1898 reforms and the success of the 1911 Revolution, his firm measures in Korea and during the Boxer risings, his intrigues against republicanism and his dubious negotiations with Japan and the Western Powers to save his own skin—and to leave to the end, in the final chapter, ' An appraisal' (pp. 236-58), a finely balanced consideration of Yuan the man. I have deliberately treated Dr. Ch'en's book as a biography, in spite of his protestations, because I think it is an excellent work of this genre. Read in any other way, the limitations of this work would be more serious, for it is not an adequate history of the last years of the Ch'ing dynasty and the first years of the Republic. None of the events of the 20 years between the Sino-Japanese War and Yuan's death in 1916 have been examined afresh, nor has Dr. Ch'en been able to use enough new material to give us an original account of these crucial years of Chinese history. Only in the handling of the economic problems and financial needs of China, which he has done lucidly, has Dr. Ch'en made a contribution to our understanding of the period. This is not meant to be a criticism of Dr. Ch'en's work. He cannot be expected at this stage to give us a thorough assessment when available primary sources are still inadequate and good monograph studies are lacking. What I want to emphasize is that Dr. Ch'en has taken a major step forward in establishing the genre of biography in the study of modern China. No Chinese scholar before him has yet succeeded in placing an outstanding modern Chinese leader squarely in the context of his time. As a pioneer, Dr. Ch'en deserves our gratitude.


The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and more particularly, to an image acquisition of an original image acquisition unit; The image obtaining section converts the resolution of the acquired original image and a resolution conversion section which together generate a plurality of reduced images having different resolutions and; And a detector for processing the plurality of reduced images generated by said resolution conversion portion to the template meching, detect a region of a picked-up image of a particular object corresponding to the template from the reduced image; By processing the detection result obtained by the detection unit, and a detection result processing section which detects the area of the captured image of the characteristic object on the original image, the detection unit may process the plurality of reduced image, as the resolution is changed in steps sequentially It relates to an image processing apparatus for detecting a picked-up image of a particular subject area. Image pick-up device, the central processing unit, an image sensor, the camera processing unit, image RAM, the face detection, the resolution converting unit, the controller, the image memory, the face detection core, the image display, a recording medium, recording and reproducing apparatus.


Aerosol particles properties depend strongly on their particle size and they have significant effects on both, human health and environment. Nanometer sized particles possess special electrical, optical, and/or magnetic properties. This is one of the reasons which started the interest towards studying aerosol particles in the nanometer size range (Chen and Pui, 1995). The most efficient tool for determining the size of aerosol particle in the sub-micrometer and nanometer range is the differential mobility analyzer (DMA). This popular tool has two coaxial cylindrical electrodes between of them a potential difference is applied and forces the charged polydisperse aerosol to migrate from one electrode to another. Only those particles which have an electrical mobility in a narrow range, the will pass through the classifier (Stolzenburg, 1988). Classifying aerosols according to their electrical mobility dates back to the first half of the 20 th century and from that time plethora different DMAs have been build and their performances have been tested according to their transfer function and size resolution. One major limitation of classical DMAs is the time it takes to scan over the entire size range to get the size distribution of the aerosol. This is especially leading to the loss of information if the aerosol is changing its size and/or concentration rapidly. This happens for instance during new particle formation events, or also when the measurement takes place on fast moving platforms, such as cars, or airplanes.


With the acceleration of economic globalization,tropical agriculture plays a prominent role in taking the advantage of agricultural resources,increasing the income of farmers in tropical areas,and promoting the comprehensive development of economy and society.Now it has become our primary task to make use of hot-zone resources,stabilize domestic market,expand international market and improve international competitiveness.Based on the references of related literature about international competitiveness,we use Trade Competitiveness Index,Revealed Comparative Advantage Index and international market share to evaluate and analyze the international competitiveness of major tropical agricultural products.Based on the "national diamond" model,we analyze the influence factors on international competitiveness of tropical agriculture.Finally,we put forward some specific proposals in the hope of increasing the international competitiveness of China tropical agriculture.


What the audience appreciate and accept of the host are the state of his /her active and living broadcasting with mature and psychological stability behind the appearance.It is a way to strengthen the host's self-sense training to correctly recognize the ego,adjust the ego and purposely apply the experience obtained in the intercourse into the practice.


The notion of "the substance of existence" is present in almost every work of Andrey Platonov. As a matter of fact, all the writer's ideas seem to boil down to this concept. It represents both, the way and the final goal of Platonov's searches as an artist. The sense of this term evaluates throughout his works. The writer starts his semantic experiments with referring to the N. Fiodorov's philosophical ideas, than he moves to analyzing the phenomenon of communism and ends with the conclusions of the universal character of Christian ideas.


An implementation of the 64-bit PowerPC Architecture optimized for the IBM AS/400 commercial environment is described. This 64-bit BiCMOS semicustom implementation runs at a clock rate of 170 MHz. The processor features a 4-way superscalar pipelined fixed point unit which can dispatch and execute up to 4 instructions each cycle, a floating point unit with a peak rate of 500 MFLOPs, 8-Kbyte L0 instruction cache, 256-Kbyte L1 cache, and support for 64-Gbyte of main storage. A 4-way rightly-coupled symmetric multi-processor system is one of several configurations supported by this implementation.<<ETX>>


In performance evaluations of communication and computer networks the underlying topology is sometimes modeled as a random graph. To avoid unwanted side effects, some researchers force the simulated topologies to be connected. Consequently, the resulting distribution of the node degrees does then no longer correspond to that of the underlying random graph model. Being not aware of this change in the degree distribution might result in a simulation pitfall. This paper addresses the question as to how serious this pitfall might be. We analyze the node degree distribution in connected random networks, deriving an approximation for large networks and an upper bound for networks of arbitrary order. The tightness of these expressions is evaluated by simulation. The analysis of the distribution for large networks is extended to k-connected graphs. Results show that specific restricted binomial distributions match the actual degree distribution better than the random graph degree distribution does. Nevertheless, the pitfall of not being aware of the change in the distribution seems not to be a serious mistake in typical setups with large networks.


As a large number of expressways in China enter maintenance period,preventive maintenance technologies such as slurry seal,modified slurry seal and micro-surfacing are being paid more and more attention. Based on the definition,specification and application scope,the paper analyses the similarities and differences among slurry seal,modified slurry seal and micro-surfacing,which would help highway engineers to proceed from actual conditions according to different locality with scientific attitude,thus carry through strict selection.


Chinese teaching in the minority,there is remarkable misapplication of punctuation.The problem mainly concentrates on the following aspects.(1) Not using normative punctuation initiatively.(2) Not knowing the basic rules of punctuation application.(3) Ignoring the basic writing of Chinese punctuation.In light of these problems,we should raise awareness of punctuation as soon as possible.In routine teaching,students should be guided with pertinency to ensure the application of Chinese punctuation by minority students.


Schiff's bases of ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzaldehydes with poly(L-α,γ-diaminobutyric acid) and poly(L-lysine) were investigated in solution of methanol and methanol-water mixtures by circular dichtroism, absorption spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The results so far obtained allow us to propose a molecular model, which fully justifies the stereospecific binding of ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde with the polypeptide chain; moreover it is able to explain the dramatic change of the chemical equilibrium in the hydrolysis reaction.


The classical Matese-Whitman theory of Oort Cloud comet perturbations has been revisited and extended. An explicit solution for the motion of the mean ascending node is given; it involves an elliptic integral of the third kind. Equations of the mean orbit are formulated in terms of the Cartesian components of the Laplace and angular momentum vectors (vectorial elements). The equations are solved in terms of elliptic functions and the solution is free of the ambiguity related to the orientation of the perihelion that was present in previous work. The Cartesian equations of motion for the vectorial elements form a Hamiltonian system of the Lie-Poisson type. This allows them to be integrated numerically by means of Hamiltonian splitting methods. The formulae of such an integrator are derived with a Hamiltonian function split into two parts.


Setting out with benefit and the practice of production, this paper studies the new technological process of alkaline-preserved eggs with zinc sulfate,soda ash and lime, and analyzes the change law and mechanism of NaOH concentration in the zinc-contained alkali solution ,the influence of different soaking temperature to quality processing of the alkaline-preserved eggs , and discusses the feasibility of the new technological process and prescription for making rich zinc contained alkaline-preserved eggs , provided the theoretical foundation of processing of alkaline-preserved eggs with the zinc salt sulfate ,lime and soda ash .


Abstract.
 Two larval instars of Quaestus (Quaesticulus) pachecoi (Bolivar, 1915) are described and illustrated for the first time. Chaetotaxy, morphology and measurements indicate that the Q. (Q.) pachecoi has a classic type of development with two instars only and larvae belong to a classic type according to the Deleurance-Glaçon classification.


Dynamic, randomicity, and scrambling make it complex to simulate plants in the computer fused remote sensing information, radiometer data, and multi-sensor data. It requires the arithmetic a better simulation data entry, and ensures actual, stable and real time export. Based on IFS arithmetic, it can be realized plants simulation effectively. The paper discusses the key steps such as S cushion affine transforming, IFS code confirming, and patching based on IFS code, and then realizing high practicable, high fusing remote sensing data simulation of normal plants.


The article deals with the beginning of virgin lands development in Kazakhstan in the 1950s. In those years there was an acute shortage of fodder crops, as vast areas of land were given to grain crops. Since the traditions of legume and fodder crops cultivation were forgotten, the specialists of the Zarechny state farm had to apply new methods to solve fodder problems under difficult conditions. The authors came to the conclusion that during the experiments, the specialists of the state farm determined the best way of sowing forage beans by means of square-breeding sowing of a mixture of corn and beans. The chosen method solved the problem of fodder for cattle to a certain extent, affecting the productivity of the dairy herd and its weight gain.


