Noise distortions introduced in natural images generally break the initial probability distributions by dispersing image pixels randomly. We found that there exists a big difference between the distributions of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coefficients of natural images and noisy images: (1) for natural images, their distributions are sharp with high peaked ness and slight tail, (2) for noisy images, the shapes are much flatter with lower peaked ness and heavier tail. Kurtosis is able to measure and differentiate the probability distributions of noisy images with various noise levels. Moreover, the kurtosis values of DWT coefficients are stable for varying frequency filters. In this paper, we propose a Blind Noisy Image Quality Assessment model using Kurtosis (BNIQAK). Five types of noisy images in the three biggest databases are taken for testing BNIQAK. Experimental results show that BNIQAK has better evaluation performance compared with existing blind noisy models, as well as some general blind and full-reference (FR) methods.


2005;127;2294 Chest Barnes G. E. Carpagnano, M. P. Foschino-Barbaro, O. Resta and Peter J. Complications in Sleep Apnea Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/127/6/2294.1.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2005by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest


Cost estimation of changes to software systems is often inaccurate and implementation of changes is time consuming, cost intensive, and error prone. One reason for these problems is that relationships between documentation entities (e.g., between different requirements) are not documented at all or only incompletely. In this paper, we describe a constructive approach to support later changes to software systems. Our approach consists of a traceability technique and a supporting tool environment. The tracing approach describes which traces should be established in which way. The proposed tool environment supports the application of the guidelines in a concrete development context. The tool environment integrates two existing tools: a requirements management tool (i.e., RequisitePro) and a CASE tool (i.e., Rhapsody). Our approach allows traces to be established, analyzed, and maintained effectively and efficiently.


Did India snatch defeat from the jaws of victory during its Prime Minister's first visit to Bangladesh in 12 long years? Did Manmohan Singh squander a historic chance to make a decisive break with…


Adaptive neurofuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) represent an efficient technique for the solution of function approximation problems. When numerical samples are available in this regard, the synthesis of ANFIS networks can be carried out exploiting clustering algorithms. Starting from a hyperplane clustering synthesis in the joint input-output space, a computationally efficient optimization of ANFIS networks is proposed in this paper. It is based on a hierarchical constructive procedure, by which the number of rules is progressively increased and the optimal one is automatically determined on the basis of learning theory in order to maximize the generalization capability of the resulting ANFIS network. Extensive computer simulations prove the validity of the proposed algorithm and show a favorable comparison with other well-established techniques.


Citrus orchards in Misiones are affected by decline diseases such as citrus blight and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) which have been associated with xylem-inhabiting bacteria. Five orchards with declining trees were surveyed from June 1984 to June 1986 for the presence of sharpshooters and related insects using yellow sticky traps. The most common species encountered were Molomea consolida, Oncometopia facialis, Scoposcartulla oculata, Acrogoniasp., Scaphytopiusnear bolivianus, Sonesimia grossa, and Ceresa ustulata. Populations of most species peaked in the summer months and were lower at other times of the year. There were differences in populations of some species among the individual orchards. Although none of these species are proven vectors of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of CVC, the high populations and diversity of sharpshooters present indicate that there is potential for spread of this bacterium in citrus in Misiones. Index words. blight, citrus variegated chlorosis. The citrus industry of Misiones, Argentina has suffered severe losses due to decline diseases. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, most plantings, which consisted primarily of Calderon sweet orange on trifoliate orange rootstock, were eliminated by an unknown decline disease (15). Subsequently, many orchards were replaced with trees on rough lemon, citranges, and other rootstocks. Many of the declining trees were found to be affected by citrus blight as determined by low water uptake in trunk xylem, high zinc concentrations in trunk wood, and the presence of amorphous plugs in the xylem (2, 16). However, the disease syndrome described previously (15) included "fruta bolita," the production of small, hard fruit which is more characteristic of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) described recently in Brazil (7, 14) than of citrus blight. The cause of blight is unknown, but Xylella fastidiosa has been isolated from sharpshooters fed on blight-affected trees in Florida (4), and some of the symptoms have been reproduced by inoculation of citrus trees with this bacterium (5). Xylella fastidiosa is associated with CVC (14). Symptoms *Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-02920. similar to those of CVC have been found in Misiones and are also associated with a xylem-limited bacterium (1). Sharpshooter species (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) are known vectors of X. fastidiosa (13). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, seasonal occurrence and identity of sharpshooters, other related leafhoppers, and membracids encountered in citrus orchards in Misiones. MATERIALS AND METHODS All orchards surveyed were located in the Montecarlo-Eldorado area, the most important citrus-growing area of Misiones. The orchards selected were: 1) Schwarz-Calderon sweet orange on trifoliate orange rootstock; 2) LibuskyCalderon sweet orange on trifoliate sweet orange; 3) Laharraque-Valencia sweet orange on 20 different rootstocks; 4) La Fundadora-Valencia and Westin sweet orange on six different rootstocks; 5) Jontza-Valencia sweet orange on rough lemon rootstock. The first four sites had many trees affected by declines, whereas the fifth was free of the problem. Yellow sticky traps were used to sample sharpshooter populations as described previously (18). On each sample date, 20 traps were hung in each orchard on the southeast side of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis tree about 1.5 m above the ground. Traps were placed in two rows on every third tree. Traps were exposed for about 10 days, removed, and the sharpshooters counted. Bimonthly surveys from all sites were made from June 1984 to June 1986. Samples for identification were stored in 70% ethanol. Most identifications were based on the work of Young (19).


Background/Objectives: The purpose of this research is to develop the scales for measuring youth activities. For this, this research was conducted to the youth participating in the Korea Achievement Award. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Total 9 constructs were conceptualized by an integrated exploration from the discussion and the agreement process of an experts' and advisory meeting. The primary and the Secondary preliminary surveys were carried out, finally 32 questions were used for the main survey. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, which consist of the convergent validity and the discriminant validity, were conducted to complete the development of the scale. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/


Abstract Evidence from a number of investigations suggests a considerable overlap between reading disability (RD) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigate the relationship between RD and ADHD in a cohort of 186 children 7.5–9.5 years of age, recruited explicitly to address classification and definitional issues in these disorders. Using multivariate methods, we examine the hypothesis that RD and ADHD represent separate diagnostic entities that frequently co-occur in the same individual. The results suggest that RD is characterized by deficits within the language system, in particular a subcomponent within that system, phonological processing; in contrast, such linguistic deficits are not characteristic of ADHD unless ADHD is associated with RD. When children with both RD and ADHD are examined, both the linguistic deficits associated with RD and the behavioral characteristics associated with ADHD are apparent, but these deficits are not synergistic. We conclude that RD and ADHD r...


A 72-year-old woman presents with a four-day history of an enlarging blister on her foot. She does not recall trauma to the area. The patient has a history of poorly controlled congestive heart failure.


http://ctj.sagepub.com/content/11/3/300 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/1740774514521907 2014 11: 300 originally published online 6 March 2014 Clin Trials Ian M Harvey, Luke D Vale and for the DELTA group Jonathan A Cook, Jennifer M Hislop, Doug G Altman, Andrew H Briggs, Peter M Fayers, John D Norrie, Craig R Ramsay, calculations: Two surveys of trialists' practice Use of methods for specifying the target difference in randomised controlled trial sample size


This research is motivated by the low of IPS study a result of fourth graders of SDN 14 Siguntur Muda Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan. The purpose of the study was to describe the improvement of students' IPS learning outcomes with the Learning Starts With A Question Model. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is implemented in two cycles. The data source is the fourth grader of 17 students. The instruments used are students 'affective field assessment sheets, teacher activity sheets and students' comprehension tests. Based on the results of the analysis of the affective domain of students is to write questions and make summaries. Percentage of writing questions and making a summary of each cycle has increased. From the data obtained can be concluded that there is an increase of learning outcomes IPS fourth-grade students SDN 14 Siguntur Muda District Koto XI Tarusan after using Learning Starts With A Question model.


A map revision scheme for the scale of 1 ∶ 50 000 was proposed based on the fused images from the Civilian Stereo Satellite. Firstly, the fused orthoimages of test area were produced from the civilian stereo satellite image. And then, the Mapstore software was used to revise map based on the fused orthoimages. The revise maps were obtained by visual interpretation, interactive operation and edition. The results show that the proposed scheme is reasonable and feasible. The civilian stereo satellite images are verified to meet requirements of map revision for the scale of 1 ∶ 50 000 in measuring accuracy.


In this research work, a four-dimensional tumor-immune response model is considered. The considered tumor model is a system of four differential equations consisting of four different cell populations (variables): the tumor cells (TCs), effector cells (ECs), helper tumor cells (HTCs), and Tregs. The interaction among these cell populations is represented by the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The solution of the system is obtained by using the differential transformation method (DTM). DTM is a straightforward method and gives the series solution of the system. Numerical simulation and graphical analysis are also done by choosing four different initial conditions of the system. The solution series of a system for four different cases are obtained and finally compared with each other. The analysis shows that the model behavior is Chaotically dependent on initial conditions.


In the process of mining under broken rock mass environment,the stability of structure of surrounding rock-mass will be directly influenced due to stress and deformation evolution.Based on the monitoring instrument of surrounding stress,acoustic emission (AE) and borehole-peer,the deformation and stress characteristics are comprehensively analyzed under the fractured surrounding rock mass.Finally,using theoretical calculation and in-situ test,the loose scope and plastic zone were confirmed quantitatively.All these can provide basis for safe mining.


