Little is known about how family factors impacting treatment adherence in type 1 diabetes are directly associated with unplanned healthcare utilization (e.g., emergency room visits and hospital admissions). Given the substantial financial burden of diabetes, understanding predictors of healthcare utilization in particular is important to inform behavioral interventions aimed toward improving adherence.


Objective To investigate the anatomical origin of P3a wave generation in rabbits. Methods Intracranial electrodes were deposited at chosen brain regions for their destruction and event-related potentials (ERPs) were subsequently recorded. P3a wave was elicited and recorded at Pz to assess the impact of associated brain region destruction on it, thereby to estimate the possible origin where P3a wave is generated. Results The amplitude of P3a wave was significantly decreased after destruction of AcgⅡ(P0.05) or acg7' (P0.01), and the latency of the P3a was markedly prolonged after the destruction of acg7' (P0.01) while the destruction of AcgⅡ did not significantly affect the latency (P0.05). P3a wave disappeared only after the destruction of AcgⅠ. Conclusion The AcgⅠarea is the origin of P3a wave generation in rabbits.


Based on the Mann-Kendall nonparametric tests on the annual mean temperature,annual precipitation and annual runoff from five hydrological stations in the headwaters of Tarim River from 1957 to 2003,Hurst indexes were analyzed by means of R/S method to analyze the statistical characteristics of durative and tendency of runoff.It is found that due to the increasing temperature in the basin,the annual runoff in the Aksu River had an obviously increasing tendency,and the persistence of the tendency was very obvious;the annual runoff in the Hotan River had an insignificant tendency of decreasing,and a random variation will be strong in the future;the annual runoff in the Yarkand River also had an insignificant tendency of increasing,and a reverse persistence and a randomness will coexist in the future.


ABSTRACT The effectiveness of a bilingual (English/Spanish) computer-assisted alcohol screening/intervention for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, the Health Habits Survey (HHS) was tested in primary care settings. Assessment-only patients were compared with patients exposed to the HHS. Of the 2053 recruited, 151 (7.4%) screened positive on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and were re-contacted six months later for follow-up. Significant alcohol reduction was observed in both conditions. No between-group differences were observed. Computer-assisted screening and intervention are feasible in primary care settings and may be a realistic provider-extender when traditional screening is absent or inconsistently implemented.


Aims NICE guideline CG183 states that "both the drug and the description of the reaction must be documented on all forms of prescription and in a patient's medical records". Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (BCPNFT) documents allergy status on both paper drug charts and the Electronic Patient Record""Ri"" (EPR). Incomplete Allergy Status on EPR poses a significant patient safety risk, particularly in an era of hybrid working and out of hours input from remotely based clinicians. The standard for this audit is that 100% of drug charts and Rio notes should have allergy status documented. The BCPNFT is a collection of psychiatric services across four towns- Dudley, Walsall, West Bromwich and Wolverhampton. The aim was to ensure consistent practice and standards across all sites. Following the initial data collection, discussion of findings and Action Plan (AP), and to ensure consistent standards, it was agreed to expand the project to include all General Adult in-patient units. Methods A data collection tool was designed collaboratively with the QI Department, to capture demographics, diagnosis, admission duration, legal status and allergy status both written and digital. This tool applied for all 96 older adult in-patients across the four localities within the trust on 03.10.22. The only exclusion criteria was admission within 24 hours of the data collection date. Results Data Collection: 100% of Paper Drug Charts had allergy status documented, only 70% have type or severity of allergic reaction documented. Despite 76% of in-patients admission of 4 weeks or longer, only 62% of patients had their allergy status documented on EPR, this varied from 30-100% across individual wards. EPR allergy status documented: Wolverhampton 93% West Bromwich 100% Dudley 33% Walsall 39% Conclusion The results from all four localities were presented at the respective locality post graduate teaching, the EPR configuration team meeting and the QI Group meeting to gain Multi-Disciplinary Team feedback for both low documentation rates and high variability across sites. Based on this feedback, the AP comprised of incorporating an Allergy Status prompt into the electronic clerking document, visual prompts of stickers and posters across all wards. Also, liaising with Pharmacy to request they also update the allergy status on EPR; and Ward Matrons who have added an Allergy Status alert onto their bed state view. Data will then recollected post AP interventions, across all older and working age adult inpatient wards- a sample size of around 300 patients. The second data collection is currently being undertaken.


Caldesmon was originally purified from gizzard smooth muscle as a major calmo‐dulin‐binding protein which also interacts with actin filaments. It has an alternative binding ability to either calmodulin or actin filaments depending upon the concentration of Ca2+("flip‐flop binding"). Two forms of caldesmon (Mr's in the range of 120–150 kDa and 70–80 kDa) have been demonstrated in a wide variety of smooth muscles and nonmuscle cells. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that caldesmon is colocalized with actin filaments in vivo. Considering its abundance, the Ca2+ ‐dependent flip‐flop binding ability to either calmodulin or actin filaments, and its intracellular localization, caldesmon is expected to be involved in contractile events. Recent results from our laboratory have led to the conclusion that caldesmon regulates the smooth muscle and nonmuscle actin‐myosin interaction and the smooth muscle actin‐high Mr actin‐binding protein (ABP or filamin) interactin in a flip‐flop manner. It might function in cell motility by regulating the contractile system.


Individual identification of dairy cows based on computer vision technology shows strong performance and practicality. Accurate identification of each dairy cow is the prerequisite of artificial intelligence technology applied in smart animal husbandry. While the rump of each dairy cow also has lots of important features, so do the back and head, which are also important for individual recognition. In this paper, we propose a non-contact cow rump identification method based on convolutional neural networks. First, the rump image sequences of the cows while feeding were collected. Then, an object detection model was applied to detect the cow rump object in each frame of image. Finally, a fine-tuned convolutional neural network model was trained to identify cow rumps. An image dataset containing 195 different cows was created to validate the proposed method. The method achieved an identification accuracy of 99.76%, which showed a better performance compared to other related methods and a good potential in the actual production environment of cow husbandry, and the model is light enough to be deployed in an edge-computing device.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor device having a relatively simple structure which is robust, highly reliable and capable of credibly reducing flux leakage.SOLUTION: A motor device 101 comprises: a motor 102; and a motor holder 1 in which the motor 102 is arranged. The motor 102 is configured such that two pairs of magnets 4a and 4b are aligned in the circumferential direction of an inner peripheral surface of a yoke 3 formed into a hollow cylindrical shape. The motor 102 is held inside the motor holder 1 while a rib 6 provided to protrude from an inner peripheral surface of the motor holder 1 is brought into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the yoke 3. Meanwhile, on the inner peripheral surface of the motor holder 1, auxiliary magnetic bodies 7a and 7b are aligned in a manner corresponding to gaps 21a and 21b provided at a location where the magnets 4a and 4b are adjacent to each other. With the configuration described above, it is possible to reduce flux leakage from the gaps 21a and 21b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


The pre-feasibility study for the production and marketing of honey dew melon for export in the Canton province Arenillas Gold, was monitored at the "Cooperative July 27" Cuca sector, in 10 acres of flat land, being a 100 meters water channel, which analyzed the melon production projected to three months of culture with three replicates per year for 5 years, with the implementation of cushioning system for better performance. Because the objectives were to determine the investment costs for the production and marketing of melons to foreign markets, and analyze project profitability of honey dew melon crop. By collecting all data on honey dew melon crop is stated:
Investment costs for growing melons in 10 hectares was USD 181 794.50, of which USD 110 000 was allocated to fixed assets, USD 33 894.50 production costs and USD 37 900 in operating expenses. For the analysis of project profitability Honey dew melon crop was used an index of net profit margin considering the value of net sales and getting that for every dollar sold in 2013: 13.89 utility became net, in 2014: 14.62 cents per dollar in 2015: 20.98 cents per dollar in 2016: 21.38 cents in 2017 reached 21.76 cents. Generating a return on investment of 17.76% in 2013, 18.98% in 2014, a 31.27% in 2015, 32.17% in 2016 and 33.03% in 2017, which generates be a profitable project allowing potential exploit encourage development in our country, with honey dew melon fruit well accepted for marketing and export.


