doi: 10.1074/jbc.M002263200 originally published online June 26, 2000J. Biol. Chem.€2000, 275:28308-28315.€ Access the most updated version of this article at doi: 10.1074/jbc.M002263200 € Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the JBC Affinity Sites.Alerts: €€ •€ When a correction for this article is posted •€ When this article is cited Click here to choose from all of JBC's e-mail alerts€ http://www.jbc.org/content/275/36/28308.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 0 references, 0 of which can be accessed free atDownloaded from http://www.jbc.org/


Many machine learning algorithms optimize a loss function with stochastic gradient descent and use kernel methods to extend linear learning tasks to non-linear learning tasks. Both ideas have been discussed in the context of quantum computing, especially for near-term quantum computing with variational methods and the use of the Hilbert space to encode features of data. In this work, we discuss a quantum algorithm with provable learning guarantee in the fault-tolerant quantum computing model. In a well-defined learning model, this quantum algorithm is able to provide a polynomial speedup for a large range of parameters of the underlying concept class. We discuss two types of speedups, one for evaluating the kernel matrix and one for evaluating the gradient in the stochastic gradient descent procedure. Our work contributes to the study of quantum learning with kernels and noise.


CaO-BaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2(CBLST) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. Effect of BaCu(B2O5)(BCB) and Li2O-B2O3-SiO2(LBS) complex additive on the sintering behaviors, microstructure, phase composition and dielectric properties of the CBLST ceramics were investigated. The results show that the CBLST ceramics possess two phases of orthorhombic perovskite and BST phase when adding with w(BCB)=6.0% and w(LBS)=0.5%~5.0% additive. The sintering temperature of the CBLST ceramics is reduced from 1 325 ℃ to 1 050 ℃ and the excellent dielectric properties of er=81.9, tanδ=0.006 2, τf =–3.75×10–6 ℃ are obtained with w(BCB)=6.0% and w(LBS)=0.5% doped CBLST ceramics sintered at 1 050 ℃ for 2 h. The dielectric loss of w(BCB)=6.0% and w(LBS)=0.5% doped CBLST ceramics is lower obviously than that of pure CBLST ceramics (tanδ=0.016).


1. Many invasive alien plants are, in contrast to many non-invasive ones, self-compatible and autofertile and thus do not fully depend on mates and pollinators for seed production. Nevertheless, they often still depend on pollinators for maximal reproduction. Indeed, it has been shown that many invasive plants can attract pollinators in the non-native range and may attract more of them than non-invasive plants do. This suggests that many introduced alien plants may have failed to become invasive because they are pollen-limited. 2. We used an experimental approach to test whether non-invasive alien species suffer higher pollen limitation and have lower autofertility than invasive aliens and natives. In a common garden, we assessed the degree of pollen limitation and autofertility of eight confamilial (or congeneric) triplets of native, invasive and non-invasive (but naturalized) alien plant species (totalling 24 species). Our breeding-system experiment included three treatments: pollen supplementation, open pollination and pollinator exclusion. We report three measures of pollen limitation and autofertility (fruit set, seed production per fruit and indices of pollen limitation and autofertility based on seed production per flower). 3. We found that the three plant groups had low degrees of pollen limitation and were almost all autofertile to some degree. Moreover, our phylogenetically informed analyses showed that the three plant groups did not differ significantly in their degrees of pollen limitation and autofertility. 4. Our results support previous findings that alien plants are able to attract pollinators in nonnative regions. Nevertheless, because invasive and non-invasive naturalized alien species did not differ in their degrees of pollen limitation, our results suggest that pollen limitation may not play a major role in the spread of alien plants, once they have become naturalized.


The direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is a promising fuel cell device, which could provide power to portable and microelectronic equipment in the future. In the present investigation, the influence of a pore-former, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and catalyst loadings in the electrocatalyst of the anode on DEFC performance is studied. The decal transfer method is used to prepare the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using PtRu/C (40:20% by wt) as the anode catalyst, and Pt/C (40% by wt) as the cathode catalyst, a pore-former, PTFE dispersion and Nafion ionomer. The pore-former used is 10% (by wt) NaHCO3 in the catalyst ink during the preparation of MEA. The voltage-current characteristics of DEFC were monitored at different loadings of the catalyst, PTFE and a pore-former in MEA. The DEFC performance improved with the use of a pore-former and higher loading of PTFE in MEA. Higher DEFC performance is obtained because PTFE, along with the network of pores in the anode side allowed easy removal of reaction species, thereby rendering the catalyst site available for ethanol oxidation. Further, the use of a pore-former and PTFE at the anode allowed higher loading of electrocatalyst resulting in an increase in the performance of DEFC. The DEFC, with 1 mg cm−2 of catalyst loading at the anode and cathode, 10% (by wt) NaHCO3 of a pore-former, 20% (by wt) PTFE loading in catalyst ink gives maximum power density of 8.5 mW cm−2 at a current density of 31.3 mA cm−2. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We sought to determine whether the use of intravenous acetaminophen (IV APAP) reduces the post-operative Length of Stay (LOS) in patients undergoing robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (RA-TLH/BSO w/wo PPLND) for the primary management of Endometrial Cancer (EMCA). We performed a retrospective cohort chart review of all patients who underwent a RA-TLH/ BSO w/wo PPLND for EMC from January 1, 2010, to September 1, 2016, on a gynecologic oncology service in an integrated health care system. Of 256 patients identified in the cohort, 91 (36%) received IV APAP and 165 (64%) did not. After control ling for age, body mass index (BMI), year of procedure, operative time, hospital site, and operating surgeon, those patients who received IV APAP had a 42% reduction in post-operative LOS than patients who were not managed with IV AP intra-operatively (5.2 hours vs. 22.6 hours (p value < 0.001). Our data suggest that a multi-center prospective trial to validate our findings that the use of IV APAP achieves a significant reduction in the post-operative length of stay for patients undergoing robotic assisted surgery for endometrial cancer is warranted. for both groups of patients. Thirty-day readmission rate for the IV APAP group was 2.20% (2 patients) compared to 4.24% (7 patients) in the control group (p-value 0.49). Only one patient, in the control group, was admitted secondary to abdominal pain and shortness of breath. The remainder of the patients were admitted for infectious complications. The median LOS of patients who received IV APAP was 5.08 hours (IQR: 4.20-7.53) as compared to 22.60 hours (IQR: 7.38-25.95) for those patients who did not receive IV APAP, (p-value <0.0001). The percentage of patients who received ketorolac was also compared between the two groups and showed no significant difference (39.5% vs. 46.7%; p-value= 0.2731) .


The reasons for the modification of PTA hydrogenation reactor were recounted.The modification part content of hydrogenation reactor was introduced.The running conditions of the hydrogenation reactor after modification under the production capacity of 600 kt/a were concluded.


This essay mainly set focus on the international container transport form Guangxi Fang Cheng Port's Economy Hinterland, making use of the decision model of the owner of cargos, discussing over the problem on the optimization of container transport route based on the time value, bringing forward some suggestions for the future development of Fang Cheng port.


The objective of this research is to provide risk assessment tool for the construction projects by using Failure mode cause and Effective Analysis (FMEA) .A literature study were done to mitigate various potential risk factors affecting construction productivity at each stages of construction progress. The technique used to identify the potential risk factors is Delphi technique. Using Delphi technique the questionnaire survey was conducted. The project risk mapping has been plotted by using Radar chart to show the perceptions of contractors and project managers on Construction Risk management in ongoing construction projects. It was suggested that Identifying risks in planning stages and assessing their cause and effects, project managers and contractors can easily Identify strategies used to reduce risks. Such early identification helps to minimize major escalations on cost and time overrun in construction projects. Keywords—FMEA, Delphi techniques, Risk mapping,


Near the end of her new study on the group portraits of Henri Fantin-Latour, Bridget Alsdorf notes: "The history of nineteenth-century French art is a field fascinated by movements and collective politics, yet still dominated by accounts of singular artists and oeuvres. Although we depend on groups to give structure to history, as artists depended on them to provide camaraderie and support, it has proved difficult to imagine the artistic self as formed fundamentally by way of others" (227). Her book Fellow Men: Fantin-Latour and the Problem of the Group in Nineteenth-Century French Painting goes a long way toward rectifying this scholarly imbalance. As her subtitle indicates, Alsdorf treats the group as a problem in more than one sense: she approaches it both from the perspective of representation, through a series of close readings of multi-figure portraits by Fantin and his contemporaries, and as a social, and indeed gender, issue relating to the dynamics of male interaction in the mid-nineteenth century. At the heart of her argument is a meditation on the necessary tensions generated by the conflicting pressures of mutuality and individualism—by the opposing needs for progressive artists to assert a group identity in the face of an indifferent or hostile public while at the same time cultivating the distinct creative personality increasingly demanded in the cultural marketplace. Alsdorf reveals traces of these tensions in the visual structures of the works she so persuasively explores, and gestures toward a broader analysis of their centrality in shaping individuals and groups within the artistic community, and among bourgeois males of the period more generally.