In contrast to the traditional electricity system, the smart grid utilises a large-scale two-way communication network between power plants, transmission network sensors, and end-users to improve efficiency. Such an intelligent system's monitoring and control rely on computer-based automation. On the other hand, with the rise of innovations in networked energy services, the grid's vulnerability also increases. The paper presents an overview of emerging cyber threats, known weaknesses, and advanced techniques to detect security events. It grants scholars and practitioners a better grasp of the current smart grid cybersecurity concerns to ensure its reliability, productivity, and sustainability.


Disclosed are a method and a device for offering a packet data service during to a handover of a user terminal from one radio network controller to another. To avoid the loss of data during SRNS relocation, there is provided a method for checking the validity of the next expected receive PDCP sequence number sent from a receiver PDCP layer with the send PDCP sequence number of the first transmitted but not yet acknowledged PDCP SDU and the send PDCP sequence number first unsent PDCP SDU of the sender PDCP layer. A PDCP protocol structure is reconstructed to support a lossless SRNS relocation in the packet service domain, and control information and operational procedure therefore are newly defined. As a result, the lossless SRNS relocation is achieved in the packet service domain and the mobility of data communication is ensured.


The world is currently in an era of great turmoil, from the increase in sudden changes such as industrial accidents and terrorist threats to the global spread of the COVID-19, thus showing that the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity characteristic of the market environment has become a norm. The personal traits and abilities of the entrepreneur determine the survival and success or failure of the company, and it is only by choosing a more appropriate leadership style according to the time and the right changes that one can seek opportunities in the crisis. Leadership style affects the work atmosphere and morale of the entire organization, and plays an important role in work performance, and how to use leadership theory to improve employee performance is attracting more and more attention from scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, based on a review of related studies at home and abroad, and from the perspectives of social exchange theory, upper echelons theory and leadership-member exchange theory, the mechanisms and relationships between transformational leadership and employee performance are organized based on a review of the conceptual structure, influencing factors and mechanisms of action of related concepts. At the same time, the more complex influence relationship between the two is also sorted out to reveal the impact path of transformational leadership on employee performance. In addition, we summarize the shortcomings of the existing research results and propose the future outlook, so as to provide some reference value for future scholars who study transformational leadership and employee performance.


This paper introduces the blasting mechanism one hole by another,and the net parameter of the hole which is cou- pled to the blasting mechanism.By the comparison of techno-economy,it illustrates the function of blasting one hole by another for improving blasting quality and reducing the blasting costs.


eluded in the exhibition, are commented upon and the general impression is rendered that these are the products of a highly sophisticated technology and of aesthetic sensibilities which are—if anything—even more refined. The political and cultural history of the Eastern Javanese Period is a mite more secure, but the artistic accomplishments of the age were never so towering and magnificent as those of the previous era. Fontein commendably refrains from drawing parallels which might disparage the later art and prefers to point out shifts in modes that demonstrate new moods and a change in national vision. The large portraits of deified nobility, in which genre the sculptors of Eastern Java excelled, are represented by the stone carving of Queen Suhita. But the bulk of the objects discussed are decidedly minor works of art : hanging lamps, bowls and other vessels, processional-poletops, bells, grave fittings, jewelry. Less exalted in character, say, than a buddha from Borobudur in its baroque stillness, the florid, vivacious, even impish, forms of these articles betray responses to the dynamic of life that are at once, intimate, incidental and vital. The catalogue entries were, written by Dr. Fontein and Mme. Satyawati Suleiman. In them, each object is described, with varying completeness of detail, and, where relevant, references are made to previous publication. In most cases, other data bearing upon the meaning of the object described are included in the entry. The black-and-white illustrations are, by and large, clear and legible, though not always attractive; the four color plates give a better view of what those objects might look like in the flesh.


Seven novel [1-(1-benzyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester and their derivatives (5a-g) have been synthesized through cyclization from the intermediate, (1-prop-2-ynyl1H-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (3) by using (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (1) and 3-bromo-propyne (2) as raw materials. The chemical structures of these compounds have been established by IR, 1 H, 13 C-NMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were used to find their ability towards antibacterial activity.


economic and political patterns, and land use between regions and micro-regions.7 This book will be of interest to those who wish to explore geographic regions beyond the Mediterranean in Late Antiquity. Its emphasis on the importance of large estates, hugely rich land owners, commercial enterprise to aristocratic wealth, and the complexities of the transition to the Middle Ages in opposition to a simplistic catastrophist model are all themes with which current scholars of Late Antiquity will be familiar and largely in agreement. The bibliography and theoretical frameworks are, however, largely superseded by recent work.


Summary Meshless methods have shown advantages in dealing with problems of moving interfaces such as crack propagation in rock. In Tongji University, meshless methods, the meshless Shepard and least squares (MSLS) method and the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method have been applied to slope stability analysis, especially for rock slope stability governed by a number of dominating discontinuities. Previous studies have focused on 2D problems where a joint surface is modelled as a crack line [1]. In this paper, the EFG method is extended for analyzing 3D rock slope with a single planner elliptic joint. Due to the increasing complexity in geometric description of joint surface in 3D, level set functions are utilized to describe the curved joint front and to capture the joint propagation [2]. Preliminary testing results are presented showing the performance of the proposed method. Remaining issues to be addressed in further studies are discussed, namely, the use of level sets for intersecting joints and the construction of meshless approximation for cohesive zone ahead of joint front.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment. Electro-stimulation device of an additional motor zone, the premotor and/or subthalamic nucleus through the ear muscles contains electrodes, which send and receive electrical signals, control unit, ground electrode. Control unit generates stimulating signals with a frequency of 2-200 Hz to reduce dormancy activity, such as tremor. Electrodes are designed to be attached to the inner ear muscles, such as the large muscle of helix, small muscle of helix, muscle of tragus, muscle of antitragus, to provide a stimulating contact to stimulate an additional motor zone, premotor zone and/or subthalamic nucleus. Device further comprises a sensory unit for receiving data from the patient. Sensor unit uses electrodes to receive signals passing through the muscles, to which these electrodes are attached to determine the intensity of the perturbation signals by measuring signals, passing through the muscles during the rest period. Stimulation signal is corrected after measuring the levels of the perturbation signals so that it can compensate these disturbance signals. EFFECT: change in the intensity of electrical stimulation along with the tremor intensity is achieved. 22 cl, 2 dwg


The purpose of this paper is to explore why students decide to enrol in a business postgraduate programme at Damascus University in the current Syrian crisis.,Exploration of students' motives was generated in this study using semi-structured interviews. On the basis of saturation sampling, 11 interviews took place in the leading Syrian university providing postgraduate programmes, Damascus University.,The results from the interviews indicate the existence of six different motives for students to enrol in a postgraduate study: self-motives, professional motives, social motives, academic motives, lack of vision, and delaying military service, which is directly caused by the current war conditions in Syria.,Understanding postgraduates' motives is essential at the national level, the institutional level, and also at the individual level to make better future plans related to opening new programmes or altering admission criteria. Recommendations to higher education policy makers are highlighted in the study.,The majority of previous studies concentrate on students' motives to pursue postgraduate studies during financial crisis. However, very little is known on why students decide to enrol in a business postgraduate programme in a war context.


This contribution provides an overview of the current state of affairs with respect to the Dutch version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). We describe properties of the Dutch MAIN, the creation of the Dutch MAIN, and the results of recent research with this new instrument to measure narrative competence.


Based on the planning and logistics analysis of SLP techniques in logistics facilities,a workshop at GL Company is re-planned and designed to ensure smooth workshop logistics,which minimizes transport route,shortens production cycle and lowers production costs.This study has some implications for workshop layout design.


Atherosclerosis is associated with white matter lesions and brain atrophy. While atherosclerosis has been studied extensively in mice, there is only little information on the neuropathological changes. It is also unknown whether atherosclerosis plays a role in the development of neuropathological changes. We therefore compared the volume of the whole brain and six anatomical brain structures in one year old ApoE-/versus C57Bl/6 mice and in one year old ApoE*3L.CETP mice on high-cholesterol diet (HCD) versus chow diet using MRI and performed histological analysis of the brains. Aged ApoE-/mice showed an increased cerebellar volume and decreased volume of the (hypo)thalamus compared to C57Bl/6 mice. Tight junction marker claudin-5 was decreased in the cortex and hippocampus, coinciding with increased blood-brain barrier leakage and decreased white matter myelin basic protein. Microglial activation was absent. Although ApoE*3L.CETP mice on HCD had severe aortic atherosclerotic lesions, brain volumes, tight junctions, blood-brain barrier leakage and Iba-1 expression were not different from ApoE*3L.CETP mice on chow. The discrepancy in the presence of microvascular changes between the severe atherosclerotic ApoE-/and ApoE*3L.CETP models could indicate a more significant role for the lack of the ApoE gene on cerebral microvascular changes in ApoE-/mice compared to the effect of atherosclerosis. Bink DB Proefschrift 160218.indd 126 10-05-16 16:35


A study was conducted to explore how cruise employee's perceptions of cultural values are related to their Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. The findings of the study are highlighted, with the surprising one being that perceptions of bureaucracy are positively related to organizational commitment.