The formation of 1:1 complexes of methyl and phenyl selenocyanates with iodide (solvent carbon tetrachloride) was established spectrophotometrically in this paper. By the joint analysis of data of electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy with the results of quantum-chemical calculations of the electronic structures of the donors by CNDO/S and CNDO/2 methods it was shown that in complex formation with iodine and most probable coordinating center in the molecules of methyl and phenyl seleno(thio)cyanates is the selenium (sulfur) atom. In the molecules of nitriles complex formation goes at the nitrogen atom of the cyano group.


Background: Substance use among college and university students remains an important area of research due to the implications of early substance dependence on the future of the youth. Prior studies from various settings indicate relatively high rates of substance use among students in tertiary educational institutions. However most of these studies were based on tertiary institutions in urban settings, and few have examined substance use and its association with Gender based violence. Objective: Study aim was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with substance abuse among students, and their relationship with Gender Based Violence in a tertiary institution in a relatively rural setting. Methods: The study was conducted in November 2018 after obtaining the relevant approval from KEMRI and from the university administration. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was collected using self-reported questionnaires across all the faculties among first to fourth year students. Focus group discussions were held with a group of students and Key informant interviews were also held with the institutional administrators and student leaders. Results: A total of 412 university students completed the questionnaires. Majority were males at 57.9% and average age was 21 years. The overall prevalence of substance use was 21.1% and the most commonly used substance was alcohol at 25%. The study found out that 90% of the participants had their first time use of substances between ages of 12-20 years with median age of 18 years. www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/sshsr Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020 40 Published by SCHOLINK INC. 1. Background A drug is any substance which when introduced into the body will alter the normal biological and psychological functioning of the body especially the central nervous system. Drug abuse is the self-administration of any manner that diverts from approved medical or social patterns within a given culture (WHO/UNDCP, 2003). Substance use among students in tertiary institutions of learning remains an important area of research as it predicts substance related problems in later life. Drug and substance abuse is a public health problem. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis have remained the substances most commonly used by youth around the world with most regions showing higher rates of use among boys than girls across all the substances. Rates of alcohol and tobacco use by students in Europe have been reported to be the highest in the world (Helmer et al., 2014; Tavolacci et al., 2016). Regionally, a study among Nigerian University Students revealed a life time substance use prevalence of 46.6% with coffee and alcohol being the commonly abused drugs (Florence, Beatrice, & Pat, 2016). A similar study in Sudan found the overall prevalence of substance use to be 31%. The current prevalence of tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, amphetamines, tranquilizers, inhalants, opiates, cocaine, and heroin use was 13.7%, 4.9%, 2.7%, 2.4%, 3.2%, 1%, 1.2%, 0.7%, and 0.5%, respectively (Osman, Victor, Abdulmoneim, Mohammed, Abdalla, Ahmed, ... Mohammed, 2016). A study in South Africa reported the prevalence of 19.8% for illicit drug use, 10.6% for cigarette smoking and 39.1% for alcohol consumption among high school students (Madu & Matla, 2003). In Kenya, Odek-Ogunde et al. reported high rates of substance use among students at a Kenyan private university, with rates as high as 84% for alcohol use and 54.7% for tobacco use (Odek-Ogunde & Pande-Leak, 1999). In another study conducted by in Eldoret municipality in Kenya involving 4 tertiary colleges, (a University law campus, a diploma college, a technical college and a polytechnic), life time prevalence rates for substance use were found to be 69.1% while for alcohol was 51.9% and cigarettes 42.8%. Regarding alcohol users in the same study, 97.6% of the students had consumed alcohol the week prior to study (Atwoli, Mungala, Ndungu, Kinoti, & Ogot, n.d.). Kuria et al. found alcohol use prevalence of up to 15% among secondary school students while Kwamanga et al. found lifetime cigarette smoking rates of 32% (Kuria, 1996; Kwamanga, Odhiambo, & Amukoye, 2003). The above statistics are an indication of the grave situation faced by school going children and the youth in Kenya regarding substance use. The importance of these findings lies in the fact that early exposure to substance use often predicts future substance use and psychiatric disorders (Stueve & O'Donnell, 2005). Rohde and colleagues demonstrated that substance use disorder among the adolescents was associated with numerous functioning difficulties by age 30, some of which appear to be related to recurrent substance use disorder, co-morbid adolescent disorders, or functioning problems already evident in adolescence (Rohde, Lewinsohn, Seeley, Klein, Andrews, & Small, 2007). Recent research indicates that there may be gender differences in both the subjective effects of and vulnerability to the neurotoxicity of a number of drugs of abuse including cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine and alcohol (Lynch, Roth, & Carroll, 2002). On effects of drug and substance abuse on family and community, drug abusers often become so obsessed with the www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/sshsr Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020 41 Published by SCHOLINK INC. habit that everything going on around them is ignored, including the needs and situations of other family members, leading to breakdown of the family as an entity (Diamond, Barrette, & Tejeda, 2001). Besides possible criminal behavior brought into the home by the drug abuser, the family suffers varying degrees of personal anguish both physically and psychologically. Substance use has adverse consequences like insomnia, prolonged loss of appetite, increased body temperature, greater risk of hepatitis and HIV infection (Preboth, 2000). This study sought to understand the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among students in a Public University in the County of Kakamega, Kenya.


Abstract : Two possibilities for the two-dimensional spectral analysis of kinetic energy of flow-fields (on spherical earth) are discussed: one using the associated Legendre polynomials for meridional representation, and the other the sin functions with a latitude-dependent amplitude factor. The latter method is applied to the analysis of some 500 mb observed and barotropically predicted wind fields. The obtained two-dimensional and resulting onedimensional spectral distributions are described. A fair similarity is observed between the meridional spectra of zonal motion and zonal spectra of meridional motion, and between the meridional spectra of meridional motion and zonal spectra of zonal motion. Differences in time variations of observed and predicted spectra are treated: predicted spectra showed considerably smaller time variability. Data on the influence of the viscosity term on the spectra are presented. (Author)


The operative treatment of spinal angiomas owes a lot to the crucial impulses toward improved diagnosis provided by selective spinal angiography and the technical advances resulting from microsurgery. Indications and operations have been extended, so that even intramedullary angiomas have become accessible. In spite of these improvements, there are many questions about indications and special operative procedures which remain obscure or debatable. A radical excision may be impossible on account of site, extent, complications of an already existing cord lesion, or for other reasons. Subtotal removals and other incomplete operative measures are debatable or are too little known, both in respect to their significance or to possible dangers to the cord. During recent years, intra-angiographic, intravascular embolization opened up an additional way of eliminating or influencing angiomas. Further problems have thus been posed regarding the indications and treatment, although for the present, the situation remains in a state of flux.


The VP1 gene of FMDV contains major antigenic determinant and has the highest mutation rate in four structural proteins.Analysis of genetic variation during the passage is indispensable for vaccine research.This paper was studied on the sequence analysis of the VP1 gene of inactivated vaccine strains of FMDV which was generated in different hosts such as suckling mouse and BHK21 cell.The result demonstrated that the homologies among VP1 gene sequences were 99.4% to 99.8%,and the homologies among the deduced amino acid sequences were 98.6% to 100%.Compared with the MF1,VP1 gene and the main antigenic sites were conserved.So it is stable for producing inactivated vaccine and suitable to immune prevention of related livestock in prevailed area.


Using results from the eld of robust statistics, we derive a class of Kalman lters that are robust to structured and unstructured noise in the input data stream. Each lter from this class maintains robust optimal estimates of the input process's hidden state by allowing the measurement covariance matrix to be a non-linear function of the prediction errors. This endows the lter with the ability to reject outliers in the input stream. Simultaneously, the lter also learns an internal model of input dynamics by adapting its measurement and state transition matrices using two additional Kalman lter-based adaptation rules. We present experimental results demonstrating the eecacy of such lters in mediating appearance-based segmentation and recognition of objects and image sequences in the presence of varying degrees of occlusion, clutter, and noise.


Treatment of 1H-pentafluoropropene with sodium azide in dimethylformamide gave 1H-tetrafluoroprop-1-enyl azide; this product was also obtained, together with a compound tentatively identified as 1H,2H-pentafluoropropyl azide, when 1H-pentafluoropropene was treated with triethylammonium azide in sym-tetrachloroethane. The occurrence of a violent explosion prevented characterisation of the products from a reaction between 2H-pentafluoropropene and triethylammonium azide, but interaction of the latter with perfluorobut-2-yne was shown to yield 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylprop-1-enyl azide. Pyrolysis of 1H-tetrafluoroprop-1-enyl azide gave αβββ-tetrafluoropropionitrile and 2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-azirine.


This book argues that current criticism tends to take the mythology of love either too innocently or too skeptically and therefore distorts the complex roles played by the god of love in longer narrative poems and discursive works of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.


