Abstract Interoperability is the ability for two (or more) systems to communicate and to work together without any problem. So, if a system is not interoperable, some risks can emerge inducing lack of performance, of stability and of coherence. This document proposes to link interoperability improvement problem to the risk assessment. It presents a methodological approach dedicated to the risk assessment in socio-technical systems in the same way than in the medical organisations.


The paper considers application of methods for the uniform approximation of functions to find the polynomials of the approximation of sensors' inverse conversion functions. It suggests an iteration algorithm to implement the weighted uniform approximation of the dependency of the sensor's exit code on the ambient temperature. The experimental data were used to demonstrate the efficiency of the offered method for sensor calibration temperatures determining. The offered method allows one to determine an optimal set of temperatures for sensor calibration by the number and the resulting approximation error. The obtained reduction of the calibration time to the minimum possible value providing the required sensor accuracy will allow one to reduce the prime cost of sensors which is important for sensor manufacturers.


This paper highlights the service marketing strategies in various segments. It focuses on differences of physical goods and services, reasons for the growth of service sector. The paper describes traditional elements and Indian service sectors.


In this study, two methods are evaluated for assessing hydraulic head distribution in an aquifer unit. These methods consist in Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy based Inference System (ANFIS). Both methods are applied on the same case study: a part of the agricultural basin of the Orgeval located 70 km east of Paris, France. 68 samples were used to predict hydraulic head distribution on a 100 m square grid. Cartesian coordinates of the samples were used as inputs of the ANFIS, which gives encouraging result. Both simulations have realistic pattern (R > 0.97) even if OK performs slightly better than ANFIS at sampling site. Simulated hydraulic head distributions present discrepancies because the two methods capture different patterns. Combined use of the two approaches allow for improving the sampling location of the observation network.


The present invention addresses the problem of providing a yeast culture and a composition each having a high methylthioadenosine content; and novel use applications of the yeast culture and the composition. The present invention provides: a yeast culture which contains methylthioadenosine or a salt thereof and has a methylthioadenosine content of more than 5.5 mass%; and a composition for internal application, which comprises yeast and methylthioadenosine or a salt thereof, and has a ratio of the content of methylthioadenosine or the salt thereof in terms of methylthioadenosine content to the total content of methylthioadenosine or the salt thereof and the yeast is 1/10000 to 1/2 inclusive by mass. The yeast culture can be produced by heating a yeast culture containing S-adenosylmethionine or a salt thereof or allowing the yeast culture to stand. Each of the yeast culture and the composition for internal application is useful as an active ingredient for a sleep aid.


In this paper the author studies the dialectal relationships of the Euboic, especially its position within the Ionic-Attic group. For that purpose she analyses the isoglosae shared by the other dialects of the Ionic-Attic group (the Minor-Asiatic Ionic, the Cycladic and the Attic) as well as by the Boeotian, and she concludes that, as it was suggested by A. Bartoněk in 1970, it is necessary to modify the traditional classification of the Ionic-Attic and to distinguish three subgroups: the oriental Ionic (with two varieties: the Minor-Asiatic one and the Cycladic one), the Attic and the Euboic. The latter is much more closely related to the Attic and also shares some features with the Boeotian.


Civil right to water is defined to be that there is an adequate,clean supply of water for human needs.The purpose and notion of it determine its nature,that is,civil right to water is human right.The sound theoretical and legal basis for human right to water are supported by the environmental justice and sustainable development theory and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights and other human rights treaty.Civil right to water should be regulated based on the Constitution,which makes it's characterized by Judiciability.The Indian model and the South African model opens to the door the Judicability of civil right to water.Comparatively,The advantage and adaptation provide the possibility of the transplantation for our legal system.


In the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the ongoing assessment of client change through the use of tools referred to as progress monitoring (PM) measures (e.g., Lambert, 2010). PM measures are designed to be completed by a client on a routine basis, providing clinicians with systematic feedback on client functioning that can be used to inform clinical decisions (see Overington & Ionita, 2012 for a review of measures). A growing body of research supports the use of various PM measures in practice as a means of improving treatment outcomes, particularly for clients who are not progressing as expected (e.g., Connolly Gibbons et al., 2015; Lambert & Shimokawa, 2011; Shimokawa, Lambert, & Smart, 2010; Wampold, 2015).Unfortunately, there is a well-documented gap between research findings and practice in psychology (e.g., Cautin, 2011; Kazdin, 2008). Despite evidence supporting the benefits of continual client monitoring, surveys suggest that the majority of clinicians in North America have not incorporated this practice into their clinical work on a routine basis (Hatfield & Ogles, 2004; Ionita & Fitzpatrick, 2014; Phelps, Eisman, & Kohout, 1998). Among experienced clinicians, Hatfield and Ogles (2004) found that PM users had significantly more training in outcome assessment than nonusers. This suggests that graduate training in assessment may play a critical role in understanding how usage develops.Unfortunately, a recent survey of clinical psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) found that only slightly more than half of these programs offered assessment courses that covered the monitoring and evaluation of treatment effectiveness (Ready & Veague, 2014). If trainees do not receive training in the use of PM measures in their doctoral programs, it is possible that they could receive it as part of their internship training. Predoctoral internship training represents the culmination of the doctoral training experience and clinicians report that this training is essential preparation for the workforce (e.g., Stedman, Hatch, Schoenfeld, & Keilin, 2005). Mours, Campbell, Gathercoal, and Peterson (2009) surveyed training directors (TDs) from APA-accredited internship-training programs. They found that 47% of internship programs were routinely incorporating some type of outcome measure for evaluating treatments. The most frequently selected reasons for using such a measure included tracking client progress, determining whether treatment changes are required, evaluating the program, assessing strengths and weaknesses of the client, and engaging in ethical practice. Conversely, barriers to use included a lack of resources, additional paperwork and time requirements, burden on clients, and the perception that they are unhelpful. Mours et al. also questioned nonusers about factors that might facilitate their use of outcome measures in the future. Training directors identified the following as facilitators: more time, increased funds and resources, evidence supporting the validity of a given measure, and additional training in outcome measures.The Mours et al. (2009) findings were based on data collected in 2006. Since that time, there has been considerable research that supports PM measure usage. This new evidence may have significant impacts on several of the factors that Mours et al. found affected PM usage. For example, almost 40% of TDs not using measures at their sites reported that the implementation of measures would be facilitated by more evidence of their efficacy in practice. Studies in the past decade, including meta- and megaanalyses (Lambert & Shimokawa, 2011; Shimokawa et al., 2010) demonstrate strong support for some measures. As a result, limited empirical evidence may no longer represent a major barrier to usage. In addition, in their 2006 data, Mours et al. reported that almost 30% of TDs not using measures at their sites indicated that having available computerized scoring options would facilitate implementation of these tools. …


A gate electrode, and is disposed to face the gate electrode, gallium and a semiconductor layer comprising at least one oxide containing one and indium in the zinc and, said gate electrode and gate insulating film disposed between the semiconductor layer and the semiconductor layer is electrically connected to the, it is provided with a thin film transistor having a source electrode and a drain electrode separated from each other. The semiconductor layer may be three-dimensionally distributed in said semiconductor layer, and a plurality of microparticles having a periodicity in the arrangement of atoms. As a result, high using an oxide semiconductor is provided with a thin-film transistor of the mobility.


The rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in Native Americans and Alaska Natives far exceed that of the general US population. There are many postulating reasons for these excessive rates including the transition from a traditional to a contemporary diet. Although information on the dietary intakes of Native American and Alaska Native communities are limited, there seems to be a consensus that the Native American and Alaska Native diet is high in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Further information on the diet needs to be attained so that dietary interventions can effectively be implemented in these communities. An approach that is community based is proposed as the best solution to understanding the Native diet and developing culturally tailored interventions to sustainably improve diet. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 295–300


The present disclosure relates to a heating circuit having a monitor for a home appliance configuration. A method of cleaning and / or drying appliance, comprising means for heating the cleaning fluid and / or heating the drying air flow circuit (140), said heating circuit is connected to the distribution voltage power distribution line (105a inside the appliance, 105b ) and comprises at least one heating resistor (205) and switch means (210a, 210b) in series, the said switching means (210a, 210b) is controlled by the electrical control unit (125) so that when the need to selectively energizing the heating resistor. Said switch means includes a heating circuit of the heating resistor in series with a first and a second switch (210a, 210b), said heating resistor is inserted between the first switch and the second switch. Configuration monitoring circuit associated with the heating circuit, the monitoring circuit arrangement comprises a resistive network, said resistive network connected to the heating circuit comprises a first switch is closed so that a first resistor is bypassed in the timeliness (Rl), the heating resistor, and is connected to the heating circuit to close the second resistor (R2) timely be bypassed in the second opening, the monitoring circuit arrangement further includes a current sensor (240) the indication current, the current sensor (240) configured as a current flowing through the resistive network is measured and the measurement is fed to the control unit. The monitoring unit is configured to indicate the measured current based on the assessment of the possible faults of the heating circuit.


Information communications technologies (ICTs) are generally viewed as one of the contemporary strategies to redress or bridge the digital and knowledge divide. This paper assesses the value of such claims by analysing the structure and workings of the global knowledge sector and its impact on and prospects for developing country regions. The paper uses a case study of the Caribbean to illustrate the challenges faced by small island developing states. From this standpoint, the paper challenges the neoliberal postulations about the socioeconomic benefits of harnessing ICTs by focusing on an analysis of technoeconomic change and the structural causes of underdevelopment.