Person-organization fit became the focus of the organization culture research. Many researchers found that the higher the person-organization fit,the more organizational commitment and job satisfaction,the more trust towards management the employees have.The Chinese traditional culture affected employees' values deeply. So we explored the Chinese Person-organization fit questionnaire.Through exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),the results showed that the P-O fits are composed of eight dimensions that are named customer orientation,society responsibility,innovation,seeking success from changing,striving for the excellence,pragmatism,balance,harmony and righteousness. The P-O fit of deferent dimension had significant power on forecasting organizational commitment,job satisfaction,organization citizen behavior and turnover intention.The study also found that the questionnaire had suitable reliability and high validity.


In 2014 the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) described the Ebola outbreak then ongoing in West Africa as 'a threat to international peace and security' (Resolution 2177). It was the first time a disease outbreak of natural origin had attracted language ordinarily applied to political violence. This article assesses the significance of Resolution 2177 as an instrument of health governance, with particular regard to the Council's primary aim in the resolution: to bring about the lifting of state-imposed bans on travel to and from West Africa. As travel bans were arguably a harmful move to securitize a disease at the national level, the UNSC's response might at first appear to have been an international-level attempt to remove Ebola from the realm of security policy for the sake of public health. However, the use of threat language in Resolution 2177, and the rapid mobilization of disease-control resources by some governments represented on the Council, suggests that some kind of security logic was driving the international response to Ebola. It was not the logic of securitization which some other governments, intent upon using borders as barriers to contagion, were apparently applying. Rather, to counteract this, the UNSC appears to have acted according to the security logic of governmentality whereby the health of populations (within and beyond West Africa) would be secured by facilitating cross-border circulation of people with medical expertise. The Council's contribution to health governance on this occasion was to support a shift in security logic: from securitization to securing circulation.


Owing to global trends, automation with the fourth industrial revolution, and environmentally friendly policies owing to certified emission reduction, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is attracting attention in various industrial fields. In addition, the demands of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and magnesium alloys are attracting attention from industries that require lightweight, large, and complex metallic parts that can be fabricated through WAAM. In this study, additive manufacturing (AM), WAAM, and current issues on the WAAM of non-fer-rous metals particularly aluminum and magnesium alloys are discussed


Devices made from gallium arsenide (GaAs) have been grown on silicon for the first time following a breakthrough at Motorola Labs in the US. Following successful trials by the wafer manufacturer IQE at Cardiff in the UK, scientists at Motorola are optimistic that the advance could lead to cheaper and faster optical communications and microelectronics.


Background: Eating disturbances are frequent in bipolar disorder and are associated with poor outcome. Our objective is to assess the psychometric properties of a specific scale for the evaluation of eating disturbances in bipolar patients. Sampling and Methods: Validation study of 2 groups with a 6-month follow-up (90 patients diagnosed with bipolar and eating disturbances and 40 healthy controls). Results: The scale showed: (1) adequate feasibility (non- response <2.5%); (2) adequate reliability (Cronbach's α coefficients = 0.79 and 0.57 in groups A and B; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79 in group A); (3) adequate discriminant validity between patients and controls [AUC = 0.85; moderate correlations with the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (r = 0.32–0.64); low correlations with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 (r < 0.3)]; (4) adequate sensitivity to changes. Conclusions: The Barcelona Bipolar Eating Disorder Scale showed adequate psychometric properties to assess eating disturbances in bipolar patients in clinical practice and research.


This chapter examines word order variation and change in the high CP-domain of Hungarian embedded clauses containing the finite subordinating C head hogy 'that'. It is argued that the complementizer hogy developed from an operator of the same morphophonological form, meaning 'how', and that its grammaticalization path develops in two steps. In addition to the change from an operator, located in a specifier, into a C head (specifier-to-head reanalysis), the fully grammaticalized complementizer hogy also changed its relative position on the CP-periphery, ultimately occupying the higher of two C head positions (upward reanalysis). Other complementizers that could co-occur with hogy in Old Hungarian eventually underwent similar reanalysis processes. Hence the possibility of accommodating two separate C heads in the left periphery was lost and variation in the relative position of complementizers was replaced by a fixed order.


PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this clinical prospective study is to better assess the efficacy of intramuscular injections of botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of spastic dynamic equinus deformities in children with cerebral palsy.

MATERIAL
Ten walking children (14 feet) with cerebral palsy were treated with botulinum-A toxin (the American type, Botox) for spastic dynamic equinus, equinovalgus or equinovarus deformity of the foot. The mean age was 6 years (range 4 to 12 years of age).

METHOD
Two units of botulinum-A toxin per kilogram were injected in each involved extremity: the lateral and medial gastrocnemius were injected in equinus or equinovalgus foot and one more injection was done in the tibialis posterior in equinovarus foot. A clinical assessment (based on opinion of caretakers, functional evaluation of gait, detailed orthopaedic clinical evaluation and video of the gait) and a gait analysis were performed prior to the first injections and then at 1, 3 and 6 months afterwards.

RESULTS
All patients showed a clinical improvement. The functional possibilities increased in 6 out of the 10 children. Five children showed a better endurance in their walking capacities. The clinical orthopaedic exam showed improvement for 10 out of the 14 injected feet in passive dorsiflexion from 3 to 15 degrees at one month. Twelve feet improved their score on the Physician Rating Scale from 1 to 4 points. For gait analysis, 6 children (8 feet) had an improvement often minor of their curves in terms of improvement of the dorsal flexion of the ankle and the EMG of the gastrocnemius was improved in terms of decrease of spastic activity in 7 children (10 feet). The response to the injections was seen within 10 days (3 to 10 days) and lasted 3 to 6 months except in one child where it stopped already after 1 month. No side effect was noted.

DISCUSSION
All ten patients of our study showed some type of improvement even if only minor or limited in time in some of them. These data corroborate previous studies performed by other authors. Since this study, the recommended dosage has greatly increased (from 2 U/kg up to 10 U/kg or even more). The most interesting new element is that we noted that it seems to increase the endurance of the patient regarding walking distance.

CONCLUSION
The intramuscular injection of botulinum-A toxin in spastic dynamic equinus deformities in children with cerebral palsy is an useful treatment modality, but the indications have to be respected scrupulously. The subject needs more study with the higher dosage and clinical evaluation to confirm the possible increased endurance.


In the title compound, [Cu(NO3)2(C14H36N6)](NO3)2·4H2O, the CuII atom, lying on an inversion center, is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by four N atoms from a centrosymmetric 14-membered tetraazacyclotetradecane macrocyclic ligand and two O atoms from two nitrate anions. The supramolecular network is consolidated by extensive O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions.


Objective To investiigate the clinical value of ultrasonically activated scalpel(UAS)in radical resection of gastric carcinoma.Methods 98 cases undergoing radical resection of gastric carcinoma during April.2006 to March 2007 in the Department of General Surgery of were enrolled and their clinical data were analyzed.They were divided into two groups randomly before operation.Results The mean operative time compared with the conventional operation was shorter than the number of harvested lymph nodes in patients treated with ultracision harmonic scalpel.The application of ultracision harmonic scalpel could shorten the operation time,decrease the intraoperative blood loss and make the operation field clear.There were no postoperative complications,such as anastomotic leakage,lymphatic leakage and massive hemorrhage.And there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion The usage of ultracision harmonic scalpel which is safe in curative gastrectomy for patients with gastric carcinoma.


Backed by major IT vendors, Web services have received wide attention during the past years in which the basic set of standards was agreed upon, middleware products were designed, and the concept was intensely marketed. Technically, Web services promise to facilitate the integration of distributed systems within and across the boundaries of an organization by using standards from the Web environment such as HTTP and XML as a basis for the interaction between applications. They provide additional mechanisms to describe and publish interfaces to interacting applications forming simple and composite Web services based on expressive description languages. From a business point of view, Web services bear the potential to increase strongly the use of online services from outside an organization in a dynamic way, which used to be implemented within a company or have not been available at low cost. This potential opens the path to cost savings on the one hand and new business opportunities for service providers on the other hand. Now, with the basic technology in place and the deployment starting beyond the early adopters and simple solutions, we want to use the focus area of this edition of Electronic Markets to revisit the current state of the art, investigate current issues in building and using Web services, and discuss future developments – from a technology point of view but also in particular from its impact on doing business online.


The Waikato Regional Public Health Unit (New Zealand) collects and maintains a database of notified health events that includes communicable diseases. This database can be used by health protection officers to identify problem areas that have unusually high incidences of events. Resources can then be targeted and officers can respond accordingly. However, for this data to be useful it needs to be represented as a rate of health events per 100,000 people. This paper investigates the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to visualize and represent these data. Standard vector representations that use census area units are compared with raster representations that use focal neighbourhood functions. The two techniques produce rates of health events that differ by up to 100 per cent for a given location and scale. The vector technique is the standard approach and is easily understood. The raster technique enables more control over the scale of analysis and can provide a more spatially accurate representation of health events. If two techniques can produce such large differences in analysis results, it is important that health protection officers and epidemiologists give special consideration to the representation technique used.


