Fully spin-polarized hole current is theoretically proposed to be generated by photoexcitation in the impurity states of the $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ monolayer with sulfur partially substituted by copper. To understand the dynamics of the photogenerated spin hole current, we perform a time-domain ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics investigation with different initial excitation and temperature. First, the spin hole relaxes in a band-by-band manner. Therefore a longer lifetime can be achieved if the initial hole is generated at the lower edge of the impurity bands. Second, the phonon excitation is found to affect the spin hole dynamics significantly. When the temperature is decreased from 100 to 50 K, the hole relaxation across the band gap is strongly suppressed by the phonon bottleneck, which is due to the reduction of the phonon occupations. Our results show that the initial hole generation and phonon excitation are two key factors determining the dynamics of the photogenerated spin hole, which provide insights into the design of optimal spintronic devices.


This paper simulated a heat wave event which occurred around Guangzhou during early August, 2012 by a weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with an urban canopy model (UCM) at a horizontal resolution of 1 km. Three numerical simulations with new land-use data representing different urbanization scenarios and an default simulation with Modis land-use data were performed. The land-use data of 2012 was extracted from the Remote sensing(RS) data of year 2012 produced by the Landsat-7 satellite,then based on satellite-measured night-time light data and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), a human settlement index was used to represent the current urban land-cover and define three urban land subcategories in the UCM. Using up-to-date urban land use data,which obtained as described above, simulation results agreed well with observation. The coupled WRF/UCM model reasonably reproduced the best 2-m temperature evolution and the smallest minimum mean-root-square-error as compared other experiments. The experiments coupled WRF/UCM could capturing the temporal characteristics of UHI intensity more accurately. The UHI intensity is gradually increasing after midday and becomes strongest at night, while it graduallydecreases in the morning and even gets negative at noon. The result showed that UHI intensity peak reached a maximum value of 3.0 °C at 1900 LST around sunset. Research indicates that the land-use change have a great impact on the simulation result. Comparisons among the results of four sensitivity runs showed that classification of three urban land subcategories in the experiments coupled UCM contributed 0.58°C to lift the maximum UHI intensities,and the maximum up to 1.58°C to UHI intensities. Anthropogenic heat release respectively contributed maximum 0.89 °C to the simulated UHI effects.


Abstract We have carried out a detailed pressure study of the three phase transitions observed in hydrated dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) containing 95% by weight of water. The P-T diagram shows a Gel III-Gel II-Gel I triple point at 3.5 kbar, 41[ddot]C. It is found that the Gel III phase can be obtained by pressure-annealing the sample for about 12 hours at room temperature.


The prior diagnosis of pathological conditions of the temporomandibular joint is extremely important for the planning of orthognathic surgery. If such conditions are ignored or not diagnosed, the worsening of the clinical features or postoperative relapse of the dentofacial deformity are to be expected. Condylar dsyplasia leads to an increase in the size of the mandibular condyle with repercussions for the entire jaw and resulting dentofacial deformity. The treatment of condylar hyperplasia consists in the resection of the area of the condyle responsible for this excessive growth and subsequent correction of the remaining facial deformity. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case of relapse of facial asymmetry due to a failure to diagnose and treat condylar hyperplasia, emphasizing the importance of the temporomandibular joint in orthognathic surgery.


A pasture on the solonchakic solonetz soil in the vicinity of the village of
 Iđos (Banat, Serbia) was found to harbor 137 plant taxa (129 species, 7
 subspecies and 1 variety). The plant cover they formed was specific from the
 ecological, phytogeographical and phytocoenological points of view. The
 specific ecological feature of the surveyed plant cover was that 47 or 34.31%
 of the recorded taxa were rated with the ecological index S+ due to their
 ability to grow in saline soil. The specific phytogeographical feature of the
 surveyed plant cover was the presence of two Pannonian endemics, Plantago
 schwarzenbergiana Schur and Statice gmelini subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soo,
 and two subendemics, Puccinellia limosa Holmb. and Roripa kerneri Menyh. The
 specific phytocoenological feature of the surveyed plant cover was the
 presence of two phytocoenoses from the class Phragmitetea Tx. et Prsg. 1942
 (ass. Scirpo-Phragmitetum medioeuropaeum and ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi
 continentale), one phytocoenose from the class Molinio- Arrhenatheretea
 Tx.1937 p.p., Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 p.p. (ass. Trifolio-Lolietum perennis) and
 ten phytocoenoses from the class Festuco-Puccinellietea Soo 1968 (ass.
 Puccinellietum limosae, ass. Pholiuro-Plantaginetum tenuiflorae, ass.
 Hordeetum histricis, ass. Agrostio-Alopecuretum pratensis, ass.
 Agrostio-Beckmannietum, ass. Halo-Agropyretum repentis, ass.
 Poeto-Alopecuretum pratensis halophyticum, ass. Artemisio-Festucetum
 pseudovinae, ass. Trifolio-Festucetum pseudovinae and ass.
 Achilleo-Festucetum pseudovinae). The presence of 34.31% of taxa rated with
 the ecological index S+, the presence of two Pannonian and two sub-Pannonian
 floristic elements and the predominance of stands from the class
 Festuco-Puccinellietea Soo 1968 led us to conclusion that the pasture near
 the village of Iđos (Banat, Serbia) is a part of the halobiome of the
 Pannonian Plain. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31016:
 Improvement of field forage crops agronomy and grassland management]


In article the main provisions of the evolutionary simulative methodology for regional socio-economic system are given, mathematical model is shown.


What is the long-term impact of pre-colonial ethnic institutions? I examine the consequences of the fragmentation of local indigenous communities produced by Spanish rule in Mexico. To do this I make use of unique data from 18th century pueblos — the basis of modern-day counties — to study the institutional impact that the formation of these pueblos had on current development in Mexico. I find that after controlling for alternative mechanisms, counties encompassing more historical pueblos, are more developed, and have less poverty, but are more unequal today. The effects are more latent in places where pre-hispanic roots are deeper (historical Mesoamerica and high altitude areas), suggesting the institutional impact has a pre-colonial basis.


War has always left in its wake grave problems of economic and social adjustment. World War II required an unprecedented mobilization of the nation's human and material resources to meet the total war effort of our enemies and has left unprecedented problems of economic and social reconversion. Among the most acute of these problems is that relating to housing. The acute housing problem which faces us today, however, is more than a heritage of the war alone. It is also, in part, a product of the great dislocation resulting from almost a decade of depression which preceded the war. The cumulative effect of these catastrophic forces is evident in the extent of the current housing shortage. Measuring the extent of the housing shortage is not as simple a problem as may seem upon first consideration. It is a task beset by a number of difficulties of both an economic and social character. To begin with, an analysis of the supply of housing relative to effective demand would produce quite different results than would an analysis in respect to social need. Moreover, in a transitional period, such as the present, complicated by rising prices, material shortages, temporary housing, production bottlenecks, and the changing aggregate and distribution of income payments, both the supply and the demand schedules for housing are particularly difficult to quantify. Any attempt to measure the social need for housing is handicapped by the lack of any widely accepted objective standards of either need for, or quality of, housing units. Another difficulty in dealing with this problem arises from the fact that most of the information available on a current basis is restricted to national data. Since the population is highly mobile while housing is immobile, and since both the war and the depression produced great population shifts, the national picture tends to obscure the problem as it actually exists in the specific local community.


Rather than adhering to the cost-benefit calculus often employed in the study of turnout, a recent stream in this literature refers to voting as habit forming. The empirical findings supporting this developmental approach are still scarce, however. Using voting-age discontinuities among almost equally aged individuals, this study enables the identification of the effect of voting in one election on turnout in future elections. Tracing individuals for more than 30 years of their lives, the long-term effect of early voting experiences on people's turnout profiles is also examined. The findings show early voting experiences shape future voting profiles. Moreover, casting a ballot does not boost non-electoral participation.


Marjorie Hope Nicolson's The Conway Letters is, simultaneously, a work of so many different kinds, and offers itself to so many distinct cultural and intellectual constituencies, that it is difficult to include them all, and impossible to assign them priority or precedence. It is first of all, though, a delightful and important book. It has been out of print for a great many years, the original edition of 1930 long ago sold out. So its reappearance in a new edition, with extensive revisions and additions by Sarah Hutton, is very much to be applauded and welcomed.


Streptococcus factis (Lister 1873) Lohnis 1909 and Streptococcus cremoris Orla-Jensen 1919 have a number of significant properties in common and belong to the same DNA homology group. S. cremoris is here regarded as a subspecies of S. factis. The name of the subspecies is S. Iactis subsp. cremoris (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov. Streptococcus diacetifactis Matuszewski et al. 1936 does not appear on the approved lists of bacterial names (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:225-420,1980). However, it is here regarded as a recognizable taxon, for which the name S. lactis subsp. diacetifactis (Matuszewski et al.) nom. rev., comb. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this subspecies is NCDO 176.


Aim The article presents a new structure of a RF-excited all-metal waveguide CO2 laser.Methods Wave guide applies NC machining technique and Shizuchika Molding process in laser cavity.Results The experimental study on the 380mm laser has obtained a 10.6 μm fundamental mode laser output,which carries an output power greater than 38W and has a 12.7% photoelectricity transition efficiency with a stability as less than ±3%/h.Conclusion NC machining technique and Shizuchika Molding process in laser cavity,can achieve high accuracy,a well-polished surface and a stable size of the laser,make it possible for mass production.


