Reliable tracking of people in video and recovering theiridentities are of great importance to video analytics applications.For outdoor applications, long range identity sensorssuch as active RFID can provide good coverage in alarge open space, though they only provide coarse locationinformation. We propose a probabilistic approach usingnoisy inputs from multiple long range identity sensorsto globally associate and identify fragmented tracklets generatedby video tracking algorithms. We extend a networkflow based data association model to recover tracklet identityefficiently. Our approach is evaluated using five minutesof video and active RFID measurements capturing four peoplewearing RFID tags and a couple of passersby. Simulationis then used to evaluate performance for larger numberof targets under different scenarios.identities are of great importance to video analytics applications.For outdoor applications, long range identity sensorssuch as active RFID can provide good coverage in alarge open space, though they only provide coarse locationinformation. We propose a probabilistic approach usingnoisy inputs from multiple long range identity sensorsto globally associate and identify fragmented tracklets generatedby video tracking algorithms. We extend a networkflow based data association model to recover tracklet identityefficiently. Our approach is evaluated using five minutesof video and active RFID measurements capturing four peoplewearing RFID tags and a couple of passersby. Simulationis then used to evaluate performance for larger numberof targets under different scenarios.


The rapid development of e-commerce to promote e-commerce professionals demand surge,changing e-commerce market and high demand for e-business e-commerce professionals to professional training has brought great difficulties.According to e-commerce professional characteristics of professional positions,Hunan Vocational College of modern logistics in school-enterprise integration advantages in resources,by"learning spaces fusion Kong,Kong science content integration,school integration process Kong,Kong Science subject fusion"approach to reform practices,breaking the original training model,the formation of e-commerce logistics characteristics of the "school-enterprise integration,post school integration"work and study training model,and made a series of school results.


To meet the performance requirements of co-focusing and co-phasing of segmented mirror active optics (SMAO) in modern astronomical telescope, micro-displacement actuators with nanometer resolution and millimeter stroke are necessary. The design and test of a micro-displacement actuator based on giant magnetostrictive material is present in this paper. The actuator's main components, such as giant magnetostrictive drive core, displacement pantograph mechanism and output guide mechanism, are discussed in detailed. The giant magnetostrictive drive mechanism generally may offer nanometer resolution and micron stroke. A displacement/stroke pantograph mechanism is designed with absolutely sealed flexible hydraulic structure (ASFHS) to enlarge the stroke. In addition, a secondary giant magnetostrictive drive mechanism is integrated to serve final resolution of final displacement output. In view of flexure exhibiting excellent mechanical properties free of friction, clearance and lubrication, a flexure guide mechanism with the capacity of excellent lateral load is designed to fulfill linear displacement output steadily. The sub-systems like the giant magnetostrictive drive core and displacement pantograph mechanism have been tested before integration of the whole actuator. The final test of the actuator is carried out with dual frequency laser interferometer at lab. Besides, to meet technical requirements of future extremely large telescope, further development issues mainly related to application practice of the actuator is discussed at the end.


This paper presents a study of new structure in nano topology. We propose an alternative formulation of nano topological space induced by different neighbourhoods. We also define different types of neighbourhood based on covering of the universe. The properties of various types of neighbourhood such as Right , Left , Intersection and Union of neighbourhoods are discussed. Further, we analysed their indiscernibility matrix and the indiscernibility function which gives the CORE based on nano topology in neighbourhood when applied in real life application.


Abstract The infrared absorption spectra of acetylacetonates of divalent ions1,2 of Co, Ni, Cu and Pd; trivalent ions3 of Al, Fe, Mn and Cr and tetravalent ions4,5 of Zr and Hf have been studied, but very little work has been reported in case of aromatic acid complexes of rare-earth metals. Consequently, it was thought worthwhile to carry out present investigation to obtain a detailed information about the geometry of the molecule and the nature of the metal-oxygen bond in the complexes. The present communication reports the infrared absorption spectra of the complexes of p-nitro benzoic acid with Nd3+ and Pr3+ metals, presumably for the first time. The results have been discussed on the basis of theoretically calculated different modes of vibration. An attempt has been made to investigate the nature of metal-oxygen bonding in the complexes.


Due to the current economic climate, knowledge plays an important role in productivity and growth. Not only are enterprises in the private sector required to adjust themselves, but institutes in the public sector or government agencies across the world are also facing challenges in this respect. Knowledge management is now widely regarded as a major strategic tool of all organisations and in Thailand, the government also encourages public institutions to make effective use of their internal knowledge and information. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify the critical factors that affect the knowledge transfer process of the Highland Research and Development Institute (Public Organization) (HRDI), based on the concepts of knowledge transfer and social networks in order to design and develop a suitable knowledge transfer framework. A mixed research method was applied in this study, which involved the use of a Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a tool for a quantitative analysis and expert interviews for a qualitative analysis. According to a review of the HRDI, it contains four critical kinds of knowledge, one of which is the application of appropriate communication technology to provide the staff in the organisation with information and learning. An SNA was used to identify key actors or experts and then design a knowledge transfer framework based on interviewing them using the SECI model.


Mathematical models of alumina/silica gel supercritical drying with carbon dioxide were studied using supercritical drying experimental data. An alumina/silica gel with zinc chloride was synthesized and dried with superciritical carbon dioxide, and its weight change was monitored as a function of drying time. The pore size distri- bution of the obtained aerogel was determined using the BET method and nitrogen ad- sorption/desorption. The mathematical model of the supercritical drying of the wet gel was represented as unsteady and one-dimensional diffusion of solvent through the aerogel pores filled with supercitical carbon dioxide. Parallel pore model and pores in series model were developed on the basis of the measured porous structure of the aerogel. It was found that these models which use different effective diffusivity value for each pore size were in much better agreement with the experimental data than models which use an overall effective diffusivity. The local effective diffusivity coef- ficients were calculated using different tortuosity values for each pore size, and they were distributed according to the pore size distribution data. Model simulations of the superciritical drying with carbon dioxide confirmed that the drying temperature and gel particle diameter have a significant influence on the drying time.


The invention relates to a device for transmitting data to at least one client device, the data being transmitted according to a plurality of predetermined profiles, each client device being associated with at least one profile. This device comprises
- means for adapting the content of the data to be transmitted as a function of the predetermined profiles by generating data groups, each data group representing the content to be transmitted according to a predetermined profile,
- means for creating at least one data stream encapsulating the data groups adapted to the various profiles allowing the client devices to recover from the stream, the data groups adapted to their profile,
- and means for transmitting the stream created to the client devices. Applications to devices compatible with MPEG-4.


Contaminations by Enterobacter gergoviae in various cosmetic formulations raise the problem of bacterial resistance to biocides of the species, which represent the third source of cosmetics bacterial contaminations. The collaborative cosmetic company was concerned by unrelated contaminations but some contamination events were due to persistence of isolates in internal system process, despite disinfection protocols and use of preservatives. At the maximum levels allowed by the European Commission, preservatives tested have bacteriostatic effects and do not exhibit synergistic effects in combination. Therefore, adaptation in cosmetics is facilitated. Various resistance mechanisms can be implemented by E. gergoviae: Enzymatic (peroxyredoxin synthesis), changes in the envelope (expression of external appendages: flagella or fimbriae/pili), changes in mobility and biofilm formation. The appearance of such mechanisms has also promoted a cross-resistance conservative / disinfectant - detergent.


The absence of a necessary connection in singular causation is a key step in the Humean argument against any form of necessity in causation. I argue that Hume's defence of this step is unsuccessful, and that the step could be skipped, accepting the possibility of necessary a posteriori truths. Still this does not suffice to guarantee a necessary connection in singular causation. Necessary a posteriori truths should be backed by necessary a priori truths. Thus, a main object of this paper is to argue that an a priori philosophical concept of causality involves a necessary connection between its terms.


We study the lattice cutoff ($a$) and quark mass dependences of pion masses and decay constants in the $N_f = 2$ twisted mass QCD, using the Wilson chiral perturbation theory to the next leading order (NLO). In order to investigate the region near zero quark mass, we introduce the power counting scheme where $O(a^2, am)$ terms are included in the tree level effective Lagrangian. At the NLO of this power counting scheme, we calculate the charged pion mass and decay constant as a function of the lattice cutoff as well as the twisted quark mass at the maximal twist. In this paper, we adopt two different definitions for the maximal twist. We confirm that the difference between the two appears as the $O(a^2)$ effects so that the automatic $O(a)$ improvement is realized for both definitions.


The authors address nonlinear control systems containing a memoryless nonlinear element and show that, when the circle condition for stability is met, corresponding propositions hold concerning the relationship between the nature of the error response and the system type. A convergent algorithm is given for computing the limit of the steady-state response whenever it exists. It appears that results presented can be obtained for the case in which N is preceded by a linear subsystem K(s) that takes into account integrators. In that case the key frequency-domain condition concerns the locus of the product K(i omega )G(i omega ) and its relation to the critical circle, etc.<<ETX>>


Abstract Clinical and radiological aspects of 90 patients with occult spinal dysraphism have been investigated and some of the relevant literature reviewed. Superficial lesions of the back, unilateral lower limb wasting and incontinence of urine were common clinical findings. Eighty-three patients showed major vertebral defects on plain radiographs and almost all had abnormal myelographic features. Laminectomy in 67 cases revealed the presence of a variety of abnormalities including diastematomyelia and intraspinal mass lesions such as dermoid cysts and lipomata. These developmental anomalies were frequently associated with a "foetal" type of spinal cord, situated more caudally than normal. This association is probably invariable when there is an intraspinal lipoma or low diastematomyelia. The range of possible abnormalities in occult dysraphism requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Radiological assessment of cases should be reliable enough to assist in forming a basis for their future management.


