Nonprofit arts organizations not only struggle to apply traditional program design and evaluation techniques to artistic outcomes but also have limited capacity in carrying out such practices that are essential to sound programs and organizational learning. This research positions graduate-level service-learning programs both as a solution for arts organizations with limited capacity in program design and as a robust pedagogical tool for students studying program theory in the nonprofit context. Framed by the complexities facing nonprofit arts organizations in employing traditional management techniques, I describe a graduate-level service-learning project that offers evidence of impact for increased organizational and student learning. Additionally, the research provides lessons learned for equivalent experiential learning settings, specifically in the nonprofit arts context. Subscribe to JNEL


The fuel cell electric vehicles require a dc‐dc converter as a power interface to match the fuel cell voltage to the dc bus. By considering the soft characteristics of the fuel cell source, this work introduces a non‐isolated high quadratic step‐up (HQSU) converter with a wide‐range voltage gain and continuous source current. The proposed converter comprises two synchronously operated active switches and two inductors; it adopts a switched capacitor cell to improve the voltage gain and reduce the voltage stress of the output side components. Further, this work discusses the HQSU converter in terms of operation, steady‐state analysis, design considerations, and non‐ideal and dynamic analysis. In addition, the comprehensive comparison with recent quadratic converters suggests that the proposed HQSU converter has the advantages of higher voltage gain, high effectiveness index, low total voltage stress, and lower SDP rating, along with common ground and non‐inverted output. Furthermore, a 200 W laboratory prototype is fabricated to validate the theoretical findings. The experimental results confirm the good steady‐state and dynamic behavior of the proposed HQSU converter, which achieved an efficiency of 94.2% at rated power.


A superconducting coil may be damaged by ohmic heating in itself when quench occurs. Therefore it is necessary to detect quench as fast as possible and to protect the superconducting coil from its overheating. However the conventional electric quench-detecting system is vulnerable to the electromagnetic noise, so it is required the high sensitive and reliable quench-detecting system. In this paper, we propose a partial active power detecting method as a new type of the quench-detecting system. The active power consumed in the coil is used as the quench-detection. That is, when the active power gets to or is greater than the some threshold, it is recognized as quench in the coil. The active power has DC component in general. Therefore low pass filter (LPF) is available to eliminate the electromagnetic noise superposed on the detecting system. In order to deal with only the active power, reactive power is cancelled beforehand by the differential method. This detecting method is useful for the both cases of DC and AC power circuit. Experimental results show that this method is useful to detect the quench in the superconducting coil.


In order to overcome traditional BP neural network's problem of trapping to a local optimum in prediction of urban water quantity,the gray neutral network model(GNNM) was created by combining BP neural network with gray theory,which can realize the mutual supplement with advantages of these two methods.The PSO-GNNM(1,N) algorithm was formed by using particle swarm optimization to optimize initialized weights and threshold of GNNM.By comparison with the predicted results of traditional BP neural network and gray theory forecasting method,this algorithm had little prediction error and better generalization performance,which can provide technical support for prediction of urban water quantity.


To study the effect of extract of Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb on mouse major organs and antioxidant effect,24 mice were randomly divided into four groups,respectively.The normal control group,high dose group,middle dose group and low dose group.After feeding four weeks,anatomy,weigt and organ index of the mice was calculated.Spectrophotometry method is used for the measurement the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and GSH on heart,lung,hepatic,renal,kidney and uterus on mice.The results showed that it can significantly decrease the MDA contents,increase the activity of SOD and GSH contents.It was concluded that the antioxidation effect of the extracts of Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb was an important mechanism on the main organs.


Arbitration in Hungary - National report - XIV World Congress of IAPL.At the field of arbitration a significant change in this situation occurred in 1988 in Hungary, when, within a narrow circle, the Act on Business Associations rendered arbitration possible again. In the decade following the political transformation, possibilities of recourse to arbitral tribunals became continuously extended. The present regulation is contained in Act LXXI of 1994 on Arbitration (Arbitration Act), which was created on the basis of the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985. The study deals with the following issues: attractiveness and flexibility of arbitration, their impartiality and independence, the judicial support, measures to prevent court proceedings inconsistent with arbitration agreement, control of awards, recognition etc.


A conceptual author's opinion on the urban environment development and the city of the future in the context of «Axiodemy» concept is presented in this article. The city is aimed at becoming a comfortable and eco-friendly environment.


