We present a data set that enhanced the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) monthly product 3B43 in its accuracy and spatial resolution. For this, we developed a correction function to improve the accuracy of TRMM 3B43, spatial resolution of ~25 km, by estimating and removing the bias in the satellite data using a ground-based precipitation data set. We observed a strong relationship between the bias and land surface elevation; TRMM 3B43 tends to underestimate the ground-based product at elevations above 1500 m above mean sea level (m.amsl) over the conterminous United States. A relationship was developed between satellite bias and elevation. We then resampled TRMM 3B43 to the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data set at a spatial resolution of 30 arc second (~1 km on the ground). The produced high-resolution satellite-based data set was corrected using the developed correction function based on the bias-elevation relationship. Assuming that each rain gauge represents an area of ~1 km2, we verified our product against 9,200 rain gauges across the conterminous United States. The new product was compared with the gauges, which have 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% temporal coverage within the TRMM period of 1998 to 2015. Comparisons between the high-resolution corrected satellite-based data and gauges showed an excellent agreement. The new product captured more detail in the changes in precipitation over the mountainous region than the original TRMM 3B43. (Less)


The neotropical loricarioid catfishes include six families, the most species-rich of which are the Callichthyidae and the Loricariidae. Loricariidae (suckermouth armoured catfishes) have a highly specialized head morphology, including an exceptionally large number of muscles derived from the adductor mandibulae complex and the adductor arcus palatini. Terminology of these muscles varies among the literature, and no data exist on their ontogenetic origin. A detailed examination of the ontogeny of both a callichthyid and a loricariid representative now reveals the identity of the jaw and maxillary barbel musculature, and supports new hypotheses concerning homologies. The adductor mandibulae muscle itself is homologous to the A1-OST and A3′ of basal catfishes, and the A3′ has given rise to the newly evolved loricariid retractor veli as well. The A2 and A3″ have resulted in the retractor tentaculi of Callichthyidae and the retractor premaxillae of Loricariidae. Thus, these two muscles are shown to be homologous. In Loricariidae, the extensor tentaculi consists of two separate muscles inserting on the autopalatine, and evidence is given on the evolutionary origin of the loricariid levator tentaculi (previously and erroneously known as retractor tentaculi) from the extensor tentaculi, and not the adductor mandibulae complex. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 155, 76‐96. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: adductor mandibulae ‐ Ancistrus ‐ Corydoras ‐ development ‐ homology ‐ myology ‐ suckermouth catfish.


There are a variety of beam current transformers that are used at all accelerator facilities for current and bunch charge measurements. Transformer signals are traditionally measured using integrator electronics followed by a digitizer. However, integrator circuits have a limited bandwidth and are susceptible to noise. By directly digitizing the output of the transformer, the signal bandwidth is limited only by the transformer characteristics and the digitizing platform. Digital integration and filtering can then easily be applied to reduce noise resulting in an overall improvement of the beam parameter measurements. This paper describes a Python-based application that performs the filtering and integration of a current transformer pulse that has been directly digitized by an oscilloscope.


In this paper, we study the channel selection problem in edge computing-empowered cognitive machine-to-machine (CM2M) communications, where a massive number of machine type devices (MTDs) offload their computational tasks to a nearby edge server by opportunistically using the spectra that are temporarily unoccupied by primary users (PUs). We formulate the channel selection problem as an adversarial multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, and combine the exponential-weight algorithm for exploration and exploitation (EXP3) and Lyapunov optimization to develop a learning-based energy-efficient solution named SEB-EXP3. It can find the long-term optimal channel selection strategy with guaranteed performance based on local information, while simultaneously achieving service reliability awareness, energy awareness, and data backlog awareness. Four heuristic algorithms are compared with SEB-EXP3 to demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability under various simulation settings.


Chinese topic is always placed at the beginning of a sentence and regarded as normal word order. English topic is often hidden as the object of a sentence. Therefore, in translation from Chinese to English, Chinese topic is frequently arranged as object of English sentence.


This paper considers a single machine scheduling problem with deterioration and no inserted idle times. Each job has a due date, a weight and a processing time. The objective is to find an optimal sequence of the set of jobs to minimize the total weighted tardiness. To prevent premature convergence of the optimization algorithm, a genetic tabu search (GTS) algorithm is presented. In the GTS, the mutation operator is implemented with the tabu search method to enhance the local search ability. A fair comparison of genetic operators has been made between GTS and simple GA, and the experimental results show that the GTS considerably outperforms the simple GA.


The purpose of the total maximum daily load (TMDL) process is to protect and maintain
designated beneficial uses of surface water (e.g., drinking water, livestock watering, irrigation, or
fishing). This process require monitoring and assessment of quality of surface water bodies.
The specific objectives of this study were to (1) determine the natural variability in the
concentration of a non-point source pollutant (e.g., nitrate) and (2) to estimate minimum sample
size needed to adequately describe TMDL process. Water samples were collected from nine
sites in the Miracle Mile, North Platte River, Wyoming on six sampling dates. The temperature,
dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were measured in the field prior to the sampling. Samples were
taken to the Water Quality laboratory and analyzed for nitrate with Ion Chromatography (IC).
The temperature of the water was between 13 and 16.8 O C and pH was from 7.6 to 8.9. The DO
ranged between 59 and 137% saturation. These water quality parameters increased with
distance. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 14.16 mg/L and yielded no
consistent trends. Results in this study suggest that to adequately characterize a non-point source
pollutant such as nitrate in a natural fluvial ecosystem require large sample sizes.


I will review our present understanding of in-medium changes of the properties of hadrons. Results of calculations for cold (nuclear matter) and for hot (heavy-ion collisions) strongly interacting matter will be discussed. The focus will be on hadrons made out of light quarks, in particular vector mesons and their interrelation to baryonic resonances.


ABSTRACT ACTION OBSERVATION (AO) IS LEARNING A SKILL THROUGH OBSERVING ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL (MODEL) PERFORMING THE SAME SKILL. AO IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHOD OF INSTRUCTION FOR SKILL ACQUISITION. IN ATHLETE PREPARATION, COACHING TECHNICAL AND NOVEL RESISTANCE TRAINING (RT) EXERCISES TO ATHLETES IS COMMON, BUT AT TIMES, AVOIDED BECAUSE OF TIME EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY CONCERNS. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES CURRENT EVIDENCE SURROUNDING THE APPLICATION OF AO IN COACHING DURING SKILL ACQUISITION AND THE LIMITED BUT GROWING EVIDENCE ILLUSTRATING THE POTENTIAL OF IMPLEMENTING AO IN AN RT SETTING.


The present study was conducted to explore the fractal behavior and establish fractal dimensions of soil physical and chemical properties (i.e., sand, silt, and clay contents, bulk density, degree of moisture saturation, pH, organic carbon content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) to characterize their spatial patterns. Soil samples were collected from 0-30 (surface) and 30-60 cm (subsurface) depths from an agricultural field, Mashhad Plain, Northeast Iran. Descriptive statistics and fractal analysis were used to describe the extent and form of variability. Spatial patterns of the soil properties were estimated using GS+ 10.0 software.  Soil properties showed low to high variations in both surface and subsurface layers across the field, where bulk density and pH being the most reliable soil physical and chemical properties in the study area. The variability was high (CV > 35%) for total N, available P, available K and organic carbon in both surface and subsurface soils and it could be attributed to management practices and micro-topographical variations as these are the dynamic properties of soil. The fractal dimension (D) values of soil physical properties ranged from 1.398 to 1.913 at the surface, and from 1.874 to 1.934 at the subsurface indicating both short and long range variations. The D values for the chemical properties ranged from 1.331 to 1.975, and 1.148 to 1.990 in the surface and subsurface layers, respectively. The results showed that fractal analysis could be employed to effectively describe the structure of soil heterogeneity in spatial scale for effective agricultural and environmental management of soil.


In this paper, we propose the LegoNet - a system to classify and summarize legal judgments using Sentence Embedding, Capsule Networks and Unsupervised Extractive Summarization. To train and test the system, we have created a mini-corpus of Indian legal judgments which have been annotated according to the classes: Facts, Arguments, Evidences and Judgments. The proposed framework uses Sentence Embedding and Capsule Networks to classify parts of legal judgments into the classes mentioned above. This is then used by the extractive summarizer to generate a concise and succinct summary of the document grouped according to the above mentioned classes. Such a system could be used to help enable the Legal Community by speeding up the processes involving reading and summarizing legal documents which a Law professional would undertake in preparing for a case. The performance of the Machine Learning Model in this architecture can improve over time as more annotated training data is added to the corpus.


Introduction: Management of periprosthetic infection in total hip arthroplasties is challenging, especially when there is severe loss of proximal femoral bone stock. When a 2-stage approach is used, either a static or an articulating spacer may be considered. Static spacers leave the patient with a flail leg, which can be very difficult with massive bone loss. The purpose of this study is to report a novel technique for articulating antibiotic spacers and report our results. Materials and Methods: We describe a technique for an articulating hip spacer in the setting of a large amount of proximal femoral bone loss using a locked intramedullary nail, modular femoral body, and an all-polyethylene constrained acetabular component. This technique allowed for mobilization of the patient without a flail leg. Four patients underwent 2-stage reconstruction, and the case series is reported here. Results: No complications occurred due to the spacer, and in all cases, a second reconstruction was later carried out after treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Three of 4 patients did well after 2-stage reconstruction, with 1 patient ultimately requiring an amputation. Discussion: We feel this technique improves upon previously reported large spacers due to the stability and maintenance of leg length. Conclusion: This technique offers a modular solution to address massive bone loss of the proximal femur in the face of periprosthetic joint infection.