A 60-year-old male patient with coronary disease was included in the "First-in Man" study1 and received a single sirolimus-eluting stent (SES, fast release) in December 1999 to treat a 90% diameter stenosis lesion located in the proximal right coronary artery (RCA). The patient had mild to moderate (<50% diameter stenosis) obstructions in the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) revealed minimal neointimal growth in the midstent region at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years after implantation. The patient underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement without complication 3 years after SES implantation. Left ventricle ejection fraction was 22%. He had a cardiac arrest out of the hospital in January 2004 (4-year follow-up). The patient was resuscitated but suffered severe cerebral damage. Postarrest angiography showed a widely patent …


Carpets are a major component of today's waste streams, totaling an estimated 3.5 4 billion pounds in the US in 1996, which corresponds to 1% of all solid waste by weight or 2% by volume. More recent statistics are not likely to be less. In response to federal regulations which require the producers of carpets and carpet fibers to take back old carpets, a number of recycling strategies are now being explored. At Columbia University, a major study to evaluate the feasibility of using post-consumer glass as aggregate in concrete has been expanded to investigate the suitability of large quantities (up to 20% by weight) of recycled carpet fibers in concrete products. The expected benefits were to be threefold: first, the fiber reinforcement was expected to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. This expectation was fulfilled to some extent, although the effect was less than when virgin fibers were used. Second, it was hoped that large quantities of recycled reportedly hollow carpet fibers would enhance the thermal properties of the concrete by increasing the R-value. Unfortunately, only modest improvements were observed. Finally , the recycling of used carpet fibers is a contribution to sustainable development, as value is added to a material that otherwise would constitute an environmental burden.


I tell my patients that my job as their primary-care physician is to keep them out of the hospital if at all possible, but also to recognize when they need round-the-clock, inpatient medical care.


The competitive and cooperative relationships between suppliers and enterprises have important implications for enterprise strategy and operational decisions. Using data from listed manufacturing companies in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of supplier concentration on corporate risk taking and its underlying mechanism. The results support the cooperative view of industrial organizations in a supply chain, which states that the higher the supplier concentration, the greater the level of corporate risk taking. The results are robust to various measures of the supplier concentration (Supply), sample selectivity bias, and endogeneity tests. This paper also shows that digital transformation has a moderating effect on supplier concentration and corporate risk taking. The supplier concentration can significantly increase risk taking in companies that have implemented digital transformation, while the effect is not significant in companies that have not implemented digital transformation. The conclusions drawn from this study provide practical guidance on industrial organization relationship coordination and digital transformation, suggesting that the implementation of digital transformation can help a firm to establish and consolidate a good relationship with suppliers and improve operational efficiency.


Operational uncertainties such as variation of power or grid impedance affect the level of conducted emission of power converters in renewable energy systems. This paper utilizes an enhanced Unscented Transform (UT) method based on dimension reduction technique to predict the conducted emissions of multiple Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) in the presence of uncertainties. The accuracy of the predicted results are then compared with the Monte Carlo Simulation approach and the traditional Unscented Transform.


This essay is about water governance and relationality. It reflects on the questions that articulate this forum on relational International Relations (IR): what do relational theories of IR offer to the field and add to the debate about IR? What are the promises or limits of relational approaches, and how can or should discussion proceed? I narrate my personal story about exploring and experiencing relationality to offer some reflections and thoughts on these questions which are relevant not only for IR, but to the ways we engage reality. I illustrate the potential of relationality by referring to three dimensions where relationality provides with alternative thinking: the problem of ontological difference; the pluralization and diversification of ways of thinking and being and the engagement with the other than other-than-human. These aspects are some among many others, but they announce opportunities, challenges, tensions, contradictions and possibilities. In the end, the essay reveals not only a transformative experience but a very different approach to water governance providing the reader a general understanding of the alternative thinking derived from relational standpoints and the possibilities it opens to theorize IR and beyond.


Rotating machine dysfunction is often caused by shaft misalignment. This defect generates concentrated or distributed loads that produce vibrations and noise. These vibrations depend on the machine itself through the transfer function while the noise is a function of the machine environment. The objective of this paper is to study the noise generated by shaft misalignment. A numerical model, describing a spinning system, capable of computing mechanical vibrations and noise radiations resulting from the defect, is developed.


A 1 1⁄2-year-old boy presented with a 3-week history of slowly progressive erythematous, pruritic lesions on the upper and lower extremities followed by involvement of the face, trunk, palms, and soles. There was no history of fever, sore throat, and other symptoms suggestive of infections, or medication use prior to the onset of his rash. The vaccination history included first dose of MMR (measles-mumps-rubella), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and varicella vaccine at age 1 year (6 months prior to the onset of his rash). Birth history was unremarkable and development was normal. Family history was non-contributory. On examination, he was afebrile and had no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. He was observed to have multiple erythematous annular plaques with mild hyperpigmentation in the center, and erythematous papules scattered on the trunk, buttocks, extremities (Figures 1 and 2), face, palms, and soles. There were two small erythematous macules on the right buccal mucosa. A punch biopsy was taken from a lesion on the back and histopathology is shown in Figures 3 and 4 (H&E 10 and 20 , respectively).


We present a simple method for computing n x n pseudospectral differentiation matrices of order p in 09(pn2) operations for the case of quasi-polynomial approximation. The algorithm is based on Fornberg's finite difference algorithm and is numerically stable. A Fortran implementation is included. A necessary and sufficient condition for Dp = DP is also given. n ( ) ~~~~~~Un (X) = : a Xj (#n,j (X) j=0


Introduction Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) occurs in the context of a systemic inflammatory response and is associated with a high short-term mortality rate, depending on the number of organ failures (CLIF-OF scoring system). Liver transplantation (LT) can provide the prospect of a definitive treatment and survival benefit in patients with a high risk of early death. Material and Methods 255 patients with liver cirrhosis included on the waiting list (WL) between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed. 26.8% of patients had ACLF while on WL (stage 1 – 11.4%, stage 2 -7.1% and stage 3- 7.3% according to EASL CLIF classification). 33.8% of patients were transplanted during this time period of follow-up. Mean MELD score at inclusion on WL was 14.9±5.7. Cox Proportional Hazard Model Survival Analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of death on the WL after an ACLF episode. Results 19.1% of patients died while on the WL. As risk factors for death while on the WL after and ACLF episode we identified: grade of ACLF while on the WL (HR=2.91, p<0.0001), MELD at inclusion (HR=1.07, p=0.01), MELD score at ACLF (HR=1.15, p<0.0001), INR >2.5 (HR=4.42, p=0.0002), total bilirubin >12mg/dL (HR=2.08, p=0.009), hepatic encephalopathy grade III-IV (HR=3.66, p=0.0002), respiratory failure (HR=5.09, p=0.0001), circulatory failure (HR=3.19, p=0.03), other type of infections while on the WL (excepting spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) (HR=8.21, p=0.001). LT was a protective factor for death (HR=0.05, p=0.005). Patient survival at 3 months on WL was: 97.5% without any ACLF episode, 78% after an episode of ACLF stage 1, 76.6% after ACLF stage 2 and 59.6% after ACLF stage 3 (p<0.0001). 30.3% of the patients with LT had an episode of ACLF prior to LT compared to 25.3% of patients with ACLF and without LT (p=0.41). Median time from an episode of ACLF to LT was 4.9months. There was no difference regarding 1 and respectively 12 months survival of patients with or without ACLF prior to LT (p=0.97). Conclusions Independent predictors of death on WL after an ACLF episode were grade of ACLF and MELD score at inclusion, while LT is a protective factor for death on the WL. Short term survival after LT is similar between patients with and without ACLF while on the WL.


Quaternion and quaternion matrices have been applied in many fields, such as in quantum physics and computer graphics. However, since the multiplication of quaternion is non-commutative, there exist the main obstacles in the study of quaternion matrices. Furthermore, the study on the generalized inverse of quaternion matrices is far from enough. This paper extends the theory of generalized inverse of matrices over the complex number field to the quaternion skew field. As a result, we can not only get the construction of {1}-,{1,3}-,{1,4}-and{1,2,3,4}-inverse over the quaternion, but also get some properties for these generalized inverses. These conclusions are applied to the study of quaternion matrices equation.


A high time resolution localization scheme, using ultra-wide band ranging signal with bandwidth of 2GHz, is proposed for a fully asynchronous wireless sensor network (WSN). The proposed scheme is specifically useful for sensor nodes which are designed to operate at very low ADC sampling rate, in the order of 2–3 MHz, but still achieves the sampling resolution in the order of sub-nanoseconds. To achieve low sampling rate, equivalent time sampling (ETS) technique is used at the sensor nodes. Reconstructed signal obtained by ETS technique, that require periodic transmission of the same signal repetitively, is severely affected by the variation in transmitter and receiver clock drift as against the real time sampling where the variations are due to receiver node clock drift only. Thus, it requires a protocol to precisely estimate the transmitter and receiver clock parameters. A scheme, which uses a novel mathematical equivalent time of arrival (E-TOA) model for ETS based system, for clock drift estimation is presented. Based on clock drift estimation parameters, receiver nodes are tuned to the same frequency. E-TOA measurements are further used to propose an equivalent differential time difference of arrival (E-DTDOA) based ranging algorithm, which relaxed the time synchronization requirement between the wireless nodes, and still achieving high time resolution. The E-DTDOA range measurements are subsequently used to obtain precise localization of the target node/s. The feasibility of the algorithm proposed is demonstrated experimentally using in house designed wireless sensor nodes.


The IgE-suppressive activity of (−)-matairesinol is demonstrated, and the structure-activity relationship of (−)-matairesinol clarified. 3′,4-Dihydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxylignano-9,9′-lactone showed higher IgE-suppressive activity than (−)-matairesinol without any cytotoxic activity. Some derivatives bearing a longer and more bulky alkoxy group at the 3 or 4 position showed IgE-accelerative activity.