Bovine mastitis still remains a major problem to the dairy industry world wide although there are mastitis control strategies in place. In the last few decades there has been a change in the predominant pathogens causing mastitis. Streptococcus u


In this paper,the local-connectivity concept and restricted fault tolerance concept are proposed,the local k-subcube-connectivity and local subcube-connectivity of n-dimensional crossedcube are discussed.By the results in this paper,the fault tol-erant capability of the crossedcube is improved greatly.


Simple actions along the distribution chain of ornamentals, might improve postharvest management; however, users' lack of knowledge on their application is a...


Over the course of the past three centuries, Martinique has been hit by over a dozen tsunamis (on November 1, 1755, November 30, 1823, November 30, 1824, July 26, 1837, November 18, 1867, 1876, May 5, 1901, December, 1901, March and April, 1902, May 6, 1902, August 30, 1902 and July 24, 1939); however, not all events were recorded since the collective memory has dulled over the years. In reality, the island's vulnerability is the result of an intense densification of its coastal areas and it ...


Under multiculture, how to materialize regional character and con-temporary spirit in the landscape design is very important. This paper, taking Beidaihe Recreation Square as an example, analyzes the guidance of design ideas and themes to the landscape design,and tries to discuss the function, structural layout and design techniques of city squares, on purpose to realize the combination of regional character and contemporary spirit.


Aggressive or recent antineoplastic chemotherapy will reduce hepatic uptake of Ga-67. The authors describe a patient with mesenteric lymphoma in whom a paradoxical increase of hepatic uptake of Ga-67 occurred after aggressive chemotherapy. Before treatment, the mesenteric vessels were involved extensively by the lymphoma mass, and hepatic uptake of Ga-67 was markedly diminished despite the fact that the patient had a normal serum transferrin concentration and no history of blood transfusions. After treatment, the vessels were normalized as a result of a marked regression of the lymphoma mass. Alterations of Ga-67 delivery to the liver through the mesenteric or portal vessels may cause paradoxical improvements of hepatic Ga-67 uptake after chemotherapy.


Background Characterization of protein-protein interactions is essential for understanding cellular functions. Although there are many published methods to analyze protein-protein interactions, most of them present serious limitations. In a different study we have characterized a novel avian reovirus muNS-based protein tagging and inclusion targeting method, and demonstrated its validity to purify free an immobilized protein. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we present a method to identify protein-protein interactions inside living eukaryotic cells (tested in primate and avian cells). When p53 was tagged with Intercoil (IC; muNS residues 477–542), it not only got integrated into muNS cytoplasmic inclusions, but also attracted its known ligand SV40 large T antigen (TAg) to these structures. We have also adapted this system to work within the cell nucleus, by creating muNS-related protein chimeras that form nuclear inclusions. We show that nuclear muNS-derived inclusions are as efficient as cytoplasmic ones in capturing IC-tagged proteins, and that the proteins targeted to nuclear inclusions are able to interact with their known ligands. Conclusions/Significance Our protein redistribution method does not present the architectural requirement of re-constructing a transcription factor as any of the two-hybrid systems do. The method is simple and requires only cell transfection and a fluorescence microscope. Our tagging method can be used either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of living cells to test protein-protein interactions or to perform functional studies by protein ligand sequestration.


Melissa Taylor is a recent graduate of the Royal College of Art, having completed her Masters degree in Printed Textiles. During this time she researched the spatial relationships of fashion and architecture in both her theoretical and practical work. She is currently a freelance designer and writer. firstname.lastname@example.com Culture Transition: Fashion's Cultural Dialogue between Commerce and Art


In recent years, the quality incidents caused by violations of technical standards by enterprises have been frequent, and the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident has caused widespread public concern. To ensure the effective implementation of corporate technical standards, the key is to enhance the administrative supervision of local government and administrative supervision departments. This paper uses the method of cost-benefit analysis to analyze the mechanism of the administrative supervision department's implementation of the regulatory power of technical standards, and proposes countermeasures from the two perspectives of internal power and external power.


This research will examine the role of Analytics in Healthcare. In 2010, healthcare costs in the U.S. accounted for 17% of GDP (2.2 trillion dollars) (1) . It is projected that by 2017, these costs will reach 4 trillion dollars per annum (2) . Trends in the public and private sectors indicate that these high costs are not sustainable. In the public sector, title XIII of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (HITECH Act), includes incentives to providers for the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) over traditional paper (3) (4) . The private sector is also working to address the problem. They are striving to drive down costs, improve coordination and outcome, and provide more with less (5) by leveraging advanced analytics. Descriptive analytics in healthcare is not a new concept (5) . What this research paper will show is that for both the public and private sectors, the need to move beyond descriptive analytics is critical in solving the problems of modern day healthcare. Adoption of predictive and prescriptive analytics against clinical data is key in addressing these issues.


Objective To investigate the curative effects of different length of gastric tubes in newborn gastric lavage. Methods Totally,201 newborns with swallow syndrome were divided into the control group and the experimental group,traditional gastric tube length and tube length from apex nasi to earlobe to navel to midpoint of xiphoid were used for gastric lavage in the two groups,respectively,and the lavage effects were compared. Results Gastric lavage time,residual volume and secondary gastric lavage rate in the expreimental group were all lower than those of the control group( P 0. 01). Conclusion Newborns with swallow syndrome using gastric lavage length from apex nasi to earlobe to navel to midpoint of xiphoid has better lavage effects and the newborns are more tolerable.


Focusing on the relationship between the access of political parties to direct public funding and electoral support for anti-political-establishment (e.g. populist, extremist) parties (APEp), this article tries to fill an important gap in the literature. Whereas previous contributions, mostly focused on the United States or established democracies in Western Europe, have presented contradictory findings, our study of 19 new democracies in East Central Europe clearly shows that the absence of state subsidies for political parties boosts support for those with an anti-political-establishment character. More importantly, and taking into account the minimum legal payout threshold that grants parties access to public subsidies, our results show that the more restrictive the regulations and the greater the difficulties faced by parties in obtaining state help, the higher the support for APEp. Our findings have obvious implications for the development of post-Communist party systems and the future of legislative (party funding) reform in the region.


Productivity of forest plantation such as Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia is strongly decreased by bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith). However, studies of bacterial wilt disease on E. pellita in Indonesia is still inadequate, so several comprehensive research are required. This research was aimed to analyse the dominant silviculture factors and soil properties which can contribute to disease epidemiology. Observation on disease incidence was conducted by the transect method on 40 observation plots selected by the purposive random sampling in 4 provinces in Indonesia. Nine silviculture factors were collected by tracking the identity and the history of plot maintenance, while soil properties were analysed from soil samples. The correlation among disease incidence to silviculture factors and soil properties was carried out by chi-square and multiple regression analysis, respectively. Planting age, Eucalyptus clones, and root malformation were the top 3 of silviculture factors which has shown significant correlation to disease incidence. Early growth of Eucalyptus sp. plant was a critical period of the disease epidemic, especially in the susceptible clone. On the other hand, soil texture (percentage of sand, clay, and silt) were the dominant variables of soil properties which strongly affected the disease incidence.


Abstract This article introduces the rationale and the brief review of the content of the selected papers from the International Symposium "Ecohydrology for sustainable water ecosystems and society in Ethiopia" held on 18 th – 21 st of November 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" organized by the European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology under the auspices of UNESCO and the Ministry of Water and Energy of Ethiopia, financed by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland – within the Polish Aid Programme. The major criterion of papers selection, above scientific quality, was the perspective of use of the information and knowledge provided in their content to improve the sustainability of water, ecosystems and society, for further development of the wisdom and competences applying the theory of Ecohydrology – one of the priorities of the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO – as a framework.


The director of the hospital as a link between its members and plans andobjectives, so for the development prosperity of the organization to be directorof a personality pattern can repeat the conduct of the organization for the betterand uses a style of leadership helps employees to provide the best .Standesigned to detect the most prominent patterns and types of personal leadershipand find a correlation between them.We used the descriptive approach correlative on a sample (30)director of thestate Oum El Bouaghi and constantine , we used two measures .We concluded that most prominent personal styles are style" C", then style "B",then style" A" ,and the most prominent types of leadership are type autocratic,Type democratic, types free, and find a correlation between personal leadershipstyles and types of the hospital directors.


A Brake Pedal Emulator controlled by two solenoids is presented in this paper.From its working principle,the dynamic model of Brake Pedal Emulator is established using AMESim software.Also,the PID control algorithm is designed using MATLAB software.A typical example is given by numerical co-simulation and the influence of some important parameters on the pedal characteristics is obtained.The results show that good braking feel can be provided by the Brake Pedal Emulator.


This paper presents the findings of a survey that correlate human personality types with the preferences towards graphical user interface (GUI) design for e–commerce website. Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) inventory is the personality instrument used to conduct personality test on human beings in this study. The targeted sample is the students from UCSI University KL Campus. They are first group into one of the sixteen MBTI personality types, and then they are further grouped into one of the four Myers–Briggs temperaments. 2 types of surveys are imposed: the Personality and Preferences Questionnaire (PPQ) which aim to figure out the correlation; and User Evaluation Questionnaire (UEQ) which is conducted online is used to collect user feedbacks on the resultant website prototypes. Fuzzy logic theory together with the data collected during PPQ is implemented into ANFIS systems to come out with inferences about whether or not the suggested correlation exists. Conclusion drawn from this study is that human's personality type does affect some of the preference towards website elements (website layout and font type used), but not all.