Random access schemes are simple and inherently distributed, yet capable of matching the optimal throughput performance of centralized scheduling algorithms. The throughput optimality however has been established for activation rules that are relatively sluggish, and may yield excessive queues and delays. More aggressive/persistent access schemes have the potential to improve the delay performance, but it is not clear if they can offer any universal throughput optimality guarantees. In this paper, we identify a limit on the aggressiveness of nodes, beyond which instability is bound to occur in a broad class of networks.


The extracellular matrix accumulates biologically active advanced glycation endproducts such as carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Alikhani et al. recently reported that CML-rich collagen, representing an artifically aged matrix protein, induces apoptosis in vivo and in fibroblasts. This observation may have profound implications for the biology of cell-matrix interactions during aging.


..................................................................................................................ii DECLARATION ............................................................................................................iii DEDICATION................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................x LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................xi ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY..........................................................................xii CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................1 1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................1 1.1 JUSTIFICATION ......................................................................................................2 1.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVE ......................................................................... 4 1.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES........................................................................ 4 1.4 HYPOTHESES ....................................................................................... 4 1.5 THESIS STRUCTURE ............................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................6 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................................6 2.1 BACKGROUND: SMALL DAMS IN ZIMBABWE .................................. 6 2.2 PHYSICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS...................................... 7 Temperature ..............................................................................................................7 pH..............................................................................................................................7 Electrical Conductivity (EC).....................................................................................8 2.3 CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS .................................... 8 Nitrate .......................................................................................................................8 Hardness....................................................................................................................9 Chlorides ...................................................................................................................9 2.4 BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ................................. 9 Faecal Contamination ...............................................................................................9 2.5 DRINKING WATER .............................................................................. 10 2.6 WATER QUALITY PERCEPTIONS...................................................... 11 2.7 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT POLICIES .................................... 11 2.8 NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION....................... 12 2.9 EMERGING ISSUES................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................13


firstname.lastname@example.com EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER CHARACT ERISTICS IN Al 2O3 – WATER BASED NANOFLUIDS OPERATED SHELL AND TUBE H EAT EXCHANGER WITH AIR BUBBLE INJECTION GAURAV THAKUR 1 & GURPREET SINGH 2 M.E Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engin eering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India  ABSTRACT


High triangle density -- the graph property stating that a constant fraction of two-hop paths belong to a triangle -- is a common signature of social networks. This paper studies triangle-dense graphs from a structural perspective. We prove constructively that significant portions of a triangle-dense graph are contained in a disjoint union of dense, radius 2 subgraphs. This result quantifies the extent to which triangle-dense graphs resemble unions of cliques. We also show that our algorithm recovers planted clusterings in approximation-stable k-median instances.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare tumor and difficult to detect early [1, 2]. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a characteristic magnifying endoscopic appearance [3]. However, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus can have atypical endoscopic features. An 84-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) owing to retrosternal discomfort. EGD showed a flat (0-IIb) and slightly reddish lesion of 15×20mm in the middle esophagus (▶Fig. 1 a). The lesion appeared as a brownish area on narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy (▶Fig. 1b, c). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed the lesion primarily involved the mucosal layer of the esophagus with a hypoechoic area (▶Fig. 1d). NBI magnification revealed that the intrapapillary capillary loop pattern appeared to be type B1 (▶Fig. 2, ▶Video 1) based on the magnifying endoscopic classification of the Japan Esophageal Society. But near the anal area of this 2×2-mm lesion, the loop pattern appeared irregular and of the fine reticular (R) type (▶Fig. 2b) (red arrow). The endoscopic diagnosis was ESCC and the depth was mainly T1a-EP or T1a-LPM. Biopsy pathology suggested a high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). This patient was eligible for endoscopic therapy. Therefore, an en bloc resection was performed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (▶Fig. 3 a–f). From the second to eighth tissue strips, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain showed HGIN with focally invasive SCC in the lamina propria (▶Fig. 3g) (blue circle). In the sixth strip, there are epithelioid cells arranged in a cribriform, tubular and solid architecture, which have no relation to the surface squamous epithelium and are restricted to the lamina propria (▶Fig. 4 a–c). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that these abnormally arranged epithelioid cells were positive for P40, SOX-10 and E-Videos


This paper introduces existing technical equipment in Shuo-Huang line,proposes design sphere and main engineering contents of paving continuous welded rail track,and discusses its design and paving,in order to further promote the development of railway career and urban traffic construction in our country.


For mitigating seismic damage of structures during disastrous earthquakes, we have to improve both the procedure for constructing source models for future earthquakes and the method for estimating strong ground motions. The empirical Green's function method (EGFM) is one of the most appropriate methods for estimating strong ground motions near source faults. We constructed the best-fit source models for observed data from the two inland earthquakes, the 2005 West-off Fukuoka earthquake and the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake using the EGFM. We extended the EGFM to ground motion simulation at soft-layers sites, combining it with the nonlinear analysis in soft soil layers. As a result, the calculated motions on the ground surface underlain by soft layers agree reasonably well with the observed ones. It means that the EGFM is one of the most effective methods for predicting the strong ground motions at both soft-soil sites as well as hard-rock sites.


It is more important for people to develop their own mentality by taking ontological course of self-cognition that should be correspondent with the laws of the mind-brain-body of humanity and the laws of society,science,culture,etc.Furthermore,the subjective knowledge is rational concept of personalized knowledge that is a cornerstone for us to reconstruct the core value of human,character,conception,experience,notion and cognitive ability.In contemporary education,there appeared such serious crises and abuses as dislocation of humanistic value coordinate and deviation of cognitive objectives.In order to correct the existing drawbacks of the education,we need to establish people-oriented new concept of subjective knowledge and educational values,methodology and evaluation system.Among them,what are more urgent and need to do pilot work are the construction of the content of subjective knowledge,mechanism of mind and brain,and cognitive operation method.


Hybrid films incorporating high dielectric constant k ceramics (BaTiO3 and TiO2) in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were fabricated from highly stable dispersions of the ceramic nanoparticles in viscous, aqueous DNA solutions. Dielectric and electrical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposite films were investigated for potential use as gate insulators in organic field effect transistors. A k value as high as 14 was achieved with a 40 wt. % loading of ceramic nanoparticles in DNA. Electrical resistivities on the order of 1014 Ω cm with leakage current densities on the order of 10−9 A/cm2 were measured from current-voltage experiments under electric field biases up to 50 V/μm.


In not-so-distant future, hybrid-electric aircraft are expected to enter the market and revolutionise the segment of local and regional flights. Hybrid-electric aircraft, either as a combination of internal combustion engine (ICE) and battery (ICE-hybrid) or fuel-cell hydrogen and battery (fuel-cell hybrid), will contribute to reduction of the negative environmental impact of aviation while reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. Their introduction will require adaptation of airport ground infrastructure as existing airport ground infrastructure is not suited for hybrid aircraft operations i.e. either is non-existing, insufficient, or inappropriate. A feasibility study aiming to assess the technical aspects of the needed ground airport infrastructure for fast charging of ICE-hybrid and refuelling of fuel-cell hydrogen hybrid aircraft is thoroughly explored and presented in this article. Two study cases, within the MAHEPA project were developed to estimate technical requirements for the relatively novel ground infrastructure needs at airports. The first study refers to multiple charging issues of ICE-hybrid aircraft, while the second study refers to refuelling of fuelcell hydrogen hybrid aircraft. Since the charging technology for hybrid electric vehicles is already available in automotive industry and is transferable to aviation industry, initial investment is expected to be lower than the investment for fuel-cell hybrid aircraft. The article thoroughly examines various technical aspects of necessary adaptation of airport infrastructure in order to enable smooth operation of ICE-hybrid and fuel cell hybrid aircraft.


In this paper ,we find invariant solutions and soliton solutions for the nonlinear Euler equations with respect to the unknown functions G(x,y,t) and F(x,y,t). New dimensional reduction and exact solutions for nonlinear Euler equations are obtained. By using group analysis invariant solutions are given with respect to some forms of the unknown functions G(x,y,t) and F(x,y,t) . We use the modified extended tanhfunction to determine the soliton wave solutions for the nonlinear Euler equations . K e y w o r d s : Lie algebra, Group analysis, Invariant solutions , Nonlinear Euler equations , Modified extended tanh-function, Soliton wave solutions.


Objective: The study aimed to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in low birth weight neonates during the first 24 hours of life after birth.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st March 2016 to 31st August 2016 in the NICU and postnatal ward of POF Hospital, Wah Cantt. All the babies with birth weight less than 2.5 kg including preterm and term were included in the study. After the aseptic measure blood, sugar was checked and a value less than 45 mg/dl was labelled as hypoglycemia.
Results: Out of 96 neonates,51 (53%) were male and 45 (47%) were female.  The minimum weight of the patient was 1.6kg and the maximum was 2.40 kg. Hypoglycemia was noted in 49 (51%) babies after 2 hours of birth whereas 36 (37.5%) had hypoglycemia at 4 hours and 13 (13.5 %) had at 24 hours. 68 (70.8%) babies included in the study were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 28 (29.1%) babies were small for gestational age (SGA). After 2 hours of birth, hypoglycemia was present more in SGA babies i.e.20 (71.4%) as compared to AGA babies i.e. 29 (42.6%) which had statistical significance also (p-value 0.01).
Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a well-recognized complication in newborns and low birth weight infants are more susceptible to hypoglycemia. Early identification of vulnerable infants and the use of preemptive measures can result in better outcomes.