A mixed marriage is defined as a social union between the couples families and friends where emotional bonds are tied across borders. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how a mixed marriage can contribute to a union between the ethnic groups in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bosnia-Herzegovina is a multiethnic country populated by three different nationalities, Bosnian Croats, Bosnian Serbs and Bosniaks. I will explain the relationship between the groups and according to my theory describe how group identification and separation results in a feeling of "us" and "them". The theory also includes how the image of the other can overcome through a mixed marriage. The analyze is based on my interviews with couples living in mixed marriages in Sweden, originally from the city Mostar in Bosnia-Hercegivna. The interviews and my research on intermarriage and reconciliation policies in Bosnia-Herzegovina, shows how a mixed marriage can be a way to reconcile the groups after the Bosnian war between 1992-1995. My conclusion shows both that mixed marriage can be a way to unite different groups, but also the problematic with mixed marriage today. The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina separated ethnic groups and the geographical separation between the populating in Mostar hampered the ability to marry across borders. Today Bosnia-Herzegovina is characterized by a nationalist policy and still a separated country between the ethnic groups.


Current reversal mode (CRM) is a dynamic measuring technique, which has the potential to determine accurately the equilibrium emf of a solid electrolyte sensor, while providing additional information regarding sensor resistance. This can be exploited as a diagnostic tool. A fundamental study, using an oxygen sensor with yttria-stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte, has been performed to identify the CRM parameters of frequency and bias voltage for making accurate measurements. A mathematical model has been developed for the application of CRM in terms of an equivalent electrical circuit. The predictions of the model agree well with the experimental data.


Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mutations in the PARK 2 or PARK 8 genes and characterize their phenotypes in a Brazilian cohort of early-onset Parkinsonism (EOP). Methods: A total of sixty-nine unrelated patients with age at onset ≤ 45 were screened. Results: Mean age of symptoms onset was 35.8 ± 6.8 years. A positive family history of Parkinsonism was found in 8 (11, 59%) patients. Molecular analysis detected five patients (7, 24%) with PARK2 mutations (two homozygous and three compounds heterozygous) and one patient (1.52%) with a heterozygous PARK8 G2019S mutation. The motor phenotype most prevalent in the patients with PARK2 mutations was the rigid-akinetic with postural instability in four (80%); dystonia at disease onset was present in one (20%). The patient with PARK8 mutation had tremor and dystonia at the disease onset but latter developed the rigid-akinetic motor phenotype with severe postural instability. Conclusions: Although we acknowledge the caveat of examining a limited sample size, our study suggests that PARK2 and PARK8 mutations are uncommon in Brazilian patients with EOP.


This book is based on Rajan Sankaran's concept of miasm. The goal of this book is 'to communicate the important aspects of each miasm and to bring these ideas to life [...] through clinical cases'. On more than 500 pages, the authors have achieved their goal, though homeopathic practitioners who do not follow the sensation method may be left slightly bewildered at times. The first chapter covers the historical evolution of the concept of miasms, from Hahnemann (of course!) over the decades of hesitating acceptance (or not) of this seemingly outlandish concept, to the work by Ortega and Vithoulkas, then culminating (according to the authors) with Sankaran. The authors ask valid questions of Hahnemann's writings; for example, can remedies cover more than one miasm? (which, they conclude, is not possible); and suggest that Hahnemann left his followers in a confusion that has only recently been clarified through the work by Sankaran. The bulk of this book is dedicated to each of the 10miasms separately. The sequence is taken as suggested by Sankaran: acute, typhoid, malarial, ringworm, psoric, sycotic, cancer, tubercular, leprosy and syphilitic. An AIDS miasm, as suggested byother homeopaths (e.g., Misha Norland, Peter Fraser or Richard Pitt) is not mentioned. There is no explanation about this sequence of the miasms and no specific reference to literature. Indeed, throughout the book the authors refer to Sankaran but do hardly provide any specific reference to literature. Each miasm is explained from its historical-pathological context. The themes of the miasm are elaborated and a list of confirmatory physical and general symptoms follows. The differential diagnosis between the particular miasm and the other miasms, as well as the differentiation to the three kingdoms, I enjoyed most. Personally I found that these differentiations brought the (sometimes subtle) differences very much to light. Themiasm is thenpresented throughpatient language and cases, subdivided (if applicable) into mineral, plant and animal kingdoms. It is often not clear whether the quotes from patients were taken before the miasmatic remedy was prescribed or after the remedy had acted. Observational notes about the patients are rare and a lot of emphasis is placed on the use of words. As a non-sensation practitioner, I found some of the points of analysis rather interpreted, occasionally even judgemental. However, I understand that it may well be the dry nature of paper cases that do not necessarily convey the energetic exchanges that occur during a homeopathic consultation. This book concludes with a chapter on the relationship between various miasms and kingdoms, followed by lists of remedies as assigned to each miasm and an index. Comparable to Dr. Morrison's Desktop Companion, the layout of this book is clearer and access of information as a reference book is easier, helped by page headers, lists and titles. There is a solid feel to this book with a heavier than maybe normal paper weight—not light to carry but durable. Hahnemann Clinic Publishing, 2014; ISBN 0-963-5868-5-0; 533 pages, price €59.90/US $69.


Two distinct phosphorylated intermediates representing the Ca 2+ -ATPase and H + -ATPase, respectively, were detected after phosphorylation of plasma membranes from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences with [γ 32 P]ATP and separation of polypeptides in an acidic gel. A 116 kDa polypeptide was identified as a Ca 2+ -ATPase by its Ca 2+ -dependent phosphorylation which was enhanced by La 3+ . A second polypeptide (105 kDa) also phosphorylated in the absence of Ca 2+ and was identified as the H + -ATPase by immune blotting


The invention discloses a cement bar connecting flange which comprises a connecting part and a mounting part. The connecting part is used for connecting the connecting flange and the bodies of the cement bars; the mounting part is used for mounting and fixing of the two cement bars; the connecting part and the mounting part are connected and fixed through a steel ring. By adopting the connecting parts and the mounting part, while producing cement bars, a reinforcement can be arranged between two opposite connecting parts, and after casting cement, the connecting flange and the cement bar bodies of the invention have an integrated structure; when erecting cement bars, screw bolts can be arranged between the mounting parts at ends of two cement bars for fixing to achieve the firmly connecting of two cement bars without the restrictions of area size and other conditions, which is convenient for mounting and maintenance; in addition, antirust and corrosion treatment can be carried out to the cement bar connecting flange, so as to reduce repairing and maintaining, etc. afterwards.


Approximately 5,000 samples of glazing glass of various types have been tested for strength with transverse loading and under impact. Modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, impact modulus of rupture, stress strain curve, and actual values required for breaking glass are shown.

These indicate the following values may be used for modulus of rupture for calculating the strength of these various types of glass.


In order to give concrete application to some of the current problems and disagreements in defining and conceptualizing "dyslexia," the authors report here the total diagnostic evaluation of an eight-year-old boy of normal intelligence who had a severe reading disability. The evaluation included psychiatric and neurological examinations as well as psychological testing. There were multiple inconsistencies and contradictions in the clinical findings, so that clear-cut diagnostic and etiologic inferences from these findings were not justified. The findings were reviewed in terms of how they might support two different etiologic interpretations. Nevertheless, that such uncertainty as to diagnosis and etiology need not impair the effectiveness of remediation and treatment, is demonstrated in this boy's case.


Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, in‐person educational activities for emergency medicine (EM) residents were suspended. As a result, we developed a virtual point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) course for incoming EM interns consisting of online didactics and faculty‐proctored hands‐on scan sessions utilizing a video conferencing platform and a handheld smartphone‐compatible ultrasound transducer. Learners found the course to be effective in improving their POCUS knowledge and scanning skills. Feedback obtained from this course will allow us to improve future virtual courses.


The total estimated audience of CNN across the world has reached more than 90 million households. But how good will CNN be in Asia? Especially, how good will CNN be in China, a country that accounts for nearly half of Asia's population and has been undergoing drastic political and economical changes? Taking CNN as one representative of quickly expanding transnational media and China as one representative of newly-opened countries, this paper will examine what CNN should expect to encounter in Asia and in China in the 1990s in terms of government regulations, audience access and media competitions. It will analyse CNN's strengths and weaknesses, the network's opportunities and obstacles, and its strategies on China.


