Will faster networks simply allow us to do the same things more quickly, or will they set us free to imagine new possibilities? The "Futures Testbed" at BT Labs was conceived as an attempt to answer this and other questions by providing the 700 people in BT's long-term research community with high speed network connectivity from their desktops, homes and when on the move. The testbed uses a range of network technologies to satisfy these requirements, including ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) at bit rates up to 155 Mbps; fast ethernet; switched ethernet; single node ethernet subnets; radio LANs; dial-on-demand ISDN; the GSM data service; and the humble modem over standard telephone lines. Collaborative work with universities uses a 10 Mbps SMDS (switched multimegabit data service) link to SuperJANET, and links to the European ATM pilot can be provided as required. Although AppleTalk and IPX are of some importance in this user community, the glue for the testbed is TCP/IP, and the most interesting areas of development continue to be in IP and ATM. The testbed is used for examining potential scenarios for the convergence of the Internet with more traditional telecommunications networks.


The epigenetic regulation in cellular senescence receives more and more attention. Polycomb group proteins play key roles in gene silencing mediated by histone modification , especially methylation on histone and are invovled in development , proliferation , differeciation and tumour genesis etc. It was reported that many components of the polycomb were involved in the process of senescence. In this review , we summarized the mechanism of polycomb in gene silencing during the cellular senscence and presented the current experimental evidences related to polycomb and senescence , especially on the regulation of p16. Multiple polycomb are accumulated on p 16 INK 4 a loci simultaneously in the interdependent manner. They function as a whole complex while individually keep its own effect as well. We are trying to deepen the understanding the mechanism of cellular senescence from epigenetic point of view.


The cardioprotective effects of sodium tetraborate in chromium intoxication, correction of lipid profile and oxidative stress have been investigated. The experiment has been performed on 36 Wistar male rats, divided into 6 groups. I - control; II, III, and IV groups received potassium bichromate (K2Cr2O7) 700 mg/l with drinking water; rats of the III and IV groups received additionally orally a solution of sodium tetraborate (Na2B7O7) in doses of 22.5 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg per day, respectively. Animals of the V and VI groups received orally only Na2B7O7 solution at the rate respectively 22.5 and 225 mg/kg weight per day. The study duration was 21 days. The introduction of K2Cr2O7 increases content of malondialdehyde and carbonial protein in cardiac tissue, activates the antioxidant system of the heart, expands the levels of biomarkers of cardiotoxicity and increases the atherogenic index. The introduction of Na2B7O7 (22.5 mg/kg) reduces the toxic effect of K2Cr2O7 (cardioprotective effect). The use of Na2B4O7 (225 mg/kg) does not give a positive effect. In the group receiving only Na2B4O7 (22.5 mg/kg), inhibition of lipid oxidation and protein is observed, decrease of toxicity of biomarkers and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), i.e. antioxidant effect. On the contrary Na2B4O7 (225 mg/kg) shows the prooxidant property.


On an otherwise ordinary Monday in early October 2017, nuclear monitoring sites across Europe began detecting radioactive ruthenium-106 in the filters that they use to collect air samples. Members of an informal network of the laboratories started calling one another to see if they had recorded similar measurements. When they realized they all were observing the radioactive material, they knew a nuclear event had occurred. The radioactive material never posed a threat to human health because the concentrations were low. Researchers have now concluded that the most likely source was a fire or explosion at the Mayak production plant in the Ural Mountains of Russia sometime between the evening of Sept. 25 and the afternoon of Sept. 26 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907571116). "This is an outstanding case study in radiochemical forensics," says Neil Hyatt, an expert in nuclear materials chemistry at the University of Sheffield. The


The focus of this paper is the use of the Portuguese language in identification practices by a small group of Brazilians living in the Brazilian community of London. I firstly aim to provide a general account of the main political, social, demographic, cultural and linguistic factors affecting these Brazilian migrants, examining in particular the links berween language and identity from the perspective of a group of mothers who take their children to Portuguese lessons. I then focus on three of the offspring to assess how they are affected by their mothers' self-identification. Hence, this paper seeks to provide insight on the irnportance of language in the construction of identity of a group of mothers of Brazilian heritage in England, and how their positionins affects their children's identification and linguistic practices.


Landslide-generated impulse waves are considered a severe danger for humans and infrastructure. Design formulas following intensive laboratory research allow for a quick assessment of potential slide-event wave features. Unfortunately, prototype data are rare except for underwater slide deposits often corresponding to the only traces of a past event. If past events could be back-analyzed based on in situ scanned underwater slide deposits, the existing assessment approaches could be supported. Video recordings of 41 slide-generated impulse wave tests in a two-dimensional (2D) wave channel were analyzed regarding the underwater slide dynamics and their final deposition patterns. The underwater slide propagation process is described for three specifically selected tests. Correlation equations are presented for underwater slide front propagation and velocity, which are also useful for numerical modeling purposes. In addition, correlation equations are given for slide deposit features, including length and thickness, allowing for their estimation based on initial slide parameters.


In a day when we see ever more clearly the inter-relation of political, economic, social, and humanitarian factors in national development and international relations, there has been a growing awareness that migration is a matter of international concern with wide implications for economic growth and political stability. Orderly migration planned internationally cannot solve the tensions that result from local overpopulation whether that situation results from economic causes, as in southern Europe, or from political or ideological dissent, as with religious movements, but it can do much to ameliorate them. It is equally true that neither national nor bi-national arrangements are adequate to cope satisfactorily with the contemporary complexities of selection, training and rational redistribution of people in response to the needs and opportunities of countries in different parts of the world as well as to individual aspirations. Only gradually have governments learned to recognize these facts; probably most governments have not fully appreciated them as yet. But despite their attempts to limit in time, money, and area their commitments in regard to multinational organ-


Abstract We prove that all invariant random subgroups of the lamplighter group L are co-sofic. It follows that L is permutation stable, providing an example of an infinitely presented such group. Our proof applies more generally to all permutational wreath products of finitely generated abelian groups. We rely on the pointwise ergodic theorem for amenable groups.


This report describes Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-2-3, a newly recognized pathogen of foliar blight of soybean. This group was separated from other subgroups of AG-2 analyzing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA repetitive units. The ITS regions of 35 isolates of AG-2, containing 17 isolates of AG-2-3, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by digestion with 4 restriction enzymes (EcoRI, HaeIII, MspI and TagI). Clear restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found among AG-2 subgroups. The polymorphisms suggest that the group AG-2-3 is a genetically distinct subgroup of AG-2. (Received June 22, 1994)


Detached eclipsing binaries constitute potential accurate distance tracers. They are also useful as the test bench of stellar evolution. In BD–00° 3357 eclipses are partial and its orbital period is 1.d4. Our combined spectroscopic and photometric solution yields secure parameters of this system. The model of the star was obtained using the Wilson-Devinney method. As result we obtained a semi major axis of 7.65 R⊙ and a mass ratio of 0.78. The derived masses and radii are M1 = 1.73 M⊙,M2 = 1.34 M⊙R1 = 1.78 R⊙, R2 = 1.32 R⊙, respectively. These values correspond to the slightly evolved F0 and F6.5 components, both slightly less than 1Gyr old. The distance of the star was estimated to be 310 ± 60 pc, and the corresponding photometric parallax is 3.24 ± 0.74 mas. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A famous brand as a trademark which has good reputation and credit standing in the market is familiar with public.Its protection reflects the legal system status and economic potentiality to some extent,so various countries always attach importance to the famous brand protection.Contrast to the protection of normal trademark,the famous brand protection is stronger which is shown in follows.1.The protection range is expanded.The famous brand can be protected in cross trade and among various commodity types.2.The owner can obtain the International legal protection in relative member nation for their famous brand by International Trademark Registration.3.Much law or code like "Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China","Implementing Regulations of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China","General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China","Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" and the relative judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate provide legal basis at various aspects and angles to the famous brand.


ABSTRACTThe present paper deals with the photoluminescence (PL) of the multicolor silicon (MC-Si) – a nanocrystalline layer produced by the surface structure chemical transfer (SSCT) method on the p-type Si. The PL behaviours recorded at room temperature are compared with ∼500-nm-thick porous Si prepared electrochemically in the HF + methanol solution on the same Si substrate. The PL spectra of porous Si are shifted to higher energy in comparison with MC-Si. The PL records were fitted by Gaussian curves. We attribute the PL band of porous Si with maximum 2.3 eV to the own luminescence of ∼2.5-nm-thick nanocrystalline Si grains observed due to quantum confinement. This PL band is missing in the PL spectra of MC-Si structures due to the absence of Si nanocrystals of similar size. The PL bands of both MC-Si and porous Si between 1.89 and 2.05 eV are connected with SiO(x) compounds covering the surfaces of Si nanocrystals. Additional two PL bands of all MC-Si structures at 1.69–1.70 eV and 1.80–1.84 eV we rel...