The special properties exhibited by electrodeposited composite coatings have ensured industrial applications for them as a result of the high specification demands of modern technology. Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanism offormation of such coatings, including those involving gold matrices, and awareness of the properties of the latter, justify interest in theirpotential applications.


A 29-year-old woman, who had been treated for acute pancreatitis on an ambulant basis, developed pancreatic lithiasis and cysts within a short period of observation. Afterward she was admitted to the hospital because of left flank pain, back pain, and fever. As a result of clinical examinations, a rapid growth of the cyst out of the pancreas was pointed out. Resection of the pancreatic body and tail, excision of the cyst, removal of the pancreatic lithiasis, and pancreaticojejunostomy were performed. Histologically, chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic pseudocyst was diagnosed. Acidophilic substance with calcification in the pancreatic duct would suggest the development of the pancreatic lithiasis.


A wide band asymmetric double t-type microstrip dipole antenna for integrated circuits such as MMIC is designed and fabricated. A new configuration for a wide band microstrip dipole antenna with an omni-directional pattern is proposed. By properly choosing the gap of dipoles and the length of the upper dipole, the center frequency of about 700 MHz can be shifted. The antenna impedance bandwidth of 450 MHz can be obtained for using a IMT2000 frequency band. The characteristics of the proposed antenna were analyzed using FDTD methods.


Objective To observe the long-term efficacy of glucocorticoids combined with azathioprine in treatment of recurrent lymphocytic hypophysitis(LyH).Methods The clinical data of a female patient with LyH,who was misdiagnosed before as suffering from pituitary tumor and treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery,were analyzed retrospectively and the patient was long-term followed-up after the diagnosis of LyH.Results The patient was misdiagnosed before as having pituitary tumor because of headache and diplopia and treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery,and the symptoms were relieved significantly.However,the symptoms relapsed 4 months later and the pituitary MRI showed abnormal intrasellar with suprasellar extension of soft tissue signals,and cavernous sinus was also bilaterally involved.Pathological section was re-examined,and the diagnosis of LyH was confirmed.The symptoms were relieved 1 week after high dosage of methylprednisolone pulse therapy(HDMPT),and the pituitary MRI showed that the image returned to normal 3 weeks later.The symptoms relapsed 18 months after HDMPT,whereas the pituitary MRI appeared normal.Then the patient was again treated with HDMPT followed by prednisone plus azathioprine for 16 weeks.During the period of follow-up,the patient was found to be pregnant,and a healthy baby was delivered 3 years after prednisone and azathioprine discontinuation without recurrence of signs of LyH.Conclusion Glucocorticoids combined with azathioprine could be a therapy of choice for the treatment of recurrent LyH in female patients,and pregnancy is possible in such case.


This paper discussed the fractal properties of well logging curve, and according to the Hausdorff fractal dimension, defined the logging curve's fractal dimension, and as examples, resistivity and porosity fractal dimension, DR and D¦Õ, were given. Subsequently, based on the two variables, this study further presented a method to calculate cementation exponent m. The practical example proved validity of this method. Through the calculation of m, the fractal characteristics of it was discussed, which revealed the profound geological and petrophysical meanings of m. According to this research, m not only reflects the degree of cementation of intergranulars of rocks, but further depicts the heterogeneity of microstructure of pores and sedimentary environments. The more heterogeneous of the reservoir, the much higher value of m, and the calculation results shows that values of m are sound agreement with core-electrical experiments results. The advantage, of this method is that m can be calculate directly from logging curve, but not rely on laboratory measurements at high temperature and high pressure. This method allows point-by-point calculation, and can be used to identify hydrocarbon. The paper also discussed the tortuosity of path which current penetrates through in the rocks. Commonly, for a rock with certain pores and porosity, water saturated has less tortuosity than that of hydrocarbon saturated rocks. So, the proportion of hydrocarbon in the pores, that is the saturation, affects the tortuosity of current path, and the law is that the more saturated hydrocarbon in the pores, the more tortuose of the path. The measurements of cores show that the value of m is a function of porosity and hydrocarbon saturation of these rocks, while the novel algorithm of fractal dimension DR and D¦Õ, illustrates that m is also a function of tortuosity of current path. The tortuosity depends on the saturation of hydrocarbon, and the molecules of hydrocarbon and water will established a lot of micro capacitors, which is just reason of increasing of tortuosity.


Distributed artificial intelligence (DAI), a relatively new but growing body of research in AI, is based on a different model than traditional artificial intelligence. DAI is a subfield of artificial intelligence that attempts to construct intelligent agents that make decisions allowing them to achieve their goals. It deals with interactions of intelligent agents in a world populated by other intelligent agents with their own goals. A DAI Taxonomy, based on the social abilities of an individual agent, the organization of agents, and the dynamics of this organization through time is also presented. It also involves improving the performance or increasing the knowledge of a single agent by implementing concept of Multi agent into it.


1. Packaging having a sealed outer wall comprising a condom and a liquid or gel, isolated from the condom barrier, wherein the barrier is adapted to rupture under external action on the package for applying a liquid or gel to one side of the condom without violating the integrity of a sealed outer wall; wherein the outer wall is provided with a sealed molded tray sealed by a cover foil, wherein the deformable portion is provided with a central part of the tray, wherein the deformable portion is deformable from an undeformed first configuration to the second configuration, in which it pushes the liquid or gel through barer.2. Packaging according to Claim. 1 further comprising an annular recess surrounding a central deformable chast.3. Packaging according to claim. 2, wherein the deformable portion does not protrude downwardly beyond the lower surface uglubleniya.4. Packaging according to Claim. 1, wherein the deformable portion is arranged in such a way that when deformation exceeds a certain value, it shifts into the second konfiguratsiyu.5. Packaging according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the deformable portion has a protrusion that facilitates gap barera.6. Packaging according to Claim. 1, wherein the deformable portion has a protrusion that facilitates gap barera.7. Packaging according to Claim. 1, where the liquid or gel is a compound comprising glitseriltrinitrat.8. Packaging according to Claim. 1, where the liquid or gel is a compound comprising a lubricant, a spermicide and / or aromatizator.9. Packaging having a sealed outer wall comprising a condom and a liquid or gel, isolated from the condom barrier, wherein the barrier is adapted to


With new material to reflect the policy changes of the past decade, notably the Affordable Care Act, Charles Murray suggests that there is no better moment for citizens to consider an overhaul of the current welfare state. It is time, he proposes, to put the future of all Americans back A¢Â€Âœin our hands.A¢Â€Â


Under the background of increasing energy problem,we have fabricated a prototype of high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage system(HTS FESS)to demonstrate the potential application prospect of high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technique in the field of energy storage.The prototype is mainly composed of high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing(SMB),flywheel rotor,permanent magnet motor and power electronic device.The upper and lower SMBs are used to stably levitate the shaft and flywheel rotor with diameter of 200 mm and weight of 1.4 kg.The HTS FESS prototype can realize the highest designed speed of 13000 r/min.Using a lamp as load,the prototype can give a nice demonstration of the mutual conversion processes of electrical energy to mechanical energy.


Two months after the withdrawal of cerivastatin (Lipobay) from the market because of associated deaths, the German manufacturer, Bayer, is still facing possible damaging consequences. In particular, it faces a collective legal claim by patients in the United States and is also having to restructure the firm.

In August Bayer decided to take cerivastatin off the market when several cases of deaths due to rhabdomyolysis came to light as a presumed consequence of high dose cerivastatin, especially in combination with another cholesterol lowering drug gemfibrozil (18 August, p 359).

There was a public …


Butadiene has been polymerized by AlCl3 and related materials at −78°C. The structure of the polymers produced has been studied by infrared analysis. The structure of the soluble polybutadiene was found to be independent of extent of conversion, concentration of catalyst solution, and length of reaction. An insoluble polymer also formed in the system and the amount of this depended on the extent of conversion, being greater at higher conversion whether this was achieved by higher catalyst concentration or longer time. Complexing the AlCl3 with nitroethane or nitrobenzene changed the structure of the polymer slightly, while the use of diethyl ether as a complexer produced no changes. TiCl4, used as the initiator, produced polymers of slightly different structure from those formed with AlCl3, while AlBr3 and BF3·Et2O yielded polymers like those from AlCl3. When the solvent used was varied, the polymer structure also varied. The observed variations were small in all cases.


Two techniques are presented that allow us to measure impurity density profiles in the TEXTOR tokamak plasma. The one-dimensional profiles are gathered by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) in combination with beam emission spectroscopy (BES). Combining CXRS and BES eliminate the need for absolute calibration. For two-dimensional profiles an ultrasoft x-ray tomography system has been developed. The system is spectrally resolved and produces local emissivity profiles of several ionization stages of impurities. Both systems are presently being commissioned. They are complementary and give an insight into the impurity distribution and transport in plasmas.


Simple expressions are found for plane‐wave reflection and transmission coefficients for a layered (continuously varying density and sound speed) fluid sediment layer sandwiched between a uniform fluid above (representing the ocean) and a uniform solid substrate below; exact solutions are derived first in terms of the wave functions in the sediment layer, and these are then approximated using Langer's generalization of the WKB method. The approximate solutions, valid for monotonic but otherwise arbitrary sediment profiles, are evaluated for a class of quasilinear sound‐speed profiles and shown to be very accurate for the cases considered; for some special cases they turn out to be exact. Bottom loss predictions are presented for a clay sediment overlying a basalt substrate, examining in particular the influence of different density and sound‐speed profiles on the excitation of Stoneley waves at the sediment–substrate boundary.