An electron (e−) or a positron (e) collision process with a molecule gives us fundamental information of scattering dynamics, relevant to condensed matter physics, radiation physics and so forth. From the point of view of elementary physics, e−–molecule and e–molecule collisions are worth studying not only independently but comparatively as well. In e− (e) scattering from a molecule, one of the important inelastic processes is vibrational excitation, which is the dominant energy loss process of an incident particle below 10 eV. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an interesting molecule as a target of the e − (e) collision, since it is one of the simplest polyatomic molecules with the symmetry of D ∞h and the problem of e−–CO2 collisions is important for various applications, e.g., planetary atmospheres, plasma chemistry, etc. In the present talk, vibrational excitation of the CO2 molecule in collision with e − and e is studied theoretically. The range of incident energy is 2 ≤ E ≤ 10 eV for e− and 2 ≤ E ≤ 6 eV for e (it should be noticed that the threshold of positronium formation is 6.7 eV). Each fundamental mode of vibration is treated separately. Main part of this talk and related topics have already been given in [1–3]. CO2 has three fundamental modes of vibration. The ground state of CO2 for vibration is denoted as (000) and the lowest excited state of each mode is described as (100) for symmetric stretching, (010) for bending and (001) for antisymmetric stretching. In the present calculation, scattering dynamics is treated by the vibrational close coupling method for each excitation from the ground state to the lowest excited state within the fixed nuclear orientation approximation. In the interaction potential for the e−–CO2 collision system, the static and correlation-polarization terms are attractive and an attractive electron-exchange term, which plays an important role in low energy e− scattering, is also added. On the other hand, the interaction for e impact consists of repulsive static and attractive correlation-polarization potentials and includes no electron-exchange term. As a result, the three attractive interactions are summed up for e− impact and the repulsive static interaction and the attractive correlation-polarization interaction cancel out each other to a large extent for e impact. Figure 1 shows the integral cross sections for the excitation of (000) → (100) by e− impact and e impact. The present e impact cross section is compared with the theoretical result obtained by Gianturco and Mukherjee [4] (they treated symmetric stretching mode of vibration only). Although the present e impact cross section is somewhat smaller than that of Gianturco and Mukherjee, the energy dependence of the two data sets are qualitatively similar. The quantitative disagreement between these cross sections is considered to be due to the difference in the accuracy of the molecular wave function used to obtain the interaction potential. It is also noticed that the number of excited states of vibration included for close coupling calculation is 1 in the present calculation and 4


The article considers travel journalism as a factor for enriching the societys intellectual potential with the help of cultural-educational and other information resources. The article studies positive influence of digital environment that ensures timely exchange of intellectual products. The necessity to use innovation resources appearing in travel practice is stated, since the cultural background that is being updated is an important condition to for understanding modern processes occurring in society. The anthropological nature of travel practice defines the need for an extensive user content in the media space of the travel media. The user content is considered as a platform for active authors to express their views, for audience integrity as well as for travel journalists creative writing. The article analyses not only the intellectual potential of travel journalism which is being constantly updated in its information field while realizing cognitive and reflective functions of the travel media. It also analyses the functional integrity of journalism as a factor optimizing the tasks of modern travel practice. The ability of travel media to create a media picture of the world for the audience as a model for further building travel practice is also considered. How travel journalism motivates the audience to create a well-balanced travel content which enriches a persons and different groups intellectual potential with innovative knowledge, axiological and behavioural resources is revealed. The author tries to describe digital travel media as an important source that contributes to the main functions of travel journalism realization relying on using applications and other online services. The research findings enable the author to say that modern travel journalism provides readers and users of online media with an opportunity to participate in creating travel content, to use new resources necessary for social development, to turn these resources into travel practice reality.


The literature on the effects of banking crises on the real economy has typically found that the effects are short-lived. We find that banking crises have a prolonged negative effect on investment. Using data for 150 countries from 1963 to 2007, we find that the investment to GDP ratio is on average about 1.5 percent lower during each of the 7 to 9 years following a banking crisis. We also find that this adverse effect is due largely to loss of confidence. Results show that experiencing repeated crises over time, which we argue reduces confidence in the system, may also reduce investment and partly account for the persistence of this effect. Furthermore, we find that in countries where the banking crises imposed significant negative costs on wide segments of the population, confidence in the banking system is reduced, leading to the prolonged decrease in investment. JEL Codes: G01, E22


Monthly readings on housing construction and sales that are at odds with expectations are often attributed to unusual weather conditions. This paper examines the empirical relationship between weather abnormalities and housing activity. The conclusion is that unseasonable weather patterns have, at most, a slight impact on total housing starts, home sales, and the pace of construction activity. Even this weak effect is found only during the winter months. Sampling error accounts for much more of the month-to-month changes in measured housing activity than does the weather, and there is a general tendency to exaggerate the influence of unusual weather on the monthly national housing data. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


Objective To assess the influence factors of International HIV-Associated Dementia Scale(IHDS) among AIDS patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to provide eveidence for specific intervention.Methods From November 2010 to March 2011,100 human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) positive patients aged 65 years were selected,excluding the patients with nervous system infection,cerebrovascular disease,major depression,and alcohol and substance abuse,from the Fourth Peoplies Hospital of Nanning City and surveyed with IHDS and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) by trained neurolegists.Results The average IHDS score was 8.06±1.81 among the patients.The score of the patients equal or less than 50 years old was higher than that of 51-64 years old(9.79±1.94 vs 8.04±2.03;t=2.590,P=0.010).The score of the Han patients was higher thant that of Zhuang patients(9.56±1.70 vs 8.93±1.80;t=-9.329,P=0.041).The patients with the education under primary school had a lower score than those with the education equal or higher than primary school(7.33±1.37 vs 9.49±1.62;t=-7.861,P=0.000).Compared with the patients without history of alcohol drinking,the patients with alcohol drinking showed lower IHDS score(8.41±1.54 vs 9.27±1.83;t=3.301,P=0.030).There were no differences in the scores betweeen the ptients of different gender and smoking status(P0.05 for all).The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the age and the amount of alcohol consumption were negatively associated with and the education level was positively assciated with the IHDS score among the patients.Conclusion Age,educational level,alcohol consumption are major infulence factors of IHDS score.


There are many schools of philosophy. Likewise, the philosophical approaches and methods of philosophy of management are many. As the editor of this journal I sometimes wonder whether there are too many for one journal. Reading the growing number of manuscripts submitted to the editorial desk of this journal, I have felt the desire to delineate the scope of the journal somewhat. But I have never found a delineation that is satisfying to me or to the executive editors. Luckily so, I must add. Every time I prepare to write the editorial for a new issue, I read again the papers that have waited their queue to be assigned to the issue. What strikes me is that there are always overlapping and connecting themes emerging from what initially seemed a disparate and random collection of manuscripts accepted for publication. In those moments I count our lucky stars for not delineating the scope of the journal beyond its name: philosophy of management. The overall theme emerging from the articles in this issue is epistemology. Before I briefly introduce each article in turn, I would like to specify the sub-themes present in this issue. There are two. First, a number of articles can be situated on the nexus of epistemology and ethics. Petersen (2019) discusses sense-making, causality, and peer justice evaluations. Faldetta (2019) takes on Levinas and organizational justice. Tajalli and Segal (2019) work on Levinas as a foundation of moral epistemology. Martineau (2019) has written a book review on pragmatist epistemology and organization studies. And Craze (2019) turns to neuroscience to tackle a well-known epistemological fallacy in business ethics, i.e. the separation thesis. The second sub-theme comprises of two articles that provide an philosophical discussion of epistemological assumptions in scholarly work that had a considerable uptake amongst management practitioners and educators, but have so far been largely ignored in academe. Heller (2019) does that for Scharmer's Theory U, and Melé et al. (2019) do that for López' 'Freely Adaptive System' (FAS) model. I hope these articles in themselves, or in a combined reading of them, can further spur our scholarly community in doing (and writing) philosophy of management. Now let me introduce the articles. Philosophy of Management (2019) 18:1–4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-019-00110-3


Method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps comprising: forming a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate on the polymer thin film layer, the thin film transistor substrate on a thin film transistor array (array) to form a polymer thin film layer on a substrate forming, the thin film transistor array is formed in the thin film transistor forming an upper polarizing plate on the substrate, the method comprising applying a laser to the polymer thin film layer to remove the part and the substrate of the polymer film layer, wherein the substrate is a separation polymer affixing an adhesive layer to the back film layer, and a step of laminating the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is adhered to a polymer film layer and the lower polarizing plate.


The goal of this study is to set criteria for writing good contextual questions. This is a theoretical research work based on an extensive literature review. Extensive literature comprised of reviewing leading data bases, educational journals, and proceedings. All the collected materials from these resources were read, compiled, analyzed, interpreted, and synthesized. The information gathered from these sources were systematically used as an input to generate criteria for writing good contextual questions. Eventually, 3 main criteria and 11 sub-criteria were generated from these studies. Besides, the difference between contextual and idealized questions was presented comparatively. As a final step, common misunderstandings i.e., myths related to contextual questions were determined and presented in detail. This study can be seen as a how-to-guide to all stake holders of education for writing good contextual questions.


Full text of issue. This full issue is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol23/iss2/1 KUNAPIPI Journal of Post-Colonial Writing KUNAPIPI Journal of Post-Colonial Writing VOLUME XXIII NUMBER 2 2001 Kunapipi is a bi-annual arts magazine with special but not exclusive emphasis on the new literatures written in English. It aims to fulfil the requirements T.S. Eliot believed a journal should have: to introduce the work of new or little known writers of talent, to provide critical evaluation of the work of living authors, both famous and unknown, and to be truly international. It publishes creative material and criticism. Articles and reviews on related historical and sociological topics plus film will also be included as well as graphics and photographs. The editor invites creative and scholarly contributions. The editorial board does not necessarily endorse any political views expressed by its contributors. Manuscripts should be double-spaced with footnotes gathered at the end, should conform to the Harvard (author-date) system. Wherever possible the submission should be on disc (soft-ware preferably Microsoft Word) and should be accompa nied by a hard copy. Please include a short biography, address and email contact if available. Kunapipi is an internationally refereed journal of postcolonial literature formally acknowledged by the Australian National Library. Work published in Kunapipi is cited in The Journal o f Commonwealth Literature's Annual Bibliography (UK), The Year's Work in English Studies (UK), The American Journal of African Literature (USA), The Grahamstown Infonnation Journal (SA), Australian Literaiy Studies, The Indian Association for Commonwealth Studies, (India), The New Straits Times (Indonesia), The Australian Public Affairs Infonnation Senhce (produced by the National Library of Australia) and the MLA. All correspondence (manuscripts, inquiries, subscriptions) should be sent to: Anne Collett Editor — KUNAPIPI English Studies Program University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia SUBSCRIPTION RATES FOR 2001/2 Individuals: 1 year AUD $50.00 Institutions: 1 year AUD $120.00 Please note that if payment is made in currencies other than AUD$, the equivalent of $10.00 must be added to cover banking costs. Cheques should be made payable to Kunapipi Publishing. Internet: http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/kunapipi/ Copyright © remains with the individual authors This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act no part may be reproduced without written permission. Enquiries should be made to the editor.