This study was divided into two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative part aimed at investigating the effect of Vocabulary Centered Strategy (VCS), which was developed by the researcher himself, on the reading comprehension of the Saudi intermediate students. The qualitative part attempted to discover how teachers felt and thought this strategy affected their students' vocabulary acquisition. The sample of the study consisted of four ten male students' sections. The first two sections were assigned for the experimental group and were taught the vocabulary following VCS. The second two sections were assigned for the control group and were taught the same vocabulary following the Saudi teacher's book instructions. The experiment under investigation continued for 12 weeks. Ten male volunteer teachers were asked to adopt VCS in their classes and then were interviewed. Data for this study was obtained from two sources: pretest-posttest and interviews. The results of the t-test showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups on students' reading comprehension in favor of the experimental group. The results of the interview showed that teachers liked VCS. These results were summarized into a set of three main categories: (1) motivation, (2) memorization and (3) self-confidence and autonomy. A comparison between the results of the two parts of the study was made in order to strengthen the results of this study.


This article provides an analysis of Maya Lin's final memorial, What is Missing? (WIM), to understand how it rhetorically draws awareness to the material impacts of the nature-culture divide. Lin's memorial argues for preserving the natural world through combining visual, aural, and textual elements and employing locus of the irreparable within an online interface. The combination of these rhetorical strategies, as well as the interaction between form and content, disrupts the human gaze, which frames nature as an object for consumption. WIM also activates mastery-harmony, othering-connection, and exploitation-idealism dialectics to highlight the tension between these opposing perspectives and to create discursive openings for new understandings of the human–nature relationship.


Green ̄uorescent protein (GFP) has many advantages as a reporter molecule, but its stability makes it unsuitable for monitoring dynamic changes in gene expression, among other applications. Destabilized GFPs have been developed for bacterial and mammalian systems to counter this problem. Here, we extend such advances to the yeast model. We fused the PEST-rich 178 carboxyl-terminal residues of the G1 cyclin Cln2 to the C terminus of yEGFP3 (a yeastand FACS-optimized GFP variant), creating yEGFP3Cln2PEST. We tested the hybrid protein after integrating modules harbouring the yEGFP3 or yEGFP3±CLN2PEST ORFs into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. yEGFP3± Cln2PEST had a markedly shorter half-life (tK) than yEGFP3; inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide lead to a rapid decline in GFP content and ̄uorescence (tK y30 min) in cells expressing yEGFP3±Cln2PEST, whereas these parameters were quite stable in yEGFP3-expressing cells (tK y7 h). We placed yEGFP3±CLN2PEST under the control of the CUP1 promoter, which is induced only transiently by copper. This transience was readily discernible with yEGFP3±Cln2PEST, whereas yEGFP3 reported only on CUP1 switch-on, albeit more slowly than yEGFP3±Cln2PEST. Cell cycle-regulated transcriptional activation/inactivation of the CLN2 promoter was also discernible with yEGFP3± Cln2PEST, using cultures that were previously synchronized with nocodazole. In comparison to CLN2, expression from the ACT1 promoter was stable after release from nocodazole. We also applied a novel ̄ow-cytometric technique for cell cycle analysis with asynchronous cultures. The marked periodicities of CLN2 and CLB2 (mitotic cyclin) transcription were readily evident from cellular yEGFP3±Cln2PEST levels with this nonperturbing approach. The results represent the ®rst reported successful destabilization of a yeast±GFP. This new construct expands the range of GFP applications open to yeast workers. Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It has been successfully demonstrated that the removal of all internal reinforcing steel from the deck slab of concrete slab on steel girder bridges is possible. The internal steel reinforcement is not replaced with another synthetic or non-ferrous reinforcement; but, rather the whole bridge deck structural system is modified with the addition of external steel straps. Such a system is now being referred to as a steel-free concrete bridge deck system. Experimental testing has demonstrated the feasibility of the concept and the substantial ultimate load capacity of the system. A highway bridge utilizing this technology has been in operation since December, 1995. This thesis examines in detail the behaviour of the steel-free concrete bridge deck system under static load conditions. A rational model is developed which reliably predicts the behaviour of the system. Verification of the model is demonstrated through analysis of previous experimental works. An experimental program is undertaken to access many of the serviceability and ultimate load characteristics of the system. Using the rational model, a parametric study is undertaken to establish the effect of the various key geometric and material parameters on the behaviour of the system. Finally, design recommendation are presented and discussed in light of the findings of this thesis as well as the current draft recommendations of the new Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code.


The paper discusses a number of issues related to the origin of the stem And(om) that occurs in substrate toponyms of the European North of Russia, e.g. Andozero, Andoma, Andomozero, Andoba (historical Andoma), etc. The first section dives into the history of studying this element, covering the existing etymologies, their benefits and limitations. In the second section, the author sets out her own hypothesis, according to which, at least the toponyms featuring the extended stem Andom- can be consistently interpreted as a combination of the attribute An- ~ Saam. ænȃ 'big' and the determinant -dom 'mountain, settlement,' now found very locally on a small territory between Central and Northern Russia. Unlike previous explanations, this one assumes the stem should be split into An- and -dom components, and not into And- and -om, as suggested earlier. The author notes that the determinant -dom has not been distinguished before because of the homonymous toponymic final -dom(a), formed as a combination of the final consonant of the stem -d with the formant -om(a). Accordingly, it is assumed that the range of the determinant -dom should be wider than the identified small zone, reaching out further to the north where it overlaps with toponyms with the stem Andom-. The hypothesis is substantiated by some statistical data, as well as information about the physical and geographical characteristics of a number of places named with toponyms in Andom-: Andoma mountain in the Vologda region, a group of Andoma lakes at the base of the mountain range on the Kola Peninsula, Andoma river in the Kostroma region and three rivers Andanga : *Andom(n)ga in the basin of the river Yug having characteristically high and steep sections of the coast.


Four sequentially ordered co-polyesters have been synthesized. In order to preclude any possibility of sequence randomization, a typical plycondensation method has been developed to carry the reaction out at room temperature in presence of a phosphorilating agent. The method consisted of synthesis of a symmetric trimeric compound with a predesigned monomer sequence and its polymerization with a second monomer. The effect of reaction parameters for the synthesis of these polymers, viz. temperature, reaction time, monomer concentration and solvent, on the yield and molecular weight of the polymers have been studied by carrying out the polycondensation process under different reaction conditions. Qualitative structure analysis of the polymers has been carried out by FTIR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were adopted for thermal analysis of the polymers. Three dimensional molecular structures of the polymers were studied by Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) technique. Texture of liquid crystal polymers were identified by the photomicrographs obtained from optical microscopy. Mesomorphic nature of the polymers would be interpreted by a combination of WAXD and the thermal treatment of the polymers.


Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), being an aggressive malignancy, is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant types of head and neck SCC worldwide. The recent studies suggested that αB‐crystallin might play an important role in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the αB‐crystallin expression level in metastatic and nonmetastatic laryngeal SCC tissues and to determine its prognostic significance.


Abstract Various chemical, physical and mechanical methods to prevent unwanted deposition of mineral scale are briefly described. The suitability of the different methods, which largely depends on the specific features and requirements of the system involved, is discussed. Special emphasis is placed upon the threshold treatment, where the growth process is retarded by the addition of trace amounts of growth inhibitors. Growth experiments have been performed on barium sulfate and calcium sulfate dihydrate seed crystals. suspended in a supersaturated solution with and without organic bisphosphonates as inhibitors. Two methods are selected for the analysis of the growth data, A degree of inhibition is defined to obtain a quantitative description of the influence of a growth inhibitor on the growth rate of the crystals. In addition the influence of the molecular structure of various bisphosphonates with different substituents is shown. The effect of a bisphosphonate on the geometry of calcium sulfate dihydrat...


Low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy with permanent iodine-125 is an important curative treatment for low-risk prostate cancer, and it has been demonstrated that brachytherapy with permanent seeds is an effective treatment. However, differences in prostate volume, spatial location, and gland deformation between images obtained in the pre-planning phase and those obtained during the implantation procedure affect accurate delivery of the pre-planned dose. Furthermore, the complicated procedure could be a burden to elderly patients, for example, the risks associated with general anesthesia. In addition, ultrasound images are not as clear as computed tomography (CT) images with regard to identifying the location of seeds. Therefore, a new method for guidance during the procedure is urgently needed. Here, we have described a new method for precise trans-perirectal insertion of radioactive iodine-125 seeds in patients with prostate cancer under the guidance of CT and a 3D-printed template. These are some of the advantages of this technique over the standard procedure for seed implantation in the prostate: It requires only local anesthesia, the pre-planning phase can be completed before the procedure, and the operation time is considerably shorter. This report describes trans-pararectal iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for prostate cancer under local anesthesia and the guidance of a 3D printed template in two elderly patients. The dose parameters determined in the preoperative planning phase were verified postoperatively and found to be consistent. Further, the procedure was completely successfully with no major complications in both cases, and the patients' prostate-specific antigen levels were normal at the most recent follow-up conducted 50 months after the procedure. Therefore, this technique seems promising for prostate cancer brachytherapy, and its application needs to be researched and extended further in the future.


Spectroscopic methods are used to investigate coordination structure of N-picolylpolyurethane transition metal complexes (PUPYM, M = Co2+ and Ni2+). Geometrical arrangement of ligands in first-shell coordination sphere of metal ions is postulated to be tetrahedral CoL2Cl2 and octahedral NiL2Cl2Z2, where L is the picolyl group and Z is a hydrate. From extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, bond lengths for metal−chlorine and metal−ligand of PUPYM are similar to those of small molecular weight transition metal complexes. A two-phase model of PUPYM, which best describes the experimental data of DMTA and SAXS, is proposed. One microphase is the hard domain of self-segregated hard segments brought about by metal−ligand interaction, and the other phase is the matrix of soft segments. Transition metal ion−ligand moieties and their interactions dominate the macroscopic thermal behavior of PUPYM. The ligand field stabilization energy difference (ΔLFSE) between metal d-electrons in complexes wit...