This dissertation is devoted to specific style and conception of brand communication in skateboarding and snowboarding industry. The practical part presents historical and cultural context of boarding sports, including their specific target groups. The philosophy and lifestyle of consumers is significantly reflected in marketing communications of brands in this business branch. The aim of this dissetation is to prepare suitable communication strategy for Czech snowboard brand Frople. This, above all comes out from analysis of competition environment. Treatment for this small Czech company present two campaign concepts, where each of them respects different budget requierements.


Sum mary Aim: To investigate the neonatal morbidity and mortality results in PPROM. Material and Method: A review of 228 PPROM singleton pregnancies followed up in our clinic between 1996 and 2005 was performed. Results: The most common neonatal morbidities in PPROM cases are RDS, sepsis and IVH. The route of delivery does not affect NICU requirement, perinatal asphyxia, sepsis and IVH rates in PPROM cases. NICU and PPV requirement, RDS, sepsis and IVH rates increase if APGAR score is <5. Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates increase as latent period lenghtens. CRP on admission, final CRP, birthweight and the 5th minute APGAR score were found to be associated with NICU requirement; only the 5th minute APGAR score was found to be associated with RDS; final leukocyte count and maternal hemotacrit was found to be associated with sepsis and pneumonia, independently. Conclusions: In PPROM cases, CRP on admission, final CRP, birthweight, the 5th minute APGAR score, final leukocyte count and maternal hematocrit must be considered to predict neonatal outcomes.(Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 287-92)


A Loran-C system is a hyperbolic navigation system which works based on the TOA methods. The cycle identification and ECD estimation accuracies have considerable effects on the Loran-C system receivers localization accuracy so it is important to estimate the reference point and ECD as precisely as possible. White Gaussian noise degrades the performance of cycle identification and ECD estimation. Also, the error in cycle identification or ECD estimation degrades the performance of another one. In this paper two proposed methods for cycle identification and ECD estimation are evaluated in presence of white Gaussian noise and it will be described the relations between the cycle identification and ECD estimation. The simulations results show that the proposed methods are robust in presence of white Gaussian noise.


In recent years,research on carotid atherosclerosis has turned to the aspect of neovascularization in vulnerable plaques.The evaluation of neovascularization in plaques using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography has become one of the novel technologies to determine the plaque stability.This article reviews the principles of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and its application in the evaluation of neovascularization in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and vulnerable plaques.

Key words:
Carotid Artery Diseases;  Atherosclerosis;  Plaque, Atherosclerotic;  Ultrasonography,Doppler;  Contrast Media;  Neovascularization, Pathologic


Our objective was to evaluate the impact of various blood pressures (BPs) on coronary perfusion and valvular hemodynamics following aortic valve replacement (AVR).


The paper presents an original approach to the integration of computer aided design and finite element analysis for a multifunctional piece of furniture using CATIA Generative Structural Analysis workbench. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) application is an important engineering technique in the furniture industry. FEA is an accurate method for numerical solution of field problems. A major problem of mesh generation today is access to CAD geometry in a efficient and precise manner. Starting with a solid modelling for the creation of the desired piece of multifunctional furniture is used in this case, the automatic generation of the finite element meshes. Getting more accurate results for the mesh refinement process can be made by changing parameters. The article outlines the developed model for analysing the supporting structure of the armchair. This model provides simulating of the different loads and checking the raised stresses and deformation in the structures analysed. The main objective of this research is to evaluate strength of wooden cedar armchair for a person weighing 140 kg and for this the finite element analysis (FEA) has been used. Multifunctional furniture is the answer to the challenges contemporary lifestyle, creativity in design activities that require optimal space utilization and reducing costs.


Kronenradverzahnungspaarung comprehensively a crown wheel (11) about a first axis (A1) is rotatably mounted and teeth (13), with flanks (14, 15) extending substantially radially to the axis (A1) generating lines are formed, and a pinion (21), the second axis extending about an axis perpendicular to the first axis (A1) (A2) is rotatably mounted and teeth (23), which run with flanks with substantially parallel to the axis (A2) generating lines are formed, wherein radially outside of the teeth (13) of the crown gear on the pinion (21), a collar (25) is integrally formed, which is engageable with a peripheral surface of the crown wheel (11) in abutment.


The utility model discloses a hydraulic control system for a side container freight-handling crane. According to the system, hydraulic oil output by a hydraulic pump passes through a high-pressure filter, respectively flows to multiple directional control valves of front and rear cranes and passes through bidirectional hydraulic locks or bidirectional balance valves of the front and rear cranes, which are connected with the multiple directional control valves of the front and rear cranes so as to control a working chamber of front and rear crane actuating mechanisms; hydraulic oil in another working chamber of the front and rear crane actuating mechanisms is returned through the multiple directional control valves front and rear cranes and flows back into a hydraulic oil tank through an oil return filter. Compared with the prior art, the system has the advantages that a three-way flow valve is shared by the different front and rear crane actuating mechanisms, the motion flow is controlled, the acting stability of the front and rear crane actuating mechanisms is guaranteed, the unbalance loading working condition requirement is met, and the synchronization of the front and rear cranes is realized. Moreover, the front and rear cranes are respectively provided with auxiliary supporting legs, so that the front and rear cranes and a whole vehicle are supported, and the rollover and the shake of the whole vehicle due to unbalance loading can be avoided.


Soil-water distributions in homogeneous soil profiles of Yolo clay loam and Yolo sand irrigated from a circular source of water were measured at several times after initiation of irrigation. The effect of trickle discharge rates and soil type on the locations of the wetting front and soil-water content distributions were determined. Soil-water potential and hydraulic conductivity, as a function of soil-water content, were also measured. A finite element solution of the two-dimensional transient soil-water equation, the theory of time-dependent, linearized infiltration from a circular source, the effective hemisphere model, and a generalized solution for axially symmetric flow were compared with the experimental results. In general, the computed vertical advances of the wetting front were closely related to those observed for both soils. All of the solutions provided a better prediction of the wetting front positions for the clay-loam soil than for the sandy soil. The calculated and measured horizontal wetting fronts did not agree for large time, especially for the generalized solution. A more pronounced underprediction of the wetting front positions by the effective hemisphere theory occurred compared to those predicted by the linearized and finite element theories. Soil-water content distributions computed by linearized and numerical solutions, agreed reasonably with measured values in both soils.


ABSTRACT Unconformities in the GulfCoast Province too often have been regarded only as a vague concept and are seldom used as an exploration tool. Their identification and reconstruction can be used to locate relic local and regional structures and to determine past and present locations of hydrocarbons and their economic potential. Late structural deformation can cause secondary migration and/or alter dip rate and dip direction, thus concealing the present locations of trapped hydrocarbons. Structural-stratigraphic relationships can be modified by fault systems, piercement domes and younger unconformities which may intersect older unconformities. The present locations of trapped hydrocarbons can be found on an original buried relic structure or on a later structure, or both, depending upon the nature of the trap and subsequent structural movement and migratory history of the hydrocarbons. Structure and stratigraphy related to this time of movement, as dated by unconformities and paleontology, can be used on a regional and local basis to find embayments, pro-delta fronts, wedges, turbidite deposits and relic structures. By constructing paleogeomorphic maps on each significant horizon, and superimposing maps of successively younger units on those of older units, it is possible to reconstruct the sequence of deposition, structural uplift, erosion and burial. North Chacahoula field, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, is an example to which these techniques can be applied. Paleogeomorphic maps and stratigraphic cross-sections reveal that six periods of emergence and erosion occurred on top of a tectonic structure which has since been buried. During and after each period of erosion, structural movement tilted the unconformities. The net result is that unconformities intersect each other where earlier unconformities became exposed to later surfaces of erosion, and the unconformities climb in the section away from the axis of the relic structure.


: Background: Curcumin is an herbal constitute from curcuma lunga. The root of curcuma has been known for its antioxidant properties with benefical effects in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Also there are some reports about its antioxidative stress properties. According to this background, we have prepared this minireview considering 20-30 recent articles. Materials and Methods: We have accumulated 23orginaland review articles from Medical Database Publication Science, Scopus, Google scholar, web of Sience and Elsevier about role of curcumin and in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Results: According to these studies, curcumine through intervention in decreasing serum fatty acid (due to increased consumption of fatty acid oxidation) can reduce glucose in patients with diabetes. Also by improving pancreatic beta cell function as pre-diabetes intervention is benifical too. Alsocurcumin by reducing the pulse wave velocity, leptin levels, triglycerides, uric acid, visceral fat and total body fat as well as increased levels of adiponectin in diabetes patients can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: According to these results we can introduce curcumin for co-treatments in diabetic patients especially who are at risk of atherosclerosis.


Metal-on-metal resurfacing offers an alternative strategy to hip replacement in the young active patient with severe osteoarthritis of the hip. The functional outcomes, failure rates and impending revisions in hybrid total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and Birmingham hip resurfacings (BHRs) were compared after 5–7 years. We studied the clinical and radiological results of the BHR with THA in two groups of 54 hips each, matched for sex, age, BMI and activity. Function was excellent in both groups as measured by the Oxford hip score (median 13 in the BHRs and 14 in the THAs, p=0.14), but the resurfacings had higher UCLA activity scores (median 9 v 7, p=0.001) and better EuroQol quality of life scores (0.90 v 0.78, p=0.003). The THAs had a revision or intention to revise rate of 8% and the BHRs 6%. Both groups demonstrated impending failure on surrogate end-points. 12% of THAs had polyethylene wear and osteolysis and there was femoral component migration in 8% of resurfacings. Polyethylene wear was present in 48% of hybrid hips without osteolysis. Of the femoral components in the resurfacing group which had not migrated, 66% had radiological changes of unknown significance. In conclusion, the early to mid-term results of resurfacing with the BHR appear at least as good as those of hybrid THA.