We describe an original and easy method to measure the microwave conductivity of semiconductors as a function of frequency (up to 140 GHz) and high electric field. This method does not need impedance measurements of the semiconductor and is based on the comparison of thermal and high field effects; measurements are equally possible as a function of lattice temperature. It may be used with sufficiently low‐doped semiconductor materials. In the case of silicon, measurements are possible for 1 <pDC<50 Ωcm. An example of results is given for 10 Ωcm n‐Si at 300 K and for frequencies equal to 10, 35, and 70 GHz.


Sentinel node biopsy affords the opportunity of focused examination of lymph nodes, including the use of the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The mammaglobin gene is expressed by breast cancers but has not been detected in histologically normal lymph nodes. This study compared mammaglobin RT‐PCR with routine histology in the sentinel and non‐sentinel nodes of patients with breast cancer.


The present invention provides a belt and an electronic apparatus. Having a belt attached to the first band member and the second band member on the apparatus main body of the electronic device, and a coupling member. Each band member includes a retractable portion stretchable along a band extending direction, the telescopic portion having flexibility, and includes a first slit and a pair of second slits, a first slit having a pair of slits along the width direction and a direction extending along the belt a first slit seam, the external pair of second slits along the width direction of the telescopic portion communication. Connecting member comprising: a fixing member; a slide member, which can slide along the belt extending direction of the first belt member, and having a connecting portion (projecting arm) connected to the second band member; and a biasing member that extends toward the strip urging the opposite direction to the slide member.


The major disadvantage of the conventional DTC drive is the steady state ripples in torque and flux. The implications are, increase in acoustical noise, harmonic losses and incorrect speed estimation. Using space vector modulation (SVPWM) technique it is possible to reduce the mean square flux ripple up to base speed. In this paper a new hybrid SVPWM based adjustable-speed DTC drive is proposed. This hybrid modulator utilizes the zero voltage vector redundancy that leads to clamping sequences. This improves the performance of the drive compared to that using conventional sequence used in SVPWM technique at higher speeds. Simulation results show that the ripples in flux, torque and current are reduced over the entire speed range.


Abstract Chromium(III) complexes of the type [crL2X2] X.nH2O, where L = benzoylhydrazine (BH), isonicotinoylhydrazine (INH), salicyloyl-hydrazine (SH), malonoyldihydrazine (MDH) and oxaloyldihydrazine (ODH); X = CH3COO− (OAc), SCN− or ½ SO4 2- and [cr(BH)3]x3.nH2O, where X = CH3COO− (OAc) or SCN−, were prepared and characterized with the help of elemental analyses, magnetic moments, molar and solid state conductances, thermal (TG and DTA) studies, IR and electronic spectral data. The complexes, which are insoluble in common organic solvents, decompose above 300°C and are high spin octahedral with the mono-acylhydrazines bonding through >C=O and -NH2 and the dihydrazines only through the two -NH2 groups. The complexes show multistep exothermic decomposition patterns. X-ray powder diffraction studies of selected complexes yield patterns indicative of possiole polymeric structures. The ligancis as well as their complexes show some antifungal and antibacterial activity.


Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: To report the results and techniques of posterior vertebral column resections for fixed lumbosacral deformity. Summary of Literature Review: Fixed lumbosacral deformity results in gross imbalance and progressive compensatory thoracolumbar deformity due to the absence of a mobile spine caudally. Material and Methods: Twenty-five consecutive fixed lumbosacral deformity patients subjected to PVCR were reviewed after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The offending vertebra was below the L4 in all cases. The etiological diagnoses were congenital scoliosis, congenital kyphoscoliosis, post-traumatic kyphosis and post-infectious kyphosis in 6, 3, 2 and 14 patients, respectively. The average age at the time of operation was 38 years, with a male:female ratio of 7:18. The indication for PVCR was fixed lumbosacral deformities that could not be brought to a reasonable balance on traction or forced side bending. Results: On average 2.1, ranging from 1 to 5, vertebrae were removed, with 52 removed in all. The average fusion extent was 4.5 vertebrae, ranging from 2 to 8. An anterior column reconstruction was carried out with an autogenous bone graft in all patients, with the additional insertion of titanium mesh in 12. The distal anchor went down to the L5, S1 and S2 in 4, 12 and 9 patients, respectively. A preoperative scoliosis of 3812 was corrected to 158 (60% correction), and a preoperative kyphosis of 3525 was corrected to -511 (40% correction). A preoperative coronal imbalance of 2.0cm was improved to 0.9cm, and a preoperative sagittal imbalance of 9.3 cm was improved to 4.6 cm. The mean operation time and blood loss were 280 minutes and 2810ml, respectively. Following complications were encountered in 5 patients: 2 transient neurologies, 2 compression fractures at proximal adjacent vertebra and 1 pseudoarthrosis. Conclusions: A posterior vertebral column resection is an effective procedure for the management of a fixed lumbosacral deformity. It provides satisfactory correction and improved functional outcomes. However, it is a technically demanding and exhausting procedure, with possible risks for complications


. S-integrable scalar evolutionary differential difference equations in 1+1 dimen-sions have a very particular form described by Yamilov's theorem. We look for similar results in the case of S-integrable 2-dimensional partial difference equations and 2-dimensional partial differential equations. To do so, on one side we discuss the semi-continuous limit of S-integrable quad equations and on the other, we semi-discretize partial differential equations. For partial differential equations, we show that any equation can be semi-discretized in such a way to satisfy Yamilov's theorem. In the case of partial difference equations, we are not able to find a form of the equation such that its semi-continuous limit always satisfies Yamilov's theorem. So we just present a few examples, in which to get evolutionary equations, we need to carry out a skew limit. We also consider an S-integrable quad equation with non-constant coefficients which in the skew limit satisfies an extended Yamilov's theorem as it has non-constant coefficients. This equation turns out to be a subcase of the Yamilov discretization of the Krichever-Novikov equation with non-constant coefficient, an equation suggested to be integrable by Levi and Yamilov in 1997 and whose integrability has been proved only recently by algebraic entropy. If we do a strait limit, we get non-local evolutionary equations, which show that an extension of Yamilov's theorem may exist in this case.


OBJECTIVE: To describe a clinical outcome following treatment of dystonic head tremor with deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus pars interna
BACKGROUND: M.H. is a 68 year-old woman with history of severe head tremor without dystonic posturing of her neck. Tremor limited patient's ability to read and crochet. She rarely leaves her home due to stress associated with tremor. She had received multiple rounds of injection with botulinum toxin with minimal improvement in symptoms, and failed oral medications. On exam, she has multidirectional head tremor with Score of 4 (severe amplitude) in head component of Fahn, Tolosa, Marin Tremor Rating Scale at rest and with action in all directions. There was no voice or hand tremor. She ultimately underwent deep brain stimulation surgery targeting the bilateral globus pallidus pars interna.
METHODS: Case Report
RESULTS:
DBS electrodes were placed without complications. The patient experienced decreased control of head tremor on lower voltage settings, however she experienced paresthesias on higher voltage on the monopolar setting. She has achieved good tremor control on her current DBS settings:
Left globus pallidus pars interna: 3+, 1-; 5.3V, 185Hz, pw 90
Right globus pallidus pars interna: 10+, 11-; 5.5V, 185Hz, pw 90
Eleven months post-operatively head tremor was rated as 1 (slight amplitude) on head component of Fahn, Tolosa, Marin Tremor Rating Scale.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients whose exams are consistent with dystonic head tremor but lack any dystonic posturing on exam may benefit from treatment with deep brain stimulation targeting the globus pallidus pars interna. This is a single case and further study would be necessary to make more definitive conclusions. Disclosure: Dr. O9Leary has nothing to disclose.


An exhaust gas Sampling device is provided. An exhaust gas Sampling tube for Sampling part of the exhaust gas is connected to an exhaust tube in which the exhaust from a Source of the exhaust gas flows, and a downstream Side of the exhaust gas Sampling tube is connected to a dilution tunnel. The device further includes a temperature control mechanism. A temperature of the exhaust gas Sampling tube is controlled with the temperature control mechanism based on a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust tube.


The paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of enlarged school admission in college education. And the writer makes some comments and suggestions on the phenomenon.


Public–private partnership (PPP) was introduced as a tool to overcome the financial resource scarcity of developing nation-states to deliver infrastructure. While researchers have extensively focused on the procedural adoption of PPP in developing nations, the distributional side of PPP has received very little attention. This article investigates whether the central government has been successful in directing PPP towards the poor regions in India. This study shows that PPP in India contributes towards the process of uneven development.


Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 308–321). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Spencer, H. (1873). The study of sociology. London, UK: King. Thagard, P. (2012). Creative combination of representations: Scientific discovery and technological invention. In R. Proctor & E. J. Capaldi (Eds.), Psychology of science: Implicit and explicit processes (pp. 389– 405). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1093/acprof:oso/9780199753628.003.0016 Toulmin, S. (1981). Evolution, adaptation, and human understanding. In M. B. Brewer & B. E. Collins (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and the social sciences (pp. 18–36). San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass. Vohs, K. D., Redden, J. P., & Rahinel, R. (2013). Physical order produces healthy choices, generosity, and conventionality, whereas disorder produces creativity. Psychological Science, 24, 1860–1867. http://dx.doi .org/10.1177/0956797613480186 Weisberg, R. W. (2004). On structure in the creative process: A quantitative case-study of the creation of Picasso's Guernica. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 22, 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/EH48-K59C-DFRB-LXE7 Weisberg, R. W. (2014). Case studies of genius: Ordinary thinking, extraordinary outcomes. In D. K. Simonton (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of genius (pp. 139–165). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.