A series of collaborative R&D ventures have emerged in Taiwan, within a quite distinctive institutional framework. Unlike the case of many of the collaborative arrangements between established firms in the US, Europe or Japan, where mutual risk reduction is frequently the driving influence, in the case of Taiwan it is technological learning, upgrading and catch-up industry creation that is the object of the collaborative exercises. The Taiwan R&D alliances were formed hesitantly in the 1980s, but have flourished in the 1990s as institutional forms have been found which encourage firms to cooperate in raising their technological levels. Most of these alliances are in the information technology sectors, covering personal computers, work stations, servers and multimedia, as well as a range of consumer products and telecommunications and data switching systems and products. But they have also emerged in other sectors such as automotive engines, motor cycles, electric vehicles, and in the services and financial sector as well. Several such alliances could be counted in Taiwan in the late-1990s, bringing together firms, and public sector research institutes, with the added organizational input of trade associations, and catalytic financial assistance from government. The paper discusses the evolving organizational architecture of these R&D alliances, utilizing several case studies, and seeks to draw comparisons between these institutional innovations in Taiwan and established collaborative arrangements in the USA, Japan and Europe.


In a highly publicized study of members of the press and media by Freedom Forum and the Roper Center l it was reported that 89% of the members of the fourth estate had voted Democratic in a series of elections. The inference to be drawn from thi s study by most observers was that members of the press and media were drawn overwhelmingly from the liberal wing of the political spectrum and that this OIientation in their political views could and probably would influence the way that they covered and reported the news. The long-alleged liberal bias of the media was supported by this study and by subsequent documentation. In recent years there have been similar allegations made about the National Council of Catholic Bishops based on some of the statements and policy papers emanating from the NCCB particularly those relating to public policy rather than issues of faith and morals . During the cold war, particularly, commentaries on wars carried on by Soviet surfogate groups in Nicaragua and El Salvador were largely reflective of the policies of the liberal wing of the Democratic Party and in opposition to those of the Reagan and Bush I administrations. The bishops' statement on atomic weapons leaned heavily in the direction of the "ban the bomb" strategy rather than a policy of deterrence. More recent statements such as "The Many faces of AIDS" and "Always Our Children" , in contrast to papal statements such as the 1975 Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics and a Letter to the Bishops on Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons in 1986 seemed to many Catholics to be tilted toward the liberal position of tolerance for and sympathy with the Gay Rights movement. It would be simplistic and unwarranted, of course , to attempt to identify the policies and platforms of a particular political party with the overall teachings of the Catholic Church in the United States or with the positions of the Magisterium on important moral issues.


Using the potentials derived from Ps(jv) meson theory of the second and fourth order, neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering at 40 Mev and 90 Mev in the laboratory system are examined. Calculation is performed by numerical integrations. The characteristic features of high energy nudeon-nudeon scattering are fairly well explained by our pseudoscalar meson potential. Using the potentials derived from Ps(jv) meson theory of the second and fourth order, neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering at 40 Mev and 90 Mev in the laboratory system are examined. Calculation is performed by numerical integrations. The characteristic features of high energy nudeon-nudeon scattering are fairly well explained by our pseudoscalar meson potential.


It was shown that two body-centered-cubic skeleton structures, the Im3 KSbO/sub 3/ phase and the defect-pyrochlore phase A(/sup+/)B2X6, do exhibit fast Na(/sup +/)-ion transport. The activation energies are higher than those found in beta-alumina. There are two possible explanations for the higher activation energy: breathing of the bottleneck (site face or edge) through which the A(/sup +/) ions must pass on jumping from one site to another may be easier in a layer structure and/or A(/sup +)--O bonding may be stronger in the cubic structures because the O(/sup 2//sup -/) ion bonds with two (instead of three) cations of the skeleton. If the former explanation is dominant, a lower activation energy may be achieved by optimizing the lattice parameter. If the latter is dominant, a new structural principle may have to be explored.


Abstract : Hot pressing of Al2O3 with and without LiF is described, and the resultant bodies are characterized. Addition of LiF significantly enhances densification, allowing dense bodies to be obtained at about 1100C, which is 200 to 300C lower than without additives. However, the additives result in exaggerated grain growth even during hot pressing. Though the fluoride content is reduced, both during hot pressing and subsequent annealing, some fluoride remains which could be detrimental to some properties of bodies made with LiF. Some of the problems and defects of pressing are emphasized as an aid to improving the process. Particular attention is given to the analysis of H2O, CO2, and S impurities (which are probably present as chemically bounded anions) and some of their known and possible effects on microstructure and behavior in materials made with and without additives.


Studies explaining the timeliness and correctness of the transposition of EU directives into national legislation have provided rather inconclusive findings. Therefore, they do not offer a clear-cut prediction concerning the transposition of the patients' rights directive, which is one of the first that concerns the organisation and financing of national healthcare systems. This paper applies the perspective of bounded rationality to explain (irregularities in) the timely and correct transposition of EU directives. The cognitive and organisational constraints long posited by the bounded rationality perspective may affect the commonly employed explanatory factors of administrative capacities, misfit, and the heterogeneity of preferences among veto players. To prevent retrospective rationalisation of the transposition process, this paper traces this process as it unfolded in Denmark and the Netherlands. As 1 Financial support from the Danish Research Council project no. 10-079675/FSE is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Oliver Treib, Dimiter Toshkov and the other participants of the workshop on implementing social Europe in Copenhagen in March 2013 and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on previous versions of this paper. 2 bounded rationality is apparent in the transposition processes in these relatively well-organised countries, future transposition studies should devote greater consideration to the bounded rationality


There is a diversity of students in every classroom, and the process of adapting to their individual needs is called differentiation. Due to increasing diffrences among students, the greater emphasis on equal opportunities, and the introduction of the two-level secondary final examination it is becoming a more and more acute need. However, teachers in Hungary face both professional and practical difficulties with applying the method. The aim of my thesis is to find ways of facilitating differentiation in Hungarian secondary mathematics education. I use the acronyms CLFE and ELFE for the Core and Extended Level of Final Examinations, respectively.


Based on health considerations there are good reasons to cover open distribution reservoirs; unfortunately these good reasons are accompanied by the cold fact of a large construction cost which provides no additional revenue. The quality of water delivered to the consumer is a matter of highest priority to all members of the water-supply field. Goals have been set to establish quality standards for water leaving filtration plants, but the achievement of these goals does not mean that the quality of the water delivered to the consumer will even remotely approach the high standards attained at the filtration plant. Degradation of water quality from point of treatment to point of delivery occurs in storage and distribution systems. Open distribution reservoirs are a particular source of water quality deterioration; regulatory agencies generally forbid their design and construction unless covered.


The proposed of the present work is to develop a method for rigorous prediction of separation performance of the HIDiC. A process simulator (gPROMS) for prediction of performance of the HIDiC with random packing is developed by rate-based model using Maxwell-Stefan equations. The vapor and liquid flow rates of HIDiC increased from the bottom to the top in the stripping section. In the rectifying section, however, the flow rates decreased from the bottom to the top. Evaporation of liquid in the stripping section and the condensation of vapor in the rectifying section take place. Comparison was made observed data from a bench-scale separation (benzene-toluene system) HIDiC plant, about 16 m in height and 254 mm in diameter (concentric R&A sections) and simulation results. The energy-saving ratio shows a good agreement with observed data. The bench HIDiC showed about 40% reduction of energy consumption compared with the conventional distillation column. The effect of nonequilibrium of temperature in the HIDiC is also discussed.


Parabramis pekinensis was taken as raw material to make reacted meat flavor through zymohydrolysis and Maillard reaction in this study.The meat flavor essence smelt like strong meat and soysauce flavor without fishiness.The aroma components from it was extracted and identified by headspace solid phase micro-extraction(HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS) in association with retention indices(RI).The relative odor activity value(ROAV) was applied to confirm the characteristic aroma components of the meat flavor essence.The flavor characteristic and the sources of the characteristic aroma components were also analyzed.The results indicated that Dimethyl Trisulfide,Nonanal,(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal,(E)-2-Nonenal,(E)-2-Decenal,Dimethyl Disulfide,Octanal,3-Methyl Butanal,(E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal,Hexanal,2,5-Dimethyl Pyrazine,n-Hexanoic Acid,Ethenyl Ester,Heptanol,1-Octene-3-ol,2-Pentyl Furan,(E)-2-Octenal and Heptanal,altogether 17 aroma components were the characteristic aroma components of self-made meat flavor essence.


The article describes special features ofaikido and its moral and pedagogical potential. The article contains substantiation of the «self-advantage» conception which is focused on harmony of physical and moral components of person's behaviour.


Global intellectual property reform has been underway since the early 1990s (Box 1). With respect to international trade, a central pillar of the reform is the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) that came into effect on 1 January 1995. Clearly, a strengthening of intellectual property laws worldwide can benefit those in industrialised nations who own most of the intellectual properties (e.g. copyrights on books, music, and software, patent rights on inventions, and trademark rights on business symbols and names).....