Those of us who are non-indigenous usually take it for granted that American Indian nations are subject to the political authority of the United States, even if we have no determinate or fixed account of why this should be true. It may seem obvious to us that Indian nations are "within" the territorial boundaries of the United States, or that they are functionally integrated into American political institutions, or that they have by now consented to their current political status, or something else that leads to a similar conclusion. Often we see no reason to think about the issue in any deep or systematic way. In this essay, which draws in a highly compressed way on my recent book on the subject, 1 I want to call this casual assumption into question.


We have examined printing technology which is adaptable to 3DIC bump-forming for (both front-side bump and back-side bump. The materials for bumping require several features for TSV process circumstances and 3DIC stacking followed by reflow. We chose Nano-Function material for the purpose which was initially developed for power semiconductor attachment. The result shows good possibility. 20μm bump pitch capability was confirmed.


7 Species (Phyllathus virgatus, Bischofia javanica, Mallotus philippensis, M. paxii, Euphorbia maculata, E. kansuensis and E. micrantina) of Euphorbiaceae, which were not recorded in Flora of Henan, are reported. Besides, a revision is also given of the scientific names and taxonomy of some taxons.


Headline: "'Fair Deal' On Airport to Be Sought: Dallas Will Not Use Midway Airport Unless Plan Changed," p. 1, Section 2


This paper describes the preliminary results on the reduction of silver ions with propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and glycerol. Glycerol and propylene glycol can be used for the reduction of silver ions from AgNO 3 . and[Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]OH solutions or Ag 2 O suspensions. Using the ethylene glycol, the reduction of Ag 2 O and [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]OH to silver was successful. However, reduction of silver ions from AgNO 3 to silver metal was not observed with ethylene glycol.


The objective is to compare the therapeutic effect,toxic reaction and effect on immunity of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and aidi injection (AI) with those of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy alone in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.For the study group,in the same time of applying radiotherapy and chemotherapy,50 mL of AI was given intravenously by dissolving in 250 mL of nomal saline per day for 4 successive weeks,while for the control group,only radiotherapy and chemotherapy was given. The total response rate and CR rate were 100%(80/80) and 87.5%( 70/80) in the study group,100%(76/76) and 85.5%(65/76) in the control group respectively,without a significant difference between the two groups,P0.05.However,but the toxic reaction and change of immunity in the study group were both lower than those in the control group with a significance,P0.05.In conclusion,radiotherapy plus chemotherapy supplemented with AI shows apparent effect in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma,it could lower the influence on immumity and toxic reaction of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and improve the quality of life of patients.


This study investigates the relationship between the vocabulary proficiency and vocabulary learning strategies. The data for this study were collected...


In 1993 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis a global public health emergency, the only disease so far to warrant that designation. The declaration galvanized an awareness in the medical community of the magnitude of the global tuberculosis problem. This paper will review the epidemiological data from WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other groups and describe recent research developments.

Based on well-recorded history, WHO has calculated that there has been no significant decrease in the world-wide mortality due to tuberculosis since before the time of Koch in 1882, and that the advent of sanatoria and chemotherapy, which drastically reduced tuberculosis in the more developed countries, had no profound effect on the global problem [1,2]. The tuberculosis problem in India alone has not changed since its independence in the late 1940s. Then and now, about 13 million people, i.e., 1.5% of the total population, suffer from active pulmonary tuberculosis and, of these, about 6 million are sputum-positive and therefore highly infectious [3].

Some of the well-known truisms about tuberculosis are that the disease is emerging, reemerging, recalcitrant and resistant to treatment in many global areas; responsible for more human deaths than any other single infectious agent — 26% of all preventable deaths, 7% of all deaths [4]; and inherently resistant to many common antibiotics, such as the β-lactams, due to inherent β-lactamases and its peculiar mycolic acid-containing cell wall barrier [5].

Epidemiologists have estimated, based on tuberculin skin test reactivity, that about one-third of the world's population, i.e., about 1.7 billion people, are infected with M. tuberculosis [4]. They also calculated that each year, 8–10 million new cases of tuberculosis occur, i.e., an estimated 90 million cases over this decade, and almost 3 million people die from tuberculosis …


Strain SMR-CT, which was originally isolated from rats as the SMR strain, had been named 'cilia-associated respiratory bacillus' ('CAR bacillus'). 'CAR bacillus' was a Gram-stain-negative, filamentous argentophilic bacterium without flagella. SMR-CT grew at 37 °C under microaerobic conditions, showed gliding activity, hydrolysed urea and induced chronic respiratory diseases in rodents. The dominant cellular fatty acids detected were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed SMR-CT and other strains of 'CAR bacillus' isolated from rodents all belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. The nearest known type strain, with 86 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, was Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588T in the family Chitinophagaceae. Strain SMR-CT and closely related strains of 'CAR bacillus' rodent-isolates formed a novel family-level clade in the phylum Bacteroidetes with high bootstrap support (98-100 %). Based on these results, we propose a novel family, Filobacteriaceae fam. nov., in the order Sphingobacteriales as well as a novel genus and species, Filobacterium rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov., for strain SMR-CT. The type strain is SMR-CT ( = JCM 19453T = DSM 100392T).


The November, 19, 2003 speech given by George W. Bush at Whitehall Palace in Great Britain was one of the most significant in the President's political career. Mr. Bush attempts, in the speech, to reinforce his proponents as well as negate the arguments of his skeptics. This work illustrates, through NeoAristotelian rhetorical criticism how the President met the rhetorical situation, how he utilized language and rhetorical devices, and critiques the means of persuasion utilized by Mr. Bush. Introduction Richard Nuestadt (1969) eloquently argued that, "Presidential power is the power to persuade." The beginning of the 21st century finds President George W. Bush in the unenviable of persuading not only the citizens of the United States, but the peoples of the world that the US incursion into Iraq was not only justified, but that it would bring about a new democratic Middle Eastern State. On November 19, 2003 President Bush strode into Whitehall Palace to speak to a group of Brits, hand selected for their support. However, this speech, ghost written after consultation with the president by speechwriter Mike Gerson, was meant to be heard by far more than the few hundred in the audience. It was, after all, a justification of an Anglo-American alliance that is the foundation of the war against terror. A few lines into the speech Mr. Bush invoked the presence of an Almighty God when he stated: It's rightly said that Americans are a religious people. That's, in part, because the "Good News" was translated by Tyndale, preached by Wesley, lived out in the example William Booth. At times, Americans are even said to have a puritan streak—where might that have come from? (the audience laughs) (Remarks by the President at Whitehall Palace) It may seem strange to listeners that a sitting US President invoked the ghost of William Tyndale, the 16th century translator of the Christian Bible, yet in retrospect perhaps not. Bush's speech was much more than a defense of the war on terrorism. It was justification for a British-American crusade that, he argues, is indispensable to the security and freedom the planet. Since 9-11, Britain has maintained a staunch kinship to her American cousin. Obviously, both countries share a common political and economic birthright that political that insists that sovereignty depends on pseudodecentralized power that trickles up. Further, both 36 Speaker & Gavel 2005 Speaker and Gavel, Vol 42 (2005) www.dsr-tka.org/ nations are bound by commercial interests that most often determine political stances in both states. Calvin Coolidge's argument that the "business of government is business," holds true in the new millennium. Further, the advent of enlightenment and freedom that was born in the Magna Carta facilitates a distinctive worldview that is shared by both nations. Mr. Bush's speech develops three distinct reasons (the three pillars) that the war in Iraq is justified. First, he argues that history illustrates that there are instances when a nation must use military options in order to defend herself, keep peace, and uphold democratic principles. He goes on to portray that nations must recognize when the use of force is necessary and that diplomacy may not always work. President Bush's second pillar is that the US must continue to follow its traditions of long support for international institutions and that he is committed to that path. Finally, the third pillar is the commitment to spreading democracy (and free markets) throughout the world and to disavow the belief shown by some that the Islamic peoples in the Middle East are somehow not ready or capable of instituting democracy. This essay critiques the Whitehall Palace speech delivered by President Bush to the English and American peoples. The paper will begin by developing an overview of the rhetorical situation; discuss the language and rhetorical devices used in the speech, and compare the means of persuasion used by the speaker with the inventory provided by Aristotle's Rhetoric (antiquity, 1991). The Rhetorical Situation Lloyd F. Bitzer suggests that the construct of rhetorical situation is founded on the understanding in which something happens or does not happen, thus causing the rhetor to speak out. This is coined the exigency of a speech (Bitzer, 1968). Bitzer bases his argument on the concept that the ancient Greeks gave special attention to timing--the "when" of the rhetorical situation. They called this kairos, and it identifies the combination of the "right" moment to speak and the "right" way (or proportion) to speak. President Bush had planned to present his speech to a joint session of Commons and Lords following the precedent set by his counterpart, Tony Blair, when he spoke to the US Congress. Indeed, senior White House adviser Dr. Harlan Ullman said: "They would have loved to do it because it would have been a great photo-opportunity" (Roberts, 2003). However, in the end, the Bush team abandoned the idea because they feared backbenchers in the Labour party would walk out, embarrassing the president. Instead the only speech presented by Mr. Bush on November 2003 trip to London was given to an "invited audience" at the Banquet Parlor in Whitehall Palace. Aboard Air Force One, en route to London, a senior Bush official explained why Bush needed to go to England and speak out at this time. The official explained that while the administration acknowledged that the US and Europe disagreed, they still "are involved in – in Afghanistan, in Iraq, toward a greater Middle East in which we find partners in the Middle East who want to develop democratically -this is a great cause around which he believes that we can all unite" (Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State). 1 Robertson: Winning the Peace: The "Three Pillars" of George Bush at Whitehal Published by Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2005 Speaker & Gavel 2005 37 Speaker and Gavel, Vol 42 (2005) www.dsr-tka.org/ President George W. Bush visited London as a guest of the British government, and was the first since Woodrow Wilson in 1918 to be invited on a State Visit. The visit had large symbolic significance, as well as being a critical meeting for both President Bush and Prime Minister Tony Blair. The visit was also made to solidify the Anglo-American nexus, which is of primary importance to both countries. Further goals of President Bush's state visit were to strengthen U.S.-British cooperation in the war against terrorism and provide reassurances to mainland Europe regarding NATO (Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State). Another group associated with rhetorical situation was the protesters who took to the street to demonstrate against the Bush visit. An estimated 100,000 protesters marched through London eventually tearing down a mock statue of the visiting President. Many of the protesters were convinced his policies were to blame for the war. The British and American Secret Services were efficient in keeping the protesters and Bush apart. Further, as will be discussed later, Mr. Bush is quite successful in rhetorically disempowering the protestors during his Whitehall address. Language and Rhetorical Devices No animal but man ever laughs (antiquity, Aristotle, 1991) President Bush begins the Whitehall three pillars speech with dark humor. He quips: It was pointed out to me that the last noted American to visit London stayed in a glass box dangling over the Thames. A few might have been happy to provide similar arrangements for me. I thank Her Majesty the Queen for interceding. We're honored to be staying at her house. (Remarks by the President at Whitehall Palace) Bush was referring to the illusionist David Blaine who, in, his latest stunt, encased himself in a plastic box over the River Thames. He spent 44 days suspended beside the London river. One general paradigm for humorous reduction to absurdity is that one may believe something, but when considering a type humorous statement, it will contradict or make one's value or belief unintelligible. In other words no one is going to treat the head of state in such a manner. The juxtaposition of Blaine and Bush is an effective rhetorical device. Thus, Bush further strengthens the bond with his listeners, by using it. The commonality that humor brings between Bush and his listeners is extended as is the commonality between the British and the United States. Bush continues his humorous introduction by bantering: Americans traveling to England always observe more similarities to our country than differences. I've been here only a short time, but I've noticed that the tradition of free speech -exercised with enthusiasm -(laughter) -is alive and well here in London. We have that at home, too. They now have 38 Speaker & Gavel 2005 Speaker and Gavel, Vol 42 (2005) www.dsr-tka.org/ that right in Baghdad, as well. (Remarks by the President at Whitehall Palace) The verbal irony in Bush's statement "exercised with enthusiasm" is a wink and a nod toward the audience. Indeed, let the demonstrators protest, Bush is saying. It is people like us (Bush, his fellow, neo-cons, and Blair supporters) who protect that right for them, just as we have given the right of free speech and assembly to the Iraqis in Baghdad. Common Ground If rhetoric is to be valuable, if it is to motivate or lead to mutual understanding, it is necessary for the rhetor and audience to share some common ground. Rhetorical sensitivity is the "tendency to adapt messages to audiences" (Littlejohn, 1996, p. 107). This idea has its foundation in Aristotle's notion of the enthymeme (Aristotle, trans. 1991). Aristotle suggests that in order to be an effective communicator a speech must share common ground between communicator and audience. The speech will lose its sway unless rhetors find parallels between themselves and the audience. The language used by Bush is inclusive between as it finds


