. An investigation on the effects of commercial types of gasoli...


Major recent advances in our knowledge of contractile system function revealed that smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in important ways. These differences are appropriate for muscle in the walls of hollow organs that must play a skeletal role in stabilizing organ dimensions against imposed loads as well as shorten and do work. Compared with striated muscle, smooth muscle has a comparable or somewhat greater force generating ability (when normalized to cell cross-sectional area) and physiologically undergoes greater length changes although the underlying contractile systems have a comparable shortening capacity (7,ll). A combination of biochemical (5), structural (12), and mechanical (7) evidence shows that the sliding filament/ crossbridge mechanism is valid for smooth muscle. What distinguishes contraction in smooth muscle are parameters that depend on crossbridge cycling. Shortening velocities are very slow. This reflects the expression of myosin (crossbridge) isoform(s) with


AbstractData collected from a convenience sample of 250 women in Florida, age 55 and older, were used in a discriminant analysis to predict the characteristics of older women who would be likely to anticipate moving to smaller dwelling units and who would be making preparations for disposing of excess possessions. Predictor variables included housing conditions, demographics, and personal variables including personality types and feelings about possessions. Women who anticipate moving tend to have more resources and opportunity. They are more likely to be younger, married, have higher incomes, and be living in single family housing in urban areas. They have not moved to smaller housing in at least 10 years and although they are still accumulating possessions, they feel the pressure of limited resources (time, energy, mental) for caring for their possessions. Potential movers are more likely to have personality types which make them more open to new ideas and experiences, and adapt more easily to new situa...


The effective length of soil nails is one of the critical parameters ensuring the reinforcing effect, and its accurate estimation is of great significance for the safety of the slope and deep foundation pit supporting projects. Traditional quality insurance methods, such as nail pullout tests, suffer from a series of drawbacks including being destructive, high cost, and time-consuming. In contrast, non-destructive testing (NDT) has been increasingly applied in various engineering fields in the past decades given its advantages of not damaging the material and easy operation. However, the current application of NDT in soil nail length measurement is relatively limited, and its accuracy and reliability are yet to be quantitatively evaluated. This paper introduces three methods for estimating soil nail length based on guided wave theory and collects 116 sets of NDT data for nail length. The accuracy of the NDT in soil nail prediction is statistically analyzed using the model bias method. The results show that those methods can accurately predict the nail length with an average error of less than 3% and a low dispersion of 12%. The accuracy of the NDT methods is not affected by the hammer type or estimation method. Furthermore, this paper proposes a model calibration to the original NDT method, which improves the model's average accuracy by 3% and reduces dispersion by 4% without increasing computational complexity. Finally, the probability distributions of the model biases are characterized. This study can provide practical tools for fast estimation of in situ nail length, which is of high significance to supporting slopes and deep foundation pits.


We compute the Jordan constant for the group of birational automorphisms of a projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2_{\mathbb k}$, where ${\mathbb k}$ is either an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, or the field of real numbers, or the field of rational numbers.


Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and the influencing factors.Methods: The Calgary questionnaire for health-related quality of life of patients with sleep apnea and the Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS) were used to evaluate the quality of life and excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS) in OSAHS patients and simple snoring patients.The Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between the SAQLI and body mass index(BMI),neck collar,abdomen circumference,sleep architecture,respiratory disturbances and EDS.Results: There was a difference in each aspect between OSAHS patients and simple snoring patients.The SAQLI was significantly correlated with EDS.Conclusions: The health-related quality of life in patients with OSAHS is reduced.EDS is an important influencing factor for the health-related quality of life in patients with OSAHS.


Objective:Combination the theory and thinking of TCM with data mining technology,to research advisor SUN Gui-zhi professor's clinical experience on prevention and treatment the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer,and to provide a new thinking for succeeding and digging the academic thought of famous veteran teran doctors of TCM.Methods:To take advisor's prescription and medicine as the clues,351 pieces of the primitive prescription were carried out to analyze from multi-angles.Regularity was summarized as follow:Results:① Gastric cancer was divided into six basic syndromes by Syndrome differentiation and treatment.Six elementary formulas were used commonly and respectively.② There were 214 pieces of drug in all prescriptions.According to frequency distribution,to sum up 23 pieces of drug were used the most frequently.③ According to the drug property theory of traditional Chinese drug,the majority drug properties were the warm and the neutral in nature.In addition to,bitter cold drug were second.④According to functional classification of drugs,it was the first place that a kind of the tonification drug in 61 pieces of drug which were seen the most frequently.It was the second place that a kind of the drug for heat-clearing and detoxicating and a kind of the drug for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis and a kind of the drug for regulating Qi flow.Conclusion:To develop simultaneously strengthening healthy Qi to eliminate pathogens was advisor academic thought core of prevention and treatment gastric cancer,and simultaneous application of purging-tonifying therapy was her fundamental therapeutic principle.


This report contains results from a study conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory where 18 certified plant operators rated each of three safety parameter display formats against a 155-item MDRS representing six cognitive dimensions. Each of the displays contained information regarding the status of nine distinct plant parameters which fluctuated as a function of plant conditions. The displays were integral with a plant simulator, and operators observed the displays perform dynamically. Preliminary findings suggest that, while all dimensions were internally consistent as measured by Cronbach's alpha, that only two, content integration and cognitive processing, discriminated among formats.


This study demonstrates the use of UV spectroscopy (UV) in combination with chemometrics as a simple and feasible approach for analysis of variety, adulteration, quality and ageing of apple juice. The results show that PCA-UV is adequate to differentiate apple juice varieties and adulteration. The percentage of the adulterant can be detected by PLSR-UV with RMSE 0.9980. For the evaluation of juice quality, PLSR-UV (RMSE=0.2555-2.3448; R-2=0.7276-0.9816) is recommended for the prediction of soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, total sugar and reducing sugar, whilst PCR-UV (RMSE=0.0000-2.7426; R-2=0.7073-1.0000) is adequate for the prediction of pH and antioxidant activity. In addition, PLSR-UV may be used to predict the storage time with RMSE=0.4681day and R-2=0.9832. Therefore, UV coupled with chemometrics has potential to be developed as a portable tool for the detection of variety, adulteration, quality and ageing of not only apple juices, but also other fruit and vegetable juices.


Background and Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, costly and preventable disease and is at present the fourth leading cause of death globally. To study the outcome of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and to analyse the risk factors predicting adverse outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients and Methods: A Prospective study was conducted over a period of one year, from December 2021 to December 2022, Minimum of 50 patients, both male and female with AECOPD getting admitted to a Tertiary care centre were included in this study. Results: Of the 50 patients studied, 42 were males; all of them were smokers (84%). The mean age was 64.34 ± 10.47 years. The mean duration of the disease was 10.04±6 years. All patients presented with cough, recent worsening of Dyspnea and increased sputum purulence/volume. 70% patients had one or more associated co-morbid illness, majority had hypertension (40%). Of 32 patients with Respiratory failure on admission 17(53.12%) patients had Type II and 15(46.28%) had Type I failure. 44 patients received medical management and 6 patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Overall mortality was 5 (10%). 20 variables were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Univariate sensitivity analysis revealed that presence of altered sensorium (P=0.001), Hypotension (P=0.02), cyanosis (P=0.00463), pedal edema (P=0.02), presence of infection (P=0.024) Severe Acidosis (P=0.012), Hypercapnia (P=0.016), cor pulmonale (P=0.04), at the time of admission and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (P<0.001) as predictors of mortality. Conclusions: 64% of AECOPD presented with respiratory failure, majority were type II. Overall mortality was 10%. Altered Sensorium, pedal edema, presence of infection, cyanosis, hypotension, severe acidosis, hypercapnia and presence of cor pulmonale at the time of admission predict adverse outcome. Those who need invasive mechanical ventilation had high mortality. Survivors had less hospital stay.


We have described two high-performance hybrid integrated modules for the broadcast-and-select photonic ATM switching node. The requirements for the modules were achieved using hybrid integration technologies that employ the PLC platform. The 8-channel optical wavelength selector module obtained precise waveguide length control and low optical crosstalk by direct PLC-PLC attachment and hybrid integration of the SS-SOA arrays on the PLC platform.


