Extended-reach (ER) drillstring design involves selecting from a variety of available drillstring components those best suited to drill an ER well. In a typical ER well, torsion loads will be higher and tension loads will be lower than for a vertical well of the same measured depth. These differences in applied loads and the need to apply bit weight with normal-weight drillpipe pose design and operating questions that are answered in this paper. ER drillstrings are often very complex. Also, most available components are in used condition, and thus have been exposed to unknown histories of wear and fatigue. A system for qualifying the drillstring is required to ensure that the components the authors use conform to their design requirements. This paper covers some of the issues the authors have faced in designing and qualifying drillstrings for ER wells and how these issues were successfully resolved.


Based on neural network, a new on-line fault diagnosis method for power electronic circuits is presented. A neural BP network is founded, which is able to diagnose faults of three-phase rectifier effectively. The method is verified by both simulation and experiment.


Life table is an effective tool for characterizing the demography of an arthropod to understand the phenomenon in pest population development which is a key for developing IPM strategy. Age-stage, two-sex life tables provide comprehensive insights into the stage differentiation of an arthropods, compared with the traditional female age-specific life tables and any other forms of life tables. The age-stage, two-sex life table approach is applied in diverse type of ecological and pest management research. This article is intended to draw attention of Nepalese researchers towards the significance of demographic studies for development of IPM strategy, advancements in application of age-stage, two-sex life table approach and its computer programs. Altogether more than 694 peer reviewed papers and PhD theses have been published since 1988. Out of this, 92 papers were sampled and reviewed for this paper. In such papers, demography of diverse 50 species of arthropods classified under 27 different families belonging to 10 orders have been studied using this theory to measure their fitness in diverse food and environment condition, to assess their consumption, predation or parasitism capacity and to project their population growth in different scenario, to forecast the timing of control based on the stage structure of pest populations and to be used in mass rearing and harvesting of predators and preys under biological control program.


This report describes the work performed during FY 1998 by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to identify organic components in Hanford waste tank samples to support resolution of the organic tank safety issue. The major focus during FY 1998 was the analysis of actual tank wastes under Hanford Analytical Services Quality Assurance (HASQARD) compliance. Samples from Tanks AX-102, C-104, BX-104, C-201, and C-202 were analyzed for organic constituents. Samples were analyzed using derivatization gas chromatography/flame ionization detection for chelators and chelator fragments, ion chromatography for low-molecular-weight organic acids, and ion-pair chromatography for chelators. The major components identified include low-molecular-weight acids (e.g., oxalic acid), chelators (e.g., EDTA) and chelator fragments.


The microwave dielectric properties of (1-x)Mg1.8Ti1.1O4-xCaTiO3 ceramics prepared by the mixed oxide route have been investigated. Spinel-structured Mg1.8Ti1.1O4, ilmenite-structured MgTiO3 and perovskite-structured CaTiO3 were coexisted and the three-phases system was confined by X-ray diffraction patterns, EDX analysis and it also leads to near-zero τf. The microstructures of the ceramics were characterized by SEM. The microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics can be effectively controlled by varying the x value. For practical applications, a fine combination of microwave dielectric properties (εr ~ 19.61, Q×f~ 72,700 GHz at 9.03 GHz, τf ~ -3.7 ppm/°C) was achieved for 0.91Mg1.8Ti1.1O4-0.09CaTiO3 ceramics sintered at 1330°C for 4 h, which makes it is a very promising candidate material for applications in dielectric resonator antenna. A new triple-band dielectric resonator antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented. The proposed antenna, composed of a high permittivity dielectric resonator and printed on FR4 substrate, is fed by a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide transmission line. In order to achieve wideband applications, the antenna with two parasitic inverted-L strip is demonstrated to generate two resonant frequencies covering 3.5 and 5.2 GHz. The measured results show that the antenna covers the frequency bands 2.30-2.72, 3.45-3.61, and 5.05-6.23 GHz with less than -10 dB of S11. The frequency response of the simulation results shows good agreement with the measured data. Good antenna gain, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns of the proposed antenna have also been observed across the operation band. Details of the proposed antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.


The proximal femur comprises the femoral head articulating with the acetabulum as the hip joint, the femoral neck, greater and lesser trochanters. It allows for the transmission of body weight from the upper body to the leg and moves the leg.


Background—Mutations of PCSK9 are associated cross-sectionally with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but little is known about their longitudinal association with LDL-C levels from young adulthood to middle age. Methods and Results—We investigated the associations of 6 PCSK9 variants with LDL-C over 20 years in 1750 blacks and 1828 whites from the Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults study. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess longitudinal differences in LDL-C levels between genotype categories. For blacks, LDL-C levels at age 18 were significantly lower (P<0.001) among those with 3 genetic variants (L253F, C679X, and Y142X; 81.5 mg/dL) and A443T (95.5 mg/dL) compared with noncarriers (109.6 mg/dL). The difference in LDL-C levels from noncarriers tended to widen for those with the 3 variants only, by 0.24 mg/dL per year of age (P=0.14). For whites with the R46L variant, compared with noncarriers, LDL-C levels at age 18 were significantly lower (84.4 mg/dL versus 100.9 mg/dL; P<0.001), and the increase in LDL-C with age was similar to noncarriers. The 3 genetic variants and the A443T variant in black men were associated with lower carotid intima-media thickness and lower prevalence of coronary calcification measured at ages 38 to 50. Conclusions—Our results suggest that participants with several genetic variants of PCSK9 have persistently lower serum LDL-C levels than noncarriers from ages 18 to 50. Such long-term reduction in LDL-C levels is associated with reduced subclinical atherosclerosis burden in black men.


returned to the freezer. Such vegetables are usually loose flowing as compared to most vegetables in cartons which are usually solid masses. A variety of prepared vegetables in butter sauce are now packaged in polyethylene bags, which may be placed in boiling water to heat them to serving temperature. Some such products are also packed in cartons. There are two general categories of frozen vegetables: those which require a long cooking time and those which require a short cooking time. Squash, lima beans and carrots


Irradiation of the trisilane (I) in the presence of the allene (II) leads to the formation of the products (III) and (IV) respectively.


The four genes encoding the components of the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport systems in Escherichia coli (livH, livG, livJ, and livK) have been cloned into X phage and subsequently into the plasmid vector pACYC184. The presence of the four structural genes and their accompanying regulatory regions on the resultant plasmid, pOXI, was confirmed by genetic complementation analysis and by transport studies carried out on the appropriate transformed mutant strains. When pOXI DNA was used to direct an in vitro transcription/translation system, four major polypeptide products were produced. Immunoprecipitation with antibody directed against the LIV-binding protein identified the two leucine-binding proteins as products of in vitro synthesis. The binding proteins were produced in precursor forms and had molecular weights approximately 2500 higher than the pro- cessed, mature forms. A minicell-producing strain transformed with plasmid pOXI produced the binding proteins in the pro- cessed form.


We examined the capability of an unsupervised deep learning network to capture the spatial organizations of large-scale structures in a cross-stream plane of a fully-developed turbulent channel flow at Reτ ≈ 180. For this purpose, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained using the instantaneous flow fields in the cross-stream plane obtained by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) to generate similar flow fields. Then, these flow fields are examined by focusing on the turbulent statistics and the spatial organizations of coherent structures. We extracted the intense regions of the streamwise velocity fluctuations (u) and the vortical structures in the cross-stream plane. Comparing the DNS and GAN flow fields, it is revealed that the network not only presents the one-point and two-point statistics quite accurately but also successfully predicts the structural characteristics hidden in the training dataset. We further explored the meandering motions of large-scale u structures by measuring their waviness in the cross-stream plane. It is shown that as the size of the u structures increases, they exhibit more aggressive waviness behavior which in turn increases the average number of vortical structures surrounding the low-momentum structures. The success of GAN in this study suggests its potential to predict similar information at a high Reynolds number and be utilized as an inflow turbulence generator to provide instantaneous boundary conditions for more complicated problems such as turbulent boundary layers. This has the potential to greatly reduce the computational costs of DNS related to a required large computational domain at high Reynolds numbers.


Interviews with Colleen Cupido and Gaby Cheminais. Cupido was a theatre student at the Community Arts Project (1980s). Cheminais was a long-serving media trainer at the Community Arts Project (circa 1985-late 1990s). The interviews were conducted by Heidi Bolton and commissioned by Mario Pissarra for Community Arts Project 'Histories of CAP' project.


A 61-year-old male patient presented with a two-day history of diarrhea and vomiting, reporting dyspnea, as well as severe lower abdominal and thoracic pain with irradiation to the precordium and left shoulder. Physical examination showed a rigid abdomen and reduced breath sounds, with coarse crackles in both lung bases. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed posterior pneumomediastinum and periesophageal densification primary osseous dysplasia or pressure-induced responses to neurofibromas. Although the diagnosis of NF1 often relies on cardinal clinical findings, cross-sectional imaging studies can provide valuable information in sundry settings. Particularly for NF1 patients with skull defects, CT is essential for detecting and following up the lesions, given that progressive bone erosion occurs in more than half of all cases and such erosion can require calvarial reconstruction with bone grafts or titanium mesh. However, progressive bone resorption can predispose to long-term implant instability, the best approach to NF1 calvarial defects therefore remaining undetermined.