Research interest in neural networks has grown rapidly in recent years. Studies covering many aspects of neural networks, from new models, simulations and theoretical analyses, to implementations and applications, have been reported. Little research, however, has been performed on noise effects and fault tolerance in neural networks. In this dissertation, the focus is on the investigation of Hopfield-type neural networks (HNNs) by both numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Computer simulations and a linear combination concept are employed to study HNNs from a quantitative point of view. A statistical method and models are then proposed for various situations in analyzing different aspects of HNNs. Contributions of this dissertation include the following: First, a complementary Hopfield model (CHNN) is presented for improving the performance of the original Hopfield model. A generalized three-layered model capable of systematically describing HNNs and their extensions, e.g., higher-order, exponential order, and winner-take-all nets is then proposed. A rigorous analysis of HNNs, using a statistical technique, clearly displays their characteristics. Analyses and comparisons of first-order modifications, higher-order nets, and exponential order nets are also performed. The differences between even- and odd-order nets as well as auto- and hetero-associative nets are pointed out and discussed. Various models for implementation error and/or noise sources, including detector/thresholding device noise, 2-D matrix mask noise, and gain variation noise, are then proposed and an "excess" noise concept is developed, which then leads to new results on the analysis of implementation noise effects in HNNs. This technique is then extended and successfully applied to the analysis of fault tolerance problems, including synaptic interconnect faults and neuron stuck-at faults, in HNNs.


Abstract. First, we define some contact Riemannian invariants for almost
contact metric manifolds analogues to those invariants introduced in [5, 6].
We then establish sharp inequalities between these contact Riemannian invariants
and the squared mean curvature for almost contact Riemannian
manifolds in a real space form. We also investigate almost contact Riemannian
submanifolds which verify the equality case of the inequalities.
Examples of contact Riemannian submanifolds satisfying the equality case
are provided as well.


The [Cu8Br15]6- ion in green crystalline (MePh3P)6[Cu8Br15] is shown by X-ray crystallography to have the structure [Br3(μ3-Br4Cu4)(μ2-Br)(μ3-Br4Cu4)Br3]6- derived from two Cu4Br8 cubane units. The unusual geometry and charge of the anion are determined by the high-symmetry (space group Pa3) lattice of cations, maintained by phenyl···phenyl interactions, and interacting with the anion by C−H···Br hydrogen bonds.


The paper brought out a new multi-attribute group decision-making method.The characteristic of this method is using fuzzy evaluation information to evaluate attribute,using maximal deviation principle to determine attribute weights,using cluster analysis method to determine decision-making expert's weights.Finally,the integrated attribute assessment value of each program is calculated by uncertain expansion order weighting average operator.An example is carried out to illustrate the validity of the proposed model,which provides a feasible method for multi-attribute group decision-making problem.


Background: The incidence of atrial septal defect is 1.6 per 1,000 live births accounting for 8-10% of all congenital heart defects. For the majority of patients the clinical course is often benign. However, pulmonary arterial hypertension is known to complicate 9 to 35% of patients with a secundum type atrial septal defect. The purpose of the study is to apply the new definition of pulmonary hypertension to our cohort of atrial septal defect interventional closures. Objectives: We aim to see whether children with atrial septal defect who have a mean pulmonary artery pressure of <20 mmHg have differences in body habitus and outcomes compared with the children with mean pulmonary artery pressure of 21-25mmHg and children with mean pulmonary arterial pressure of >25 mmHg. Methods: The data collection took place from January to March 2022. A retrospective search was carried out at the archives of the hemodynamic laboratory of a large pediatric hospital in Athens, Greece, carrying out a large number of catheterizations for congenital heart disease. Results: In total, we retrieved 78 children, 30 boys and 48 girls with a diagnosis of atrial septal defect. In 17 cases the mean PAP was not documented so the remaining 61 children were stratified according to their mean PAP as mean PAP <20 mmHg, mean PAP >20mmHg but less than 2 5 mmHg and more than 25 mmHg. Conclusions: There was no difference in height, weight, BMI, BMI centile, sex age, hospital stay between the groups of no pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary pressures between 20-25 mmHg.


Nowadays, Colombia presents large quantities of plastic PET waste, so the overall objective of this investigation is to design
a material from plastic PET waste to get benefits in the construction field as an initiative to reduce the environmental impact
derived from inefficient waste management. The study of background information and the results analysis were a key aspect
to complete the final design of the material, for this reason methodologies developed by other individuals were fundamental
in this work. Tests were applied to observe the performance of the designed material, using as a reference the ASTM C67-17
standard that involved compression, flexion and absorption tests. As a solution, a scale block was developed from the use of
PET and other components such as fiberglass to try to improve the mechanical properties in comparison to the specimen of
the selected sector. To reach the solution, an injection molding method was used and the process was adjusted to obtain the
desired design. After that, the different samples were subjected to the tests mentioned above through the use of equipment
such as the universal machine, the thermoforming center 911, among other equipment used.
Based on the results obtained, statistical tests were applied in order to verify the existence of statistically significant
differences between the samples analyzed. The selected material had favorable results in certain properties such as
compression and absorption in comparison with the specimen of the sector taken into account. A high budget or not finding a
production technique for the development of the block could have been restrictions for the project development. In order to
verify the correct design of the material, the ASTM C67-17 and D695-15 standards were used as a reference and the
specimen of the sector was analyzed under the same conditions in order to corroborate the results obtained. When observing
the results, it was possible to demonstrate that the PET and PET + 5% Fiberglass were the samples with superior
performance in the compression test, however, the PET was selected as the best material since it presented a better
performance in the flexion test. Also, it presents better result in the environment and financial indicators in contrast to the
other samples.


Patient with primary spinal aneurismal bone cyst was selected as regard to clinical presentation and radiographic findings. Surgical treatment with spinal radical bone curettage was performed for all patients without fixation. Neurological deficits marked improved after surgery in all paient. No radiological recurrence was detected along two years follow up period. Healing and ossification was found in 75% of cases. (Hazem Abul-Nasr, Magdy Samra, Basem Ayoub and Mohamed Heshame Ghoname. Spinal aneurismal Bone Cyst, surgical Treatment and Imaging (A Study of 8 Cases). J Am Sci 2012;8(1):780-786). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org . 106


Objectives To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its primary risk factors in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Three hundred and sixty-two patients with DCM(DCM group)and 401 age-matched residents (control group) were enrolled randomly in the study, the hypertensive prevalence rate were calculated respectively in the two groups and were compared with each other; the patients in the DCM group were divided into two subgroups (hypertension subgroup and non-hypertension subgroup) according to whether the patients have hypertension; the clinical data related to blood pressure was compared between the two subgroups. Results The prevalence of hypertension in DCM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (32.8% vs. 20.1%, P<0.01); There were no significant differences on the age, gender, occupation and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two subgroups, but the mean heart rate and the percentage of patients who had family history of hypertension were significantly higher in the hypertension subgroup than that in the non-hypertension subgroup (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in patients with DCM was high; The increased activity of sympathetic nervous system and the hypertensive genetic factor may be the main risk factors of hypertension in patients with DCM.


The article deals with necessity for improvement of technical and technological base for the railway transport. It was proposed to implement it with own resources under limited financial resources.  The article singled out three priority investment areas for improvement of technical and technological base. The first one is a purchase of modern rolling-stock. The second area is strategic partnership with domestic producers of rolling stock. The third one is improvement of repair and maintenance system for the rolling stock. The most effective use of own financial resources should become a criterion for the area selection.


It is generally accepted that neurosurgical procedures invading the anterior and middle fossa carry the risk of postoperative epilepsy. However, the practice of seizure prophylaxis varies from institution to institution, and within any one institution it depends on the neurosurgeon, the patient, and the nature of the problem requiring neurosurgical intervention. This paper discusses the data that can be brought to bear upon the decision to institute prophylactic antiepileptic treatment. Unfortunately, relatively little data exist on the incidence of seizures following brain surgery. Much of the data are made difficult to interpret by (1) the necessary continued postoperative antiepileptic treatment of persons with preoperative seizures, (2) the unavoidable occurrence of epileptogenic postoperative complications (infection, ischemia, metabolic disturbance, etc.), (3) non-compliance with antiepileptic medication, and (4) the inadequate reporting of surgical technique. From retrospective case studies, however, several points emerge. First, it is clear that some entities-for example, cerebral abscess and craniocerebral trauma with intracranial hematoma-are associated with a high incidence of postoperative epilepsy (72 percent1 and 3 5 percent2, respectively). Second, the location of the brain lesion is important. Thus, falx and parasagittal meningiomas are associated with a 28 percent incidence of postoperative epilepsy3 in contrast to an incidence of 6 per cent for all supratentorial meningiomas taken together.4 Similarly, postoperative epilepsy occurs after less than 10 percent of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysms, but after 25 percent of middle cerebral artery aneurysm^.^ Third, the surgical approach and complications influence the occurrence of postoperative epilepsy. Acoustic neuromas large enough to require the added transtentorial approach that exposes the temporal lobe are associated with a 22 percent incidence of postoperative epilepsy, whereas the translabyrinthine approach alone is unassociated with seizure^.^ It may be argued that some of this difference is related to the size of the tumor. Intracranial surgery for cerebral aneurysm is complicated by postoperative epilepsy 27.5 percent of the time; carotid ligation is followed by a 5 percent incidence of seizure^.^ Cortical trauma and brain swelling observed intraoperatively have been associated with the subsequent development of epilepsy.7 These data indicate that the nature of