Introduction Technology (IT) has had a radical impact on business processes in both developed and developing countries. It facilitates the streamlining of the administrative process and enables the decentralisation of the scope and scale of the business. An accounting information system (AIS) is the system of records a business keeps to maintain its accounting system. This includes the purchase, sales, and other financial processes of the business. The purpose of AIS is to accumulate data and provide decision makers (investors, creditors, and managers) with information to make decisions. While this was previously a paper-based process, most modern businesses now use computerised accounting software such as Sage, Peachtree, Pegasus, Oracle Financial, Iris etc. These are referred to as computerised accounting information system (CAIS). It should be noted that computerised accounting information systems (CAIS) and IT- based accounting systems mean one and the same thing. Both of these will be used interchangeably in this dissertation.


The invention discloses a one-way transient voltage suppression chip of low reverse leakage current. The one-way transient voltage suppression chip of low reverse leakage current comprises a P-type monocrystalline silicon wafer, and the P-type monocrystalline silicon wafer is provided with a heavily doped P-type region and a heavily doped N-type region. The inner side of an insulating passivated protection layer extends to the edge area of the upper surface of the heavily doped N-type region, a first metal layer as a negative electrode covers the central area of the heavily doped N-type region, and a second metal layer as a positive electrode covers the lower surface of the heavily doped P-type region. The upper area, making contact with the heavily doped N-type region, of the heavily doped P-type region and the peripheral area located at the edge of the heavily doped P-type region are provided with light doped N-type regions, the upper surface of each light doped N-type region makes contact with the lower surface of the heavily doped N-type region, and the outer side face of each light doped N-type region makes contact with a groove. According to the one-way transient voltage suppression chip, in a tunneling breakdown mode, leakage current from the surface is reduced, the reverse leakage current of the whole device is greatly reduced, energy consumption is further reduced, local temperature rise of the device is avoided, and the stability and the reliability of a circuit are improved.


As a supporter of social education the university library's opening service play an important role in improving the construction of socialist culture.It is becoming the future direction and the development goal that how the university library to do their best in the process of establishing the harmony society and maintaining themselves sustaining development with their opening service.


Thermal decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide and bis(4-substituted benzoyl) peroxides in diphenyl ether or anisole affords phenyl benzoate and 4-substituted benzoates, respectively, arising from ipso-substitution in the aryl ethers by the corresponding benzoxyl radicals.


This article is also accessible online at: http://BioMedNet.com/karger Dear Sir, During hemodialysis (HD), human blood leukocytes come into contact with surface material of the dialyzer membrane, soluble membrane constituents, complement or other plasma products activated by the dialyzer materials, solute and microbial products in the dialysis bath, and the effect of pumping blood into the HD circuit. These interactions lead to the production of a variety of cytokines and growth factors, and the release of some cell enzymes and proteins. Several groups have demonstrated that patients dialyzed on cellulosic membranes have increased circulating interleukin-1 (IL1) before the dialysis session, further elevated at the end of the dialysis session [1, 2]. However, others failed to show significantly elevated IL-1 in the plasma of HD patients both before and after dialysis [3]. Amyloidosis of patients on chronic HD was previously related to their treatment with cellulosic/ bioincompatible membranes and increased levels of ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG) [4]. This matter was disputed by other authors [5]. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a cellulosic membrane (cuprophan), and a biocompatible membrane (polyacrylonitrile, PAN) on IL-1 and ß2-MG production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ten patients on maintenance HD for 25– 73 (median 43) months participated in the study. PBMC were isolated from 15 ml of heparinized blood drawn at 7 a.m. before dialysis, and layered over Ficoll hypaque. Suspensions of 2 ! 106 PBMC were incubated for 48 h alone, or with cuprophan or PAN membrane fragments. Stimulation studies were performed by adding phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 30 Ìg/ml to the incubation medium. ß2-MG was determined in the medium by a radioimmunoassay kit from Phadebas (Farmacia, Sweden). For IL-1 determination, the IL-1· (125I) system from Amersham (UK), based on the competition between unlabeled IL-1 and a fixed quantity of 125I-labeled IL-1 for a limited number of binding sites on an IL-1-specific antibody, was used. A marked basal and PHA-stimulated production of both IL-1 and ß2-MG by PBMC of HD patients was demonstrated (table 1). IL-1 levels with cuprophan and PAN membranes were lower than in supernatants from control cultures; the mitogenic effect of PAN was absent. The ß2-MG level in supernatants was markedly reduced in the presence of cuprophan or PAN membrane fragments, and the mitogenic effect of PAN was absent. This study shows that cuprophan and PAN membranes do not generate an excess of IL-1 and ß2-MG in vitro and that this model cannot be used for biocompatibility testing. This simplified model lacks other blood constituents participating in a cascade of events, dialysis fluid, microbial contamination and blood pumping. ß2-MG is extensively adsorbed to the dialyzer membrane,


Since Pratt (J. Exper. Psychol., 13, 1930, 278-285) called attention to the phenomenon that high tones were phenomenologically higher in space that low ones, several researches were made, but the results were not in accord with one another.The purpose of this study was to observe the tendency of tonal localization along the vertical dimension.Including the preliminary experiment, four experiments were carried out in the soundproof room using the sound-cage. Os were always blind-folded and were seated in the center of the sound-cage, 160 cm in diameter, without the head-rest. Six or seven pure tones from 250 cps to 4100 cps were used as stimuli. They were led from a TYPE M-III no. 5111 Oscillator to a telephone receiver and were presented in haphazard order, from various positions. Os were divided into four groups in Experiment I and II, and two groups in Experiment III, according to the degree of their knowledge about this experiment.The preliminary experiment dealt with determining the various direct conditions for the main experiments, such as headmovement, participation of other modalities in localizing response, and the method of localization, etc.In the first experiment, Os were asked to localize each tone with their arms.Six tones (250-, 500-, 1125-, 1750-, 2000-, 4100) were presented from seven positions (Fig. 1). With the exception of the case where the souhd source was at 90°(Fig. 2), the displacements of the localization'were measured (Table 1).In the second experiment, the localizations by the verbal indication of the positions on the scale were made (Table 2).Through these two experiments, the average values of the displacements, for every observer of the four groups, came out uniformly in the order, from top to bottom, 4100-, 2000-, 1750-, 1125-, 500- and 250-.In the third experiment, following the example of Dimmick & Gaylord (J. Exper. Psychol., 17, 1034, 598-599), the displacements were measured : Os were asked to localize with their arms the tones (250-, 500-, 900-, 1125-, 1750, 2000 and 4100) coming from a telephone receivers In this experiment, tones were led from two different sources : (1) The position No. 4. in Experiment II. (2) The position got by movingt the former horizontally to the right by 45°.The results were shown in Table 4.Throughout all these observations, the results might be taken as supporting Pratt's proposition that high tones were phenomenologically higher in space than low tones. However, it was found in the preliminary experiment that this proposition was not applicable exactly to the tones of extremely high frequencies and to small pitch differences.


Real-life data on the effectiveness and safety of biosimilar and biologic drugs licensed for treatment of psoriasis is lacking. We retrospectively analysed patient records from 69 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated at the department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark in the period March 1st 2015 to October 1st 2017 who were administratively switched from the anti-TNF biologics infliximab (Remicade) and etanercept (Enbrel) to the biosimilars Remsima and Benepali, respectively. Approximately 25% of patients treated with infliximab and approximately 40% of patients treated with etanercept reported a worse effect after being switched from the original drug to its biosimilar. Quality of life was worse in approximately 30% after switching in both patient groups, respectively. The number of patients reporting adverse events increased in both groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


has been much research about XML storage and information retrieval. Traditionally XML documents are mapped onto relational databases. Then the data can be queried by relational queries. Nowadays many digital libraries store XML documents in a native XML database. Native means that the documents are stored and retrieved in their original format. An important task of such a database is indexing the documents. Indexing the XML data will improve the retrieval speed when querying. There are several methods for indexing XML documents that will be discussed in this paper. Keywordsindex, semi-structured, updating, sequence, path


The invention relates to a method for preparing a novel Ti-substrate PbO2 electrode, belongs to the technical field of novel electrodes, and in particularly relates to a technique for preparing the PbO2 electrode with high beta-PbO2 content based on a Ti substrate. The method mainly comprises the following three steps of: selecting and pre-treating the substrate, preparing a middle layer and carrying out anodic electrodeposition of PbO2. The method for preparing the novel Ti-substrate PbO2 electrode, disclosed by the invention, is used for optimizing the method and conditions for prpearing the PbO2 electrode so as to form a novel electroplating method, wherein the novel electroplating method comprises the following steps of: firstly preparing the middle layer, and electrodepositing to obtain PbO2 so as to obtain the Ti-substrate PbO2 electrode with high betal-PbO2 content.