In his study of right-to-work (RTW) laws, Richard Vedder (2010) outlined the classical-liberal argument regarding workplace liberty and offered evidence of the effects of RTW legislation on employment and output in individual states. He found that RTW laws have a positive impact on both jobs and output as firms and workers move to states with greater economic freedom. This article extends Vedder s work by examining the impact of RTW laws on productivity and population growth. We begin with a review of the literature on both issues. Second, we reprise the exposition of labor demand theory offered by Hicks and LaFaive (2013), directly tying their work to estimates of total factor productivity (TFP), the Solow residual, and labor productivity across RTW and non-RTW states. Third, we re-evaluate earlier estimates of the effect of RTW laws on population growth offered by Hicks (2012) and Hicks and LaFaive (2013). In doing so, we incorporate an identification strategy introduced by Hicks (2012) designed to adjust for population growth unrelated to RTW legislation. The Impact of Right-to-Work Legislation: A Review of the Literature The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (the Wagner Act) did not permit states to restrict union contracts from mandating universal union membership within a union-represented establishment. In 1947, the Taft-Hartley Act allowed states to opt out of this requirement and allowed employees to avoid union membership and payment of union dues. The affirming vote of states to permit this union opt-out has become known as RTW legislation. Some state legislatures actually voted for RTW laws prior to passage of the Taft-Hartley Act. The states that first passed RTW laws were heavily concentrated in the South, Soudiwest, and Great Plains. Those regions were not heavily industrialized at the time and did not possess large transportation sectors. Furthermore, there was considerable cultural opposition in the South toward the labor movement (Black and Black 1989). Since the Taft-Hartley Act, 25 states have passed RTW legislation, with Indiana doing so twice. The two most recent adopters are in tire heavily unionized manufacturing states of Indiana and Michigan. A large body of analysis has been performed regarding the impact of RTW legislation. The role of RTW legislation on unionization levels and rates has a long empirical history (Dickens and Leonard 1985, Freeman 1985, Farber 1987, Lazear 1988, Reder 1988, Jarley and Fiorito 1990, Moore 1998) and generally concludes that RTW laws reduce private-sector union participation, although some later works (e.g., Koeller 1994) find no impact. Newman (1983) focused on RTW laws in the South from the 1940s through 1970s and found that RTW legislation was a significant contributor to population growth as labor-intensive manufacturing firms moved to RTW states. Holmes (1998) extended Newman's work by using RTW as an identification tool to siphon out the impact of other business-friendly policies on firm location at the county level. His study was especially important in that it included a broad range of business-friendly policies in a carefully executed study of counties in different states but with contiguous borders. Holmes (1998) reports a very large increase in manufacturing employment in places with business-friendly policies and no unusual geographic complications. For example, he notes that while Louisiana and Mississippi are both RTW states, their border shows stark differences in manufacturing location because Louisiana has a long history of unfriendly policies toward business. More recently, Stevans (2009) introduced an endogeneity correction in the adoption of a RTW law. Since it is possible that local factors (such as strong unions) prevent the passage of RTW laws, any test of RTW versus non-RTW states is not a natural experiment. Stevans found that after applying an econometric correction for the endogeneity problem, there were no wage or employment effects of RTW legislation. …


THURMAN, JAMES ARNOLD. Numerical Studies of Synoptic and Mesoscale Environments Conducive to Heavy Rainfall in Tropical and Extratropical Systems. (Under the direction of Yuh-Lang Lin.) The purpose of this research was to examine the environments conducive to heavy rainfall production, specifically a landfalling hurricane, Hurricane Floyd (September 1999) and an Alpine event, MAP IOP-2B (September 1999). In addition to studying the two events independently, a third study examined the link between Floyd's extratropical transition and IOP-2B given that the two events occurred a few days apart. Analysis of observations of both events led to the formation of the hypothesis that the coupling of transverse ageostrophic circulations over a preexisting low-level confluence zone was a key precursor to heavy rainfall production. In both cases, a low-level confluence zone was found based on the observations and simulations. For Floyd, the confluence zone developed as warm easterly winds ahead of the hurricane became juxtaposed with cooler northeast winds just inland over North Carolina and Virginia. In IOP-2B, the confluence zone developed as southerly winds from the Mediterranean became juxtaposed with easterly and southeasterly winds from eastern Italy. These easterlies and southeasterlies developed as southeast winds from the Adriatic Sea impinged upon the eastern Alps, and turned west in the form of a barrier jet. Also, in both cases, upper-level diffluence, due to a split flow, became juxtaposed over the low-level confluence, enhancing the upward motion. MM5 simulations for both events revealed coupled thermally direct and thermally indirect circulations over the low-level confluence zone with their rising branches coupled over the zone, proving the hypothesis. Simulations of Floyd's extratropical transition showed a link existed between Floyd and IOP-2B. Parcels from Floyd's upper-level circulation reached Italy around the time the heavy rainfall developed in IOP-2B. Simulations with and without latent heat release demonstrated the importance of latent heat release in maintaining the upper-level jets and split flow which in turn, aided in the maintenance of convection. Latent heat release was also found to be important in maintaining the strength of the transverse ageostrophic circulations. NUMERICAL STUDIES OF SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE ENVIRONMENTS CONDUCIVE TO HEAVY RAINFALL IN TROPICAL AND EXTRATROPICAL SYSTEMS


The Reserve Bank aims to keep the quality of banknotes in circulation high to ensure that they meet the needs of the public and to make it more difficult for counterfeits to be passed or remain in circulation. This article discusses the quality of banknotes in Australia and Reserve Bank initiatives that have improved the quality of banknotes in recent years.


LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor, has shown promising clinical efficacy in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, its potential effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are still not fully understood. We evaluated the effect of LCZ696 on HFpEF in transverse aortic constriction mice and compared it with the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker, valsartan. We found that LCZ696 improved cardiac diastolic function by reducing ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice with overload‐induced diastolic dysfunction. In addition, there was superior inhibition of LCZ696 than stand‐alone valsartan. As a potential underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that LCZ696 behaves as a potent suppressor of calcium‐mediated calcineurin‐nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signalling transduction pathways. Hence, we demonstrated the protective effects of LCZ696 in overload‐induced HFpEF and provided a pharmaceutical therapeutic strategy for related diseases.


Abstract: PM 2,5  as  one  of the  air pollutions  parameters can  be  derived from burning  wood. Negative impact  from PM 2,5 exposure on health are impaired  lung function.  This study  was conducted to analyze  characteristics, behaviors, lung function  of workers  and PM 2,5 concentration in cecek home industry Katerungan  Village, Krian District of Sidoarjo Regency. This research used cross sectional design with total population, 10 workers.  Indoor PM 2,5  concentration in production area and  warehouse space were  measured using  EPAM 5000  and  workers  lung function  was  measured using spirometry test. Individual characteristics and behaviors of workers  were analysed using descriptive quantitatively to lung  function.  Individual characteristics variable consists of age,  job tenure,  medical history and  BMI. Behavioral variables focus on smoking habit. The result of this research showed that PM 2.5 concentration in production area and warehouse space still under  the environmental quality standards (< 10 mg/m 3 ). 40% workers  in production area and  80% workers  in warehouse space got impaired  lung function.  We can conclude that impaired  lung function  of workers in cecek home industry Katerungan  Village, Krian District of Sidoarjo Regency is not caused of PM 2,5 exposure, but job tenure,  medical history, BMI, smoking habit for more than 5 years and more than 1 pack  per day. Impaired lung function  more  likely happen to worker with job tenure  more  than 5 years,  having  historical respiration  disease, having  wasted nutritional status  and have been smoked more than 5 years and more than 1 pack  per day. The suggestion is that workers with impaired  lung function  should have  advanced diagnosis and  therapy.  For the owner  of a home industry,  should require his workers wearing  masks at work place. Keywords : PM2,5, lung function,  cecek home industry


PORTILHO, E. S.; JUCA, F. T.; SOARES, A. M. D.The pratice of the environmental educa- tion in kindergarten, arousing interest in human values. Revista Universidade Rural: Serie Ciencias da Vida, Seropedica, RJ: EDUR, v.26, n.1-2, p. 139-142, jan.-dez., 2004. The present paper is an account of an educative being at children's education class at the city of Itaguai - RJ, during 2004, on creche Muni- cipal Engenho Encantado. By the reality knowing, necessities and limitation of the persons of the educative process (parents, children and teachers) and the real conditions of the nursery. Guided by the principles of Environmental Education that motivaded us to research, to refl ect and to value our actions during the process of teaching-learning.


The total syntheses of the (+/-)-1-carba analogues of cefoxitin (11), 7 alpha-methoxydeacetylcephalothin (5) and cefamandole (31) and the (+/-)-1-oxa analogue of cefamandole (43) are described. Their bioactivity spectra against 14 typical organisms are similar to those of their natural 1-thia counterparts, with the 1-carba compounds somewhat less active and the 1-oxa compound more active than the natural ones.


Two methodological effects are examined in sequential monadic concept test methodology. Data come from real-world concept tests in which respondents evaluated three concepts. Clear order effects are identified: concepts are evaluated more highly when shown first, compared with their evaluations in later positions. Furthermore, the quality of a given concept is shown to influence respondent evaluations of the subsequent concept. Following good concepts, subsequent concepts are evaluated less positively and vice versa. The conclusion of this work is that methodological details matter in concept-testing practice. Importantly, awareness of such methodological effects allows researchers to minimize their influence.