Mass spectra of the four stereoisomeric 1-methyldecalins and the four 2-methyldecalins have been measured. For each set of stereoisomers, the order of relative intensity of the parent-less-CH3 ion, but not of the parent ion, parallels the order of relative stability of the molecules. The correlation suggests that loss of the methyl group from the members of each set of stereoisomers leads to a common product, with the differing conformational energies converting into differences in vibrational energy, which in turn lead to differing extents of further decomposition.


Since 1984, wildfires have increased in size and frequency, correlating with higher drought severity across the western United States. Dennison et al. looked at remotely sensed data from the U.S. government's Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity project from the years 1984−2011, focusing on fires larger than 400 hectares in nine ecoregions that included mountains, plains, and deserts. The authors found that not only are wildfires becoming more frequent—by an estimated seven large fires per year—but they are also burning more total area, increasing by about 355 square kilometers per year.


TeX is a powerful language for typesetting text, and LATeX provides features for manipulating the content and layout of manuscripts. Both TeX and LATeX have become essential to the scientific and engineering communities because of their unique ability to handle mathematical formulas and calculations in ready-to-publish documents. This book introduces device-independent tools for drawing figures and creating macro programs from within TeX and LATeX. Intended for mid-level audience, this volume explores the concepts behind the creation of macros, offers tutorials on how to use them effectively, and provides all the related source code in handy appendices. The book provides a 3.5" disk containing two software packages - DraTeX and AlDraTex additionally includes ready-to-use templates for quickly creating a number of standard types of charts and diagrams. With these tools, readers will be able to quickly and easily add illustrations to their TeX documents. A third program - ProTeX - allows readers to use TeX and LATeX as systems that will support literate programming. With this tool, computer programs and macros can be easily written in a form that can be understood and comfortably read by the average person.


The effects of such constituents as the crosslinked part, non-crosslinked LDPE part, antioxidant, and residual byproducts on the formation of space charge in XLPE have been investigated. It has been found that homocharge is developed in the pure crosslinked part of XLPE. The non-crosslinked LDPE part encourages the formation of heterocharge, although its influence is not strong. Residual byproducts generated during the crosslinking reaction encourage the formation of heterocharge, whereas antioxidant was found to prohibit the formation of heterocharge. Of these, residual byproducts have been found to impose the most pronounced influence on the formation of heterocharge in XLPE, so that only heterocharge is found in an as-pressed XLPE with semiconductive electrodes. >


Abstract Subject and purpose of work: Analysis of the innovative development trends of the agricultural sector in the Visegrad Group countries in 1995–2019. Investigation of the impact of innovation on value added to GDP by the sector and the patent activity. Materials and methods: Secondary data used in the current research were taken from Eurostat, World Bank and European Patent Office databases. They were analyzed by applying OLS models and Granger causality tests. Results: First, composition of R&D expenses in each Visegrad country was examined. Then its relationship to agricultural GDP and the number of the patents granted was tested by means of OLS models. Forecasting the relationship between variables examined was carried out by running Granger causality tests. Conclusions: There was a constant growth in agricultural innovation activity investment from 1995 to 2019. Nevertheless, the countries examined have not yet reached the EU's objective concerning the R&D intensities. Innovation activity had a positive impact on the value added to GDP by agriculture and on the number of the patents granted.


At low energies the charge sector of one dimensional Mott insulators can be described in terms of a quantum Sine-Gordon model (SGM). Using exact results derived from integrability it is possible to determine dynamical properties like the frequency dependent optical conductivity. We compare the exact results to perturbation theory and renormalisation group calculations. We also discuss the application of our results to experiments on quasi-1D organic conductors. Lecture given by FHLE at the NATO ASI/EC summer school "New Theoretical Approaches to Strongly Correlated Systems", Sir Isaac Newton Insitute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge April 2000 1 1D Mott insulators The Mott metal-insulator transition is a paradigm for the importance of electron-electron interactions in condensed matter systems. It occurs in a variety of actual materials and has attracted much attention over the last fifty years [1]. The underlying mechanism that drives the transition is by now well understood, but details on e.g. transport properties remain largely unknown in D = 2 and D = 3 due to the lack of nonperturbative methods for treating strongly correlated electron systems. The situation is more fortunate in two cases: D = ∞, where much progress has been made in recent years [2] and D = 1, where nonperturbative methods permit essentially a full solution of the problem. The 1D case is the one we will be concerned with here. A full characterization of the Mott insulating phase requires the knowledge of dynamical correlation functions. The frequency dependent optical conductivity σ(ω) is one of the most important examples from an experimental point of view. The behaviour of σ(ω) in the metallic regime is easily understood in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger theory [3, 4]. The situation in the Mott insulating phase is much more complicated due to the spectral gap that is dynamically generated by the electron-electron interactions. Here σ(ω) has until now only been studied by perturbative methods [5, 6], which break down in the most interesting regime of frequencies close to the optical gap. In these proceedings we use methods of integrable quantum field theory to determine σ(ω) in 1D Mott insulators for all frequencies much smaller than the bandwidth, which is the large scale in the field theory approach to the problem. Some of the results presented here have already appeared in [7]. The paradigm of a 1D Mott insulator is the Hubbard model H = −t ∑ l;σ ( cl,σcl+1,σ + h.c. )


The most common etiologies of acute scrotum in boys <1 year of age are torsion of the testis or an appendix, urogenital anomalies, and epididymitis. We report an infant with recurrent epididymitis associated with single‐system ectopic ureter opening into the seminal vesicle and dysplastic right kidney. Treatment included nephroureterectomy.


where C=A=$3900, B=.22, X=Y=.06, and D-$963. D* $9763. Then $9763 = 10858q + 4376(1-q), and q=.831. 16. It is also clear that increasing the percentage of tenant income which goes for rent provides no easy solution. The average tenant would have to pay over 45 percent of income in order to eliminate the estimated underfunding (22 percent of $9006 . $4376. 17. In FY 1977, $4734 `. $63652 = 7.47 percent. In FY 1980, ($4734 (1.10)3) $63652 = 9.9 percent. Data source: Table 3. 18. Irving Welfeld, "That 'Housing Problem'-The American vs. The European Experience," The Public Interest, Number 27 (Spring 1972): 78-95. 19. As in Public Housing, Section 236 and 235, and Section 8-New Construction. The tandem plans are periodic exceptions, as are the indirect subsidies provided through the tax system.


ABSTRACT Soil water retention is among the soil hydraulic properties most routinely measured in studies of soil physics and related areas. This property is used in dynamic simulations of vadose zone processes such as soil water availability, surface boundary processes of evaporation and infiltration, and the fate of soil pollutants. The most common measurement technique consists in establishing a hydrostatic equilibrium between an initially saturated soil sample and a porous medium at a certain tension on a tension table or [...]


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is far more than a health crisis: it has unpredictably changed our whole way of life. To stop the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to institute effective infection prevention and control practices globally, nationally, and at the community level. Consequently, it is urgent to understand the public knowledge, reactions, adherence to, and acceptance of such measures that affect their daily life in several ways, especially psychologically, socially, and physically. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of attitude and readiness of new normal behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: This was a mixed-method study conducted in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia, from July to December 2020. A sample of 254 study subjects aged >15 years was selected for a quantitative study. The dependent variable was the readiness to face new normal behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent variable was attitude. The qualitative data were collected by in-depth interviews. A quantitative study was assessed by Chi-square. Results: Positive attitude was positively associated with the readiness of new normal behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic (OR= 2.88; 95% CI= 1.70 to 4.90; p= 0.001) and it was statistically significant. The results of the in-depth interview show that the obstacles that occur in dealing with COVID-19 in the city of Tasikmalaya are the lack of public awareness, the existence of community stigma against sufferers, weak central and local government policies, and lack of socialization. Conclusion: Positive attitude is positively associated with the readiness of new normal behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic.


Title: DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE VEGF GENE: IMPACTS ON VEGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION Steven John Prior, Ph.D., 2005 Directed By: Assistant Professor Stephen M. Roth, Department of Kinesiology Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) is inversely associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and is responsive to aerobic exercise training. A portion of the increase in Vo2max with aerobic exercise training can be attributed to an increase in skeletal muscle capillarity (i.e., angiogenesis), which contributes to increased blood flow and oxygen extraction in working skeletal muscle. One contributing factor to exercise-induced angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as it is an endothelial cell proliferation and migration factor that is upregulated by acute aerobic exercise. Significant variability has been observed in VEGF protein levels, VEGF gene expression, skeletal muscle capillarity, and Vo2max before and after aerobic exercise training. Additionally, variability is found in the DNA sequence of the gene encoding VEGF. Variation in the VEGF gene has the ability to impact VEGF gene expression and VEGF protein level and because of the relationship between VEGF, angiogenesis, and Vo2max, we hypothesized that variation in the VEGF gene is related to VEGF gene expression in human myoblasts, plasma VEGF level, and Vo2max before and after aerobic exercise training. The present report shows that VEGF promoter region haplotype impacts VEGF gene expression in human myoblasts in vitro. It was also found that VEGF promoter region haplotype was associated with Vo2max in older men and women before and after exercise training in a manner that is consistent with the results of the VEGF gene expression experiments. Additionally, we found that plasma VEGF level was not associated with VEGF promoter region haplotype, nor did plasma VEGF level correlate with baseline Vo2max or ∆Vo2max with aerobic exercise training. To date, we are the first to report that VEGF promoter region haplotype impacts VEGF gene expression in human myoblasts and is associated with Vo2max. These results have potential implications for aerobic exercise training and may also contribute to the understanding of the function of the VEGF promoter region in different cell types. Furthermore, these results may prove relevant in the study of pathological conditions which can be affected by angiogenesis, namely obesity, cancer, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE VEGF GENE: IMPACTS ON VEGF GENE EXPRESSION AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION


Serum transferrins and 11 other genetically controlled proteins representing 17 loci were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis from Siberian, Alaskan, and Canadian populations of Spermophilus parryii. Six transferrin alleles were identified. Arctic populations (S. p. parryii, S. p. osgoodi) were characterized by Tf 6 occurring alone or together with Tf 7 whereas middle and subarctic populations exhibited Tf 7 occurring either alone (S. p. ablusus, S. p. lyratus, S. p. plesius) or together with Tf 5 (S. p. plesius). Tf 8, Tf 9, and Tf 19 constituted local variants. Tf 6 displayed a clinal distribution, increasing in frequency eastward and paralleling a clinal increase in body size. Three PGM2 alleles were observed, the frequencies of which tend to differentiate arctic S. p. parryii from subarctic S. p. ablusus. G6PD-b occurred uniformly in North America and in one Siberian population; a second population (two specimens) exhibited G6PD-a, thereby suggesting that G6PD polymorphism may be present in Siberia...