Introduction: The unusual event of surgical instrument retention in the abdominal cavity usually occurs after laparotomy. Case presentation: A 45-year-old African woman from Cameroon with no previous abdominal surgery presented with a three-day history of colicky abdominal pain. Abdominal X-ray showed an opaque, linear object in the lower abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a Hegar uterine dilator that was lost during a dilatation and curettage performed seven years prior to the present admission. Conclusions: The trans-uterine route should be included as a rare and unusual source of surgical instruments retained in the abdomen. Introduction Surgical instruments retained intra-abdominally usually occur after abdominal surgery and are straightforward to diagnose in conjunction with a history of previous laparotomy. Establishing the diagnosis pre-operatively of an abdominally retained surgical instrument in the absence of previous abdominal surgery will certainly be more challenging. Documenting and reporting all cases of retained surgical instruments not originating from previous abdominal exploration will help build a database and will educate physicians on how to avoid this dangerous medical error. From a literature search (Pubmed and Medline with no limitations until 2009) using search terms: abortion, Hegar uterine dilator, retained intraabdominal surgical instruments, and bowel obstruction, no similar case reports were found. Hence, this case report documents the only known loss of a Hegar uterine dilator into the abdominal cavity during an abortion. Case presentation A 45-year-old African woman from Cameroon presented with complaints of increasing generalized and colicky abdominal pain of three days duration. At the time of consultation, our patient reported that her last bowel movement was approximately 28 hours prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed a distended and tender abdomen with increased bowel sounds. There was no history of previous abdominal surgery, nor any visible abdominal wall scar. Her last menses was 12 days prior to presentation. Pelvic and rectal examinations revealed no abnormal findings. Her white blood count was 10,100/ mm3 with 73% neutrophils. Abdominal X-ray revealed a linear, opaque object in the lower abdomen, dilated small bowel loops, and air-fluid levels (Figure 1). Upon further questioning, there was no history of an anally inserted or swallowed object. The source of the opaque structure could not be determined by her history; therefore, with a diagnosis of partial bowel obstruction secondary to an intra-abdominal foreign body of unknown origin, our patient was prepared and taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy. On abdominal exploration, a 10-gauge Hegar uterine dilator was dissected from multiple adhesions involving loops of small bowel (Figure 2 and 3). There was no bowel perforation. A scarred area was noted on the left posterior body of the uterus (Figure 4). The uterus was completely free of adhesions. On further questioning postoperatively, our patient revealed that she terminated a pregnancy seven years prior to presentation at an unspecified clinic. * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Banso Baptist Hospital, Box 9, Kumbo, NWP, Cameroon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Okorie; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Okorie Journal of Medical Case Reports 2010, 4:208 http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/4/1/208 Page 2 of 3 Discussion Surgical instruments left in the abdominal cavity are an uncommon but dangerous surgical error [1] usually occurring during abdominal surgery. The presence of foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity can lead to the formation of adhesions [2], which are the most common cause of small bowel obstruction [3,4]. This case is unique in that the source of the intra-abdominal foreign body could not be determined or even imagined until surgery, and likewise our patient could not have related an abortion performed seven years prior to her present problem. This case certainly calls for inclusion and early consideration of a trans-uterine source in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal foreign bodies including surgical instruments. As natural orifice trans-lumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) gains momentum, such cases may become more frequent. Conclusions The trans-uterine route should be included as a rare and unusual source of surgical instruments retained in the abdomen. This case can assist in the future development of a classification system for various routes of abdominally retained surgical instruments, as this case demonstrates a source other than previous laparotomy. Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions COO analyzed and interpreted the patient data, wrote and approved the manuscript. Figure 1 Abdominal X-ray showing a linear, opaque object in the


Internet of Things and wearable devices at Enterprise has a long way to go with unexplored and untapped areas. And its market is too big to ignore. Ubiquitous mobile, gadgets and internet usage have transported enterprise towards ocean of opportunities. A massive growth have been observed in the sale of wearable devices, smartphones and tablets. With capabilities beside quad core processor, decent memory and bigger screen size, smart devices are ideal for personal and professional use. Gadgets owned by the target user – employees, partners, distributors, contractors and customers – are smarter than the technology options provided by the enterprises, which is a huge challenge for the enterprises. Organizations are trying hard to come up with an efficient, secure, and usable catalyst across multiple platforms to meet the expectations and demands of the target users. In this paper, we will understand the enterprise ecosystem, IoT, wearable devices, their classifications, applications along with feasibility and possibility of IoT with wearable devices at enterprises.


Robert Adams is one of the most important photographers of the post–World War II West. His images of the developing metropolitan sprawl along the Front Range define suburbanization in Colorado during the late 1960s and 1970s. His concerned focus on the logged-over areas in the mountains and the bulldozed fields and ponds on the plains present the sacrifices made to the burgeoning consumer culture of tract homes, housing developments, and shopping malls surrounding Denver and Colorado Springs. Starting with the 1974 publication of The New West and the New Topographics exhibit in 1975, Adams has built an international reputation, augmented by his eloquent writings on the aesthetics of photography and the practice of picture taking. During his first decade as a photographer, 1965–1975, Adams took pictures in the suburbs at the same time as he amassed the images for his first two books, both of which were historically based studies of rural structures, landscapes, and ways of life. White Churches of the Plains and The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado are often presented as journeyman work influenced by Myron Wood, a prolific photographer of the American West who lived in Colorado Springs eric sandeen


Backgrounds: trofin-vital is the result of technology transfer obtained by the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of Holguin in which, under the guidance of the National Center Biopreparations materialize what has now become the first and only Technology Transfer held in our country for the production of anti-anemic and recognized natural tonic. Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to show the upward trajectory of the National Project for Trofin widespread in Cuba, reflecting the most relevant results Center for Immunology and Biological Products of Holguín. Methods: By analyzing historical process logic, data and trends. Results: the stability, feasibility and prospects for this transfer were demonstrated due to the requirements contained in ISO and regulatory requirements for Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practices issued by the Center on Regulation of Medicines to the granting of registration and licensing. Conclusions: Considering the requirements and regulations this transference allows wide perpectives, stability, feasibility.


Thousands of printed pages and a near-infinity of spoken words have been lavished on the question whether the language of McNaughten, Durham, or something else should supply the law's test of criminal responsibility. Yet the only empirical evidence available indicates that the words of the test are not very significant; jurors decide cases in much the same way under any of the standards.' Far more significant functionally are the evidence the jury is permitted to hear, the witnesses through whom evidence is presented, and the manner in which lawyers and experts approach their tasks. Most important, however, is whether the accused has a psychiatrist at all to aid him in making his defense. Nevertheless, for all the preoccupation with the wording of the insanity test, virtually nothing has been done systematically to


A critical component of the magnetically driven implosion experiments at Sandia National Laboratories is the delivery of high-current, 10s of MA, from the Z pulsed power facility to a target. In order to assess the performance of the experiment, it is necessary to measure the current delivered to the target. Recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments have included velocimetry diagnostics, such as PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimetry) or Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector, in the final power feed section in order to infer the load current as a function of time. However, due to the nonlinear volumetrically distributed magnetic force within a velocimetry flyer, a complete time-dependent load current unfold is typically a time-intensive process and the uncertainties in the unfold can be difficult to assess. In this paper, we discuss how a PDV diagnostic can be simplified to obtain a peak current by sufficiently increasing the thickness of the flyer. This effectively keeps the magnetic force localized to the flyer surface, resulting in fast and highly accurate measurements of the peak load current. In addition, we show the results of experimental peak load current measurements from the PDV diagnostic in recent MagLIF experiments.A critical component of the magnetically driven implosion experiments at Sandia National Laboratories is the delivery of high-current, 10s of MA, from the Z pulsed power facility to a target. In order to assess the performance of the experiment, it is necessary to measure the current delivered to the target. Recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments have included velocimetry diagnostics, such as PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimetry) or Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector, in the final power feed section in order to infer the load current as a function of time. However, due to the nonlinear volumetrically distributed magnetic force within a velocimetry flyer, a complete time-dependent load current unfold is typically a time-intensive process and the uncertainties in the unfold can be difficult to assess. In this paper, we discuss how a PDV diagnostic can be simplified to obtain a peak current by sufficiently increasing the thickness of the flyer. This effectively keeps the magn...


Statistical properties of the phase and group paths of signals reflected from the plane layered medium with anisotropic random inhomogeneities of dielectric permittivity are considered. Analytical expressions for the dispersions and spatial autocorrelation functions of these signal characteristics are obtained for the two models of regular ionospheric layers: linear and parabolic. The results are numerically analyzed for different conditions of ionospheric sounding.


Electrocatalysis is gaining impetus as a key technology in fuel cells and for the medium-term energy storage in the context of intermittent, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. Furthermore, electrocatalysis promises to convert rather inert molecules such as CO2 and N2 into reduced products such as CO and ammonia under relatively mild conditions (1, 2). Harnessing the full power of electrocatalysis is, however, hampered by a lack of understanding of the governing physical and chemical processes at the metal–electrolyte interface. In PNAS, Cheng et al. (3) bring key insight to the characterization of reaction intermediates during CO2 electroreduction via first-principles molecular dynamics modeling. This reaction is timely and has, over the last few years, served as the playground for advanced atomistic modeling of electrocatalysis (4⇓⇓⇓⇓–9).