ABSTRACT During the 1670s, the navy was the focus of increasingly critical scrutiny from parliament and the political nation. This article considers the causes and nature of this criticism, which had its roots in the perceived dominance of the catholic James, duke of York, in the field of naval appointments, and examines the political context of the various inquiries into the state of religious affection in the fleet. By so doing, the article identifies a dilemma which confronted the crown's opponents in the period 1678–81, namely the conflict between the requirement for a strong navy to oppose France and the risk that, because of York's influence over it, that same navy might in fact be an instrument of French and catholic designs. Finally, the response of the officers and men of the navy to the events of the popish plot, exclusion crisis and 'tory reaction' is examined, placing the navy in the mainstream, rather than on the periphery, of the political and religious history of the period.


If looking for a ebook Actuarial Models: The Mathematics of Insurance, Second Edition by Vladimir I. Rotar in pdf format, then you've come to the right site. We present the utter release of this ebook in txt, doc, PDF, DjVu, ePub formats. You can reading Actuarial Models: The Mathematics of Insurance, Second Edition online by Vladimir I. Rotar or download. As well as, on our website you can read the instructions and other artistic books online, either download theirs. We will to invite regard what our website not store the eBook itself, but we give reference to site where you may downloading or reading online. So that if you have must to downloading Actuarial Models: The Mathematics of Insurance, Second Edition by Vladimir I. Rotar pdf , then you have come on to the correct site. We have Actuarial Models: The Mathematics of Insurance, Second Edition DjVu, doc, PDF, ePub, txt formats. We will be pleased if you go back to us over.


In this paper the mapping properties about generalized metric spaces which are connected paracompact are discussed.It is shown that a T_1 connected space with first countability is an almost-open image of a Lasnev connected space,which gives partial answers to a Tkachuk's question on the preimages of connected spaces in 1998.It is also shown that a T_1 connected space with point-G_δproperty is an almost-open image of a connected M_1-space,where a mapping theorem on M_1-spaces is established and then answers the question posed by Nyikos P.J.in 1976.


Key Word : learning, achievement, differences, locus, adolescent ABSTRACT : For many students learning as a mental or psychic activities that take place in active interaction with the environment produce changes in knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes values, these changes are relatively consistent and scar. Learning is a mental activity that can not be seen from the outside. Results of study can not be immediately visible, without someone doing a study that shows the results through learning achievement. Locus of control in academic situations is one of the important variables  attitude because it also affects the learning achievements between locus of control internal and external locus of control. Objectives to be achieved in this study was to test the learning performance differences in terms of locus of control in teenagers. This research was conducted on 100 students at SMAN 37 Jakarta Selatan. Collecting data in this study using a questionnaire to test the validity and reliability and two-sample test data independence is not related to the Mann-Whitney test. From the results general concluded that there are significant differences on student learning achievement of locus of control internal and external locus of control. This is supported by the results of the Mann-Whitney test between learning achievement and locus of control that shows the results with significant -2911 Z 0004 (P 40 items 23 items being tasted that having valid correlation values are in range of a moving correlation between Students with the locus of internal control that have a high school performance compared with a locus of control is external. This is based on the results of calculations based on the mean learning achievement locus of control is known that groups of subjects with an internal locus of control has a mean empirical higher learning achievement than the group of external locus of control. Where is the empirical mean value of learning achievement at the group's internal subject of 1002.29 while the external subject of 921.78. So that it can be said that the accepted field of research.


This study implements the optical characteristics of Poly-Methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer before and after doping different percentages of Lithium Fluoride (LiF). Where the specimens were formulated as disk shape with diameter of (2.5 cm) and thickness of (0.148 cm) using Thermal pressing technology. The absorbance and reflectivity spectra were recorded in addition to their coefficients at range (300-1100) nm. Also, the study has included the determination of refraction and real and imaginary part of dielectric constant coefficients.


We report a case of frontal sinus abscess posted for FESS, a chronic ghutka chewer with MPC IV and restricted mouth opening. Following induction with propofol and succinylcholine we noticed lockjaw when intubation was attempted, he was ventilated and anesthesia was deepened using propofol and dexmedetomidine, after a few minutes the masseter spasm had improved and miller's blade was used for endo tracheal intubation & the procedure was uneventful.


Community health partnerships in Scotland were given a renewed centrality in health policy during 2014. They have, however, experienced mixed success in their 10-year history. Drawing on interviews with senior managers in a large community health partnership, this paper highlights the challenges of leading and managing change and integration across organizational boundaries, seeks to learn from the failures that occurred, and considers the implications for policy implementation in the future.


Not surprisingly, Playing Spaces in Early Women's Drama has little directly to do with Shakespeare's plays. In its study of the cultural meanings of venues and settings and of their strategic uses in the service of "the transformative power of theatre" (43) however, the book invites a reconsideration of the venues for which he wrote and of the fictional scenes—courts, gardens, convents, country houses, and cities—in which his stories take place and in which his female characters create (or temporarily create, or fail to create) spaces for themselves.


First-order magnetostructural phase transitions are inevitably accompanied by large hysteresis, which evokes non-ignorable energy losses a main challenge for the utilization of giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) materials in the emerging magnetic cooling technology. In this work, we present a novel approach to reduce the hysteresis and simultaneously to remain the giant entropy change for La-Fe-Si-based MCE alloys by microstructural manipulation. The microstructure evolution is comprehensively studied by high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM), three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and geometric phase analysis (GAP). For the LaFe13-xSix system via co-doping of Ce and H atoms, we have observed the appearance of nano-sized grains (5 ~ 50 nm) that is totally different from the conventional compositions. Such refinement can be ascribed to the release of internal stresses caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of hydrogen atoms. With the increase of Ce content for (La1-xCex)2Fe11Si2Hy alloys, the value of hysteresis losses can be significantly reduced from 48.3 to 0.6 J kg-1. More importantly, the magnetostructural transition keeps the obvious first-order type, which leads to a large adiabatic temperature change of 2.2 K in 1.3 T upon 105 magnetic cycles, as well as a high refrigeration capacity of 89.4 J kg-1.


Potato is the world's third most widespread food crop, following wheat and rice. Tubers play an important role in the spread of virus diseases in different regions in Bulgaria for seed production. The most important viruses in potatoes in Bulgaria include Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), and Potato virus M (PVM). Most of the viruses in potatoes do not induce symptoms in tubers, which plays an important role in viral dissemination by the growers. In this way, after planting the tubers, the quality and yield of the production may be severely reduced. The use of virus-free tubers by growers is of key importance for the control of diseases and the reduction of loss of production.


Background: Contraceptives are devices or techniques that permit sexual union without resultant pregnancy. Women on different contraceptive methods have been linked with the development of various diseases including changes in serum trace element levels. Therefore, the relationship between contraceptive use and trace elements needs to be investigated. This was a cohort study designed to determine the possible variations in serum concentrations of lead, copper, zinc and selenium in women practicing different contraceptive methods and attending family planning clinic at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Southeast, Nigeria.
Methods: Two hundred and forty (240) women within their reproductive age of 18-45 years were recruited for the study. sixty (60) women were on implants, sixty (60) were on intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) while sixty (60) were on combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP), the remaining sixty (60) women who were not on any contraceptive methods were recruited among the staff of the hospital and used as control group. 5 ml of venous blood sample was collected and dispensed into plain containers. Serum was processed and stored at -20EšC until assayed for lead, copper, selenium and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
Results: The result shows that the mean serum level of copper was significantly higher in women on all the contraceptive methods (Implants, IUCD and COCP) when compared with control group (p<0.05 respectively). However, the mean serum levels of selenium and zinc were significantly lower in women on different contraceptive methods when compared with control group (p<0.05 respectively). The mean serum copper (mg/dl) in women on implant and IUCD were significantly higher when compared with women on COCP (p<0.05 in each case) and significantly lower in implant than IUCD participants (p<0.05). The mean serum level of zinc (mg/dl) was significantly higher in women on COCP and IUCD compared with women on implant and significantly lower in COCP compared with women on IUCD (p<0.05 in each case). The mean serum level of selenium in women on COCP was significantly higher compared with women on implant and IUCD (p<0.05) and significantly lower in participants on implants than those on IUCD (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study established a significant reduction in trace elements degrees suggesting possible deficiency of these minerals while significantly higher level of copper observed in women on all the contraceptive methods suggests potential risk of cardiovascular problems and oxidative stress in the affected women. It is therefore suggested that routine assessment of trace elements be recommended for women practicing various contraceptive methods in order to improve their quality of lives and easy management.


The properties of water withdrawn from a stratified reservoir are investigated in a field study conducted in Lake Burragorang, Australia. It is shown that temperature and turbidity fluctuations of the extracted water are directly correlated to the vertical displacement of the thermal structure of the reservoir immediately in front of the offtake and the thickness of the selective withdrawal layer. Scaling of the unsteady withdrawal revealed that the timescale associated with the formation of selective withdrawal is an order of magnitude smaller than the typical period of the internal wave. This means the withdrawal layer is acting as a filter, extracting water of a particular quality as it is swept past the outlet by the internal seiches; the steady-state theory of the selective withdrawal can be used to predict outflow temperature fluctuations in reservoirs where long internal waves are present. To correctly interpret other outflow water parameters, such as turbidity or dissolved oxygen, it is important ...