This dissertation is a study of the role in the political and social transformation of Cuba of two of the most distinctive institutional products of the Castroist regime's pursuit of mass-''participation" in the construction of socialism: the Committees for the Defence of the Revolution (CDRs) and the Popular Courts (Tribunales Populares). Based upon field-work conducted during the author's fifteen month stay in Cuba in 1968-69, the dissertation documents the genesis , development and day-to-day functioning of these formations up to mid-1973, employing for this purpose the findings of an intensive investigation of organisational life in a selected working class neighbourhood of Havana, as well as printed sources. The role of the institutional framework of the revolutionary regime in fostering or inhibiting significant social change is further probed in an analysis of the problems of change corresponding to the trilogy sex, religion and colour. Whilst three phases are distinguished in the evolution of the CDRs since 1960, it is found that this organisation has always functioned more effectively as an agency of political 'integration' than as a counter-weight to bureaucratic forms of rule. Both positive and negative features are ascribed to the Popular Court experiment, which is expected to have a permanent influence on the development of the judicial system following the letter's impending "unification". Adopting an interpretation of the legacy of the pre-revolutionary society which conflicts at certain points with previous treatments, the analysis of contemporary social trends concludes that progress in this area since 1959 has been uneven. This is attributed to overall deficiencies in the institutional framework of the regime, especially to the absence of organisations of the soviet type and to the continued weakness of the Cuban Communist Party.


The PURPOSE of the research is carrying out experimental works on smelting the charge pelletized according to the developed methods with the use of fine metallurgical waste of silicon production. METHODS. The following research methods are used: mathematical planning of a three-factor experiment, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), chemical, gravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis. RESULTS. The methodology of charge pelletizing with the production of a solid porous structure is proposed. An equation of a multivariate polynomial is obtained. It demonstrates mutual influence of three pelletizing parameters (sintering duration, binder content and coarseness of silicon screened particles) on the strength of pelletized charge. Experimental smelting of pelletized charge in the induction furnace of HTF 17/10 type at the temperature of 1710 ± 5 °C allowed to obtain pilot specimen of the product containing an average of 44.3% of silicon carbide that is an essential intermediate compound in silicon metallurgy. CONCLUSION. Conducted experiments show the principal possibility to use waste products in the production technology of metallurgical silicon as pelletized additives to the main (lump) charge.


In market economy through the exchange of labor commodity,labor enters the process of production and labor access is separated into the power of employers to dominate labor access and the power of laborers to use labor directly.Here the power to dominate labor access and the power to use labor directly belong to two economic agents,and therefore constitute the indispensable contents of production process.The enterprise system that admits the power of laborers to use labor directly should be established to make it share the profit and change capital employing labor into collaborative labor in which capital and labor are equal and win together,which is helpful for mobilizing the enthusiasm and creativity of laborers,shortening the gap in income distribution and realizing common prosperity.


Edge computing has seen tremendous advances in recent years. This progress made it possible to develop mobile applications with greater computational needs that will be able to provide useful insights to users concerning both their habits and their health, by performing computations locally on the mobile device and thus keeping all the data and protecting their privacy. The purpose of this work is to provide a proof-of-concept of an image recognition and analysis app for patients that have undergone breast cancer. The patient takes a snapshot of her breast, and the app runs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and outputs a classification of breast cosmetic status. We show that it is possible to implement computationally heavy machine learning models in edge devices and to provide real-time status monitoring to users through image analysis done on images taken from the camera of their smartphone, without the photo leaving the device. The app module may enhance a larger-scale system that uses patient-sourced image data to test the effects of surgery or radiotherapy treatment on patients.


The short arm of chromosome 16 is rich in segmental duplications that result in chromosomal rearrangements through non‐allelic homologous recombination. Several syndromes resulting from microdeletions or microduplications in this region have been reported. The chromosome 16p12.2–p11.2 deletion syndrome, 7.1‐ to 8.7‐Mb [OMIM#613604] is characterized by minor facial anomalies, feeding difficulties, a significant delay in speech development, and recurrent ear infections. Reciprocal duplications of 16p12.2–p11.2 have been reported in some patients with autism. We identified a patient with a 16p12.2–p11.2 deletion and a patient with a 16p12.2–p11.2 duplication using oligonucleotide SNP array. The patient with the deletion showed severe developmental delay without autism. The patient with the deletion shared clinical features with previously reported patients. The patient with the duplication showed mild developmental delay and autism. She had dysmorphic features including a round face, a large mouth, and relative macrocephaly. We reviewed the reports of the two syndromes and compared the clinical manifestations. The 16p12.2–p11.2 duplication syndrome is a new syndrome with autism spectral disorders and dysmorphic features. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


When a woman finds out she is going to have a baby, she dreams of holding, cuddling and feeding her baby. If her choice is to breastfeed, she may also envision that positioning her baby at the breast will be simple and comforting. Many women are able to breastfeed easily without set-backs, but there are some who must cope with the pain and frustration of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which can arise during or after a pregnancy. CTS can interfere with a woman's ability to perform everyday activities with her hands, including breastfeeding. It's important to look at how CTS affects women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and to explore techniques and treatments to help alleviate the pain and discomfort it can cause.


This article attempts to consider the responses of readers both in the metropole and within the subcontinent to a poem of which Jane Welsh Carlyle wrote: "I should like well to have conceived 'The curse of Kehama' – But I would not have written it for a thousand guineas." Opening with an Elephanta picnic, it examines a wide array of critical and scholarly reactions which testify to the imaginative power and accuracy of Southey's poetic representation of Hindostan. Its detailed attention to "costume" led many, including seasoned India hands, to measure or recall their subcontinental experiences by the light of Southey's epic, which convinced some of its most informed readers that he had actually made the passage to India. It focuses upon reactions to the physical and moral attractions of the poem's heroine Kailyal, a character whom the young Percy Shelley thought "divine", rendering Kehama "my most favourite poem." The inspiration for Kailyal is viewed not only in the obvious subcontinental shapes of Śrī Lakshmī and Śakuntalā, but also in terms of Biblical Orientalism and the influence of Klopstock's Messiah. The significance of "Cidli" in both Klopstock's epic and Klopstock's life, as the name he chose to give his beloved avant la lettre epipsyche Margaretha, is considered in respect to the influence upon Southey of their love conceived as predestined and indivisible through all time.


Optimization of a crystallization batch process typically aims at maximizing the grown seed mass, while keeping the unwanted nucleated mass at a sufficiently low level. A crystallization process is afflicted with various physical and engineering sources of uncertainty, which revoke the optimality of open-loop batch processes. This paper proposes and thoroughly compares diverse control methods and strategies for the recovery of optimality conditions under uncertainty. The optimization techniques here use the flatness property in a transformed time (τ-) domain. Substantial differences between optimization scenarios in the presence of uncertainty and control strategies with temperature or supersaturation input realization in both the real time t− and transformed time τ− domain are further highlighted. In particular, it is shown that due to the inherent feedback, realization of the optimal temperature profiles in the τ-domain, as well as supersaturation profiles in the t−domain are superior in terms of robustness.