Aim: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of penicillin Ⅴ potassium in healthy volunteers.Methods: The serum concentrations of penicillin Ⅴ potassium were determined by microbiological assay in 10 healthy male volunteers after an oral dose of 1500 mg penicillin Ⅴ potassium in crossways.Data of serum level time were processed with 3P87 software.Results: Findings revealed that the data of p enicillin Ⅴ potassium were fitted to two compartment open model.The C max values were (12.92±2.21) and (12.91±2.04) mg·L -1 and the T max (0.70±0.11) and (0.70±0.11)h and the AUC were (20.30± 2.90) and (19.39±2.35) mg·h·L -1 ,respectively.The relative bioavailability of granules to tablets were (96.00±5.56)%( 86.14% ~105.35%). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations,suggesting that both formulations are bioequivalent.


Commutations of power IGBT modules used in power converters cause high voltage and current gradients in the collector waveforms, which can generate and irradiate very high electromagnetic noise levels. An innovative experimental - simulative method is presented, which is able to predict irradiated noise levels during converter operation: such method allows power electronics designer to have a proper and simple method to predict spectrum and amplitude of irradiated noise during converter operation, in order to ensure a direct compliance with the enforce normative. The irradiated noise is generated by high frequency conducted current flowing in IGBT module and in the converter. Frequency and amplitude of the internal oscillating currents are simulated by means of a suitable IGBT module model proposed in the past and now optimized for irradiation simulation. The irradiated field during converter operation can be calculated by means of a preliminary static measure executed in anechoic chamber, where the diagram of irradiation of the system is measured at different frequencies, connecting IGBT gate to a radiofrequency generator. Presented results are precise within 3dB limit.


At the present time there is quite a broad literature regarding the amenability of C'-algebras [1], [2], [3], [9], [11] —[14]. Among the set of interesting results on this theme, two structural theorems are distinguished. The first is that a C '-algebra A is amenable in the sense of Johnson if it is nuclear (Connes [3] and Haagerup [9]). The second is that a von Neumann algebra A is amenable in the sense of Connes if and only if it is injective in the sense of Connes, or, what is the same, hyperfinite (Johnson, Kadison and Ringrose [2], Connes [3], and Elliott [4]). In connection with the development of the theory of central cohomologies of Banach algebras the question naturally arises of the structure of C'-algebras A centrally amenable in the sense of Johnson, that is, those for which the central cohomologies κζι^Α^(Α,Χ*) are trivial for any Banach (A, Z(A + ))-bimodule X; here Z(A+) is the centre of the algebra A with an adjoint identity. In Theorem 1 of this paper we show that C'-algebras centrally amenable in the sense of Johnson are amenable in the sense of Johnson. A similar assertion regarding amenability in the sense of Connes will be proved for operator C'-algebras in Theorem 2. However, it is necessary to recall that a replacement of the Banach cohomologies of Hochschild by central Banach cohomologies does not always lead to those same structural theorems. As an example of this, we can take contractible and centrally contractible C'-algebras. C'-algebras with trivial cohomologies in any Banach bimodule are finite-dimensional (Selivanov [6]); but the class of C'-algebras A with trivial central cohomologies in any Banach (A, Z(A + ))-bimodule is significantly wider. These are C'-algebras with continuous trace and identity


The widespread use of synthetic chemical pesticides beginning in the late 1930s has contributed to the development of insecticide resistance of many important species of pest insects and plants. Recent trends in pesticide development have emphasized the use of more environmentally benign control methods that take into consideration environmental, food safety, and human health. Biopesticides (e.g., naturally occurring pesticidal compounds) are alternative pest management tools that normally have no negative impact on human health or the environment. Here we review methyl benzoate, a relatively new botanical insecticide that occurs naturally as a metabolite in plants, and whose odor is an attractant to some insects. Since 2016, many studies have shown that methyl benzoate is an effective pesticide against a range of different agricultural, stored product, and urban insect pests. Methyl benzoate has several important modes of action, including as a contact toxicant, a fumigant, an ovicidal toxin, an oviposition deterrent, a repellent, and an attractant. In this review, we summarize various modes of action of methyl benzoate and its toxicity or control potential against various kinds of arthropods, including agricultural pests and their natural enemies, and pollinators. We conclude that methyl benzoate is a very promising candidate for use in integrated pest management under either greenhouse or field conditions.


In August, the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology held its 38th annual meeting in Madison (WI, USA). The title 'Setting the Stage for the Future: Psychoneuroendocrinology in the 21st Century' emphasized the conference's major objective to exchange compelling discoveries and innovative scientific methodologies that have the potential to enhance clinical and applied research in the field. The symposia organized by society president, Ned Kalin (Chair, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA) and organizing secretariat Steven Shelton (University of Wisconsin, WI, USA), attracts students and professionals from over ten countries, and serves to disseminate critical issues in stress research to scientific communities worldwide. One of the major themes underlying the discussions concerned the interindividual nature of the stress response. Variability in terms of conditions that elicit hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) activity and the magnitude of glucocorticoid (GC) responses, as well as the isolation of brain regions and circuitry involved in these processes, were focused on.


Objective To research the effect of Survivin gene survivin to ischemia-reperfusion of nerve cells apoptosis.Methods To construct the eukarya expression recombinant pEGFP-survivin,.the bangosome mediate transfection cell,to select suvivin gene of transfection cell,at 24 h after transfection to make the model of ischemia-reperfusion,at 6 h after model to contrast the changes of Suvivin proteinum and apoptosis on model group,idler group and test group.To observe the anti-apoptosis effect of suvivin gene to ischemia-reperfusion nerve cells.Results The apoptosis rate of test group was obviously lower than the model groups.Conclusion Survivin gene transfection can efficiently effect ischemia-reperfusion cells to against apoptosis,can provide theory and experiment base to clinical application.


The majority of consumers purchase decision is made in the retail terminal, so manufacturers pay more and more attention to the point of sale influence consumer buying behaviours. This paper selects specific types of retailers as the experimental environment, selects the specific products as the research object, uses the "S-O-R" theory, and manipulates the number of varieties in the retail terminal of specific manufacturer, to find out whether the product varieties changes, the product purchase volume of specific manufacturer will change. The study found a lot of important conclusions. Firstly, as products which sold in retail terminal from a manufacturer vary from less to more, products sale will appear first increased then decreased. When the product variety reached a critical value, product sales reached a vertex. Secondly, when the products number which sold by a manufacturer less than or equal to the critical value, increase of the products number will positive influence consumers purchase behaviour for the manufacturer's product, and improve the total sales. Thirdly, when the products number which sold by a manufacturer greater than or equal to the critical value, increase of the products number will negative influence consumers purchase behaviour for the manufacturer's product, and reduce the total sales. Index Terms -Product varieties; purchase behaviour in store; Quasi-Experimentation Design based Field Research


Currently, the construction industry in the Philippines is experiencing explosive growth. As the need for more skilled Geodetic Engineers increases, the focus on the diversity of individuals participating in land surveying jobs is highlighted. Therefore, there is a critical need to better understand the predictors that facilitate their career success. This study examined several variables that may contribute to Geodetic Engineers objective (fringe benefits) and subjective (life satisfaction) success. Predictive variables include professional development, networks and professional linkages. The construction business involved in this study will be properly informed of predictors of career success that will lead to satisfaction of Geodetic Engineers. This will also help management students to manage their career through planning and provide them with insight on how geodetic engineers can be successful in their chosen career and be satisfied with their work life. Hence, the contractors will be able to save a lot of time, effort and money in training. Some of the interesting insights are: (a) The Geodetic Engineers received high fringe benefits; (b) Geodetic Engineers are promoted because of their professional development; (c) Geodetic Engineers are only satisfied with life satisfaction and (d) Network and professional linkages predictors generally displayed stronger relationship both objective career success and subjective career success.


This paper aims to investigate a theoretical model about network governance. The object of study is the experience of performing arts into Puglia Region. The importance of analyzing the network is to comprise the characteristics of the latter and methods of interaction and management within forms public-private partnership and to understand the impact of the network in terms of performance for those involved. It is a case study with exploratory purposes. It is a first analysis to be developed later, making it a multiple case study. Regarding the latter, the study aims to contribute with this, and future developments to other cases, to the literature in terms of network performance assessment, still not analyzed. The network appears to have some flexible in the face of the various changes of scenery, which is why it has developed into complex areas as it may be cultural sector and in specific the sector of performing arts.