The present invention provides a microorganism for imparting through gene and resistance to hydrogen peroxide by the method. ~ (C) proteins which confer resistance to hydrogen peroxide is selected from a gene encoding (a). (A) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 2 consisting of; (b) deletion of the amino acid sequence of (a), a substituted or added in the amino acid sequence of one or more amino acids and having a peroxide capable of imparting protein tolerance capability hydrogen; (c) an amino acid sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of (a) 85% or more and having a protein capable of conferring resistance to hydrogen peroxide capacity. FERMBP-11476 20110225


The paper presents some new methods for early breast cancer detection using microwaves. On describe the following methods and techniques: microwave impedance tomography, termography and microwave radiometry, combined methods microwave and ultra-acustic image and confocal microwave imaging. We make an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of every method and also physical principles of microwave thermography.


This paper introduced a new IP-Storage protocol named Ata over Ethernet (AoE), then modeled and analyzed the performance of it. To prove the theoretical analysis, we tested AoE implementation under various system configurations, i.e., under different physical layer parameters. We found that both of them affect AoE performance at different levels. In addition, deficiency of AoE was also found, i.e., the acknowledge system is relatively poor.


For understanding the culturome of vagina of pre-parturient sows, 74 swab samples were analysed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria through pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water at 37C for 6 h then streaking on blood agar, trypticase soy agar (TSA) and Hektoen enteric agar (Hi-Media) plates and incubation at 37oC for 24-48 h. Gram negative bacteria (GNB) were detected in 56 samples while Gram positive bacteria (GPB) in 28 samples. Of the 115 isolates identified belonging to 30 species of 16 different genera, 33 were GPB and 82 were GNB. Aeromonas (39.2%) were the most common isolates followed by Enterococcus (37.8%), Klebsiella (18.9%), Escherichia (10.8%), Citrobacter (8.1%), Pragia (6.8%) and Proteus (6.8%). Only eight were sensitive to all 8 antimicrobials tested using disc diffusion assay on Mueller Hinton agar in the study while rest 107 could be classified into 25 antibiogram types (ATs). All GPB and 51.2% of GNB isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, 75.6% to ampicillin. Ciprofloxacin inhibiting 99.2% isolates was most effective antimicrobial followed by gentamicin (96.5%) and ceftriaxone (95.7%). Resistance against herbal antimicrobials was detected in 87.8%, 87%, 78.3%, 76.5% and 35.7% of isolates against Artemisis vulgaris essential oil, sandal wood oil, eucalyptus gum, patchouli essential oil and lemon grass oil (LGO), respectively. Except for LGO, resistance to herbal antimicrobials was more common in isolates of aerobic bacteria of sow vagina than the least effective antimicrobial drugs nalidixic acid (65.2%) and ampicillin (60.9%). Multiple herbal antimicrobial resistance (MHAR) was detected in 89.6% strains tested, while multiple antibiotic resistance in 28.7% strains. Enterococci had higher probability (P, 0.02) of MHAR among GPBs while among GNBs members of Enterobacteriaceae (92 %) were more frequent carriers (P, 0.07) of MHAR than aeromonads (78.1%). The study indicated that aerobically culturable microbiome which is constituted exclusively by facultative anaerobe might be important due to their ability as opportunistic pathogens and ability to grow and compete with anaerobic flora of healthy vagina. The study revealed that in pre-parturient sow vagina the aerobically culturable microbiome is diverse and many potentially pathogenic bacteria present may harbour multiple drug resistant bacteria necessitating the proper inference from microbial analysis tests.


Objective To understand the prevalence of sex transmitted disease or its related symptoms(STD Symp) among female sex workers(FSWs) in Zhongshan to provide information for HIV prevention and control.Methods In 2009,FSWs in 9 towns of Zhongshan were recruited by direct outreach.A structured questionnaire guided face to face interview was applied and the blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis test.SPSS was used for data analysis.Results A total of 543 FSWs were recruited.The sero-prevalence rates of HIV and syphilis were 0.18%(1/543),0.92%(5/543),respectively.In last year,the prevalence of STD symp was 45.2%(235/520).The multiple Logistic regression model indicated lower level facility and drinking were independent risk factors associated with symp.Condom use by FSWs' will and the age of their first intercourse were independent protective factors associated with STD symp.Conclusions The HIV prevalence among FSWs in Zhongshan is low.However,the prevalence rate of STD symp among FSWs is relatively high and multiple risk factors for HIV transmission exist.AIDS intervention program should combine with sex transmitted disease intervention program,and more attention should be paid to those from low level facility.


Abstract Sills and seamounts may alter or even disrupt internal waves that approach them. The authors study by one-dimensional laboratory experiment: (i) the fission of an internal solitary wave of a two-layered fluid by a triangular obstruction, (ii) the form preservation of the transmitted wave, and (iii) the energy dissipated by the vortex induced by the obstruction. The potential energy stored in the wave signal is taken as a measure to quantify the above notions. Results are presented for upper to lower depth ratio rH = 3 and rH = ⅓. The results show in general a pronounced dependence on the degree of blocking (B ≡ depth of obstruction/lower layer depth), but experiments are less conclusive for dependence on particle speeds and slope angles of the triangle. The authors determine for a given degree of blocking how much energy of an approaching wave is fed into the reflected and transmitted wave. For B ≤ 0.6 the obstruction is virtually ineffective; for B ≥ 0.8 a compact solitary wave hump transforms i...


The institutional and political criteria, which must be satisfied as prerequisites to any realistic cooperation between the federal government and privately financed fusion engineering development, are examined. The transition of the federal magnetic fusion program from an aggressive development effort into a more science-oriented endeavor is presented as an opportunity for private initiative on an equal partnership basis with the government. Organizational mechanisms and policy changes are proposed that would facilitate such an industrial-governmental partnership.


This paper describes procedures in panel data econometrics for efficiency measurement and productivity decomposition in the banking system of an emerging economy with a special focus on the period following a financial crisis. In the recovery from a banking crisis, policymakers attempt to recapitalize the banking system, but this has the potential to impose significant costs. Turkey has restructured the banking system through recapitalization, and this has directly caused the shadow return on equity to turn negative. This negative shadow return on equity is an offset to total factor productivity change, and there is an important policy lesson that a successful recapitalization has a cost in restricting the banking system's overall productivity growth.


This is the author's copy of the conference paper published in the proceedings of the Turkish Industrial Engineering Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, June 30-July 2, 2008


Urogenital atrophy symptoms,such as vaginal dryness,pruritis and dyspareunia,are common complaints of postmenopausal women which are usually progressing and impossible to relieve with aging.It would affect quality of life dramatically if they were not treated.Promestriene(Colpotrophine) is not absorbed by vaginal mucosa.Promestriene can eliminate vaginal atrophy and relieve vaginal symptoms by increasing the number of epithelial and intermediate cells.It can also increase the proliferation of Dderlein bacilli and restore vaginal pH.It can prevent infection and is good for wound healing.In conclusion,promestriene can be administrated for all the urogenital symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency and for wound healing.In this paper,clinical recommendation on promestriene in vaginal estrogen therapy was reviewed.


The copolymerization mechanisms of the synthesis of UP resins by cis-and trans-anhydride respectively were studied in this paper. It was also studied that the reason for the difference between the exothermal curves of the two resin systems was that the activities of the cis-and trans-unsaturated bonds were different from each other.


This paper examines the consequences of Saxe v. State College Area School District as it affects schools in the development of antiharassment policy. Cornel West's lens, described in Democracy Matters (2004), alleging imperialistic overtones in contemporary governance is used to frame how a wellintended policy was maligned by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals to deny constitutional protection to minority groups, especially gays. The case is provocative in that it also illustrates how courts can be manipulated to advance hegemonic political agendas. This article is timely considering recent changes to the membership of the United States Supreme Court. Saxe v. State College Area School District (SCASD) presents a forum for considering the classic dilemma posed in legal and ethical debate when parallel claims posit liberty and equality at dichotomous ends. In Democracy Matters (2004), Cornel West advances a theory that American democracy has become vulnerable to the "three dominant dogmas of free market fundamentalism, aggressive militarism, and escalating authoritarianism [which, he charges] are snuffing out the democratic impulses that are so vital for the deepening and spread of democracy" (p. 78). West argues that "political nihilism" described as an "intoxication with the exercise of power" and an "obsession with stifling" resultant criticisms (p. 29), has codified these canons. He asserts that jeopardized democratic principles in prevailing political ideology have given rise to an "imperialistic" state. West makes reference to how judicial activism has eroded alreadycompromised constitutional safeguards that were intended to protect individual rights and the outcome of Saxe offers eyeopening evidence to support West's assertions. The case involved Saxe's objections to an 'antiharassment' policy developed by SCASD in which he alleged the policy would have the effect of infringing on plaintiffs' First Amendment rights to freedom of expression and religion. Using West's lens, Saxe appears to offer an illustration of, if not an historical account for, a systematic undermining of democratic rights for individuals in favor of a federally sponsored imperialistic agenda. The case record provides an opportunity to illustrate how an executive branch appointed judiciary can engage in the advancement of an aggrandized political ideology visavis the long reach of the federal bench rather than functioning as an integral part of a system of checks and balances the framers of the constitution conceived. Case History In the interest of maintaining safe and orderly schools and in part responding to the Supreme Court's decisions in Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998) and Burlington v. Ellerth (1998) which decided "that a proper defense to a sexual harassment suit required an antiharassment policy and a designated person to whom to report harassment" (Yeargain & Wyld, 2001), in 1998 the SCASD adopted a policy which included the following operational definitions: Harassment means verbal or physical conduct based on one's actual or perceived race, religion, color, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or other personal characteristics, and which has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with a student's educational performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment. Harassment can include any unwelcome verbal, written or physical conduct which offends, denigrates or belittles an individual because of any of the characteristics described above. Such conduct includes, but is not limited to, unsolicited derogatory remarks, jokes, demeaning comments or behaviors, slurs, mimicking, name calling, graffiti, innuendo, gestures, physical contact, stalking, threatening, bullying, extorting or the display or circulation of written material or pictures. Litigation commenced when Saxe complained to a Pennsylvania Federal District Court on behalf of two studentplaintiffs that the antiharassment policy would have the effect of infringing on their rights to freedom of expression and practice of their religion. Claiming their religion includes a world view that considers homosexuality sinful and as such is something their faith compels them to publicly speak out against, Saxe, a Christian, believed that the ability to freely express his religious convictions would have been restricted by the policy. Saxe asked the court for injunctive relief that would bar implementation of the policy alleging that plaintiffs' feared they could be punished for "speaking out about their religious beliefs, engaging in symbolic activities reflecting those beliefs, and distributing religious literature" (Saxe v SCASD, 1 Colitti: Saxe as an Erosion of Individual Protections Published by Western CEDAR, 2006