The new curriculum of senior high schools takes the responsibility for students' future life by serving students' present learning and meeting their study needs.So it requests clearing up the duality opposition between serving present learning life and making preparations for adult life in future by the reciprocity of academic and career development.The career development of new curriculum of senior high school focuses on the individual adaptation,social adaptation and vocational adaptation which are closely related to the individual life-long occupation,entertainment,society and public rations.The essential factors of career development include learning results,learning contents,learning experience,evaluation and certificates,and its value is presented through goals,career programming,forms and activities.


When a personal computer system is equipped with a slow CPU and small memory, whatever improvements may be added to the software will not significantly improve the overall performance of the system. The same can be said of the judicial system. When the numbers of courts, judges, and practicing attorneys are kept small, improvements to the civil procedure rules will not significantly affect the overall performance of the civil courts. The Code of Civil Procedure of Japan was revised in 1996, and the New Code became effective on January 1, 1998. By comparing the case statistics [number of cases disposed of per year (efficacy), the period from filing to disposition (speed), and the number of evidence taking procedures (quality) at the district courts] under the New Code to those under the old Code, we can find little improvement in the overall performance of civil procedure. This paper is organized as follows. I first provide an overview of Japan's civil justice system and the New Code of Civil Procedure. I then analyze the reasons for the revision, the process by which these revisions were accomplished, and the substance of the revisions. Finally, I examine the Japanese features of law reform and evaluate the New Code's success.


Low birthrates are hardly unique to Russia ("Tumbledown pyramid," Random Samples, [14 Feb., p. 933][1]). Recent estimates (see "Social indicators" at ) show equally low total fertility rates of 1.2 births per woman in Hong Kong and Spain and rates nearly as low


I suggest the author to revise the paper being as close as possible to the recommendations formulated by the referees and resubmit it within a reasonable time. The author should consider more specifically the principal comment made by all referees on justification that the obtained results reflect the differences between the compared downscaling models (dynamical LM and empirical EOFs) rather than the differences between two forecast systems (DWD GME and ECMWF IFS) containing these models.


AIM: To establish a dot immunofiltration method for the detection of anti HAV IgM. METHODS: Anti human IgMμ coated on nitrocellulose membrane was used capture IgM antibodies in human sera. HAV Ag was added as a bridge to connect the captured IgM with colloidal gold labeled anti HAV IgG. Red dots were considered positive. Optimal concentration of agents were decided by comparing the accuracy of data obtained from different tests. RESULTS: Compared with well recognized standard, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay were 93.5% and 98.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: This method, specific, sensitive and economical, can be used for the primary diagnosis and epidemiological screening.


This article explores the ways in which abilities to search information and evaluate sources, and critical understanding of these activities are addressed in the Swedish curriculum for compulsory school, preschool classes and recreation centres (Lgr11). The article is based on a qualitative textual analysis of Lgr11 and grounded in a socio-material understanding of technology, information and its use. The analysis shows that search engines and other infrastructures for information provision in society are regarded as neutral infrastructures in the curriculum. This is problematic when attempting to achieve critical media and information literacies.


Helicobacter pylorus is an established cause of gastric cancer (GC). The effect of H. pylori eradication on subsequent development of metachronous tumors or dysplasia after endoscopic resection is controversial.

Investigators at a single center in Korea retrospectively assessed whether H. pylori infection eradication was associated with reduced risk for GC or dysplasia in 283 patients treated for early GC with endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD). All …


The civil construction sector directly impacts the development of a nation. On the other hand, it consumes a large amount of energy, natural resources and the sector with the highest waste disposal. The concern with the environmental impact caused by the development of this field has been the subject of several researches. Most of the studies converge on the recycling of waste generated and the reinsertion of these materials in the construction cycle. In this work we investigated the loss of moisture and the resistance to mechanical compression of adobes produced with recyclable mortar, crushed eggshell residues and hydrated with different dosages of vinasse and water. The materials were processed manually, pressed in a hydraulic press and cured for 7 and 14days. The study of the granulometry of the crushed raw material was carried out. During the curing process, moisture loss was studied. The specimens were tested by measures of resistance to mechanical compression. The results of moisture loss and mechanical tests showed, for one of theproposed features, values close to the standards required by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, indicating that these residues can be a promising alternative for the manufacture of bricks and contribute to reducing the impact environmental and water resource savings.