This chapter examines the process by which Hobbes, in the 1630s and early 1640s, began to establish a strong contrast between eloquence on the one hand and the procedure he terms 'logic' on the other. It argues that the contrast did not involve a wholesale rejection of rhetoric, but was, rather, an attempt to point up the necessity for philosophical discovery of the new logic Hobbes was currently attempting to develop. There was, for Hobbes, nothing wrong with rhetoric as such; the problem lay in philosophy, which he saw as having failed to produce certain knowledge (scientia) because of its reliance on the procedures of rhetorical argumentation (in particular, the enthymeme). The chapter argues for the significance, in his philosophical development, of Hobbes's search for certain knowledge of ethics through close study of Aristotle's account of the passions in the second book of his Rhetoric.


Introduction: Community Engagement and the All of Us Research Program. Community engagement is a proven and effective tool to enhance participation in research by increasing access and awareness of medical studies. Increasing access and awareness of medical studies with an emphasis on populations who have been historically underrepresented in biomedical research (UBR) has also shown to expand the reach of innovative and novel breakthrough therapies in early detection to improve cancer outcomes. To ensure that advances in early detection improve cancer health inequities for all, early engagement has been demonstrated to be critical. Early and ongoing engagement has been at the core of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us Research Program. All of Us adheres to the community engagement principles of information-sharing, consultation, involvement and collaboration in decision-making, and empowered action in informal groups or through formal partnerships. Since its inception in 2015, the overarching goal of the All of Us community engagement strategy has been to create a program that reflects the needs, preferences, and priorities of individuals in the U.S. inclusive of UBR communities. As such, program participants and partners have been involved in all aspects of the program including governance, oversight, design, conduct, dissemination, and evaluation. All of Us has accomplished unprecedented advances in the inclusion of UBR populations by building the largest, most diverse biomedical resource of its kind: 80% of program participants are from UBR communities covering a broad range of age, social, racial, ethnic, cultural, geographical, and health statuses. Additionally, nearly 50% of participants self-identify as racial and ethnic minorities. This inclusion of diverse communities throughout the program moves us closer to achieving health equity in biomedical research and ensuring more precise care for all.
 The Role of Early Community Engagement in Mitigating Cancer Disparities. Our ability to have a diverse participant pool is due in large part to intentional and early community engagement efforts together with the creation of an ecosystem built to support community partners. Research shows that community engagement can help mitigate cancer health disparities by increasing communities' knowledge of the importance of healthy behaviors such as screening, awareness of research, building trust in research, and improving study design and ethics. All of this combined with groundbreaking progress in early cancer detection and available therapies has the potential to transform patient care. Immunotherapy and gene therapy, a better understanding of fertility preservation in cancer treatment, and how artificial intelligence (AI) models can predict patients' risks of breast cancer are only a few recent and transformative advances that are driving progress against cancer. While these and other advances are promising, many UBR communities have not benefited equally from this progress. Historical, systemic, and structural barriers, such as the digital divide and lack of access to and awareness of clinical trials, are preventing the achievement of equitable advances in precision medicine and cancer research. Early and intentional community engagement efforts must be put in place to ensure that these innovative advances reduce cancer disparities and improve cancer prevention and detection in medically underserved groups. For instance, we must consider the role that "ZNA" (zip code or neighborhood association) or "place and space" has on cancer. We know that ZNA can be just as important in the precision medicine and cancer journey as someone's DNA. Research has not always been conducted in places where the populations reflect the diversity of the U.S. Most cancer oncology trials and cancer treatment centers may not be accessible to those that carry the greatest burden of disease, which leads to greater disparities. Similarly, researchers play an essential role in community engagement; studies have shown that being engaged by a research team that reflects the diversity of the population being studied leads to greater participation in research, better retention, and adherence to recommendations.
 Conclusion: These are only a few reasons why engaging UBR communities in the early phases and throughout the duration of research studies is important to identify the right problems, formulate the appropriate questions, and build mutual trust and transparency. Redefining participants' roles not as "patients" or "subjects" but as true partners will improve health outcomes and better address health care for all, leading us to a future where precision engagement drives research along with rigorous science and where community engagement ensures equity and inclusion in precision medicine for all.
 Objectives: This presentation will (a) describe how early engagement can lead to mitigation of cancer disparities, (b) discuss best practices of early and intentional community engagement, (c) outline the All of Us engagement ecosystem, and (d) explore the future of engagement in building sustainable, cohesive, and equitable communities.
 Citation Format: Karriem S. Watson. Early Engagement Equals Early Detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr PL03-05.


The article is focused on the stress analysis of plane specimens made from hypocutectoid steel, using digital image correlation. It is steel used in the manufacture of railway wheels for freight transport. The aim of the article is to measure the displacement fields by using digital image correlation, from which the strain fields are subsequently calculated. By processing the obtained values using the virtual fields method, the isotropic elastic constants and the hardening behaviour were obtained, which are used to calculate the subsequent stress fields, and they are also used to draw a diagram of engineering and true stress. The maximum average values of stress obtained from true stress – true strain diagram were 990 ± 21 MPa and from engineering diagram 897 ± 18 MPa. The deviation between maximum true and engineering average values of stress was 9 %. The stress fields obtained for 25 and 58 % strains are illustrated in the article. K e y w o r d s : digital image correlation, virtual fields method, true stress-true strain diagram, engineering diagram


The refractive index difference (nsol‐ nwater) and density difference (ρsol ‐ ρwater) of lysolecithin sols indicate a change in the properties of the sols in the region of 0ṁ02 per cent w/v, above this concentration the refractive index difference:concentration relation and the density difference:concentration relation are linear. Values for the partial specific volumes of lysolecithin in water, calculated from density measurements, are given. Surface tension:concentration measurements at four different temperatures indicate that the critical micelle concentration increases with an increase in temperature. Values for the change in heat content in the molecular aggregation process, calculated from the temperature coefficient of the critical micelle concentration are small and negative, increasing numerically from 3432 calories at 20° to 6100 calories at 40°. The associated entropy changes in this process are small and show a slight increase negatively with an increase in temperature.


The three Workman Creek watersheds were instrumented to determine the hydrology of mixed conifer forests and to determine the changes in streamflow and sedimentation as a result of manipulating the forest vegetation. A small riparian cut on North Fork did not increase water yields. A selection timber harvest, improvement cut, and fire which removed 45% of the basal area on South Fork increased yields slightly. In contrast, converting 32.4 ha (80 acres) of moist site forest to grass significantly increased water yields on the 100.4-ha (248 acre) North Fork watershed. Water yields were increased even more after 40.5 ha (100 acres) of dry site pine forest were converted to grass. An increase of 69 mm (2.70 in.), or 84%, of expected runoff resulted from the combined treatment. Clearing 83% of the South Fork watershed preparatory to planting ponderosa pine significantly increased water yields by 93 mm (3.67 in.), or by 111%.


The speeds of development and evolvement of sub-dialects and local dialects in Yi northern dialect are very different,which provides good compared materials for researching the development and evolvement trends of sound of Yi northern dialect. The compound consonant initials and compound vowel finals only exist in Suo Di sub-dialect,but are gradually disappearing. Only Yi Nuo sub-dialect to has open-up lip vowels,but they are in the process of disappearing. The pre-nasal voiced sounds have already weakened and disappeared in Tian Ba local dialect and Yue Xi sound of Sheng Zha sub-dialect.


Introduction Subtraction Time-of-flight (TOF) venography has recently been introduced as a method to image the veins of the entire legs with continuously moving table [1]. The acquisition time is an important issue for that method. In this study two variants of the GRAPPA algorithm [2] are investigated which avoid the acquisition of extra k-space lines for calibration. The z-GRAPPA algorithm [3] combines calibration data from spatially adjacent slices. The second method denoted as c-GRAPPA explicitly takes the subtraction TOF venography acquisition scheme into account. This technique is based on the subtraction of two images per slice position where the blood signal of the arteries only or the arteries and the veins are saturated respectively. Compared to conventional GRAPPA no significant loss of image quality could be observed for the experiments conducted for this study.