Exploration of the online commons is relatively new. The original landscape of the World Wide Web was very spread out, and traversing it usually meant following links from page to page. At this stage, the only way to find works with public rights was to stumble across them. With the growth in search technology, the Internet became much more accessible, though it has surely grown to compensate. At this stage, it was possible to search for online commons, but only in the most rudimentary way – trying to guess which words were more likely to be found on pages with public rights, and then searching for them. Now, with the slow transition towards the Semantic Web, we are seeing an Internet that is even easier to traverse – where there are web pages that know something about themselves, something that can be communicated to search engines, and the landscape of the Internet can come to life. * Ben Bildstein is a PhD candidate at the University of New South Wales. This research was conducted as part of the Unlocking IP project and is supported by an Australian Research Council grant. Significant contributions to this work were made by Professor Graham Greenleaf of the Law Faculty at UNSW and Catherine Bond, who is another PhD candidate in the Unlocking IP project. (2007) 4:1 SCRIPT-ed 9 This paper briefly describes some of the ways that online commons can express their public rights, followed by an exploration of the ways in which people can go about finding works that are part of Australia's online commons, using current tools. Then, using some of these techniques, data are gathered and analysed, to give an overview of the current state of some parts of the online commons in Australia. Lastly, consideration is given to what these finding may imply for the future of the online commons. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.040107.8 © Ben Bildstein 2007. This work is licensed through a Creative Commons AttributionNo Derivative Works 2.5 Australia. (2007) 4:1 SCRIPT-ed 10


266 PRACTICAL DIABETES VOL. 33 NO. 8 COPYRIGHT © 2016 JOHN WILEY & SONS To establish cardiovascular safety prior to regulatory approval, pharmaceutical sponsors are mandated to demonstrate that any new antidiabetic drug does not result in an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk.1,2 This can be done either by including patients at high vascular risk in the phase 3 development programme, or by performing a cardiovascular safety trial, or both. This may be followed by a dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trial following approval. Two recent trials have had a potentially important influence upon the management of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by not simply demonstrating noninferiority but statistically significant benefits in major adverse coronary events (MACE) when compared to placebo. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial from 2015 of the SGLT2 inhibitor empa gliflozin demonstrated a 14% reduction in the primary MACE endpoint,3 and more recently the LEADER trial of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide demonstrated a 13% reduction in the primary MACE endpoint.4 The Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6) was simultaneously presented in September 2016 at EASD's 52nd Annual Meeting in Munich and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. This was intended as a non-inferiority study for regulatory approval; this was confirmed by a 26% reduction in the primary MACE endpoint.5 Confusingly, as this was entirely a pre-approval study, testing for superiority for the primary outcome was not pre-specified or adjusted for multiplicity. So from a purist statistical perspective this cannot be described as demonstrating superiority.


The specific properties of Japanese forestry will be explained (Fig. 1). Compared to the United States or Europe, one reason that makes Japanese forestry difficult is the Japanese natural environment. Forestry is done in the "forests" in Europe, while forestry is done in the "mountains" in Japan. This is a fundamental difference. In the following sections, the uniqueness of Japanese forestry will be spelled out one by one to extract the research topics.


Where vineyard exposure to bushfire smoke cannot be avoided or prevented, grape and wine producers need strategies to transform smoke-affected juice and wine into saleable product. This study evaluated the potential for spinning cone column (SCC) distillation to be used for the remediation of 'smoke taint'. Compositional analysis of 'stripped wine' and condensate collected during SCC treatment of two smoke-tainted red wines indicated limited, if any, removal of volatile phenols, while their non-volatile glycoconjugates were concentrated due to water and ethanol removal. Together with the removal of desirable volatile aroma compounds, this enhanced the perception of smoke-related sensory attributes; i.e., smoke taint intensified. Stripped wines also became increasingly sour and salty as ethanol (and water) were progressively removed. A preliminary juice remediation trial yielded more promising results. While clarification, heating, evaporation, deionization and fermentation processes applied to smoke-tainted white juice gave ≤3 µg/L changes in volatile phenol concentrations, SCC distillation of smoke-tainted red juice increased the volatile phenol content of condensate (in some cases by 3- to 4-fold). Deionization of the resulting condensate removed 75 µg/L of volatile phenols, but fermentation of reconstituted juice increased volatile phenol concentrations again, presumably due to yeast metabolism of glycoconjugate precursors. Research findings suggest SCC distillation alone cannot remediate smoke taint, but used in combination with adsorbents, SCC may offer a novel remediation strategy, especially for tainted juice.


Metaphors with the target domain "life" and the source domain "home party" are studied from synergetic positions. The research is based on T. Pratchett's literary discourse. Synergetic approach in science as well as fractal theory allow us to look at any complex object as a nonlinear self-organizing system and shed light on the complex processes in the structure of the language.


12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) has a unique crystal structure composed of positively charged cages ∼0.4 nm in inner diameter and a free oxygen ion (O2-) clathrated in one-sixth of the cages. C12A7 can be con...


New derivatives of 3-substitued [1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′;2,3][1,3]triazolo[4,5-b]quinoxalines 6 have been prepared by the cyclocondensation of [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline-2(3H) one hydrazone 5 with aroyl chlorides, trimethylorthoformate, or triethylorthoacetate.


This paper has two objectives. The first one is to build an index of coincident indicators of economic activity n the Haitian economy during the identified cycles using Hardin and Pagan (2001) algorithm. The second objective is to enable policymakers to gauge with relative accuracy the probability that the Haitian economy be in expansion or recession during a specific quarter. To achieve these two objectives I use a probit analysis and a certain number of financial and fiscal indicators. The results appear promising for developing economies where data needed for policy guidance are often unavailable. Policymakers may find here an effective decision-making tool.


must be remembered, however, that the enquiry is likely to be a protracted one, seeing that the opportunities for experiment are so desultory and that the inherent difficulties of the subject are so formidable. I may offer a few more remarks upon the nature of what I will term?Cholera-virus. If we admit that the cholera-producing agent is of the nature of a chemical compound, we can easily understand how, under exceptional insanitary and climatic conditions, it might be spontaneously generated. We are all familiar with the fact that cholera generally follows in the wake of such great calamities as famines and floods?for example after the famine of 1865-66, and the destructive storm-wave in the Backergunge District in 1876. This suggestion is not


Nonlinear distortion can be characterized by the orthogonal component. For coherent optical communication, orthogonalization analysis for acquiring the orthogonal component should consider the type of linear equalizer due to the existence of IQ imbalance.


Objective To Observe the clinical efficacy of expectant treatment about pregnant women with placenta previa. Method From January 2006 to January 2001 in Zhuhai people's hospital, 50 cases of pregnant women with placenta previa treated by expectant treatment: bed rest; to maintain the spirit of quiet, appropriate to give sedatives; intravenous fluid replacement compound of amino acids, glucose and vitamin C, etc.; when necessary, blood transfusion; intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate, or avoid unnecessary salbutamol; intramuscular injection of dexamethasone to promote fetal lung maturation; preventive antibiotics. Results Termination of pregnancy when the pregnant 32+6~36+2 weeks, with an average (34.78± 0.69) weeks, with an average extension of (1.59±0.23) weeks; postpartum hemorrhage on average 180~460mL, Mean (280.56±29.89) mL, puerperal infection in 2 cases; newborn 1min, 5min Apgar score was (8.12±0.45), (9.06±0.51); neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in 3 cases, 2 deaths. Conclusions Expectant treatment about pregnant women with placenta previa can be extended weeks of gestation, and to reduce postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection in a small, newborn Apgar normal, RDS and death is low, with the feasibility, but the implementation should pay attention to fully communicate with patients, accurately to determine fetal maturity, select the appropriate mode of delivery.