The purpose of learning in the millennial era is the development and improvement of students' high-level thinking skills. High-level abilities or often referred to as higher order thingking skills (HOTS) are the level of thinking of students with stages of analysis, evaluation and creation. The indicators of HOTS can be derived from the ability to think critically and think creatively. In order for students' mathematical HOTS abilities to be known, a HOTS assessment instrument is needed. The purpose of this study is the development of a mathematical HOTS assessment instrument for MTs class VII students. The type of research is a development adapted from the development of Borg and Gall. Analysis of research data using quantitative and quality analysis to determine the quality of the mathematical HOTS assessment instrument conducted a review based on the criteria of validity, reliability, difficulty index and differentiating power of the problem. The result of this development is that the HOTS assessment instrument with the form of a description of 15 questions and is suitable for use. The HOTS assessment instrument is included in a valid category that is based on expert assessment with an average score of 36.5 and an excellent category. The difficulty level of the question is moderate with an average difficulty index of 0.5 in the medium category and the differentiating power of the question is good with an average differentiating power index of 0.33 in the good category. The developed mathematical HOTS instrument also meets the reliable criteria with a reliability coefficient of 0.733.


This paper proposes a conceptual framework of e-business strategy. It argues that such a framework must be holistic, dynamic and dialectical. This framework will assist both researchers and practitioners regarding the key issues of e-business strategy. Further, a case study of Haier from China reveals that all firms need to learn how to design effective e-business strategies, which should be built on a sound organizational form or business model. The case of Haier also suggests that the local firms from the developing countries need to be creative in formulating e-business strategies so as to operate effectively in the under-developed e-business environment. Strategic alliance is especially critical for the local firms with regard to their e-business success.


This article aims to examine the architecture and characteristics of sculptures at the Po Ramé temple in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. There are the statues of Po Ramé himself, the queen Bia Su Can, the queen Bia Su Cih, a Nandin cow, a linga and a kut depicted more meaningfully. This provides clear assessment of preservation works that have been completed at the contemporary temple. In practice, those initiatives of the conservation effort figure out very first achievements that are definitely useful for improvement later on. Therefore, potential directions of preserving those heritages are proposed respectively from short, medium and long term in the future.


A necrotrophic reaction of Nicotiana species to infection by Peronospora tabacina Adam is described that is characterized by the rapid production of localized necrotic lesions involving one or a few cells.


The frame-truss roof interaction analysis of the Optics Valey Gymnasium of HUST was performed for temperature effects,seismic response and ultimate load-carrying capacity.The roof of the gymnasium was designed as steel arc truss system.The nonlinear finite element analysis of the ultimate loadcarrying capacity was conducted,however,the nonlinear effects were neglected in other analyses.The results of the construction monitoring and simulation validated the finite element model.It showed that temperature has significant effects on the roof structure.The stresses of the key elements increase over 40 percents with different seismic input.The effect of the wave passage increases while the wave velocity decreases,and varies for different element locations.The roof ultimate load-carrying capacity depends on the strength and rigidity of the abdomen elements and the lateral supports,and the capacity changes significantly considering the roof-frame interaction.


In addition to Helicobacter pylori( H. pylori),there are a large number of bacteria inhabiting the gastric mucosa. Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria dominant the gastric microbiota. H. pylori and gastric microbiota can influence each other through competing for living space and nutrition,disturbing the secretion of antimicrobial peptides,even altering physiological state of the host stomach. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the normal gastric microbiota,analyzes the interactions and potential mechanisms between gastric microbiota and H. pylori,and discusses the impact of gastric microbiota on H. pylori-related diseases. This would benefit for understanding of the pathogenesis of gastric diseases,providing theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of those diseases.


A microgrid is a micro-power system composed of local distributed generators, energy storage systems, loads, and other components in a local power network. Because renewable energy sources show relatively large output power variation, the integration of distributed generators in a microgrid often requires the installation of a large-scale energy storage system. The energy storage system is connected to a local AC bus via the DC/AC converter with an output inductor-capacitor (LC) filter. The energy storage system power converters generally form the local AC bus voltage. This grid-forming operation requires fast and robust voltage control to properly maintain a stable energy flow and high power quality in the local AC bus. In this paper, two major voltage control schemes—double-loop control and direct voltage control—are analytically compared, and their effects on the power quality of the microgrid are illustrated. The dynamic performance is compared through simulations and experimental results.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a layer-stranded type double-sheath armored fully-dried type optical fiber composite optical cable. A fully-dried type optical unit, a layer-stranded type optical unit, an insulating layer, a shielded conductor, a filling rope and the like are stranded and then externally coated by using a thermal insulation belt; a plurality of dried water blocking objects can be added into a clearance of a cable core so as to achieve effects of rounding the cable core and blocking water; and a layer of inner sheath is extruded on the cable core, a metal armor layer is added, and then a layer of outer sheath is extruded. If a user needs a flame retardant effect, the conductor, the insulating layer, a filling material, the inner sheath and the outer sheath adopt a flame retardant material which is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or low smoke zero halogen (LSZH). Meanwhile, the optical unit is the layer-stranded type optical unit which has a loose-sleeve fully-dried type structure; and the interior of a sleeve or the cable core is made of a dried type water blocking material, so that water-proof and moisture-proof effects of total cross-section are achieved.


Selective protein degradation by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in a wide variety of cellular processes.In an ATP-dependent reaction,uibquitin(Ub) is conjugated to E1,the activated Ub is then transferred to an E2.Finally,the Ub-E2 intermediate delivers the Ub to the target protein by E3 recognition.Polyubiquinated proteins are eventually degraded by the 26S proteasome.In plants,regulated protein degradation by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway contributes significantly to development by affecting a wide range of processes,including hormone signaling,photomorphogenesis,embryo development and flower development.The advances in how the Ub/26S proteasome affects plant development were review in this paper.


A new process has become available that might be useful for compacting PEX materials. The process is triaxial: it utilizes the familiar isostatic compression vectors to form a billet and for lateral reinforcement while a shear action of higher pressure is included over the billet ends with a mechanical punch. The 20-inch press has been inspected at the site of manufacture and is in transit to Pantex Plant.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — This was a cross-sectional study of 5,121 participants without clinically evident CVD or diabetes (fasting glucose 7.0 mmol/l or use of diabetes medication), aged 47–86 years, enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Measurements included carotid intimal-medial wall thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Results were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, antihypertensive medication use, lipid-lowering medication use, and BMI.


The social-ecological systems are inherently complex and their destruction is highly due to a limited understanding of the processes that lead to their improvements in or deterioration. In an effort to respond to this problem, E. Ostrom and colleagues associated with the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University developed a Social-Ecological System (SES) framework. however, even if the importance of SES framework to enhance the sustainability of complex social-ecological systems is highly accepted, its implication to understand the functionality of the SESs which may leads to successful or unsuccessful situations is still lacking. In this paper, referring to the context of decomposability of complex systems, and using E. Ostrom SES framework theory and a meta-analysis of 31 case studies of community forests in Mexico, the importance of using this framework in the course of explaining variable interactions and configurations to achieve desired system outcomes is explained.


The present invention is a method for producing a polyether polyol having primary hydroxyl end groups, the following steps: reaction under double metal cyanide catalysis of epoxides and carbon dioxide starter compounds containing active hydrogen atoms : the product obtained, in addition to acyclic tertiary amine having the same substituents, reaction with ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one nitrogen atom per molecule, which method comprises . The present invention further provides polyether carbonate polyols obtained by this method, a composition containing the polyether carbonate polyols, and to polyurethane polymers based on the polyether carbonate polyols.


Purpose: To determine the most frequent sources of injuries from the interior of motor vehicles involved in crashes. Methods: We searched the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System to determine the most frequent sources of injuries. This database includes sources of injuries resulting from crashes from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992.


The economic crisis wasn't caused by local government structures in Spain, but many propose that its reform would help to overcome that crisis. This work discuses the seriousness of the present debate and sets the land planning problem in its own timeless context, proposing a different way of reforming local governance. The need of reaching a new financial system seems evident in the framework of the budget balanced principle for local entities.


In certain patients with stable angina who are at moderate to high risk, coronary bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty are the therapeutic options of choice. However, in selected other patients the use of anti‐ischemic drug therapy and secondary prevention reduce episodes of myocardial ischemia and result in a good long‐term prognosis. Factors affecting management include the extent of coronary disease, the magnitude of cardiac symptoms, the severity of myocardial ischemia and of left ventricular function. Based upon these and other clinical characteristics, patients can be divided into low‐, moderate‐, or high‐risk categories for morbidity and mortality. Patients at high risk are more likely to be selected for myocardial revascularization and patients at low risk are often treated with medical therapy, at least initially. Based on the available cost‐effectiveness data, medical therapy or coronary angioplasty are the preferred initial strategies for low‐risk coronary disease, whereas coronary bypass surgery (CABG) is recommended for many high‐risk patients, particularly for those with triple‐vessel disease and impaired left ventricular function or ischemia at a low workload. CABG is cost‐effective for patients with severe angina and left main coronary artery disease and also for patients with mild angina and triple‐vessel disease. Coronary angioplasty is cost‐effective for patients with severe angina, and single‐ or multivessel disease. In patients with lesser symptoms and mild coronary disease, the cost effectiveness of myocardial revascularization therapy is less likely to be as good as it is in patients with more extensive disease and severe symptoms.