Meshless approaches enable discretizations of a computational model only by a set of nodes, which do not need to be connected to elements. This paper presents the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method, which belongs to truly meshless approaches, as it does not require any kind of mesh or background cells for either interpolation or integration. Full displacement and mixed formulations are presented. The full displacement approach is used for the solution of a three-dimensional elasto-static problem, while the mixed approach is applied for the modeling of deformation responses of shell-like structures. The modeling of material discontinuities is performed by the mixed meshless local Petrov-Galerkin approach by employing the collocation method. The efficiency and accuracy of all the presented methods are tested and compared with finite element formulations in numerical examples. It is demonstrated that the meshless approaches may be considered an alternative to the well-known finite element method regarding certain problems.


detected at Syowa Station, Antarctica, by means of differential-Doppler measurements of the 150 and 400 MHz beacon waves from six NNSS satellites. It is found from statistical analysis that (1) the medium-scale TID's at high-latitudes appear quite often during geomagnetically quiet and moderately disturbed conditions, and their occurrence seems not to increase with increasing geomagnetic activity, (2) they attain the maximum activity in winter and the minimum in summer, (3) diurnal variation shows the maximum occurrence around 1400-1600 LT with a second maximum around midnight, and (4) most of the medium-scale TID's propagate from south toward the cquator. These findings are compared with TID observations using NNSS


The Kuwaiti dialect has been enriched by borrowing many of its words from other languages, neighboring or distant. Despite the geographic and cultural remoteness, many French words have slipped into the vocabulary of the Kuwaiti dialect. This adventure of foreign words in the Kuwaiti dialect reflects the influence of the French language beyond its traditional borders, but also openness of the Kuwaiti dialect to other languages that have enriched it with their terms. Many works are devoted to French words borrowed from Arabic. This study proposes to take the opposite way to trace the borrowing of French words into the Kuwaiti dialect. KEYS WORDS : Borrowing, French words, Kuwaiti dialect ةفرعملاو ةءارقلل ةيرصملا ةيعمجلا ةفرعملل ةيلودلا ةيعمجلا وضع ILA


This study describes the cloning of the gene encoding a novel phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Kangiella koreensis (KkPAL) into pET19b expression vector. Optimization of protein expression and purification conditions yielded 15 mg pure soluble protein from one liter of E. coli culture. Enzymatic activity measurements of the ammonia elimination reaction from different natural aromatic amino acids proved the protein to be a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The isolated protein showed remarkably high, 81.7 °C melting temperature, making it especially suitable for biocatalytic applications.


A one‐dimensional reaction‐transport model is used to investigate the dynamics
of methane gas in coastal sediments in response to intra‐annual variations in temperature
and pressure. The model is applied to data from two shallow water sites in Eckernforde
Bay (Germany) characterized by low and high rates of upward fluid advection.
At both sites, organic matter is buried below the sulfate‐reducing zone to the
methanogenic zone at sufficiently high rates to allow supersaturation of the pore water
with dissolved methane and to form a free methane gas phase. The methane solubility
concentration varies by similar magnitudes at both study sites in response to bottom water
temperature changes and leads to pronounced peaks in the gas volume fraction in autumn
when the methanic zone temperature is at a maximum. Yearly hydrostatic pressure
variations have comparatively negligible effects on methane solubility. Field data
suggest that no free gas escapes to the water column at any time of the year. Although the
existence of gas migration cannot be substantiated by direct observation, a speculative
mechanism for slow moving gas is proposed here. The model results reveal that free gas
migrating upward into the undersaturated pore water will completely dissolve and
subsequently be consumed above the free gas depth (FGD) by anaerobic oxidation of
methane (AOM). This microbially mediated process maintains methane undersaturation
above the FGD. Although the complexities introduced by seasonal changes in temperature
lead to different seasonal trends for the depth‐integrated AOM rates and the FGD,
both sites adhere to previously developed prognostic indicators for methane
fluxes based on the FGD.


The clinical signs of inappetance, poor body condition, pityriasis and decubital skin lesions in 22 stall-fed buffaloes of 18 to 20 months of age warranted the present clinical investigation. The animals were clinically examined and history was collected on feeding and management conditions. The animals had been held on wheat straw based diet supplemented with 0.5 to 0.8 kg concentrate (devoid of vitamin premix) without access to green forage for the last seven months. Six animals had skin sloughing, rough coat, abrasion and two buffaloes were on sternal recumbency and were unable to get up. Blood samples were collected by jugular venepuncture from eight randomly selected from the 22 affected buffaloes, with varying degrees of clinical signs, and from fi ve control buffaloes of a similar age group, who were provided with ad lib green fodder to serve as control. Serum samples were analyzed for blood glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorous. Aspartate animo-transferase (AST) and alanine amino-transferase (ALT) activities were signifi cantly (P<0.01) lower in serum from affected animals, indicating reduced hepatic function. Alkaline phosphatase activities (AP), along with serum cholesterol level were also signifi cantly (P<0.05) lower in zero-green fed animals compared to the controls. Blood copper and zinc concentrations were statistically comparable in both the groups, but the mean values for cobalt and iron were signifi cantly lower in affected animals. Mean plasma level of vitamin A, s-carotene and α-tocopherol was signifi cantly (P<0.01) lower in affected animals than in the controls. This is the fi rst report documenting the combined defi ciency of vitamin A and its precursor scarotene along with α-tocopherol, and the affected animals had reduced hepatic function. The present investigation strongly suggests provision of green fodder or supplementation of vitamins in the diet of buffaloes to avoid poor health and clinical signs associated with defi ciency.


Microbial and aflatoxin studies of garri and akpu cassava in Makurdi–Nigeria were assessed for microbial and aflatoxin levels. Total valuable bacteria counts (TVBC) of 1.0x105 (cfu/g) were recorded in garri in all the markets. Total valuable fungi counts (TVFC) of 2.0x105 (cfu/g) were also recorded in garri from North Bank and Kanshio markets while Wurukum garri had TVFC of 3.0x105 (cfu/g). No TVBC and TVFC were detected in the controlled garri. Akpu from North Bank, Kanshio and Wurukum markets had 3.6x105 (cfu/g), 6.5x105 and 3.2x105 TVBC, respectively; while TVFC were 2.0x105 for akpu purchased from North Bank and Kanshio markets. No TVFC were recorded in Akpu from Wurukum and the control. No coliforms were detected in either of the samples. 3 fungi isolates (Mucar spp, Candida and Aspergillus niger) and 3bacteria isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis) were isolated. 0.13 and 0.40 ppm aflatoxin were only found in garri sold in North Bank market and the control, respectively. Akpu sold in Wurukum recorded the highest aflatoxin level, 4.90 ppm. The presence of microbial isolates and aflatoxin in the samples pose major threats to the consumers. Adequate hygienic practices by these food product handlers are recommended.


The reuse of biomass ash as a fertilizer is generally recognized as good practice with several environmental benefits. However, the possible presence of leachable heavy metals in this ash limits the potential extent of its application and the implementation of an appropriate legal framework. For the first time, a method to stabilize wood ash based on the use of other by‐products (coal fly ash and rice husk ash) is presented. No commercial chemicals are employed in the procedure. The results show that despite the initial presence of leachable heavy metals in the ash, the final obtained material is stable. In addition, the lowering of pH (from 13.5 to approximately 7.5) due to carbonation reactions and the addition of Ca‐rich ash increases the phosphorous availability compared with the starting wood ash and makes the obtained material suitable for use in soil fertilization. The sustainability of the new proposed technology is quantitatively discussed with regard to the differences in embodied energy and CO2 footprint of phosphorous between raw materials and stabilized wood ash. This work shows that the prospects for energy saving and CO2 footprint reduction using stabilized wood ash as a substitute for inorganic commercial P‐fertilizers are significant and offer a new way to reach these objectives. The simplicity of the method and the general availability of the by‐products employed in the stabilization also render the procedure suitable for applications in developing countries.