Contents: Foreword Lyn Squire Introduction Diana Pinto and Peter C. Smith PART I: HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1. Institutional Determinants of Productivity Change in Health Services Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya 2. Health Sector Outcomes in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka: A Tale of Two Countries Aparnaa Somanathan, Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya and Tahmina Begum PART II: HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING 3. Preventing Impoverishment, Promoting Equity and Protecting Households from Financial Crisis: Universal Health Insurance through Institutional Reform in Mexico Felicia Marie Knaul, Hector Arreola-Ornelas, Oscar Mendez-Carniado and Martha Miranda-Munoz 4. Community Prepayment of Health Care and the Willingness to Pay: Evidence of Rural Households in the Central Cameroon Joachim Nyemeck Binam, Diarra Ibrahim and Valere Nkelzok 5. Risk Segmentation, Moral Hazard and Equity in Chile's Mandatory Health Insurance System Claudio Sapelli PART III: HEALTH SYSTEM DESIGN 6. Public Health Insurance, Access and Equity Peru's Mother-Infant Insurance Miguel Jaramillo 7. Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Hospital Competition and Cardiac Patients in Taiwan Hsien-Ming Lien, Shin-Yi Chou, Jin-Tan Liu and Jason Hockenberry 8. Water for Life: The Impact of the Privatization of Water Services on Child Mortality Sebastian Galiani, Paul Gertler and Ernesto Schargrodsky PART IV: HIV/AIDS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD 9. Antenatal Clinics, Patients and HIV Prevalence in Cambodia Vonthanak Saphonn, Leng Bun Hor, Sun Penh Ly and Samrith Chhuon 10. Rural Household Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and Economic Efficiency in Southern Part Nigeria A.S. Oyekale Index


Location-based service based on wireless cooperative localization networks is becoming ubiquitous nowadays. However, since the fact that most location network nodes are resource-limited, recent investigations focus on the proper network scheduling strategies that can significantly enhance the system performance, including but not limited to localization accuracy and energy efficiency. In addition to the current efficient nondata-aided strategies, we find that some silent nodes, called "eavesdroppers," can be helpful to the localization task without transmitting any signals. In this paper, we first formulate the eavesdropping scheduling policy in practical asynchronous cooperative wireless localization networks. Then, we perform resource optimization in different eavesdropping-based strategies. Both two-slot and multislot strategies are considered, and three types of listening modes are designed from a practical point of view. Numeric results show that, for the scenario with a blocked propagation path, the localization error of networks with dedicated eavesdroppers is only 21% of the conventional networks. Besides, the system with eavesdropping anchors could improve the localization performance by 70%. The result could provide meaningful insights into the practical low-complexity location network deployment and development.


Background
Although recognized for centuries, the association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was forgotten with the discovery of efficient treatments. In the last decade, the prevalence of DM has dramatically increased, particularly in low- and middle-income countries experiencing a high burden of TB, leading to a new interest in this association. DM increases TB risk while TB, as an infectious disease, leads to hyperglycemia. The relationship between TB and DM has been poorly studied in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the high incidence of TB is associated with HIV infection. Concentration of vitamin D is inversely associated with TB and DM, and it has been suggested that low vitamin D could mediate some of the association between TB and DM. DM affects the immune response to TB, but the precise mechanisms underlying this association are not clear.
To address this issue of high public health relevance, we undertook a project on the association between TB, DM and HIV in Tanzania. The project had three major components:
(1) Assessing the association of TB and its outcome with the presence and persistence of hyperglycemia in Tanzania, using three different DM screening tests.
(2) Describing the association between vitamin D, TB and DM.
(3) Studying the immunological features underlying TB and DM comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa and testing the hypothesis of delayed adaptive immune response with increasing glycemia.
The overall aim of the project was to improve knowledge on the dynamic interaction between TB and DM in an African setting with high HIV prevalence by integrating a longitudinal component into the case-control study.
Methods
A case-control study with longitudinal follow-up of cases was conducted in Dar es Salaam. Consecutive adults with new active TB were included and followed up for five months after the start of anti-TB treatment. Healthy controls, matched by age and sex to TB cases, were recruited among volunteering adults accompanying patients to the outpatient departments of the same hospitals. Exclusion criteria were a biological relationship to TB case, TB history, symptoms or signs of TB, other acute infection or major trauma within the last three months. All underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement and DM screening tests (fasting glucose (FCG), 2-hour capillary glucose after standard oral glucose tolerance test (2h-CG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) at enrolment and TB patients were again tested after five months of TB treatment. Data on the outcome of TB (treatment failure, death, lost to follow-up) were collected.
For the nested immunological study, four groups of HIV negative patients were included: i) active TB without DM, ii) active TB with DM, iii) latent TB patients without DM and iv) latent TB patients with DM. Latent TB patients were selected among the healthy volunteering adults, as well as among diabetic patients attending the DM clinic in the participating hospitals. Exclusion criteria for groups iii and iv were past TB history and symptoms or signs of active TB. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific peptide pools and live Mycobacterium bovis BCG and then analysed by polychromatic flow cytometry for Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cytokine production. Cell culture supernatants were analysed by Luminex® for 34 cytokines and chemokines.
Findings
At enrolement, DM prevalence was significantly higher among TB patients (N=539; FCG>7mmol/L: 4.5%, 2-hCG>11mmol/L: 6.8% and HbA1c>6.5%: 9.3%) compared to controls (N=496; 1.2%, 3.1% and 2.2%). However, the association between hyperglycemia and TB disappeared after TB treatment (aOR(95% CI) at enrolment vs follow-up: FCG 9.6(3.7-24.7) vs 2.4(0.7-8.7); 2-hCG 6.6(4.0-11.1) vs 1.6(0.8-2.9); HbA1c 4.2(2.9-6.0) vs 1.4(0.9-2.0)). FCG hyperglycemia at enrolment was associated with TB treatment failure or death (aOR(95%CI) 3.3(1.2-9.3).
The prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency (25(OH)D<75nmol/l) was not statistically different between TB patients and controls (25.8% versus 31.0%; p=0.22). But the association between 25(OH)D insufficiency and TB was modified by hyperglycemia (pinteraction=0.01). Patient with vitamin D insufficiency were only at higher risk for TB in the presence of underlying hyperglycemia. The OR (95%CI) for TB risk in patients with vitamin D insufficiency and hyperglycemia was 4.94(1.16-21.0) versus 0.68(0.39-1.17) for patients with vitamin D insufficiency and normoglycemia where normoglycemia and normal vitamin D were the reference category.
Patients with active TB and DM had a lower frequency of INF-γ CD4+ T cells and a lower proportion of CD4+ T cells producing both TNF-α and IFN-γ after live M. bovis BCG but not after Mtb-specific peptide pool stimulation, compared to normoglycemic TB patients. A negative correlation between INF-γ or TNF-α CD4+ T cell frequency and increasing glycemia was observed in the context of live M. bovis BCG stimulation only.
Conclusions
Transient hyperglycemia is frequent during TB, and DM needs confirmation after TB treatment. However, DM screening at TB diagnosis gives the opportunity to detect patients at risk of adverse outcome.
25(OH)D insufficiency seams to increase the risk of TB only if associated with hyperglycemia. DM patients living in high TB burden settings might benefit from preventive vitamin D supplementation.
The immunological findings suggest that DM might affect Mtb-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses at the level of reduced antigen processing and presentation, a defect that could be compensated by metformin.
The results of the study are of public health and clinical utility. First, they lend support to the integration of care between TB and DM programs. Second, they imply that, at the time of TB diagnosis, patients should be screened for hyperglycemia using cost-effective fasting glucose tests. Treatment of hyperglycemia should be initiated to improve TB outcome. Third, before initiation of long-term DM treatment, DM diagnosis must be confirmed after the resolution of TB. Finally, in the absence of evidence for a strong contribution of DM to TB risk in this African setting with high HIV prevalence, DM patients should not be screened for TB with expensive test. DM physicians and patients should rather be trained for recognizing TB symptoms and signs as a cost-effective way to recognize TB early.


We study pion condensation at zero temperature in a hard-wall holographic model of hadrons with isospin chemical potential. We find that the transition from the hadronic phase to the pion condensate phase is first order except in a certain limit of model parameters. Our analysis suggests that immediately across the phase boundary the condensate acts as a stiff medium approaching the Zel'dovich limit of equal energy density and pressure.


Background: In our practice 24 hours urine collection for free cortisol (24Hr UFC) and overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST) are initial investigations to screen patients for hyper-cortisolism. I audited our practice to find our clinicians' and patients' choice of first screening investigation for hyper-cortisolism. Method & material: Electronic and paper medical records of patients who underwent 24Hr UFC and/or ONDST at our hospital over previous consecutive twenty four months were examined. 62 such patients were identified but 12 patients were excluded from analysis. We tried to contact 30 patients over consecutive 48 hours over the phone who underwent both 24Hr UFC and ONDST. We managed to contact 18 patients and asked them two study questions. Data & results: 33 (66%) patients were female and 17 (33%) were male. 20 (40%) had 24Hr UFC alone and 30 (60%) patients had both. In total 80 such investigations completed 30 being ONDST and 50 24hr UFC. 53 (66%) of the investigations were requested by Endocrinologists, 21 (26%) by Hospital General Physicians and 6 (8%) by General practitioners (GP). For UFC 10 (20%) were true positive, 31 (62%) were false positive, 6 (12%) were true negative and 0% false negative. 3 (6%) 24Hr UFC samples were not collected properly and were not processed for results. Out of the total false positives (31 patients), 6 (19.3%) cases were of alcohol excess, 4 (13%) of dépression, 3 (9.7%) of inhaled steroids and 1 (3.2%) of sleep apnea. For the ONDST 7 (23.3%) true positive, 4 (13.3%) false positive 19 (63.4%) true negative and 0% false negative. All 18 patients contacted over the phone answered both questions. 16 preferred ONDST over 24Hr UFC, 1 patient had no preference and 1 patient preferred 24Hr UFC over ONDST. Conclusion: Patients overwhelmingly preferred ONDST as first screening test in contrast to physician's choice of 24Hr UFC.