Professor Branscomb's findings appear to be fairly well established upon his exhibit of the documentary facts. He places Jesus in the "main stream of Jewish religious life" (p. 256) and considers that he enforced "the ethical aspects of Judaism to the neglect of its ceremonial and its formal or impersonal elements" (p. 266). This does not make Jesus an orthodox Jew, but it does permit him to be genuinely Jewish. "He prepared the way," says Branscomb, "for the religion of Israel to become universal and international in character" (p. 271). The volume is heavily documented, well indexed, and provided with extensive quotations in Greek. As Greek fares, on the whole, at the hands of the compositor, the proportion of missing breathing marks and misplaced accents is not high. An excellent example of book-making, this volume may be counted also a real contribution to the study of the


Giardina examines some badly transmitted passages of the pseudo-Virgilian Dirae and Lydia, where editors must resort to emendation. In a few cases Giardina accepts conjectures of previous scholars. More often Giardina proposes original conjec tures of his own. 1 M. Manili Astronomicon Liber Primus, rec. et enarrauit A. E. Housman, London 1903. 2 Ovidio. Uarte di amare, a c. di E. Pianezzola, comm. di G. Baldo, L. Cristante, E. Pia nezzola, Milano 1991. This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Sun, 11 Sep 2016 06:00:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


The objective of this study was to explore the differences of postural stability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) performances after general muscle fatigue between trained and untrained adults. The displacements of Center of Pressure (COP) during static bipedal standing, the APAs of deep trunk muscles induced by voluntary movements, the Heart Rate (HR) and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE) were recorded before and after a 20-minute general muscle fatigue on a rowing ergometer for eighteen trained and eighteen untrained subjects. After fatigue, the trained group exhibited less disturbed postural stability performances. Meanwhile, earlier and larger APAs activations of lumbar multifidus (LMF) were found in trained group regardless of fatigue conditions. These results suggest a beneficial effect of long-term training experience on counter-perturbation feedforward control and highlight the distinguishing role of LMF in evaluation and rehabilitation of motor dysfunction.


Frédéric Broydé and Evelyne Clavelier Excem, 12 Chemin des Hauts de Clairefontaine, 78580 Maule, France Correspondence should be addressed to Frédéric Broydé; email@example.com Received 28 April 2016; Accepted 11 July 2016 Copyright © 2016 F. Broydé and E. Clavelier. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Combustion studies have been made in a prechamber diesel engine, with one cylinder instrumented for pressure histograms using a processing digital oscilloscope. Hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, NO/sub x/, and smoke emissions for the complete engine exhaust also were measured. Fuels with natural and chemically derived cetane numbers spanning a range from 35 CN to 54 CN were investigated. This paper discusses the effects of cetane number on combustion characteristics, such as ignition delay and pressure rise. Engine emission data also are reviewed. Data include operation at fully warmed-up and partially warmed-up conditions.


Simple, cheap and low waste system for drinking water treatment was designed and installed as a pilot system. Ultrafiltration polymeric membranes were prepared using polyvinylchloride and polyvinylidene difluoride. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion process and were characterized by scan electron microscope, mechanical testing and membrane performance test. Spiral wound polymeric membranes modules were fabricated and used in fabricated pilot system. Continuous tap water stream was used in this experiment for six months. The results indicated that PVC spiral wound membrane module provides high productivity 9.36 m3/d, with organic removal (COD) 100%, blue green algae removal 100%, 95.7% for total algae removal and clear bacteria from water efficiently. The results of this study affirm that none of the water quality parameters (chemical or biological) that were monitored in this study exceeded the Standard Specification for Egyptian Drinking Water.


In-situ thermal analysis and neutron diffraction techniques were used simultaneously to evaluate the kinetics of the nonequilibrium solidification process of Al-19%Si binary alloy. Neutron diffraction patterns were collected in stepwise mode during solidification between 740 and 400°C. The variation of intensity of the diffraction peaks was analysed and compared to the results of a conventional cooling curve analysis. Neutron diffraction detected nucleation of the Si phase (primary and eutectic), as well as the Al phase during Al-Si eutectic nucleation. This illustrates the potential of neutron diffraction for high resolution melt analysis at near-liquidus temperatures, required for advanced studies of grain refining, eutectic modification, etc. The solid-to-liquid volume fraction was determined based on the change of intensity of neutron diffraction peaks over the solidification interval. Overall, the volume determined was in good agreement with the results of the cooling curve thermal analysis.


Economic breakdowns, during which living standards were drastically threatened, precipitated working-class rebellions that took place under Communist rule in Poland. These crises occurred in a system that kept most people on the edge of an economic precipice, leaving them little margin for reductions in living standards. In response to the angry discontent engendered by the continual inability of the economy to perform, the government had regular recourse to its instruments of repression and to retain tight controls over everything: speech, association, organisation, publication, who advanced socially and economically, among other things - all of which created more discontent. This chapter considers how this system functioned and failed, as well as explains the context within which an opposition arose. The so-called nomenklatura referred to a list of names that were considered politically reliable and subject to formal approval by the Communist Party. Patronage and corruption spread throughout this system and society. Keywords:Communist Poland; corruption; nomenklatura ; patronage system


Summary The hypothesis was tested that the greater development of career interests associated with a masculine-parent identification would contribute to the educational problems of the troubled liberal arts college student. This was ased upon the anticipated frustrative effects of low career relevance of liberal arts curricula upon students with clearer career interests. Eighty liberal arts students (45 males and 35 females), clients at a college counseling agency, were subdivided into groups based upon primary parental identification (father versus mother) and masculinity-femininity of the identification model. Masculine-identified males (but not females) more frequently demonstrated less satisfaction with their majors relative to their feminineidentified counterparts when subjective ratings of certainty, relevance, and general satisfaction were considered. A higher incidence of choice problems (no chosen major or one or more changes of major) was found for masculineparent identified Ss of both sexes.


260Background: Docetaxel is associated with improved outcomes for mCRPC. There are currently no predictive molecular biomarkers for docetaxel to assist with patient selection. Methods: Patients commencing docetaxel for mCRPC between November 2015 and August 2017 were enrolled on a prospective cohort study evaluating circulating biomarkers. A plasma sample for ctDNA analysis was collected before initiation of docetaxel. Targeted sequencing of 73 prostate cancer-relevant genes was performed on leukocyte DNA (germline) and plasma cell-free DNA. Patient records were reviewed for baseline clinical characteristics, PSA response (≥ 50% decline from baseline), and time to PSA progression (TTPP) (PCWG3 criteria). Results: There were 33 patients enrolled; all patients had received prior abiraterone or enzalutamide and none had received prior taxanes. At baseline, the median age was 69.9 years, 30.3% had ECOG performance status 2, 66.7% had bone metastasis and 9.1% had liver metastases. The PSA response rate (RR) wa...


Developments in information technology provide a reference point for debates about the nature of contemporary social change.1 For some observers, information technology is altering the fabric of modern society.2 In particular, it underpins a set of structural transformations which mark a radical break with earlier forms of society and result in new opportunities for economic growth and social progress. In the emerging 'information society', knowledge and information are treated as the core economic variables and the dominant social actors are seen as those who process information in accordance with codified bodies of knowledge. Other commentators have rejected this notion of the 'information society', pointing instead to the continuities between past and present forms of society. While acknowledging the importance of technological change, these commentators have highlighted the role of information technology in preserving the established interests of corporate capital and the state.3 In this context, the changing patterns of accumulation and control associated with the introduction and use of information technology are analysed within the framework of capitalist development. Thus, under 'information capitalism', accumulation proceeds through the private appropriation of social knowledge, and control over information adds a new dimension to existing forms of conflict. More recent studies have focused on what Feenberg describes as the 'ambivalent potentialities' of information technology.4 In this context, attention has centred on the ways in which new technical media influence the construction and control of knowledge and the configuration of communication in contemporary society.5 Thus, Lyotard argues that 'along with the hegemony of computers comes a certain logic, and therefore a certain set of prescriptions determining which statements are accepted as 'knowledge' statements'.6 As knowledge is defined increasingly in terms of its computability, it ceases to be legitimated by reference to principles of truth or justice. Instead, it is subjected to the requirement of 'performativity' which measures the value of knowledge in terms of its marketability or efficiency. Despite this rationalizing tendency, information technology also has a


Until recently, inner shell ionization by charged particle impact was studied almost exclusively through the use of x-ray spectroscopy. This method is limited in accuracy, however, for ionization of inner shells where the fluorescence yield is small. For K-shell ionization of elements with atomic number less than about ten the fluorescence yield can be considered negligible and Auger electron emission cross section provide direct information regarding the ionization cross section. The ionization cross sections determined in this way are accurate to approximately 20 percent whereas x-ray measurements may be uncertain by a factor of five or more due to uncertainties in fluorescence yields. In addition to ionization cross sections, Auger emission spectra provide information regarding multiple ionization, effects of molecular binding on inner shell ionization and, when coupled with x-ray measurements, provide fluorescence yields as a function of the final state of the target atom. These points will be illustrated for ionization by fast protons along with some results for heavier incident particles. (auth)


The main objective of this study was to evaluate the axonal component neurofilament light protein (NFL) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an outcome measure in a clinical trial on disease‐modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis.


INSTRUCTIONAL CULTURE INSIGHT TNTP developed Instructional Culture Insight (Insight), a teacher-centered survey tool, to assess how school leaders can adjust their leadership practices in order to retain great teachers and improve student learning. Since 2010, TNTP has worked with schools nationwide to understand how the best school leaders manage their teachers and schools. The diagnostic tool, Insight, uses teacher feedback to help leaders understand their instructional leadership practices and improve their school culture in specific, concrete ways.