The paper couples a cross-linguistic account of the category 'relative pronoun' to a language-specific analysis of the categorial status of the Serbo-Croatian invariant relativizer sto. Essential ingredients of the cross-linguistic account are (i) the claim that relative pronouns need not inflect for number, gender animacy, or case, and (ii) that relative pronouns may represent the antecedent as the topic of the relative clause, leaving the representation of the antecedent's syntactic or semantic function to a resumptive personal pronoun. The Serbo-Croatian invariant relativizer sto is argued to be categorially nondiscrete, in the sense that the Serbo-Croatian facts allow two conflicting analyses. §to can be taken as a topic representing relative pronoun — and, to a very small extent, adverb — and as a relative conjunction.


In the year 2001 the XI. International Symposium on Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ISTET'01) was held at the Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria. The ISTET conferences do have a long tradition. They were founded by a group of experts in theoretical fundamentals of electrical engineering from universities of the former East-European countries in order to establish a platform for integrating the scientific activities in the field of theoretical electrical engineering all over Europe. Thus, the first ISTET conference was held in Bratislava in 1981 and since then every two years the symposium took place in another European city. After the fall of the Iron Curtain this idea of European scientific integration could be more intensified, and by now, ISTET has gained an outstanding reputation as a forum of experts involved in electromagnetic field theory, electrical circuits and networks, and modern concepts of system theory of electromagnetic systems. Apart from the traditional fields of research in theoretical electrical engineering ISTET also aims to address the impact of these research activities on relatively new interdisciplinary technical disciplines such as mechatronics and information electronics. Furthermore, great emphasis is also laid on a permanent active discussion of educational problems in theoretical electrical engineering. The ISTET'01 in Linz brought together approximately 120 researchers from more than 25 countries. The contributions covered a broad range of topics of theoretical electrical engineering including communications and control theory. The Special Issue on ISTET'01 contains a selection of nineteen papers which, on the one hand, aims to give the reader an idea of the variety of topics having been presented at the ISTET'01, and on the other hand, fits the scope of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (IJAEM). Thus, in agreement with these demands a series of excellent papers on communication theory and signal processing were not considered for this Special Issue. To provide an overview of the papers, we briefly scan the issue below: This Special Issue opens with the first part of the paper by P. Russer, who considers the application of network-oriented methods to the modelling of electromagnetic field problems. He shows that the distributed field problem can be systematically treated by dividing the overall problem into subdomains and connecting these subdomains via a special procedure, based on Tellegen's theorem and an appropriate equivalent circuit representation. The paper by R. Lerch, M. Kaltenbacher, H. Landes, J. Hoffelner, M. Rausch and M. Schinnerl deals with the application of advanced numerical calculation schemes based on FEM/BEM in combination with multigrid methods for the description of the dynamic behavior of multiphysics sensors and actuators. A. Buchau and W.M. Rucker formulate an efficient method for the calculation of the capacitance coefficients of thin conductors by combining the boundary element method with the fast multipole method. The following three papers are concerned with wave propagation and guided waves. R. Pregla and S.F. Helfert introduce an admittance/impedance transformation concept for the modelling of waveguide circuits which is applicable for anisotropic materials and which guarantees numerical stability. Based on the generalized telegrapher's equations H. Haase and J. Nitsch develop a generalized transmission-line theory which allows the description of the wave propagation along almost arbitrary three-dimensional


A number of time series from two local PM2.5 monitoring stations were analyzed, for a small city, in North East Greece. They coincided with SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdowns and lifting restrictions. The aim of this analysis was to establish concentration exceedances and roughly apportion sources of the PM2.5 concentration problem. This was established by analyzing 24-h filter samples of trace elements using WD-XRF. It was found that the restrictions and their lifting did not significantly affect these concentrations. The main problems were assigned to emissions from biomass burning central heating and Saharan dust episodes. The study results indicate that even in small cities the air quality as far as PM2.5 is concerned can still be deleterious to the local population according to the WHO restricting levels but not according to the EU levels. The fact that PM2.5 is not a single chemical pollutant makes matters more complicated and renders such concentration upper levels, of little significance.


The present article has as main objective to discuss the paper of the new technologies of the information theoretically (internet) in our current society and its relationships with the education and work. We used the theoretical reference that considers the work as the central axis of our society and we promoted a dialogue with the new technologies that are transforming the work in all the sections of the society. The posture that the dynamics of the capitalist society demands from the school discussed and as the new technologies promote a radical devaluation of the oldest people and the present "fetichizacao" in everything that means the "last generation". Last, we make a small analysis about the production of value in the virtual ways, through a Marx's reference.


Active warning systems are traffic control devices consisting of variable signs or flashing beacons with conventional warning signs, which are activated by sensors detecting real-time roadway, environmental, and operational hazards. Currently most active warning systems detect and warn drivers of variable weather or pavement conditions, high-risk vehicle operating speeds, or the presence of intermittent hazards such as other vehicles, pedestrians, or wild animals. Within the Intelligent Transportation Systems framework, active warning systems applications detect these and other variable hazards and communicate these warnings directly to the vehicle or operator. Because most active warning systems are relatively recent, limited long-term system performance data are available. Testing and evaluation of active warning signs should continue to more firmly establish their benefits to highway safety and traffic operations. This paper provides an overview of available active warning systems and discusses their implementation requirements and potential benefits based on results and recommendations from evaluation studies.


In the field of intelligent transportation, forecasting long-term traffic conditions is an extremely critical issue for practitioners and researchers. However, the complicated and non-linear spatial-temporal traffic patterns make it challenging to solve this complex issue. Most existing traffic prediction methods ignore the hidden relationships among traffic nodes which are hard to be captured by fixed traffic road networks. Furthermore, the existing methods based RNNs are inefficient to capture long-term temporal dependencies. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Gated Spatial-Temporal Network (AGSTN), which is mainly consisted of multiple stacked spatial-temporal blocks. An adaptive spatial module and a gated temporal module are contained in each block, which can simultaneously capture hidden spatial dependencies and critical long-range temporal correlations. Experiments on the real-world traffic datasets demonstrate that our proposed AGSTN outperforms the other baselines with traffic road network and data conditions.


Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment for both malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders. However, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and malignant relapse limit its therapeutic success. We previously demonstrated that blockade of interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR) signaling in donor T cells resulted in a reduction of GvHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this study, we find that S100A9 is a novel GvHD suppressor upregulated when IFNGR is blocked in T cells. Both Ifngr1-/- and S100a9-overexpressing T cells significantly reduce GvHD without compromising GvL, altering donor T cell trafficking to GvHD target organs in our mouse model of allo-HSCT. In addition, in vivo administration of recombinant murine S100A9 proteins prolongs the overall survival of recipient mice. Furthermore, in vivo administration of anti-human IFNGRα neutralizing antibody (αhGR-Nab) significantly upregulates the expression of S100A9 in human T cells and improves GvHD in our mouse model of xenogeneic human PBMC transplantation. Consistent with S100a9-overexpressing T cells in our allo-HSCT model, αhGR-Nab also reduces human T cell trafficking to GvHD target organs. Taken together, S100A9, a downstream molecule suppressed by IFNGR signaling, functions as a novel GvHD suppressor without compromising GvL.


Peculiar type I supernovae (SN Ip's) may result from explosive helium burning in low-mass He or He-C-O white dwarfs. Incomplete He burning would concurrently explain the relatively low expansion velocities and luminosities observed in SN Ip's. The disparities between SN Ip and SN I spectra may be attributable to the distinctive reaction kinetics of explosive He burning. 22 references.


This study is to analyze the Integrated Public Service Evaluation System(IPSES), which has been based upon the Fundamental Law of Government Affairs Evaluation enacted in 1986. To this end, after exploring the evaluation factors, such as causality between policies/programs and their results, selecti...


professors with representation from the management, marketing, accounting, and finance departments. The course objectives include exposing the students to the four primary functional areas of business (operations management, marketing, accounting, and finance), emphasizing the interdependency of the functional areas, and developing basic skills required by business students (team-building, leadership, decision-making, business writing, and presentation delivery). While each professor teaches the entire course to their assigned sections, weekly team meetings among the cadre ensure that the respective subject matter expert emphasizes the key goals and objectives for the upcoming topics. The interdisciplinary course is structured around a computer business simulation called MikesBikes Intro® created by SmartSims Inc. The integrated business simulation ensures that students are forced to apply textbook concepts in an experiential learning exercise shortly after those topics are discussed in class. The sequence of topics is presented in Table 1 with the topic followed by the functional area designated as the subject matter expert responsible for the content of each. Table 1. Topics and Responsibility.