The general lack of understanding is due to the inherent complexity of the electrified interface and its characterization. The characterization is difficult since most metal–liquid interfaces are amorphous. Therefore, no long-range ordering can be detected. Experimentally, the characterizations heavily rely on spectroscopy that provides average molecular orientations [infrared (IR) and Raman] or elemental composition and oxidation states (X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption near-edge, etc.) (10⇓–12). Atomically resolved structures can be obtained only for rare, crystalline interfaces such as pyridine on gold single-crystal surfaces via scanning tunneling microscopy imaging (13, 14). Theoretically, the simulations of electrochemical interfaces are challenging for two reasons. The first challenge originates from the structure and dynamics of the interface; that is, its size and the relevant timescales. Just like for experiments, the amorphous nature of the interface means that, when working with periodic boundary conditions to well describe the metallic nature of the electrode and the liquid nature of the electrolyte, large systems need …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: sautet{at}ucla.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


As a laboratory procedure the electrocardiogram (ECG) is unique, having been in continuous and ever increasing use since its introduction nearly 90 years ago by Willem Einthoven. Some would suggest that, conservatively speaking, a volume of approximately 100 million ECGs recorded annually at a cost approaching $5 billion attests to the importance of the procedure. Others would point to the capability and versatility of the ECG as far more important measures of its contribution to the care of patients with and without heart disease. Electrocardiography, the only practical method of recording the electrical behavior of the heart, has the potential to reflect anatomy, blood flow, served that if the nerve of the Galvani nerve-muscle preparation was laid across the beating heart, the muscle of the nerve-muscle preparation contracted in synchrony with the beating heart. In 1855, Kolliker and Muller also placed the


Rimless Ahn Gyeongyong discloses a device 13 and the fastener 1 that is used to determine the position of the assembly and making the hole 17 on the spectacle lens (3). Assembling hole is for receiving the U-shaped bracket used to secure the bridge and the side hinge (18). The apparatus (13) and the fastener (1) comprises a guide pin 15 and the guide hole (6) to interact. These guide holes / pins are clearly arranged. The guide hole is, as the hole center line is disposed to face the display 8 of the fixing opening (2), when the lens is placed in the fixing opening (2) of the fixture (1), preferably, the hole center line 7 of the lens a it will be disposed symmetrically with respect. Assembly hole (6) it is therefore arranged symmetrically with respect to the display (8). With such a system, without a professionally trained ability of the optometrist for producing a hole in the lens assembly, it is possible to manufacture a highly accurate rimless glasses.


The design of a secure authentication sc heme for Radio Fr equency I dentification (RFID) systems has been extensively studied in recent years in view of the awareness of individual privacy and the requirement of robust system security. However, based on security analyses conducted by other researchers and us, most of the proposed authentication schemes suffer a var iety of secur ity threats, privacy violation pr oblems and heavy computation workload at the server. In this study, we in troduce a m utual authentication scheme for resource-constrained RFI D tags. Security analysis ofpr oposed scheme and performance comparison with other schemes are done to show that our scheme can enhance data security, provide privacy protection and improve backend system performance for a generic RFID system with low-cost RFID tags.


We report on flexible organic complementary inverters using pentacene and C60 as active semiconductors fabricated on a plastic substrate. Individual transistors as well as inverters show good operational stability with negligible hysteresis. The threshold voltages are comparable for p-channel pentacene and n-channel C60 organic field-effect transistors, and noise margins larger than 80% of the maximum theoretical values were obtained at a supply voltage VDD as low as 3 V. A high dc gain of 180 was achieved at VDD=5 V. The inverters demonstrated good mechanical stability when tested after bending under both tensile and compressive stress.


1. I thank the editors for permitting me to reply to criticisms of my views (Blatt 1979-80 and 1980). Ulph (1981-82) shows, in his Figure 1, that a von Neumann individual may accept the gamble for small probability p of disaster and reject it for large p; yet this man has an unbounded utility of money. However, Ulph's man exhibits some highly peculiar preferences. Suppose the money gain M becomes very large. In his Figure 1 the point labeled V(Wo + M, 0) moves ever higher on the vertical axis, hence the critical probability p* (below which the gamble is accepted) moves ever closer to unity on the horizontal axis. Thus, by merely promising him enough money M upon success, Ulph's man can be induced to accept the gamble, no matter how poor his chances of escaping the gallows! While some criminals may be so utterly foolhardy, not all rational people act that way; this is all that is needed to refute the objection. 2. Let me make this argument more formal. Define a "greedy but cautious criminal," abbreviated GCC henceforth, by the three properties: (1) His utility of money u(M) is unbounded (Blatt, 1980); (2) There exists a maximum probability Pma Pmax, no matter how big the money sum M; (3) He accepts the gamble for small enough, but nonzero, p. THEOREM: The preference scale of a GCC is inconsistent with expected utility theory. PROOF: Expected utility is E(U) = (1 p) u(M) + pu(G). Let


Caulerpa racemosa (C. racemosa) is a seaweed containing folic acid, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and phenol as secondary metabolites that function as antioxidants. This study aims to formulate a hand moisturizing cream containing C. racemosa extract and evaluate the quality of the cream preparation. The manufacture of hand cream from C. racemosa extract was carried out in several stages, namely C. racemosa extraction, antioxidant testing, formulation of cream preparations, and evaluation. Evaluation of hand cream preparations of C. racemosa extract included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH measurement, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The yield of C. racemosa from the extract was 33%. The IC 50 of the C. racemosa extract was 159.8 ppm. The results of the organoleptic test of hand cream preparations showed physical characteristics in terms of pH, viscosity, homogeneity, dispersibility, and adhesion following the requirements of cosmetic preparations from the Directorate General of BPOM.


At the beginning of the 21st century, neural tissue remains arguably the most powerful substrate for information processing in existence. Unfortunately, the principles underlying brain function are still known only in rough outline. To unlock the many secrets of the brain, and to help explain the panopoly of neural functions ranging from simple motor reflexes to conscious thought and action, neuroscientists have amassed an extensive body of experimental data bearing on the properties of nerve cells (neurons) and their interconnections (synapses), which together form the building blocks of neural tissue. At the same time, the functional significance of the neurobiological data has been explored in computer modeling studies, which have often be used to test hypotheses inaccessible to direct experimental approaches. This article summarizes what is known about the intracellular physiology of individual nerve cells, and interprets these data in relation to the information processing functions of single neurons. For comprehensive treatments of many of these same issues, see (Stuart, Spruston, & Häusser, 1999; Koch, 1999). Given the morphological and functional diversity of neurons across the invertebrate and vertebrate phyla, the present article is focused on the principal neuron types of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), though much of what is discussed applies to neurons in general. This focus is justified by the fact that neurons of the vertebrate CNS have been among the most frequent objects of correlated physiological, behavioral, and modeling studies, and secondly, by the fact that these cells are those which most directly underlie the cognitive and behavioral phenomena with which this volume is concerned.


Interstitial silicide-modified nickel, with high selectivity in some hydrogenation reactions, had been produced by dissolving silicon atoms into the nickel lattices. The metallic nickel was obtained by reducing the as-prepared high surface area NiO, followed by modification of the bulk nickel through silification of silane/H2 at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The results show nickel silicide formation involves the following sequence as a function of increasing temperature: Ni (cubic) → Ni2Si (orthorhombic) → NiSi (orthorhombic) → NiSi2 (cubic). The insertion of Si atoms into the interstitial sites between Ni atoms resulted in a significant change in the unit cell lattice of nickel. All of the silicide-modified nickel materials were ferromagnetic at room ...


The objective of this study was to quantify subpopulations of CD34+ cells such as CD41+ and CD42+ cells that might represent megakaryocyte (MK) precursors in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections of normal, recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) primed donors and to determine whether there is a statistical association between the dose infused megakaryocytic precursors and the time course of the platelet recovery following an allogeneic PBSC transplantation. Twenty‐six patients with various hematologic malignancies transplanted from their HLA identical siblings between July 1997 and December 1999 were used. All patients except one with severe aplastic anemia who had cyclophosphamide (CY) alone received busulfan‐CY as preparative regimen and cyclosporine‐methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis. Normal healthy donors were given rhG‐CSF 10 μg/kg/day subcutaneously twice daily and PBSCs were collected on days 5 and 6. The median number of infused CD34+, CD41+ and CD42+ cells were 6.61 × 106/kg (range 1.47–21.41), 54.85 × 104/kg (5.38–204.19), and 49.86 × 104/kg (6.82–430.10), respectively. Median days of ANC 0.5 × 109/L and platelet 20 × 109/L were 11.5 (range 9–15) and 13 (8–33), respectively. In this study, the number of CD41+ and CD42+ cells infused much better correlated than the number of CD34+ cells infused with the time to platelet recovery of 20 × 109/L in 26 patients receiving an allogeneic match sibling PBSC transplantation (r = −0.727 and P < 0.001 for CD41+ cells, r = −0.806 and P < 0.001 for CD42+ cells, r = −0.336 and P > 0.05 for CD34+ cells). There was an inverse correlation between the number of infused CD41+ and CD42+ cells and duration of platelet engraftment. Therefore, as the number of CD41+ and CD42+ cells increased, duration of platelet engraftment (time to reach platelet count of ≥ 20 × 109/L) shortened significantly. Based on this data we may conclude that flow cytometric measurement of CD41+ and CD42+ progenitor cells may provide an accurate indication of platelet reconstitutive capacity of the allogeneic PBSC transplant. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:67–73, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Hydrogenated amorphous boron (a-B:H) films were deposited on Si crystal substrates using DC glow discharge in B2H6 diluted to 1000 ppm in H2. We found that the rate of the deposition was about two times higher for 10B-enriched B2H6 than for natural B2H6. The deposition process was observed by optical emission spectroscopy of the DC glow. BH emission lines at 433.2 nm and 369.4 nm were strongly enhanced in the 10B-enriched B2H6/H2 compared with the natural B2H6/H2. This manifests an isotopic effect on the deposition rate of the a-B:H film. Concentrations of 10B, 11B and 1H in the films were analyzed by SIMS. The hydrogen content of the films was found to be 3.9 × 1023 atoms/cm3 from the thermal hydrogen release measured by gas chromatography. The 10B-enriched film was applied to construct a novel silicon neutron detector. It showed a satisfactory sensitivity for neutron detection.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, the urgency of effective testing strategies had never been more apparent. The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly within medical imaging (e.g., chest X-rays), holds promise in smart healthcare systems. Deep Learning (DL), a subset of AI, has exhibited prowess in enhancing classification accuracy, a crucial aspect in expediting COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the journey to harness DL's potential is rife with challenges: notably, the intricate landscape of medical data privacy. Striking a balance between utilizing patient data for insights while upholding privacy is formidable. Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a solution by enabling collaborative model training across decentralized data sources, thus bypassing data centralization and preserving data privacy. This study presents a tailored, collaborative FL architecture for COVID-19 screening via chest X-ray images. Designed to facilitate cooperation among medical institutions, the framework ensures patient data remain localized, eliminating the need for direct data sharing. Addressing imbalanced and non-identically distributed data, the architecture is a robust solution. Implementation entails localized and fog-computing-based FL models. Localized models utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on institution-specific datasets, while the FL model, refined iteratively, takes precedence in the final classification. Intriguingly, the global FL model, fortified by fog computing, emerges as the frontrunner in classification after weight refinement, surpassing local models. Validation within the COLAB platform gauges the model's performance through metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Remarkably, the proposed model excels across these metrics, solidifying its efficacy. This research navigates the confluence of AI, FL, and medical imaging, unveiling insights that could reshape healthcare delivery. The study enriches scientific discourse by addressing data privacy in collaborative learning and carries potential implications for enhanced patient care.