Contrasting the mass out-migration of the younger populace following the economic crisis in Greece and the simultaneous large inflow of refugees, the city of Athens has lately become an attractive place for tourists and lifestyle migrants. This article provides a better understanding of the marginal, yet unexplored in-migration of relatively affluent Europeans moving to Athens to work in the growing offshore service sector. Athens is an attractive place for offshore service work companies, as low salaries can be compensated for by "the sun," "Greek culture," and "low cost and high standard of living" (Bellos, 2019). Based on interviews with Finnish offshore workers, this article argues that the local context might not render all lifestyle migrants from wealthier countries similarly privileged. Due to their low salaries and recent changes in the local housing market fuelled by touristification, offshore service workers face a lack of affordable housing. The article further argues that affluent transnational migration is a multidimensional phenomenon, which needs to be contextualized, and which has nuanced, widespread effects on local housing markets and neighbourhood life.


The occurrence of fault belt must change the hardness of rock mass.The translation speed of Rayleigh wave is related to physical and mechanical properies of medium.The Rayleigh wave survey technique is used for water-bearing fault belt pre-pretection in the process of a tunnel construction of Quansan highway,and the result is compared with the result of ground penetracting radar.It is indicated that the Rayleigh wave technique is a kind of simple,effective technique for pre-detecting water-bearing fault belt in the process of the tunnel construction.


The search for appropriate materials with favorable staggered energy band arrangements is important and is a great challenge in order to fabricate Z-scheme photocatalysts with high activity in visible light. In this study, we demonstrated a facile and feasible strategy to construct highly active organic–inorganic Z-scheme hybrids (P-BMO) with linear pyrene-based conjugated polymer (P17-E) and Bi2MoO6, via an in-situ palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The characterization results revealed C-O chemical bond formed at the heterointerface between P17-E and Bi2MoO6 after in-situ polycondensation and endowed the hybrids with observably improved photogenerated carries transfer capabilities. Visible, light-driven photocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin and Cr(VI) were significantly enhanced after the incorporation of P17-E into Bi2MoO6, whether with the morphology of nanosheets, nanobelts, or microspheres. Moreover, these P-BMO hybrids were also found to exhibit excellent sustainable photocatalytic performance after four runs of photocatalytic evaluation tests, suggesting their high activity and stability. To better eliminate the redox ability enhancement of P-BMO, a reasonable Z-scheme electrons transferring mechanism between P17-E and Bi2MoO6 was proposed and proved by the determination of •O2– and •OH and Pt nanoparticles photodeposition experiments. This work might provide a viable source and insight into the design of Z-scheme photocatalysts with excellent redox ability for environmental remediation.


The reduction in news cycle time coupled with high Internet penetration have resulted in a phenomenon known as 'citizen journalism' where ordinary people who are non-journalists collect, analyze and disseminate news pieces. This paper leverages tags drawn from iReport, an active citizen journalism Website to elicit breaking news. The goal is to examine the coverage and effectiveness of news elicitation in iReport vis-à-vis those reported in the mainstream media. The data collection procedure involved manually culling major news events reported in mainstream news sources between April 8 and June 6 2008. In parallel, tags from iReport postings were extracted during the same study period. Tags were analyzed using correlational analysis and relative frequencies. Results show that out of the 10 major news events reported in mainstream sources, five could be elicited from tags in iReport. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed


The two most common oncology disorders considered in patients who present to oncology clinic with bone pain and lytic bone lesions are metastatic bone cancer and multiple myeloma. We report an interesting case presented to our institute with the above mentioned similar complaints having a benign disorder called primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) but not cancer. In the past PHP could only be diagnosed in patients with recurrent urolithiasis and radiographic picture of osteitis fibrosa cystica. In the case report described below the patient presented with clinical features, plan X-ray skeletal changes, and hypocalcaemia simulating malignancy. Unless the oncologists are aware and attentive of this differential diagnosis, there is a possibility of delay or even missing the diagnosis of PHP.


FIAS, J.W. Goethe Universit¨at, Frankfurt am Main, GermanyI will give a short review the physics of strangeness enhancement inquark-gluon plasma, and argue that it is currently the best candidate of asignature of deconfinement. I will also discuss what strangeness abundancecan tell us about the bulk properties of the system created in heavy ioncollisions.PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Dw, 25.75.Nq


This paper introduces the conception of the Mil-Std-1553 protocol, analyzes the data structure of the command words, status words, and data words of Mil-Std-1553 protocol, and explains the mechanisms of the physical wave code scheme, terminal address, mode code of the bus administration, and the process of data transmission and data receiving.


Procedures for hedonic model determinations of market prices, premiums, and discounts for cotton fiber attributes have been developed for daily market price reporting. Model results and current market quotations both track market prices in the Texas-Oklahoma markets accurately. The model provides a more detailed set of quality premiums and discounts and avoids a systematic bias which occurs in the market quotations.


This reflection focuses on research conducted in 'The Jungle' in Calais, an informal camp of approximately 6000 refugees (Help Refugees, 2016). My self-designed qualitative study aimed to assess the availability and nature of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) by interviewing service providers about their role in MHPSS. The research questioned whether MHPSS was evidence-based (Tol et al, 2011), what types of MHPSS was available, what service providers envisaged to be the most immediate needs, and barriers and enabling factors in MHPSS.


Citrate synthase (CS) is a key mitochondrial enzyme (Nes Nusi et al.2013). The aim was to investigate effects of 12 weeks of high fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) on C57BL/6J (B6) mice and Congenic (rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/KjnB6 (B6.A) mice. CS activity in gastrocnemius and heart muscles of mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks were examined by spectrophotometer. CS activity was higher in gastrocnemius muscle of B6 compared to B6.A mice (659.1 ± 121.7 vs 398.1± 129.4 U/g protein, respectively, p<0.0001) than when mice were fed control high carbohydrate diet (HCD). CS activity was also higher in the heart of B6 compared to B6.A mice (2172.2 ± 312.8 versus 1182.53 ± 379.9 U/g protein, respectively, p < 0.0001). Twelve weeks of HFD led to an increase (P < 0.05) in CS activity of gastrocnemius and decrease (P < 0.05) in CS activity of heart for both mice strains. Western blot was employed to investigate AMPK, GLUT4, P38 and ERK1/2 proteins. There was no difference in these proteins activation between mice strains and their diets. These results suggest that HFD can stimulate CS activity in tissues with low oxidative potential and inhibits it in tissues with high oxidative potential


Abstract  Periarthritis of the shoulder is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the shoulder and surrounding soft tissues. This condition is frequently caused by injury, leading to pain and lack of use.  Objective : Maitland's technique can reduce pain,improve shoulder abduction range in patients with periarthritis of shoulder. Design: Experimental study. Participants were in Saveetha Medical college hospital Chennai, (n=60, age range= 35 to 70 years). Results : The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001 by conventional criteriathis difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant in experimental group. Conclusion : Maitland mobilizationcould be effective intervention in the reduction of pain, increase the shoulder abduction range in periarthritis of shoulder.


Evaluation research is relatively and unfortunately atheoretical in approach. The incorporation of empiricism is a philosophical and methodological strategy for evaluation research, has aided in profitable assessment and development of social policy, and has led the development of methodological and statistical innovation in social science. The full power of evaluation research will only be realized when evaluative research embraces the other component of science - theory. It is argued that as the functions of theory have defined the growth and utility of science it will characterize the growth and usefulness of evaluation research. Theoretical guided evaluation will make an already applying science an applied one.


Spacer for fastening a dash silencer, said spacer comprising: a cylindrical hollow body; a radially extending from one of the ends of the body to the outside first flange; a radially extending from the other end of the body to the outside the second flange; and a plurality of engagement pawls that extend from the outer surface at the other end of the body radially outwardly toward the first flange.


Bacterial pigments are classified as natural products, which are the important classes of highly active natural compounds and also plays a wide range of biological roles such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer etc., Bacterial pigments are categorized as secondary metabolites, these molecules are economically important as a potential applicant in biomedicine. They are widely used in biopharmaceutical industries, due to their needs in various health illnesses in humans. The bacterial secondary metabolites productions are regulated through physical, chemical and biological factors, the scientific based modern tools are playing major role on signaling processing, growth composition regulation and impaired metabolism in bacteria. To know the general mechanisms involved in enhancing the production of bacterial pigments, this review outlines the application of various modern techniques applies to identify the production of secondary metabolites in microorganisms.


Purpose: The objective of this work is to develop mathematical models based on experimental data that enables us to predict the values of physico-mechanical parameters of surface quality of MLSMP (microhardness, depth of hardened layer, level of hardening) when VCSH is applied. Design/methodology/approach: For all round studying of the effect of main technological factors on physicomechanical parameters of MLSMP surface layer quality (microhardness, depth of hardening layer, level of hardening) it is expedient to use the method of factor planning with applying plane 2k, where k is the number of variation factors. Findings: The obtained empiric relations enable us to predict the values of physico-mechanical parameters of MLSMP made of alloyed steels (especially of 40XH2MA steel) depending technological parameters of VCSH, the parameters being within their ranges. Research limitations/implications: The effect of technological parameters of VCSH and that of constructional dimensions of the hardening device equipped with electromagnetic drive and elastic system parameters of MLSMP surface hardening qualities is ambiguous. Originality/value: The hardening devices equipped with electromagnetic drive and elastic systems for treating internal and external MLSD surfaces are designed to solve the problem.