We introduce a new self-supervised task, NSA, for training an end-to-end model for anomaly detection and localization using only normal data. NSA uses Poisson image editing to seamlessly blend scaled patches of various sizes from separate images. This creates a wide range of synthetic anomalies which are more similar to natural sub-image irregularities than previous data-augmentation strategies for self-supervised anomaly detection. We evaluate the proposed method using natural and medical images. Our experiments with the MVTec AD dataset show that a model trained to localize NSA anomalies generalizes well to detecting real-world a priori unknown types of manufacturing defects. Our method achieves an overall detection AUROC of 97.2 outperforming all previous methods that learn from scratch without pre-training datasets.


Abstract An efficient synthesis of 2-amino-3-methylenephthalimide through palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aminocarbonylation has been developed. The reaction carried out under atmospheric pressure of CO and provided diversified 2-amino-3-methylenephthalimides in reasonable to good yields from o-iodoacetophenone phenylhydrazone, which are readily derived from phenylhydrazines and 2-iodoacetophenones. Graphical Abstract


Objective Primary renal hematuria treated by modified Buyanghuanwu Decoction in the treatment of clinical curative effect of five.Methods Randomly from 2012 June to2011 June in my hospital for treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria in 235patients were divided into observation group 120 cases,115 cases of the control group,the observation group was the conventional symptomatic treatment,while the control group on the basis of our hospital treated with modified Buyanghuanwu Decoction in the treatment of five.Results In the observation group33 cases,effective in 80 cases,the total effect was 94.2%;the control group of29 cases,effective in 63 cases,the total effect of 80%.Observation of treatment group total effective rate was significantly higher than that of control group(χ2=10.58,P0.01).During two treatment groups showed no obvious side effects of drugs.Conclusion Self-made modified Buyanghuanwu Decoction in the treatment of five primary renal hematuria curative effect,less adverse reaction,is an effective treatment method.


System-level design of discrete-continuous embedded systems is a complex and error-prone task. While existing design languages like SystemC and its extension to the mixed-signal domain, SystemC-AMS, are supported by tools and libraries, they lack both mathematical precision and intuitive, abstract design notations. Graphical design notations with formal foundations such as HyCharts suffer from the lack of tool support and acceptance in the developer community. To overcome the deficiencies of both approaches, we present a design flow from graphical HyCharts to SystemC-AMS designs. This design flow uses a formally founded refinement technique to ensure the overall consistency of the design.


"[We] would not for a moment hesitate to ally ourselves with any group, if by such an alliance we could compass the liberation of our race and redemption of our fatherland. A man pressed to earth by another with murderous intent is not under any obligation to choose his weapons. He would be a fool if he did not use any or whatever weapon was within his reach. Self preservation is the first law of human nature." -The Crusader, 1919


Highly bright red light emitting diodes with InGaP/GaAlInP MQWs were developed by turbo disk LP MOCVD.The emitting peak wavelength of 648 nm with 38.9 mcd radiation at 20 mA has been demonstrated with cleaved chip of 300 μm×300 μm.An LED lamp with 15° viewing angle exhibits a brightness of 2 000 mcd at normal direction.


The views of some historians and philosophers of history as to the possibility of fruitful historical generalization seem at odds with the underlying methodology of the other social sciences. A formal model of the world historical process is here presented within which this apparent contradiction is seen to be resolvable in terms of modern theories of probability and stochastic processes. This is done by giving rigorous form to procedures and statements in the social sciences. A formal treatment of the dependence of an investigation in one discipline on previous studies both in that area and in other social and natural sciences then follows naturally.


This paper describes a new statistical, model-based approach to building a contact state observer. The observer uses measurements of the contact force and position, and prior information about the task encoded in a graph, to determine the current location of the robot in the task configuration space. Each node represents what the measurements will look like in a small region of configuration space by storing a predictive, statistical, measurement model. This approach assumes that the measurements are statistically block independent conditioned on knowledge of the model, which is a fairly good model of the actual process. Arcs in the graph represent possible transitions between models. Beam Viterbi search is used to match measurement history against possible paths through the model graph in order to estimate the most likely path for the robot. The resulting approach provides a new decision process that can be use as an observer for event driven manipulation programming. The decision procedure is significantly more robust than simple threshold decisions because the measurement history is used to make decisions. The approach can be used to enhance the capabilities of autonomous assembly machines and in quality control applications.


Introduction: In speech therapy, treatment efficacy includes 3 specific fields as treatment effectiveness, efficiency and effects. Treatment efficiency compares two approaches or more with each other. The aim of this study was to compare of two approaches: general language stimulation and developmental-descriptive approach.
Materials and Methods: It has been done as an interventional-longitudinal study with14 participants (primary school students with hearing loss) for two educational years. All changes in different parts of language were assessed by decontextualized language test, storytelling, action verb and sentence writing in the end of each year.
Results: Total number of affixes in storytelling, derivational suffix in action verb test, expression of prepositions and adverb (location) as well as perception superlative adjective in decontextualized language test had statistically significant changes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings show developmental-descriptive approach has more positive effects because of specificity of language treatment goals
Keywords: Hearing impired children, Speech therapy, Hearing loss, Speech disorders, Language disorders


This paper analyzes the problems that appear easily in the open-self circulation in university library such as book disorder, book stealing, and book damaging, etc., and puts forward some corresponding methods for solving these problems.


The plasma stealth technology is a new branch of the stealth technology.The plasma refractive stealth and absorption stealth characteristic are discussed in the analysis of stealth mechanism of the plasma.The high penetration,high resolution and anti-stealth capabilities of terahertz radiation are studied.Based on the limit of the plasma stealth technology,the feasibility and technical approach using terahertz radar to detect the plasma stealth aircraft are proposed.


This article analyses the libertarian accounts of taxation. It discussed how libertarians view taxation and why (and where) they disagree on certain points. While anarchist libertarians advocate the idea that taxation is never acceptable because they believe that the state itself possesses
 no legitimacy, minarchist libertarians believe that the state can have a legitimate role, and therefore that taxation can be accepted to the extent that there is no alternative to fund the state's legitimate activities. This article argues that anarchist-libertarian views of taxation
 are untenable, and suggests that the furtherance of libertarian ideals on taxation is possible through: (1) taking ideas from other non-libertarian schools, particularly from the social contract theory of the state; and (2) advancing the minarchist-libertarian perspective from within the libertarian
 paradigm.


In 2004 Prahalad made managers aware of the great economic opportunity that the population at the BoP (Base of the Pyramid) could represent for business in the form of new potential consumers. However, MNCs (Multi-National Corporations) have continued to fail in penetrating low income markets, arguably because applied strategies are often the same adopted at the top of the pyramid. Even in those few cases where products get re-envisioned, their introduction in contexts of extreme poverty only induces new needs and develops new dependencies. At best, the rearrangement of business models by MNCs has meant the realization of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) schemes that have validity from a marketing perspective, but still lack the crucial element of social embeddedness (London & Hart, 2004). Today the challenge is to reach the lowest population tier with reinvented business models based on principles of value co-creation. Starting from a view of the potential consumer at the BoP as a ring of continuity in the value chain process − a resource that can itself produce value – this paper concludes proposing an alternative innovative approach to operate in developing markets that overturns the roles of MNCs and the BoP. The proposed perspective of 'reversed' source of innovation and primary target market builds on two fundamental tenets: traditional knowledge is rich and greatly unexploited, and markets at the top of the pyramid are saturated with unnecessary products / practices that have lost contact with the natural environment. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p184


The static and dynamic nonlinear response to internal pressurization, due to a loss-of-coolant type accident, is investigated for a "cut-and-cover" prestressed concrete horseshoe-shaped containment in a clay medium with and without a stiffening (concrete – foamed concrete) jacket. The loading conditions considered are: (i) sustained prestress only, and (ii) sustained prestress and static–dynamic internal pressure. The yield condition used is the Drucker–Prager criterion. Axisymmetric finite-element analysis is carried out for various media patterns (concrete – foamed concrete – clay) using the computer code NONSAP. The results indicate considerable increase in structural integrity due to embedment.