According to V. Pless et al. (1997, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A78, 32?50) all Z4 codes of type II and length 16 are known. In this note we relate the five optimal codes to the octacode. We also construct an optimal quaternary iso-dual [14, 7, 8] code which was not known previously.


Liveweight prices are expected to average near $48 for 2007. This is slightly higher than the $47.30 of 2006. The big change, however, is cost of production. In 2006, estimated cost for farrow-to-finish operations was about $40.40 and this year it is $47.50. This means the year is expected to be near breakeven for hog producers with almost all the change in producers= bottom lines related to higher feed costs.


This study aims to help schools namely SDIT Baitul Izzah (Baiz) Nganjuk Regency to solve human resource problems by using USG matrix analysis techniques. This research uses a qualitative research approach by conducting field studies directly observing the field, interviewing the principal as a resource person, and conducting documentation studies relating to the recruitment process of new teachers. The results of this study found: (1) the problem of human resources in schools about the prospective teachers recruited lacking the ability to study, (2) USG matrix analysis techniques used to analyze human resource problems in schools, (3) suggestions and solutions to schools to solve the problem of human resources about prospective teachers recruited lacking the competence to read through the results of problem analysis using USG matrix techniques.


In the present work a mixing-reaction model is developed to describe the influence of the space- and time-dependent concentration of the leaving group on the pre-equilibria of the reactants and thus on the product distribution of mixing-disguised reactions. The modelling is carried out using a typical example of such reactions, namely azo coupling, where the leaving group is a proton. For this reaction, the existence of characteristic sets of parameters is established, for which the product distribution does not depend on the initial pH-value. These sets of parameters define the isoselectivity points.


A Markovian reinforcement learning task can be dealt with by learning a direct mapping from states to actions or values, or from state-action pairs to values. However, this may involve a difficult pattern recognition problem when the state space is large. This paper shows that using internal state, called "supportive state", may alleviate this problem presenting an argument against the tendency to almost automatically use a direct mapping when the task is Markovian. This point is demonstrated in simulation experiments of an agent controlled by a neural network capable of learning the strategy of direct mapping as well as internal state, combining Q(/spl lambda/) learning and recurrent neural networks in a new way. The trade-off between the two strategies is investigated in more detail, focusing particularly on border cases.


Abstract The structural arrangement of the iron-sulfur centers in the non-heme iron-sulfur proteins has been the subject of extensive physical investigations.1–4 Particular emphasis has been placed on the "ferredoxins" which have seven or eight iron atoms and eight or more sulfur atoms per protein unit. Several workers5–7 have proposed that the iron-sulfur cluster compounds of composition [Fe4S4L4] n- , where L=S2C2(CF3)2, may be useful model systems for the ferrodoxins. We report here a brief description of the structural parameters for the Fe4S4L4 −2 cluster and the Mossbauer data for the three derivatives, n=0, 1, 2. The data are compared with that reported for inorganic cluster systems of known structure and with the available data on non-heme iron-sulfur proteins.


This paper presents a tunable bandpass filter with a reconfigurable filter order. The proposed filter consists of an array of tunable resonators with variable inter-resonator coupling structures between adjacent cavities. This allows the frequency selectivity of the filter to be adjusted for the given spectral environment without any geometrical modifications to the filter structure. To demonstrate the concept a 2 − 2 resonator array is fabricated using substrate integrated evanescent-mode cavity resonators at 3.2 GHz. Each resonator has an adjustable frequency response and can be tuned from 2.77 to 3.55 GHz. The filter has two separate signal paths, either through two or four resonators. The reconfigurable inter-resonator coupling is implemented with floating vias inside a coupling iris. The vias are connected using variable capacitors and can be included or excluded from the iris by adjusting the capacitance. This structure shows the potential for the inclusion of reconfigurable-order filters in future agile radio systems.


The application of electromechanical mass storage devices to computers is rapidly increasing in importance. Mass storage units are being assigned key general systems functions and are basic to many developing applications such as time sharing, communication, and on-line processing. In this paper, the characteristics of typically available hardware in the drum, disk-file, and tape-strip categories are discussed. Next, the most important applications of mass storage devices are reviewed. The special considerations in the design of computer systems which use mass storage are outlined. Commonly used and certain important proposed techniques of file organization and processing are then described. The paper concludes with a discussion of the technology used, some aspects of control unit design, and future possibilities in both hardware and software. Major challenges to designers of future hardware are identified as reduction of the cost per bit of removable media, economical devices with storage capacities larger than 109bits, and a solution to the dilemma of increasing access time with increasing storage capacity.


The k-harmonic means method is a method of using the cluster center point value, which is to determine each cluster from its center point based on the calculation of the harmonic average. The k-harmonic means determines the existence of each data point based on the membership function and weighting function by using a distance measure. in the clustering, which aims to increase the importance of data that is far from each central point. This causes the k-harmonic means to be insensitive in initialization in determining the cluster center point and significantly improves the quality of clustering compared to k-means. In determining the level of similarity, the determination of the level of similarity uses the distance measure and the distance measure used is the Euclidean distance measure. The distance measure used in cluster analysis can affect the cluster results obtained. Thus, to determine the quality of the results of the cluster analysis, validation tests were carried out using an internal criteria approach, namely silhouette coefficient. In this study, the k-harmonic means used to classify provinces in Indonesia based on the causes of stunting in 2018. The stunting in children under five in Indonesia has exceeded the limit set by WHO. In 2016-2017 there was an increase in the prevalence of stunting by 27.5% to 29.6%. The k-harmonic means method is used so that the four main factors causing stunting in every province in Indonesia can be seen and the prevention and cure of stunting can run optimally. This method is also used because the data on the four factors that cause stunting show a significant rate of change and as a measure of central tendency in 34 provincial objects in Indonesia. Four factors that cause stunting are used, namely the percentage of households that do not have access to clean drinking water, the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding, the percentage of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) 2,500-grams born safely and the percentage of households that do not have proper sanitation facilities. The results obtained by the cluster which is optimal at k= 3 using the Euclidean, where the silhouette coefficient = 0,3040722675 ≈ 0,3. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, it is known that in cluster one, the main factor that stands out the most is the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding. In cluster two, the main factor that stands out the most is the percentage of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) 2,500-grams born safely. In cluster three, the most prominent main factors are the percentage of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) 2,500-grams born safely and the percentage of households that do not have proper sanitation facilities with the highest average centroid among other clusters. Keywords: Clustering, K-Harmonic Means, Euclidean distance, Silhouette Coefficient, Stunting


• Design an FEM model of an LED luminaire, physics, and constraints, which represent the thermal process and the lighting process. • Design and build a prototype and test different setups (cooling structures and optical accessories). • Compare simulation results with the results of experimental tests to validate the model. • Use evolutionary algorithms to optimize the luminaire geometry, material, and layout.