To develop scientific literacy, elementary students should engage in knowledge building of core concepts through scientific practice (Duschl, Schweingruber, & Schouse, 2007). A core scientific practice is engagement in scientific modeling to build conceptual understanding about discipline-specific concepts. Yet scientific modeling remains underemphasized in elementary science learning environments, and little past research has explored early learners' engagement in domain-specific modeling practices. Here we report on a design-based study to investigate the ways in which third-grade students generate model-based explanations about two core plant growth and development processes: plant structure/function and plant life cycles. First, using design-based research, we developed and empirically tested a learning performance framework that integrates discipline-specific content with scientific practice to examine third-grade students' engagement in epistemic features of model-based explanations about plant growth and development. Next, we used the learning performance framework as a rubric to measure third-grade students mechanism-based scientific explanations generated from the models they developed prior to and after a long-term plant curriculum enactment. Findings from the learning performance highlight that students hold conceptual resources about plant processes and use this knowledge to reason in sophisticated ways. However, our findings from the pre/postmodels suggest that when students do not have opportunities to build conceptual knowledge, they depend on anthropomorphic analogies to reason about plant processes. Study findings imply that third-grade students require more sophisticated opportunities in building knowledge about how and why plant processes occur so they can use this knowledge to scientifically reason about how and why plants grow, develop, and survive.


The relationship between the sacred and the urban remains understudied. This special issue studies this relationship by focusing on urban religious aspirations in diverse globalizing Asian cities. The approach builds on the sacred geographies and sociology of secularization literatures. It is argued that religious practitioners respond to urbanization by inventing new conceptions of the urban to make sense of secularizing spaces. In turn, the secularizing spaces free up religious practitioners from the constraints of their traditions to innovate new practices to sacralize the urban spaces, in which the new conceptions of the urban play a crucial role. The direction and content of the innovations are driven by the aspirations of the religious practitioners with regard to the city and this provokes sacred politics challenging the state and capitalist market and aspirational contests to claim and control urban spaces vis-a-vis religious competitors, in which practitioners make use of state-market processes to do so.


The Norfolk, Virginia, Visitors Bureau wanted to attract people taking "mini-vacations"—weekend trips. To begin, the bureau had to find out what these travelers found attractive in Norfolk


Abstract : The objective of this program was to achieve real-time control of thin film properties during deposition by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method. Satisfying this objective required development of techniques that would permit rapid and accurate control of the beam fluxes of the chemical constituents of the growing film. This objective of precise flux control was to be achieved by: (1) using self-directed temperature and shutter control, and (2) employing ellipsometry for direct monitoring and feedback over alloy composition and film thickness.


A 22-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of progressive swelling and tenderness in the right side of the neck and fever. Computed tomography showed a right intrathyroidal abscess (Fig. 1a). External drainage and antibiotic therapy were immediately performed, and the symptoms resolved within 1 week. The intrathyroidal abscess should arouse suspicion of a pyriform sinus fistula, and a barium swallow demonstrated a right-sided pyriform sinus fistula (Fig. 1b, arrow). Direct laryngoscopy confirmed a fistula opening into the right pyriform sinus (Fig. 1c, arrow). The fistula was located from the right pyriform sinus to the right lobe of the thyroid gland and was removed with the right superior pole of the thyroid gland. Presently, 12 months after operation, there is no recurrence. Pyriform sinus fistula is a rare congenital anomaly, and a left-sided fistula is more common than a right-sided fistula. Patients with pyriform sinus fistula often present with recurrent deep neck space infections, suppurative thyroiditis or thyroid abscesses. Despite these characteristic presenting features, some patients undergo several incisions and drainages of a neck abscess before definitive diagnosis because the underlying abnormality is not suspected. Definitive surgery is often made difficult by previous episodes of infection and failed attempts at excision. Thus, a high index of suspicion at initial presentation is important for appropriate treatment.


Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been measured using a Japan-specific method in Japan. However, the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) has decided to change to an international standardized method of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) by the end of fiscal year 2020. The Prognosis in Palliative care Study predictor (PiPS) models were the prognosis predictor methods developed in the UK. The ALP value is included in the test items of PiPS-B of the PiPS models. The international standardization method was not used in previous reports about PiPS in Japan. In this study, we investigated the effect of changing measurement methods of ALP levels on the prognostic value of PiPS using IFCC conversion values. We performed prognostic prediction by PiPS models in 239 consecutive patients admitted to our palliative care unit from March 2019 to March 2021. In 98 PiPS-B calculated patients, the prognosis was recalculated by replacing ALP values with the JSCC recommended conversion values. 5 of 98 patients whose prognosis was "weeks" changed to "months+". It was suggested that a change in the method of ALP measurement from JSCC to IFCC method may change the "weeks" prognosis prediction by PiPS to a "months+". Palliat Care Res 2021; 16 ( 3 ) : 241 - 46


Flavor study of different grades Jinhua ham was carried out under a SPME (solid phase microextraction)-GC/MS system, with Biceps femoris as samples that were taken out randomly from 5 Jinhua hams of different grades. Results showed that 116 flavors were detected in four grades hams, where as 84 flavors were detected in grade 1 Jinhua ham, while 84 in grade 2, 83 in grade 3, and 92 in grade 4, respectively. The flavor compounds could be clustered in the following chemical families: alkanes and alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, terpenes, oxygenous hetero- cycle compounds, nitrogenous compounds, sulphur compounds, amides and amines. Results of the principal component analysis showed that the first principal component was determined by butanoic acid, 3-methyl butanoic acid, phenol, propanoic acid and butanoic acid ethyl ester and the second was determined by hexanal, pentanal, 3-methyl butanal, 2-methyl butanal, 1-octen-3- ol, acetone and 2,3-butanediol. The first and second principal component explained 71.6% and 20.5% of the total variance of flavors in different grades Jinhua hams respectively. According to the generation pathway of flavors, it can be said that microorganism is the most important fact or affecting the product grade.


The microwave dielectric properties of the CaTiO3–(Li1/2Nd1/2)TiO3–(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 (CT–LNT–BNT) ternary ceramics were studied on the basis of their crystal structure. The microwave dielectric constant improved from 139 to 432, and Qf decreased continuously from 3249 to 124 GHz with an increase in BNT content in the 0.4CT–(0.6-x)LNT–xBNT ternary compositions. The crystal structures of 0.4CT–(0.6-x)LNT–xBNT (x=0–0.6) ceramics were confirmed to be perovskite with an orthorhombic crystal system Pcmn (No. 62) and the lattice parameter differences between the a- and c-axes became small with increasing BNT content (x). The increase in the dielectric constant with the increase in BNT content could be explained by not only the large polarizability of a Bi ion but also the crystal structure change: increases in bond lengths, volumes of octahedra and cuboctaheda, and the tilt angle of an octahedron. The tendency of the crystal structure to change from paraelectric orthorhombic to ferroelectric trigonal or tetragonal perovskite structure resulted in a decrease in Qf value with increasing BNT content.


The present invention discloses an electronic flocculation apparatus for a pipeline. The electronic flocculation apparatus is characterized by comprising an oscillating circuit (1), a coil (2) and a magnetic conducting ring; a pipeline (4) which is arranged in the magnetic conducting ring in a sleeving manner is used for delivering water; the coil (2) is wound on the magnetic conducting ring, and the coil (2) is connected with the oscillating circuit (1) to form a current loop; the magnetic conducting ring is one of ferrite, cobalt and nickel, or a mixture thereof; the included angle between the normal direction of a plane that the magnetic conducting ring is located and the axial direction of the pipeline (4) is 0-60 degrees for introducing an alternating electromagnetic field into the pipeline (4), so that impurities in water delivered in the pipeline (4) undergo a flocculation reaction. According to the apparatus disclosed by the present invention, the range of action of the electromagnetic flocculation can be extended, and the electronic flocculation apparatus is good in energy transmission effect and is convenient for practical application.


This study investigates the discursive construction of the idea of tunisianité in a sample of 41 articles published in the national press in the wake of the Arab Spring. Using analytical categories developed within the discourse-historical approach, the analysis indicates three general, strongly secularist, representations of tunisianité. One of these, which can be called essentialist, claims an unmistakable ethnolinguistic connection to a glorified pre-Arabo-Islamic classicism which goes back to the foundation of Carthage (814–146 BC). A second and a more dominant (avowedly consensual) one construes tunisianité in assimilationist terms, that is, Tunisia as a 'melting pot' lumping different Eastern and Western ethnolinguistic and cultural traditions. A third emerging, but a marginalized trend in the data, grounds tunisianité within the Enlightenment/Revolutionary ideals of Democracy, Dignity and Freedom and warns against its possible disintegration because of its vulnerability to the upheavals of terrorism, corporatism, populism and socioeconomic insecurity. While the third representation is laudable from the perspective of the Revolutionary demands, the dominant nationalist identity discourse remains backward-looking, reactionary and strongly preoccupied with a perceived political invasion by the Islamist-Arabist Other. It is argued that the dominant model of identity politics and the political economy associated with it are incompatible with Tunisians' aspirations for socioeconomic development and social justice.