Regardless of business sector and project size, successful project management depends on adroit simultaneous handling of nine management areas. These are the management of project: scope; cost; schedule; contracts-procurement; resources; communications; risk; quality; and personal effectiveness. On any project they are all interwoven. This presentation focuses on defining each of these nine management areas and some of the tools, techniques and philosophies associated with each area. Additionally, a brief introduction to ISO/CD 9004-6 (ISO 1006), "Guidelines on Quality Assurance for Project Management" is presented. These guidelines, currently in Committee Draft (CD) form, are being developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).


Seed treatment compositions and seed comprising a seed and a first component, the first component comprising a soluble organic material (organic matter by native partially humified characterization) an agriculturally acceptable complex mixture of . A method comprising contacting a soluble seeds comprising an organic material (which is characterized by partially humified natural organic matter) contacting a first component of a complex mixture of agriculturally acceptable, in which, and no contact with the first component similar seed compared to the first component to enhance germination, expansion, root development, seedling vigor, seedling growth, death-resistant properties, the production of chlorophyll, cold resistance, drought tolerance and the absorption of nutrients at least one.


The realm of teacher education is vast and multifaceted. The main aim of teacher education is universal, that is, to equip teachers with pedagogical knowledge and skills so that they will be able to produce students who are competent in the area of study they have pursued. However, there are differences in the objectives, some of which are overt and others covert. The objectives depend on the philosophy that is adopted by the entity, be it an institution, a state or a country. The professionalization of teacher education lies not only in the pedagogical knowledge and skills that teachers have mastered. It encompasses attitudes and personal dispositions which enhance the concept of professionalism. The concept of education is understood by all involved in this ?eld. However, cultural sensitivities are not easy to fathom if one is merely engrossed in imparting knowledge and skills. The content of the teaching-learning materials are generally based on pedagogical and curricular guidelines. However, in implementing teaching-learning activities, the teacher should be sensitive to the cultural background of the students. This is crucial because in a multicultural society, the teacher's cultural background may not be the same as that of the students'. This paper provides an analysis of cultural issues that potential teachers of English as a second language (ESL) are aware of before embarking on the profession. It looks into various aspects of sensitivities which may affect teaching and learning. These aspects of sensitivities have been identi?ed by a group of potential ESL teachers as important for teaching and learning purposes. These issues are important in a society which is multicultural, multilingual, multireligious, and multiethnic. In a society such as Malaysia where three major ethnic groups, the Malays, Chinese, and Indians live side by side, respect towards each other's culture and beliefs is paramount in order to ensure unity and harmony. The results of the analysis will inform teachers of what they should be aware of when teaching in a class of mixed composition. It will also inform materials developers and curriculum designers of what they should be aware of producing materials and syllabus for teaching.


Background: Management of type 2 diabetes is not uniform. The aim of the study was to assess diabetes care delivery and status of long-term diabetes related complications. Methods: DiabCare is an observational, non-interventional, cross-sectional study of hospital-based outpatient type 2 diabetes care. Results: A total of 2092 patients participated in the study: mean age 51.3±11.0 years, and duration of diabetes 7.6±5.4 years. The patients were almost equal in both genders (male: 49.8% vs. female: 50.2%) and the largest homogenous ethnic group was Bangladeshi (99.6%). The percentage of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% (< 53 mmol/mol) was 22.5% and mean HbA1c was 8.8±2.2 %. The proportion of patients using insulin was 58.0% (n=1214) at a total daily dose of 34.4±14.7 IU. The most common diabetes related complications were: Peripheral neuropathy (39.0%) and eye complications (21.7%). Duration of diabetes was associated with higher odds of CV complications, diabetic nephropathy and eye complications [adjusted OR 1.03, p=0.007; 1.05, p<0.001 and 1.05, p<0.001 respectively]. Age also has emerged as a significant predictor for these complications. More than half of patients (56.1%) indicated their concerns about hypoglycaemia. A large proportion of patients were non-adherent to clinical recommendations. Conclusions: Poor glycaemic and metabolic control over a long period of time contributes to chronic diabetic complications. This underpins the need to further optimise the control strategies and maintain quality diabetes management standards in Bangladesh and also improving awareness among health professionals with intensive education programs for diabetes subjects is also recommended. Birdem Med J 2017; 7(1): 17-27


Purpose – This study by Rosemary Exton aims to examine the Improving Working Lives (IWL) programme and finds significant variation in outcomes between 11 National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Each Trust was required to reach identical standards in improving HR practice over a set period. Achievement of the standards was validated by external peer review, and outcomes contributed significantly to overall performance ratings. Design/methodology/approach – In each organisation, implementation was driven by a "lead" from line management, and three of these individuals form the focus of the study. Findings – When visited 18 months after the end of the IWL initiative, most Trusts had failed to demonstrate any sustained change despite more than four years' effort. The ability to achieve effective and sustainable outcomes varies considerably even between NHS Trusts faced with comparable challenges in implementing nationally prescribed targets. This variance is explained in terms of an organisation's ability to ge...


Since the education system of most higher vocation colleges has the feature of short length of schooling and long length of internship,a large number of intern Party-members from the higher vocation colleges flew into various practical units,which adds difficulties to the follow-up Party construction work.This is also a critical hinder in the development of improving the Party construction work in the higher vocation college.Based on the analysis of their basic situations and practical units,this article puts out some constructive solutions to those floating intern Party numbers.It aims to improve the quality both of the Party construction work and the student Party numbers in higher vocation colleges.


Reports given by Soviet specialists at a meeting of Socialist countries on remote sensing of the earth using aerospace methods are presented.


This paper presents the results of research aimed at developing a methodology for the participatory design of social robots, which are meant to be incorporated into various social contexts (e.g. home, work) and establish social relations with people. In contrast to the dominant technologically driven robot development process, we aim to develop a socially robust and responsible approach to robot design using Participatory Design (PD) methods. The PD process builds on participants' self-identified issues and concerns, and develops robot concepts according to participants' interpretations of the capabilities and potential applications of robotic technologies. We present methodological insights from an ongoing PD project aimed at designing socially assistive robots with older adults diagnosed with depression and their therapists, and identify remaining challenges in this project. We particularly focus on supporting mutual learning between researchers and participants and on promoting active participation of older adults as "designers" (rather than consumers) as foundational aspects of PD. We conclude with reflections regarding how this work can contribute to the further development of social robots and relevant PD methodologies.


An 18-year-old lady presented to ENT department with history of recurrent unilateral headache associated with nausea since 3 years. There were no other ENT complaints. On right ear examination, a bulge was seen in the bony posterior superior canal wall adjacent to the tympanic membrane obscuring the view of pars flaccida. Hemorrhagic blebs were seen in the middle of the pars tensa, the remaining portion of which was bluish [Figure 1]. Tuning fork tests revealed mild right conductive hearing loss. Pure tone audiogram confirmed the conductive hearing loss at low frequency (23 dB). Tympanogram revealed 'B' curve. All the bleeding parameters were normal. A probable diagnosis of cholesterol granuloma or hemotympanum was made. An exploratory tympanotomy was done to find out any middle ear pathologies [Figure 2]. Thin brownish fluid was sucked out from the middle ear. There was no glue, no mass lesion, no congenital abnormalities nor any fracture lines detected in middle ear. The postoperative period was uneventful. However, after 3 weeks, patient presented with similar appearance of the tympanum membrane. She underwent a myringotomy with grommet insertion. After 4 months, patient is still asymptomatic, with grommet in situ, with minimal bluish discoloration of the ear drum.


We investigate how investors react differently to dividend announcement depending on the level of dividend management, and find that the stock market reacts more favorably to dividend announcements by dividend managing firms than to those of non-dividend managing firms. In addition, it takes announcements of dividend reductions by non-dividend managing firms as good news, supporting our hypothesis that decreasing dividends by non-dividend managing firms are a signal of good investment opportunities, while this is not the case for dividend managing firms. We also confirm that the dividend announcement returns of non-dividend managing firms are significantly and positively related to their annual investment levels, while it is not the case for dividend managing firms.


Recently, spontaneous out-of-plane electric polarization and ferroelectric switching were found in WTe2 devices. On single crystal with ferroelectric property, a built-in electric field and corresponding band bending would be expected at the surface. However, such band bending in WTe2 hasn't directly been observed experimentally. Here, by fitting angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra on WTe2 surface, we clearly observed downward band bending after slightly exposure to air, verifying appearance of surface polarization. Such band bending can't be observed on pristine WTe2 surface and will disappear on fully oxidized sample. It suggests strong correlation between surface band bending and oxidation. Ionized donors from oxide species pinned at surface may contribute to the formation of surface band bending and polarization. Our study here offers new insight to figure out the microscopic origin of ferroelectric in WTe2.


In this paper,The Author pointed out the lntranet Frame and the System Construction of Integration Valve Design System,In the meantime,pointed out the Solution of carrying out Integration Valve Design System based on Client/Server.


i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii APPROVAL SHEET iv SUBMISSION SHEET v DECLARATION vi LIST OF TABLE x LIST OF FIGURE xi LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS xiv LIST OF APPENDICES xv


Abstract Animistic or 'relational' ontologies encountered in non-Western (i.e. premodern) settings pose a challenge to Western (i.e. modern) knowledge production, as they violate fundamentalassumptions of Cartesian science. Naturalscientists who have tried seriously to incorporate subject-subject relations into their intellectual practice (e.g. Uexküll, Bateson) have inexorably been relegated to the margins. Surrounded by philosophers and sociologists of science (e.g. Latour) announcing the end of Cartesian objectivism, however,late modern or 'post-modern' anthropologists discussing animistic understandings of nature will be excused for taking them more seriously than their predecessors. It is incumbent on them to analytically sort out what epistemological options there are, and to ask why pre-modern, modern, and post-modern people will tend to deal with culture/nature or subject/object hybridity in such different ways. Animism, fetishism, and objectivism can be understood as alternative responses to universal semiotic anxieties about where or how to draw boundaries between persons and things.