When the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) program releases its reports on student achievement in various subjects, the data are added to the NAEP Data Explorer (NDE) website.1 The NDE offers tools to visualize students' achievement patterns over time. Users can also compare achievement scores disaggregated by student background characteristics, school environment, community characteristics, and curriculum content and instructional practices. The NDE has been shown to support reflective educational practices in the social studies (Fitchett and Heafner 2013). Working with assessment data can stimulate ideas for how teachers can critique and evaluate curriculum making and instructional practices. However, there are no published accounts of geography teachers using the NDE for such purposes (Gribben, Schultz, and Woods 2019). To illustrate how NAEP data can address questions of concern to geography educators, this article reports the results of a study that investigated the following two questions with the help of the NDE:


Objective To summarize the clinical features of infantile mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) pneumonia and its diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical features,laboratory examinations,treatment and outcomes of 180 MP infants admitted from August 2005 to August 2010 were analyzed. Results The main clinical manifestations of patients were fever,irritable cough,most with unobvious lung signs,normal peripheral blood leucocyte,and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) or a little increased.Chest X-ray films changed remarkably.In addition,damages of blood,liver function,cardiac muscle,kidney and nervous system,etc.were noted.Patients received azithromycin,some received additional third generation cephalosporin,glucocorticoids,and all cured clinically. Conclusion Infantile MP pneumonia,predominantly occurring in the school-age children,has severe clinical symptoms but slight signs.Chest X-ray film having obvious shadow is the characteristics of MP pneumonia.Serological test is the primary means of diagnosis and macrolide antibiotics is the first drug choice.


. In order to study the cutting force in machining of titanium alloy with solid cutters of different geometriy, variable helix (VH), variable pitch (VP) and standard (SD) milling cutter were used to machine titanium alloy TB6 via dry milling. The influence of cutting parameters and geometric structure parameters of milling cutters on the cutting force was investigated by the analysis of radial and tangential forces in the cutting process with three kinds of milling cutters. The experiment results showed that cutting parameters had the same influence on the radial force and tangential force of the three milling cutters, and the influence of geometric structure parameters on radial force and tangential force was different. Compared with the SD milling cutter, the change of pitch and helix resulted in the increase of radial and tangential forces, the pitch change led to the radial force being larger than the tangential force, and the helix change led to the radial force being smaller than the tangential force.


My attempt to address rhythm and its theological significance has involved a tension between description and construction. On the one hand, I merely point to rhythm as the ghost haunting theology, describing its varying forms and its effects on that with which it comes into contact. But the other side of this investigation has been a constructive attempt to put together a few of the pieces of what theology would be like if it were performed while keeping one eye on the ghost. The reader may have noticed that in doing so, I have, as far as possible, avoided explicitly aligning myself with any particular theological school, position, denomination, etc., although I offer critiques of certain projects and thinkers. I have, instead, borrowed liberally, though I hope not incoherently, from a wide range of eras, denominations, and theological commitments. The reason for this is that I have attempted to investigate the diversity of approaches to rhythm across Christian theology. Since there exists such a variety of approaches to rhythm, the category is clearly not restricted to a particular theological project. I want this book to reflect that diversity, not to make rhythm the concern of only a subsection of Christian theology. I want to avoid this project becoming absorbed into any particular theological project as a category associated with and somehow belonging to that project....


The probable trajectories of carbon stocks of forest ecosystems under the future climatic scenario in Northeast China were simulated using forest carbon budget model FORCCHN based on growth process of individual trees.The FORCCHN was driven by the future data of FGOALS model.The results showed that:(1) forest ecosystems in Northeast China were expected to be a weak sink from 2003 to 2049.(2) Carbon stocks in soil showed a trend of increase before reaching saturation states and decrease afterward.However,carbon stocks in vegetation showed an increasing trend in the future.Spatially,carbon storages in soil in different regions increased or decreased on different degrees.But,scopes of decreasing were bigger than those of increasing.And carbon storages in vegetation behaved increasing trends.(3) Carbon stocks in soil may reach saturation states before carbon stocks in vegetation,so soil carbon stocks may decrease.However,increase of carbon stocks in vegetation may delay the appearance of saturation states.


While many MRAM solutions have been proposed as alternatives to conventional memory solutions (like SRAM, eDRAM and NOR-FLASH) for the embedded domain, envisioning MRAM based dropin replacements without architectural modifications requires an extensive design technology co-optimization (DTCO) loop to arrive at the FEOL, MEOL, BEOL and stack requirements keeping in mind Power, Performance, Area and Cost considerations. This paper analysis the feasibility of the different eMRAM solutions keeping in mind the application and architectural constraints.


This article builds a socio-technical dataset and associated network and provides exploratory analysis of a GitHub repository for a smartphone application used by the Elizabeth Warren campaign during the 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucuses. It provides insights into the types of technology used by campaigns for tracking primary delegates and the social actors that have potential influence over those technologies. Results suggest that certain nodes in the network have more influence over the election technology and that security risks can manifest through the unique interaction between technical and social network components as supply chain attacks. The work sheds light on implications of how election technology is audited and designed, especially for potential public-facing voting technology. A metric for evaluating socio-technical vulnerability is also proposed.


Abstract : This thesis investigates the effect of the Voluntary Separation Incentive/ Special Separation Bonus (VSI/SSB) on the voluntary separation behavior of Navy officers and Navy enlisted personnel using the Annualized Cost of Leaving (ACOL) model. The thesis also estimates the effect of the threat of a reduction-in-force (RIF) on VSI/SSB program acceptance behavior. Data provided by the Defense Data Manpower Center (DMDC) on VSI/SSB eligible Navy officers and Navy and Air Force enlisted personnel in FY93 and FY92 are used for the empirical analyses. Multivariate probit models are estimated to predict the voluntary separation rate in the absence of the financial incentive. These estimates are used to calculate the costs and benefits of the VSI/SSB program for both Navy officers and Navy enlisted personnel. This thesis finds that the VSI/SSB program increased the voluntary separation rate by 44.93 percent for Navy officers, but only by 4.29 percent for Navy enlisted personnel. The threat of RIF significantly increases voluntary separation rates.


Kinetics of thermal degradation occurring on polyester containing cationic dyeable comonomer units viz. 5-sulphoisophthalate moieties are studied by measurement of changes in intrinsic viscosity and carboxyl values on the polymer after subjecting the polymer chips to temperatures in the range 275–285°C for different residence times ranging from 5 to 60 min and comparing with the homopolymer. The activation energy values for degradation are estimated from the kinetic data. Mechanical properties of the textured yarns produced from the partially oriented yarns (POY) spun under different residence times are measured. Yarn produced with higher residence time has poor mechanical properties. The SEM images of the POY show presence of particles at the surface of the yarn due to polymer degradation. The size of the particles as seen on the surface increase with increase of retention time. Addition of thermal stabilizer helps in controlling the thermal degradation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


Influence of the preparation method and different precursors are important for the absorber photovoltaic layer parameters of SnS. Synthesis of SnS compounds was carried out via two preparation methods; solid state reaction and hydrothermal; using different sulfur precursors. The morphology of particles and phase identification were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The XRD diffraction pattern of SnS revealed the existence of two crystal structure phases: the major is orthorhombic and the minor phase is tetragonal. The optical properties were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer showing absorbance peaks around 485 nm. The lowest bandgap of 1.74 eV is for SnS sample prepared from L-cystine. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that SnS cell prepared from L-cystine gave the lowest resistance of 171W. The photoelectrochemical measurements of this cell showed the highest power conversion efficiency per unit area of 2.5%.


In this paper, we propose a QoS (Quality of Service)-aware and cooperative resource reservation scheme using cross-layer link adaptation for wireless high definition video transmission through UWB (Ultra Wide Band) network with D-MAC (Distributed Medium Access Control). A wireless high definition video transmission system usually requires stable high throughput even without line-of-sight, e.g.,a destination device in another room separated by a wall. Since the WiMedia D-MAC supporting DRP(Distributed Reservation Protocol) scheme causes lots of DRP resource reservation conflicts due to failure of beacon detection in wireless channel environment, overall performances of the WiMedia D-MAC can be deteriorated. And the current WiMedia MAC standard has not considered Qos provisioning even though Qos paramenters such as a range of service rates are provided to each traffic stream. Therefore, we propose Relay DRP protocol with QoS-based relay node selection criterion, which makes a relay path to avoid DRP resource reservation conflicts and guarantee QoS more stably through cross-layer link adaptation of cooperative relay transmission scheme and is compliant with the current WiMedia D-MAC protocol. Simulation results demonstrate performance improvements of the proposed method for throughput and QoS provisioning.