The article presents an analysis of the number of emergency medical care calls to patients with poisoning in Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra in two groups: poisoning with drugs, medicines and biological substances; toxic effects of substances, mainly non-medical purposes. In the territory of Surgut, for the period from 2017 to 2019, the number of visits of emergency medical teams to patients with poisoning decreased by 19.5%.


The ongoing energy transition to reduce carbon emissions presents some of the most formidable challenges the energy sector has ever experienced, requiring a paradigm change that involves diverse players and heterogeneous concerns, including regulations, economic drivers, societal, and environmental aspects. Central to this transition is the adoption of integrated Multi-Energy Systems (MES) to efficiently produce, distribute, store, and convert energy among different vectors. A deep understanding of MES is fundamental to harness the potential for energy savings and foster energy transition towards a low carbon future. Unfortunately, the inherent complexity of MES makes them extremely difficult to analyze, understand, design and optimize. This work proposes a digital twin co-simulation platform that provides a structured basis to design, develop and validate novel solutions and technologies for multi-energy system. The platform will enable the definition of a virtual representation of the real-world (digital twin) as a composition of models (co-simulation) that analyze the environment from multiple viewpoints and at different spatio-temporal scales.


The main goal of computational complexity is to classify computational tasks according to their inherent difficulty. For this purpose a variety of computational models are used to encapsulate the particular task under consideration. In this thesis we study four problems in different well-studied computational models.
Two of these models concern noisy computation. We show an optimal lower bound for the noisy broadcast problem, which is one of the simplest, and most fundamental distributed computing problems involving noise. Briefly, in this problem a set of processors, each holding a bit, wish to communicate their bits to a single processor called receiver using broadcasts. However, the receptions may be corrupted by noise. The goal is to design a communication protocol using the minimum possible number of broadcasts so that the receiver can learn all the bits with a good probability.
In our second main result concerning noisy computation we show that parallel noisy decision trees computing the OR function of n bits using a linear number of queries requires Ω(log* n) rounds. This answers a question of Newman. We also study analogous problems for parallel noisy comparison trees.
An important question in parallel computation concerns the effect of memory access restrictions on the computational power of parallel random access machines (PRAMS). We show that for certain problems EROW (Exclusive Read Exclusive Write) PRAMS are essentially no better than sequential algorithms. This also provides an optimal separation in the computational power of EROW and CROW PRAMS.
The last problem we study is a parallel search game which arises in a lower bound approach of Gal and Miltersen for a certain data structure problem, and is also interesting in its own right. We give a surprisingly good strategy for the players, which in turn implies that the lower bound approach of Gal and Miltersen cannot give strong lower bounds.
All of these four computational models are non-uniform. A common thread running through our proofs is that we need to deal with the notion of "information" that computing agents have about the input during the computation, and how this information can spread among the agents. The main technical tools used are discrete probability, information theory, and harmonic analysis.


This paper investigates the effects of bank liquidity needs on the monetary authority's reaction. Over the period stretching between January 1990 and December 2010, we find that the liquidity resources are unsteady and insufficient, whereas liabilities are higher and unsteady. Based on ordinary least square regression and lagged operator technique, we study the efficiencies of the Tunisian central bank interventions. It is found that in Tunisia, the bank liquidity need is in some way neglected by monetary authorities, although it has a short-term and steady effect on the central bank reaction. It is recommended that the central bank distinguish between banks' bailout strategy and monetary policy so that the banks focus on liquidity gap resources.


We report here on measurements of carrier loss processes in GaInP quantum wells made using time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Measurements were made as a function of temperature and excitation intensity on quantum wells with different confinement barrier heights. The measurements reveal three distinct lifetime components identifiable by their activation energy and excitation intensity dependence. The lifetime components are assigned to thermionic emission of holes from the quantum well, nonradiative recombination at deep level defects, and radiative band-to-band recombination. The valence band offsets between GaInP and AlGaInP have been determined from the activation energy for thermionic emission of holes and are found to increase from 0.096 to 0.147 eV as the Al content in the waveguide layer increased from 50% to 70%. The relative contributions of the different carrier loss mechanisms to the subthreshold current of GaInP quantum well lasers is also discussed.


Snow is an important element of safety on the land for Inuit living in the Arctic; land users may be stranded on bare rocks for lack of snow on the ground. Snow is
necessary for snowmobile transport on sea ice trails, and is closely tied to the thickness ice may reach on average in a given winter. While an observation of less snow in recent
years was reported by salluimmiut (J. Tuniq, ArcticChange 2017), climate projections for 2071-2100 feature an increase in precipitation over Nunavik (Ouranos, 2018). In this context, the Safe Passage research project (Polar Knowledge Research Program), which included Ice Monitoring in Salluit, Deception and Kangiqsujuaq, also focused on snow on sea ice.
This presentation will report on snow information derived from three years of Monitoring in Deception Bay, Nunavik (Hudson Strait). Time-lapse cameras have been taking
hourly pictures of the bay since December 2015 as well as measuring air temperature. This database was used to develop a proxy for estimating snow accumulation on the
bay. TerraSAR-X high-resolution satellite images have been acquired every 11 days since December 2015 and were analyzed to identify seasonal trends in backscattering
from snow over sea ice. Fieldwork was done twice per winter since 2016 and includes snow and ice thickness measurements.
Time-lapse camera pictures (N ~ 26 000) were filtered by view (four different views are acquired each hour) and visibility using machine learning (python-Tensorflow). The
foreground in the field-of-view is highly exposed, and the wind-swept rocks are regularly almost snow-free. Ground pixels were classified as either snow or no snow using
computer vision (python-openCV) and an average of snow cover fraction was computed daily. Daily snow accumulation was modeled as the increase in snow pixels from one day to the next, or as zero in the absence of a snow cover increase. TerraSAR-X images were processed by the German space agency (DLR) with the MultiSAR
software. Backscattering statistics were computed for land pixels and water-ice Pixels seperately.This presentation will show how the snow accumulation proxy compares to snow
thickness measurements and discuss the winter and spring trends seen in the X-band backscattering from snow on sea ice.


I summarize the evidence for precession of isolated neutron stars and theoretical effort to understand the observations. I discuss factors that might set the precession period, describe constraints on the material properties of the crust, and conclude with a brief discussion of possible sources of stress that would deform a neutron star to the extent required.


The present invention reliably installs electronic components as an electronic component installing device used for a method for sequentially attaching a plurality of top electronic components on a flat surface of bottom electronic components. For a solution, first heaters (22a-22c) independently controlled by being installed on a stage (20) demarcated by a plurality of stage parts (20a-22c) and the stage parts (20a-22c), an installing head (40) placed on the stage (20), and a second heater (22x) installed on the installing head (40) are included.


In this paper,the water-producing characteristics of key gas reservoirs with active water invasion,the geological foundation affecting water invasion,and the effects of control measures are studied for Jialingjiang Formation of Southern Sichuan Basin.In addition,both water-producing characteristics and control measures at different development stages are put forward.All studied results provide a technological guarantee for a normal reservoir production.


The di-passive in Malay/Indonesian and other Malayic languages is clearly a European-type agent demotion passive; the agent, nevertheless, unexpectedly exhibits grammatical properties which are cross-linguistically typical of arguments and unusual for adjuncts. We explain the unusual properties of di-passive agents by arguing for the analysis of the di-passive construction as deriving historically from a Philippine-type voice construction in which the non-subject agent remains an argument. Based on evidence from modern and classical varieties of Malayic, we propose a pathway of historical changes whereby a Philippine-type non-active construction developed into a European-type agent demoting passive.


Unification is the last revolutionary task of Korea in that the division of country has became obstacles that have been placed in our path....


Purpose: The present co-relational study aimed to investigate the mediating role of Body Image in the relationship between appearance schemas and indirect aggression in adolescents. Method: The Sample size was calculated through G*power. 120 participants having dissatisfaction with physical appearance were selected through the purposive sampling technique. The Appearance Schema Inventory-Revised, The Revised Objectified Body Consciousness Scale and Indirect Aggression Scale-Aggressor Version were used to assess the appearance schema, body image and indirect aggression respectively. Results: The data was analyzed through Pearson product moment correlation, and Hay's process macro. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation among appearance schema, body image and indirect aggression. Results also indicated the mediating role of body image between the relationship of appearance schema and indirect aggression. Conclusion: The results of present the study suggested that appearance schema and body image concerns play a significant role in determining an adolescent's indirect aggressive behaviours. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 23(6) June, 2022; 1- 7.


This research seeks to identify and examine the Tec hnology Strategies of three engine assemblers and eight suppliers, through case studies, discussi ng the relationships between the Technology Strategies of each assembler and those of its suppl iers in each one of the production chains studied, and, then comparing the three technology strategies adopted in these chains. Two of the chains chosen are run by subsidiaries of companies that ha ve been operating in Brazil for several decades, performing a variety of R&D activities. The third c hain is headed by one of the subsidiaries that started operations in Brazil after the 1990s and wh ose technological activities are extremely centralized abroad. The suppliers differ in terms o f ize, technological capability, etc. It was found that the chains' Technology Strategies are differen t, because they vary among the assemblers and the suppliers; therefore the influence that each as sembler exercises over each supplier is distinct.