Objective To determine allergens distribution in patients with allergic rhinitis complicated with hepatitis with skin prick test.Methods 43 cases with allergic rhinitis medical history and signs with positive standard skin prick test results were enroll into test group,and patients injected with histamine were positive controls,and normal saline was negative control.Skin prick test was performed by using 24 kinds of allergens to the patients with allergic rhinitis complicated with hepatitis.Results The positive rate of the top three allergens were mugwort,grass and dust mites,and the positive rates were 48.84%,41.86%,39.53%,respectively.Conclusion Allergens distributed into plants and dust mites in allergic rhinitis complicated hepatitis,whose result was similar to normal patients.


The purpose of the following research is the improvement of the shooting by establishing the level of proficiency of this element. The subject of the research is the proficiency of the technical elements – shooting a layup and a jump shot under the basket. In the study took part 24 female basketball students from the university basketball team of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski". The methods which were used are anthropometry and sport-pedagogy experiment. The tests are made on a field. The results are calculated through а variation analysis. The analysis of the results shows that the basketball probation of the female students before entering the SU "St. Kliment Ohridski" is =7,38±2,95 year with ratio of variation V=8,68%. The middle age of the female students is 20,67±1,37 year with V=1,88%, height =172±6,799 cm, with V=46,32%, and the body mass index is = 64,79±8,74 cm, с V=76,433%. BMI shows that =22,17±2,63 with V=6,93%. On a layup the results show equality based on the made shots - = 11,08±1,28 number of shots with ratio of variation V=1,65%. Number of attempt shots =11,83±0,82 number of shots with V=0,67%. Made layup shots for 60 s are =26 04±5,32 number of made shots V=28,30%, and the number of attempt shots show =30,83±3,92 с V=15,32%. The university women team of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" has a shooting percentage of 93,58%, of the layups, which puts the team on the highest level – "master-shooter". The shooting percentage of the jump shots under the basket is 84, 04%, which puts the team on the level – "expert-shooter".


Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE commenced delivery of the Advanced Diploma of Accounting in partnership with the Shanghai Commercial Polytechnic in 1999. Since then the program has grown to encompass Advanced Diplomas in global management, global marketing, tourism (tour guiding) and logistics. An Advanced Diploma of e-Business is planned to commence in September 2005. Students graduate with both a TAFE NSW Advanced Diploma and an equivalent Chinese qualification. All TAFE subjects are taught in English. This paper charts the progress of the program focusing on implementation and relationship issues. Key parts of the paper are: (a) a description of the delivery model (The model uses Chinese teachers to deliver Australian curriculum in English supported by mentors - discipline experts - in Australia. Regular visits by Australian teachers to teach individual subjects and the use of external examinations ensure the maintenance of quality. Chinese teachers are also encouraged to visit Australia to undergo further training.), (b) development of the program from 1999 to 2005, (c) issues associated with the program (teaching, learning in China, transfer of an Australian VET model to the Chinese environment, communication between Chinese teachers and Australian mentors, and Australian Quality Training Framework and delivery in China, and (d) a conclusion that highlights the rewards to both partners from the partnership.


During the last decades the whispering gallery mode based sensors have become a prominent solution for label-free sensing of various physical and chemical parameters. At the same time, the widespread utilization of the approach is hindered by the restricted applicability of the known configurations for ambient variations quantification outside the laboratory conditions and their low affordability, where necessity on the spectrally-resolved data collection is among the main limiting factors. In this paper we demonstrate the first realization of an affordable whispering gallery mode sensor powered by deep learning and multi-resonator imaging at a fixed frequency. It has been shown that the approach enables refractive index unit (RIU) prediction with an absolute error at 3×10-6 level for dynamic range of the RIU variations from 0 to 2×10-3 with temporal resolution of several milliseconds and instrument-driven detection limit of 3×10−5. High sensing accuracy together with instrumental affordability and production simplicity places the reported detector among the most cost-effective realizations of the whispering gallery mode approach. The proposed solution is expected to have a great impact on the shift of the whole sensing paradigm away from the model-based and to the flexible self-learning solutions.


Objective
To investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on s-100-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice.

Methods
A total of 26 six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and TSA group (six in each group), and the rest 8 mice were used to extract the s-100 protein from liver tissue. Mice of model group and TSA group were injected intraperitoneally with s-100 with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce autoimmune hepatitis model. At day 21, TSA group mice were injected intraperitoneally with TSA 2 mg/(kg·d) for 7 days, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution containing 1% dimethyl sulfoxide was injected into the control and model group mice. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were measured and liver histopathology was observed. The protein levels of nuclear factor(NF)-κB and acetylated histone H3 in liver tissue were detected by Western Blot. The hepatic mRNA levels of NF-κB, HDAC3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR. ELISA was used to determine the TNF-α in serum. The results were analyzed with t test.

Results
The serum levels of ALT in control group, model group and TSA group were (122.00±45.29), (459.33±167.58) and (217.33±49.25) U/L, respectively. The differences between model group and control group or TSA group were significant (t=4.76 and 3.41, respectively, both P<0.05). The serum levels of AST in control group, model group and TSA group were (127.83±18.55), (389.67±87.14) and (249.50±71.72) U/L, respectively. The differences between model group and control group or TSA group were also significant (t=7.20 and 3.04, respectively, both P<0.05). The inflammation of the liver histopathology induced by s100 was alleviated by TSA. The relative expressions of NF-κB protein, NF-κB mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, HDAC3 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in the liver tissue of model group mice were 2.43±0.42, 9.51±0.36, 10.53±0.74, 2.90±0.22, and 4.50±0.73, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (1.28±0.49, 1.28±0.49, 1.06±0.14, 1.72±0.73, and 1.01±0.31, respectively) (t=4.68, 37.14, 30.69, 4.33 and 10.85, respectively, all P <0.05). In TSA group, the relative expressions of NF-κB protein, NF-κB mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, HDAC3 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA were decreased (1.30±0.36, 1.30±0.36, 2.38±0.36, 2.13±0.32 and 2.40±0.51, respectively), which were statistically lower than those in model group (t=4.58, 30.62, 24.12, 2.81 and 5.81, respectively, all P<0.05). The serum TNF-α levels in control group, model group and TSA group were (122.37±68.12), (1361.44 207.13) and (691.64±162.12) ng/L, respectively. Compared with model group, the differences were statistically significant (t=13.92 and 6.24, respectively, both P<0.05). The relative expression of ac-H3 protein in the model group was 1.10±0.08, which was higher than that in the control group 0.96±0.17 (t=2.27, P<0.05). That in TSA group was 1.30±0.04, which was higher than the model group (t=-0.30, P <0.05).

Conclusion
Histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA alleviates autoimmune hepatitis by enhancing histone acetylation and inhibiting NF-κB and inflammatory factors.

Key words:
Histone deacetylase; Trichostatin A; NF-kappa B; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Hepatitis, autoimmune


Dr. and Mrs. Keith Hull treat a dog at their Veterinary Medicine office in Fremont, Ohio. Dr. Hull began practicing after graduating from the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1960.


Can dietary supplements prevent cancer? The Journal of the American Medical Association recently published results from the Polyp Prevention Study Group. This randomised controlled trial investigated the safety and efficacy of folic acid supplementation for preventing colorectal adenomas in participants with a recent history of colorectal adenomas. The average age of the participantswas 57 years, and 64% were men. All participants had a recent history of colorectal adenoma. The nine participating clinical centres were scattered all over the USA, plus one in Toronto. Participants were randomised into two groups, and provided either with 1mg of folic acid a day or placebo. The follow-up consisted of colonoscopic investigations after 3 years and 6–8 years. The outcome measures were (1) colorectal adenomas and (2) advanced lesions categorised, for example, as highgrade dysplasia or invasive cancer. The results showed that the risk of colorectal adenoma at the second follow-up was higher in those participants who received folic acid than in the placebo group. In an editorial in the same journal, Ulrich and Potter comment that this trial shows once again that it is a bad idea to try touse just one agent toprevent cancer. This conclusion has already been drawn from the ATBC study (a-Tocopherol, b-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study) and CARET study (b-Carotene andRetinol Efficacy Trial), which showed that the use of high-dose b-carotene supplements seems to increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers. Furthermore, this is not a primary prevention study. The patients who were selected for this trial already had a diagnosis of colorectal adenoma, so the results could in any case not to be taken as valid for the whole population.