Viscosity-enhanced spectroscopY (ViscY) offers a new way to analyze complex mixtures of time-varying composition. This communication reports the use of the viscous binary solvent DMSO-d6/water to induce NMR spin diffusion for in situ chemical reaction monitoring and real-time characterization of a 3-substituted 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative and its side-product.


Means (10) for conveying powder fluidized media a) a storage container (44) having an inner space for the medium to be conveyed; b) a filling device (12) having a closable connection (46) for the medium for filling the inner space of the receiving vessel (44) with the medium to be delivered; c) a conveyor (74, 78, 92) which sucks the medium from the interior (48) of the receiving vessel (44) via a (by a valve body 92) closable removal duct (74); in which d) the filling device (12) comprises a suction and separation device (14, 30) having a collection area (20) for the medium; e) an input of the suction and separation device (14) with the closable feed pipe (16) for the medium, f) the closable connection (46) is arranged between the collecting portion (20) and the interior (48); g) (with the valve body 92) closable inlet opening (78) of the extraction passage (74) to the interior (48) of the receiving vessel (44) and the ...


ABSTRACT Chlamydophila psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen, mainly of birds. It is the causative agent of psittacosis in birds and humans. Here we report the full-length de novo genome sequence of the avian isolate 6BC, the type strain of the species C. psittaci.


Thank you for reading sporting gentlemen mens tennis from the age of honor to the cult of the superstar. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this sporting gentlemen mens tennis from the age of honor to the cult of the superstar, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


Neonatal circumcision is a quick and generally safe procedure when performed by an experienced physician. Complications are few and usually minor. It has many potential benefits. It is also more economical and avoids the risk of general anesthesia to perform the procedure early in life, rather than later. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that an objective discussion, answering the questions of the parents, should precede any truly informed consent. The physician should document the discussion and resultant decision in the medical record.


Objective: Phase 3 studies are underway to compare induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) with CRT alone in advanced head and neck cancer. The purpose is to report the outcome of patients with advanced head and neck cancer treated at Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM) with IC followed by CRT.
Methods: From March 1998 to December 2007, 56 consecutive patients were treated for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with high-dose IC followed by CRT. Sixteen patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses or nasal cavity were excluded. Patients presented with either T4 (60%) or N3 (60%) disease. Outcomes were computed using Kaplan-Meier curves. The number of IC cycles were compared with logrank tests.
Results: The 2 year estimates of OS, DFS, LRC and DMFS rates were 58%, 46%, 78% and 75% respectively. At last follow-up, we observed 17 patients with relapse of which 10 were at a distant site. When stratified by the number of IC cycles, a DMFS rate of 87% was observed for 1-2 cycles vs 49% for 3 cycles, p=0.05.
Conclusions: Despite intensive treatment with platinum based IC and CRT, prognosis for this highly advanced population of T4 or N3 cancers is poor. The number of IC cycles seem to influence the rate of DM. Further trials are needed to answer the question regarding IC followed by CRT vs CRT alone. Targeted therapies might also yield more promising results.


33 July 2005 School Choice for Indiana: Many agree with the concept. Some disagree. And some simply want more information. As the public debate continues to grow louder about how best to provide a quality education to all Indiana children, it is critical to know the facts about school choice, and to have an understanding of how school choice programs have had an impact on communities, parents and students around the country. All of this analysis is done with one goal in mind: The best possible education for all of Indiana's children. Indiana's New and (Somewhat) Improved K-12 School Finance System


The fabrication and wear properties of electroless Ni-P/cenosphere composite coatings on steel are investigated.X-ray diffraction analyses show that Ni-P in the as-plated composite coatings is amorphous but changes to be crystalline after heat treatment.The microhardness of the composite coatings after heat treatment is significantly increased as compared with the as-plated coatings.Tribology test indicates that the composite coatings have good tribological performance.The wear-resistance of the composite coating is about 30% higher in volume than that of the pure Ni-P coating in dry condition.Anti-corrosion properties,measured by corrosion current,increase by 77% compared with the pure Ni-P coating.


Sunflower lines RHA-274, HA-61 and RHA-325 were studied for their resistance to race 330 of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii). The same inbred line, with normal (HA-89) or sterile cytoplasm (cmsHA-89) was used in all the crosses as susceptible parent, and, in each cross, only one genotype of the resistant parent was studied. The resistant-to-susceptible ratios obtained in the BC 1 and F 2 progenies from the crosses of the lines RHA-274 and HA-61 to cmsHA-89 and HA-89, respectively, suggested that, in each resistant line, two dominant genes are responsible for resistance to this downy mildew race. One of the genes (A) is epistatic to the other (B), and the recessive allele b in homozygosity is also epistatic to aa, with plants carrying aabb genotypes being resistant. Resistance to race 330 seemed to be controlled by two complementary genes in the sunflower inbred line RHA-325, the dominant allele of one of them being present in cmsHA-89. In the genotypes HA-89 or cmsHA-89, the existence of genes that modify the expected segregations following the crosses with resistant parents is proposed. It is concluded that, although major genes have been described as responsible for monogenic resistance to downy mildew, other types of regulation of this character, such as complementarity and epistatic relationships, do occur.


The rapid development of IT industry provides a great space for ST professionals, where the demands for the middle-level and Primary Talent is becoming more and more strong, in particular. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of NIIT in the five-year vocational colleges, and analyzes how to meet the requirements of the middle-level and Primary Talent in the IT industry. What's important, this paper thus put forward original ideas about how to improve the teaching methods and take better measures to promote a better development of software technology in the five-year vocational colleges.


We consider a transmission line model connected to a nonlinear component at one boundary and a linear resistor at the other boundary. We show that when the nonlinearity at the boundary is hysteretic, chaotic behavior occurs, which propagates along the transmission line creating a complex pattern which is an example of severe signal distortion. In a real circuit, such signals, could be transmitted into the primary circuitry and cause major disruption of the device.


The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how livecasting - the use of cinemas to display a variety of live and recorded entertainment such as opera, theatre and ballet - has emerged in the UK between the years 2003-2016. In research approach, it draws on the development of primary case studies and secondary analyses of existing industry reports and literature regarding livecasting.

This dissertation builds upon discussions surrounding livecasting through a media industries approach as defined by Timothy Havens and Amanda D. Lotz, and makes use of John T. Caldwell's cultural-industrial study to explore how livecasting is being shaped and discussed as an industry. It makes use of case studies - the Royal Opera House, National Theatre Live and the Event Cinema Association, as well as exhibitors Odeon, Showcase, Empire Cinemas and Cineworld- in order to understand how livecasting is being marketed.

Its findings show mediated live content within cinemas began over fifty years ago, and underlines the necessary development of digital technology to allow for the growth of livecasting as it is discussed in this dissertation. It charts how processes of standardisation have been employed as a means of reducing technological risks as well as legitimising a developing industry. It investigates the varied approach to the marketing of livecasting.

The value of this dissertation is the alternate view of the development of livecasting. It diverges away from an audience-centred approach on research into livecasting, and looks instead at how livecasting has developed as an industry. As such, this dissertation is relevant in its contribution to the wider understanding of livecasting, with a focus on the development of livecasting in the UK.


The levonorgestrel intrauterine device which delivers a progestin directly into the uterus is not only a highly effective contraceptive it is proving to offer several noncontraceptive benefits. Because it gradually releases levonorgestrel its developer calls it an intrauterine system (IUS) instead of IUD. Among the benefits are a substantial decrease in menstrual blood loss and pain. In addition the IUS protects against the growth of fibroids which are noncancerous growths of uterine muscle that can cause painful and heavy menstruation. Ectopic pregnancies are very rare among IUS users even rarer than among women using no contraception or those using a Copper T IUD. While data are conflicting and more research is needed the IUS may protect against pelvic inflammatory disease. It can also be used with estrogen replacement therapy during menopause to protect the endometrium. Moreover the IUS can be a good alternative to male or female sterilization for couples who wish to have no more children.