The tunable photonic crystal filter was proposed based on photonic crystals infiltrated by liquid crystal defect films.The spectrum transmission was obtained using the transfer matrix method.The effect of classic voltage and liquid crystals material parameters on tunable filter transmission spectrum was numerically calculated.The results show that the transmission peak wavelength and band width periodically varies with the voltage,multi-channel filtering functions are carried out through suitable voltage,and the variation of liquid crystal thickness and intrinsic birefringence hardly achieve the tune of photonic crystal filter.


Abstract Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with GC and GC/MS was used for analysis of the volatile compounds of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). The whole fruits, representing two different ripening stages, were stored and analyzed one day after collection. More than 40 volatile compounds were identified. The relative percentage of acetates, with exception of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, increased in a parallel way with ripeness. Of the esters of higher organic acids, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were present in the greatest quantity. Ethyl octanoate, which was present in the highest quantity, showed the highest increase with ripeness (from 6–8% to 15–18%), while ethyl hexanoate increased 3% to >4%. In contrast, the relative percentages of two sesquiterpenes, α-bergamotene and α-farnesene, clearly decreased with ripeness.


Seed predation has been considered as a selective process that decreases reproductive fitness of plant species. Fruits and seeds of Sapindus saponaria collected in Anolaima town, between 2009 and 2010 were used to characterize predation of Leptostylus gibbulosus (Cerambycidae) and its effects on germination based on the relation within incidence and severity attack and size of fruit and seeds. Results show that L. gibbulosus affected 25 % of seed under study and considerably reduced germination and reproductive fitness of predated seeds, principally in large seeds. The association between L. gibbulosus and S. saponaria seeds is registered for the first time in Colombia.


This paper puts forward a parallel algorithm of association rules applicable
for sales data analysis based on association rules by utilizing the idea of division and designs a
sales management system for mall including behavior recognition and data analysis function as the
application model of this algorithm with clothing store data management system as study object.

 To adapt to the data particularity of the study object, while mining the association rules, the improved algorithm also considers the priority relations, weight, negative association rules, and other factors among different items of the database.

His improved algorithm is applied to Apriori algorithm, dividing the original database into n local data sets, mining the local data sets parallelly, finding out the local frequent data sets in each local data set, and finally counting the support and determine the final overall frequent sets.

 Experiment verifies that this algorithm reduces the visit times of the database, shortens the mining time of algorithm, and improves the effectiveness and adaptability of the mining result.

With the application with negative association rules added, data with diversified results
can be mined during analyzing specific problems, mining efficiency is improved, the accuracy
and adaptability of mining result is guaranteed, and the high efficiency of algorithm is also ensured.
The improvement of increment mining efficiency of database will be considered next while
the database is updated continuously.


The purpose of the study is to assess the adaptation efficiency of secondary vocational education in the context of new economic challenges. Scientific novelty lies in the use as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of secondary vocational education the degree of its compliance with the challenges of the current stage of economic development; prospects and technologies of the future. The results of the study: the need for innovative modernization of secondary vocational education is evident in the context of a shortage of highly qualified personnel of working specialties, necessary for the creation of innovative production facilities and competitive jobs. In the article, taking into account the state of the SPE sphere, its potential to solve key economic problems, the basic recommendations to improve the efficiency of the studied sphere were developed.


Different pore structures were obtained via changing membrane formation conditions and observed under SEM.The structure of sponge-like pores,finger-like pores and the wall of finger-like pores were investigated. Formation mechanism of the skin layer and the support layers were explained based on the experimental phenomena.The formation of the skin layer agrees with the spinodal decomposition(SD) mechanism,and the thermodynamic factor plays the leading role in this process.The structure of the support layer is determined by the diffusion rates of coagulant and solvent that cross the skin layer.The formation of the support layer agrees with the nucleation and growth(NG) mechanism,and the kinetic factor plays the leading role in this process.Finger-like structure will be formed if the diffusion rates across the skin layer are high,and sponge-like structure will be formed if the diffusion rates are low.Finger-like pores will be formed in the upper part of the support layer,and sponge-like pores will be formed in the lower part when the diffusion rates of coagulant and solvent across the skin layer are in moderate level.


We propose a cloud based storage defragmentation technique in this paper. The cloud based defragmentation technique exhibits parallel concept of defragmentation. The proposed cloud based defragmentation technique involves defragment storage with less time consumption. Time graph is used to analyse memory access time using cloud based defragmentation technique. The comparisons have been depicted in time graph.


The high prices associated with quality are a permanent barrier for the majority to access high quality and luxury, as the two concepts "democratization of luxury" and "luxury as quality and rarity" seemed to be contradiction in terms. But a new growth paradigm was identified if we apply quantic approach and functional economy approach to the analysis of the potential new "forms of luxury" ("luxury functionalities), which could be in the same time "not luxury quality" and "luxury quality" depending on the "observer", after the analogy with "the cat and the paradox of Schrodinger". But in the digital world, the "observer" is demultiplexed, the observation is in real time and continuously). Luxury domain could inspire and generalize the "augmented value creation" by "open valorization strategies" and scaled-up by national regulatory support (for example, the Law PACTE in France, the country where fashion and luxury adds to more than 42 milliards and 86% exports). New research will be conducted on this potential "augmented quality growth paradigm" inspired by the luxury new business model.JEL codes: D460, D470, D230, D210, (D82, D83, D84), P420, P470, E710.


This thesis aims at tackling an important issue in the communication management of multi-organizational international projects. Furthermore, it focuses on the importance of effective communication in the planning stage of this kind of projects. The literature review shows the importance of effective communication among the different stakeholders at this stage of the project planning in the life cycle of such projects in particular. The empirical data received through interviews of three projects of this kind supports the literature about the importance of effective communication at this stage of the project since the lack of effective communication at this planning stage increases the chances of the failure of the whole project.


This paper,according to the course developing requirements of combining learning with working principle and learning from work process-directed developing course theory,explores the reform of CAD/CAM Technology course by taking the retarder parts completion as an example and with the method of Pro/E software moulding.


Estimation of hydrodynamic parameters of aquifer is one of the important problems of groundwater resources management. There are many different approaches to estimate the hydrodynamic parameters of aquifer and among them the application of geoelectrical surveys is the most developed one. In this contest forty four vertical electrical soundings have been used to evaluate the hydraulic properties of aquifer in Golgir plain, Khuzestan. The thickness, lateral extent and resistivity of the aquifer layers were determined by the electrical survey and borehole logs. Transmissivity values were inferred using the empirical relationship between hydraulic conductivity and formation factor with correlation coefficient of 0.75. Results show highly variable thickness of the main aquifer in the study area. High values of transmissivity, and specific yield obtained in eastern plain part are due to existing erosional course sediment from Asmari limestone formation. Also, Lower average values of porosity were estimated in eastern parts. Finally, geological and hydraulic parameters maps of Golgir aquifer have been produced. Overall results indicate desirable estimation of Hydraulic parameters used by geoelectric method and they can be used in making decision and future drilling program


Accepted 20 August, 2011 The Savannah region is the second biggest biome in Brazil after the amazon forest. Today, the savannah is Brazils largest region responsible for commodity production. Nevertheless, this production is concentrated around large-scale farmers. Most of the small farmers representing the largest group of producers encounter many problems ranging from low levels of production to income difficulties. The objective of the research was to verify the influence of technology in problems encountered by small farmers installed in the Savannah region. The research has been realized with a case study in a cooperative from the settlement Sao Manoel, in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Centre of Brazil. Praxeology, knowledge of how to use technology, has been identified as the most important characteristic to explain the cooperative problems. For annual crops, in fertile soils, technologies can be traditional and therefore the use of modern praxeology is not necessary. In poor soils, typical of the Brazilian savannah, the necessity of modern technology requires the domination of more complex praxeologies. Perennial crops and investments in special structures, such as green houses also require modern technologies and adequate praxeologies, which were not available in the cooperative. The results indicate the importance of extension services and training methods adapted to the technologies used. Otherwise, the small producers of the Brazilian savannah are limited to traditional technologies, useful only for crops with good climate and fertile soil, which represent a small part of the biome, mainly near rivers.


In a market economy, the market is open, and many factors such as policies, laws, culture, morality, and economic operation laws affect the operation of enterprises. At present, the effective development of marketing has a great effect on the sales of enterprise products and greatly improves the economic benefits of enterprises. Taking effective measures to improve the marketing decisions ability of enterprises to adapt to the requirements of real development has become the top priority of enterprise management. Market share is the basis of making enterprise's market competition and marketing strategy. In a certain period of competitive market and market demand, enterprise's market share largely depends on enterprise's marketing mix decision. Based on the perspective of supply chain, this paper studies the decision-making model of rapid response marketing, which provides scientific basis for decision-makers and industry leaders.


Rural markets and peasant marketing did not fare well during the Maoist era, which extended from well before the consolidation of communist power in China to the triumphal return of Deng Xiaoping as the central political figure in 1977. Maoist radicals, who in broad perspective may be said to have held the political initiative throughout the era, can be fairly characterized as having an anti-market mentality. While this set of attitudes derives in part from Marxism, it is also rooted in the ideological preconceptions of late-imperial Confucian bureaucrats. The Maoist elite in the People's Republic and the traditional bureaucratic elite of the late empire were equally unhappy with market exchange, and both showed a preference for redistribution.


Nature bears abundant resources of edible insects, which are considere d as a kind of nutrient and healthy food. This paper gives a general review of e dible insects as traditional food in the world, its resources, its nutrient valu e and exploitation of insect food. The major problems in the course of utilizati on are discussed and suggestions are offered.