1p36 deletion syndrome is a rare, genetic disorder often affecting neurological, cardiac, renal, and physical
development, without a known associated liver manifestation. We present the case of a young woman with
1p36 deletion syndrome and chronic liver failure requiring liver transplant evaluation who subsequently
went on to successfully undergo orthotopic liver transplantation. With multidisciplinary post-operative
care, including developmentally appropriate rehabilitation and strong family support, >3-year posttransplant survival has been achieved. This case, the first reported liver transplant among patients with 1p36
deletion syndrome, suggests that liver transplantation can be safely performed in patients with this condition.


An approach to quantizing discrete-time memoryless sources is presented. An important feature is that its performance is largely insensitive to errors in modeling the input PDF. The method involves changing the amplitude distribution of the source to be approximately Gaussian by all-pass filtering, then applying a Lloyd-Max quantizer designed for a Gaussian source. After quantization, the samples are passed through another all-pass filter, which is an approximate inverse of the first filter. The mean-square error (MSE) for the overall process is roughly equal to the quantization MSE for the intermediate Gaussian signal, independent of the source statistics. For some sources, this is actually an improvement over direct, correct-model Lloyd-Max quantization. The cost of this technique is some delay due to filtering. >


Polycrystalline t hin films of Cadmium telluride (CdTe) have been deposited on glass and Sn02:F/glass substrates at 350°-400°C by the reaction of dimethylcadmium (DMCd) and diisopropyltel lurium (DIPTe) in a hydrogen a tmosphere. The DMCd/DIPTe molar ratio in the reaction mixture is an important factor a ffecting the deposition rate, conductivity type, and the incorporation of dopants. The deposited films are p-type at DMCd/DIPTe molar ratio of 0.6 or less and are n-type at higher ratios. Extrinsically doped CdTe films have been deposited for the first time by using e thyldimethylind ium and arsine as the n- and p- type dopant, respectively. The electrical properties of undoped and doped CdTe films have been characterized. Thin film CdTe homojunctions have been prepared by the successive i n-situ deposition of extrinsically doped n- and p- CdTe films on Sn02:F/glass substrates and their properties investigated.


In this address one o / the most distinguished and thoughtful living neurosurgeons recalls and pays tribute to select individuals who each in their time and way have lighted a path for neurosurgical progress. I], in fact, the neurosurgical darkness is now less profound than at the beginning of the author's career, the change is due in large part to the unique illumination which his own work has shed upon the physiological approach to neurosurgery. Editor


Abstract The focus of our research was to evaluate different apples cultivars in terms of their biological properties and bioactive compounds content, and determine the levels of their resistance (or susceptibility) to fire blight. The properties of 10 scab-resistant apple cultivars were examined on the Žiča monastery estate (West Serbia) during the period from 2011 to 2015. The biological and chemical properties such as firmness, maturity stage, total soluble solids, total acids, total and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid content and surface blush of apple fruits were monitored. Various phenolic compounds in the tested samples were tentatively identified by LC-MS analyses. A study of generative properties included: number of flower buds, fruit mass and width, crop load, yield efficiency and yield. During the period of blooming and intensive shoot growth, artificial inoculations were carried out. For each cultivar, a fire blight score was determined by dividing the average length of necrotic tissue by the average total shoot length. In the study period, the cultivars 'GoldRush' (41.1 t ha−1) and 'Florina' (35.9 t ha−1) produced the highest yields, and the cultivars 'Discovery' (19.0 t ha−1) and Selection 25/63 (15.1 t ha−1) the lowest. The cultivar 'William's Pride' produced the largest fruits, with an average fruit mass of 206.8 g. The earliest harvest period was recorded for the cultivar 'Discovery' (end of July), and the latest for the cultivar 'GoldRush' (beginning of October). The cultivar 'Enterprise' had the highest value of total phenols (432.2 mg 100 g −1 FW), while the cultivar 'Topaz' had the highest value of total flavanols (145.2 mg 100 g−1 FW). The highest degree of susceptibility to fire blight was found in Selection 25/63, and the greatest resistance was manifested by the cultivar 'GoldRush'. In the five-year study period, the cultivars 'GoldRush', 'Rewena' and 'Enterprise' exhibited better bio-chemical properties and higher levels of resistance to fire blight than the remaining cultivars.


Because of the effect of the space local scattering, when two non-coherent desired signals are incident in the mainlobe of the beampattern at the same time, the beampattern of the conventional adaptive beamformer can form a null in one of the desired signal directions, which will further destroy the integrity of the mainlobe and lead the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) to drop significantly. In response to this, a robust adaptive beamforming method based on the mainlobe shape-preserving is proposed in this paper. The diagonal loading technique is used to process the covariance matrix of the proposed method and a simple and closed-form expression for the loading factor can be obtained by constructing the optimization model of maximizing the output SINR of the one desired signal under the condition that the output SINR of the another desired signal is not less than a certain value. Simulation results have demonstrated the validity of the proposed method.


Page (P.) 5184 Line (l) 18 The LIA aridity over the whole period 1500-1800 AD is poorly supported by the data, in particular the reconstructed lake level (Fig.5), at least for lake Kyasanduka over most of the whole period, and for the end of the period (post 1700 AD), for lake Nyamogusingiri. See also other specific comments below.


The high-temperature stability of lanthanum silicate gate dielectric metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with either Ta or TaN electrodes has been studied. After a 1000°C, 10 s rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment, devices with Ta gate metal undergo an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) increase from 0.62 to 1.57 nm or higher, while devices with TaN as the gate electrode experience an EOT increase from 0.62 to only 1.12 nm. An EOT less than 1.0 nm is achieved after a 5 s 1000°C RTA, with a corresponding gate leakage of 0.1 A/cm 2 . Medium-energy ion scattering and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveal that the Ta gate metal undergoes a phase change due to reaction with N 2 above 800°C, while for TaN no change in the XRD spectrum is detected. Interface state defect densities and leakage currents are reduced after the high-temperature processing. Results reveal the importance of the entire gate stack design and processing in obtaining good device properties.


Tin oxide nanowires (NWs) exhibit interesting electronic properties, which can be harnessed for applications in nanoelectronic devices and sensors. Oriented single crystalline tin oxide NWs were grown at 45° from a titanium dioxide substrate. Their elastic properties were investigated in a two-point geometry using an atomic force microscope (AFM) coupled with a scanning electron microscope under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Young's modulus was calculated by bending individual NWs and measuring the force exerted on the AFM tip during force–displacement measurements. For the NWs investigated, having radial dimensions below 45 nm and length up to 1.2 µm, we found an average value of 100 ± 20 GPa, which is below the theoretical predictions calculated for different SnO2 single crystal orientations, yet consistent with the indentation moduli of nanobelts. Finally, we discuss the effects of the nanowire–cantilever configuration on the measured Young's modulus.


This paper presents a new method of disabled fault diagnosis. The method integrates both the fault diagnosis technology based on analytical model and the technology based on the signal processing, and gets the fault feature by wavelet analysis of the RLS estimate time sequences of system parameter. It possesses the advantage of these two kinds of fault diagnosis technology. The way to choose wavelet basic function and scale of the issue mentioned in this paper is also discussed. The simulation results show that our method is effective.


The localization of an acoustic source can be based on the energy measurements at a number of spatially separated microphones. This is because the amount of source energy attenuation at a microphone is proportional to the square of the distance between the source and the microphone. This paper develops an algebraic closed-form solution for the acoustic source localization problem using energy measurements, under the condition of direct line-of-sight and free space propagation. First-order analysis is applied to the proposed solution to study its performance, where only the linear noise terms are kept in obtaining the mean-square localization error. The first-order analytical results show that the proposed solution reaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy for Gaussian noise as the signal-to-noise ratio tends to infinity. In addition, the proposed solution provides much better accuracy than other closed-form solutions available in literature. Improvement on the proposed solution that extends its operating range beyond the threshold noise level was made by imposing nonnegative constraints. Simulations are included to corroborate the performance of the proposed method.


Background: Considering the association of inflammation with suicide and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), we investigated the individual and interactive effects of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNFα) levels and two polymorphisms (−850 C/T and −308 G/A) on suicidal ideation (SI) after ACS. Methods: The SI status using items on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), related covariates including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, sTNFα levels, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) polymorphisms were evaluated in 969 patients within 2 weeks after ACS. Of the patients, 711 were evaluated 1 year later for SI. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate individual and interactive associations after adjusting for the covariates. Results: Higher (vs. lower) sTNFα levels and the −850 C/T or T/T (vs. C/C) polymorphism were significantly associated with SI 2 weeks after ACS, while only higher sTNFα levels were significantly associated with SI after 1 year. Significant interactive effects were detected between sTNFα (higher) levels and the −850 C/T (C/C or C/T) polymorphism on SI 2 weeks after ACS and between the two (−850 CC or CT and −308 G/A or AA) polymorphisms on SI 1 year after ACS. Conclusions: The sTNFα level and two polymorphisms (−850C/T and −308 G/A), separately or in combination, could be time-specific biomarkers for SI in ACS. Focused interventions for ACS patients at risk of SI might reduce the suicidal burden in patients with ACS.