Objective To study the detection of Her2 expression in breast cancer by using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) methods,and to evaluate their clinical value.Methods The expression of Her2 protein and gene in 51 cases with breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical staining and FISH,respectively,and then the data was analyzed.Results Of 51 cases,the expression of Her2 protein were strongly positive in 15 cases(29.41%),positive in 13 cases(25.49%),weakly positive in 14 cases(27.45%),negative in 9 cases(17.65%);Her2 gene amplification existed in 19 cases(37.25%).No significant difference was found in the results between the two methods(χ2=3.76,P0.05),but the correlation coefficient of the two methods was not very well(r=0.539,P0.01),in the(+++),(++),(+) and(-) of Her2 protein expression,the Her2 gene amplication' was 80%,23.08%,28.57% and 0,respectively.Conclusion The immunohistochemistry is regarded as the initial screening method of the detection for Her2 expression.In the cases with positive expression of Her2 protein by immunohistochemistry,it must be further detected by FISH when it selects Herceptin in clinical therapy.


Aim: To investigate the percentage of myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) and interleukin-10(IL-10) ,interleukin-12(IL-12) levels in peripheral blood from children with asthma.Methods: Taking 48 cases of healthy children and 45 cases of pneumonia children as control,the percentage of MDSCs in peripheral blood of 52 cases of atopic asthma and 50 cases of alleviated asthma were measured by double-color fluorescence labeling technique flow cytometry,and the IL-10 and IL-12 levels in serum were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results: The percentage of MDSCs and the serum from children with atopic asthma were significantly higher than those in other 3 groups,while the IL-12 levels in serum from children with atopic asthma was significantly lower(F=1 043.820,1 284.470,1 139.380,P0.05) .The difference between pneumonia and healthy control group was not obvious(P0.05) .In children with atopic asthma, the percentage of MDSCs had positive correlation with IL-10 level(r=0.741,P=0.007) ,while had negative correlation with IL-12(r=0.879,P=0.014) .Conclusion: MDSCs may play an important role in asthma through up-regulating IL10 level,and down-regulating IL-12 level.


BackgroundDue to increased environmental issues around the world, people are getting more and more aware of the effects of their consumption and their influence on the environment. Companies have t ...


Introduction: Small bowel leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare condition among gastrointestinal malignancies. They are often asymptomatic in the early stages and are difficult to diagnose by lower and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Case Report: A 30-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of hemophilia presented to us with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography and computer tomography was done; a mass lesion, approximately 5×5 cm in size, causing invagination at the ileal level was observed. After preoperative preparations, the patient was operated on; laparotomy and the existing mass lesion was removed by segmenter small bowel resection and end-to-end anastomosis. He was discharged on the postoperative 3rd day without any complications. The patient, whose histopathologically presented leiomyosarcoma, was under oncological follow-up. Discussion: Small bowel leiomyosarcomas that differentiate from gastrointestinal stromal tumors can be distinguished by various immunohistochemical staining methods. Magnetic resonance enterography, computed tomography/colonography and capsule endoscopy may be needed in the differential diagnosis. Surgical resection still maintains its importance in the approach to such tumors, and the prognosis depends on tumor size and histological stage. Keywords: gastrointestinal stromal tumor, intestinal obstruction, leiomyosarcoma


Nuclease is a special enzyme designed for meeting to the demand on extract with plenty of flavor nucleotide (I+G),I+G have been pay more and more attention on the global market nowadays.Nuclease is obtained by solid state incubation and fermentation of Penicillium claviforme,barrier separation technic and vacuum freeze drying.It is a kind of enzyme directionally hydrelyzing nucleotide to 5′-nucleotide,and catalyze RNA and diester linkage between 3′-carbon atom hydroxyl in oligonucleotides molecule.Combining with the processing of yeast hydrolyzing,the essay studied the nuclease application on processing yeast extract.The optimum hydrolyzed condition is:yeast substrate con- centration:10%~15%,pH:5.0,hydrolyzing temperature:60℃,reaction time:4h~8h.The flavor nucleotide (I+G) yield of yeast extract production promote to 8%~10% compared with 1%~2%.The resuhs reach the nation- al advanced technology.


This study examines the financial integration of large- and small-cap stocks in twenty-three emerging markets to determine their degree of market integration with the world market. The international asset pricing model cannot be rejected for most large-cap stock portfolios, but it is rejected for small-cap stock portfolios. The findings also demonstrate that super-large-cap stocks have the fewest pricing errors and their global financial integration has increased in recent years. In sum, the empirical results indicate that global market integration is primarily associated with the super-large-cap stocks of large emerging markets.


The rapid buildup of Ips bark beetle populations in suitable host material has been investigated by several workers. Among these, Anderson (1948) first noted that Ips pini (Say) adults were not strongly attracted to uninfested host logs. After a few beetles had entered these logs, the logs then became attractive to other I. pini of both sexes. Anderson further observed that only males newly established in the inner bark attracted other males and females. Wood and Vite (1961) found a similar pattern of behavior in Ips confusus, (Le Conte). The studies presented here concern some of the characteristics of attraction and population development in Florida Ips species.


A complete set of Higgs and matter superfields is introduced with well-defined SO(10) properties and U(1) x Z{sub 2} x Z{sub 2} family charges from which the Higgs and Yukawa superpotentials are constructed. The Higgs fields solve the doublet-triplet splitting problem, while the structures of the four Dirac fermion mass matrices obtained involve just six effective Yukawa operators. The right-handed Majorana matrix arises from one Higgs field coupling to several pairs of superheavy conjugate neutrino singlets. In terms of 10 input parameters to the mass matrices, the model accurately yields the 20 masses and mixings of the lightest quarks and leptons, as well as the masses of the 3 heavy right-handed neutrinos. The bimaximal atmospheric and solar neutrino vacuum solutions are favored in this simplest version.


Abstract A user's perspective is presented in a tera-byte, non-volatile, memory system trade study. The study compares physical and performance characteristics of several technologies using a basic architecture. The purposes of the trade study are: (1) to assess implementing a 1TB system within five years and (2) to assess several technologies for use in the system. For volatile memory, the requirements of battery back-up for system non-volatility are established. The system architecture is based on potential military, aerospace, and commercial applications of large capacity memory systems and their respective requirements.


5513 Background: To date, neither immunohistochemistry (IHC) nor molecular analyses have identified prognostic markers of response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors in SCCHN. Thus, the selection of patients who could benefit from such agents remains a challenge. We designed a 'pilot' clinical trial of patients (pts) with SCCHN pending first-line surgery of their disease.

METHODS
Pts with resectable SCCHN received erlotinib at 150mg/day during the period between pan-endoscopy and surgery. Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were collected during treatment, which ceased the day before surgery.

RESULTS
Thirty five pts were recruited. All of them had resectable SCCHN: oral cavity (17 pts), oropharyngeal (7 pts), hypopharyngeal (5 pts), larygeal (6 pts). Thirty pts received full treatment with erlotinib and the main reason for discontinuation was rash. The median duration of treatment was 21 days (14-27). All pts were evaluated clinically and their tumors assessed radiologically before and after treatment. Out of 30 evaluable pts, 8 were considered as good responders (30-80% decrease in tumor size), 18 had stable disease and 2 had minor progression. Expected toxicities were observed: rash (grade 2/3 in 11 pts), diarrhea (grade 2 in 1 pt). All pts underwent surgery. The incidence of post-operative complications was similar to our historical series. No mutations in the catalytic domain of EGFR TK were found. All tumors were positive for EGFR by IHC. Correlative statistical analyses between PK, toxicity and response data are ongoing and will be presented. Neither over expression of EGFR nor other IHC markers alone were found to be good predictive markers of efficacy. Retrospective analysis of morphological and IHC evaluation in some cell cycle regulators (mainly p21) appeared to be predictive of erlotinib efficacy (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 88%).

CONCLUSIONS
Neo-adjuvant treatment with erlotinib in SCCHN pts is well-tolerated. This trial demonstrated a useful prospective method to potentially aid patient selection to improve the design of post-operative adjuvant treatment combinations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The goal with this project was to design and construct an intelligent system for regulating warm and cold airflow in a room.
A system has been developed and implemented in a specially designed ceil ...


In Ethiopia the contribution of the rural non-farm enterprise (RNFE) sector to employment and income has increased overtime, and this contribution is unlikely to diminish in the future given that rural businesses will be needed to support the job creation and hence livelihood to the growing number of youths who do not have access to farming land. However, the dynamics of the sector has to be explored to understand the contributions of RNFE and its implications for development. In this report, we analyse dynamics in RNFEs in Ethiopia and recommend policy options to make the sector serve as a way out of poverty especially for the youth.


The present invention is attached to (a) top and three-dimensional adhesive body made of a pressure sensitive adhesive having a lower surface, a microelectronic system embedded in the body of the (b) pressure sensitive adhesive, (c) the upper surface and one or more cover layers, and, adhered in (d) of including a microelectronic system characterized any release liner affixed by peelable form on the lower surface of the adhesive device, the body surface of a mammal put on a three-dimensional adhesive device should be. Preferably, the microelectronic system, pressure, vibration, sound, (from e.g., muscle activity) electroactive, tension, blood flow, moisture, temperature, enzyme activity, bacteria, pH, glucose, conductivity, resistance, capacitance, inductance physical input, such as, or other chemical, biochemical, biological, a microelectronic sensing system that can sense the input of mechanical or electrical properties.