A radiation survey was conducted in the Cane Valley area of Monument Valley, on the Navajo Reservation, to identify dwellings in which uranium mill tailings had been used and to assess the resulting radiation exposures. Sixteen of the 37 dwellings surveyed were found to have tailings and/or uranium ore used in their construction. Tailings were used in concrete floors, exterior stucco, mortar for stone footings, cement floor patchings, and inside as cement 'plaster'. Uranium ore was found in footings, walls, and in one fireplace. Other structures, not used as dwellings, were also identified as having tailings and ore use. Gamma ray exposure rates were measured inside dwellings and structures identified as having tailings and/or ore used in their construction. Indoor radon progeny samples were collected in occupied dwellings where practical. (GRA)


Formal Methods for Software Engineering, although widely recognised in academe as of potential benefit to industry, have proved difficult to "sell", both to industry and to students. Building on a novel teaching approach at Coventry University, we present an integrated approach to formal specification and rapid prototyping that offers a real contribution to building in quality at the front end of the development lifecycle. The significance of formal specification and rapid prototyping for software development are discussed. An introduction is given to the functional programming language Miranda™, the vehicle for our approach. An extended type structure is presented for Miranda, providing an executable specification language based on simple settheoretical structures. We are thus enabled to construct directly executable specifications which serve as rapid prototypes, useful for early requirements analysis and refinement. An explanatory example is presented to show the utility of the approach in building quality systems. Z text is included to show the applicability of the approach to formal specifications expressed in languages such as Z and VDM. The example is further used to describe our HCI-builder tool, which enables the user to quickly produce a functional user interface to her prototype application.


IOT devices is used in many fields which make the user's daily life more comfortable. These smart sensors devices is used to collect heartbeat which is used to assess the health condition of the patient. Communicating the collected information to the doctor, making exact decision on the data collected and notifying the patient is the challenging task in the IOT. This paper will give you a comparative study on health detection and monitoring of the patient.


DTA and TGA data and infrared absorption spectra, are determined for a,nalcime, wairakite, and a mineral having a composition intermediate between analcime and wairakite; the monoclinicity of the mineral with intermediate composition was also determined, Infrared absorption spectra of si-o (12001000 cm-'), and OH-O (around 3600 cm-') stretching bands for analcime and wairakite are quite distinct. Tbo oH-o distances for the analcime structure and four OII-O distances for the wairakite structure were established. An absorption


This article explores the way in which uses or abuses of urban metaphors can inform differing polities and ethics of human organization. From its earliest inception, the city has taken on a metaphorical significance for human communities; being, at one and the same time, a discursive textual product of culture and, reciprocally, a provider of artefacts and architecture that produces culture and meaning. The city can be interpreted as a trope that operates bidirectionally in cultural terms. It is a sign that can be worked to serve the principles of both metonymy and synecdoche. In metonymical or reductive form, the city has the propensity to become weighty and deadening. The work of Michael Porter on competitive strategy is invoked to illustrate this effect. In the guise of synecdoche, on the other hand, the city offers imaginative potential. Drawing inspiration from the literary works of Italo Calvino (in particular, his novel Invisible Cities), the article attempts to reveal the fecundity of the city for interpreting technologically mediated organizational life. Calvino's emphasis on the principle of 'lightness' provides a link to the social theoretical writing of Boltanski and Chiapello on the 'projective city'. A synthesis of these two stylistically different literatures yields a novel way of critically approaching and understanding the reticular form and emerging ethics of contemporary human organization.


By controlling for size and existence of a religious affiliation and gender, this study adds to the literature regarding opinions of undergraduate business students about the ethical nature of both academic and business related actions. Analysis of student survey data from two institutions similar in these characteristics continues in this longitudinal study. After the data were separated by gender, ethical perceptions of male students significantly differed for business-related dishonest acts for those male students who had taken two or more courses in religion, but church service attendance did not seem to have any effect. This may suggest that taking more courses (or having more dialogs) in which moral issues beyond academics are discussed may affect male student perceptions of ethical issues outside the institution.


It reviews the development of the cable stayed bridge in Japan,introduces the girder,bridge tower,bridge gantry design of the steel structural cable stayed bridge in detail,represents the construction features,points out the merits in the structural format of the cable stayed bridge in Japan,which will supply reference to the research on the material,structural format,design and construction technique.


An antipsychotic drug containing risperidone can be analysed by liquid chromatographic techniques (LC) using UV-visible and fluorescence detectors. However, all developed methods based on LC are expensive, time consuming due to pre-and post-column reaction, and also not very sensitive. The preparation of micro-sized composite risperidone-sensitive sensors and their suitability as detector in a flow-injection analysis system is described. A risperidone-sensitive sensor membrane was prepared by coating a composite cocktail on the surface of the contact transducer in solid state. The composition ratio percentage for the best performance was obtained with 2.5% (w/w) active ingredient (ionophore), 67% (w/w) plasticizer, 30% (w/w) PVC, and 0.5% sodium tetraphenyl borate. The potentiometric performances of risperidone-selective sensor (selectivity constant, liner domain, detection limit, response time, pH working domain, repeatability, lifetime, and time dependent potential decay) were determined using computer controlled measurement systems in static conditions.


Just as health services worldwide are under ever-greater pressure, so there is ever-greater potential demand on what professionals need to know. The rate of change in health systems is accelerating, driven by diverse factors, including rapidly advancing technology, changing societal attitudes and demographics of disease. While a great part of learning is experiential, 'space' is at a premium in all formal curricula.

In BMJ Leader 's first year, we have published a wide range of pieces which suggest space will need to be found for elements not traditionally considered core to medical professional knowledge. In this edition, Donaghy et al 1 present findings from a leadership fellowship in Northern Ireland and Pearson et al 2 similarly for a programme in Scotland. Both these suggest that participants (and by extension the systems involved) gained substantially from these selective, out of programme, leadership schemes. But to what extent should the knowledge gained in these programmes be core for all medical graduates, an essential part of the core skill set for 'doctor' in future?

More broadly, how well do our current undergraduate and postgraduate training programmes reflect and emphasise what doctors will need to know over the next 30 years? Everyone will have their own story about topics learnt often in great depth which have not proven core to what people find they need when practising. The …


1. A vehicle with canalized air flow containing: a fuselage having a longitudinal axis and comprising a central portion; ! first air flow path disposed in the fuselage and including a first main air mover for forcing ambient air flow through the first air flow path and a second air flow path disposed in the fuselage and including a second main air mover for forcing ambient air flow through the second channel; ! wherein outer upper and lower surfaces of the central portion are aerodynamically shaped to (a) enhance the creation of aerodynamic lift forces by means of air passing through the central part; and (b) reduce resistance to air flow exiting the first air flow path. ! 2. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the outer top surface of the central portion has a convex shape, and the outer bottom surface of the central portion has a concave shape. ! 3. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the fuselage includes on one side the cabin from the first longitudinal axis. ! 4. The vehicle according to claim 3, comprising a second cockpit on an opposite side of the longitudinal axis, wherein the first and second cabin pass over the central portion so that air is directed over the top surface of the central portion between the first and second cabin to increase her lifting forces generated . ! 5. A vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the central portion has a convex surface configuration that creates a low pressure area, Arr


The single kink formation and migration energies Fk and Wm of 90° glide partial dislocations in Si and GaAs are calculated using an ab initio local density-functional cluster method. Kink migration ...


The natural propagation properties of Cycas panzhihuaensis population were investigated,and experiments of artificial pollination and propagation were conducted.The results showed that tillering was the dominant manner of propagation for Cycas panzhihuaensis natural population,while the seedling propagation was rarely observed.It was showed that artificial pollination could significantly improve the seed output.The survival rate of one-year-old seedling of Cycas panzhihuaensis could reach 69%.


The serious shortage of domestic waste disposal facilities and the level lower of domestic waste disposal have had an important effect on the quality of the urban environment and urban sustainable development. In this paper, control function requirement and method are proposed by analyzing the process of horizontal preloading domestic waste transfer station. With PLC technology and configuration-monitoring technology, the hardware and software of domestic waste compressing equipment control system are developed. In order to achieve different simulation test, a test method of using configuration software script language is proposed.


An N-phthalimide-protected (ortho-aminophenyl)propiolate was prepared by the carboxylation of the corresponding silylalkyne precursor with carbon dioxide. The obtained propiolate was further transformed to various 3,4-fused 2-quinolones via cycloadditions and subsequent deprotection/lactam formation.


This paper introduces the notion of weakly globular double categories, a particular class of strict double categories, as a way to model weak 2-categories; it explores its use in defining a double category of fractions, and shows that the sub-2-category of groupoidal weakly globular double categories forms an algebraic model of homotopy 2-types.


We investigate tiling properties of spectra of measures, i.e., sets Λ in R such that {e : λ ∈ Λ} forms an orthogonal basis in L(μ), where μ is some finite Borel measure on R. Such measures include Lebesgue measure on bounded Borel subsets, finite atomic measures and some fractal Hausdorff measures. We show that various classes of such spectra of measures have translational tiling properties. This lead to some surprizing tiling properties for spectra of fractal measures, the existence of complementing sets and spectra for finite sets with the Coven-Meyerowitz property, the existence of complementing Hadamard pairs in the case of Hadamard pairs of size 2,3,4 or 5. In the context of the Fuglede conjecture, we prove that any spectral set is a tile, if the period of the spectrum is 2,3,4 or 5.


Weaknesses/Concerns: Students needed more work on crafting an effective thesis statement. There were also a range of structural issues, evidence & development issues, and mechanics & style issues. Many of the mechanics issues seemed to be related to having English as students' (self-reported) second language. The issue of "evidence" and development of arguments was also a large weakness of many students. Too many arguments were based on personal opinion and the single source article, poem, or essay.