Abstract The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the disclosure level of operational performance and second; to examine whether firm and industry characteristics matter in the disclosure of corporate information. The study uses data from twenty-one companies listed at the Dar Es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) for the financial year 2020/2021 and applies the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework. Data are collected from companies' websites by using content analysis approach. Moreover, the study uses disclosure index to determine the disclosure level of operational performance and presents the results using tables. The research reveals that there is high disclosure level of operational performance information at DSE. The study also finds that industry profile, listing-age and cross-listing matter on the disclosure of operational performance. The findings highlight that information related to customers and innovations are least disclosed this may be due to confidentiality and competitive advantage issues. Meanwhile, internal business process is highly disclosed in order to showcase strength to stakeholders. This study has used small sample size thus, future research may increase the sample size to include companies listed at other stock markets in order to increase diversity and get more insight on the operational performance and BSC framework in general. The findings are relevant to policy makers and regulatory bodies. The study contributes to the literature on the disclosure of operational performance information in an emerging capital market setting.


Over the past decade, digital video has developed from an expensive, rather clumsy medium, to a cheaper, user-friendly medium with many capabilities that facilitate learner control. This development has given rise to a host of new applications in education, including the ability of students to capture, edit and generate their own video; a process supported and made viable by the development of clear and easy-to-use video-editing software. As a result, student-generated digital video is now being used in classrooms to support, extend, or change, pedagogy and curriculum outcomes. The project on which this paper is based studied the use of digital video in five schools, to study the ways in which pedagogy was enhanced by this use. One area we examined was how digital video developed authentic learning, and what in fact, this meant. This paper examines teacher and student beliefs about the perceived 'authentic nature' of student-generated digital video tasks and will present sample uses that develop understanding of authentic learning.


This disclosure provides nano-scale Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC), which deliver stimulatory signals to lymphocytes, including cytotoxic lymphocytes, for use as a powerful tool for immunotherapy.


With the exponential growth of information communication technology (ICT), cybercrimes have grown equally, culminating in investigation, solving such crimes and prosecuting the criminals. This article presents a proposal for the education, training and certified qualification of Brazilian police officers in order to prepare them so that they can be as knowledgeable, reliable, efficient and effective as possible. The proposal presents two types of training and qualification: the first, police officers whose primary focus is not cybercrime per se, but who as first responders are likely to encounter ICT activities as part of their work in fighting cybercrime; and the second, police officers who are involved in cybercrime investigations but expected to be classified as specialists. The proposal places strong emphasis on practical hands-on exercises, crime-scene hypothetical laboratories scenarios, actual and mock case studies and workshops to highly skilled Brazilian police officers as world class investigators. To meet this target, the proposal includes an outline of the proposed syllabus and laboratory practical sessions for each level of training to evolve specialist investigators.


In January 2023, the derogation loophole was closed on "emergency authorisations" for the use of three out of five neonicotinoids in all EU states. In this study, we analysed the sorption/desorption behaviour and kinetic parameters of acetamiprid and thiacloprid, the two neonicotinoids that are still approved for use, either regularly or under emergency authorisations in the EU, and widely used worldwide. Sorption and desorption curves in four soils with different organic matter content were analysed using four kinetic models, namely, Lagergren's pseudo first-order model, two-site model (TSM), Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model and Elovich's model. Kinetic parameters were correlated to soil physico-chemical characteristics. To determine the mutual influence of soil characteristics and sorption/desorption parameters in the analysed soils, a factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Even though the two insecticides are very similar in size and chemical structure, the results showed different sorption/desorption kinetics. The model that best fits the experimental data was TSM. Thiacloprid showed a more rapid sorption compared to acetamiprid, and, in all soils, a higher proportion sorbed at equilibrium. Intra-particle diffusion seemed to be a relevant process in acetamiprid sorption, but not for thiacloprid. Desorption results showed that acetamiprid is more easily and more thoroughly desorbed than thiacloprid, in all soils. The kinetic behaviour differences stem from variations in molecular structure, causing disparate water solubility, lipophilicity, and acid–base properties.


The need for state-of-the-art electronics for dataacquisition and the processing of BPM signals in Injector and/or Booster Synchrotrons is being addressed in a development that aims to make such systems available with less complexity while fulfilling precisely the needs of such specific BPMs. The ESRF Booster Synchrotron uses 75 BPMs in its 300 m circumference to measure the orbit along its acceleration cycle of 50 milliseconds for the electron beam from 0.2 to 6 GeV. The 25-year-old electronics of these BPMs are in need of replacement. While BPM electronics developments in recent years have focused on devices for Storage Rings that face extreme requirements such as sub-micron drift with time, beam intensity, etc. that result in complicated implementation schemes, this new development combines both simplification in the measurement concept and the implementation of new features such as compact design that integrates RF electronics with power-over-Ethernet supply and passive cooling, a powerful System-on-Chip engine and easy communication via SCPI commands. This paper will present the full design concept and its intended functionalities as a BPM device that should offer an excellent price/performance ratio. MOTIVATION FOR DEVELOPMENT The electronics for BPMs have in the past focused on storage rings and their requirements. The stability in the storage rings should be as good as it can be. The key component is therefore precise measurement of the beam position at fast rates. This is addressed by high resolution and high data-throughput instrumentation – typical submicron resolution @ 10 kHz data output. For boosters, such performances are not needed; the complexity of design can therefore be reduced. The beam position measurement for boosters is in the tens of microns or even millimetre ranges. Active feed-back control of the beam position in the booster is not required as the stabilization of the beam in terms of lateral coordinates is not crucial. On-demand information about the beam position is sufficient for the operator. Based on this, development was initiated to optimize the functionality of the instrument to the booster application needs in terms of performance and including features such as digital-down-conversion (DDC) having the mean average filtering (MAF) functionality to optimize measurements at different fill patterns of the The goal of the project is to provide an instrument that supports: • micro-meter beam position resolution to cover the acceleration cycle • beam position data available on demand • no maintenance instrument • rapid adaptation to a different machine A detailed description of the ESRF's booster BPM pick-ups and setup is available in [1].


The drying process of distribution transformers in the manufacturing process is traditionally made by indirect heating of the windings of the transformer within an oven. This drying method causes low efficiency, high drying time, and associated lower quality for voltage isolation than the new method implemented by the authors and presented in this paper. The heating process has become a direct heating process, supplying the transformer in manufacturing with a low-frequency inverter and nominal power losses. The direct heating method requires a framework involving a control system for the heating current and winding temperature, handling highly nonlinear regimens in the output range of high temperature. Static operation points of temperature cause a drop of transformer input power down to 1% of the nominal power. The mean winding temperature is measured and controlled during all the process. This paper shows the design, implementation and results with a high performance controller for this process. >


edited by Siegmar Dopp and Wilhelm Geerlings, offers the kind of factual information about a vast number of persons and writings which is invaluable to students and others who are not patristic experts but need to look it up. The period covered extends to John of Damascus (died before 754) and Isadore of Seville (died 636). The editors state that articles on individual authors do not focus on their theological writings, although the teaching of the


This paper presents a new method to improve the efficiency and torque characteristics of a single-phase induction motor. By using this method, the efficiency and starting torque of the motor are increased. The starting capacitor and the centrifugal switch can be eliminated here. Only a running capacitor is used. A prototype system which consists of some simple hardware circuits and a TMS320C40 digital signal processor system has been implemented. Several experimental results can validate the simulated waveforms. This paper proposes a new direction in improving the performance of the single phase induction motor system.


Histori Artikel : Tgl. Masuk : Tgl. Diterima : Tersedia Online : The objective of this study is to investigate whether ownership structure and corporate governance affecting the efficiency of investment of listed non-financial firms in Indonesia. Ownership concentration, managerial ownership, management stock option, and mutual funds ownership used as independent variables in this study. Meanwhile, the dependent variable in the research is investment efficiency. Regression analysis is used as a method in analyzing secondary data obtained by using purposive sampling method. Secondary data used in research sourced from the financial statements and annual reports of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The result of this research indicates that ownership concentration does not have a significant influence towards investment efficiency. This result also shows that each of managerial ownership and management stock options positively influence investment efficiency. Furthermore, mutual funds' ownership is proven that positively influence the investment efficiency


Trapped-ion (TI) quantum computer is one of the forerunner quantum technologies. Execution of a quantum gate in multiple trap TI system may frequently involve ions from two different traps, hence one of the ions needs to be shuttled (moved) between traps to be co-located, degrading fidelity, and increasing the program execution time. The choice of initial mapping influences the number of shuttles. The existing Greedy policy neglects the depth of the program at which a gate is present. Intuitively, the contribution of the late-stage gates to the initial mapping is less since the ions might have already shuttled to a different trap to satisfy other gate operations. In this paper, we target this gap and propose a new program adaptive policy especially for programs with considerable depth and high number of qubits (valid for practical-scale quantum programs). Our technique achieves an average reduction of 9% shuttles/program (with 21.3% at best) for 120 random circuits and enhances the program fidelity up to 3.3X (1.41X on average).