In a scenario where the technological development and the dissemination of
information occurs in smaller and smaller time cycles, new technologies emerge
enabling messages to be transmitted electronically. In 2011 the UFPEBooks project
was created with the objective of providing the books published by the University
Press departament and thus enter the institution in the world of digital books, which is
vital to the growth of information and knowledge at the Federal University of
Pernambuco. Given the importance of the interface in this relationship with the user
process, the aim of this study was to evaluate its usability and user satisfaction, using
a set of evaluation techniques to reveal potential weaknesses and thus contribute to
the improvement of UFPEBooks project, generating, from the of experts and user's
perspective, a set of recommendations that will serve as support tools for
professionals responsible for developing digital textbooks. The theoretical and
methodological foundations were based on ergonomic principles of Bastien and
Scapin. It was observed browsing activity of fifteen participants and then were
collected opinions through a questionnaire of satisfaction. The results showed
significant effects of the graphic interface in the navigation performance. It was found
that not always the interface offered clear and explicit information to the reader.
These raised issues, starting from the point of view of experts and the audience, had
the important role of guiding recommendations in order to minimize ergonomic and
usability problems.


We propose the pointwise toy-model, which demonstrates the accumulation and radiation of the (seismic) strain-energy. The calculated absorbed-seismic-energy is mapped to the accumulated strain-energy to balance the radiated strain-energy, because the accumulation of the strain-energy is caused by the subduction of one plate below another plate rather than the absorption of the seismic energy radiated from the hypocenter, which are located at other points. The distribution function of the accumulated strain-energy can be approximated with the Γ-distribution, where the high accumulated-strain-energy-tail is approximated by the inverse-power-law like tail. Meanwhile, the distributions of the radiated and accumulated strain-energies deviate from the Γ-distribution in the both low and high radiated strain-energy-domain. In particular, they have the inverse-power-law (Pareto) type tails in both high radiated and accumulated strain-energy-tails. The accumulated and radiated strain-energies calculated in the long period indicate that the present linear-map must be improved in order to balance the accumulated strain-energy with the radiated strain-energy.


The resolution measurement of 3D reconstructed density map in single particle reconstruction is an important and still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a new protocol to measure the resolution just from the reconstructed density map. This approach estimates spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR) of 3D reconstructed map by computing the ratio of signal power to noise power in frequency domain. The power distributions of signal and noise are estimated from structure particle region and surrounding region segmented by applying a mask procedure. The proposed protocol of calculating SSNR, which we term mask-SSNR (mSSNR), is independent of the reconstruction algorithms and can be used for density maps reconstructed with any reconstruction algorithm. Moreover, the mSSNR neither needs to split the dataset into halves like the Fourier shell correlation (FSC) approach, nor any original images or intermediate data like other SSNR calculation methods in this field. The mSSNR provides a direct calculation of SSNR based on its original definition, and is proven to be a better approach.


This paper presents a rule-based acceleration control scheme that aims to give an inverter-fed induction motor excellent dynamic performance. In every time interval of the control process, the acceleration increments produced by two different voltage vectors are compared, yielding one optimum stator voltage vector that is selected and retained. The on-line inference control is built using a rule-based system and some heuristic knowledge about the relationship between the motor voltage and acceleration. Because evaluation of integrals is not required and the motor parameters are not involved, the new controller has no accumulation error due to the integrals as in the conventional vector control schemes and the same controller can be used for different motors without modification.


Abstract This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for solving complex optimal control problems based on decomposition. The general finite-time optimal control problem for a class of hybrid dynamical systems is considered, which has not been solved in a decomposed way by existing methods. The problem is first decomposed into a master problem and a subproblem, and then the two are linked via logic-based Benders decomposition. Computational experiments have been carried out for the considered problem. The results show that the proposed algorithm could substantially reduce the solving time, compared with directly solving by mixed integer solvers.


Most urology practices evaluate their staffs' performance at least annually. The physician manager or office manager meets with the employees and evaluates their productivity and achievement of goals.


Recent legislation means that it is now illegal to treat a student, for reasons relating to a disability, less favourably than a non‐disabled student unless this is justified to maintain academic standards. However, recent research has identified numerous barriers faced by students with disabilities when they attempt to access the higher education curriculum. This study uses a methodology combining life‐story approaches with a voice‐relational analysis and aims to explore in more detail these barriers by listening to first person accounts from university students with a disability. The students' narratives suggest that disabled students have to work considerably harder than non‐disabled students to overcome a wide range of physical, attitudinal, social, cultural and political barriers. Students appear to take the path of least resistance by choosing routes where the barriers are least great and it is argued that in this way they are being discriminated against. The research shows that voice‐relational methodology is excellent at producing a thorough account of the phenomenological world of these students without neglecting a materialist and cultural analysis of their environment. These insider perspectives are then used to suggest possible improvements to policy and practice in higher education.


AbstractThe widely used First Order Reliability Method (FORM) is efficient for uncertainty quantification and safety assessment in Uncertainty-based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (UBMDO). H...


ABSTRACT This study focuses on the improvement of students' reading comprehension achievement in narrative text through Experience-Text-Relationship (ETR) Method. This study deals with   classroom action research which was done in 6 meetings. The subject of this study was the second grade of SMP N 41 Medan, class VIII 5. One class is totally taken as the subject of this study. The number of the sample is 34 students. The data of this study were obtained from the reading test, observation sheet, and diary notes. Based on the analysis data, it was found that the students' achievement improved from the orientation test, test cycle I, and test cycle II. The findings of this study indicated that Experience- Text- Relationship (ETR) Method improved the students' reading comprehension achievement. The students' mean scores showed significant improvement, the mean of Cycle I = 64, 38 and the mean of Cycle II = 77, 20. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Narrative Text, Experience-Text-Relationship (ETR) Method


Introduction/Problematization : Junior companies are environments that can provide the experience of the business student in the market, develop behavioral and technical skills and have direct contact with the professional environment. Thus, it is essential that they have robust internal processes and that they can weakenthe dynamism of the environment, taking into account the challenges and difficulties encountered. In this context, the following question arises: what are the main internal management difficulties observed in the Junior Company, in view of thestandardization of operational procedures? Objective/proposal: The present work sought to understand the main obstacles faced by these companies, from a single case study of Empresa Júnior Unimontes - EJU. Thus, the present work has as general objective to analyze the main difficulties of internal management of the Junior Company. In addition, as specific objectives, it is sought to: a) map the management processes; b) to identify possible improvements within the process; c) development ofan instrument of reference and control of the processes monitored. Methodological Procedures: The Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) language was used as a business modeling notation, interview and participant observation for data collection and, for the discussion of the results, the analysis of content and documentary research. Main Results: The results pointed to difficulties in the lack of BPM management, culture of continuous improvement and turnover of the managing members. Finally, despite the difficulties, these environments can provide the development of competencies within the framework of the theory of entrepreneurial and academic behavior. Final Considerations/Conclusion: It is concluded that the useof the BPM methodology made it possible to demonstrate how the collection, observation and standardization of processes can help identify the main obstacles that delay and reduce its results. Despite the difficulties encountered, the experience provided a real environment of contact with the market and the development of entrepreneurial skills. Research Contributions: This work brings as a contribution the application of management tools in the daily life of undergraduate students. The results show that the immersion of academics in junior environments promotes the development of entrepreneurial and cognitiveskills, making them more innovative, adaptive and technical professionals who competitive advantage in the professional environment.


This paper analyses the technical interventions needed for the re-utilization of late industrial buildings. It reviews the characteristic structures of the industrial buildings from the XIX.-XX. centuries and the methods to be used for the refurbishment. The main goal of the research is to create a collection in the form of tables summarizing the characteristic structures of the industrial buildings and the methods of their examination and refurbishment that may be used not only theoretically, but also practically for the planning of such re-utilizations.


PurposeGreen demarketing, which promotes anti-consumption as a more extreme sustainability tactic, could help consumers and societies move toward healthier consumption patterns while building strong, long-lasting relationships with consumers. As even the most committed brands find the need to oscillate between demarketing and conventional marketing for survival, this research tests how the congruency of the campaign shown on a brand's home page (owned media) and a following retargeting ad (paid media) could impact perceived congruency and further downstream effects. In doing so, this research proposes that the media context (i.e. news or shopping browsing context) in which the retargeting ad is embedded could determine how much congruency of the demarketing campaign across owned and paid media matters.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment with a 2 (home page content: green vs. demarketing) × 2 (retargeting ad content: product vs. demarketing) × 2 (browsing context: shopping vs. news) between-subjects factorial design was employed with an online panel of 430 participants. The participants first saw the brand's home page content, then were assigned to a website browsing context where the retargeting ad of the brand was embedded.FindingsIn a news browsing context, users perceived higher congruency when product retargeting ads (vs. demarketing) were shown after a green home page exposure and when demarketing retargeting ads (vs. products) were delivered after a demarketing home page. The elevated perceived congruency successfully led to higher ad argument and ad attitude. These differences were not present in a shopping browsing context. These results showed that the congruency between the home page and the retargeting ad for demarketing campaigns mattered more in certain media contexts (i.e. news browsing context).Originality/valueThe study closes the empirical gap in demarketing brand activism campaigns by demonstrating when and how congruency between multiple owned and paid channels for demarketing campaigns impacts consumer responses. This study provides evidence of how the match of the demarketing campaign shown on a brand's home page and a following retargeting ad could impact perceived congruency and further downstream effects of ad argument and ad attitude while considering different browsing context effects.