Abstract Citizen participation is one of the core values of democracy. Democratization means an increase in citizen participation in public affairs. However, the issue of democratization is rarely studied in the field of public administration. In this article, we use the Taipei City Government (TCG) Citizen Complaints System to illustrate some tensions relating to citizen participation in a newly democratizing country. We interviewed the TCG officials to piece together the puzzle of how the citizen complaints system works. Furthermore, we conducted a survey on how each channel and media is used by citizens to file their complaints. Then, we focused on the development of the Taipei City Mayor's e‐mail box to see how the tension between participation and cost is handled by utilizing newly emerging information technology. We then evaluate these developments in terms of publicity, accessibility, and accountability suggested by Senevirante and Cracknell (Seneviratne, M.; Cracknell, S. Consumer complaints in public sector services. Public Admin. 1988, 66, 181–193). Accordingly, we propose suggestions for improvement from these three aspects for TCG and other governments as well to establish a citizen complaints system that substantiates democracy.


PurposeFirm resilience is critical for firm survival and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether chief executive officer's (CEO) self-oriented perfectionism affects firm resilience by taking into consideration of the mediating role of strategic decision comprehensiveness and the moderating effect of competitive uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the survey method and uses two-wave survey data collected from 140 CEOs in different industries in China. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression model and path analysis are adopted to test the authors' theoretical hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that self-oriented perfectionism drives CEOs to pay attention to thoroughness and detail, which helps enhance strategic decision comprehensiveness and further facilitates firm resilience. Furthermore, the positive effect of CEO's self-oriented perfectionism on strategic decision comprehensiveness is weakened when competitive uncertainty is high.Practical implicationsTo promote firm resilience, self-oriented perfectionism can be considered when hiring or promoting key decision-makers. When making strategic decisions, top managers need to search for adequate information, consider various factors and seek more alternative plans to improve strategic decision comprehensiveness to further facilitate firm resilience.Originality/valueThis study pioneers the influence of CEO's perfectionism on firm resilience and further tackles the underlying mechanism behind the influence, which contributes to extending the micro-foundation of firm resilience and enriching perfectionism literature in the strategic leadership field.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionThe Asian economic crisis in 1998 had caused high unemployment rate in Indonesia. This condition calls for worker cooperatives which can provide their member with jobs, but none has developed properly. As a consequence, worker cooperatives have not been able to make a significant contribution in resolving the problem. This is true especially for worker cooperatives in the loading and unloading services, which was founded by loading and unloading labors in every Indonesian port. The cooperatives face severe capital constraints due to the weakening of loading and unloading activities and increasing demand for the utilization of mechanical loading and unloading equipment.The low member participation and relatively poor capability of administrator in increasing necessary capital to improve the effectiveness of such capital on worker cooperatives in the loading and unloading services have implications on the underdevelopment of the cooperative business. The role of worker cooperatives in overcoming the problem is still a big question. In addition, investigating potential methods to improve worker cooperatives through the empowerment of their member, administrator and human resources manager is also necessary.Therefore, this paper investigates the links between members, administrators and human resources managers of worker cooperatives in the loading and unloading services. This pa- per aims to answer the question of how do cooperative members, administrators, and human resource managers' influences capital of worker cooperatives in the loading and unloading services, both simultaneously and partially.Literature ReviewCooperative, according to Eschenburg (1994), is the process of collective action of two or more economic actors deliberately restricted in order to achieve the same goal. In the International Cooperative Alliance's Statement on the Cooperative Identity (ICA, 1995), a cooperative is defined as: "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise". As according to O'Sullivan and Sheffrin (2003), a cooperative is: "a business organization owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit".Worker Cooperative defined by Harper (2001) as a cooperative is set up to provide jobs, not services, to members. Members of a service cooperative own the cooperative and buy from or sell to it, while members of a worker cooperative own it and also work for it. Soedjono (2003) stated that a worker cooperative is a type of cooperative in which the members are owners, employees and supervisors/controllers of cooperative. This cooperative is managed in a democratic way: "one member, one vote".In a worker cooperative, the administrator and manager are elected by every workerowner in which they are considered and treated as workers of the firm. In traditional form of worker cooperative, all shares are held by the workforce with no outside or consumer owners, and each member has one voting share. In practice, control by worker owners may be exercised through individual, collective, or majority ownership by the workforce, or the use of individual, collective or majority voting rights, which exercised on a one-member one-vote basis (Ridley-Duff, 2009).As stated in the World Declaration on Worker Cooperatives approved by the International Co-operative Alliance, the basic characteristics of the worker cooperative shall be as follows (ICA, 2005):1) They have the objective of creating and maintaining sustainable jobs, generating wealth, allowing workers' democratic selfmanagement, and promoting community and local development.2) Free and voluntary membership.3) Work shall be carried out by the member.4) The worker-member' relation with their cooperative shall be considered as different to that of conventional wage-based labour and to that of autonomous individual work. …


In this paper we argue that the solar activity record, as revealed by telescopic observations and proxy data from the abundances of cosmogenic isotopes, is consistent with the action of a deterministic nonlinear chaotic dynamo. In particular we claim that the long timescale 'super-modulation' apparent in the isotopic record can be ascribed to switching of the dynamo between two different modulational patterns. The first (which is currently in operation) involves deep grand minima and occasional changes in symmetry triggered by these minima. The second, which exhibits only weak modulation and no grand minima, arises as a consequence of symmetry breaking. These processes are demonstrated for highly idealized simple models of the nonlinear dynamo equations.


Abstract Tyrphostin 9 (Tyr 9) is a potent platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, which induces apoptosis in various cancer cell types. The binding of Tyr 9 to the major transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using several spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking method. Fluorescence quenching titration results showed progressive decrease in the protein fluorescence with increasing drug concentrations. A decreasing trend of the Stern-Volmer constant, K sv with increasing temperature characterized the drug-induced quenching as static quenching, thus pointed towards the formation of Tyr 9–HSA complex. The binding constant of Tyr 9–HSA interaction was found to lie within the range 3.48–1.69 × 105 M−1 at three different temperatures, i.e. 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively and suggested intermediate binding affinity between Tyr 9 and HSA. The drug–HSA complex seems to be stabilized by hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, as suggested from the thermodynamic data as well as molecular docking results. The far-UV and the near-UV CD spectral results showed slight alteration in the secondary and tertiary structures, respectively, of the protein upon Tyr 9 binding. Interaction of Tyr 9 with HSA also produced microenvironmental perturbations around protein fluorophores, as evident from the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral results but increased protein's thermal stability. Both competitive drug binding results and molecular docking analysis suggested Sudlow's Site I of HSA as the preferred Tyr 9 binding site. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


Layered hydroxide–porphyrin hybrids are attracting attention on account of their possible photophysical, photochemical, catalytic, and sensing applications. In comparison to free porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules, the hybrids possess several potential advantages such as improved thermal and chemical stability, reduction of aggregation, tuning by layered hydroxide composition, and arrangement in transparent films. This review illustrates recent advances in the design, synthesis, and understanding of the structural alignment of bulky porphyrin-like molecules in the interlayer space. Special emphasis is placed on the utilization of their spectral and photophysical properties for the possible fabrication of light-triggered materials for bactericidal purposes. We describe examples from our laboratory and others, review their catalytic and sensing properties, and highlight the potential directions for further developments.


Article 15 TEU The Council shall adopt decisions which shall define the approach of the Union to a particular matter of a geographical or thematic nature. Member States shall ensure that their national policies conform to the Union positions.


Dear Editor, A pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is potentially life-threatening. Patients with hematologic malignancies may be at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to immunosuppression related to the underlying disease and/or its treatment. Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare leukemic type of primary cutaneous lymphoma, defined by the triad of erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and clonal T cells in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Skin infections frequently occur at sites of breakdown caused by the disease, and may result in death. In addition, chemotherapy and corticosteroids further increase the susceptibility to infection. The outcome of COVID-19 in these patients is unknown. Herein, we present two cases of patients with SS who developed COVID-19. Case 1: A 56-year-old woman without comorbidities was diagnosed with SS in June 2018. She presented with pruritic erythroderma (Figure 1) without palpable lymph nodes, and was treated with extracorporeal photopheresis and interferon alpha, with complete response. In March 2020, she presented with relapse of the skin lesions, and large bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Biopsy of a lymph node was consistent with a diagnosis of large cell transformation of SS. Chemotherapy with gemcitabine was started. In May 2020, she was admitted to the hospital with fever, chills, and progressive cutaneous and nodal disease. She received broad-spectrum antibiotics and a nasopharyngeal swab was positive to SARS-CoV-2. Laboratory parameters are described in Table 1. A chest X-ray was normal and computed tomography (CT) was not performed due to logistic reasons. The clinical course progressed, and palliative care measures were adopted. She died due to progressive SS 5 days after admission. Case 2: A 78-year-old woman with well-controlled arterial hypertension and asthma was diagnosed with SS in February 2020. She presented with pruritic erythroderma and bilateral cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. Treatment with dexamethasone and interferon alpha was started, with partial response. Six weeks later, the skin lesions worsened and gemcitabine was started. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the patient presented with fever and hypotension. She was admitted to the hospital and received broad-spectrum antibiotics. Hypotension was responsive to fluid resuscitation and the patient became afebrile. Cutaneous disease was stable. After 10 days, the patient developed dry cough and respiratory distress. Chest CT showed bilateral ground-glass opacities affecting more than 50% of both lungs (Figure 2). A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARSCoV-2. Laboratory parameters are described in Table 1. Oxygen supplementation was started, but respiratory failure progressed and she died 8 days after the onset of respiratory symptoms, under palliative care. Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 may have a poor outcome, especially if comorbidities are present. SS is a rare disease that affects predominantly elderly patients. Treatment is usually


ABSTRACT Background: Arthropod-borne viruses have recently emerged and are pathogens of various human diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. Methods: We collectedAedes aegyptilarvae (N = 20) from Brumado, Bahia, Brazil, and treated and individually preserved the specimens. We analyzed the samples for dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses using molecular biology methods. Results: We found that 25% (N = 5) and 15% (N = 3) were positive exclusively for dengue and chikungunya viruses, respectively; 15% (N = 3) were coinfected with both. Conclusions: This is the first report of dengue and chikungunya virus coinfection in A. aegypti larvae.