The purpose of this study is to examine Korean higher education under the United States Military Government (1945-1948). In order to review this study, the author uses a descriptive analysis methodology. In addition, to research the study systematically, this paper first of all outlines the historic and political context of post-World War II in Korea. Next, the author examines transformations in Korea's higher education system under the rule of the U.S. Military Government, with a particular focus on educational systems and administration. Finally, implications for the educational administration in Korean higher education are described in terms of organizational structure and culture. This article says: as far as the U.S. Military Government's impact on Korean higher education is concerned, the positive effects of the U.S. military presence in Korea are greater than the negative. Overall, the U.S. Military Government brought about marked improvements in contemporary Korean higher education, by introducing American educational philosophy, administration, and culture.


Uncooled micro-bolometer of 17 μm pitch has been successfully applied to the micro-scale thermal analysis with a newly designed optics, the emissivity corrected procedure, and the quasi-acceleration of time frame method. The spatial resolution of 11 μm in a good balance of MTF and N.A. has been achieved for the optics of VOx FPA. It enables to visualize the exothermic latent heat of freezing biological cells at a minus temperature. The emissivity corrected microscale thermal imaging using a real time direct impose-signal system is presented both with VOx and InSb FPA.


Relative pi8nt abund8nce, anopy cover, 8nd aerial biomrss of shrubs on a poor condition, fi8twoods range in south Florid8 were me8sured before, 1, md 3 yr 8fter II singie p8ss of 8 roller chopper or web plow when soils were dry (M8y 1981) 8nd when soils were srrtur8ted (September 1981). Aeri8i biomrurs of herb8ceoun species wm measured 8t the post-tre8tment sunpie d8tes. Abundance of s8w-palmetto (Screnoa repem (Bartr.) Smaii) plants, the dominant shrub, was reduced 70% by web plowing comp8red to 25% by roller chopping. Reductions of scow-p8hnetto ernopy cover 8nd aerirl biomass 8iso were gre8ter on web-plowed th8n on roller-chopped plots. Runner o8k (Quercus minima (sug.) Snmii) was the only other shrub which h8d more th8n 5% anopy cover before treatment. Both types of mech8nic8i treatments controlled runner o8k by 8pproxinuteiy 50% However, responses of runner 08k abundmce, canopy cover, and 8eri8i bionmss were not significantly diff-ent between roller chop 8nd web plow treatments.


Huang river valley is base of agriculture and industry,water source in Huang river basin play important role in agriculture and industry and urban domestic water consumption,the protection on water source is directly related to the sustainable development of economic soceity,the status of water source in valley were analyzed,the protection countermeasures were put forward.


A new single beam overwrite method for a phase-change optical disk is proposed to obtain both high carrier to noise ratio (CNR) and high overwrite erasing ratio. Contrary to ordinary method is, both writing and erasing process are controlled over the melting point of a phase-change recording film. To realize new overwriting method, we discuss desired thermal characteristics of a disk and crystallization properties of recording film theoretically. Necessary conditions to realize this method are (1) optical disks must have high thermal conductivity to control cooling rate, (2) recording material may have adequate crystallizing tine within dynamic range of disk's cooling rate. Examination on this method was carried out by using newly developed In-Sb-Te phase-change optical disk. CNR higher than 50dB and erasing ratio higher than 40dB were obtained.


The invention relates to a method for the high temperature processing of metal material under a composite magnetic field. In the solidification process of the metal material, a pulsed magnetic field and a superconducting magnetic field which are coaxial in the same direction are applied to a metal bath, to control the grain size and the crystal orientation. A device applied by the method of the invention comprises a heating furnace body (2), a pulsed magnet (3), a superconducting magnet (4), a water cooling jacket (5), a heating control system (11), a pulsed magnet power (12), a superconducting magnet power (13), and a circulating cold water equipment (14). The central axle lines of the heating furnace body (2), the pulsed magnet (3), and the superconducting magnet (4) are coincident; the heating furnace body (2), the pulsed magnet (3), and the superconducting magnet (4) are nested layer by layers from inside to outside. The invention can perform the comprehensive optimal control to the organizational structure of the material, while the superconducting magnetic field optimizes the crystal orientation, the composite magnetic field also plays the function of strengthening the grain refinement; the two magnetic field technical methods of the prior pulsed magnetic field processing and the strong magnetic field processing are integrated into a whole, thereby simplifying the process flow, and reducing the energy consumption.


Deformation of a droplet passing through a contraction and expansion at intermediate to large Reynolds number is predicted numerically and compared with experimental observations. The effects of fluid properties, contraction geometry and flow behaviour is considered. The experiments were performed for silicon oil droplets in water moving through a contraction. Orifice and droplet diameter were of the order of millimetres. Contraction length and flow rate were varied, while the contraction ratio was kept constant (1:4). The droplets are stretched by the contraction, after which oscillations are observed on the interface. Observation of the systems indicated that a disintegration zone exists for droplets above a critical size. Numerical simulations were carried out using an axisymmetric Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) code. Simulations were carried out to match the experimental conditions as well as for a few different Reynolds and Weber numbers. Results showed qualitative agreement with experiments. The predictions indicate that vortices within the contraction are responsible for the capillary-like waves on the stretched droplet.© 2002 ASME


Objective To assess the clinical application value of intravenous catheter in monitoring blood supply of deep free flap graft.Methods 26 cases of tissue defects which were reconstructed by free radical fibular osteocutaneous flap,iliac osteomusculocutaneous flap,forearm flaps,the age from 22 to 70,were treated with intravenous catheter from distal vein of deep free flap by which intravenous drip dextran-40 were given,average 20 milliliter each hour and last 7 days.The patients were given narceine 30mg,intramuscular injection every 8 hour anticoagulation and vasodilator therapy by routine.Results Distal intravenous catheter of 25 cases kept fluent,and intravenous catheter of 1 case appeared slow,became normal after repeated infusion of dilute heparin saline.26 cases'deep free flaps were all survived without occurring vascular crisis.Conclusion Application of intravenous catheter in deep free flap graft can monitor blood supply of free flap continuously,prevent venous thrombosis effectively and improve flap survival.


AIM: To study the expression of E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human colorectal carcinoma, and to explore the role of Ets-1 in the angiogenesis and metastasis of carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of Ets-1, MMP-1 and VEGF were detected in colorectal carcinoma (n=61) and normal colon tissues (n=21) by the immunohistochemical method respectively. RESULTS: Ets-1, MMP-1 and VEGF were negatively expressed in all normal mucosal tissues. The positive rates of Ets-1, MMP-1 and VEGF expression were 75.4%, 78.7% and 82.0% in colorectal carcinoma respectively. No significant correlation was found between their positive rates and tumor's size as well as the differentiation (P>0.05). The expression of Ets-1, MMP-1 and VEGF were significantly correlated with Duke's staging (χ^2=10.718, P<0.01; χ^2=8.323, P<0.01; χ^2=6.145, P<0.05), the depth of invasion (χ^2=7.705, P<0.01; χ^2=19.101, P<0.01; χ^2=14.707, P<0.01), lymphatic invasion (χ^2=9.333, P<0.01; χ^2=3.965, P<0.05; χ^2=4.638, P<0.05) and distant metastasis (χ^2=5.472, P<0.05; χ^2=4.125, P<0.05; χ^2=5.034, P<0.05). Ets-1 expression was positively associated with MMP-1 and VEGF level (r=0.447, P<0.01; r=0.425, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ets-1 was over-expressed in colorectal carcinoma, and its expression was related to clinical staging, invasion and metastasis. Ets-1 expression was also positively related to MMP-1 and VEGF level. Their expression can become referential indexes to predict the malignant behavior of colorectal carcinoma.


Carbazole derivatives possess valuable therapeutic properties. In some cases they are able to potentiate the analgesic effect of, for example, morphine, without substantially influencing the blood pressure and the vegetative nervous system (Chemische Fabrik Promonla GmbH, 1959). N-alkylation is an important process for the construction of carbazole derivatives (Duan et al., 2004). The structure of the title compound, C21H19N, 9-(4-ethylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole, (I), is reported here; it was synthesized by N-alkylation of carbazole with 1(chloromethyl)-4-ethylbenzene.


Ethiopian–Egyptian relations have seen remarkable tension since Ethiopia began the Renaissance Dam construction in 2011, and tensions have since escalated when Ethiopia announced the filling stage. While Ethiopia defends its project due to its economic importance, Egypt fears its negative effects. The paper discusses the hydro-political differences between the Nile Basin countries, particularly Egypt and Ethiopia, regarding the issue of water sharing and the means of settling it. It also discusses the consequent diplomatic problems and changes in the balance of power in Africa with the rise of Ethiopia as a regional power. The paper has found that the worsening of the Nile Basin situation is a result of the persistence of the conflicting parties and their adherence to their positions with no willingness to make concessions. Given the lack of a comprehensive legal agreement to regulate the exploitation and sharing of Nile water, the only way to put an end to this conflict is through cooperation between all basin countries.