Reducing friction is an important aspect to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). The majority of frictional losses in engines are related to both the piston skirt and piston ring–cylinder liner (PRCL) arrangement. We studied the enhancement of the conformation of the PRCL arrangement based on the assumption that a suitable conical liner in its cold state may deform into a liner with nearly straight parallel walls in the fired state due to the impact of mechanical and thermal stresses. Combining the initially conical shape with a noncircular cross section will bring the liner even closer to the perfect cylindrical shape in the fired state. Hence, a significant friction reduction can be expected. For the investigation, the numerical method was first developed to simulate the liner deformation with advanced finite element methods. This was validated with given experimental data of the deformation for a gasoline engine in its fired state. In the next step, initially conically and/or elliptically shaped liners were investigated for their deformation between the cold and fired state. It was found that, for liners being both conical and elliptical in their cold state, a significant increase of straightness, parallelism, and roundness was reached in the fired state. The combined elliptical-conical liner led to a reduced straightness error by more than 50% compared to the cylindrical liner. The parallelism error was reduced by 60% to 70% and the roundness error was reduced between 70% and 80% at different liner positions. These numerical results show interesting potential for the friction reduction in the piston-liner arrangement within internal combustion engines.


Laser atom/ion―molecule reaction interaction through dipole moments leads to potential energy surface crossings in ion molecule (Li + + CH 4 ) and barrier reshaping in atom―molecule reaction (Li + CH 4 ). We will show here by using gauge representation (electric field gauge) that we can create laser-induced surface crossing in the region (4 au) where the dipole moment changes sign for the LiH + CH 3 + ⇄ Li + + CH 4 reaction and reshape the barrier height (increase/ decrease the height) by changing the laser phase for Li + CH 4 → LiH + CH 3 where dipole moment changes sign in the transition state region.


In this study, a formula for regularized sums of eigenvalues of a Sturm-Liouville problem with retarded argument at the point of discontinuity is obtained. Moreover, oscillation properties of the related problem is investigated.


Quality of hermeticitical sealing which played an important role in life and performance of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) must be solved for the commercialization of SOFCs. The current status of hermeticitical sealing,glass/glass-ceramic sealing,compressive sealing and metal hermeticitical sealing for durability and resistance research of thermal cycling for SOFCs at intermediate and low temperature is reviewed. Discussion on the problem and possible solution of every method is made from hermeticity,compensation for thermophysical property mismatch and chemical stability. And a view of the trends in hermeticitical sealing for SOFCs at intermediate and low temperature is given.


Performance appraisal systems (PAS) are required to be effective in order to improve and sustain the employee performance of an organization. Academic staff is considered as the most important stakeholders of a university. Their general objective is to generate knowledge and skills and disseminate them. They hold a very important place in modern society as they directly influence the personal development of the present and successive generations. Evaluation of performance and performance evaluation system for academic staff is a must because success of a university depends on its academia This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the existing performance appraisal system for academic staff of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University. Independent variables used in the study are users' characteristics, system characteristics and perceived fairness. The existing performance appraisal system has not been evaluated for a long period. The study was conducted using quantitative methodology and was conducted at the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU). Sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) method. Stratified random sampling was used to choose the target group in the university. Stratified random sampling is an efficient research sampling design that provides more information in a given sample size. Before the actual study was conducted, a pilot study was carried out to test the validity and reliability of instrument used. For the actual study, the quantitative data was collected by distributing a questionnaire to the academic staff of KDU. The findings show that the existing PAS for academic staff is ineffective in terms of user's characteristics, perceived fairness and user's characteristics.


Abstract : A numerical technique is presented for efficiently solving three-dimensional unsteady incompressible flows. The method is based on the fractional-step approach. The computational molecule is a semi-staggered grid where the velocity components are defined at the cell corners and the pressure at the cell centers. The pressure gradients at the cell interfaces are computed using fourth-order-accurate compact differences. The convective terms are time-advanced by a third-order-accurate Runge-Kutta technique and the diffusive terms by the Crank-Nicolson scheme. The residual form of the pressure-Poisson equation is solved iteratively by the modified strongly implicit scheme. Globally, the method is second-order accurate in space and time. The consistency of the boundary conditions and the overall solution accuracy are verified properly. The technique is applied to a three-dimensional shear-driven cavity for predicting the unsteady flow at Reynolds numbers of 2000 and 3200.


We use generalizations of the Borel–Dwork criterion to prove variants of the Grothedieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture and the conjecture of Ogus for some classes of abelian varieties over number fields. The Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture predicts that an arithmetic differential equation whose reduction modulo p has vanishing p-curvatures for all but finitely many primes p, has finite monodromy. It is known that it suffices to prove the conjecture for differential equations on P1 − {0, 1,∞}. We prove a variant of this conjecture for P1−{0, 1,∞}, which asserts that if the equation satisfies a certain convergence condition for all p, then its monodromy is trivial. For those p for which the p-curvature makes sense, its vanishing implies our condition. We deduce from this a description of the differential Galois group of the equation in terms of p-curvatures and certain local monodromy groups. We also prove similar variants of the p-curvature conjecture for a certain elliptic curve with j-invariant 1728 minus its identity and for P1 − {±1,±i,∞}. Ogus defined a class of cycles in the de Rham cohomology of smooth proper varieties over number fields. This notion is a crystalline analogue of -adic Tate cycles. In the case of abelian varieties, this class includes all the Hodge cycles by the work of Deligne, Ogus, and Blasius. Ogus predicted that such cycles coincide with Hodge cycles for abelian varieties. We confirm Ogus' conjecture for some classes of abelian varieties, under the assumption that these cycles lie in the Betti cohomology with real coefficients. These classes include abelian varieties of prime dimension that have nontrivial endomorphism ring. The proof uses a crystalline analogue of Faltings' isogeny theorem due to Bost and the known cases of the Mumford–Tate conjecture. We also discuss some strengthenings of the theorem of Bost.


The reliability of new ultrathin oxides grown by high pressure oxidation (HIPOX) has been evaluated in order to use gate insulators for ULSI MOSFETs. From the results of the TDDB characteristics of 75 8, thick HIPOX oxide nitrided at 1100°C for 30 sec, the lifetime of the nitrided- HIPOX oxide at negative constant current stress, -1.0 x Akm' is about 1.2 x 1 O9 sec. Initially, the midgap interface trap density (Dim) of 75 8, thick nitrided-HIPOX oxide is about 2.0 x 10" cm"*eV-' which is comparable to that of control oxide grown by conventional thermal oxidation. The AD,m of the nitrided-HIPOX oxide subjected to the stressing time of 1x1 O4 sec under -0.1 A/cm2 is 1.1 x 10" cm-2*eV'1 which is lower than that (1.5 x 10" cm-'*eV-') of the control oxide under the same stressing condition.


The impact factors of product quality of heavy gas oil hydrotreating unit are analyzed.The results show that the sulfur content in heavy gas oil products increases with increase of sulfur the feedstock oil and feedstock flowrate,and decreases with increase of reaction temperature.When the mass percentage of sulfur in feedstock oil is 1.180% to 1.698%,the sulfur in product heavy gas oil is within the range of 0.142% to 0.182%.When the feed flowrate is 215~240 t/h,the sulfur in product heavy gas oil is 0.176%~0.216%.When the reaction temperature is 330~347 ℃,the mass percentage of sulfur in product heavy gas oil is 0.128%~0.187%.After application of new catalyst FF-24,the improvement is very significant and desulfurization rate is maintained at 8%~90%.


Theoretically and by corresponding numerical simulations it is shown that the formation and localization of sporadic E (Es) layer at its mainly observable mid-latitude lower thermosphere heights can be determined by homogeneous horizontal wind velocity direction and value. In the suggested theory, differently from 'windshear' theory, the wind direction and value, in addition to geomagnetic field and vertically changing ion-neutral collision frequency, determine the minimal negative value of the divergence of heavy metallic ions drift velocity, which in turn causes ion convergence into Es type horizontal thin layer. Here, in the upper heights of the lower thermosphere, the Es layer peak density and thickness are also controlled by ion ambipolar diffusion.    In the lower thermosphere of the northern hemisphere, the Es layer caused by horizontal homogeneous wind can be located at height regions where (1) the ions vertical drift velocity is zero and its divergence is negative (east-northward wind), (2) the ions drift downward (northward and westward wind), which occurs more frequently,  or (3) the ions drift upward  (eastward wind)  and their negative divergences vanish   and  (4) in the case of dominance of southward wind the divergence of ion drift velocity is positive, consequently ion density divergence occurs and Es type layer formation is not expectable. The Es layer density increase and its vertical motion to its expectable location are faster for greater values of the horizontal wind velocity. The possibility of development of the suggested theory for vertically inhomogeneous wind is noted.


Across North America dairy processors are facing financial difficulties, yet a Canadian processor continues to grow through acquisitions of its competitors. This company, Saputo, grew up in a highl...