Each New Print Copy Includes Navigate 2 Advantage Access That Unlocks A Comprehensive And Interactive Ebook, Student Practice Activities And Assessments, A Full Suite Of Instructor Resources, And Learning Analytics Reporting Tools Foundations Of Kinesiology Provides A Guided Introduction To The Discipline And Professions Of Kinesiology Using A Holistic, Learner-Centered, And Skill-Based Approach. The Text Explores The Core Subdisciplines Of Kinesiology And Allows Students To Explore The Research And Physical Activity Contributions That Each Has To Offer. The Text Also Considers How The Discipline Is Crucial In Enabling Healthy Lives By Illustrating Real-Life Scenarios Across Several Chapters. The Learner-Centered Approach Stresses The Importance Of Active Engagement And Social Interaction In The Students' Own Construction Of Knowledge, Fostering Long-Term Retention Of The Content, Increased Motivation, And Higher Achievement. In Using Foundations Of Kinesiology, Students Will Have The Opportunity To Develop The Skills Necessary To Achieve Their Personal And Professional Goals While Becoming Advocates For Meaningful Physical Activity And Lifelong Learning. With Navigate 2, Technology And Content Combine To Expand The Reach Of Your Classroom. Whether You Teach An Online, Hybrid, Or Traditional Classroom-Based Course, Navigate 2 Delivers Unbeatable Value. Experience Navigate 2 Today At Www.Jblnavigate.Com/2. KEY FEATURES: -Incorporates Three Core Approaches To Learning: Holistic, Learner-Centered, And Skill-Based -Utilizes A Personal, Approachable Style In Which The Authors Act As Mentors To Students Familiarizing Themselves With The Discipline -Stop And Think Boxes Provide Questions To Help Students Better Grasp The Importance Of Certain Topics


Proto-oncogenes are normal genes in eukaryotic cells,coding proteins that participate in regulation of cell growth and differentiation,playing a significant role in the signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation.However,once affected by carcinogenic factors,their activities would undergo significant changes,causing cancers.Some bioinformatics methods had been attempted to investigate the evolution nature of the transcript of Ras.And based on the above,the evolutionary tree is constructed that shows branches of the evolutional origin of Ras as: Fungi,Tetrapoda,and Coelomata respectively.Due to the known facts that Tetrapoda and Coelomata falls into the categories of Metazoa,the evolution origin and branches of Ras could be determined.Combining the strength of other current researches in this field,the target had been located to Monosiga brevicollis.


A digital picture frame constructing a communication hot line through a communication network is provided to play multimedia information which user administers and manage the multimedia information displayed on the digital picture frame of the other user. A digital picture frame constructing a communication hot line through a communication network comprises a mode conversion part(12), a remote management part(18) and a displaying part(14). The mode conversion part activates a specific mode according to user operation information through user interface part(10). The remote management part uploads the multimedia information to a database storing multimedia information displayed on the digital picture frame of the other user. If a first mode is activated through the mode conversion part, the displaying part displays the multimedia information after downloading it from a first database(50) managed by the opponent user through the other digital picture frame(3). If a second mode is activated through the mode conversion part, the remote management part uploads the multimedia information to a second database managed by the opponent user through the other digital picture frame.


Abstract : The emerging doctrine of distributed operations (DO) presents the Marine Corps with significant human performance challenges. Although it is an emerging doctrine, many key features of DO have been fairly well-established. Instead of tactical decisions being made at the command level, they will increasingly be made by small unit leaders carrying out combat operations. Unlike traditional units, DO units will be capable of directly coordinating fire support from joint fire agencies to effectively respond to a broad range of threats. Sophisticated electronic communications will extend below the company level to small DO units to enable separation and coordination of interdependent tactical actions. Due to their expanded role, leaders of DO units must possess a broad range of leadership and decision-making skills to effectively execute missions consistent with the commander's intent. Many of these leadership and decision-making skills can be improved through interventions, such as training, assessment, classification, job-aiding, or equipment design. All of these interventions require extensive front-end analysis (e.g., job analysis, task analysis, user needs analysis) to facilitate implementation. The Marine fire support team (FiST) was selected as a DO unit proxy of small unit leadership and call-for-fire positions to allow investigation into how best to identify, train, and equip Marines to perform in these positions effectively. This report describes research completed during 2007, subsequent work currently underway, and recommendations for future work to support DO Marine manpower, personnel, and training needs.


The dilemma of empowerment partnership and empowerment in children's services lessons from New Zealand empowering professionals international perspectives empowerment in process? assessing outcomes in child welfare empowering outcomes.


List of Tables Foreword Notes on Contributors PART I: SETTING THE SCENE Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors: An Introduction E.Erman & A.Uhlin Democratic Legitimacy of Transnational Actors: Mapping out the Conceptual Terrain A.Uhlin PART II: DEMOCRATIC CREDENTIALS OF DIFFERENT TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS Democratic Legitimacy of Transnational Corporations in Global Governance D.Fuchs, A.Kalfagianni & J.Sattelberger Democratic Legitimacy of Philanthropic Foundations: US Grant-Making in the Middle East A.Vogel Good Morals or Good Business? NGO Advocacy and the World Bank's 10th IDA C.Pallas Transnational Social Movements and Democratic Legitimacy B.Beauzamy Diaspora Groups, Transnational Activism and Democratic Legitimacy C.Kinnvall & B.Petersson PART III: DEMOCRATIC PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES IN A TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXT Democratic Credentials or Bridging Mechanisms? Constituents, Representatives and the Dual Politics of Democratic Representation E.Peruzzotti Why Adding Democratic Values Is Not Enough for Global Democracy E.Erman Conclusion: Transnational Actors and Global Democracy E.Erman & A.Uhlin Index


Urban railway transit systems in big cities operate at high capacity and represent the main arteries of city transport networks. In current operations, infrastructure failures occur occasionally causing severe disruptions. In this research, we propose a novel integrated disruption management methodology for automatically rescheduling trains and controlling passenger flows for a given disruption. Our framework incorporates a train traffic management model together with a model for adjusting flows of passengers and aims to minimize the total delay of passengers, the number of denied passengers, adjustments to train services, and recover time. On the train side, we short-turn, cancel and reroute train services. On the passenger side, we reflow passengers according to a disrupted timetable and control station gates. We test our integrated disruption management approach on real-life cases and discover dependencies between delayed/denied passengers and traffic management. Our goal is developing practical solutions to this critical transportation problem that will lead to establishing advanced decision support systems to assist metro dispatchers.


A highly localized fiber Bragg grating is inscribed using point-by-point femtosecond laser direct writing technique. By monitoring the location of the cut off wavelength, we demonstrate that the FBG has a highly-linear sensitivity for refractive index (RI) measurement. By monitoring the "peak-to-dip" intensity change near the cut-off wavelength, an ultra-high refractive index sensitivity of 2924.3dB/RIU and a RI resolution of $3.4\times 10^{-7}$ are achieved. As different surrounding refractive index corresponds to different location of the cut off wavelength, this FBG based refractometer can measure RI with wide range measurement range together with high sensitivity.


The Russian model of economy of wellbeing is reflection of the structural processes proceeding in its structure. In it the degenerate processes, being characterized deindustrialization with characteristic accruing technological lag, aging of fixed capital, expansion of non-market sector and the corrupted bureaucracy, critical delay of introduction of innovations, preservation of resource-intensive technologies, growth of costs of production, decrease in national competitiveness prevail. Deindustrialization of economy generates the structural desocialization, being shown destruction of labor, intellectual, qualification potential, in falling of wellbeing of the population, delay of social elevators, deteriorations of social situations. Carrying out the state structural policy directed on formation of a social platform as driving forces of new industrialization restoration of industrial base and the accelerated development of mechanical engineering, digitalization of production and structural convergence – a basis for high-quality development of modern branches on the basis of the general digital technologies are important for its overcoming.