A previous report described significant differences between males and females in the shape of the tongue during the production of vowels (Vick et al., 2014). The purpose of the present study was to understand the influence of palate morphology on these measured differences in tongue shape. This study examined tongue movements in consonant-vowel-consonant sequences drawn from words in phrases as produced by 32 participants, including 12 adults (6m, 6f) and 20 children (2m and 2f at each age of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 years). Movements of four points on the tongue were tracked at 100 Hz using the Wave Electromagnetic Speech Research System (NDI, Waterloo, ON, CA). Palate curvature measures were derived from a hard palate trace made with a 6dof probe sensor. The phrases produced included the vowels /i/, /I/, /ae/, and /u/ in words (i.e., "see," sit," cat," and "zoo"). The horizontal curvature of the tongue was calculated at the trajectory speed minimum associated with the vowel production using a least-squares...


It is significant to identify the running-states by obtaining and analyzing the vibration signals to avoid the faults. In this paper, the state recognition system is built based on the feature extraction with Varying Scale (VS) theory and Hidden Semi-Markov model (HSMM) with the example of bushing abrasion on diesel engine. The veracity of state identification can be improved effectively by banding them together. According to experiment and simulation researches, it indicates that the veracity of identification is 97.5% in the 120 test samples after training with 80 training samples. It is satisfied for the demand to the engineering domain and it can be applied for vibration analysis for other complex machineries.


Much of the history of the architecture of the twentieth century is bound up with the development and evolution of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete. Ever since 1878 when Monier patented the first reinforced concrete beam, this new material has been at the centre of world-wide technical and scientific investigation. In 1928 Freyssinet outlined the discovery of a different technique which used tensioned steel within the concrete and thereby introduced pre-stressed concrete.


It is difficult to be certain wh en the term "conduction"
was first applied to the transfer of atrial
activation to the ventricles .' In 1894, Engelmann
used the word "Leitung", which can be translated as
"connection" or as "conduction" .2 In 1906, Tawara
described the atrioventricular node, which he termed
"Das Reizleitungssystem des Herzens ".' The
mechanism of atrioventricular transmission continued
to be a subject of considerable debate.4.9 There is
a summary of the various mechanisms that were
thought to explain atrioventricular transmission in
Scherf and Cohen's book on the atrioventricular
node.'o Primarily through the work of Hoffman and
Cranefield and their associates,"12 and to a les ser
extent others,13 14 it became generally accepted that
atrial excitation was slowly "conducted" through the
atrioventricular node to the His-Purkinje system and
the ventricular myocardium. Hoffman and Cranefield stated that "the excitable
cell . . . possesses the same electrical properties as a
telegraph cabie" . 15 Because the "connecting" tissue
between the atria and the ventric1es was regarded as a
series of excitable cells, it followed that the atrioventricular
junction was a conduction system. None the
less, studies of the complicated structure of the
mammalian atrioventricular junction,14 and the time
relation between recorded action potentials from
exposed rabbit atrioventricular nodel6 17 have not as
yet yielded sufficient data to construct a model of the
spatial excitation of the atrioventricular node that is
analogous to that of the canine and human ventric1es
.18 19 The atrioventricular node cannot be mapped
with the preciseness required to document the
sequence of excitation through this part of the
specialised conduction system. Although it seems
logical to assume conduction through the atrioventricular
node, this claim remains open to question
and conjecture. Moreover, some observations20 sugge
st that the traditional concept of the atrioventricular
junction as a passive cable with varying
electrical properties warrants further examination.


Subjects infected with the adult worms of Oesophagostomum bifiircum, diagnosed through the semiquantitative detection of characteristic third stage larvae, were treated in the middle of the dry or in the middle of the rainy season with either of two dosages of albendazole. A third group was not treated. The pattern of reinfection after treatment was analysed. Transmission of both Oesophagostomum and hookworm infection appeared to be limited to the rainy season and the rate of reinfection was independent of the dose of albendazole received. The impact on transmission of developing stages that might survive in the nodules in the intestinal wall is discussed.


: The research aims to find out and describe the influence of simultaneously or partial attitude, life style and usefulness perception towards repurchase interest in Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo. This methodology research using quantitative descriptive research. The population was all consumer Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo unknown number. The number of samples was determined with the formula Lemeshow and the result 100 respondents. Sampling method using convenience sampling. The questionnaire used for data retrieval. Data analysis technique used was statistic analysis is multiple linier regression, F test, t test and determination coefficient. This test results the attitude, life style and usefulness perception simultaneously and significance effect on repurchase interest in Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo. Attitude influential positive and significance effect against the repurchase interest in Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo. Life style influential positive and significance effect against the repurchase interest in Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo. Usefulness perception influential positive and significance effect against the repurchase interest in Luwes Gentan Sukoharjo.

Keywords : Repurchase Interest, Attitude, Life Style, Usefulness Perception


. Railroad Km 110, Purwakarta, West Java is an area prone to land movements. One of the factors causing the land movement in this area is the existence of a sliding plane that is below the surface of the soil. The land movement at this location is an old land movement that is active again because it was triggered by rainwater infiltration. Geologically the study area is included in the Subang Formation, consisting of: claystone, breccias and sandstones. Claystone is a water impermeable layer, if there is rainwater infiltration, then the water cannot be absorbed by the rock layer, but it will flow downward in the direction of the slope. Clay stone that are exposed to water will change the violent nature of the rocks to be soft and slippery, so that the clay stone's surface can function as a sliding plane. Based on the results of resistivity measurements, drilling data and soil mechanics laboratory analysis, Clay stone has resistivity values: 1 – 5 Ωm, permeability: 5,39x10 -7 cm/sec and porosity: 54,99 % .


Positive charge at lysine residues of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was neutralized through carbamylation reaction and its effect on the conformational stability of the enzyme was studied. Additionally, guanidination of HEWL was also performed, in which the modified derivative retained the positive charge at lysine residues, but with the addition of guanidino group. About 88% and 85% of lysine residues of HEWL were modified in carbamylated (C88) and guanidinated (G85) preparations, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatographic results confirmed the charge and size homogeneity, respectively, of the modified derivatives. A comparison of Stokes radius and frictional ratio values of native (1.31 nm; 0.83), C88 (1.39 nm; 0.87) and G85 (1.20 nm; 0.75) HEWLs suggested an increase in the hydrodynamic volume of C88 HEWL and a more compact conformation for G85 HEWL. Decrease in free energy of stabilization (∆GD


Dear Editor, Hepatic resection (HR) is the mainstay treatment for solitary and multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and even those involving macrovascular invasion [1]. Thoughmany studies have investigated the impact of tumor size as a prognostic factor after HR for solitary HCC, controversy still exist among studies [2–4] and/or official guidelines. In the recent issue of J Surg Oncol, Goh et al. [5] performed an important retrospective study to investigate the prognostic factors of patients with solitary HCC after initial HR with special emphasis on the importance of tumor size. As researchers at a large tertiary liver care center with a longstanding interest in postsurgical prognosis of patients with HCC [6], we are concerned about the findings presented in this paper [5]. The results from this analysis [5] of 560 patients suggested: (i) tumor size, microvascular invasion, and liver cirrhosis are independent prognostic factors of recurrence free survival; (ii) microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and age are independent prognostic factors of overall survival. In addition, subset analysis found tumor size was a prognostic factor only for those with microvascular invasion but not for those without microvascular invasion. Though these results were supported by two large retrospective studies [2,7], we believe these findings should be treated with caution because it conflicts with other larger original studies [3,4] and because of the drawbacks in this study. Potential problems with recruited period weakens the validity of the multivariate analyses by this study [5]. The recruited period was from 2000 to 2013, which implied that the follow-up period of many patients was less than 5 years. This means a number of patients were censored. Another two issues in this paper further confused readers. First, the exact diameter of tumor size was not reported when they performed multivariate analyses. Also, in Tables II and III, no specific diameter of tumor size was described. In Table III, tumor size was a risk factor of recurrence-free survival, but not overall survival. However, we do not know the cut-off point of tumor size, for example, 5, 7, 8, or 10 cm. Tumor size larger than 10 cm was a risk factor of poor recurrence-free and/or overall survival in some of the previous studies [6], although some other previous studies revealed tumor size as a risk factor of prognosis only when the diameter larger than 7 [8] or 8 cm [9]. Therefore, they should stated the specific cut-off diameter of tumor size when they performed the analyses or described the results. Second, the specific cut-off age also should be described because many studies reported that age ( 70 year) by itself is not a contraindication to HR [10]. Though we compliment Goh et al. on their effort, studies like this important paper are necessary to give a specific cut-off point of tumor size and age, which remain controversial in literature. REFERENCES


By monitoring the variation of weights of floating production units (FPUs), the sum of total weight computed by load calculators on board very often does not match the actual displacement based on the current drafts. Differences can also be observed in the trim and heel of FPUs, which present values different from zero degree in the calculations, but in fact they are frequently kept near zero by ballast control.The mooring lines and risers tensions are one of the most uncertain weight items in loading conditions reported by the crew on board, therefore, this paper aims to assess the influence and behavior of these systems to a variety of situations in which FPUs operate.Analyses were performed for semi-submersibles and FPSOs considering two configurations of mooring system: catenary and taut-leg. The purpose is to evaluate how the magnitude of the resulting force varies — and hence how the trim and heel change — for a range of offsets caused by environmental conditions.The effect of mooring lines and risers is also discussed regarding the water depth by means of case studies considering a range of water depths. Actual lines properties and seabed bathymetry from mooring system models of platforms located offshore Brazil have been taken as reference.In short, the mooring lines and risers loads will be calculated for different types of floating production units, mooring system configurations and water depths in order to evaluate their influence on the trim, heel and displacement of FPUs.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