The results of research on the polymerisation and copolymerisation of N-vinylsuccinimide in aqueous media are generalised. An examination is made of the effect of solvent water on processes of interaction of monomers with components of the reaction medium, on the redistribution of electron density in monomer molecules, and on the creation of the prerequisites for the occurrence of processes of targeted synthesis of polymers and the formation of macromolecules with certain alternation of the monomer units.


We have formulated a model to represent globular cluster luminosity functions (GCLFs) in distant galaxies by means of maximum-likelihood statistics. This model simultaneously accounts for the presence of a contaminating background population, incompleteness at faint magnitudes, and photometric measurement error. We apply this model to observational data sets for the three Virgo giant elliptical galaxies NGC 4365, 4472, and 4649, to derive accurate new values for the GCLF peak and dispersion.


Background. The Antillean or sharpnose shark is one of the main exemplars of shark species in the commercial catch in southern Gulf of Mexico. Oceanic dynamics on the planet Earth varies year-on-year due to the oscillation of solar radiation; fish abundances (and catches) likely respond to these oscillations. Goals. This study focuses on the analysis of landings variability of the antillean sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) in the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico, from 1940 to 2006, and its possible connection with solar activity as assessed by the average sunspot number (Zurich Index). Methods. A polynomial curve by least-squares best fitting was used to eliminate the tendency from the sharpnose shark landings time series. Spectral techniques of Maximum Entropy (ME) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) were used to analyze the time series of sharpnose shark landings and the Zurich Index. Results. The time series of sharpnose shark landings showed a remarkable spectral peak with a period of about 12.8 years, while the Zurich Index showed a marked peak at a period of 11.6 years. Cross-correlation revealed a delay between the average number of solar spots and sharpnose shark landings. Conclusions. This work is the first to report such a low frequency variability for landings of the Rh. terraenovae fishery in the Gulf of Mexico, using a particular methodology that can provide information for the design of predictive models in the future. The analyzed landing volumes of the sharpnose shark Rh. terraenovae showed as a result a periodical behavior in coincidence with Wolf's solar activity cycle of 10.6 years.


Although it is well known that the normal, triphasic pulsatile arterial Doppler waveform changes in shape as flow is impaired, interpretation of the waveform has largely been subjective. We aimed to describe the Doppler waveforms of the lower extremity objectively using Fourier transformation.


The Asiatic Mode of Production is one of the more problematic components of the Marxist Theory on modes of production, because it includes the idea of a single abstract concept which could apprehend the multiple, in time and in space, social realities of the enormous region called Asia, and also because of the judgment it allows to be made in respect of these societies. And so, analyzing the concept of Asiatic Mode of Production is a manner of dealing with Eurocentrism, Orientalism and of understanding their relationships with the Historical Materialism.


The mass of protoplanetary disks is arguably one of their most important quantities shaping their evolution toward planetary systems, but it remains a challenge to determine this quantity. Using the high spatial resolution now available on telescopes such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), recent studies derived a relation between the disk surface density and the location of the"dust lines". This is a new concept in the field, linking the disk size at different continuum wavelengths with the radial distribution of grain populations of different sizes. We aim to use a dust evolution model to test the dependence of the dust line location on disk gas mass. In particular, we are interested in the reliability of the method for disks showing radial substructures, as recent high-resolution observations revealed. Our models show that the determination of the dust line location is a promising approach to the mass estimate of protoplanetay disks, but the exact relation between the dust line location and disk mass depends on the structure of the particular disk. We calibrated the relation for disks without evidence of radial structures, while for more complex structures we ran a simple dust evolution model. However, this method fails when there is evidence of strong dust traps. It is possible to reveal when dust evolution is dominated by traps, providing the necessary information for when the method should be applied with caution.


Dynamic photorefractive memories (DPMs) have been shown to provide nondestructive readout and write/erase capabilities for multiple storage of 2-D images.1,2 Each image is stored by recording a phase hologram of a small refractive-index modulation Δn0 ≪ Δnmax where Δnmax is the allowable maximum refractive index modulation. In this paper we are concerned with DPMs where a fast erasure process must be used to replace one of the stored images by another. The recording and incoherent erasure processes may be characterized by exponential curves. For the small refractive-index modulation typical of superimposed photo re frac live holograms, the writing process is much faster than the incoherent erasure process. Such asymmetry is appropriate for long term storage but inappropriate for fast updating of the stored information.


The great Spanish philosopher Jesus Mosterin died on October 4, 2017, on World Animal Day. Coincidence or not, the truth is that his legacy and work are essential for the defense of animal rights. Its scientific rigor constitutes a solid and unambiguous argument in favor of due respect and empathy towards the other living beings with whom we share the planet. His message is always direct and makes clear that the defense of other animals was and still is one of the great pending issues in the social, political and cultural evolution of our country. His work paves the way for us.


The metadatabase work at Rensselaer serves as the basis of the new approach to solving the problem. The metadatabase is a repository containing the global model of the different applications of the enterprise and the metadata describing each application. The global model includes the interrelationships among the different applications' data models as well as the consolidated enterprise-level data semantics. In addition, the metadatabase also contains the contextual knowledge of data and the logic underlying the different applications and their interactions. Therefore, the metadatabase describes both the behavior (application logic) of each application and the enterprise's integrated behavior. A concurrent architecture is called for by the metadatabase model for information integration of multiple systems. This architecture features a distributed shell system that is based on the metadatabase. The metadatabase itself provides an integrated enterprise model for the multiple information systems, their databases, and the interactions between the different systems. The shells in the concurrent architecture implement the distributed (localized) knowledge which, in turn, is managed by the metadatabase. New concurrent knowledge methods are needed to support this environment, especially concerning distributed rulebase management.


Firstly, the damage cumulative tests of kinds of "fatigue+corrosive" models are carried out in this paper. Secondly, the effects of mechanical loading and corrosive loading on each other are studied. Finally the fatigue damage competitive model is put forward. The predict results of fatigue damage competitive model and test results at "fatigue+corrosion+fatigue" mode are in better agreement.


The most important challenge in automotive industries is to reduce global warming CO2 generation substantially to Zero. Electrification is the main trend to achieve this objective, such as EV, FCV ...


The inhibition of microorganisms by crude extracts of citrus peels was studied. The results showed that the crude extracts had good effect on bacterium, but had no effect on yeast and mould. The MICs of bacteria were 0.5g/mL; and active scope of pH was 5-6. After high temperature treatment, the crude extracts still had antimicrobial effect. Contrasting by Chloramine T, the antimicrobial effect of crude extracts exceeded that of 0.3 % Chloramine T.


Objective To assess the structure and function of heart in patients with white coat hypertension (WCH). Methods WCH and sustained hypertension (SH) were classified by clinical and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure. The structure and function of heart were measured by echocardiography. Results The LAD,IVPW and LVMI in WCH patients were larger than those in normal group but less than those in SH. The diastolic function was decreased in WCH group compared with normal groups. Conclusion There were changes of left ventricular diastolic function and remodeling of left ventricle in WCH patients,and the risk of WCH was lower than SH.


We show that the optical responses below the Mott gap can be used to probe the spin-triplet excitations in valence bond solid (VBS) phases in Mott insulators. The optical conductivity in this regime arises due to the electronic polarization mechanism via virtual electron-hopping processes. We apply this mechanism to the Hubbard model with spin–orbit couplings and/or the corresponding spin model with significant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interactions, and compute the optical conductivity of VBS states on both ideal and deformed Kagome lattices. In the case of the deformed Kagome lattice, we study the antiferromagnet Rb2Cu3SnF12 with the pinwheel VBS state. In case of the ideal Kagome lattice, we explore the optical conductivity signatures of the spin-triplet excitations for three VBS states with (1) a 12-site unit cell, (2) a 36-site unit cell with six-fold rotation symmetry, and (3) a 36-site unit cell with three-fold rotation symmetry, respectively. We find that increasing the DM interactions generally leads to broad and smooth features in the optical conductivity with interesting experimental consequences. The optical conductivity reflects the features of the spin-triplet excitations that can be measured in future experiments.


In the 1970s, marketing science in Germany was limited to the German-speaking world. My early appeal to publish in English and to change the language of German journals to English met with strong opposition from established professors. Today, 40 years later, a considerable number of German-speaking marketing scientists belong to the international top group in the Hirsch-index ranking. German journals are now publishing in English, but the transition came late, and it will be difficult to acquire A-journal status. In terms of inbound internationalization a lot remains to be done.


The Palomar High-precision Astrometric Search for Exoplanet Systems (PHASES) monitored 51 subarcsecond binary systems to evaluate whether tertiary companions as small as Jovian planets orbited either the primary or secondary stars, perturbing their otherwise smooth Keplerian motions. Twenty-one of those systems were observed 10 or more times and show no evidence of additional companions. A new algorithm is presented for identifying astrometric companions and establishing the (companion mass)–(orbital period) combinations that can be excluded from existence with high confidence based on the PHASES observations, and the regions of mass–period phase space being excluded are presented for 21 PHASES binaries.