A dynamic bidding model of power markets is presented in this paper. The new model is composed of a difference dynamic system and the bounded constraints of bidding variables. The remarkable characteristics of the model include: (i) it adopts a process of dynamic adjustment bid where the limit point is the Nash equilibrium point; (ii) the transmission constraints of the network are considered; (iii) the bound of the bidding variables is involved. A numerical simulation is also presented to test the model's behaviors, including the convergence, the stability, and the relationship between the stability and parameters, respectively. The simulating results show that the new model is valid.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different methods of biliary stenting for intractable choledoeholithiasis. Methods A total of 137 patients with intractable choledocholithiasis were randomly divided into 4 groups to receive different managements. The treatments included single biliary stent placement in group A (n = 32 ) , single stent placement plus oral medication in group B (n = 35 ) , double stents placement in group C (n = 33) and double stents placements plus oral medication in group D (n = 37). All biliary stents were placed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Oral medication included ursodeoxycholic acid and/or anethol trithione after the procedure. All patients were closely followed up. Results The size of stones in common bile duct (CBD) decreased in all cases at 3 months after stent placement, with most significant changes in groups C and D than in groups A and B ( P 〈 0. 05 ). The stents kept unobstructed for a mean time of 7. 6 months ( 3.5-20 months) , with a significant difference between every 2 groups ( P 〈 0. 05 ) and a longest duration time in group D. A second procedure of ERCP was performed in 72 patients (52. 6% ), with achievement of total choledoeholithiasis clearance in 51 (84. 7% ). Hyperamylasemia (HA) occurred in 41 cases (29. 9% ), which were mainly observed in the groups C and D (P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusion Biliary stent placement is a safe and effective palliative therapy for intractable choledocholithiasis, while double stents placements combined with pharmacotherapy is most effective.

Key words:
Choledocholithiasis ;  Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde ;  Stent


Fluids, mainly H2O and CO2, are released from H- and C-bearing phases during prograde metamorphism. Because of the buoyancy of these fluids, they rise within the crust towards the surface of the Ea ...


For the first time to our knowledge, the aim of this study is to investigate the spatial variation of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations in Abidjan and Korhogo (Cote d'Ivoire), as well a...


Aimming at the problem that the forming process of the surface state after Cs activation or Cs/O activation is still unknown during NEA GaN photocathode study at present,encircling the photoemission mechanism of NEA GaN photocathode,combining the experiment phenomena during the activation and the successful activation results,the GaN photocathode surface model [GaN(Mg):Cs]:O-Cs after activation with cesium and oxygen is given.Using this model,the reasons that about-1.0 eV effective electron affinity can be achieved after activation only with Cs and about-1.2 eV effective electron affinity can be achieved after activation with Cs/O can be explained well.The surface atom formation can also be explained well,namely the chemical construction of dipole layer after Cs/O activation should be formed by Cs2O2 and CsO2.


The aim of this paper was to study the impact of agricultural modernization on the socio-economic status of smallholder farmers in Luweero and Nakaseke Districts. The study adopted a cross sectional research design using a sample size of 350 respondents who were randomly selected from eight Sub-counties in the two districts. Primary data collection was done through the use of self-administered questionnaires, interview guides and focused group discussions. The data was analysed using the independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that low adopters of modern agricultural practices were significantly at a disadvantage when it comes to the acquisition of valuable assets compared to high adopters. Findings further indicated that food security, household income and expenditure were significantly higher among high adopters than low adopters. Promotion of awareness about the benefits inherent in agricultural modernization as a vehicle for improving smallholder farmers" socio economic status is


Molecular-dynamics simulations of the ablation of nanocrystalline Al films by ultrashort laser pulses in the low-fluence (no-ionization) regime (0-2.5 times the ablation threshold, F{sub th}) are reported. The simulations employ an embedded-atom method potential for the dynamics of the ions and a realistic two-temperature model for the electron gas (and its interactions with the ion gas), which confers different electronic properties to the monocrystalline solid, nanocrystalline solid, and liquid regions of the targets. The ablation dynamics in three nanocrystalline structures is studied: two dense targets with different crystallite sizes (d=3.1 and 6.2 nm on average) and a d=6.2 nm porous sample. The results are compared to the ablation of monocrystalline Al. Significant differences are observed, the nanocrystalline targets showing, in particular, a lower ablation threshold and a larger melting depth, and yielding pressure waves of higher amplitude than the monocrystalline targets. Furthermore, it is shown that nanocrystalline targets experience no residual stress associated with thermal expansion and lateral constraints, and that little crystal growth occurs in the solid during and after ablation. Laser-induced spallation of the back surface of the films is also investigated; we find, in particular, that the high-strain fracture resistance of nanocrystalline samples is significantly reduced inmore » comparison to the crystalline material.« less


The prosthetic management of the edentulous patient has long been a major challenge for dentistry. Complete maxillary and mandibular dentures have been the traditional standard of care, however most patients report significantly more problems adapting to their mandibular denture due to a lack of comfort, retention, stability, and to the inability to chew and eat. Recent scientific studies have determined that the benefits of a mandibularimplant overdenture are sufficient to propose this treatment modality rather than the conventional denture as the first treatment option. The aim of this study was to compare the micromotion between two types of dental implants supporting mandibular overdentures and analyze the bone mineral density (BMD) in the implant site of the mandible. Material and methods; twenty male patients were selected for this research with their ages ranged from 5565 years. The patients were divided into two equal groups. Group A: the patients received mandibular complete overdenture supported by two Osteocare midi dental implants. Group B: the patients received mandibular complete overdenture supported by two Microdent dental implants. Stability and radiographic evaluation was carried out for every patient at the time of implant insertion, after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. The results; Clinical implant stability measurements showed that no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). Radiographic evaluation showed that bone density of alveolar ridge proved no marked difference between the two groups. Regarding the bone density around dental implants at mesial and distal sides; there was significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The bone density at mesial and distal sides of dental implants in group A was higher than in group B. It could be concluded that the surface characteristics of dental implants can affect the bone density around them. [Ibrahim R. Eltorky. Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures with two Different Implant Designs. J Am Sci 2013;9(5):295-300]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 36


The storm water pollution prevention program at the Y-12 National Security Complex consists of two primary elements: sampling and analysis of storm water run-off and routine inspections. When prescribed, the analytical data is compared to a set of cut-off concentration values to determine how the Y-12 Complex relates to other metal fabrication industries in the State of Tennessee. The latest set of inspection results revealed the Y-12 Complex has decreased the potential for storm water pollution by reducing the amount of raw materials, scrap metal and miscellaneous debris exposed to storm water. Future sampling/analysis and inspections are expected to have a continuing positive impact on storm water at the Y-12 Complex.


The class of nonlinear systems described by a discrete-time state-equation containing a repeated scalar nonlinearity is considered. The paper sharpens several previous results on the performance synthesis and model reduction for such systems. Extensions to the case that the nonlinearity is not an odd function are also discussed.


Purpose
A reluctance of social studies teachers to address religious matters prevents students from understanding the intersection of two important American institutions: slavery and Christianity. The continuing importance of religion in American life and the tension centered around race relations in this country make instruction in the connections between these two institutions invaluable. Evidence for the rich spiritual experience of enslaved African Americans is both ample and easily accessed; conversely, the misuse of Christianity by the oppressors and the biblical support for abolition commonly referenced during that period can be easily explored. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to these historical matters, modern results of the intersection of slavery and religion prove beneficial for study. While slavery itself is an irredeemable wound on American history, one that has repercussions even to this day, the encouraging impact of Christianity in the lives of enslaved African American and their progeny is worth noting.

Findings
Finally, this topic lends itself to progressive and engaging learning activities that are cooperative, project-based and authentic.

Originality/value
The teaching of history, which wrongly has a reputation for being lifeless and dull, can be improved and energized with this content of two topics still vital in America today: race and religion.


The distributions of deep levels in semi‐insulating GaAs before and after rapid thermal processing (RTP) at 800 °C are obtained by the contactless measurement of the optically injected excess carrier signal height by reflectance microwave prober method. The deep levels in the liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski‐grown 2 in. GaAs wafer are redistributed by RTP, and its spatial variation shows a W‐shaped pattern along the 〈100〉 radial direction. Furthermore, the distribution of deep levels in the RTP wafer corresponds to the crystallographic slip generation pattern, which is relief of the thermal stress during RTP, examined by x‐ray topography. The redistribution of the deep levels is due to the production of the principal deep level EL2 by RTP.