—today systems are complex and they also need to come to the market quickly. This means that we need to have the right tools to describe the systems, from the feasibility phase down to the architectural exploration, modelling and towards the implementation. This is still a difficult area as it requires different kinds of models for the different phases and isolated simulation to prove the concept. The details are usually left to the implementation phase for different models but they are becoming important to be known very early. In this paper we are considering a modelling approach which is a good fit for the early system buildup, architectural exploration and it can be reused downstream towards the implementation because additional details will not have significant influence on simulation performance. Moreover, an enhanced model can still be pushed upwards to the system level for additional observation. SystemVerilog is both a design and modelling language, which more and more is being used for the modelling of analog circuits and at the system level. The advantage is that of being able to simulate all together within same simulation environment: RTL, SystemVerilog models, schematic models, or other models described in languages such as Verilog-A/MS. In particular the state-space approach is being discussed here, not in its typical averaged style, but in new nuances. i.e in a "switching" context which represents somehow the novelty part and which fits especially those applications such as switching converters which are difficult to simulate into details both at a block level and system level. This paper highlights why the model remains fast in simulation whilst still capable of showing details and being accurate and also why such an approach is a best fit for an event driven simulator.


To properly interpret and define climatic warming trends of the last years.; climatic changes over the past several centuries must be constrained. High resolution surface air temperatures (SATs) to reconstruct global temperature trends extend back only to the late of 19th century. Fortunately, on long time scale and over large areas, ground surface temperatures (GSTs) track SATs. GST changes penetrate into the subsurface and are recorded as transient temperature perturbation. Therefore, borehole temperatures can be used to recover climate change over the last millennium in an area; paleoclimate change inferred from borehole temperatures can be used to interpret global warming over the last century, little ice age, and medieval warm period.


Contents Preface * Are There Gay Genes? Sociobiology and Homosexuality * Is Homosexuality Hormonally Determined? * Definition and Meaning of Sexual Orientation * The Bell and Weinberg Study: Future Priorities for Research on Homosexuality


The past and current scientific activities related to the future robotic and human exploration of the Moon have stressed the importance of lava tubes as convenient settlements in an inhospitable planet, providing a natural shielding to a variety of natural hazards with minimizing costs of the construction of manned bases. The detection of lava tubes could be favoured by the presence of skylights, which also represent a way to access to these underground structures. In this context, we analyze one of the proposed mechanism of skylights formation, that is random impacts craters, by comparing cratergeometry argumentations ([11]) with numerical modelling outcomes.


Water, sodium alkyl sulfate, propanediol, and contain synthetic amphoteric surfactant selected from the group consisting of cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine and cocamidopropyl betaine, non-irritating to the skin and eyes, ethoxylated components the not contain ethylene oxide-free, dioxane-free, personal care concentrate composition formaldehyde-free is disclosed. In some embodiments, the composition does not contain formaldehyde.


This paper presents a new numerical scheme for simulating multidimensional transient and steady-state microscale energy transport. The new method is based on the method of characteristics that follows heat carriers along their pathline. Unlike traditional methods, it uses a fixed computational grid and follows the heat carriers backward in time. The method 1) is accurate, 2) is unconditionally stable, 3) can deal with complex geometries without a large increase in computational cost, and 4) can be used for solving coupled equations using other numerical schemes. First, the numerical scheme is described. Then, simulations for transient and steady-state phonon transport in dielectric thin films are discussed. Numerical results are compared with analytical and reported numerical solutions and good agreement is obtained. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1795233#


On the research of Chinese chivalry novels,the "heavy on theory and light on history" phenomenon becomes increasingly evident.In fact,the two themes of "Rob" and "Chivalrous" have been take shaped.The themes show the trend of curiosity and popular.The re-research on Chinese chivalry novels in Wei-jin Dynasty not only has compensated for the weaknesses of traditional Chinese historiography,but also has reconstructed the history of Chinese chivalry novels.


A series of comprehensive experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritional status of the Long-Dong cashmere goats in Qing-Yang area,which suffered nutritional metabolic disease characterized by muscular dystrophy,sharp teeth exposure,coat adhesion and lambs suffering from rickets.Through local soil evaluation,serum biochemical parameters detection,component analysis of the hair and clinical symptoms observation,the results indicated that the goats undergone severe selenium and phosphorus deficiency,whereas the excessive intake of iron and copper had reached toxic dose which has inhibited the absorption of zinc.Thus caused the disease.


G. Godefroy asked whether, on any Banach space, the set of norm-attaining functionals contains a 2-dimensional linear subspace. We prove that a recent construction due to C.J. Read provides an example of a space which does not have this property. This is done through a study of the relation between the following two sentences where X is a Banach space and Y is a closed subspace of finite codimension in X: (A) Y is proximinal in X. (B) The annihilator of Y consists of norm-attaining functionals. We prove that these are equivalent if X is the Read's space. Moreover, we prove that any non-reflexive Banach space X with any given closed subspace Y of finite codimension at least 2 admits an equivalent norm such that (B) is true and (A) is false.


Hypertensive rats subjected to chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] presented attenuation of arterial hypertension, improvement the baroreflex sensitivity and restoration of cardiac autonomic tonus. In the present study we evaluated whether chronic increase in Ang-(1-7) in the brain modulates inflammatory mediators in the hypothalamus of the transgenic hypertensive rats that present overexpression of renin [(mRen2)27; TGR]. Sprague Dawley (SD) and TGR were subjected to 14 days of ICV infusion of Ang-(1-7) (200 ng/h) or 0.9% sterile saline (0.5 μl/h) through osmotic mini-pumps. The animals were euthanized by decapitation and the hypothalamus was quickly removed and frozen on dry ice. Cytokine levels were evaluated through Elisa assay and enzymes of RAS were measured by fluorimetric assays. As expected, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α) were increased in TGR (48 ± 3.5 pg/mg, 61 ± 2.7 pg/mg, 76 ± 4.3 pg/mg, respectively) as compared to SD rats (23 ± 1.8 pg/mg, 38 ± 3.4 pg/mg, 39 ± 3.5 pg/mg, respectively), while IL-10 was not altered. Interestingly, ICV infusion of Ang-(1-7) reduced levels of TNF-α (48 ± 3.4 pg/mg vs 76 ± 4.3 pg/mg in untreated TGR) and increased the levels of IL-10 (32 ± 2.6 pg/mg vs 19 ± 1.2 pg/mg in untreated TGR), without affecting IL-1α or IL-6 levels. No difference was found in ACE activity in plasma, on the other hand, the increased ACE activity in the hypothalamus of TGR (207 ± 25.5 nmoles His-Leu/ min/ mg of protein vs 173 ± 13.0 nmoles His-Leu/ min/ mg of protein, in SD rats) was significantly reduced (134 ± 7.9 nmoles His-Leu/ min/ mg of protein) by ICV infusion of Ang-(1-7). These data show that long term increase in Ang-(1-7) levels in the brain modulates inflammatory mediators in the hypothalamus, suggesting a possible additional mechanism for Ang-(1-7) antihypertensive action in the central nervous system.


Railtrack's requirements to replace over 700 tension lengths of wire on the West Coast Route Modernisation programme called for a major step change in the type of equipment used and the methodology. In May 1999 the OLE & Distribution Alliance was funded by Railtrack to Design and Build two high output wiring trains each capable of renewing a full tension length of wire in a short midweek possession. As there was no equipment in use in Europe or the Far East that was suitable to import, the team set about putting together a specification that would meet the stringent performance criteria and the onerous requirements of the UK railway industry. After discussions with several equipment suppliers, Windhoff, a German manufacturing company was selected as a partner in the development of the new trains. An order was placed in July 1999 and detailed design commenced. The equipment was ready for trials in June 2000 and shipped to the UK within two months. Vehicle Acceptance Body (VAB) certification was achieved and the first wire run (tension length) was successfully replaced during November 2000. To date over 650 wire runs have been replaced, with the added achievement of a full replacement within a five and a quarter hour midweek possession. For the covering abstract see ITRD E123761.


The invention discloses a novel separating type controllable catheter which comprises a catheter body. A bag body is arranged on the catheter body. A conveying tube connected with the bag body is arranged on the side edge of the catheter body. The catheter body is formed by connecting a front flow guide tube and a drainage tube. The bag body is arranged on the front flow guide tube. The front end of the front flow guide tube is provided with a telescopic tube section. A catheterization hole is formed in the telescopic tube section and located in the middle of the bag body. The front flow guide tube is provided with a pressing device to be connected with the telescopic tube section. The pressing device controls the telescopic tube section to act to enable the catheterization hole to extend out of the bag body or extend into the middle of the bag body. According to the novel separating type controllable catheter, the design is user-friendly, the length of the catheter body can be greatly shortened after the drainage tube is separated, the front flow guide tube inserted into the bladder can be automatically controlled by a patient for urination, no inconvenience is brought even though the front flow guide tube is inserted into the bladder for a long time, catheter inserting-pulling frequency can be reduced, and the pains of the patient are reduced.