Electrical power plays a very important role in today's modern age. For many applications from micro to macro devices, power transmission is done through transmission lines such as small sensors, satellites and, oil platforms, etc The voltage, current are drawn as output for the coils nothing but air coiled transformer with high frequency. It mainly tells about the advantages of dc over ac. Tesla coil gives the complete study of a wireless transformation of power. As tesla coil is one type of transformer that can be able to produce hundreds and thousands of voltage range levels. It should be able to transfer power without any wires or transmission lines. Telsa coil is also able to use in the places where usage of wires are seemed to be difficult such as wet areas (snow areas, hill areas). We can use this type of coils in telecommunication applications. It transfers power by selecting the medium for it as space.


One of the man concerns of peer-to-peer video streaming over the Internet is the cumulative impact of the Internet packet loss due to the decoding dependency of the compressed video frames. In this paper we study the efficiency of various packet loss recovery policies that can be used in peer-to-peer streaming. Our analytical and simulation results show how different packet loss recovery policies can be effective for peer-to-peer video streaming.


In 1999 the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea heard a complaint of fishing violations, with Australia and New Zealand alleging that Japan had exploited the delicate southern bluefin tuna fisheries in violation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Japan responded, and eventually prevailed, with the argument that the dispute was governed by a separate multilateral treaty concerning the tuna species. The issue of jurisdiction was a major issue in the case. This paper argues that the Tribunal's formation and operation was and is consistent with democracy. It applies four different critiques of international organizations to the Tribunal, with the tenets of democracy used as benchmarks along the way. Part I provides definitions of international fisheries, the Tribunal and the role of a court in a democratic system. Part II lays out the four critiques from four different perspectives. Part III analyzes the Southern Bluefin Tuna case itself, and in applying the critiques finds that the Tribunal's formation and operation did not usurp democracy from its members. * J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law, 2007; B.A. Political Science, University of Washington, 2004. A tremendous thanks to my wife, Sonya for her support during the research and writing of this paper. Depletion-Safe Tuna: Has the UNCLOS Tribunal Usurped its Members' Democracy? 2


The present invention relates to a method for implementing a chip top test reuse, comprising the following steps: S101: Set common header file "nfc_define.h" define the default value; S102: determining whether the module to be tested define default values in the S1 refers default test, if yes, go to step S104, otherwise, to step S103; S103: define the value specified in the generic header file "nfc_define.h" need to use, used to determine the test cases; S104: the define the value is transferred to a test case script; S201: the parameters define the name of the test case, and, to prepare a test file; S301: step S103 according to define the specified value, modifying the header file into a specific common header file.


In this interview Professor Gian Vittorio Caprara shares with us some of his thoughts about personality psychology and organizational psychology, emerging out of a long experience of working in both fields. Many important questions have been raised in these areas where there is a long-lasting concern with how personality should be understood and 'measured'. Professor Caprara addresses this and other pressing issues for theorists and practitioners alike in the present interview.


Estelle Moline accounts for a broad panel of comme-constructions. She shows how the presence of the comme morpheme steadily correlates with the suspension of assertion. She first describes the cases where comme corresponds to the qu- manner proform : in such cases, no assertion is possible within a simple clause, and embedded clauses trigger an indefinite presupposition. She then deals with constructions where comme is not a qu- manner proform : here, in complex clauses, the presupposed content of the embedded clause is definite ; in simple clauses, comme generally shows a kind of distance-taking from the assertion.


Fluctuating pressure measurements within the combustor and tailpipe of a turbofan engine are made simultaneously with far field acoustic measurements. The pressure measurements within the engine are accomplished with cooled semi-infinite waveguide probes utilizing conventional condenser microphones as the transducers. The measurements are taken over a broad range of engine operating conditions and for 16 far field microphone positions between 10 deg and 160 deg relative to the engine inlet axis. Correlation and coherence techniques are used to determine the relative phase and amplitude relationships between the internal pressures and far field acoustic pressures. The results indicate that the combustor is a low frequency source region for acoustic propagation through the tailpipe and out to the far field. Specifically, it is found that the relation between source pressure and the resulting sound pressure involves a 180 deg phase shift. The latter result is obtained by Fourier transforming the cross correlation function between the source pressure and acoustic pressure after removing the propagation delay time. Further, it is found that the transfer function between the source pressure and acoustic pressure has a magnitude approximately proportional to frequency squared. These results are shown to be consistent with a model using a modified source term in Lighthill's turbulence stress tensor, wherein the fluctuating Reynolds stresses are replaced with the pressure fluctuations due to fluctuating entropy.


With water leaving radiance at 2 pm as background light intensity, the simulated signal to noise matio vs measured water depth is given when the 355nm laser is used. The relations of SDD with beam attenuation coefficient c, irradiance attenuation coefficient K and scattering coefficient b are given. Finally, the maximum depths are calculated for measuring the concentration of suspended matter and the coastal depth when the bottom misjudgeme rate is less than 10% in the sea with different SDDs when the 532nm laser is used.


The concept of the well double barrier envelope is a common industry practice and main philosophy of well integrity discipline. This is well-described in some of the international standards: API RP90 (1 & 2), Norsok D10, ISO 16530 (1 & 2).
 This double barrier policy applies to wells with positive pressure at surface capable to flow naturally. Primary barrier envelope consists of well equipment which is continuously under pressure and in direct contact with hydrocarbon. In case primary barrier element fails, secondary barrier envelope will be the one exposed to well media and holding the pressure. This content of this paper is related to such kind of wells that can flow naturally and should comply to the double barrier policy.
 Any failure in the primary barrier envelope (means - completion) normally is addressed during workover by simply re-completing the well with new completion (after retrieval of the old one). This can be done almost unlimited number of times, as long as there is a place to set the packer. Failure in the secondary barrier envelope (means - casing) can be repaired as well, but not that easy and very limited amount of time. In some cases, especially for onshore wells it might be economically more reasonable to drill the new well rather than to deal with complicated workover. Depending on the Company policy, casing integrity can be restored in sections using casing patches or the entire length can renewed by running and cementing casing of smaller diameter. Obviously, in both cases it impacts the size of the completion, further well objectives and cannot be done multiple times.


Cost control over the construction stage can be the barometer of the management of construction business and can directly influence business operation and its sound development.This article elaborates on how to better control the cost from the point of better construction design,efficient control cost of labor,scientific control of material cost,reasonable control of machine cost,feasible construction period,stronger control of quality,contract management,dynamic management on the site,site visa and claim,which is to provide preference.


It has been argued that story retelling can affect language learning. Despite the existence a number of studies on the impact of telling and retelling story on the EFL learners' learning of different aspects of language, no one has ever investigated the impact of story retelling on intermediate Iranian EFL learners' learning of grammar. This study aimed at investigating the impact of story retelling on intermediate Iranian EFL learners' learning of grammar. In doing so, 60 male and female students were selected through convenience sampling. They were divided into two intact classes. The experimental classes were requested to retell the stories told by the teacher twice. After, they received 15 stories, all classes received a test on grammar. The data were analyzed through running independent sample t-tests. The results showed that experimental group outperformed the control group. Therefore, it could be argued that retelling has significant impact on EFL learners' learning of grammar.