A method using a modified ASTM El050 impedance tube is shown to provide a non-destructive method to measure the airflow resistance of nacelle components. The results agree with the traditional ASTM C522 test method. Theory is presented for the prediction of the total resistance and reactance of nacelles based on measurable physical parameters. INTRODUCTION As a noise control measure to reduce inlet fan noise of jet engines, the nacelles are often equipped with a thin resistive wire mesh placed over a honeycomb structure. Historically there has been a problem using nondestructive methods, the airflow resistance of repaired or replacement nacelle parts for the purpose of demonstrating OEM compliance. ASTM CS22 is the traditional airflow resistance test method and is destructive since it requires a sample be cut from the specimen and fit into an apparatus where the flow velocity due to a constant pressure drop can be measured. This paper presents a non-destructive test method and summarizes the associated theory to describe the impedance of the nacelle. SPECIMEN DESCRIPTION AND THEORY Typically a nacelle has a honeycomb core with a rigid plate on one side and a perforated plate on the other. This creates a series of resonant cavities as shown in Figure 1. The cavities do not offer resistance but do offer significant reactance associated with the mass of the air volume. The impedance of the cavity, &,", is given by', 1 1 wirn moch J---L impedance tube Tfter ASTM El050 /air-tight sealant Figure 1: Sketch showing the nacelle and the impedance tube. z,,, = 4 cot ((uL)l c) (1) where L is the depth of the cavity, c is the speed of sound and w is angular frequency. The presented resistance and reactance values are normalized to pc. The perforated plate has a hole diameter and spacing such that there is significant open area, typically about 40%, with several holes to each honeycomb cell. There is a small resistive component associated with the shear resistance through the holes. The air mass contained in the holes introduces a reactance that is usually small compared to that of the honeycomb cavity. The impedance of the perforated plate is given by, Z p,,,,r =g%$+i[$+@$], for +($I0 (2) where v is the kinematic viscosity (0.15 in CGS units), err is the fractional open area of the plate and t' is the effective plate thickness which includes end corrections and can be approximated by t'=t+d, where t is the actual plate thickness and d is the hole diameter. Adhering the wire mesh to the perforated plate reduces the effective area of the mesh by a factor of cr,,. Thus, the effective impedance of the wire mesh will by Z, =t3, /or where 8,, is the mesh resistance. The resistance to oscillatory airflow through the bonded mesh will be largely independent of frequency until the thickness of the viscous boundary layer is greater than the width of the effective orifice between adjacent strands. The frequency, ft,, at which the resistance will increase with increasing frequency is given by, I (X4,5> where d, is the effective width of the orifice between strands of wire, N,, is the number of warp strands per unit length, Nwool is the number of woof strands per unit length and oT, is the fraction open area of the mesh given in terms of the diameters of the warp and woof strands, d,, and dwoor, respectively.


Proceeding from the idea that spontaneous gangrene is the result of the presence of vasoconstrictors in the blood, Glebovich performed a series of experiments with the serum of this kind of patients, diluted in Ringer-Lock's fluid, passing it through an isolated rabbit ear by the method of Prof. Kravkov.


EVALUATING YOUR CLIENT I n the ideal world, it always is best to have an evaluation before you prescribe exercise, especially in an individual preparing for a really significant challenge like a half marathon. A well-done test measuring maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), with heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses, and maybe some information about the economy of running, and maybe even blood lactate responses with increasing speed would be really ideal. Even a clinical stress test, although focused on pathology rather than performance, would be useful as it could provide peak exercise capacity and maximal HR (if it's done well). Unfortunately, these are seldom available. Furthermore, in a healthy exerciser, with no symptoms or risk factors, a clinical stress test is not really justified and performance tests are hard to come by. However, even though you don't have laboratory tests on your clients, you can make some pretty good estimates of what they might be able to do based on performance information gathered from a ''fun run'' and their body mass index (BMI). Indeed, most running coaches individualize their training programs this way, using current performance data. Performance data integrate all the aspects of physiology important to running as effectively as do specific laboratory tests. The 5-km fun runwas done in 29:30. Assuming a pretty accurate course, this is equivalent to a pace of 9:30 per mile (which is 169 m per minute because 1 mile = 1,609 m). You can use wellvalidated ACSM equations to estimate the oxygen cost of running . It's better to assume a 1% grade to account for outside conditions). From this, we can


Glasses in the systems MoO3-P2O5-Ag2O and MoO3-P2O5-K2O were investigated and general areas of composition for good glass formation were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Temperature coefficients of electrical resistivity and linear expansion were determined for the glasses along with density, durability, and other thermal characteristics. Resistivity of the glasses was effectively reduced by the addition of Ag2O.


A method of using a phase change recording phase-change optical information recording medium, comprising a light by: a substrate; a first dielectric layer on the substrate; GeSbTe formed on said first dielectric layer with change type optical recording layer, wherein the molar ratio is less than 0.6 Sb:Te; a second dielectric layer on the phase change type optical recording layer; and said first substrate and said second dielectric layer on or in a reflective layer between the dielectric layer; wherein the intermediate layer is also provided a phase-change layer on the first dielectric between the optical recording layer and / or the phase change type optical recording layer and the between the second dielectric layer, said intermediate layer is a single layer of Sb


A 42-year-old female presented with an irreducible paraumbilical ventral hernia of 3-4 cm size with mild tenderness for 20 years. It was apparent that due to its long duration, the skin covering the defect had thinned out. During single port laparoscopy, it was evident that the hernial sac contained incarcerated omentum, which was difficult to remove. Therefore, during dissection, the single port was used for instrument manipulation and the index finger of the non-operating hand was insinuated into the hernial defect from the anterior abdominal wall without damaging the external skin. The finger protruded into the abdominal cavity and could be seen as a protrusion into the abdominal cavity by the laparoscope. It was used to provide counter-traction while dissecting the omentum down into the abdomen. As it was giving excellent tactile sensation of the dissection, it acted as a guard against inadvertent injury to the overlying skin. The omentum was brought down by this method successfully and no remnant tissue was left behind in the sac. After this, the hernia defect was sutured close to reduce the dead space and thereby preventing seroma formation. The index finger was again used as a guide during suturing, thereby preventing the needle to puncture the skin above. A composite mesh of size 15 cm × 10 cm was used to cover the defect by more than 5 cm margin on all sides. Effective surgical therapy for ventral hernias is challenging. Recurrence rates following primary repair range are as high as 25% to 49%. 4 As an alternative, laparoscopic techniques offer potential


With the recent increase of social demand of knowledge on traditional medicine, the construction of database is becoming a pressing matter. The reality is that while the social desire to adapt the high quality knowledge is growing fast, the field of Oriental Medicine has yet to organize its system. The number of Oriental Medical Doctors are limited, and there is no structured means of communication to expand the professional knowledge of these specialists to the public. Accordingly, an effective and structured knowledge system is in great need. In the process of building an Oriental Medicine database, prescription[方劑] and medicines[本草] are first in line. Consequently, we have taken the first step by organizing various methods to build the database containing information such as the formula, ingredients, composition, handling methods of herbal medicine written in traditional medical publications and herbal texts before the Song(宋) dynasty.


Crete in Greece is home to an emerging wine route with more than 50 wineries. This paper is intending to identify the wine cluster. The wine routes in Crete have one distinct cluster, and there is another one in North Greece. The wineries welcome many international visitors along with the uprising numbers of domestic types of tourists. Through the results of a visitor survey at 46 wineries, the paper will illustrate the different markets visiting the wine routes in Crete and suggests possible implications for marketing strategies for this emerging wine route. The paper has identified some ways and means for the future researchers and industry planners for achieving the required success.


In a first step of this contribution, the observed glass transition tempera- ture-composition behavior of miscible blends of poly(styrene-co-N,N-dimethylacryla- mide) (SAD17) containing 17 mol % of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and poly(styrene-co- acrylic acid) (SAA18, SAA27, and SAA32) containing increasing acrylic acid content, are analyzed according to theoretical approaches. Both Kwei and Brostow equations describe well the experimental data though better fits were obtained with the Bros- tow's approach. The specific interactions involved in these systems are a combination of intra and interassociation hydrogen bonding. The positive deviation from the lin- ear mixing rule of Tg-composition observed within the SAA18þSAD17 blend system, indicates that interassociation interactions are prevailing. More pronounced intra- association interactions within the SAA32þSAD17 blend system led to a large nega- tive deviation while a fine balance is established between these two types of interac- tions within the SAA27þSAD17 blend. A thermodynamic analysis was carried out according to the Painter-Coleman association model. The miscibility and phase behavior of SAD17þSAA18 and SAD17þSAA27 blends are well predicted. However, this model predicts a partial miscibility of SAD17þSAA32 system. Finally, the fitting parameter free method developed by Coleman to predict the Tg-composition behavior is applied. This method predicts fairly well the evolution trend of experimental Tgs of the SAA18þSAD17 and SAA27þSAD17 blend systems. However, the compositional dependence of SAA32þSAD17 blend Tg was not predictable by this method. V C 2009


An alternative method for the numerical solution of time‐domain integral equations pertaining to three‐dimensional, transient scattering problems is developed and applied to two representative acoustic scattering configurations. It is based on the iterative minimization of an integrated square error. For the cases considered, the method gives more accurate results than the frequently used ''marching‐on‐in‐time'' method (within comparable computation times).


The partial duplication model with parameters (p, t, t0, Gt0) where p ∈ (0, 1), t, t0 ∈ N, t ≥ t0, and Gt0 is an initial undirected graph is the probability distribution on undirected graphs Gt described by the following recursion: If t = t0, then Gt = Gt0 . Otherwise, select a graph Gt−1 = (Vt−1, Et−1) from the partial duplication model with parameters (p, t − 1, t0, Gt0) and construct Gt, initially equal to Gt−1, as follows.


Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) cavities formed by dielectric structures have attracted intensive interest in various fields. The high-quality factor and smaller mode volume associated with the optical modes have inspired experiments in nonlinear optics, nanophotonics, and quantum information science. Moreover, they are also used in optical biosensors and other significant applications. To further reduce the material loss of the resonator, optical gain materials, such as erbium and ytterbium, are doped into the dielectric structure to increase the nonlinear effect and enhance the interaction between light and matter. Here in this review, we outline the most recent advancements in gain-doped optical WGM microcavities. Moreover, we introduce the dynamics of the gain in WGM resonators, the integration of gain media into WGM microcavities with various shapes, and the fabrication and applications of the gain microcavities. Also, the applications of the gain cavity based on the whispering-gallery mode have been introduced, e.g., ultra-sensitive sensors, low-threshold lasers, and high-performance optical systems.


Abstract : Analysis of the combustion products of plastics was undertaken for three reasons: to provide scientists and engineers with information needed to design incinerators in order to maximize their efficiency while minimizing maintenance and pollution, to identify products of incomplete combustion potentially recoverable for their fuel or crude chemical value; and to identify products of incomplete combustion which would be acutely toxic in an accidental fire. Plastics studied were polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone, polyurethanes, polyimide, Lopac(R), Barex(R), phenol formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyenylene oxide, polyester, synthetic fabrics (Dacron(R), Orlon(R), nylon), and natural products (wood and wool). One- to three-gram samples were heated at a controlled rate from 5 to 50 C/min in the presence of a measured flow of air or air plus oxygen. By this method plastics were never completely combusted to carbon dioxide and water, but rather generated large numbers of gaseous and condensed products. Additional gaseous products included straight-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons through hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, cyanides, ammonia, and oxides of nitrogen. Liquefied fractions produced by most plastics were complex mixtures of 10 to 50 compounds, including heterocyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbons.


This report describes a program for increasing reading test scores. The targeted population consisted of one second-grade, one third-grade, and two fourth-grade classrooms in a growing middle class community located in a far western suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The problem of low reading test scores was documented though the 1995 IGAP scores on which the targeted school scored the lowest of all schools in the district. Analysis of probable cause data revealed: (1) readers lacked quality time spent practicing reading at home and in school with teachers and students; (2) children with high test anxiety had significantly lower scores; (3) since literacy learning is individually developmental and proceeds through a number of predictable stages, developmental lag can occur; (4) students in low socioeconomic communities may demonstrate lower achievement, but can raise it with modifications; (5) how students use their prior knowledge and experience to help them understand text influences what they recall from a test; (6) students are unable to comprehend and connect reading to their life; (7) poor decoding and comprehension skills result in lower test scores; and (8) children are poor test takers. A review of solution strategies suggested by experts, combined with an analysis of the problem setting, resulted in the selection of the following intervention: altering curricula by teaching to the multiple intelligences, creation of portfolios for students and teacher evaluation, and the implementation of student reading logs. Post intervention data indicated an increase in reading test scores. Students also demonstrated the ability to make connections with what they were reading to their own lives. Because students spent more time reading and reflecting on what they had read, comprehension and higher level thinking skills increased. (Contains 41 references and 16 tables of data, which are not sequentially numbered. Appendixes contain survey instruments, lesson plans, assessment forms, checklists, and graphic organizers.) (Author/RS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** IMPROVING READING THROUGH THE USE OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES Paula Albero Ann Brown Susan Eliason Jeanne Wind An Action Research Project Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching and Leadership Saint Xavier University & IRI/Skylight Field-Based Master's Program Chicago, Illinois May,1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) tiThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. T COPY AVA1 E3LE 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ak-kg_k TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


Considering the cost and emergency time in locating emergency establishment,mathematical model of multi-object emergency location problem is proposed.This model with complex constraints is transformed into that with simple constraints by punishment function.Simulated annealing algorithm for this problem is designed in the choice of initial solution,the control of temperature parameter,iterative strategy of feasible solution and termination condition.A numerical example demonstrates the efficiency of this algorithm.


Litter size (LS) at birth and other production traits were recorded for Finnsheep (F), Norwegian (N) breeds Dala (D), Steigar (St) and Spael (Sp), for N sheep crossed with 1/4 F and 1/2 F and for a group of sheep established by collecting offspring of highly prolific N(N +) ewes. The N breeds and the 1/4 F group were part of the national breeding scheme. In the 1/2F and N+, selection was solely for LSB. The other groups were selected normally. There were 4263 lambings. Inadults, there were no breed group differences in lambing-% (mean 94 %), but in 1-yr. olds there were differences: Sp 90 %, F and F-crosses 80—85 %, D 70 %, N + 60 % and St 50 %. F-crosses had clearly the best LS's (F ca. 3.0, 1/2 F 2.4, 1/4 F 2.0). Those of N + decreased through the 5 years recorded from near 2.0 to 1.8 lambs. The other breed groups gave LS's of 1.7—1.8. In the two groups selected for LS, no selection response was found. The reasons are not known. Although the pure F and 1/2 F gave lower weaning weights (34 and 38 kg at 150d.) than the other groups (41 —45 kg), their weaned lamb yield per ewe was ca. 20 kg higher. Considering the poorer carcass quality observed in earlier experiments for these groups, the use of 1/4 F is recommended for Norwegian conditions. This breed group gave no reduction in weaning weight, but increased the LS by some 0.2 lambs. Index words: Finnsheep, Norwegian breeds, litter size, synthetic, lambing-%, weaning weight


e13521 Background: BIBW 2992 is a novel, potent, orally bioavailable irreversible inhibitor of EGFR/HER1 and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinases. In addition, BIBW 2992 displays potent activity in cases of EGFRvIII mutation. Methods: The primary objective of this phase I trial was to determine the MTD of BIBW 2992 given orally as a continuous once-daily dose when combined with PT (regimen A) or PF (regimen B) in patients (ptns) with advanced solid tumors. Doses given in A: BIBW 2992 20 mg → 50 mg combined with 21-day cycles of P 50 mg/m2 → 75 mg/m2 and T 175 mg/m2; and in B: BIBW 2992 20 mg → 50 mg combined with 21-day cycles of P 75 mg/m2 → 100 mg/m2 and 5-FU 750 mg/m2 → 1,000 mg/m2. Results: 47 ptns were treated (median age: 60 years, median ECOG performance status of 1, median lines of prior chemotherapy: 2) with various solid tumors (11 ptns with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract [GI] tumors, 10 ptns with head and neck tumors [H&N], 7 ptns with gynaecological tumors [GYN], 4 ptns with tumors of the geni...


LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -lithium salt systems have been investigated in order to obtain a high lithium ion conductor. The salts acted as binder for sintering. The porosity decreased considerably and the conductivity of the pellets increased by the binder utilization. The maximum conductivity was 3×10 −4 S•cm −1 for the LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -0.2Li 3 BO 3 system. The mixed binder was found to exist as a glassy or a thin coating second phase


We present an analysis of the directionality properties of ambient noise in Arctic regions based on the premise that ambient noise in the sea originates at its surface. Placing conceptual and suitable distributions of acoustic multipole sources at the sea surface, each one emitting sound with its own typical radiation pattern, it was possible to obtain predictions for the directional characteristics of arctic ambient noise, whatever its cause may be. An available theoretical model [R. J. Talham, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 1541–1544 (1964)] and ray‐tracing programs were extended and modified to calculate the sound‐intensity levels reaching a receiver per unit solid angle in the vertical plane for any receiver location. The results are valid for receivers looking toward the sea surface or the bottom, and the effects of a lossy ice surface and a lossy bottom were incorporated into the analysis. The angular distribution of intensity at the receiver is displayed in a variety of graphs for six (deep and shallow) g...


Cognitive radio technology is proposed as a means to achieve real-time spectrum situational awareness (SSA) and signals intelligence (SIGNIT) over a wide spectrum range by designing a cognitive engine that performs machine-learning based hierarchical RF signal identification. This allows the radio to classify and associate a signal using as fewer a number of features as possible. The classification algorithms can be based on any suitably chosen machine-learning algorithm such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or deep learning. The proposed design allows the user to define, and modify, the SSA parameters during field operations. The specific example design proposed in this paper allows these definitions to be based on two levels of signal classification: a broad type of signals such as communications or radar and specific signals within each of these classes. It is shown that not only the proposed cognitive engine design allows realizing a large number of SSA definitions using permutations of the same two stage classifiers, but also the hierarchical approach may outperform dedicated classifiers with similar computational complexity. The design can easily be generalized to handle more than two levels of signal classification.


In this paper we shall prove the following: For every non-trivial σ-product σ, of uncountable number of spaces, having at least two points, σ \ σ n is not pseudonormal. And every non-trivial σ-product is not strongly starcompact.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of an eight week walking program using a pedometer and Heart rate monitor (HRM) for monitoring exercise intensity compared with walking alone on quality of life and General wellbeing (GWB) in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Methods : Forty adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to an eight week supervised program of walking alone (group A) and walking using pedometer and HRM (group B). A suitably designed and validated questionnaire was administered before and after eight weeks of training for all patients to assess the quality of life (ADDQoL-19) and general wellbeing (W-BQ12). Results: At the end of the study quality of life and general wellbeing scores were found markedly improved in both the groups. In group A, a statistically significant reduction was noted for 7 items and in group B a statistically significant reduction was seen in eleven items of quality of life questionnaire. General wellbeing scores was improved in both groups by 26.2% in group A and 28.8% in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Walking using pedometer and heart rate monitor for monitoring the exercise intensity and motivating the patient was found to be better than walking alone in improving quality of life and general wellbeing for Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.