The following hypothetical human resource problem has, like so many of its ilk, no "correct" answer. In order to help your colleagues deal with such a situation, please write and tell us how you would handle it. We'll print as many as space permits.--The Editor "Donna Ogden," lead engineer in XYZ's new product development department, had grown up on a farm and loved the outdoors. Noted among her fellow workers for her environmental concerns, she was jokingly referred to as "Miss Nature Girl." She preferred the small community of "Riverbend" for its near-rural setting, and commuted 80 miles a day to work. Donna served on Riverbend's Citizens' Committee for Environmental Quality (CCEQ), a small but very active and very vocal citizens' group that recently fought off an attempt to rezone Riverbend's recreational and wildlife area for commercial purposes. While acknowledging that commercial development would help Riverbend's depressed economy, CCEQ had convinced the City Council that economic progress should not come at the expense of the environment. Donna's car displays a "Let's Keep Riverbend Rural" bumper sticker. Due to the success of a new product (in whose development Donna participated), XYZ needs to build a new light manufacturing facility. It will be engaged in relatively "clean" manufacturing operations. XYZ's planning department determined that Riverbend's recreational and wildlife area would be a very desirable location for its new facility. Planning was authorized to approach Riverbend's City Council and make what XYZ believed to be a very generous offer. Presenting itself as an environmentally conscious corporation, XYZ offered to pay a premium price for 25 percent of the wildlife and recreational area. It further offered to carefully monitor and control emissions into the air and water, using "beyond the state of the art" equipment and standards. It would also contribute money every year for the preservation and maintenance of the remaining 75 percent of the area. In addition, XYZ pointed out that its presence would increase the tax base of Riverbend, create new jobs and enhance the local economy. A member of XYZ's planning department learned that Donna lived in Riverbend. He suggested to XYZ's director of new product development, "Tom Evers" (whom readers of this column will remember from his experience with a project that went "underground," in RTM, July-August, 1990), that he ask Donna whether she knew any City Council members personally and would be willing to encourage them to accept XYZ's proposal. Tom talked with Donna. He suggested that a future transfer to the new factory might be possible and that her commuting could then be eliminated. Angered, Donna replied that she was not acquainted with any of the City Council members and thought she could no be of any worthwhile help. Tom reported the conversation to the planning department. A few days later he got a call from the vice president of planning, stating that he had learned from an old friend in Riverbend about the CCEQ and Donna's membership in it. "Tom," he said, "that citizen's committee is adamantly opposed to commercial development in Riverbend and will oppose our acquiring the land we want. Donna has a reputation in Riverbend as being one of the most outspoken members of the committee. …


The development of the regions along Yellow River has great significance not only for Yellow River basin,but also for economic and social development of China.In consideration of regional development along Yellow River,the coordination between human and land should be an important principle.This paper analyzes the relationships between origin and diffusion of Yellow River civilization and its geographical environment.We argues that modern development of the regions along Yellow River should take the followings into account: changing priority from management to development;recognizing advantages of special geographical and social cultural factors;making full use of interactions of the upper and the lower and interactions of the left and the right;and designing synthetical development of the regions along Yellow River.In the end,two questions are discussed: 1)Geographical environment influence on development of human civilization should still be paid sufficient attentions.From a historical perspective,geographical environment plays a leading role in the man-land relationship in the early stage of civilization.With the ability strengthened to exploit environment,human become gradually more and more powerful.2)Yellow River civilization and marine civilization should co-exist at a higher level integration.Yellow River civilization has been facing the impact from marine civilization,but in the view of scientific outlook on development,Yellow River civilization contains more ecological civilization' connotation,science-technology and business development of marine civilization can't completely replace man-land coordination embodied in Yellow River civilization.


With diversity in race, religion, culture, and language, Indian cuisine is unique to each region. The varied nature of the cuisine is mainly based on what is grown and harvested, depending on the climate and region. Various spices and herbs are added to enhance the flavor and to keep the food fresh. Moreover, spices and herbs are also used for medicinal purposes. History suggests that earlier people consumed traditional food and followed the dietary rules outlined in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, food and wellbeing are highly related, with nutrition plays as a central role in ensuring a balance of the mind, body, and spirit. The influence of various invaders and traders such as the Greeks, Mughals, Mongols, the Chinese, British, and the Portuguese at different phases in time have immensely contributed to enriching and transforming the food culture of India. This article presents an overview of the Indian culinary journey with emphasis on regional cuisine from the northern to the southern and western to the eastern part of the sub-continent.


The utility model relates to a multi-function hemiplegia limb recovery vehicle driven by electricity with four wheels, which is used for hemiplegia patient's step replacement. The recovery vehicle of the utility model is provided with operating rods 8, a shank massager 9 and a finger moving device 10. The shank massager 9 is composed of a rolling massage wheel 15, an assistant wheel 22 of the rolling massage wheel, a massager motor 35, a wheel plate 25 of a rocking rod, a main rod 23 of the massager, a rocking rod 24, etc. The finger moving device 10 is composed of four frictional cams 17 stacked together with the same shape, size and thickness, a cam center axle 18, an elbow support 19, a built-in motor, etc. The directional operating handles 8 of right and left handrails are respectively composed of an operating handle 30, an operating switch 34, an operating connecting rod 31 and a small wheel 13. The utility model is also provided with a water filling soft pad 6, a safe belt 7, a hand pushing handle 11, a charger 4, an accumulator 3, etc.


The Context of Speech in the Minutes of Cases of Body Shaming at the Makassar District Court: A Forensic Linguistic Study. The purpose of this study is to describe the context of the speech and find out the existing legal review of the body shaming case at the Makassar District Court. This research is a descriptive study using the ethnographic theory of communication. The object of research is the case report. The data collection instruments in this study were the documentation method and note-taking. The data that has been identified is then broken down into SPEAKING elements, which are an acronym for building elements of the context of speech events. Furthermore, the SPEAKING elements consist of settings and scenes, participants, ends, acts, keys, instrumentals, standards, and genres. The results showed that the use of the word "cilang" in the sentence "Oee Cilang, stop! (Oi Cilang, stop it!)" uttered by Risma was not in the swearing category.


The invention relates to a roof module for a vehicle, which is mountable from above into a body opening and a fixed outer shell (12) and at least one electric functional unit (16) which is connected by a carrier unit (14) pre-mounted on the underside of the outer shell. The electrical functional unit (16) by means of the carrier unit (14) between a mounting position in which the electrical functional unit through the body opening can be passed, and an operating position in which the electric functional unit at least in part to a boundary (22) of the body opening can be applied adjustable. The invention further relates to a method for assembling such a roof module.


heat stress at pasture (mean and standard error). Milk production, milking frequency and rumination time of grazing dairy cows milked by a mobile automatic system during mild heat stress periods Lessire F.1, Minet, J2; Hornick J.L1, Dufrasne I1. 1. Animal Production Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège – Belgium 2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Liège, avenue de Longwy, 185, 6700 Arlon, Belgium


Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) consists in injecting a powder feedstock material in a plasma jet to melt and accelerate the injected particles and spray them onto a substrate. However, this mechanism of coating formation induces the presence of pores and micro-cracks. In order to eliminate those defects, laser remleting may be used to improve the properties and performances of plasma sprayed coatings. In the present paper, the Ni-Cr-Re coatings fabricated by plasma spraying on stainless steel substrate were remelted by CO2 laser, and the effects of laser remelting were studied. The structure and chemical composition of plasma sprayed and laser remelted coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the laser remelted coating becomes much denser and, moreover, the chemical composition of the coatings becomes homogeneous.


Unit Processes in Manufacturing Needs and Roles of Monitoring Systems Principles of Sensors in Manufacturing Sensors for Machine Tools and Robots Sensors for Macro-- and Micro--geometric Features of Workpieces Sensors for Process Monitoring (Casting, Forming, Laser Processing, Electrical Discharge Machining, Coating, ...) Developments in Manufacturing and their Influence on Sensors


Purpose – In August 2004, the Library Collections and Systems team at Lehigh University released MyLibrary @ Lehigh within the campus portal to the university community. The purpose of this article is to explain how what began as an integration strategy of the library's electronic resources into one complete stand‐alone application became the library's response to the fast‐growing campus portal.Design/methodology/approach – Explains how MyLibrary@Lehigh was developed and implemented.Findings – It became evident during its development and integration stages that MyLibrary@Lehigh would greatly enhance the success and usage of the campus portal. As a repository of all of the library's electronic resources, MyLibrary@Lehigh has become the one‐stop shop for the library within the campus‐wide, one‐stop shop of the campus portal.Originality/value – MyLibrary has become a clear choice as an open‐source solution.


Variations in terrestrial surface water storage cause elastic crustal displacements of several millimeters in the vertical direction on daily to seasonal time scales. Locally, strong signals with exceptionally high amplitudes can be observed along the major river channels. As the horizontal resolution of global hydrological models is typically limited to 0.5° × 0.5°, the generalized model drainage network leads to simulated river mass distributions that are not necessarily collocated with the real courses of the rivers. Moreover, the spreading of locally concentrated surface water on the coarse model grids leads to substantially underestimated amplitudes of simulated hydrologically induced surface displacements. We therefore develop a relocation procedure to improve such hydrological loading estimates, especially at locations near the river banks. We separate the water masses stored in the modeled river network from the total water storage and relocate them on a georeferenced river map with higher resolution. Applying the relocated river masses, simulated hydrological loading amplitudes increase by 0.2–5 mm for the vertical load‐induced surface displacement along the major rivers, at the Amazon even up to additional 15 mm. The amplitudes for the horizontal load‐induced surface displacements are slightly increased, up to maximum 3 mm. Besides changes in the distance to the mass loads, the horizontal displacement fields is also heavily affected by significant changes in the directions to the relocated river mass load. The comparison of modeled hydrologically induced surface displacement time series with Global Positioning System observations shows a significantly improved fit for stations in close proximity to larger rivers when applying the relocation procedure.


The Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) recently developed connected vehicle (CV) applications that detect wrong-way vehicles, warn wrong-way drivers, notify traffic management agencies and law enforcement, and alert affected travelers. The research team reviewed the state of the practice regarding intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and CV technologies being applied as wrong-way driving (WWD) countermeasures. Next, the research team identified user needs associated with the implementation of CV WWD applications, and developed a concept of operations and functional requirements for CV WWD applications. The research team then built, tested, and successfully conducted a proof-of-concept demonstration of the CV WWD applications at the Texas A&M University RELLIS Campus.


By studying winter training loads for LI Zhen-zhu as an excellent women 3000m steeplechase racer in China,the authors drew the following conclusions: the racer's training was mainly aerobic and anaerobic training mixed stamina straining,her training load intensity was increased by increasing the load for mixed metabolism;during the racer's training,the pace was distinctive,the load intensity arrangement was rational,and the load intensity was constantly increased on the basis of a certain load,which is in conformity with the trend of advanced steeplechase straining today;various training plans were executed as scheduled,and the racer's sports capacity and performance were significantly improved.