Objective To evaluate the function of Asprin on TNF-α during the apoptosis of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Dexamechesone (Dex). Methods After the success of culture of the mice macrophages, give them LPS, Dex to induced apoptosis. On the base of apoptosis, giving cells the Asprin respectively. Radioactivity immunity anylysis was used to examine the quantity contained by TNF-α. Giving Asprin, the expression of TNF-α decreased complying with the increasing of Asprin's concentration. Results In the apoptosis of macrophages induced by LPS and Dex, g. Conclusions Asprin can make the expression of TNF-α decreasin whether or not inflammation.


Background and Aim: Understanding and defining developmental norms of auditory comprehension is a necessity for detecting auditory-verbal comprehension impairments in children. We hereby investigated lexical auditory development of Persian (Farsi) speaking children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, auditory comprehension of four 2-5 year old normal children of adult's child-directed utterance at available nurseries was observed by researchers primarily to gain a great number of comprehendible words for the children of the same age. The words were classified into nouns, verbs and adjectives. Auditory-verbal comprehension task items were also considered in 2 sections of subordinates and superordinates auditory comprehension. Colored pictures were provided for each item. Thirty 2-5 year old normal children were randomly selected from nurseries all over Tehran. Children were tested by this task and subsequently, mean of their correct response were analyzed. Results: The findings revealed that there is a high positive correlation between auditory-verbal comprehension and age (r=0.804, p=0.001). Comparing children in 3 age groups of 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 year old, showed that subordinate and superordinate auditory comprehension of the former group is significantly lower (p 0.05), while the difference between subordinate and superordinate auditory comprehension was significant in all age groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Auditory-verbal comprehension develop much faster at lower than older ages and there is no prominent difference between word linguistic classes including nouns, verbs and adjectives. Slower development of superordinate auditory comprehension implies semantic hierarchical evolution of words.


ABSTRACT To worship in the suburbs, religious congregations often have to apply to local governments for zoning and building approval. Examining 40 proposals from religious groups in three Chicago suburbs between January 2010 and December 2014 shows that local governments approved the majority of requests. For the proposals that received more negative attention or "no" votes from government bodies, opposition was related to locations adjacent to residences, experiences with one local government, and requests from Muslim groups. These findings have implications for how suburbs address pluralism and new development as the application of zoning guidelines can make it more difficult for religious groups, particularly ones involving immigrants or racial/ethnic minorities, to find and establish a permanent presence in suburban communities.


We consider communication primitives that can be executed b y an application process to exchange messages with another application process over a TCP/IP network. A communication primitive is called alert iff it sa tisfies two conditions. First, if during any execution of the primitive no failure oc curs, then the execution completes successfully. Second, if during any executi on of the primitive some failure occurs, then the execution is aborted and the proces s that initiated the execution is informed of the failure. Clearly alert communicat on primitives are useful in designing reliable distributed applications. We argue t hat he send primitive over TCP is alert, but the receive primitive over TCP is not. Then, we propose three new receive primitives over TCP and show that each of them is aler t. We also discuss how to implement these three primitives and compare their pe rformance.


In addition to decreasing the incidence of myocardial infarction, recent epidemiological data suggest that regular alcohol consumption improves survival after myocardial infarction. We recently found that chronic ethanol exposure induces long-term protection against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury, which improves myocardial recovery after infarction. Furthermore, this cardioprotection by ethanol is mediated through myocyte adenosine A 1 receptors. We now determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in ethanol's protective effect against ischemia–reperfusion injury. Using perfused hearts of ethanol-fed guinea pigs, we find that improved contractile recovery and creatine kinase release after ischemia–reperfusion are abolished by PKC inhibition with chelerythrine. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence localization demonstrate that regular ethanol consumption causes sustained translocation (activation) of « PKC, but not d or a PKC. This same


In the article the author analyzes the most important for sociology and social philosophy category of "society" and traces the history of the formation of this concept. He also presents different views on its conceptualization and pays special attention to the interpretation of society offered by Emil Durkheim. The modern view on the defi nition of the concept of "society" and the determination of its characteristics is of particular interest to the author of the article. In this regard, the article highlights the concept of society, where its main feature is self-suffi ciency, that is, ability to create and recreate everything necessary for maintaining and reproducing human existence. This view has been and is shared by many sociologists and social philosophers. However, if we accept the self-suffi ciency of human association as the main feature of society, then even the earliest and primitive social organizations that existed at the dawn of human history, including the primitive human herd, will be considered societies. The logical sociology of Alexander Zinoviev offers a different view. The philosopher interprets society as a rather mature social organization, a product of the activities of the modern type human being. Society is characterized by the presence of such features as statehood, economics and ideology. And the social association intermediate between society and the animal state was determined as "cheloveynik" (at the stage of pre-society) by Alexander Zinoviev, thus distinguishing a complexly organized social system of the societies type from primitive and simple human associations. Alexander Zinoviev also believed that at the contemporary stage there appeared a new form of social organization of people that was more complex and highly organized than society – super-society. Super-society is characterized by its global nature, that is, the tendency to spread to the whole world; and planning, i.e., the ability to predict and control social processes for many decades to come.


The OMPS Limb Profiler (LP) was launched on board the NASA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite in October 2011. OMPS-LP is a limb-scattering hyperspectral sensor that provides ozone profiling capability at 1.8 km vertical resolution from cloud top to 60 km altitude. The use of three parallel slits allows global coverage in approximately four days. We have recently completed a full reprocessing of all LP data products, designated as Release 2, that improves the accuracy and quality of these products. Level 1 gridded radiance (L1G) changes include intra-orbit and seasonal correction of variations in wavelength registration, revised static and intra-orbit tangent height adjustments, and simplified pixel selection from multiple images. Ozone profile retrieval changes include removal of the explicit aerosol correction, exclusion of channels contaminated by stratospheric OH emission, a revised instrument noise characterization, improved synthetic solar spectrum, improved pressure and temperature ancillary data, and a revised ozone climatology. Release 2 data products also include aerosol extinction coefficient profiles derived with the prelaunch retrieval algorithm. Our evaluation of OMPS LP Release 2 data quality is good. Zonal average ozone profile comparisons with Aura MLS data typically show good agreement, within 5-10% over the altitude range 20-50 km between 60°S and 60°N. The aerosol profiles agree well with concurrent satellite measurements such as CALIPSO and OSIRIS, and clearly detect exceptional events such as volcanic eruptions and the Chelyabinsk bolide in February 2013.


Objectives To assess low birth weight's (LBW) mediation role on the factors associated with newborn mortality (NM), including stillbirth and the role of institutional delivery in the association between LBW and NM. Design and participants I used the 2011–2015 event histories health demographic data collected by Iganga-Mayuge Health Demographic and Surveillance Site (HDSS). The dataset consisted of 10 758 registered women whose birth occurred at least 22 weeks of the gestation period and records of newborns' living status 28 days after delivery. Setting The Iganga-Mayuge HDSS is in Eastern Uganda, which routinely collects health and demographic data from a registered population of at least 100 000 people. Outcome measure The study's key outcomes or endogenous factors were perinatal mortality (PM), late NM and LBW (mediating factor). Results The factors that were directly associated with PM were LBW (OR=2.55, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.67)), maternal age of 30+ years (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.33), rural residence (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.85), mothers with previous experience of NM (OR=3.95, 95% CI 2.86 to 5.46) and mothers with no education level (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.18). Multiple births and mother's prior experience of NM were positively associated with NM at a later age. Institutional delivery had a modest inverse role in the association of LBW with PM. LBW mediated the association of PM with residence status, mothers' previous NM experience, multiple births, adolescent mothers and mothers' marital status. Of the total effect attributable to each of these factors, LBW mediated +25%, +22%, +100%, 25% and −38% of rural resident mothers, mothers with previous experience of newborn or pregnancy loss, multiple births, adolescent mothers and mothers with partners, respectively. Conclusion LBW mediated multiple factors in the NM pathways, and the effect of institutional delivery in reducing mortality among LBW newborns was insignificant. The findings demonstrate the need for a holistic life course approach that gears the health systems to tackle NM.


This paper examines a decentralized and self-organizing approach inspired by ant behavior for building an information system in which metadata related to Grid resources is disseminated and logically organized. Each agent/ant, by analyzing its own past activity, copies and moves resource metadata among Grid hosts and contributes to collect resources belonging to the same class in a restricted region of the Grid, so decreasing the system entropy. A semi-informed resource discovery protocol exploits the ants' work: asynchronous query messages issued by clients are driven towards "representative peers" which maintain information about a large number of resources having the required characteristics. Agents control their activities, and query messages travel the network, according to self-organizing mechanisms based, respectively, on sematectonic and marker-based stigmergy, with no information about the global system state. Simulation analysis suggests that the combined use of the proposed resource mapping protocol (ARMAP) and resource discovery protocol (ARDIP) is profitable: as resources are progressively reorganized by the ARMAP process, users are able to find more and more results in a smaller amount of time.


GNSS hardware biases appear in code and phase observations, and originates both from the receiver and satellite hardware. These biases influence the accuracy in precise GNSS positioning if not hand ...


Curriculum,the main body of improving students'competence,should be reformed because many of college graduates cannot be competent for their jobs.The curriculum reform should be performed dynamically and rapidly with a global perspective and scientific process to satisfy the demands of human resources markets.