Aiming at the drawbacks of active contour models which used gradient descent and result in local minimum easily,this paper proposed a discrete energy minimization model for image segmentation.It designed the new model based on Chan-Vese model and optimized the energy function via graph cut method.It could find a global minimum rather than a local one.To construct the new model,first step was to map the image for a graph,and then changed the level set energy function into a discrete form which should be proved graph-representable.Using the model traversed each node and its neighborhood,it computed the weights of the edges with these nodes,and got the new labels of pixels and updated the initial contour,until the energy remained constant and the contour reached the boundary of object.The major advantages of this model included the existence of global minimum and its insensitivity to initialization.Numerical implementations show that the model improves the accuracy and speeds for image segmentation.


The main problem for treatment of children with various manifestations of tuberculosis is the lack of pediatric dosages of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Considering the current problems when providing treatment it is important to use combined medications with fixed pediatric dosages, which would significantly help to simplify the administration of medications and to relieve the psychological, emotional and physical load when taking a significant number of drugs. Goal of the study: to define the efficiency of using fixed doses of the medication combing 150 mg of isoniazid, 375 mg of pyrazinamide, 150 mg of rifampicin. Clinical, X-ray and laboratory rates were assessed during treatment of 73 children suffering from respiratory tuberculosis, of them 34 children were treated by the medication combing 150 mg of isoniazid, 375 mg of pyrazinamide, 150 mg of rifampicin plus ethambutol, and the other children were treated by the standard chemotherapy. The opportunity of effective use of the medication combining 150 mg of isoniazid, 375 mg of pyrazinamide, 150 mg of rifampicin in children was confirmed by positive results by the completion of the intensive phase of treatment as well as the continuation phase and minimization of adverse reactions during treatment. The combination of active components of the medication and doses is convenient for use, allow conducting directly observed treatment and enhancing the efficiency of chemotherapy.


ABSTRACT Throughout its history the U. S. oil industry has been characterized by repeated warnings of oil shortage and continual oversupply. Cassandras of industry and government have periodically foreseen the last drop of petroleum beginning with a prediction made shortly after the discovery of Drake's well. The excess of supply has been especially painful in recent decades, as illustrated by the conditions resulting from discover of the East Texas field in the early Thirties. Oversupply--or "under-marketing"--of natural gas has been the corollary to excess oil. The waste of gas was flagrant before markets were developed for it, and these were retarded in their development by lock of transportation and distribution systems. This condition has been eliminated to the extent that the Federal Government, for the ostensible purpose of assuring future supplies of gas at "reasonable" prices, has imposed controls on prices and distribution. The oil industry today is still characterized by great oversupply and paradoxical predictions of shortage. Reasons for the domestic superabundance lie in (1) a prolific economy, where private ownership of reserves and private initiative in their development have been coupled with wise governmental policies aimed at stimulating discovery and production; (2) conservation, which has tremendously increased productive capacity; (3) technological and geological advances which have increased both discovery and recovery; (4) heavy imports of foreign oil and products; (5) to some extent, the shifting of demand to other fuels, such as natural gas; (6) an unexpected decline in demand in the past two years. Some of these causes are natural, some result from the industry's own super-efficiency, some may be attributed to the creeping paralysis of federal control, and some to public governmental complacency or indifference to the welfare of the domestic oil industry. We may reasonably expect the oil industry of the future to be characterized, again, by (1) prediction of shortage and (2) oversupply. A number of changes may be in the offing, because certain facts are now assuming importance: World oil prices are based on the U. S. price. Domination of the U. S. market by foreign oil can undermine the price structure the world over, render most U. S. oil uneconomic overnight, and cheapen even the fantastically abundant reserves of the Middle East. It remains to be seen whether the international companies and the Federal Government intend to let this happen. Foreign oil is getting more costly to the producer companies. Proprietor governments are demanding more and more of the oil dollar, and foreign companies such as those in ltaly and Japan are negotiating Middle East concessions which break the 50-50 profit tradition increasingly in favor of the governments owning the oil. Artificial cost advantages accruing to foreign production may begin disappearing. Tax differentials, tanker subsidies and the like, granted by the Federal Government to stimulate overseas development, are not likely to go on indefinitely in the face of mounting oil surpluses and the competition of foreign countries for the U. S. market. Possible action of the Federal Government could change the oil industry both here and abroad. The Justice Department is up against the question of whether U. S. antitrust laws shall apply to operations of U. S. companies in foreign lands; the posted price system is under antitrust attack; the Justice Department is openly concerned about competition, or the lack of it, in pipelining, transportation, marketing and production; the depletion provision is likely to undergo a searching analysis in Congress in the near future; and state governments are becoming increasingly aware of their powers and obligations in the field of preserving competition and maintaining good conservation. To some extent, conservation might lose out, in the future, to economics--in spite of awakened state responsibility in this field. In the effort to conserve all our oil resources, the point of diminishing returns could be reached and conservation could be outweighed by economic considerations. Some of our most precious principles of equity could come under attack, as well as some principles which are not so precious but are of long standing. The possibility of the extension of FPC control over oil production will undoubtedly draw closer unless a vigilant industry takes steps to forestall it. One of the most necessary steps is to get federal legislation removing utility-type controls from production of gas. The energy requirements of the Free World outside the United States are predicted to increase 5% per year, while the energy requirements within the United States are predicted to increase only 3% per year, which is less than was predicted some 18 months ago. There is nothing certain in this world except change. The future calls for industry statesmanship and wise leadership. The domestic industry must remain dynamic and able to meet every problem by changing in the right direction. The domestic oil industry, so vital to the economy and security of the nation, walks a narrow path between economic obsolescence, due to foreign competition and general over-supply, and on the other hand federal regulation. It must walk circumspectly and resolutely. End_of_Record - Last_Page 4---------


Objective: to investigate the association between the socio demographic and economical factors to the resilience of people who acquired physical deficiency. Methodology: it is about a descriptive and exploratory design with the quantitative approach, developed in the Foundation Center for Integrated Support for patients with Disabilities in Joao Pessoa/PB, with 69 physical deficient people. Results: The found resilience average among the population was of 138.26. In the socio demographic and economical characteristics considered, only the gender and schooling showed statistical inferences on the participants' resilience, where the condition to being men and have a satisfactory schooling level favored the adaptive capacity development. Conclusion: in this study, in despite of the low income profile and poor education, the individuals showed high resilience scores when compared to other populations. It is believed that the resilience does not depend on some factors, taking us to think this construct as a trait that can be constructed by any individual.


In this third installment of the correspondence between Ibn Sina and al-Biruni, five more questions are asked and answered. Al-Biruni rejects Aristotle's reasoning for his assertion that if the heavens were to be elliptical rather than spherical, a vacuum would be created. Al-Biruni also objects to Aristotle's assertion that the motion of the heavens begins from the right side and from the east. In his eighth question, al-Biruni asks how is it that Aristotle considered the element fire to be spherical. The ninth question deals with the movement of heat and the tenth with the transformation of elements into each other. Ibn Sina responds to all questions. Keywords: Ibn Sina-al-Biruni correspondence; shape of the heavens; criticism of Aristotle's reasoning for the spherical motion of the heavens; sublunar physics; theory of transformation of elements. (33) The Sixth Question: [Aristotle] has mentioned in Book II that [the shape of the heaven is of necessity spherical because] the oval and the lenticular shapes would require space and void whereas the sphere does not, but the matter is not so. In fact, the oval [shape] is generated by the rotation of ellipse around its major axis and the lenticular by its rotation around its minor axis. As there is no difference concerning the rotation around the axes by which they are generated, therefore none of what Aristotle mentions would occur and only the essential attributes of the spheres would follow necessarily. If the axis of rotation of the oval is its major axis and if the axis of rotation of the lenticular is its minor axis, they would revolve like the sphere, without needing an empty space (makan khal). This could happen, however, if the axis of [rotation of] the oval is its minor axis and the axis of [rotation of] the lenticular is its major axis. In spite of this, it is possible that the oval can rotate around its minor axis and the lenticular around its major axis, both moving consecutively without needing an empty space, like the movement of bodies inside the celestial sphere, according to the opinion of most people. And I am not saying this with the belief that the celestial sphere is not spherical, but oval or lenticular; I have tried hard to refute this theory but I am amazed at the reasons offered by the man of logic. (34) The Answer: Yes--may Allah lengthen your life--your objection to Aristotle is sound and I have clarified this matter in some of my writings. Every commentator [of Aristotle] has offered apologies for his views. What comes to my mind now is what Themistius has said in his commentary on Kitab al-Sama', [that is], that the Philosopher's views should be interpreted in the best possible way. So we say that no void whatsoever would result from the circular movement of the sphere, whereas this is possible in the case of the oval and lenticular shapes. Despite this apology, he still denounces Aristotle's view, for it is possible to prove that the shape of the heavens is not oval or lenticular with arguments--some of which are natural proofs and others are mathematical. And since you have a mastery of mathematics and live in a region where [numerous] experts in geometry reside, there is no need for me to go into further details. (35) Nonetheless, your assertion that no void would occur from the movement of the oval and lenticular shapes, as you have observed from the moving bodies within the celestial sphere, is not the same as [the other saying], because in the celestial sphere there are, vis a vis the moving bodies, other moving bodies touching them consecutively. As for the heavens, if it were lenticular and moved, but not around the minor axis, or if it were oval and moved, but not around the major axis, then a void would necessarily occur because there is no body beyond the heavens that would be touched by the body of the heavens during the movement, as is the case for the bodies within the heavens. (36) The Seventh Question: When [Aristotle] mentioned directions, he established that the right is the starting point for the motion of every planet; he then reversed the matter, for he said that the motion in the sky is from the east because that is the right side; and the reverse is not permissible, thus leading to a circular argument. …