[POR NÃO SER EXISTINDO]: Displacements Towards Empathy consists of an interactive artwork that employs cognitive computing [1-3] and ubiquitous computing [4-6] concepts and techniques to revisit 'Narcissus' in a co-authored physical-digital space (interactor / artwork / artist) from contemporary references: social networks and public database platforms. However, in contrast to the unique enchantment by itself brought by the myth, and the excessive worship of the itself image, often observed in these networks, in [POR NÃO SER EXISTINDO] the visitor's body displacements through the exhibition space lead him to access the five levels of navigation of the artwork, as well as to the perception of his image and of himself as something fully reached only in otherness and empathy. That is, something that is fully elaborated only in the continuous apprehension of the presence and emotions of the other.


of the strains available, grown under a variety of conditions, it should prove possible to define the control mechanisms that regulate the synthesis of individual cytochromes (both haem and apocytochrome synthesis) and their functional activity in E. coliand to differentiate between those effects that result from catabolite-gene activator protein deficiency, from cyclic AMP deficiency and from catabolite repression.


Anomalous Diffusion of Water Molecules on Cell Membranes Investigated by Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Due to the development of experimental single-particle tracking techniques, it has been revealed that diffusion of tracer particles differs dramatically from the laws of Brownian motion (normal diffusion), i.e. , anomalous diffusion and aging. Here, using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we show anomalous diffusion and aging in the translational and rotational diffusion of water molecules on lipid membrane surfaces. Moreover, we provide evidence that two different physical mechanisms can describe this anomalous diffusion. The anomalous diffusion on the membranes may play an important role in providing unique environments for cell membrane functions.


The index and the glycemic load of foods consist in a tool to assist the treatment of these illnesses and to improve the performance in the physical activity. Objective: to assist the professional nutritionist in a decision to use the index and the glicemica load of foods as treatment of chronic-degenerative illnesses and of the income of the physical exercise. Revision of Literature: the carbohydrates consist of our primary source of energy. However its extreme consumption is being associated to the increase of the accumulation of the fat body. A way to prevent this accumulation would be the use of the glycemic index and the glycemic load of foods for presenting positive factors in the treatment of chronic-degenerative illnesses, a time that act in the insulin response and it is related with the saciety and blood pressure. This index also is related with improvement of the physical activity a time that promotes an improvement in the use of the muscular glycogen. Conclusion: Although the glycemic Index and the glycemic load to be of easy practical application, still have the necessity to standardize and to adapt the existing methods and tables, therefore diverse factors influence in the determination of IG and CG, being that the same ones are not applied separately, to the treatment of the obesity, having to be allies to other nutritional parameters in accordance with the objective of the treatment.


Speaker segmentation is widely applied in many domains such as multi-speaker detection and speaker tracking. However, the performance of the conventional metric-based methods is neither good enough nor stable due to the stability of the between-window distance calculation. In order to enhance the stability and hence to improve the performance, a new method based on the between-window correlation over speakers' characteristics is proposed. In this method, a set of reference speaker models are trained which can represent the whole speaker model space. The between-window correlation of likelihood vectors of scores against these reference models is taken as the metric. The gender information and the Peak and Valley information are also used. Experiments over NIST SRE 2002 Segmentation BNEWS and SWBD Datasets show that better performance can be achieved compared with the BIC and the GLR methods. What's more, the proposed method can achieve approximately the best performance in a wider value range of predefined thresholds than the BIC and the GLR methods, which reduces the threshold sensitivity.


The high-speed long-range giant seaplanes that have two and three fuselages carrying 1,000 to 1,500 passengers were studied. The twinfuselage seaplane with one inboard wing connecting the fuselages located at both wing tips has 1.6Mlb Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) and carries 170Klb payload in the 7,000nm range. The triple-fuselage seaplane that has forward and rear wings connecting left, center, and right fuselages has 2.5Mlb MTOW and carries 260 to 300Klb payload in the same range. Fuselage bottoms of the two aircrafts are configured as the double shallow-step hydroplanes. The aircraft use in coordination with large ships that provide loading/unloading and refueling services on the ocean, which is called the integrated air and marine freight service in this paper, is expected to renovate the global transportation of heavy shipments now handled by low-speed ocean and land freighters. This paper describes the design variations and mission capabilities of the aircraft as well as the innovative transportation services accomplished by it.


Abstract This paper reports the discovery and presents the results of a first analysis of the observed morphology of a candidate external irradiated circumstellar disk/jet system found in the deep core of Trumpler 14, a cluster an order of magnitude more massive than the only cluster where bona-fide proplyds have been found, the Trapezium cluster in the Orion Nebula.


There is a force peak at the beginning of each stroke during the insect flight, this force peak contributes a lot to the total aerodynamic force. To build a man made insect inspired man-made micro aero vehicle, this force need to be considered in the aero force model, and this model should as simple as possible in order to be used in feedback real-time control. Here we presented a simplified model to take the medium added mass effect of the wing into account. Simulated results show a high force peak at the beginning of each stroke and are quite similar to the measured forces on the physical wing model which were carried out by Dickinson et.al.


The aim of this paper was to assess factors which influence women's level of access to agricultural resources in the Talensi and Nabdam Districts of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The study which adopted a survey design also used both quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection and analysis. A total of one hundred and seventy-one (171) women farmers were sampled for the study. Structured interview schedules were administered followed by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The study found out that found older women have higher level access to their farmlands than younger respondents. Marital status was revealed to increase women's level of access to agricultural resources in general, however, senior wives had greater access than junior wives. Contrary to existing literature, widows were found to have more access especially to land, when they have male adult children as the children inherit their father's lands. In sum, the study generally revealed that socio-demographic factors have a strong influence on women's level of access to agricultural resources. Keywords: 'Tindaannam', 'Naara',   'Talensi', 'Nabdam'


SummarySince the first reports of the efficacy of locally administered prostaglandin E2 in ripening the cervix before induction of labour (Calder et al, 1977; Mackenzie et al, 1977), extra-amniotic and vaginal routes of administration (Toplis et al, 1979) and different prostaglandins and doses (Mackenzie et al., 1979) have been compared. We have found no reports dealing with duration of exposure of the cervix to prostaglandin E2.


An anatomically preserved lycopsid, Lobodendron fanwanensegen. et sp. nov. Liu, Wang, Xue & Meng, is described from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China. The fossil plant bears slender, dichotomously branched axes. The vascular strand consists of solid terete primary xylem and lobed secondary xylem, which implies the result from the activity of possibly discontinuous cambium. The new plant has character combinations that do not conform to any branches in the canopy of the tree-lycopsids known previously, but resemble those of the basal part of some pseudoherbaceous lycopsids. This new plant may exemplify a Late Devonian lycopsid with a pseudoherbaceous growth habit.


The aim of this paper is to present specific orthopaedic
insoles and biomechanical shoes manufactured in the Czech
Republic in cooperation with Faculty of Sport Studies and, most
importantly, objective data which were arrived at during
analyzing the effect of such orthopaedic means on distribution
of plantar pressure and perfusion of the feet in two selected
probands. Immediate effect on the sole inside the shoe was
measured through plantographic insoles; long-term effect on a
bare foot was measured on a plantographic platform and thermic
effects of walking in tested and regular shoes were compared in
pictures taken by thermographic cam. The results of the proband
who was testing orthopaedic insoles and the one who was testing
biomechanical shoes were quite different. With orthopaedic
insoles, both plantographic and thermic measurements proved
majority of the proclaimed positive effects whereas the effects
of biomechanical shoes were both positive and negative. A
common feature was immediate reaction towards a change which is
positively manifested only after long-term use.