The role of torsion and a scalar field Φ in gravitation in the background of a particular class of the Riemann-Cartan geometry is considered here. Some times ago, a Lagrangian density with Lagrange multipliers has been proposed by the author which has been obtained by picking some particular terms from the SO (4, 1) Pontryagin density, where the scalar field Φ causes the de Sitter connection to have the proper dimension of a gauge field. Here it has been shown that the divergence of the axial torsion gives the Newton's constant and the scalar field becomes a function of the Ricci scalar R. The starting Lagrangian then reduces to a Lagrangian representing the metric f(R) gravity theory.


Abstract: A short comment is made on a recent paper (Ollinger et al. 2008) which shows that forest ecosystem carbon uptake in temperate and boreal forests is directly related to canopy nitrogen concentration and that both carbon uptake capacity and canopy nitrogen concentration are positively correlated with shortwave surface albedo measured with broad-band satellite sensors.


This concluding essay offers reflections on core components of the faculty fellowship program, its outcomes and results, and program design and administration. Amid the current calls for reform in legal and other professional education, the lessons we learned and perspectives we gained during this fellowship program may be relevant to any faculty members and university administrations that are seeking to create more effective and engaged professional and graduate school programs, whatever may be their subject-matter discipline.


The invention discloses a method and devices for treating rare-earth-smelting wastewater. The method for treating the rare-earth-smelting wastewater is applicable to treating saponated wastewater which is low in ammonia content and is produced in the process of smelting rare earth by a wet process. The method combines wastewater treatment and coal fired boiler flue gas treatment and comprises the following steps of: removing oil and P507 from the wastewater in an oil separating tank and a gas floating tank; adding lime water for neutralization reaction; performing primary solid-liquid separation by using a thickener, and performing filter pressing on sludge; fine-tuning supernatant, feeding the supernatant into a desulfurization and denitrogenation auxiliary tower, and feeding effluent into an aeration sedimentation basin; pumping the supernatant of which the pH is finely adjusted to an aeration biological filter; performing biochemical treatment, and then pumping the supernatant into a reaction tank for performing salient point chlorine removing; pumping the supernatant with relatively high content of residual chlorine into a desulfurization and denitrogenation main tower matched with a coal fired boiler; performing flocculent settling on the supernatant; and discharging the supernatant which reaches a standard. The heavy metal ion content, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the ammonia nitrogen content of the treated wastewater can reach the standard and be discharged.


Existing Geographic Information Systems lack many important features such as the ability to model the real world more adequately and facilities for logical deduction and geometric computation. In this paper, we study the structure and behavior of existing Geographic Information Systems, isolate their drawbacks and explore the applicability of object oriented design, logical deduction and hypermedia to developing better and more efficient geographic information systems. In particular, we focus on the concept, design and development of an architecture for the next generation geographic information systems, which will be able to access, synthesize and reason about large volumes of geographic information more efficiently and effectively, without sacrificing functionality, extensibility and consistency. Of significance is the integration of many diverse forms of technological advancements, including object oriented design, expert systems and multi-media systems.


The invention discloses a fast protection arrangement safety monitoring system for a power construction area. The system is characterized by comprising a plurality of support rods, an interception rope, an active infrared intrusion detection device, intelligent warning boards, a remote image monitoring device, a portable general packet radio service (GPRS) wireless communication device, a portable solar power supply device and monitoring computers, wherein a pair of infrared transceivers is arranged between any pair of adjacent support rods; each intelligent warning board comprises a passive infrared detector, an intelligent voice alarming module and a global positioning system (GPS) positioning module, which are arranged on a warning board body; the intelligent warning boards are suspended on the interception rope; the remote image monitoring device, the portable GPRS wireless communication device and the portable solar power supply device are arranged in the power construction area; and the monitoring computers are arranged in a local side monitoring center, and comprise a geographic information system (GIS) database server and a GPRS wireless communication receiving device. The system has the characteristics of convenience for movement and the like, and is easy to mount; and by the system, the functions of fast protection arrangement and high-efficiency early warning in the power construction area can be realized, and the safe conditions of a construction process can be monitored in real time by the local side monitoring center (power dispatching center).


Running is one of the most practiced sports around the world and it dates back to Ancient Greece. Running became an Olympic sport in 1896 and today is mostly performed for fun and to stay in shape. Nowadays, athletic shoe companies make claims on the performance of the type of shoes they manufacture. Some of their claims include shoes that allow free movements, fit like a glove, and are in complete harmony with human mechanics. The preceding characteristics are those of so-called barefoot running shoes. Robillard [1] explains that minimalist running shoes could be defined as those that provide limited or no support and only minimal protection, with the heel at the same level as the forefoot. Even though running may have been investigated, however, there is not enough analyses on barefoot running shoes. The objective of this study was to investigate the load distribution on the feet of a healthy running adult wearing barefoot shoes through experimental work and finite element analysis (FEA).The methodology used in this study included experimental as well FEA. Tests were conducted with a 175-lb adult subject wearing a pair of minimalist shoes. Experimental data were collected and used to perform Finite Element Analysis. The barefoot shoes were modeled with an equivalent thickness of 0.453 inch, and the following parameters were experimentally determined such as the Young's modulus of 467 psi, a density of 0.0025 lb/in3, and a Poisson's ratio of 0.08.The simulation results yielded a maximum compressive stress of 38.71 psi in the toe region. This stress level was approximately one-half of the stresses generated in the heel region of conventional sport shoes. This study, further, revealed the reduction of stresses at the heel region with barefoot shoes resulting in lower risk of pain and injury to the foot in the absence of impact transients ordinarily experienced with conventional shoes.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


There is little consensus on the nature of the glass state and its relationship to other strain states in ferroelastic materials which show the shape memory effect and superelasticity. We provide a thermodynamic interpretation of the known strain states, including precursory tweed and strain glass, by mapping the problem onto a spin model and analytically obtaining the phase diagram using real-space renormalization group methods. We further predict a spontaneous transition from the glass state to the ordered martensite phase. We verify this prediction by mapping out the experimental phase diagram for the ternary ferroelastic alloy Ti$_{50}$(Pd$_{50-x}$Cr$_x$) and demonstrate the emergence of the spontaneous transition. Our work thus provides a consistent framework to understand the various experimental and theoretical studies on the glassy behavior associated with ferroelastic materials.


Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly invented technology that can effectively harvest ambient mechanical energy from various motions with promising applications in portable electronics, self‐powered sensor networks, etc. Here, by coupling TENG and a thin film of ferroelectric polymer, a new application is designed for TENG as a self‐powered memory system for recording a mechanical displacement/trace. The output voltage produced by the TENG during motion can polarize the dipole moments in the ferroelectric thin film. Later, by applying a displacement current measurement to detect the polarization density in the ferroelectric film, the motion information of the TENG can be directly read. The sliding TENG and the single‐electrode TENG matrix are both utilized for realizing the memorization of the motion trace in one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional space, respectively. Currently, the ferroelectric thin film with a size of 3.1 mm2 can record a minimum area changing of 30 mm2 and such resolution can still be possibly improved. These results prove that the ferroelectric polymer is an effective memory material to work together with TENG and thereby the fabricated memory system can potentially be used as a self‐powered displacement monitor.


Empirical evidence has accumulated that regularity and consistency in orthography-to-phonology correspondence both affect the processing and acquisition of Chinese characters, and that they interact with character frequency in complex ways. However, despite growing interests in the Chinese orthography, few previous studies have systematically analyzed these effects on a large scale, or have modeled the acquisition process using connectionist networks. In this study, we set out to analyze a realistic character corpus as learned by children in Chinese elementary school, in order to evaluate the degree to which corpus analysis can inform us of the roles that regularity, consistency, frequency, and their interactions play in children's acquisition of Chinese characters. We further modeled character acquisition in a selforganizing connectionist network, developing orthographic representations on the basis of our analysis of character properties in a large-scale character corpus. Our model is able to faithfully capture the orthographic similarities of Chinese characters, and moreover, display effects of regularity, consistency, character frequency, and the complex interactions among them, matching up well with available empirical evidence on children's acquisition of characters during the elementary school years.


The general objective of this research is to obtain information about the effectiveness of the learning of mathematics through the study of creative problem solving with Autograph. In particular purpose to be achieved in this study were (I) understand the mathematical understanding of students abilities by using the learning model the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) with Autograph , (2) describe the effectiveness of learning models with the Creative Problem Solving Autograph in teaching at volume bends putar of discussion objects. Type of research is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). Subjects were high school students Delitua Istiqtal, class XII IPA Academic Year 2009/2010 with the number of students as many as 31 people with heterogeneous ability levels. The research object is the application of creative problem solving learning model with Autograph research data obtained from test results and test the material prerequisite understanding of mathematical comprehension abilities of students, teachers and students observations and questionnaire responses of students.
This study consisted of two cycles. Each cycle spent four meetings. The instrument used is the prerequisite material tests and tests students understanding of mathematics and students responses to questionnaire of creative problem solving learning model using Autograph. The result is (a) the application of problem solving learning model creativ using Autograph can enhance students ability level of mathematical understanding , (2) the application of creative problem solving learning model using Autograph effectively applied to volume beads putar, (3) autograph media use can alter the response of students towards learning mathematics in the direction of good (positive). From the test results obtained value of prerequisite items ¬average understanding of the mathematical ability of students is 65.29, the value - average student test first cycle was 68.78 and the average test scores of students of second cycle was 85.66 and the value - average test mathematical understanding of students is 88.56.
Based on the above data we can conclude that (a) the learning of mathematics by applying creative problem solving learning model using Autograph can enhance students math comprehension skills, (b) the application of creative problem solving learning model using Autograph effectively applied to the volume bends putar (c) with autographs learning can improve student learning activities so that students responses to the learning of mathematics for the better. Suggested learning Autograph media can be one alternative for effective learning in improving the understanding of mathematical ability in the material can provide an integral and positive response of students towards learning mathematics.