This paper analyses a structure commonly known as adjectival passive. This structure has been termed adjectival based on the morphosyntactic characteristics of the participle. Surprisingly, this structure has not received its deserved attention, since previous research only focuses on the characteristics of the participle. However, one should notice that verbs used for this structure are rather limited, and they are less likely to be used in the active voice, and the whole construction, when used as the adjectival passive, denotes perception. Thus, the subject entity in the adjectival passive is predominantly human, unlike the passive voice which tends to have the inanimate entity as the grammatical subject. Such peculiarities raise a question: what is the grammatical status of the adjectival passive in english? It seems difficult to explain this construction within a common descriptive grammar of english. One possible answer to this question is posited based on a typological distinction of the alignment system and the adjectival passive is considered as a case of fluid intransitive subject. In addition, considering the diachronic changes of this construction, the adjectival passive is becoming a special category, i.e. the fluid intransitive subject system, in the verbal system in english. It can also be predicted that this may turn into the split ergative based on the lexical meaning (i.e. mental state) in the future.


We designed a new overall machine dynamic balancing instrument for rotating machine by the DSP technology. The new development of DSP theory and the method of overall machine dynamic balancing was introduced. To solve the problems of the huge data storage and the rapid processing, we presented the key technology for hardware and software designing. Finally, the process of overall machine dynamic balancing and experiment results for dish centrifugal separator were shown.


In this brief, a high-resolution successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital-conversion architecture for biomedical data acquisition is proposed. A filtered least-significant-bit segment is employed as a dither to improve the resolution. Theoretical analysis and behavioral simulations show that the error of a most-significant-bit segment can be converted into shaped noise if the input signal is sufficiently small. The proposed self-dithering technique can be used, together with averaging, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the differential nonlinearity (DNL) performance. The performance improvement is similar to that of a conventional nonsubtractive scheme using a uniform deterministic dither but with simplified hardware and reduced computation complexity.


Consider N cooperative but non-communicating players where each plays one out of M arms for T turns. Players have different utilities for each arm, representable as an NxM matrix. These utilities are unknown to the players. In each turn players select an arm and receive a noisy observation of their utility for it. However, if any other players selected the same arm that turn, all colliding players will all receive zero utility due to the conflict. No other communication or coordination between the players is possible. Our goal is to design a distributed algorithm that learns the matching between players and arms that achieves max-min fairness while minimizing the regret. We present an algorithm and prove that it is regret optimal up to a $\log\log T$ factor. This is the first max-min fairness multi-player bandit algorithm with (near) order optimal regret.


It is to enter the studies of the cognitive subject's functions to understand the relations between the subjectivity of cognition and the objectivity of knowledge. Cognitive subject possesses of the capabilities of choice, stipulation, abstraction, systematization and structuring, and the functions of these capabilities alone manifest the subjectivity of cognition. For the objective knowledge, the factors objectively effective are to be abstracted and transferred into the fruits of knowledge, and this process is completed by means of observing the functions of subject's capacities.


To create an improved positive climate that will reduce the potential for disputes, the author suggests particular attention should be paid to effective decision making, communication and continual learning.


Literary translation must meet readers' aesthetic needs and acceptance psychology for literary works. At the same time, the quality of translation should not only be judged by the source text, but also by the acceptance of readers. Reception aesthetics is a theoretical system that takes readers as the center to study the effect of text acceptance. This paper selects Red Sorghum translated by Howard Goldblatt as the research object, collects readers' comments on this translation from foreign book review websites (www.goodreads.com), and uses the theory of reception aesthetics to analyze the acceptance of this translation among English readers, aiming to provide more ideas for the translation of Chinese literary works.


Some type of sulfur in organic compounds is not able to be reduced to sulfide by metallic sodium or by sodium formate fusion, while all type of organic sulfur is readily oxidized to stable sulfuric acid by acidic oxidizing reagents. As the reagent for acidic fusion, barium nitrate is most suitable because it melts at such a low-temperature as 592°C and it has an oxidizing power. A small amount of solid sample is brought into a test tube, or a drop of sample solution is evaporated in a test tube and then the sample or the residue mixed well with about 0.5 g of barium nitrate. The tube is gradually warmed to red heat, and then cooled in water. The residue is added to hydrochloric acid and then the solution is boiled. White barium sulfate precipitate appears if sulfur is present in the sample.


The Artificial Satellite Analysis Program (ASAP) is a general orbit prediction program which incorporates sufficient orbit modeling accuracy for mission design, maneuver analysis, and mission planning. ASAP is suitable for studying planetary orbit missions with spacecraft trajectories of reconnaissance (flyby) and exploratory (mapping) nature. Sample data is included for a geosynchronous station drift cycle study, a Venus radar mapping strategy, a frozen orbit about Mars, and a repeat ground trace orbit. ASAP uses Cowell's method in the numerical integration of the equations of motion. The orbital mechanics calculation contains perturbations due to non-sphericity (up to a 40 X 40 field) of the planet, lunar and solar effects, and drag and solar radiation pressure. An 8th order Runge-Kutta integration scheme with variable step size control is used for efficient propagation. The input includes the classical osculating elements, orbital elements of the sun relative to the planet, reference time and dates, drag coefficient, gravitational constants, and planet radius, rotation rate, etc. The printed output contains Cartesian coordinates, velocity, equinoctial elements, and classical elements for each time step or event step. At each step, selected output is added to a plot file. The ASAP package includes a program for sorting this plot file. LOTUS 1-2-3 is used in the supplied examples to graph the results, but any graphics software package could be used to process the plot file. ASAP is not written to be mission-specific. Instead, it is intended to be used for most planetary orbiting missions. As a consequence, the user has to have some basic understanding of orbital mechanics to provide the correct input and interpret the subsequent output. ASAP is written in FORTRAN 77 for batch execution and has been implemented on an IBM PC compatible computer operating under MS-DOS. The ASAP package requires a math coprocessor and a minimum of 256K RAM. This program was last updated in 1988 with version 2.03. IBM PC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Lotus and 1-2-3 are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation.


The present invention relates to aniline derivatives of formula (I) or one of its enantiomers, its preparation and its therapeutic use, e.g., treatment of glaucoma, R1a represents H, halogen, (C1-C6) alkyl group or the CN; R1b represents H, halogen or (C1-C6) alkyl; R1c represents H or (C1-C6) alkyl; R2 represents H, halogen, OH, O- (C1-C6) alkyl or (C1-C6) alkyl group; R3 represents H, halogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, OH, O- (C1-C6) alkyl, CONH2, or CN; R4 represents H, halogen or (C1-C6) alkyl; R5 represents H or F; R7 represents H or F; R8 represents H or F; R9 represents H or (C1-C6) alkyl.


This paper aims to formulate and examine the best intervention model in countering pangolin trafficking. This involves the political economy analysis (PEA) and the market analysis, prioritising through harm identification, and the response by intervention formulation. The preferred intervention is then examined by the theory of change to determine its process in pursuing the impact. It utilises qualitative approach by using document reviews as data collection method. This paper finds that pangolin market is led by the "push" factors in Indonesia influenced by the geographical condition, which has a wide range of tropical forests as pangolin habitat. Moreover, the low level of GDP and education rates is the main factor behind pangolin trading. While, the "pull" factors in China are influenced by the high demand rates that cannot be covered by its local pangolins population. Finally, the author suggests that the general deterrence approach is regarded as the best model to intervene in the market. This approach could reduce the supply and demand to cut the market chain.Keywords: political economy analysis, market analysis, general deterrence, wildlife trafficking, pangolin.


The density of primes dividing at least one term of the Lucas sequence defined by L0(P) = 2, L1(P)= P and Ln(P) = PLn-1(P) + Ln-2(P) for n ~ 2, with P an arbitrary integer, is determined.


Intestinal IgA plays an important role in the innate and acquired phases of immunosurveillance by recognizing T‐independent (TI) and T‐dependent (TD) antigens, respectively. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is known to regulate lymphocyte emigration from organized lymphoid tissues, but its immunological role in the induction of intestinal IgA production remains to be elucidated. Here we show that intestinal IgA productions against TI and TD antigens are controlled by S1P. We found that disruption of S1P‐mediated signaling by the treatment of mice with FTY720, a modulator of S1P receptors, resulted in the marked reduction of intestinal IgA production against TI phosphorylcholine induced by oral immunization with heat‐killed Streptococcal pneumoniae (R36A). Similarly, FTY720 reduced production of intestinal IgA against ovalbumin (OVA), a typical TD antigen, in mice orally immunized with OVA plus mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin. The decreased TI and TD antigen‐specific intestinal IgA productions were associated with the impaired trafficking of peritoneal B1 and Peyer s patch B2 cells into the intestinal lamina propria, respectively. These findings point to a pivotal role for S1P in innate and acquired phases of intestinal B cell immunity.


We find explicit values of cubic and quartic theta-functions and their quotients by parameterizations. In the process, we also find some transformation formulas of these theta-functions.