This study was carried out to figure out effect of income and education levels on chicken consumption taste performances and habits in urban area of Bingol. This study focused on consumer's income, food expenditure, consumption quantities, decision-making and purchasing process. To achieve this goal prepared questionnaires were given to 384 families. Sample size of this study was determined with unclustered probability sampling method. According to the survey the average age, monthly income and food expenditure were 42, 2183.12 TL and 486 TL respectively. Yearly chicken consumption per person and family were calculated as 28.4 and 143.8 kg respectively. It was observed that while 31.3% of consumers were buying chicken once a week, 44.5 and 58.5% of them preferred to buy whole chicken and from supermarket, respectively. According to the purchasing performance of consumers; breeding, feeding and marketing models to determine are extremely important.


─ A patterned ground and its exactly equivalent lumped circuit model are analyzed in depth in this paper. Characteristics of the introduced patterned ground include providing the finite attenuation pole and reflection pole near the cutoff frequency, thus effectively improving the frequency-response selectivity. The basic unit cell and its performance are first studied. A circuit theory-based lumped model is then introduced. To verify the developed equivalent model, a prototype low-pass filter using three cascaded cells is designed. Results of the prototype filter show a good consistency between the experiment and


Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed on a 40‐year‐old woman at 9 1/2 menstrual weeks because of advanced maternal age. The direct preparation showed 46,XY,dup(10)(q11.2q23.2). CVS long‐term culture and fetal tissue revealed a rare additional abnormality: 48,XXXY,dup(10)(q11.2q23.2). This abnormality represented the major cell line (>85 per cent in 691 cells) in an (XY)/XXY/XXXY/(XXXXY) mosaic (all cell lines presumably bearing the dup(10q); the presence of XY and XXXXY cell lines is uncertain). To our knowledge, this is the first report of trisomy 10q11‐q23 and of prenatally detected 48,XXXY in chorionic villi. The mosaic could have resulted from early post‐zygotic non‐disjunctions in a 46,XY,dup(10q) or 47,XXY,dup(10q) zygote. The results from DNA studies of four polymorphisms, mapped to Xp and Xq, support this theory. The literature on prenatally detected cases with sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy and those with additional autosomal abnormalities is reviewed. The reported case underlines the problem of false‐negative findings when only direct CVS preparations are karyotyped.


Abstract : The NCF control algorithm for an active suspension system was proposed and investigated. The NCF algorithm using spring dynamic variation force and suspension relative velocity was applied to the 1/4 vehicle model and numerical analysis was performed. Vehicle's performances such as vehicle displacement, vehicle acceleration, suspension deflection, tire deflection and absorbed power were calculated and compared with those of the passive, semi-active and LQR active suspension system that use full state feedback. Numerical results show that the proposed NCF active suspension system has superior performance compared with the passive and semi-active suspension system and has very similar performance compared with the LQR active suspension system. So the proposed NCF algorithm is considered as a highly practical algorithm because it requires only one displacement sensor in a 1/4 vehicle model. Key words : Active suspension( 능동 현가장치), Control algorithm( 제어 알고리즘), NCF control algorithm(준 정적 하중 제어 알고리즘), Absorbed power(흡수 동력)


ABSTRACT This paper examines a new set of average cost data from a large international NGO, finding that costs for the same intervention can vary as much as twenty times when scale or context is changed. Despite this challenge to the generalisability of cost estimates, a high proportion of the variation can be explained by observable program and contextual characteristics. Binary questions about whether cost estimates are externally valid do not provide a useful framework for wider inference; instead, researchers can gain analytical traction if they study what factors cause the costs of specific interventions to change, and by how much.


Abstract : Pollution has become a problem in our daily life. It affect human health, it also contributes major part in global warming. So somewhere it is important to have control over it in order to build a smart city. In this project we are making a system by which we can monitor real time air pollution. By measuring content of various polluted gases present in environment, and give a graphical results. With the help of graphical results we can predict the pollution in that particular area.


BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over one million deaths worldwide, thus there is an urgent need to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies. The anti-tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) demonstrates non-specific protective innate immune-boosting effects. Here, we determined if history of BCG vaccination was associated with decreased SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion in a retrospective observational study of a diverse cohort of health care workers (HCWs).

METHODS
We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and collected medical questionnaires, including BCG vaccination status and pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics, from an observational cohort of HCWs in a multi-site Los Angeles healthcare organization. We used multi-variate analysis to estimate if history of BCG vaccination was associated with decreased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion.

RESULTS
Of the 6,201 HCWs, 29.6% reported a history of BCG vaccination whereas 68.9% did not receive BCG vaccination. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG as well as incidence of self-reported clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 were significantly decreased among HCWs with a history of BCG vaccination compared to those without BCG vaccination. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that history of BCG vaccination, but not meningococcal, pneumococcal or influenza vaccination, was associated with decreased SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion.

CONCLUSIONS
History of BCG vaccination was associated with decreased seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and reduced reported COVID-19-related clinical symptoms in this cohort of HCWs. Therefore, large randomized prospective clinical trials of BCG vaccination are urgently needed to confirm if BCG vaccination can induced a protective effect against SARS-CoV2 infection.

FUNDING
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (U54 CA26059) and the Erika J. Glazer Family Foundation. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, healthcare workers, trained immunity.


Laminate repair is a basic research topic of composite repair. Thereinto, patch bonded repair and flush repair are the two most important methods. In this work, FEM analysis was researched on the above two methods, and the scheme of parameter selection was provided. The research shows that, for most patch bonded cases, patch thickness should be half of the original laminate, and the overlap length should be about 25 mm. And for most flush repairs, the scarf angle can be 6°. Typical specimens were tested to verify the optimized design parameters. To eliminate the influence of the additional bending and to simulate the actual structure more exactly, the patch bonded specimens should be designed as two sided repair. The results of the tests fitted in well with the parameters derived from the theoretical analysis. And the scheme of parameter selection has great significance in directing the engineering practice of composite repair.


Sport, education, tourism and certain other categories of behaviour are partly industrialised: they are supported and fostered partly by industries distinctive to the behaviour (e.g. tourism industries) and are partly reliant on other industries and other factors that have passive and incidental, not strategic, links to it. The partial industrialisation syndrome has been discussed in a number of studies containing theoretical and empirical research (Leiper, 1990, 1995; 2003; Firth, 2002). Building on those foundations, a new model provides a clearer explanation, and an approach for further research. It shows two axes along which organisations supplying tourists directly with services or goods can be positioned. A vertical axis represents the degree to which an organisation is in the business of tourism, normally via competitive strategies targeting distinctive attributes of tourists. A horizontal axis represents the degree to which an organisation participates co-operatively in one or more tourism industries, to gain the synergies present in all genuine industries. The model's quadrants contain four classifications of organisations arranged according to their strategic relationships (or lack thereof) to tourism and to one another. The model provides ideas for research to further explore this issue, with implications for better understanding tourism and useful for various stakeholders.


The present invention relates to the increase or to maximize the atomic layer deposition equipment, and a method of atomic layer deposition productivity. His equipment, the reaction chamber to provide a separate space from the outside; Heater while supporting the plurality of the semiconductor substrate in the reaction chamber at a constant interval are formed so as to heat the plurality of the semiconductor substrate; And is made to individually as swept with respect to the plurality of the semiconductor substrate is supported by the heater comprises a plurality of injectors for injecting the reactive gas over the plurality of semiconductor substrates. A semiconductor substrate, the chamber (chamber), the injector (inject), bellows (bellows), sweep (sweeping)


The present invention relates to Tr1 cells, dormant Tr1 cells and / or activation of Tr1 cells isolated or enriched for removing Tr1 cells, dormant Tr1 cells and / or activation of Tr1 cells in the cell population, and for the treatment chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, cancer and organ transplant conditions and kits.


This paper introduces a boosting type cylinder clamp with symmetrical arrangement of force increasing device on both sides. The clamping force produced by cylinder acts on the drill rod based on lever boosting principle. This clamp has the advantages of small size and high clamping ability. The selection of the main design parameters and the calculation process are introduced in detail.


The explosive growth of business analytics has created a high demand for individuals who can help organizations gain competitive advantage by extracting business knowledge from data. What types of jobs satisfy this demand and what types of skills should individuals possess to satisfy this huge and growing demand? The authors perform a content analysis of 958 job advertisements posted during 2014-2015 for four types of positions: business analyst, data analyst, data scientist, and data analytics manager. They use a text mining approach to identify the skills needed for these job types and identify six distinct broad competencies. They also identify the competencies unique to a particular type of job and those common to all job types. Their job type categorization provides a framework that organizations can use to inventory their existing workforce competencies in order to identify critical future human resources. It can also guide individual professionals with their career planning as well as academic institutions in assessing and advancing their business analytics curricula.