Purpose is to propose a new methodological approach to complex assessment of coal-mining enter-prises basing on the evaluation of technological schemes from the viewpoint of their susceptibility to innovations. Methodology . To solve the specified problems, a complex method has been used. The method in-volves geometrical interpretation of a task of determining boundary parameters of technological those parts of a mine field where the effect will show its maximum. Modelling of such problems is based on a system of constraints without any requirements for providing the planned mine loading, obligatory in the past. Originality . Analysis of the indices of efficiency of coal-mining technological schemes and account-ing of the developed factual system of indices have helped elaborate recommendations concerning the use of optimality criteria in the organizational tasks of assessment of the potential of technological scheme of mines. Consequently, the carried out research has resulted in a new system as for innovation management in a mining complex. Practical implications . The proposed approaches can be used for complex assessment of coal mines that will help determine a level of state support as well as predict a level of development and concentration of mining operations in space. All that will allow effective managing for the main production resources to increase the potential of technological mining schemes and reduce a level of unprofita-bility of state coal mines.


Lower Devonian brachiopods in South China are very rare since most areas lack deposits owing to an uplift movement of the Guangxi (Caledonian) Orogeny. In this paper, we describe a brachiopod fauna consisting of 13 species in 12 genera from the Nagaoling Formation at the Dashatian section in the suburb area of the Nanning City, Guangxi, South China. This fauna is dominated by small rhynchonellide and spiriferide species, along with chonetidines, strophomenides, atrypides, athyridides and others. The early Pragian age for the brachiopod-bearing horizons in the Nagaoling Formation is constrained by the associated early Pragian conodonts Eognathodus sulcatus Zone. About 33% genera of the brachiopod fauna are endemic to South China, therefore they do not provide any clear evidence for its paleobiogeographical link to the faunas of Europe, Australia, or North America. This fauna is paleoecologically interpreted as being deposited in a shallow, oxygen-rich, low to moderate energy, subtidal palaeoenvironment in the early Pragian and it corresponds to the benthic assemblage BA2 to upper BA3


This research was financially supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC 7961-215) to Uwe Brand.


Digital signatures are one of the main primitives in cryptography with many applications. Unfortunately the existence of digital signatures implies P 6= NP and more strongly the existence of one-way functions (OWF). So with our current knowledge in complexity theory the best we can do is to construct schemes which are secure based on believable assumptions, and at best we would like to base the existence of signature schemes on the sole assumption of the existence of one-way function. The first suggestion on how to construct signature schemes was in the paper of Diffie and Hellman [DH76]. The assumption they used for getting signatures was the existence of trapdoor one-way functions. A family of trapdoor functions has a generation algorithm which generates (the description of) a function f together with a trapdoor t. Then f can be computed efficiently, but without knowing t it is hard to invert f on a random image with more than negligible probability. In order to sign a message using trapdoor permutations, (roughly speaking) the signature for a message m will be f−1(m) using t (which is the signing key), and the correctness of the signature can be verified by only knowing how to compute f (which is the verification key). Later there were constructions for trapdoor functions based on algebraic assumptions that RSA trapdoor permutation [RSA78] among them is quite well known. Then Naor and Yung [NY89] introduced the notion of universal one-way hash functions (UOWHF) and showed that its existence is enough for having signature schemes, and showed how to construct UOWHF from any one-way permutation. Finally Rompel [Rom90] showed how to construct UOWHF from any one-way function. Katz and Koo recently wrote the full proof of Rompel's scheme [KK08]. In the next section we see the formal definition of UOWHF and see a simple construction using RSA assumption (which gives us collision resistence —something stronger than just UOWHF). Then in Section 3 we will see the construction from one-way permutations and then finally in Section 4 we see the construction based on any OWF.


Melody,functioning as the soul of music,exists multi-dimensionally beyond what has been thought of,at least including eleven common dimensions: different modal hues,different tonal stabilities,different tensions in various ranges,different melodic formats and their adaptations for expressions,different sizes of phrases,different proportional relations among flowing and resting tones in tonal patterns,as well as rhythmic density,tempi,interval sizes,pulses and dynamics.


A new system of long time digital Holter ECG system has been developed utilizing a stamp-size non-tracking(NT) tape which can be used for 192 hours as 2ch recording. The system has employed newly developed VLSIs and NT technology which enables to obtain reliable long time recording and/or play back with smaller and lighter Holter system of ECG and variety of biological signals.


The aim of the study was to investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANK/RANKL variants in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction in thalassemia major patients


Networks and their applications have been evolving substantially in the last two decades. A new and promising use of networks is in the area of high performance control and automation, which is developing into attractive and widespread applications. Some of the major concerns in using networks to perform remote network-based control are QoS issues such as time delay and bandwidth constraints. Disturbances and unanticipated events often happen to network-based applications. When anomalies happen, if the network cannot provide the required QoS, the application may have to lower its performance requirement and use the assigned QoS to do the best as it can to maintain the application availability. This paper proposes the use of real-time application gain adaptation to compensate for QoS variations and deterioration. A numerical and an experimental simulation of a network-based controlled DC motor are used in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Increasing international competition in the global market demands a significant decrease in product costs and manufacturing lead time, and improvement of product quality. In striving to remain competitive, manufacturing industries must deliver products to customer at the lowest cost with the best quality in minimum lead time. As a result, it has become compulsory to implement an integrated advance manufacturing planning and execution system that supports shorter product cycles with real time monitoring of processes. This paper presents a suitable integrated advance manufacturing planning and execution software system for a batch production aerospace manufacturing industry. The software system receives the customer's order and performs material requirement planning using software. The software system sends procurement requisitions, release orders, weekly and daily plans, and work orders to the concerned shops. It keeps track of work in process. In case of variation of order, the software system will automatically update the relevant data.


Objective To determine the optimal scan parameters and reconstruction methods and to demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of multi slice CT for contrast enhanced investigation of the coronary arteries. Methods A multi slice CT system with 4 simultaneously acquired slices and 0.5 sec rotation time was used (Siemens Somatom plus 4 Volume Zoom). Five 3D methods (VR, MIP, MPR, SSD, and CTVE) were used. A total of 68 patients underwent cardiac CT. In 25 patients with known or suspected CAD, CT was compared with quantitative coronary angiography. Results 90% of the coronary arteries could be visualized over long segments. On average, 2/3 of the main coronary arteries length could be visualized free of motion artifacts. Multi slice CT coronary angiography showed a high diagnostic accuracy in the detection and quantification of coronary lesion, and the sensitivity was 87.5%. VR was the best 3D reconstruction method for visualizing coronary artery. Conclusion This cardiac imaging method was simple, reliable, non invasive, low risk, comfortable, and non expensive. It has the potential to rule out CAD, permitting the evaluation of pre and post operative cardiovascular situation, coronary artery calcification screening and so on.


The objective of this study was to elicit advice from female collegiate athletes who achieved recovery from an eating disorder for coaches, parents, and other athletes with eating disorders. Participants were 16 female collegiate athletes who had experienced eating disorders. Data was obtained through structured interview questions. Advice for coaches included confronting athletes with a suspected eating disorder and receiving education about nutrition and eating disorders. Advice for parents included providing emotional support while trusting the athlete to make her own decisions. Advice to other athletes included maintaining hope that full recovery is possible and identifying triggers for the disorder.


Abstract We prove that the moduli space of rational curves with cyclic action, constructed in our previous work, is realizable as a wonderful compactification of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement in a product of projective spaces. By proving a general result on such wonderful compactifications, we conclude that this moduli space is Chow-equivalent to an explicit toric variety (whose fan can be understood as a tropical version of the moduli space), from which a computation of its Chow ring follows.


A truly multi-functional sensor suite is the key toward taking the next step in advancing small aircraft mission capabilities. Specifically, increased functionality to help these aircrafts operate safely and efficiently in the most demanding environments is desired. An ideal sensor development system platform that supports the development of a system that would satisfy all associated mission modes would need to offer the optimal combination of hardware and software reconfigurability, while minimizing size, weight, and power requirements and retaining a level of implementation simplicity that would naturally aid in the reduction of concept to deployment cycle time. A millimeter-wave development system is proposed in this work, demonstrating this capability through a tested implementation methodology. Results of initial phased developments related to real-beam imaging and mapping radar modes validate the performance and value of the system.


In a notoriously obscure passage in Metaphysics 7.1 Aristotle claims that substance is primary in time. The only concrete literal interpretation suggested so far of this controversial claim is in terms of existing before and after in time. I argue that this interpretation faces serious problems. I then present a novel literal interpretation, in terms of being an appropriate subject of temporal predications, that is immune to these problems and strongly supported by philosophical and contextual considerations.