Objective To investigate the relationship between renal artery stenosis(RAS) and single renal function in patients with atherosclotic RAS. Methods Forty-nine patients were recruited from cardiovascular center or nephrology clinics in Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2004 to 2010,and RAS(50%) was confirmed by renal angiography.We detected the single kidney glomerular filtration rate(SKGFR) using 99mTechnetium dimethyl triamine pentaacetic acid(99mTc-DTPA) scintigraphy. Results Of the 49 patients,21 were found with unilateral RAS and 23 with bilateral RAS.Besides,5 cases had unilateral renal atrophy and 8 cases had complete renal artery occlusion.We found SKGFR was not significantly different between bilateral kidneys in patients with unilateral RAS and no renal atrophy([25.90±9.20]mL/min vs[25.71±11.32]mL/min,P=0.492).However,in patients with unilateral RAS and renal atrophy,the SKGFR was significantly different between the bilateral kidneys([7.47±2.4]mL/min vs[31.14±16.4]mL/min,P=0.008).In patients with unilateral renal artery occlusion,the SKGFR was significantly different between the bilateral kidneys([4.96±1.10]mL/min vs[40.27±17.60]mL/min,P=0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age(OR=1.75,95%CI 1.62-2.87,P=0.028) and diabetes mellitus(OR=3.71,95%CI 1.09-12.56,P=0.035) were significantly correlated with the decrease of SKGFR,but not RAS,sex,smoking,hypertension,and coronary artery disease. Conclusion Functions in paired kidneys with and without RAS are similar,but occlusion and RAS with atrophy are associated the significant reduction in kidney function compared to the contralateral kidney.


Knowledge about the linear patterns of the skin is a key competence of dermatologists. Four major groups of linear patterns can be distinguished: Langer lines, dermatomes, Blaschko lines and exogenous patterns. Langer lines run in the direction of the underlying collagen fibers (least skin tension) and play an important diagnostic role for some exanthematous skin diseases. In the thoracodorsal region, the distribution of the Langer lines gives rise to what is referred to as a 'Christmas tree pattern'. A dermatome is an area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve. Disorders with a neuronal origin follow this pattern of distribution. The lines of Blaschko delineate the lines of migration of epidermal cells during embryogenesis. Exogenous linear patterns are caused by external factors.


The present study was aimed to examine working women's attitude towards menopause and menopausal symptoms. It was hypothesized that: a) Post-menopausal women are likely to show more positive attitude towards menopause as compared to peri-menopausal women; b) there is likely to be a negative relationship between attitude towards menopause and menopausal symptoms. Eighty women with equal number of nurses and teachers were recruited from public sector colleges and hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The sample ranged in ages between 45 - 60 years (Teachers M = 50.92, SD = 3.87; Nurses M = 49.55, SD = 3.93). Attitudes toward Menopause Scale (Shahwar and Khalid, 2003) and Greene Climacteric Survey (Greene, 1998) were used for assessment. Results revealed that nurses and post-menopausal women showed positive attitude towards menopause as compared to teachers and peri-menopausal women, respectively. Peri-menopausal women showed more severity of menopausal symptoms as compared to post-menopausal women. Positive attitude towards menopause negatively predicted menopausal symptoms. Findings highlighted the importance of psychological help for working women and that attention should be paid to change working women's attitude towards menopause, particularly, teachers in order to reduce symptoms in them.


United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California. Chief Scientists: Jim Gardner, Doug Masson. Geophysical data (Sonatracktransducer, 3dot5khz, 12khz) of field activity 90012 (F-6-90-SC) in Southern California, Monterey Canyon from 06/19/1990 to 07/12/1990, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f690sc/html/f-6-90-sc.meta.html.


Po/So phases generated by a deep-focus earthquake (focal depth: 360 km) were observed at epicentral distances between 11° and 14° in the northwestern Pacific by an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) array. The apparent velocity of Po was about 8.3 km/s, which is higher than is observed for shallow-focus earthquakes. The high-frequency, long-duration features of Po/So wave trains appear to be related to observed high Q's in the deep dipping seismic zone. Lateral propagation of Po/So associated with a deep-focus earthquake seems to begin when the P wave travels up the subducting slab and reaches the upper lithosphere beneath the trench axis. Also, a waveguide phenomenon occurs in the dipping subduction slab itself. Wave trains generated near the source should be taken into consideration in the theory of Po/So generation.


The form of access-to-space for NASA space missions is often dictated before they are designed. Typically, solicitations specify the form - i.e., the launch vehicle to be used. The investigator then tries to design a mission within the given form and cost limits. This study adopts a more pragmatic point of view: that the form of access should follow from the function of the mission. Given the function, the form of space access is then optimized. The functions of a broad range of space technology experiments and current forms of space technology experiments and current forms of space access were analyzed. Results show that there might be a more effective approach to access-to-space.


Today, vehicles are becoming powerful sensor platforms capable of collecting, storing, and sharing large amounts of sensory data by constant monitoring of urban streets. It is quite challenging to upload such data from all vehicles to the infrastructure due to limited bandwidth resources and high cost. This invokes the need to identify the appropriate vehicles, important for different urban sensing tasks based on their natural mobility. This paper address this problem of leveraging the self-decision making ability of a "smart vehicle" to measure its relative importance in the network. To do so, we present InfoRank as an information-centric algorithm for a vehicle to first autonomously rank different location-aware information. It then uses the information importance along its mobility pattern to find its importance in the network. We also present a selection algorithm to find the best ranked vehicles for urban sensing and vicinity monitoring to achieve a desired coverage within a limited budget. Our vehicle ranking system is the first step toward identifying the best information hubs to be used in the network for the efficient collection, storage, and distribution of urban sensory information. We evaluate InfoRank under a scalable simulation environment using realistic vehicular mobility traces. Results show that the proposed ranking system efficiently identified socially important vehicles in comparison to other ranking schemes.


In this paper we present the design and optimization approach for the development of S-band microstrip antenna array system with integrated diplexer. The optimization technique using a commercial MoM based solution is discussed in details. The design technique for the microstrip diplexer is also discussed. Measured results display exemplary accuracy with simulated results thereby justifying the use of such techniques for synthesis of antenna arrays.


Rock properties of unconventional gas shales such as porosity, pore shape distribution, and lithology are important for the interpretation of seismic data amplitude variations. The study presented here estimated these rock properties at the seismic scale by applying rock-physics modelling, grid searching, and prestack seismic inversion, using the Haynesville Shale as a case study. This seismic reservoir characterization procedure accounted for the complex composition, pore shape distribution, and anisotropy. All the above rock properties affected the seismic velocities, and the combined effects of these rock properties on the seismic amplitude were investigated simultaneously. The P-impedance depended primarily on porosity, whereas the Vp/Vs correlated with the pore shape distribution and lithology, particularly the clay content. The estimated rock properties at the seismic scale were validated further through the comparisons between the elastic properties derived from the estimated rock properties and the ones inverted from the prestack seismic data.


The thermal response of a ceramic body during firing will be controlled by its thermophysical characteristics. Laser flash measurements have been used to investigate the thermal conductivity of pressed powder compacts of pure tin oxide as a function of temperature. After an initial decrease up to 150°C attributed to removal of surface species, the thermal conductivity increases progressively with thermal treatment up to 1000°C. Because there is almost no variation in the pore volume fraction, the behavior is explained by grain boundary formation and neck growth, which increase the contact area between particles. Supporting evidence is given by an increase in mechanical strength. Finally, thermal treatment above 1000°C increases the thermal conductivity due to a reduction in the number of grain boundaries per unit length of heat path.


: The issue of unemployment is among the most important and urgent challenges facing the Libyan state, especially as it coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic, The MENA region faces both the highest overall unemployment levels and the widest gender gap worldwide. Hence, the current study aims to analyze the unemployment rate developed during the Corona pandemic among females in Libya, through data obtained from secondary data Comparison among the years (2011-2020). The results show that the unemployment rates in the workforce in Libya for women are higher than those for men and that in the year 2020 in which Covid-19 spread, the unemployment rate for men increased, also same for women. in addition, the Unemployment rate for females in Libya has gradually decreased, from 2016, but in 2020 when Covid-19 swept the country, which increased the Unemployment rate for females in Libya, as the rate in 2019 was equal to 24.57, while it suddenly increased in 2020 to 24.66.


Working (situation) map is one of the most important, and often the only military document necessary during preparations for combat actions, while taking them and after finishing them. The most important and the most reliable data for mapmaking and updating a working map are derived as a result of action of different systems for surveillance and reconnaissance. It is intended for situation estimation, decision-making, creating plans, monitoring of combat actions, reporting, communicating and information. The working map, as a graphic military document, is designed on a topographic or digital base, or on any other geo-space display form. On a working map, a real or modeled combat situation is presented by graphic symbols, abbreviations and some textual comments, for the purpose of commanding during preparation and deploying combat actions.