Caffeine is found in commonly consumed food and beverage items including coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks, and chocolate (1). Coffee, the most frequent caffeine source for adults in North America, is associated with overall longevity and protective effects on cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and several types of cancers (2–5). Coffee was previously listed as a possible carcinogen by the WHO, but was removed from the list in 2016 (6). The effect of coffee consumption continues to be highly debated possibly because of the complexity and pathophysiologic differences in various diseases and types of cancers. Coffee itself is complex, containing an array of healthful components such as riboflavin, magnesium, and polyphenols, but also potentially harmful components such as acrylamide and caffeine. In addition to the food sources and disease outcomes, the specific life-stages of consumers may influence the adverse effects of caffeine (7). For pregnant women, moderate caffeine intake to <300 mg/d (or 200 mg/d depending on the source) has been recommended, based on some data linking high intake to miscarriage and low birthweight (8, 9). [An 8 oz cup of brewed coffee contains close to 100 mg of caffeine (10); a large (20 oz) commercial coffee can have as much as 475 mg (11).] However, the safe amount of caffeine intake during pregnancy continues to be questioned, and the longer-term impact on exposed offspring has not been given much attention. In this issue of the Journal, Chen et al. (12) shed light into this knowledge gap through the use of data from a prospective cohort study from Ireland which included >500 mother-child dyads. The authors conclude that maternal antenatal, but not paternal or grandparental, caffeine intake, is associated with higher offspring childhood obesity risk (12). This study of maternal pregnancy caffeine intake on the longterm health outcome of children collected dietary information from not only the pregnant mothers, but also from fathers and grandparents, further clarifying the potential influence of in utero compared with shared environment. Maternal caffeine intake >200 mg/d was associated with a higher BMI Z score in offspring at the ages of both 5 and 9 y. Further, maternal caffeine intake was associated with childhood overweight/obesity and central obesity (waist circumference >90th percentile), whereas paternal intake was not associated. Although the present report adds to emerging evidence on the potential impact of pregnancy diet on long-term offspring health, it has several limitations in providing concrete answers about possible adverse effects of pregnancy caffeine intake. First, the specific timing of pregnancy diet is not clearly captured. Some women reported first-trimester intake, while others reported intake in part of the second trimester in addition to the first. This raises several concerns related to both random and systematic errors. Since women may change their caffeine intake in early pregnancy, women who reported intake later in pregnancy may have reported less frequent caffeine intake compared with those who reported intake earlier in pregnancy, although the true intake for both may be similar. Therefore, the important public health question of whether changing maternal caffeine intake during the first trimester reduces the long-term risk for offspring obesity remains unanswered. Further, not taking maternal postpartum caffeine intake into consideration questions the critical timing of maternal diet influence on child development since women can pass caffeine through breastfeeding. Second, substitutional analysis by other beverage choices was not performed to assess the effect of drinking noncaffeinated beverages instead of caffeinated ones on offspring health. Such information may help knowledge translation in developing optimal public health recommendations for healthy pregnancy. Third, the interpretation and generalizability of the current study are limited by the modest sample size and the homogeneous study population setting. The current study was conducted in 2 hospitals located in the Republic of Ireland recruiting Irish mothers. Although the Food Safety Authority of Ireland recommendation for caffeine intake during pregnancy of <200 mg/d is similar to some countries, other countries have higher recommended limits of 300 mg/d (7). Since the upper category limit in the current analysis was ≥200 mg/d, this cannot answer the critical question about the direction of contribution of the intake between 200 and 300 mg/d. In addition, the food and beverage sources of caffeine differ in different regions (1). Since different food and beverage items contain varying nutrient and bioactive components, the overall contributing effect of caffeine from the specific food or beverage source may change based on its interaction with other components. Therefore, caffeine intake needs further investigations in various cultural and population settings to be relevant in the specific regions.


Method of combating infestations of bee hives. It describes a method for combating infestations of honeybee colonies, especially varroa, which comprises introducing into the hives aqueous composition containing pasty in character polymeric coacervate microcapsules of microdroplets including, especially essential oils thymol. The method allows treatment of the hive with a single introduction of the composition, ensuring effective levels of essential oil in the atmosphere of the hive for four to six weeks, all without having effects of rejection in the bee colony.


Introduction A General Overview: The Role of Service Activities in the World Economy On Services and Growth Poles in Advanced Economies Services and the Development Process in Third World Economies Some Specifics on Services in Third World Settings--Tourism and the Development Process Tourist Enclaves and Host Nation Development Cruise Ships and the Development of Small Island Nations Offshore Banking Centers and the Development Process Services and the Development of Urban Labor Markets--Urban Expansion and Structural Change in the Puerto Rican Economy Private Service Employment in Puerto Rican Metropolitan Areas Some Final Reflections--An Overview of Services and Expansionary Processes Service Realities and Economic Policy Bibliography Index


The endothelium is crucial in maintaining the haemostatic balance between pro‐ and anti‐thrombotic factors. In this pilot study, the association of endothelial biomarkers with arterial recanalization and clinical outcome in the setting of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) was evaluated amongst patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA).


Objective To discuss the possible influence of the existence of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery(FTP) on the diameters of anterior cerebral artery(ACA) on the same side,internal carotid artery(ICA) on the same side and basilar artery(BA) in order to provide reference information for performing medical imaging analysis.Methods A retrospective analyse was performed on 50 cases examined by 3.0 T 3D-TOF-MRA in the hospital.Artery diameters of the posterior communicating artery,posterior cerebral artery P1 segment,ACA A1 segment,ICA and BA were measured on maximum intensity projection(MIP) images.Statistic methods were used to explore whether these diameters were influenced by the existance of FTP.Results 20%(10/50) of the cases had at least 1 fetal-type posterior cerebral artery.According to the results of this study,it was not concluded that whether FTP comes with a different prevalence of A1 hypogenesis.Right FTP comes with a larger right ICA diameter(t=-2.108,P=0.040) and a smaller BA diameter(t=2.935,P=0.005).There was no statistically significant difference between the left ICA diameters of the FTP group and the No FTP group.There was no statistically significant difference between the BA diameters of the FTP group and the No FTP group.Conclusions FTP is common.The existence of right FTP is accompanied by changes of right ICA diameter and BA diameter.


Facile synthesis of highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is important for large‐scale hydrogen production. Herein, nickel hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (Ni(OH)2/rGO) composite thin film was fabricated using dip‐coating followed by electrodeposition method on Ni foam substrate at room temperature. The deposited composite film shows amorphous nature with ultra‐thin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets vertically coated on rGO surface, which provides large electrochemical surface area and abundant catalytically active sites. It exhibits a low overpotential of 260 mV @10 mA cm−2 as compared to the pristine electrodes and excellent long‐term stability up to 20 hours in 1 M KOH solution. The electrochemical active surface area and Tafel slope of the composite electrode are 20.2 mF cm−2 and 35 mV dec−1, respectively. The superior water oxidation performance is a result of high catalytically active sites and improved conductivity of the composite electrode.


Objective To investigate growth kinetics of TBCs and pure BC as well as microstructure evolution of TGO in TBCs. Methods Variations in TGO thickness of APS鄄TBCs and pure BCs after isothermal oxidation at 1100 益 for 2,5,10,20,50,100, 200,350 h were comparatively analyzed. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the surface and cross鄄section of TBCs. Results TGO growth kinetics for both samples followed parabolic laws, and the oxidation rate constants of TBCs and pure BC were 0. 344 滋m / h 5 and 0. 354 滋m / h , respectively. TGO mainly consisted of 琢鄄Al2O3 after isothermal oxidation for 5 h. CoO, NiO, Cr2O3 and spinel oxides appeared with the increase of oxidation time. CoO disappeared, and content of NiO reduced while contents of Cr2O3 and spinel oxides increased after isothermal oxidation for 100 h. Cracks appeared but failure of TBCs did not occur after iso鄄 thermal oxidation at 1100 益 for 350 h. TGO eventually consisted of a sub鄄Al2O3 layer with columnar microstructure and the upper · 1 9 · 表摇 面摇 技摇 术摇 摇 摇 2015 年 11 月 porous mixture. Conclusion TCs had little effect on the oxidation rate constant of BCs. 琢鄄Al2O3 was firstly formed in TGO and grew in form of columnar crystals, then mixed oxides appeared on 琢鄄Al2O3 and the growth rate of TGO became slow.


Objective To improve the successful rate of puncturing blood in femoral vein of preterm infants,and to reduce the incidence of complications.Method Total 156 cases of preterm infants received puncturing blood in femoral vein were randomly divided into the control group(76 cases) and the observation group(80 cases).The control group punctured with traditional oblique angle positioning,the observation group with vertical positioning.Results The observation group′s one-time successful rate of puncturing,the qualified rate of samples were obviously higher than those of the control group,the time of puncturing blood was obviously shorter than that of the control group,the incidence of hematoma,mis-puncturing artery,ecchymosis and infection were obviously lower than those of the control group.Conclusion Puncturing through vertical positioning takes on such advantages as accuracy,timesaving,higher successful rate,lower rate of incidence complications than the traditional way through oblique angle positioning.


In this paper, we consider flare dispensing which is one of the cost-effective electronic attack techniques widely used by air platforms to protect themselves from heat seeking infrared missiles (IRGM-Infrared Guided Missile), and compare classification of successful and unsuccessful flare dispensing programs against a chosen missile seeker via support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN). In this work, the engagement between an IRGM with a seeker using pulse width modulation (PWM) and an air platform which tries to escape from this threat by dispensing flare is simulated. The results show that SVM performs better than ANN in classifying successful and unsuccessful flare dispensing programs.


Hybrids between cork oak and holm oak occur in a large range of overlap between these two species in Portugal, and the subsequent crosspollination involving the hybrids and cork oak has been postulated to result in some of the worst cork-producing trees in Portugal. A methodological framework was set for the routine large scale detection of hybrid genotypes using isoenzyme analysis. The effectiveness of isoenzyme markers enabling the discrimination of the hybrid trees from both parent species was probed on the nursery-grown progenies derived from reference "pure" populations, selected mixed stands and hybrid individuals. No spontaneous hybrid was detected among 1141 seedlings originating in the mixed stands, thus suggesting that the incidence of hybridization is quite low. The seedlings derived from 3 hybrids confirmed that the discriminant isoenzyme loci recombined and segregated the parenta l types , and a strong preference for mating with cork oak in two of these hybrids was suggested. A substantial increase of the fixation index F within a single generation for the polymorphic cork oak phosphoglucose isomerase locus may indicate that a significant proportion of seedlings derive from short-range pollen, a factor that might weigh on the formation of hybrids between these two species.


We propose a novel technique to regenerate the optical signal in a relay-based free space optical link. Our proposed regenerator is based on an Electro-absorption modulator whose optical input is the signal to be regenerated, while the electrical input is extracted by processing a part of the optical input signal. The signal at the output of the proposed regenerator based relay has lower intensity fluctuations compared to a conventional optical amplifier based relay. We have tested our proposed regenerator-based relay under medium and strong turbulence conditions by choosing the refractive index structure parameters as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 10^{-15}\,\,m^{-2/3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 10^{-10}\,\,m^{-2/3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Our simulation results show that the proposed regenerator-based relay reduces the received power penalty by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.5~dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the conventional amplifier-based relay, under strong turbulence conditions.