In order to monitor and assess the large debris flow in Zhouqu County,multi-temporal,multi-resolution and multi-type remote sensing images of disaster area were obtained mainly by using remote sensing technology and analyzed comprehensively.Based on the actual situation and actual needs of emergency relief,disaster assessment and reconstruction after Zhouqu large debris flow,on the premise of "disaster response",the multi-source remote sensing images after the disaster were processed in order of importance.Besides,the multi-source remote sensing images after the disaster were processed through remote sensing image processing,photogrammetric survey and GIS technology,and the key technology and method of remote sensing image processing were proposed,such as image stitching,object-oriented disaster information extraction and so on.According to the actual situation of study area,the information about Zhouqu large debris flow was extracted effectively by using visual interpretation,remote sensing image classification,object-oriented variation detection and other information extraction technology,and the disaster information of landslide,debris flow,collapsed houses,damaged roads and bridges,land resources,water facilities,municipal infrastructure and so forth was determined accurately.Meanwhile,the general method to extract disaster information was summed up,with good science and operability,and fitting for the emergency monitoring and assessment of major catastrophes by using remote sensing technology.The research results provided a scientific basis for accurately grasping and scientifically assessing the situation of a disaster,then taking effective measures for disaster prevention and rescue work and reconstruction,namely having theoretical and practical significance for effectively guiding disaster prevention and mitigation.


LC-MS data of dandelion leaf tissue after direct and/or parental JA treatment: normalized peak intensity signals from nagative and positive ionisation modes. Total phenolics quantification (in tannic acid equivalents) in dandelion leaf tissue after direct and/or parental JA treatment.


Radiosurgery, often used as a follow‐up modality to surgical glue embolization for arterio‐venous‐malformations (AVM's), can be complicated by the polymerizing and contrast agents, Embucrilate and Lipiodol. Post the embolization attempt, these agents remain in the AVM nidus where they depart radiologically from tissue equivalence and thereby affect dose. A test phantom consisting of an array of deposits of embolization medium of both varying thickness and polymer / contrast concentration imbedded in solid water was constructed. For irradiation, the phantom is further imbedded in solid water at positions upstream and downstream relative to a fixed nominal target / film plane at 100 cm SAD (overall phantom thickness: 22cm; film depth: 7.0 cm.) The film placement relative to the glue media interfaces are upstream: −0.2 and 0.0 cm; and downstream: 0.0, 0.2, and 0.5 cm. Irradiations are conducted using a 5 MV radiosurgery beam (Linac system) in a wide (10 cm × 10 cm) SAD‐field setting to encompass the phantom's glue wells. Correspondence of results with narrower coned RS fields was verified. XV film results indicated dose downstream of the interface at 0.0, 0.2, and 0.5 cm was reduced 14% (±3%), 7% (±2%) , and 2% (±1%) respectively. The Lipiodol concentrations, (80%, 50%, 20% by weight) reduced maximum dose 16% (±1%), 15% (±1%), and 10% (±1%) respectively. Glue depth and thickness yielded little relative dose effect. Radiation transport calculations and radiochromic film results will also be presented.


This paper discusses the effects of the ECB ́s asset purchase programmes (APPs) on the SER spread, while the main focus is given to detail intraday analysis of implementation of the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP). The SER spread is perceived as an important indicator of interbank trust in the Eurozone and its elevated level normally signals distortion and mistrust among commercial banks with a power to spill over into the whole financial sector. Recent development on interbank markets and especially within monetary policy in the Eurozone could have impaired the ability of the SER spread to act as a proxy for global systemic risk. The SER spread in this study was constructed and calculated using relevant European financial data and the consequent analysis was made on intraday and high-frequency (HF) 2015–2017 data. The ECB ́s APP, mainly PSPP, together with other instruments of monetary policy have impact on both legs of the SER spread and this paper tries to identify and quantify the degree of this effect by detailed HF market data analysis. HF intraday approach analysis is also being implemented in order to identify which leg of the SER spread was decisive in determining the SER spread change in the first three years of the PSPP implementation. Whether it was the "sovereign bond-based leg" directly affected by the ECB's PSPP purchases or the "interbank lending / STIR-based leg".


Autonomous Power Generator Systems (AGPSs) are devices which supply small local electricity networks. From the point of view of the customer, the local networks should be treated in a similar way as public ones. To date there is not in force any normative document dealing with the radio frequency disturbances propagating from public electricity networks as well as from the APGSs, via output power cable toward the load. In this paper the problem is approached. By the lack of regulations, the Authors based the investigation on requirements defined in the standards concerning radio frequency emission of disturbance from the device to the public electricity networks. The novelty of the paper focuses on the design methodology of the EMI RF filter for the 4-leg VSI with the LC filter in which there is common neutral and Protective Earth (PE) wire inside the APGS, but for the customer connected to the APGS five terminals must be accessible. It forces splitting of the neutral and PE wire in the RF filter. The Authors propose a three stage RF filter which suppresses disturbances in a satisfactory way. Decomposition of voltages in the VSI with the Clarke and inverse Clarke transformation gives good insight into the distribution of disturbances. This will help in the future to design precisely the topology and parameters of the RF filter.


The radiation characteristic of a single antenna is analyzed by using the theory of microwave network,and the scattering matrix equation of coupling system of near-field antenna is obtained.The result shows that radiation characteristic of the antenna can be determined if the characteristics of the used probe are given and two orthogonal polarizations of the probe are measured.


In the paper the notions of organizational and corporative culture are analyzed; correlation between professional and corporative training, as well as some approaches to forming corporative culture are considered.


The first reaction of plants to stress factors, including cadmium, is activation of signal transduction pathways leading to the mobilization of defense mechanisms. In a recent study we have demonstrated that cadmium causes a rapid induction of several genes associated with cellular signaling in soybean seedlings. Here we show that nitric oxide can be an important signaling molecule mediating observed increase in genes expression under short-term cadmium stress.


Along with the positive economic impact brought by the Chinese market, the negative social impacts have been the cultural clashes which have been reflected through complaints and comments made through several media. This study aimed to examine how the Thai hosts consisting of 401 respondents, working in the tourism industry including hotel staff, tour guides, tour operators and airline flight attendants, perceive the behaviors of the Chinese tourists or their guests. The behaviors studied were identified by reviewing bulletins, discussion boards, reviews and comments on online media. A previous study of similar topic done in Macao was closely reviewed.  19 behaviors of the Chinese tourists were perceived by the Thai hosts as frequent and annoying. These behaviors, which require immediate attention to, included talking loudly in public, making noise eating in a restaurant, rushing into a place/vehicle in a chaotic manner, bumping into/shoving others in a crowd, shouting/calling others in a hotel/public place, spilling food on the table, cutting a queue, allowing children to run around disturbing others, smoking in a non-smoking area, getting into the elevator/vehicle before others get off, walking obstructing others in the footpath, not caring to observe or learn local customs, littering carelessly, dropping cigarette butts, spitting in public, not flushing the toilet after use, not observing or breaking local traffic rules, wearing indecent clothes /not observing local dress code, and expecting to be served before locals. The relevant stakeholders should pay attention to these 19 behaviors as they occurred frequently and were annoying to the hosts. Other 19 behaviors were perceived to be annoying. However, they occurred less frequently. These behaviors have to be watched out. Three behaviors can be ignored as they were not annoying and not frequent. The tourist's trying to get a bargain took place frequently but it was considered not annoying. Therefore, this behavior is of low priority. The conclusion gave some ideas on how to deal with the frequent and annoying behaviors.


Nationality occupying system is the dependency of yellow-book system in the early stage of Ming Dynasty,and the government classifies its population by it.At that time,in the background of having a massive floating population,it was regarded as an effective way in managing the nationalities of both fixed and floating populations.It made the government be capable of controlling part of floating population and,at the same time,it made the floating population obtain identify and equal social status at the local places they lived in.And,it is the special virtue of the nationality occupying system that made it revolute in Ming Dynasty,and become a kind of way to control the floating population and realize identity.


Aim: To evaluate the relationship between endometrial sampling indications and histopathological results at a local center Material and Methods: 655 patients with abnormal bleeding applied to Agri State Hospital and had endometrial sampling between January 2014-March 2016 were included in this study. Ethics committee approval and patient records were obtained from hospital automation system.The relationship between endometrial biopsy indications and histopathological results were examined. SPSS 22 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 47.3 ± 6.6. The indications were menorrhagia / menometroraghia (82.6%), postmenopausal bleeding (%14.2), myoma uteri (%2) and cervical polyp (%1.2). The most common histopathological result was endometrial polpys (%53,5) the others respectively; secretory/proliferative endometrium (%26.1), insufficient material (%8.7), atrophy (%5.64), endometrial hyperplasia (%3.2), endometritis (%1.9), endometrial cancer (%0.3), myom uteri (%0.3) and other (%0,15). Conclusion: Endometrial polyp was almost most common result in all biopsy indications. Sonohysterography and diagnostic hysteroscopy can be used in addition to endometrial sampling. An endometrial sampling has to be performed if endometrial cancer risk factors exist in patients with leiomyoma planning surgery. Due to the common togethership between endometrial polyps and cervical polyps, endometrial evaluation is needed in patients with cervical polyp.