How safe are avalanche safety nets? Towards a multidimensional categorisation of the changes made by professional translators in translation revision tasks


To operate in complex and real problems of determining the amount of local taxes, specialized inspectors from local administration sservices, but also the taxpayers, must have regard to a number of issues and general rules apply across the spectrum, in general, of local taxes. Based legal matter in this issue of principle is found in the Romanian Fiscal Code, Title IX and points from the Methodological Norms of the Fiscal Code, refering of Title IX. Trying a systematization of issues of local taxes through the Fiscal Code provisions, Title IX and its implementing Norms, we concluded that the issues and generally applicable rules for local taxes are found, scattered, over different articles of Title IX and during various points of the Methodological Norms of application of the Fiscal Code provisions relating to Title IX. In the analysis we did, we concluded that the issues and general rules applicable for local taxes are grouped into three categories namely: a first group, comprising mainly with issues and rules theory, including here a series of definitions, principles underlying the establishment of local taxes and special to their calculation, as they result from the comparative analysis of art.247 Fiscal Code Section 1-10, 14 and 15 of the Norms of Fiscal Code, the provisions of Title IX. A second category of issues and generally pplicable rules applicable for local taxes is considering issues related primarily to the role of - specificly local - in the domain of local taxes, and in the third category of issues and rules generally valid applicable are the local taxes relate to budgetary nature. Throughouth this article, we detail aspects of the first category, the related issues and general rules applicable for local taxes, mainly theoretical, and for this category, we will insist on clarifying the definitions given in Article 247 Fiscal Code and the contents of paragraphs 1-10, 14 and 15 of the Methodological Norms of the Fiscal Code provisions relating to Title IX.


Hepatic fibrosis is an important early stage in the evolution of liver cirrhosis, and specific medicine and therapeutic measures are unavailable to date. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main cells involved in the formation of hepatic fibrosis, and induction of the apoptosis of HSCs is an important strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a natural product and is the main active ingredient in garlic. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying HSC apoptosis induced by DATS are not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency and mechanism of DATS in hepatic fibrosis. Different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μM) of DATS were used to treat HSCs. Changes in cell morphology and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed under an inverted microscope and an electric microscope. Bcl‐2 signaling involving Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐6, Caspase‐8, Caspase‐9, p53, Apaf‐1, and Cyto‐c in fibrosis were examined, which is a critical step in the evaluation of antihepatic fibrosis agents. We also evaluated the effect of DATS on the cellular morphology of HSCs and apoptosis‐related factors under different Bcl‐2 expression states. Our results suggest that DATS regulates hepatic fibrosis by blocking the Bcl‐2 signaling pathway and upregulating the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio.


Vegetable production is an important activity, source of food and income for farmers. Vegetables are grown in many regions in Lao PDR. There is a large range of agro-climatic conditions between the two seasons - wet and dry. The dry season is suitable and favourable for vegetable production. However, the wet season has high temperature, high relative humidity, high soil moisture content and heavy rain. These conditions cause several negative impacts for vegetable production such as, low vegetable productivity and poor quality. Higher application of pesticides can also lead to food safety issues and high input cost of cultivation. These challenges could impact to inadequate domestic supply of vegetables in rainy season, low economic returns from vegetable production, and increased imports of vegetable from other countries. NAFRI and ACIAR have cooperated to research and develop a design of greenhouse structure that is economical and provides suitable growing conditions in the wet season to help farmers to mitigate the multiple constraints and successfully grow vegetables year-round. The new design was constructed and tested with several types of vegetable crops including coriander, lettuce, spring onion and tomato during 2015–2018. Evaluation was made against ambient conditions, crop needs and also a comparison with several other protected cropping designs was conducted. The new design provides improved, cooler and more suitable growing conditions for a range of crops, increasing productivity and quality of vegetable in the wet season.


EXHAUSTIVE research in the library of the Royal Society of Medicine shows how little has been recorded on the subject of acute manifestations of gout in the throat and larynx. It is this fact which has prompted the publication of this case, and a review of the literature to date. Numerous writers have described the clinical and post-mortem findings of injected and thickened mucosa, tophi and uric acid deposits in this region in cases of gouty subjects, but with this we are not concerned It is probably true to state that in laryngological practice, when acute symptoms of the throat occur with threatened respiratory obstruction, gout as a causative factor never enters into the picture as a differential diagnosis. The possibility of such an aetiology should, however, be kept in mind in any such case where signs and symptoms—nature of onset and response to treatment—present unusual features. The clinicians of the last century were alive to such possibilities. Sir Felix Semon (1908) states: "The so-called lithamic diathesis is a much more frequent cause of throat disease than is generally believed. Acute gouty pharyngitis, tonsillitis or laryngitis may result from exposure to cold or may occur without any obvious cause in predisposed persons. The affection may run the usual course of acute inflammation of these regions or may yield abruptly to an ordinary attack of acute gout. The chief distinguishing subjective symptom is that pain or spasm is out of all proportion to the degree of inflammation." Sir Morell Mackenzie's (1889) opening remarks in his address to the British Laryngological Association on "Gout in the Throat" are apposite and worth quoting at length: "The term gout has no doubt served a very useful purpose to the medical practitioner. There scarcely exists an affection which has proved at all intractable in the hands of a physician which has not been attributed to gout. It is considered a satisfactory explanation and an ample justification of any shortcomings as regards the cure of a patient, if the malady can be attributed to gout; sometimes it is called 'suppressed gout', sometimes 'hereditary gout', sometimes it is only a 'gouty tendency', whilst occasionally it is simply 'gout'. In fact, as I have said elsewhere, gout is the last resource of destitute diagnosticians. Still, after making all allowances, it cannot be denied that gout does explain some obscure phenomena, and though the severer forms of this disease are by no means common in the present day, yet one meets with frequent evidence of it in a milder form. I do not consider that it is by any means


This article reports the success of oral contraceptive intervention in the prevention of hemoperitoneum among women with type III von Willebrand factor (vWF) deficiency. Discussion includes a case of a 29-year-old married female with one child who had a known severe von Willebrand disease and presented with blood in the pouch of Douglas as observed by ultrasonography and CT scan examination. She was managed with 30 g of ethinyl estradiol (Ovral-30) which was maintained for 2 years. The addition of tranexamic acid at 2 g/day starting the day before her expected date of menstruation and thereafter for 5 days minimized menstrual blood loss. Though the severity of vWF disease has not changed in the same patient hemoperitoneum occurs only on certain ovulations which may be explained by occasional higher levels of FSH/LH surge and greater vascularity of the Graafian follicle because of its larger size. If pregnancy is desired it remains to be seen whether only tranexamic acid is capable of stopping the midcycle Graafian follicle bleed.


Sr(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, NH2CONH2, Eu2O3 and Dy2O3 are used as the raw materials for the preparation of SrAl2O4 (RE: Eu, Dy) precursor by the combustion synthesis technique (CST), which is widely known to prepare nano sized phosphors. The influence of varied concentration of Dy on crystal structure and optical properties is analyzed by means of Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra. The fine flake-like phosphors with reasonable good brightness and long afterglow are obtained by treating the samples at different temperatures. XRD patterns reveal a dominant phase characteristics of the monoclinic SrAl2O4 compound and the presence of dopants having uncognizable effect on the basic crystal structure of SrAl2O4. From XRD studies, the average particle size of the flake-like SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphors is calculated to be nearly 12 nm. The optical properties in terms of TL glow curves are studied and discussed systematically. The results indicate that the peak positions in the spectra are not much affected by varying concentration of Dy. The different parameters like activation energy, frequency factor and shape factor are calculated using TL glow curves.


With the rapid development of political science, economics, science and technology, a large number of new words have been created in English. These new words have to be translated quickly because of the acceleration of globalization. However, in the course of translation, there exists translatability and intranslatability. Many neologisms can't get their equivalents in the target language. How to translate the neologisms properly and understandingly? One of the effective ways is to apply the relative zero translation.


Abstract Polymyxins are ''old'' antimicrobials which were abandoned for almost 30 years because of significant renal and neurological toxicity. However, the alarming rise of multi-resistant Gramnegative bacterial infections worldwide has revived interest in these ''forgotten'' agents. Colistin (polymyxin E) is one of the main antibiotics of this class. It is most often administered as the pro-drug colistimethate sodium. Doses for treatment of systemic infections in adults range between 3 and 9 million IU per day. Colistin is increasingly used for treatment of pneumonia and bacteremia in critically ill patients. During their ICU stay, many of these subjects will need continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) because of acute kidney injury or an unstable hemodynamic condition. Based on recent pharmacological data and own experience, we postulate that patients undergoing CRRT may receive substantially higher doses of colistin (i.e., a high loading dose, followed by a maintenance dose up to 4.5 million IU tid). Treatment can be continued for a prolonged time period without increasing toxicity. CRRT counteracts colistin accumulation because the drug is continuously filtered and also significantly adsorbed in the bulk of the dialysis membrane. Implementing such ''CRRT rescue'' therapy does require the strict use of highly adsorptive dialysis membranes in association with citrate anticoagulation to increase membrane performance.


The present invention relates to a method of preparing ajoene, about relatively high purity ajoene obtainable by the present method. The present invention provides a method for preparing allicin, also relates to a method for freeze concentration of allicin. .BACKGROUND


To simulate the response of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in the eastern Sahara to climate changes during the last 25,000 years, and modern pumping, a regional 3D groundwater flow model was developed and calibrated under steady state and transient conditions. Telescoping meshes were developed in this regional model to include the local details of development areas. The data for this model are held in a GIS database to allow for its implementation in different modeling systems. The simulations using finite element numerical modeling confirm that groundwater in this aquifer is likely to have originated from infiltration during the wet periods of approximately 20-25 ka BP and 5-10 ka BP. Modern recharge of groundwater due to regional groundwater flow from more humid areas to the south is highly unlikely. The model also indicates that the Nubian Aquifer System is a fossil aquifer system, which has been in an unsteady state condition since the end of the last wet period, approximately 5000 years ago. The telescoping modeling approach offers a good solution for the insufficient boundary conditions in the development areas. The simulation results of the large scale model, with telescoping meshes to account for current abstraction, demonstrates that the groundwater reserves of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in Egypt and Libya are being mined. By expanding the presently established well fields to their full capacity by year 2020, the water-levels will continuously decline and may fall below economic levels of abstraction.