The Hezekiah Oluwasanmi Library (HOL), Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, contains a huge collection of native/customary court records from the Western Region during the colonial years (1900 – 1963). Although this collection contains highly sensitive information, it provides information about the customs and traditions of the Yoruba groups during the colonial period, giving a rare and unique facet of the Yoruba culture and history between 1900 -1960s. This rare manuscript of about twelve thousand volumes is unique, irreplaceable and the information provided cannot be obtained anywhere else in the country. Unfortunately, many of the volumes are in poor condition due to age, use, while some have been damaged by insects and humidity. Hence the urgent need to digitize the collection and preserve it for posterity. Thus to facilitate the long-time preservation and accessibility of this collection, our approach in the planning is to focus on three key areas which were work plan for digitization, cost evaluation and sourcing for funding. For the work plan, the activities identified to be carried out include cleaning


Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycotic infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus (1). An American physician, Samuel Darling, who was working in the Canal Zone in Panama, first described histoplasmosis a little over a century ago. He described disseminated form of the disease in a fatal case from Martinique (2). Histoplasmosis occurs in specific endemic areas, such as, North, Central and South America, Africa, India and Southeast Asia while sporadic cases have also been reported in Europe. H. capsulatum is found in the soil of the endemic areas, especially those contaminated with bird and bat droppings (3). The clinical presentation of histoplasmosis ranges from asymptomatic infection or mild respiratory illness to severe disseminated disease. Although histoplasmosis can occur in immunocompetent persons, but International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 06 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


In May 1995, the kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) of alkaline phosphatase in interstitial water, overlying water and surface water were differed significantly in Donghu Lake (Wuhan) and Yanxihu Lake(P 0. 05). At Station Ⅰ and Ⅲ of Donghu Lake, Vmax values of overlying water were much higher than those of surface water, while in Yanxihu Lake Vmax values of overlying water were much lower. At Station Ⅱ in Donghu Lake, both Vmax and Km values were quite lower in overlying water, exhibiting a higher catalytic efficiency. This phenomenon might relate with the compositions of enzyme activities. In brief, a pronounced downward gradient of enzyme catalytic efficiency was observed in Donghu Lake, which was not recorded in Yanxihu Lake. Consequently, the enzymatic hydrolyzable P may contribute to the internal loading of the eutrophic lake, and stratification of kinetics and compositions of phosphatase in shallow lake is theoretically noticeable.


I appreciate the paper by Bolea-Alamanac et al. 1 on the use of methylphenidate in pregnancy and lactation. I would like to point the interested reader towards another recent review on this subject 2. We documented at least 180 first trimester exposed cases (excluding case stories and the case series referred to by Bolea-Alamanac et al. as this series was confounded by intravenous abuse of methylphenidate and concomitant use of pentazocine). We did not find that first trimester in utero exposure to methylphenidate was associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations.


The driver's sensitivity factor in former Optimal Velocity Model(OVM) is always constant,which does not fully comply with realistic traffic flow characteristics.To gain a more realistic and objective model,a kind of probability distribution driver sensitivity OVM,i.e.PDDS-OVM is studied.In the model,the constant driver's sensitivity is substituted with probability distribution function,and each car driver in the queue matches a probability value.With Matlab7.0 platform,three kinds of simulations are made,in which the driver's sensitivity is fixed value,mean distribution value,and normal distribution value.The simulation after many times shows that the PDDS-OVM model is more realistic than traditional ones,and can better describe the dynamics and complexity of traffic flow.


Aim To determine endothelial function and chemokine activity of peripheral blood monocytes in individuals with primary hypertension, and to explore the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine in this process. Methods 42 patients with essential hypertension and 40 healthy controls in the out-patient clinic and admission department of the hospital were enrolled in the present study. Flow-mediated dilation on brachial artery was assessed and the plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the expression of CCR2 protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also determined. Results Endothelial dysfunction were found in patients with primary hypertension, manifesting that flow-mediated dilation was decreased, the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine were elevated, and the levels of nitric oxide were decreased (P0.05). Compared with controls, plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were markedly elevated and the expression of CCR2 protein in separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypertensive patients was significantly upregulated (P0.05). Incubation of mononuclear cells with exogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (30 μM) for 24 h further upregulated the expression of CCR2 protein in hypertensive patients (P0.05). Conclusions Asymmetric dimethylarginine may promote endothelial dysfunction and activation of monocytes existed in patients with essential hypertension.


This paper examines the role of overborrowing, deleveraging, and an incomplete nancial market in driving an economy to a great recession with a binding zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate (ZLB). There are two key features that dierentiate my work from the current literature of deleveraging and the ZLB. First, I endogenize the debt limit of borrowers by tying it to the market value of collateral assets. Second, and more importantly, I allow for overborrowing by calibrating the model to match with the high debt-to-income ratio at the onset of the Great Recession for the U.S. homeowners that owned a house in 1997. I am able to show that the second feature makes the ZLB more likely to bind under an adverse shock to the credit market. When the ZLB binds, a great recession emerges with a free fall in output and the price level, mostly due to the Fisherian debt deation


Associate Research Engineer at the Center for Innovation through Visualization, 5 published papers on topics revolving around game-based training and Virtual Reality (VR) applications. Fields of expertise and study are game development and algorithms, cutting-edge VR hardware and application, and electrical systems. Currently graduated from Purdue University Northwest with a Master's of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering, with undergraduate focuses in control systems, computer science, and applied mathematics. technical of simulation and visualization of industrial experience. Dr. Zhou has 36 years of experience in the areas of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), combustion, energy, multiphase reacting flows, and air pollution control. She developing state-of-the-art CFD models and applied them to aluminum, glass, refinery, steel, and power industries. She is on the cutting edge in the integration of computer simulation and virtual reality visualization for industrial and educational applications. a large number of funded research projects totaling over $21 with experts from including national published 350 technical papers, copy-righted CFD Abstract This project is developing a web-based, interactive 3D simulator for community college wind energy technician training programs. Directly contributing to the current project are two previous wind energy projects: "Wind Tech TV," a 2010 NSF Advanced Technological Education (ATE) project that compiled a library of online training materials for wind turbine technician training, and "Mixed Reality Simulators for Wind Energy Education," a U.S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) project that produced a series of simulators for wind energy educators and students to provide hands-on experiences and promote critical thinking. The new simulator is designed to teach troubleshooting and safety strategies, promote critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, and enhance the transfer of knowledge from classrooms to real-world situations. Learner immersion in a simulated environment and progression through numerous troubleshooting scenarios is expected to provide a better-prepared and more skilled workforce for the wind energy industry. Multiple community colleges, a wind energy company, two NSF ATE Centers, and a university research center comprise the multi-disciplinary team working on this project. Community colleges are leading the curriculum and educational module design and implementation, industry collaborators are advising on needed skills and recommended activities, and the university research center is developing the software. Data from implementation in one community college so far show a 10% score increase for students using the simulator compared to traditional instruction alone.


A group of infinite products over low-order rational polynomials evaluated at the sequence of prime numbers is loosely called the Hardy-Littlewood constants. In this manuscript we look at them as factors embedded in a super-product over primes, semiprimes, 3-almost primes etc. Numerical tables are derived by transformation into series over k-almost prime zeta functions. Alternative product representations in a basis of k-almost prime products associated with Euler's formula for the Riemann zeta function are also pointed out.


The effectiveness of foam as a mobility-control agent has been tested by an immiscible CO/sub 2/ coreflood displacement of a California heavy oil (14/sup 0/API (0.97 g/cm/sup 3/)). Foam was produced by simultaneous injection of 0.5 wt% surfactant solution and CO/sub 2/. Foam injection recovered an incremental 33.6% of original oil in place (OOIP) by reducing CO/sub 2/ mobility and diverting CO/sub 2/.


During redesigns of repeated surveys, the old and new approaches are often conducted in parallel to quantify discontinuities that are initiated by modifications in the survey process. For budget limitations, the sample size allocated to the alternative approach is often considerably smaller compared with the regular survey that is used for official publication. In this paper, small area estimation techniques are considered to improve the accuracy of domain estimates obtained under the alternative approach. Besides auxiliary information that is available from administrations, direct domain estimates available from the regular survey are useful auxiliary variables to construct model‐based small area estimators. These methods are applied to a redesign of the Dutch Crime Victimization Survey.


Over the past few years stem cells have captured the attention of both the scientific and lay media offering promise of organ repair and regeneration. Organizations such as the Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration now highlight restoration of lung structure as a primary target in the development of novel therapies for destructive lung diseases including COPD. The challenge for scientists and investigators is to determine how this ambitious goal might be achieved. Two broad approaches have been proposed including stimulation of endogenous lung progenitor or lung stem cells using genes or small molecules and provision of exogenous cells, usually stem cells or stem cell-derived cells, to induce regeneration and restore lost tissue.

In this book, a number of leading investigators review the varied responses of different stem cell populations following physiological stress and lung injury. The first chapter is an authoritative review describing the contribution of endogenous progenitor cell populations during airway epithelial development and repair; a tractable hierarchy model is proposed. In the second, the remarkable properties of circulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are described including the intriguing ability of MSCs to home to diseased tissue and cancer. The third chapter considers haematoapoetic stem cells (HSCs) and evidence suggesting that bone marrow derived progenitor cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), may influence prognosis of some lung diseases. The fourth reviews contributions of another bone marrow derived cell, the circulating fibrocyte, in airway remodelling and lung fibrosis. The fifth chapter considers the critical role of the extracellular matrix and its roles directing the biology of various stem cell populations. The sixth reviews the concept that stem cell mobilization is influenced by physical activity. The seventh chapter provides a summary of bone marrow derived MSCs in acute lung injury. The final chapter considers the potential roles of MSC therapy in a variety of lung diseases.

The book is aimed at researchers and will be invaluable for graduate students or established scientists to dip into as required. Each chapter is well written, logical and serves as a stand alone review though there is a degree of repetition between chapters. There is important discussion around the lack of engraftment and differentiation following MSC therapy which suggests the reported beneficial effects may be due to paracrine actions on endogenous lung progenitor cells rather than exogenous stem cells acting as a source of novel tissue. I enjoyed this book. The authors should be congratulated for producing an excellent book that reviews a difficult, fast moving and controversial area of biology.