Aim: To study Anti-tumor effect and anti-oxidant status of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn Materials & Methods: The present study deals with life span of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing hosts, peritoneal cell count, hematological profile, solid tumor mass and biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide distmutase and catalase activities. Results: Euphorbia thymifolia at oral dose of 200mg/kg prolongs the life span of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-tumor bearing mice and causes significant increase in number of peritoneal cell count and significant decrease in volume of solid tumor mass compared to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing control animals. Hematological profile including Red blood cells count, White blood cells count, Hemoglobin and protein estimation were found to be nearly normal levels in extract treated mice compared to tumor bearing control mice. Euphorbia thymifolia significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and significantly increased the levels of superoxide distmutase and catalase in treated group of animals. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that ethanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia is an effective anti oxidant and anti tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor in mice. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.045 Volume 3, Issue 5, 853-864. Research Article ISSN 2277 – 7105 Article Received on 20 May 2014, Revised on 14 June 2014, Accepted on 08 July 2014


We present measurements of the field and temperature dependences of the relaxation of the magnetic moment of a magnetic mineral consisting of nanodimensional particles of titanomagnetite Fe3−xTixO4, with x≅0.1, embedded in a volcanic glass, over an observation time window of 10s⩽t⩽104s, following recoil from a positive saturating field to negative holding fields in the vicinity of the coercive field. The relaxation data are analyzed within the framework of a model which decomposes the free energy landscape into an ensemble of double well potentials, and the thermal fluctuation field Hf for this system is shown to exhibit a maximum as a function of temperature. Numerical simulations of viscosity isotherms based on the double well formalism are presented, which show that this maximum is a natural feature of the formalism, related to the distribution of characteristic energies of the double wells, and thus does not contradict the assumption of Arrhenius relaxation dynamics based on Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) conducted an evaluation of the Air Void Analyzer (AVA) to determine the machine s ability to accurately and precisely measure the air void structure of freshly prepared portland cement concrete (PCC). This evaluation consisted of producing multiple batches of PCC in the laboratory and measuring each batch s air void structure with the AVA and other commonly used ASTM International testing procedures. A statistical analysis was conducted on sixty batches of concrete, covering a range of entrained air and fly ash contents. Air contents and fly ash replacement ranged from 3 to 8 percent and 0 to 20 percent, respectively. The freezethaw resistance of the PCC produced was also evaluated to verify the machine s ability to reveal poorly performing mixtures. The laboratory evaluation was conducted from May 2011 to January 2012. Laboratory mixtures were batched and concrete specimens were prepared and tested at the ERDC Materials Testing Center. A certified petrographer determined the air void structures were in accordance with ASTM C457. A statistical analysis of the air void structure measurements taken by the AVA was completed using the results of five ASTM International standard test methods. This report summarizes the laboratory performance of the AVA, and the pertinent conclusions from the testing performed. Recommendations for implementation and future testing are provided.


Fourier transform is applied to detect the direction of stripe noise before de-noising, which is advantageous for selecting the corresponding detail coefficients for threshold quantization after stationary wavelet transform. Depending on the direction of stripe noise, the corresponding detail coefficients contain stripe noise need to be removed, while retaining the approximate coefficients and other detail coefficients. The algorithm can remove stripe noise effectively and preserve original image details as much as possible. In addition, stationary wavelet transform is used for the first time in stripe noise removal from remote sensing images. Compared with the traditional de-noising algorithms based on discrete wavelet transform, stationary wavelet transform can better maintain the details of original image because it is redundant and shift-invariant. As shown in the experiments, the new algorithm reported herein performs better than discrete wavelet transform, mean filter and gauss filter, leading to good visual effects. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


This research done to study the elements of facility management competence for the members of Management Corporation. According to Strata Titles Act 1985 (Act 318), a member of the Management Corporation is appointed among unit owners and responsible to manage all matters related to their residential buildings. The problem arises when the appointed members of the Management Corporation is among the unit owners which less skilled and experienced in the management of the building. Most of the high-rise residential buildings are having very low levels of management and often get complaints from residents. Various studies have been conducted on competency management. However, the study of facility management competency among the members of Management Corporation has not yet done. The objective of this study were 1) to identify the facilities management functions needed in managing strata building, 2) identify the competencies of facilities management that should be included in the Management Corporation, and 3) identify the most important competencies for facility management to be mastered by the members of Management Corporation . Data for this study were collected through a literature review and questionnaire. All elements of facility management competencies should be applied to the members of Management Corporation so that activities run smoothly and residents will live in secure and peace


Commitment or Public Relations? A Review of Empowering Children: Children's Rights Education as a Pathway to Citizenship, R. Brian Howe and Katherine Covell, University of Toronto Press (0802038573, $45.00, £28.00), 28 May 2005. Here we have an issue in development, potentially one of the most far-reaching that can be seriously considered, and one that will require extensive and unavoidable educational action. For readers of this journal, the book does not, however, invoke ICT - apart from a couple of remarks to the effect that a government's putting some material on a web-page is hardly an adequate fulfilment of its responsibilities in this area. But ICT-enhanced educational activity can certainly form a significant part of any adequate response, so perhaps we should look more closely. For one outside the children's rights arena, perhaps the most striking fact Howe and Covell report is the near-universal ratification by members of the United Nations of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (apart from two rogue states, Somalia and the United States of America, that have only signed it - full details are available at )1. Ratification, as Howe and Covell explain, means that "states parties officially committed themselves to a policy of recognizing and implementing the rights of the child, not merely to aspiring to practise children's rights. Ratification constitutes a legally binding commitment, obligating states parties to bring their laws, policies, and practices into line with the standards set out in the Convention" (p. 25). The British, it is said, acquired their empire in a fit of absence of mind; one wonders whether the 192 ratifiers of the 1989 Convention were similarly afflicted: serious endeavour to undertake, or even to publicize the nature of their legal commitments is surprisingly hard to discern.2 Publicity is certainly required, for the Convention adopts a way of thinking about children (i.e. persons below the age of 18 years) that is by no means widely accepted or understood. I would guess that the normal reasonably enlightened view is a version of the "assumptions about parental rights and state paternalism in regard to children" (p. 26) that Howe and Covell see rejected by the Convention in favour of a view that "it now is children who have fundamental rights, and it is parents, adults, and state authorities who have obligations to respect and provide for those rights" (p. 26), rights that will be implemented in age-appropriate ways ("in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child," Article 14). Related to this, Howe and Covell contrast a view of children as "becoming-citizens" or "not-yets", on the way to acquiring full status in the community, with children as "being-citizens", already citizens with definite rights. The Convention recognises both aspects (p. 62), but again I suspect most people would not venture far beyond what is appropriate for "becoming-citizens".3 Education is then needed, not only for the children, but for the adult populations whose views have largely been superseded by the framers of the Convention. It is mandated by Article 42: "States Parties undertake to make the principles and provisions of the Convention widely known, by appropriate and active means, to adults and children alike." But, given that a primary concern for at least part of childhood is with education in some sense or other, the very rights allotted to children by the Convention speak centrally to a right to education (Articles 28 and 29), and, as Howe and Covell argue (p. 29ff), several other articles implicitly require or impinge on educational action. The main concern of the book is with the nature of the children's rights education that has been offered so far and that might go some way to fulfilling the obligations entailed by the Convention. After an introductory chapter, the book's second chapter briefly describes views about the status of children - very roughly a historical sequence starting with their being the property of their parents, through their being immature beings with rights to be cared for, to the Convention's "individual and independent persons with rights of their own" (p. …


Electromagnetic field problems in a circular waveguide filled completely with a magnetoelectric medium were solved on the assumption that the magnetoelectric coefficient α was to be limited to one direction. The results obtained seem to provide a useful tool for the measurement of the magnetoelectric effect in the microwave region.


We investigate the thermal transport properties of NbN by considering three-phonon scattering (3ph), four-phonon scattering (4ph), electron-phonon (ep) scattering, and isotope (iso) scattering. By considering 4ph scattering, we find that 4ph scattering has less effect on the lattice thermal conductivity (κph) within 3-9 THz, while ep scattering has a greater effect on κph which is close to 3ph scattering in this frequency range. When the pressure is increased to 15 GPa, the κph by 148%, which is due to the decrease of the scattering phase space resulting in an increase of phonon relaxation time. We find that the κph of NbN is close to 100 W/mK, which is a potential high thermal conductivity material.


Self-efficacy of seniors could be negatively affected by stress during computer interaction, yet, empirical evidence is lacking. In an experiment, seniors performed tasks on low-and high-complexity search systems. Self-efficacy was manipulated by performance feedback. Results demonstrate that negative feedback increases stress and decreases self-efficacy. Furthermore, positive feedback increases seniors' self-efficacy during computer interaction and a significant effect was found of self-efficacy on stress. Perceived stress increased with decreasing self-efficacy. System complexity influenced self-efficacy; yet, no relation was found between system complexity and stress. To increase self-efficacy and to decrease stress in senior-computer interaction, it is advised to support seniors during computer interaction with positive performance feedback.


The soul of leadership is essential, therefore, everyone has to own it. In the context of early childhood education, leadership must be owned by teachers as well as educators. Teachers' leadership is an idea of 21st century education, hence, the teacher's leadership in the process of education should be given a stimulus. Therefore, authors offer innovation based on the results of literary studies related to the stimulus efforts in order to enhance teachers' leadership in educating through the "Literacy Leadership Camp" program. The program brings a concept of pleasant literacy, love of the work environment and evoking teachers' pride in increasing leadership quality in the early childhood education work environment. If teachers are happy, their performance and leadership will increase as well, so as their functions as teachers will be optimal for the students and the work environment.