Why Am I Still Thinking about World War II? Post-memory Experience of Sacha Batthyany
Sacha Batthyany found out that in 1945 his aunt hosted a ball during which 180 Jews were shot by her guests. Their mass grave has not been found until today. She also helped many Nazis escape from Hungary. Sacha's family kept these stories secret for years. For Sacha, the discovery of his family's past becomes the beginning of a new life, recognizing the tormenting feeling of guilt as inherited from his ancestors. Can we define the sense of guilt as traumatic? We can certainly try to do it. Yet, trauma assumes different shapes and reveals its huge interpretative potential.


The paper considers a new approach to the supervision and control of the manufacturing processes. It treats supervision and control of the manufacturing systems as a problem of discrete status, operating conditions and events of dynamic objects recognition. The software of computer aided systems for the manufacturing systems supervision includes tools for output signals clustering, dynamic models of discrete status identification, parameters of dynamic models for each status estimation, observable realisation classification and decision making. A method of diagnostics of the electric engine status based on the analysis of process realisation that takes place in the engine is described.


We propose an enhanced iterative interference cancellation (IIC) scheme for single carrier frequency domain equalization without cyclic prefix extension. By reduction of error propagation, our scheme significantly improves BER performance, especially under mobile channel conditions whilst keeping the computational complexity low for efficient implementation. The latter is achieved by explicitly excluding channel decoding in the IIC loop and applying the equalization step completely in the frequency domain. We evaluate the enhanced IIC for fast Rayleigh fading channels and use the FFT block size as a design factor to reduce Doppler induced inter-carrier interference. The above considerations allow for a competitive trade-off between performance and computational complexity.


Each territory has distinctive features and landscape compositions that contribute to the creation of territorial identities. Natural parks are territories remarkable for their wealth of biodiversity, which in turn contribute to the development of sustainable socio-economic development through landscape enhancement. The main idea of this research is to test the combinaison of two concepts to propose a suitable management in a semi-arid environment. It is based on the use of the ESAs and landscape diagnosis concepts. The concept of ESAs is supported including the need to identify environnementally sensitive lands based on the hypotheses of MEDALUS project model. However, the landscape diagnosis is based on the combination of landscape potential and social requirements. Results aimed to create ecological and environmental models based on natural materials such as wood, light minerals and a diversified and multicoloured plant palette, including the logic of working with nature and preserving its particularity by promoting sustainable local development criteria and create a new green city.


This paper focuses on formulating the problem , namely , (1) the author of the most widely cited by students of Library and Information Science Archives . (2) library materials most widely cited by students of Library and Information Science Archives . (3) the subject of the most written by students of Library and Information Science Archives . This research method is descriptive in this study illustrate the types of literature and the literature cited dominant . This study uses the entire population Prodi Final IIPK years 2010-2012 a total of 147 papers . Data collection methods used in this research is a method of citation analysis . In this study, the data used is citation citation contained in the bibliography of each paper , which will be created for the table . Based on the data analysis we can conclude (1) the author of the most widely cited is Sulistyo - basuki the number of citations 147 pieces were taken first rank . (2) library materials are frequently cited by the number of books a student is 1,708 pieces citation needed in the first rank . (3) on the subject of the most widely cited is the processing of library materials by the number of citations 29 pieces are in the first rank are written by students Prodi IIPK.


This paper presents the design of a great capacity, high-speed digital signal source based on PCI bus of personal computer. It has good compatibility and can be easily operated because of the friendly graphical user interface based on Win95/98. As a result of the flexible structure, it is easy to be developed economically. It is successfully applied in the integration of the SAR real-time imaging system.


1. Leveraging information technology for science.- 2. Characteristics of scientific knowledge infrastructures.- 3. Structure of scientific knowledge.- 4. Implications.- References.


3 Abstract: VLSI circuit design consuming low power become necessary for present technologies. one way of reducing dynamic power consumption in a CMOS circuit is to reduce the number of switching activity. In fact, self-switching and coupling switching activity is responsible for link power dissipation. The aim of low power data encoder is to transmit the data on the bus with reduced switching activity. In this paper the improved form of bus invert coding is implemented which is based on odd line and even line invert condition. Odd and even line conditions are used to minimize the unwanted transitions on the data path which provides better results in terms of power dissipation and switching activity when compared to traditional bus-invert method.


The active, yet energetically inefficient electron transport chain of the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis could be used in metabolic engineering for redox-balancing purposes during synthesis of certain products. Although several reconstructions of Z. mobilis metabolism have been published, important aspects of redox balance and aerobic catabolism have not previously been considered. Here, annotated genome sequences and metabolic reconstructions have been combined with existing biochemical evidence to yield a medium-scale model of Z. mobilis central metabolism in the form of COBRA Toolbox model files for flux balance analysis (FBA). The stoichiometric analysis presented here suggests the feasibility of several metabolic engineering strategies for obtaining high-value products, such as


Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a pathogen related to the development of liver diseases including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficient methods to suppress HBV replication have not been developed yet. Therefore, we have used RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential tool for the suppression of HBV replication. Here, we designed a 21 nt small intefering dsRNA (siRNA) against hepatitis B virus X (HBx) RNA with 3' overhanging ends derived from T7 promoter. It has been reported that HBV X protein plays an important role in HBV gene expression and viral replication. The suppression of HBx gene expression by the 21 nt siRNA was investigated by Northern blot analysis and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assay. The level of HBx mRNA was decreased by siRNA in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that the 21 nt siRNA inhibited the HBV replication in hepatocellular carcinoma cell.


By working with simplified rainbow geometries, the holographic artist can be freed from many of the medium's technical constraints. This freedom has allowed the author to produce a series of monotype works, including large-scale pieces, with rainbows mixed from spectrally pure colors to pastel tones. The imagery, combining shadowgram, photogram, found object and text, renders a non-linear narrative emphasizing the privacy of the act of perception.


Radar evaluation is perhaps one of the most exhaustive, complex, and challenging types of testing that the flight test engineer will encounter. As with all other avionics and weapons systems, it is imperative that the evaluator possess a basic knowledge of radar and an in-depth knowledge of the system under test. For the tester who is new to radar, I recommend that you start with Stimson's Introduction to Airborne Radar, 3rd Edition (Raleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing, 2014). This is a wonderful book, an easy read, and a must reference for the radar engineer. A companion text is Merrill I. Skolnik's Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002). This book is more of the textbook that you have seen in your college or university, but it gives an excellent treatment of clutter and detections at sea. Another reference is one given in previous chapters: the NATO Aerospace Group for Avionics Research and Development (AGARD), now called the NATO Research and Technology Organization. They have two excellent guides: RTO-AG-300, volume 16, Introduction to Airborne Early Warning Radar Flight Test, and basic radar flight testing information is contained in AGARD's Introduction to Avionics Flight Test. Attendance in a radar and radar flight test course is also highly recommended. The purpose of this section is not to repeat what is contained in the aforementioned references. Radar theory is covered only to make the test procedures understandable. The section will review radar fundamentals, identify radar modes of operation, examine the methods of test for these modes, and address any special test considerations.


BACKGROUND
The spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) affords protection from the lethality of septic (lipopolysaccharide) shock. We hypothesized that PBN may work through down-regulation of the sepsis-induced cytokine cascade.

METHODS
C3H/HEN mice received 30 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide 15 minutes after pretreatment with PBN or vehicle. Animals were monitored for differences in behavior, histopathologic studies, survival, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after lipopolysaccharide. Northern blot analyses of TNF, IFN-gamma, c-fos, and IL-6 transcripts were also performed.

RESULTS
Seventy-two-hour survival was significantly higher in the PBN-treated (59/60) compared with the saline-treated animals (13/60; p2 less than 0.005), and the PBN group exhibited a blunted endotoxemic response. TNF levels were significantly lower in the PBN-treated animals at 1 to 6 hours, whereas IFN-gamma levels were depressed at 8 hours. PBN down-regulated TNF transcription at 30 minutes, with maximum lowering of all cytokine transcripts at 6 hours. PBN depressed c-fos transcription within 15 minutes of lipopolysaccharide injection.

CONCLUSIONS
Spin trap protection from endotoxemia may be related to interruption of the cytokine network, with profound effects on transcription and protein elaboration. Such compounds may prove useful in not only sepsis but also other cytokine-free radical-related pathophysiologic alterations.


Voice communication is an important need in daily activities whether delivered with or without technology. Telecommunication technology has accommodated this need by providing a wide range of infrastructure, including large varieties of devices used as intermediary and end devices. One of the cellular technologies that is very widely used by the public is GSM (Global System for Mobile), while in the military, trunked radio is still popular. However, the security systems of GSM and trunked radio have limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a platform to secure voice data over wireless mobile communication by providing end-to-end encryption. This platform is robust to noise, real-time and remains secure. The proposed encryption utilizes multicircular permutations rotated by expanded keys as dynamic keys to scramble the data. We carry out simulations and testbed implementation to prove that application of the proposed method is feasible.


The release rates of soil K under various successive extractions were evaluated by second order kinetic equation and the relationship between the rates and K availability was investigated by the experiment of pot exhaustion. The second order equation could well describe K release from the soil studied. The initial releasing rates of soil K were significantly correlated with the contents of soil available K, biomass of ryegrass, and total K absorbed by the ryegrass. The correlation coefficients evaluated by 2 mol L-1 extraction were higher than those by H-resin extraction. Moreover, the availability of soil K could be well described by the release rates from 0 to 8h, being more favorable by those from 0 to 2h.