Jinendrabuddhi's (approx. 710–770 CE) Pramanasamuccayatika is a detailed commentary on Dignaga's (approx. 480–540) Pramanasamuccaya, the text that traditionally marked the foundation of the Buddhist school of logic and epistemology in India. The current volume presents a diplomatic and critical Sanskrit edition of the sixth and final chapter of Jinendrabuddhi's commentary, where the focus is the theory of "false rejoinders", a dialectical question rarely treated by Indian Buddhist logicians later than the seventh century. Jinendrabuddhi's voluminous commentary is thus a highly important source, not only for research on the development of the Buddhist school of logic, but also on Indian philosophy in general. The diplomatic edition presented in the current volume is based on a single extant Sanskrit manuscript of the Pramanasamuccayatika kept in Lhasa, Tibet. Access to copies of this manuscript has been made available only recently. To produce the critical edition, also the Tibetan translation of Jinendrabuddhi's commentary and other relevant materials were taken into consideration. Not only does the critically edited text enable a more exact interpretation of Dignaga's theory of "false rejoinders" than has hitherto been possible, it also illuminates details regarding the history of the Indian Buddhist tradition of dialectics prior to Dignaga's time. Editions of the first two of the Pramanasamuccayatika's six chapters have already been published, in 2005 and 2012, in the current series "Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region" (STTAR).


ABSTRACT: This article shows the discussion about the social assistant"s syndical organization in Brazil, considering the relation of syndical movement in the category, immerse in the democratic reopening, with the movement that provoked accumulation for the rupture with conservative Social Work. Also, it"s intended to analyze the transition process of social assistant"s syndical organization, from categories to branch of economic activity, showing that transition, categorized as unfinished, given not only particular questions from professional category, but also the neoliberal impacts to the syndicalism in Brazil. This article shows the discussion about the social assistant"s syndical organization in Brazil, considering the relation of syndical movement in the category, immerse in the democratic reopening, with the movement that provoked accumulation for the rupture with conservative Social Work. Also, it"s intended to analyze the transition process of social assistant"s syndical organization, from categories to branch of economic activity, showing that transition, categorized as unfinished, given not only particular questions from professional category, but also the neoliberal impacts to the syndicalism in Brazil.


We present in this paper a novel method for 3D segmentation of the mouse spleen in X-ray CT (microCT) data. Our approach is based upon the 2D "active contours for smooth without edges" algorithm. We introduce a simple statistical weighting scheme that improves region contrast and segmentation performance. We extend the 2D approach to 3D by slice-to-slice processing, including the 3D flow of image statistics. The technique requires no training and operates semi-automatically, requiring only the entry of a single seed point within the spleen. Results are shown that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach


In the P2P network, how to quickly and accurately positioning of resources is a key measure of the performance. Nowadays, distributed P2P system generally adopts DHT search method, DHT-based P2P network search algorithm of P2P is a hot topic. The paper introduces the background and current research status of the DHT. Then focused on the Pastry algorithm, Finally Pastry algorithm was analyzed and some disadvantage about it was discussed.


Introduction. The push for personalized medicine in oncology has generated an influx of therapies targeting similar pathways, despite only 5% of clinically tested agents receiving FDA approval (Mattina 2017). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy where identification of prognostically significant mutations suggests growing potential for therapeutic inhibition. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are deemed one of few "actionable" mutations and include 30% of de novo AML cases (25% ITD, 5% TKD) (Garcia 2017; Fathi 2016). In 2017 there will be approximately 21000 new AML cases, roughly 6000 of these patients will be FLT3+ (ACS 2017). In line with prior research in melanoma elucidating the growing number of trials aimed at personalized medicine, we sought to identify the total number of therapeutic trials studying FLT3 inhibitors (Tang 2018). We analyzed the total number of FLT3+ patients required for recruitment to these trials to ensure successful completion compared to incidence of this molecular abnormality within the AML patient population.
 Methods.A systematic review of therapeutic clinical trials focusing on adult FLT3+ AML from 2000-2017 was conducted using the PRISMA 2009 guidelines (Figure 1). We identified 78 therapeutic trials of FLT3 targeted therapies by cross-referencing ClinicalTrials.gov (66) and PubMed publications (12). Assuming constant accrual rate over the duration of each trial and constant rate of FLT3 mutations at 30% since 2000, statistical analysis was performed using the study start dates and primary completion dates of all trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Incidence data was collected from the CDC, SEER database, and literature review (De Kouchkovsky 2016; ASCO 2018). Projections of discrepancies between anticipated clinical trial enrollment were provided using consistently cited rates of adult participation of 1%, 3% and 5% versus participant enrollment needed to satisfy current projected trends (Rinde 2018; Unger 2016).
 Results. Twenty-four therapeutic FLT3 inhibitors being investigated were identified in 78 distinct clinical trials. Pharmaceutical versus cooperative group support was 2.23:1, with 29 different pharmaceutical sponsors and 13 cooperative group/non-profit/academic sponsors(Table 1). Thirty-eight (48.7%) trials/publications accrued in the US only, 21 (26.9%) at international sites only, 15 (19.2%) accrued in both the US and internationally, and 4 (5.1%) had no location listed at time of search. Only one study (NCT03258931) proposed a head-to-head comparison of midostaurin versus crenolanib.
 The number of patients needed to satisfy enrollment began to surpass the upper bound of estimated participation in 2010, dropping slightly from 2013-2014 and noticeably surpassing projected participation rates from 2015-2016 (Figures 2 & 3). In 2017, approximately 21380 patients were diagnosed with AML, roughly 6414 were FLT3 positive. Assuming 5% participation rate, 320.7 FLT3 positive patients would be expected to enroll in clinical trials. However, the total number of patients needed to satisfy enrollment in 2017 was 1235; after excluding international and completed trials, the total number needed is 844.49 patients. Based on statistical analyses, we estimate that 13.2% of all US patients with FLT3 pos AML would have to enroll to satisfy eligibility in 2017; roughly 3 times the upper level of historical clinical trial participation rates in the US.
 Conclusions. The current clinical trial process investigating targeted therapies in AML requires an unusually high and unsustainable enrollment, given the discrepancy between the incidence of AML patients with targetable mutations and the number of pharmaceutical agents being studied for these small patient populations. This discrepancy becomes even more startling when considering barriers to enrollment, including insurance market restrictions, geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Most of these trials do not compare available agents to identify the drug that may provide the most patient benefit. Whether this method of finding new therapies eventually leading to FDA approval continues to be sustainable or whether such duplicative trials dilute the valuable resource of AML patients with rare, targetable mutations, thus impeding development of the most effective therapeutic agents, must considered by the research and regulatory community.

 Borate: Novartis: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy.


T WORLD trading environment is fast changing and is becoming more and more complex. Developing countries are confronted with innumerable problems-the balance-of-payments problems, the burden of external debt and its servicing, high interest rates, unstable exchange rates and depressed export earnings. Protectionism in all its forms, as practised by the developed countries, is thwarting the exports of developing countries. In the agricultural sector, many protectionist measures have combined to restrain the growth of trade, including access limitations, open-ended support policies in high-cost producing countries and particularly in recent years the widespread use of export subsidies to dispose of the resulting surpluses. The prolonged economic recession has caused stress and distress on hundreds of millions of people in agriculture in different parts of the world, particularly in developing countries.


(57) Abstract: electrical protection system, the load in series with the resistors and the relay, and, and in parallel with the load, including a PTC device connected in series with the coil for controlling the relay. Its PTC device resistance and thermally is linked, as a result, if the overcurrent overheats resistance, relay is opened. Relay coil to close the relay, can be remotely activated by means of, for example, an RC circuit. Such protection systems, in order to provide diagnostic capability, is coupled to other components.


Choosing the most effective word-mangling rules to use when performing a dictionary-based password cracking attack can be a difficult task. In this paper we discuss a new method that generates password structures in highest probability order. We first automatically create a probabilistic context-free grammar based upon a training set of previously disclosed passwords. This grammar then allows us to generate word-mangling rules, and from them, password guesses to be used in password cracking. We will also show that this approach seems to provide a more effective way to crack passwords as compared to traditional methods by testing our tools and techniques on real password sets. In one series of experiments, training on a set of disclosed passwords, our approach was able to crack 28% to 129% more passwords than John the Ripper, a publicly available standard password cracking program.


Hospital design technology of Korea has recently been exported to underdeveloped countries through the EDCF business. This business reflects our high technology of the hospital design and the regional features that reflect the natural environments, the architectural features and the architectural technology of underdeveloped countries. In accordance with the trend of the global environmental-friendly design market, introduction of environmental-friendly design is needed in the project of hospital for underdeveloped countries. A result of examining the Bangladesh case, the hospital design for the underdeveloped countries already contains a lots of environmental-friendly design elements which have lots of effect. In addition, these environmental elements already contains the advantage and efficiency of operation. Thus, for the success of the hospital design project of the international assistance business, it is necessary actively to discover the environmental-friendly design elements of the region, and to survey the environmental-friendly construction of the region and to make the guidelines of environmental-friendly hospital design during the feasibility study phase.


The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis, to find out various kinds of the gastrointestinal tract worm egg and influence of age and sex to the gastrointestinal tract worms infection on cattle at Benowo land fill, Surabaya. Stool samples were taken from the landfill as many as 41 samples. Stool examination was performed by native, simple sedimentation and Fulleborn floatation methods. The results showed that 30 samples were positive infected by gastrointestinal helminth, its indicated that helminthiasis prevalence was 73%. The kind of worm eggs were Nematode class, they were Oesophagostomum sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Bunostomum sp., Mecistocirrus digitatus, Trichuris sp and Toxocara vitulorum. According to the statistic analysis, could be concluded that age and sex has not an effect to the helminth infection.