Dealing with forming and tinning in a low‐volume high‐reliability environment is a never‐ending challenge. This process is one of the most critical steps in SMT fabrication. The effects of forming and tinning contribute to a majority of the defects found at final inspection. The intention of this paper is to describe in detail the forming and tinning process and all that it entails. The topics include: forming, tinning, converting to an automated process, process control techniques, and statistical process capability.


BACKGROUND
 Effective health information systems support decision-making.
In some sub-Saharan African countries, including Gabon, there is a problem with data quality. Indeed, the tools supporting the data collection process in health facilities are limited and tend to favour manual data processing.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study presents the conceptual approach of an information system model for health decision support in resource-limited countries and the results of the evaluation's model.

 METHODS
 The study was conducted in three phases. First, the design and development of a platform based on the analysis of the different processes of data production and indicator generation. Secondly, the implementation of the platform in the health structures in Gabon. Finally, an evaluation of the platform with users.

 RESULTS
 A total of 14 users were interviewed, with an average experience of 12 years in health data management. The results show that the use of the proposed model significantly improves the completeness, timeliness and accuracy of data compared to the traditional system. Respectively, 93% versus 12% (p<0.0001), 96% versus 18% (p<0.0001) and 100% versus 18% (p<0.0001).

 CONCLUSIONS
 The proposed model contributes significantly to the improvement of health data quality in Gabon.


It is substantiated in the study that the pollution caused by reagent for beneficiation in the condition of photodegradation will cause secondary pollutant and secondary pollutant chain which transfers to regionality and globalism.In the condition of photodegradation,aerofloat 25~# forms biphenyl and condensed aromatics which transfers to global pollution with POPs;collectors containing sulfur(xanthate,SN_9 and benzothiazole) can release CS_2 in the atmosphere and cause artificial sulfur pollution.It is ultimately caused that global climatic change is influenced and formation of acid rain is aggravated.When collectors containing sulfur degrade,lots of micromolecule organics with functional groups are produced.These micromolecule organics become a part of the mine complex pollution and extend the transferring and hazardous areas of complex pollution caused by reagent for beneficiation and reagent for beneficiation with heavy metal.


Durable goods have interesting economic features which warrant research in various fields of modern economics. This paper examines optimal taxation...


The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli , Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous , Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers' education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.


Root zone heating on New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens X hb.) in single pots was evaluated under computer-controlled growth chamber conditions. The effects of root zone heating and air temperature on dry weight, fresh weight, leaf area (plant canopy temperature), and plant water use were determined. Measured plant water use correlated highly with plant dry matter production for both heated (r2 = 0.96) and controlled (r2 = 0.93) plants. Measured plant transpiration and evaporation rates compared favorably with values predicted by the Monteith evapotranspiration model (root-mean-square errors = 0.37 and 0.30 mm/day, respectively). Even when air temperatures were held around 128 C, a root temperature at 248 C increased plant dry matter. Total plant water use was significantly increased by higher root zone temperatures.


In this paper the Cessna Citation X clearance criteria were evaluated for a new Flight Controller. The Flight Control Law were optimized and designed for the Cessna Citation X flight envelope by combining the Deferential Evolution algorithm, the Linear Quadratic Regulator method, and the Proportional Integral controller during a previous research presented in part 1. The optimal controllers were used to reach satisfactory aircraft's dynamic and safe flight operations with respect to the augmentation systems' handling qualities, and design requirements. Furthermore the number of controllers used to control the aircraft in its flight envelope was optimized using the Linear Fractional Representations features. To validate the controller over the whole aircraft flight envelope, the linear stability, eigenvalue, and handling qualities criteria in addition of the nonlinear analysis criteria were investigated during this research to assess the business aircraft for flight control clearance and certification. The optimized gains provide a very good stability margins as the eigenvalue analysis shows that the aircraft has a high stability, and a very good flying qualities of the linear aircraft models are ensured in its entire flight envelope, its robustness is demonstrated with respect to uncertainties due to its mass and center of gravity variations.


electrodiagnostic findings. The specific molecular defect of the myopathy was identified in less than half of the patients due to the retrospective nature of the study, limited genetic testing, and the lack of a specific myopathological structural abnormality that often guides molecular testing. We agree that the prevalence of camptocormia in Parkinson disease (PD) ranges widely between 3% and 17.6%. We are also aware of the myopathic changes described in PD patients with camptocormia. However, these observations have no impact on our study, because we had excluded an associated extrapyramidal disorder in our patients, as outlined clearly in the Methods section of our study. We agree that camptocormia is a syndrome and not a disease. This is a very well established fact. Indeed, camptocormia is known to be the clinical manifestation of a spectrum of central nervous system disorders (PD, dystonia, multisystem atrophy) and various neuromuscular disorders (myopathies, motor neuron disease, myasthenia gravis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy). Essentially, clinical judgment, in combination with laboratory testing, is fundamental to establishing the etiology of the camptocormia and to avoid the potentially deleterious treatment with botulinum toxin in patients with camptocormia due to myopathy or other neuromuscular disorders.


Abstract : This report covers the work performed at the Southampton Optoelectronics Research Center into fibre optic remote vibrometry in the period 1991-1994. A number of instruments have been constructed including a passive homodyne scheme based on 3X3 coupler with digital signal processing, a simple lead insensitive heterodyne system employing a single birefringent fibre connecting the probe bead with the processing optics and a scheme using a single frequency fibre laser operating at a wavelength of 1.5 microns as an optical source. In addition we have investigated the effects of noise in the detector circuits and of laser linewidth on the fundamental sensitivity of such vibrometers and have presented the results in terms of effects on minimum detectable phase. The usage of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) in interferometric sensors of the type used in vibrometry has been considered theoretically. The conclusions are that provided an ASE filter of modest width (of the order of 1 GHz) is used at the output, the use of an EDFA in the signal arm of the interferometer is highly desirable as the low levels of received light will in general make it difficult to get close to shot noise limited detector performance. (AN)


There are such problems as convergence and stability of numerical calculations during multivariate interpolation. Moreover, it is very difficult to construct a overall multivariate numerical interpolation formula to ensure convergence for a set of irregular nodes. In this paper by means of an optimal binary interpolation formula given in a reproducing kernel space, a high precision overall two dimension numerical integral formula is established and its advantage is that it ensures the convergence for arbitrary irregular node set in the integral domain.


Background: Transitions often occur suddenly and can be traumatic to both patients with advanced disease and their families. The purpose of this study was to explore the transition experience of older rural persons with advanced cancer and their families from the perspective of palliative home care patients, bereaved family caregivers, and health care professionals. The specific aims were to: (1) describe the experience of significant transitions experienced by older rural persons who were receiving palliative home care and their families and (2) develop a substantive theory of transitions in this


This paper examines specifically a frequently employed purpose of accounting on slave plantations in the antebellum US and the pre-emancipation British West Indies (BWI) -the evaluation of slaves as assets. We attempt to explain why this exercise was undertaken and the processes involved. Slaves were paraded past plantation managers and overseers, often in the company of appraisers and bookkeepers, where narrow distinctions were made on the basis of qualitative information such as physical characteristics and productive efficiency. The paper considers certain comparative features between the two slave environments, such as the greater concern in the BWI with linking valuations to the skill sets of slaves and a valuation premium on male slaves in the US which did not exist in the Caribbean. The paper concludes with a consideration of certain moral issues of slavery, such as the potential implication of accounting and accountants in a repressive regime and the attribution of contemporary morality to an historical epoch long past.


Abstract We present linear macroscopic dynamic equations for nematic liquid crystalline side-chain polymers. The visco-elastic degree of freedom of the polymeric backbone is taken into account by a strain field, which relaxes on a long but finite time scale. Besides the usual director field to describe the nematic ordering of the side-chains we also keep the nematic order parameter modulus as a variable, in order to describe the intrinsic connection of the polymeric and nematic aspects in nematic side-chain polymers. We discuss two experiments where our concept can be tested. PACS: 61.41. + e, 61.30.-v, 05.70.Ln