In this article, we study the capability of the standard control chart for individual observations with fixed control limits to identify special causes reflected as isolated extreme points in the presence of autocorrelation. We consider both the application of standard Shewhart limits and moving-range limits and derive the risks of false positive and false negative when the control chart observations follow a general ARMA(p,q) process.


A new class of generalized multi-valued mixed variational inclusion in Banach spaces is introduced and studied: Find u∈ E,t∈ J(u),w∈ T(u),x∈ F(u),y∈ V(u),z∈ G(u),v∈ P(u) such that θ ∈ g(t)+ N(w,x,y)+ A(z,v),J,T,F,V,G,P are multi-valued mappings.Relying on the resolvent operator method and using Nadler′ s theorem,the existence theorem of solutions and auxiliary sequential,some algorithms of the problem are established,and the globally and strongly convergence of the iterative solutions are also proved.


Passive mechanical properties of the musculo-articular complex are classically studied using passive torque-angle curves. However, the mechanical properties of each structure of this musculo-articular complex (e.g., muscle, tendon) cannot be dissociated from this relationship. We recently showed that supersonic shear imaging is able to accurately quantify muscle shear elastic modulus of one muscle (Gastrocnemius medialis GM) during passive stretching. This study aimed to determine the slack length of achilles tendon (AT) during passive stretching and to compare it with the slack length of the GM. Relationships between shear elastic modulus and ankle joint angle were characterized for each structure (i.e., GM and AT) at both knee angles (i.e., 0° and 90° of knee flexion). With the knee fully extended, the slack length of AT occurred significantly earlier than that for the GM (42.6 ± 2.6° vs. 23.5 ± 5.4° of plantarflexion; p<0.001). For 90° of knee flexion, the slack length of AT occurred also earlier (43.4 ± 2.4° vs. 14.6 ± 8.5° of plantar flexion; p<0.001). This significant earlier rise in passive tension observed in AT is particularly unexpected. That suggests the potential involvement of monoarticular structures (e.g., soleus, fascia or pulley) prematurely under tension, generating an increase in passive tension within the AT. Further studies are required to better explain this result.


Some of the processes used on the water treatment are sometimes usefully adopted for the removal of the radioactivity from low-level contaminated wastes. The radionuclides are removed from the liquid phase and transferred in the sludges, which are formed by the processes themselves. The methods actually used for the contaminated sludges' disposal are mentioned. The migration of the radionuclides from the sludges to the external environment is the basic danger connected with the disposal of such sludges; a particular method to avoid this danger consists in making the sludges themselves insoluble. Research was undertaken in order to find the most appropriate technique to avoid the solubility of the sludges by inglobing them in concrete cement blocks. The experiments were carried in two successive runs, the first testing sludges with 97.5% of humidity, the second with sludges of 85% of humidity. As binder, the 550 slag cement was used limestone being the inert material. This study concerns the concrete's characteristics and the loss of the accumulated radioactivity. The presence of sludges, independent of their degree of humidity, did not appear to have altered the general characteristics of the concrete. The most favorable composition was found to consist of small inert particles.more » The loss of radioactivity, during the first cycle, was found to be approximatively 0.1%, while during the second cycle the radioactivity was found to be 0.2% of the original activity initially measured in the concrete. The loss of radioactivity rapidly diminished during the successive immersions. The above seems to indicate that leaching is pertinent only of the upper layer of the specimen. Other experiments shall be conducted with other nuclides and other types of concrete, consisting of pozzuolana, and with siliceous inerts. (auth) H03 H0231793 Separate abstracts were prepared for sections on reactor physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, radiation, hot laboratories, metallurgy, and engineering. (D.C.W.)« less


This article presents focuses, conceptions, hypotheses and methodologies that build up the bibliography of paramilitarism in Colombia, also briefing a series of new study perspectives of the phenomenon such as discourse analysis, complexity centered focus, organizational analysis, and theoretical perspectives. Finally, some gaps in the literature are highlighted.


Research on the perception of assertive behavior has suggested that although assertion may result in compliance with one's requests, assertion alone may be negatively evaluated. Recent research has suggested that an opportunity to observe models in commendatory situations may mitigate the negative impact of assertion. This study evaluated whether an opportunity to observe models in conversational situations could also mitigate the negative impact of assertion. Findings suggested that the addition of conversational comments to an individual's repertoire of social skills mitigated the negative perceptions of assertion alone. When compared with commendatory comments, conversational comments resulted in similar evaluations for females and more favorable evaluations for males. Also, the findings of the present study suggest a cumulative impact of exposure to assertion, implying possible artifactual results in some previous perception of assertiveness research.


Six calcium ammonium and calcium potassium pyrophosphates were tested in the greenhouse as sources of P and N or K for two successive crops of corn forage on limed and unlimed Hartsells fine sandy loam. The fertilizers were applied as powders and as pellet-granules; the residues of the granules were examined petrographically after harvest of the second crop. The granules were much less effective than the powders as sources of P and N for the first crop, but only slightly less effective as sources of K. The powders were nearly as effective as superphosphate as sources of P and one of the ammonium compounds was nearly as effective as (NH₄)₂SO₄ as a source of N, but none of the K compounds was as effective as K₂SO₄ as a source of K. The chemical alterations of the pyrophosphates in the soil were much like those of the same compounds in water, and all the observed alteration products were pyrophosphates. Some of the pyrophosphates show promise as long-term, slow-release sources of P and N or K.


The study of mineral information reorganization method was carried out by means of the airborne visible light and near infrared and short-wave infrared imaging spectrometry (HyMap) data from Hami area of Xinjiang. By analyzing spectral features of three kinds of familiar altered minerals (calcite, chlorite and muscovite) and using the calibration of the remote sensing data and spectral reflectance retrieval, the authors employed spectral angle mapper (SAM) to extract mineral information from the three kinds of altered minerals. With the mask technique, the mineral distribution maps of calcite, chlorite and muscovite were compiled. In combination with the spectra of spectral libraries, the authors also effectively carried out the verification.


We study Killing vector elds in asymptotically at space{times. We prove the following result, implicitly assumed in the uniqueness theory of stationary black holes. If the conditions of the rigidity part of the positive energy theorem are met, then in such space{times there are no asymptotically null Killing vector elds except if the initial data set can be embedded in Minkowski space{time. We also give a proof of the non{ existence of non{singular (in an appropriate sense) asymptotically at space{times which satisfy an energy condition and which have a null ADM four{momentum, under conditions weaker than previously considered.


Background: Aspirated foreign bodies in the airway continue to present challenges to the otorhinolaryngologist and interventional pulmonologists. To established the role of HRCT in diagnosis of foreign bodies in suspected cases.
Methods-30 patients with suspected FB inhalation on the basis of clinical history and symptoms like respiratory distress, stridor, and history of chocking were recruited for study in department of Otorhinolaryngology in Sardar Patel Medical College and Hospital, Bikaner Rajasthan.
Results: 29 patients (96.67%) with foreign bodies were identified on chest CT. For the patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies, the occurrence of unilateral hyperlucent lung and post-obstructive lobar or segmental infiltrates on plain chest X-ray was 43.33%. 17 patients (56.67%) had no abnormalities on plain X-ray. The difference between multidetector CT and plain X-ray results was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Foreign bodies are missed byclinical and X-ray examination in many cases and that is only picked up by HRCT. Thus it is the ideal modality in diagnosis of foreign bodies to avoid the morbidity and mortality associated with missing foreign body.
Keywords: foreign bodies, high resolution computed tomography, X-ray


Objective To study the effect of dexamethasone on KGF expression in lungs of neonatal rats after hyperoxic exposure. Methods A randomized controlled study was designed in 48 Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats of 3 days old and divided into hyperoxia group, hyperoxia + dexamethasone and control groups for 7days. Histologic examination of the lung tissues were studied and radical alveoli count (RAC) were determined after HE staining. KGF expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results (1)The lungs of the rats in the hyperoxia group showed thinner walls of alveoli, simple alveolar structure, fewer and larger alveoli, expanded and shrinked alveoli. While those rats in the dexamethasone group showed more severe changes and some destroyed septa and walls of alveoli which lead to structure turbulence of the pulmonary tissue. The RAC in the hyperoxia and dexamethasone group was siginificanly lower than that in the control group (9.50±1.05, 10.03±3.26 vs 13.00±1.79, P0.05). (2)The KGF positive staining cells were located in the septa and walls of alveoli with more scattered around the alveoli and none was found in the bronchus. Positive staining cells was seldom seen in the pulmonary tissues in rats in the hyperoxia dexamethasone group. Conclusions Neonatal rats (3~10 d) exposed to 95% O_2 may have alveolarization arrest and the expression of KGF might be inhibited. Dexamethasone has no protective effect against this injury and instead made the condition worse.