The noise robustness of an audio fingerprinting system is one of the most important issues in music information retrieval by the content-based audio identification technique. In a real environment, sound recordings are commonly distorted by channel and background noise. Recently, Philips published a robust and efficient audio fingerprinting system for audio identification. To extract a robust and efficient audio fingerprint, Philips applied the first derivative (differential) to the frequency-time sequence of the perceptual filter-bank energies. In practice, however, the noise robustness of Philips' audio fingerprinting scheme is still insufficient. In this paper, we introduce an extension method of the audio fingerprinting scheme for the enhancement of noise robustness. As an alternative to frequency filtering, a type of band-pass filter, instead of a high-pass filter, is used to achieve robustness to background noise in a real situation. Our experimental results show that the proposed filter improves the noise robustness in audio identification.


It is well known that monopoly is an important issue in economic,but it is also presented in law that has not been realized by people.Monopoly in law emphasizes what use and manipulate the law by such subjects as legislator,executors,judicature,lawyers and jurists,which appears in the forms of power monopoly,communication mechansim monopoly,power to discourse monopoly, and social image monopoly,etc.The issue of monopoly in law should be take seriously for it does matter for the construction of rule of law.


The purpose of this study was to describe the management of students in realizing the local cultural character of students at sd negeri 9 Barurejo Banyuwangi as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The informants of this research include; principals, teachers, and students. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique chosen in data analysis is data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. And the results of this study indicate that the management of students at SD Negeri 9 Barurejo has been going well as evidenced by the fact that there are schools that are trying to achieve goals, one of which is by channeling and developing general abilities or intelligence, talents and interests of students so that through the existence of cultural character local. The local cultural characters in question are religious culture, discipline culture, responsibility culture, and artistic culture in this case the art culture of gendering dance, hadrah, scouts, and drum bands, all of which are local cultures that can shape the character of the students at the school. The supporting factors are support from the principal, teacher motivation, student enthusiasm, adequate infrastructure, and enthusiasm from the guardian. while the inhibiting factor is a matter of time management, environment, and interests of students.


Diabetic nephropathy is a very serious complication of the patients with diabetes mellitus and is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure and end‐stage kidney disease in Japan as well as in the United States. In advanced chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, protein and mineral intakes are restricted for the diet therapy. However, there are only a few reports about an effect of protein quality on diabetic nephropathy, except for soybean protein. Therefore, we focused on effects of alkali‐extracted rice protein (AE‐RP) on diabetic nephropathy. Male obese type 2 diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were fed 20% AE‐RP or casein (C) diets for 8 wk. The parameters related to kidney functions in the blood and urine were determined, and the kidney tissue sections at the end of the study were obtained for histological analysis. The plasma urea nitrogen (14.1 vs. 19.7 mg/dL) and urinary albumin excretion (88.5 vs. 170.2 mg/d) were significantly decreased in the AE‐RP group, compared to the C group. In addition, renal glomerular damages were significantly lower in the AE‐RP group. These results suggest that AE‐RP has protective effects on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetic rats. This study was supported by grants to MK from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan.


The Japanese-Slovene dictionary jaSlo: its development, enhancement and use The paper presents the on-line Japanese-Slovene dictionary jaSlo, in particular the ways in which it has been used, and how it has been extended with examples mined from a parallel corpus. The paper first describes jaSlo and the structure of its dictionary entry, its Web interface for searching, and an analysis of the access logs. The use of jaSlo in the context of the Japanese reading-support tool Reading Tutor is described next, again followed by an analysis of the access logs. Also discussed is the manner in which usage examples were added to the dictionary, and an evaluation of their usefulness. The paper concludes with directions for further work.


A simulator is being built to determine the practicality of using an advanced avionics system in a helicopter. Features include an autopilot; a navigation and flight planning component; an advisory system built into the computer; conventional gages and displays; a clock function; a fuel totalizer; a weight and balance computator; a performance evaluator; and emergency and normal checklists. The translation of a computer program written in PASCAL into a form that can be read by the graphics package for the simulator and basic electronic work in simulator construction are discussed.


likely to have signifi cant appeal to musicologists, historians, and literary scholars alike. Indeed, although it is framed as "a local study of female characterizations distributed by London's ballad trade and its associated music" (14), it covers much broader terrain, including analyses of the ballad's cultural context and circulation in English society, performance conventions, and connections to other literary sources. This fascinating and innovative work is thus likely to be of great interest to scholars of the English broadside ballad, as well as those interested in the historical intersections of music, sound, and gender.


Sap flow meters based on the stem heat balance method were used to continuously measure the sap flow of Phyllostachys edulis in the Forest Ecosystem Research Station in Dagangshan mountain, Jiangxi Province and in the meantime automatic meteorological stations were used to observe the meteorological factors from September, 2009 to July 2010. Results indicated that the average sap flow rate showed distinct diurnal change rhythms both in sunny and cloudy days in different seasons. The fluctuations of the daily sap flow rates were relatively mild from day to day in autumn and winter, while the fluctuations were relatively violent in spring and summer due to the influences by rainfalls. The sap flow usually displayed unmoral curves in fine days, however it sometimes showed bimodal curves in spring and summer, without significant "noontime depression" phenomenon. There was weak sap flow at nights regardless of seasons or weathers, likely driven by root pressure. The main meteorological factors influencing the sap flow varied in different seasons probably because of the different moisture absorption modes in different seasons. The sap flow was most related to air temperature during dormant time and most related to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the growth season. The sap flow showed distinct seasonal dynamics and the rate was (97.88±5.73) g·h-1, (52.27±3.66) g·h-1, (167.81±20.15) g·h-1 and (414.04±48.62) g·h-1 respectively in the end of growth season, dormant period, early- and mid-phase of the growth season. Multiple linear regression matrix was established between the meteorological factors, regarding PAR, solar radiation, air temperature as independent variables, and sap flow rate of different seasons as dependent variables with high significance.


Numerous planning decisions within the sectors of the economy which are producers, transporters and users, or potential users, of natural gas as well as in the political realm must be based upon a sound knowledge of the relative problems and costs involved in resource development. This project has attempted to gather the data and analyze the results relating to natural gas resources of the United States in a rational manner which can provide a logical basis for many of the planning decisions which must be made. The project began with the work of the Potential Gas Committee. This project has had three objectives: (1) to assemble a data base of information regarding the distribution of the postulated natural gas resource of the United States based on Potential Gas Committee work, but with added data necessary for evaluation of development costs, (2) to develop a methodology for evaluating the relative costs of development of the natural gas resource potential estimated by the Potential Gas Committee and to calculate the relative costs of development of the natural gas resource potential for those geographic areas for which estimates have been made by the Potential Gas Committee and for which meaningful data on drillingmore » costs and other factors are available, and (3) to present these data in such a way that meaningful comparisons can be made between alternate sources. The data base of basic resource data, together with the calculated cost of development of the natural gas resource for each of the studied provinces, is included in Appendix I. Drilling cost data are included in Appendix II. These data tables form an important part of the results of this study. These data have been derived from both the judgment of the members of the Potential Gas Committee and the interpretations of the staff of the Institute for Energy Resource Studies. 10 refs., 13 figs., 5 tabs.« less


The qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids (vicenin-2, luteolin-3',7-di-O-glykoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin) and chlorogenic acid has been studied by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in grass, leaves, and stems of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) samples collected in the Kaunas region of Lithuania. It is established that these substances exhibit a characteristic distribution, with predominant formation of apigenin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside among the identified flavonoids in the grass of yarrow, whereas in the leaves contain predominantly chlorogenic acid, rutin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and the stems contain predominantly chlorogenic acid, rutin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside.


This paper addresses leadership in relation to self-organization and coordination both within and between groups. We draw on the work of Crevani et al. (2010) who conceptualize leadership as emergent from relations in terms of co-orientation and action-spacing and study two comparable cases in two different product development organizations. Both cases concern individuals who assume the responsibility of enabling leadership in groups rather than being the leaders themselves. One of the cases concerns groups of representatives that gather temporarily to coordinate specific inter-group dependencies and the other case concerns self-organizing work groups that are stable over time. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, patterns of practice are identified that are used to enable co-orientation and action-spacing both in intra- and inter-group coordination.


The Colfax High School Design Tech program incorporates both academic instruction and practical use of advanced technology to prepare students for the wide range of occupations that involve working with metal, wood, computers and electronics. By Jerry Fireman Students at Colfax High School in Colfax, California, apply academic learning, develop flexible thinking and acquire marketable skills in the school's Design Tech program. Thirty students rotate through four classes—metal shop, wood shop, computers and electronics—spending four-and-a-half weeks in each discipline. In each of these classes they contribute to their final project—a solar-powered drag racer featuring a metal chassis, custom-made circuit board, student-designed sticker package and a molded wood body. The students learn to use advanced manufacturing technology like a computer numerical control (CNC) router that is used to build the wooden body as well as a CNC plasma cutter that is used to build the metal chassis of the drag racer. Near the end of the class, students and their cars face off in a school-wide race.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: construction boards with homogeneous decorative surface with wear layer including fibers, binders and wear-resistant particles. EFFECT: higher wear resistance. 26 cl, 17 dwg