Writing is productive skill in the written form. Through writing, students can express
their understanding of problems or idea of text. Writing summary of text is a
productive skill in written form, which students do after they read text or article.
Think Pair Share technique is a cooperative technique, where students are trained to
"think" about the topic, then discuss and write their summary in "pair", and finally
"share" it in front of the class. Students usually have many difficulties in writing
especially in summarizing text. They are still confused about how to write it. To solve
this problem, the researcher chose Think Pair Share technique, which can help
students by working together in pair to write their summary.
This research is intended to find out whether there is an increase of students' writing
ability in summarizing text of writing after being taught through TPS technique and
to find out the students' activity in learning process using TPS technique. The
researcher administered this research at SMPN 1 Seputih Agung, Lampung Tengah.
It applied one group pre test post test design. The participants included one class at
the second year, the class was VIIIC. This research was conducted based on
experimental method. The class was chosen by using simple random sampling. The
data was in the form of score which was taken from pre test and post test. The data
was analyzed by using T-Test.
The result of the research shows that there is an increase from pretest (53.33) to
posttest (72.11) after being taught by using TPS technique, gain is 18.78. The result
of the computation shows that the value of two tailed significance is 0.000. It means
that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected since 0.000 < 0.05.
Thus, it is proven that TPS technique can be used to increase students' ability in
summarizing text. The increase includes all aspects of writing: language use from
11.73 up to 17.98 (6.25), organization from 11.06 up to 15.04 (3.98), content from
16.26 up to 20.20 (3.94), vocabulary from 11.73 up to 15.32 (3.59), and mechanics
from 2.52 up to 3.50 (0.98). As an addition, TPS also increase students' ability in
summarizing text and improve students' activity in learning process. The average
precentage of active students increase during the first until the third treatment. The
increase can be seen from the observation sheet that the precentage is from 68.29%
up to 76.08%. Thus, it is concluded that TPS technique can be applied and
recommended as a reference to teach writing skill.


438 Background: Biomarkers for early detection and prediction of patient survival for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not yet been established. We have developed a novel glycoblotting method that allows high-throughput, comprehensive, and quantitative glycan analysis of whole human serum. We examined the relationship between serum N-glycan profiling and survival of the patient with RCC. Furthermore, we attempted to identify carrier protein to which the responsible N-glycan attached.

METHODS
We performed a comprehensive N-glycan structural analysis of sera from 64 patients with RCC using the glycoblotting methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The intensity of the N-glycans was then analyzed with the help of the logistic regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve to select N-glycans which associated with patient survival in RCC. The candidate N-glycans which had statistically significant relationship in overall survival were evaluated their independency using Cox-regression model to elucidate its superiority comparing to other conventional biomarkers of RCC. Then, we recovered the responsible N-glycan together with its carrier protein by sialobloting method to identify the carrier protein.

RESULTS
We identified 56 kinds of N-glycans in sera from RCC patients. The intensity of peak 19 was significantly higher, and the intensity of peak 49 was significantly lower in the patients who survived longer. Multivariate analysis revealed that peaks 19 and 49 were independent predictors of overall survival as well as conventional risk factors. Protein analysis for the carrier protein revealed that the aberrant N-glycan was harbored by IgA1 or IgG4.

CONCLUSIONS
Aberrant glycosylation of N-glycan on IgA1 or IgG4 may serve as novel biomarkers for RCC. Further validation study is warranted.


Local enterprise boards were first developed as radical initiatives For economic intervention in the early 1980s. Despite the closeness of their dates of birth, however, and the apparent similarity of the organizational forms (and titles) which they adopted, the differences between the boards were as significant as their shared features. The ambitions of each of the five first-wave boards were quite distinct. Some were more radical than others: some were concerned to challenge the market, whilst others were more concerned to work with it. But the experience of market-based intervention through the last decade as well as the legislative and financial constraints imposed by central government have encouraged a degree of convergence, particularly as grander ambitions have been modified. Partnership with the private sector (including the financial sector) became increasingly important for all of them, to the extent that legislation to restrict the operation of local authority based companies of this sort seems misplaced, at least if it is intended to undermine local socialism. The enterprise boards now seem to offer a better model for the involvement of business in regional and local government, than they do as trojan horses for the local authority left.


Electrostatically actuated Micro-Electro-MechanicalSystems (MEMS) based micromirror is a fundamental building block for a variety of optical network applications, such as optical wavelength-selective switching, add/drop multiplexing, and optical cross-connecting. The design, analysis and testing of a 2-Dimensional (2D) electrostatically actuated torsional MEMS micromirror is presented in this paper. The dual-axis system has been modeled theoretically and the equations describing device behaviors are validated using numerical mathematical software MATHEMATICA. The static and dynamic behaviors of the double-gimbaled electrostatic torsional micromirror have been investigated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools COMSOL and ANSYS. Prototype devices are fabricated using a standard surface micromachining MEMS process through the CMC Microsystems. Both the static and the dynamic testing results are discussed in the paper.


Background : The foramen magnum is a spot in the base of the skull through which vital organs pass. It consists of parts of the occipital bone at the axis and the temporal bones bilaterally. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the foramen magnum dimensions using CT scan images. The study is a descriptive and analytic one using different axial sections of skull images. Methods : the study was carried out at Antalya Medical center - Khartoum state – Sudan at 2021. Fifty patients with well - established diagnoses of normal foramen magnum were included in the study. The maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum were measured, the index was calculated, and the shape was identified. Statistical analysis was performed using (SPSS) version 16. Correlations between the variables were performed using ANOVA analysis, Means, and Chi - Square Tests for correlation. Results : the total number of subjects under study is 50 cases, 23 are male and 27 are female. The age ranges from 20 to 70 years. Different shapes of foramen magnum were observed, and the most common is oval, with no significant difference (p=.277) between males and females. There is a significant difference in the mean foramen magnum width of males and females (p=.001). There is no significant change in foramen magnum length between males and females (p = 0.069). Conclusion : CT scan is a useful and effective tool for measuring foramen magnum dimensions.


Re-pair is a dictionary-based compression method invented in 1999 by J. Larsson and A. Moffat [Off-line dictionary-based compression. Proc. IEEE, 88(11):1722-1732, 2000], lacking up to now an efficiency analysis. We show that re-pair compresses a sequence T[1,n] over an alphabet of size sigma to at most 2nHk + o(n log sigma) bits, for any k = o(logsigma n), where Hk is either the classical information-theory or the empirical k-th order entropy (in the latter, the model is inferred from the sequence statistics).


After the internet explosion in the 90's, technology was immediately integrated into the school system. Technology which symbolizes advancement in human knowledge was seen as a setback by many educators. Efforts have been made to help stem this erroneous believes and help educators realize the benefits of technology and ways of implementing it in the classrooms especially in the sciences. This advancement created a constantly expanding gap between the pupil's perception on the use of technology within the learning atmosphere and the teacher's perception and limitations hence, the focus of this paper is on the need to refocus on the use of Science and Technology in enhancing children's potentials in learning at school especially in Science for sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper recommended measures for facilitating the sustenance of science and technology in Nigerian schools so as to enhance the potentials of our children in Science and Technology for a better tomorrow. Keywords—Children's potential, Educational system, ICT, Sustainable development.


Motivation is an important part of everyone's life, but it might be even more important in drawing people into the military and, almost certainly, t


In this work our intentions were directed in the analysis of the newborn baby anthropo- measures depending to respective harmonically canon. Special attention we have paid to the modeling of the biomechanical wire model of the newborn baby, partially because of its importance that biomechanics should have in growing process of the baby. An exact analysis of a child's figure in describing of its motion is a very complex task. Moreover, it is complex also in the cases when many parameters of the motion are simplified. Results proved the idea of possible interpretation of the wire model which corresponds to harmonically calculated values.


The X-ray crystal structure of the title compound has been elucidated from photographic data by symbolic addition and Fourier methods, and has been refined by least-squares to R 0·086 for 1102 independent reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z= 4, with a= 14·51, b= 16·71, c= 10·11 A, β= 93·0°. An open C12 ring is attached to a 'butterfly' Ru4 cluster by means of a unique allyl group which is σ bonded to the cluster 'hinge' at both ends and π bonded to the cluster 'tips' on both sides. There is a further attachment from the ring to one of the butterfly tips by a second (normal)π-allyl group.In the cluster the Ru–Ru bond lengths are all ca. 2·78 A except for the hinge distance Ru(1)–Ru(2)(2·85 A). There is no direct Ru–Ru bonding across the wing-tips of the butterfly (distance 3·67 A), but three carbon atoms [C(1), C(12), and C(11)] of the C12 ring are held symmetrically between the tips of the cluster Ru(3) and Ru(4), and are coplanar with the hinge Ru atoms. The C12 ring is again bonded to Ru(4) through C(5), C(6), and C(7). Ru(4) carries one terminal carbonyl group in an axial position relative to the Ru(1), Ru(2), Ru(4) plane, while each of the other three ruthenium atoms carries three terminal carbonyl groups, of which two are approximately equatorial and one is axial relative to the Ru(1), Ru(2), Ru(3) plane. The nature of the novel bridging allyl group is discussed. Mean Ru–C and C–O distances for the carbonyl ligands are 1·87 and 1·17 A. All bond lengths have relatively high standard deviations and the details of the geometry of the C12 ring are not well defined.