1. Essays: 1. Modern Terror: History and Special Features David C. Rapoport 2. Dagger and Sarin: The Evolution of Terrorist Weapons and Tactics Adam Dolnik and Rohan Gunaratna 3. Ethnic Terrorism: Themes and Variations Dennis Pluchinsky 4. Left- and Right-wing Political Terrorism David W. Brannan 5. Religion and the New Terrorism Mark Juergensmeyer 6. On the Nature of Religious Terrorism Adam Dolnik and Rohan Gunaratna 7. State Uses of Terrorism James Lutz and Brenda Lutz 8. Counter-Terrorism Thomas Mockaitis 2. A-Z Glossary 3. Maps and Statistics 4. Select Bibliography


This article discusses the role played by regulatory intermediaries including non-state actors, professional associations and transnational networked agencies during the transposition of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive into Spanish national legislation. It aims to fill in the
 gap in prior research by extending the application of the Regulator‐Intermediary‐Target (RIT) theoretical framework to the field of audiovisual media regulation. The analysis focuses on the transposition stages of the Directive after the date of entering into force on 19 December
 2018, up to 19 September 2020. Data are taken from publicly available national sources and European databases. Results show that the RIT framework helps to single out the main initiatives undertaken by relevant Spanish authorities and institutional players, their methods and responses to policy
 challenges. Mapping out regulatory intermediaries and network of relationships established among multiple actors facilitates our understanding on the complex forms of audiovisual governance and implementation of European law.


The intensification of heat transfer using two-phase boiling flow in mini-channels is widely used to dissipate the high heat fluxes in miniaturized electronic devices. However, the process itself is not fully recognized and still requires experimental studies and developing computation methods appropriate for them. The main aim of this work was the mathematical modeling of time-dependent heat transfer process in FC-72 flow boiling in a mini-channel heat sink with five parallel mini-channels of 1 mm depth. Channels have an asymmetrically heated wall while its outer temperature was measured by infrared thermography. The opposite wall of the mini-channels was transparent, helping to record flow patterns due to a high-speed digital camera. The objective of the numerical calculations was to determine the heat transfer coefficient on the wall-fluid contact surface from the Robin boundary condition. The problem was solved using methods based on the Trefftz-type functions. Three mathematical methods were applied in calculations: the FEM with Trefftz type basis functions, the Classical Trefftz Method, and the Hybrid Picard-Trefftz Method. The results were compared with the values of the heat transfer coefficient obtained from theoretical correlations from the literature.


Two pot experiments were carried out during two successive seasons and sowing at two dates, early date and normal date to study the effect of early sowing date at high temperature and presoaking in yeast extract (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and nicotinamide (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/l) on growth, yield components and some biochemical aspects of Pisum sativum L. plant. The early date of sowing at high temperature in general caused significant decreases in shoot length, number of shoot and leaves per plant, fresh and dry weights of shoots. Also, high temperature caused reductions in yield components (number of pods/plant, pods wt/plant, seeds wt/pod, seeds wt /plant and 100 seeds wt), photosynthetic pigments and indole acetic acid (IAA) content concomitantly with increases in total soluble sugars (TSS), free amino acids, proline and phenolic contents. Soaking of Pisum sativum L. seeds in yeast extract or nicotinamide at the two date of sowing significantly increased growth and yield components concomitantly with increases in the amounts of IAA, photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, these treatments caused more significant increases in TSS, free amino acids, proline and phenolic contents.


The degree of inequality of selected fiscal variables between a big city school district (the school district of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and the top spending school districts in the same state was studied across time. Comparisons were made on the basis of size and location of districts and the following variables: expenditures, wealth, local revenue, state revenue, and federal revenue per student. The study was conducted during a period of conflict between the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the School District of Philadelphia over the state's funding of the district. Data were extracted from reports from the state department of education. Philadelphia educates 12% of the state's students. Study findings suggest that the state's efforts to compensate for the needs of the big city still leaves a wide gap between the fiscal capabilities of the big city and the state's 25 top spending districts. State legislators need to be aware that their actions on fiscal policy have much more impact on the big city than on the top spending districts, which are much more dependent on local politics. A glossary is attached. (Contains 2 tables, 5 graphs, and 11 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 8th Annual National Conference on Creating the Quality School Memphis, Tennessee BIG CITY RESOURCE INEQUALITIES THE PHILADELPHIA STORY Donald L. Walters, Ed.D.


This article is based on study among women who 'married' other women in Iceland. It reveals complexity and controversial issues of visibility and acceptance, and illustrates the differing reception that same-sex partnership recognition receives in public, within families and within the non-heterosexual community in general. While same-sex partnership recognition has the potential to shape public opinion in positive ways, marriage neither guarantees acceptance from family nor does it automatically lead to visibility. These findings are interesting in light of the growing body of literature on the fading importance of tradition, growing individualization and the decline of the nuclear family, as they act to complicate such claims, showing that it is precisely through traditional family rituals that acceptance of same-sex relationships is communicated in small close-knit communities.


Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Geriatric Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Responsiveness of Gait Speed to Physical Exercise Interventions in At-risk Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis


BACKGROUND
Total mesorectal excision (TME) was described 20 years ago and is now being established as the therapeutic gold standard for middle and lower third rectal cancers in a number of countries worldwide.

METHODS
The authors reviewed published data regarding TME since its first description in 1982. Emphasis was placed on basic principles, achievable recurrence rates, evidence for use of adjunctive strategies, and the potential of TME.

RESULTS
Local recurrence rates following TME approximate 6.6% from published series, accounting for more than 5,000 patients. The available evidence for TME is largely composed of retrospective series, although benefits of TME compare favorably to established conventional controls. Recent studies have clarified the benefit of adjunctive radiotherapy with TME. There is considerable scope for development of TME within the minimal access setting, providing first principles are observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite initial controversy, TME is now a feasible, reproducible, adjunctive surgical therapy in the management of rectal cancer.


Psycho-analytic theory has always viewed trauma or traumatic phenomena as an integral part of normal psychological development, hence the psycho-analytical therapist is well positioned to comment upon the apparently immutable effects of severe trauma upon the personality. Freud addressed this issue at several points in his writings, with many of his ideas, old and new, culminating in the now famous metapsychological essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920).


Key Points Isolated and comutated DDX41 myeloid neoplasms have different characteristics. DDX41-mutated AML has a relatively favorable outcome comparable to core binding factor AML.


In order to explore the current situation of the humanistic quality of the students in agricultural colleges and universities,this paper studied the thought trend of the students by the form of questionnaire.The results showed that the phenomena of humanistic knowledge shortage,humanistic spirit lack and humanistic behavior misconduct of the students were ubiquitous.Considering these,this paper put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the humanistic quality education of the students in agricultural colleges and universities.


Context. In Papers I and II of this series, we have found clear indications of the existence of two distinct populations of stars in the solar neighborhood belonging to the metal-rich end of the halo metallicity distribution function. Based on high-resolution, high S/N spectra, it is possible to distinguish between "high-alpha" and "low-alpha" components using the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram. Aims. Precise relative ages and orbital parameters are determined for 67 halo and 16 thick-disk stars having metallicities in the range −1.4 < [Fe/H]< −0.4 to better understand the context of the two halo populations in the formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Methods. Ages are derived by comparing the positions of stars in the logTeff–log g diagram with isochrones from the Y 2 models interpolated to the exact [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] values of each star. The stellar parameters have been adopted from the preceding spectroscopic analyses, but possible systematic errors in Teff and log g are considered and corrected. With space velocities from Paper I as initial conditions, orbital integrations have been carried out using a detailed, observationally constrained Milky Way model including a bar and spiral arms. Results. The "high-alpha" halo stars have ages 2–3 Gyr larger than the "low-alpha" ones, with some probability that the thick-disk stars have ages intermediate between these two halo components. The orbital parameters show very distinct differences between the "high-alpha" and "low-alpha" halo stars. The "low-alpha" ones have rmax's to 30–40 kpc, zmax's to ≈18 kpc, and emax's clumped at values greater than 0.85, while the "high-alpha" ones, rmax's to about 16 kpc, zmax's to 6–8 kpc, and emax values more or less uniformly distributed over 0.4–1.0. Conclusions. A dual in situ-plus-accretion formation scenario best explains the existence and characteristics of these two metal-rich halo populations, but one remaining defect is that this model is not consistent regarding the rmax's obtained for the in situ "high-alpha" component; the predicted values are too small. It appears that ω Cen may have contributed in a significant way to the existence of the "low-alpha" component; recent models, including dynamical friction and tidal stripping, have produced results consistent with the present mass and orbital characteristics of ω Cen, while at the same time including extremes in the orbital parameters as great as those of the "low-alpha" component.


The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual auditing framework (CAF), which can help the organizations that experience difficulties with current ISO 9001 auditing to achieve their desired benefits with regard to the auditing of conformance, performance, risk management and improvement collectively.,A literature review was undertaken to identify the audit limitations and the program strategies that were reported in literature to overcome these limitations. The relevant audit standard (ISO 9001:2015) and guidelines (ISO 19011:2011 and ISO 19011:2018) have also been reviewed to determine the gap in relation to this purpose.,Most of the previous suggestions to overcome the difficulties of the current ISO 9001 auditing were to focus on processes in addition to ISO 9001 clauses and to apply the two principles of "Process Approach" and "Improvement" of ISO 9001, by having the manner of integration of their risk-based thinking concept and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) approaches, respectively, within audit. However, this integration also has limitations such as the desire for implementing risk management program and the necessity for applying LSS approach. Therefore, a CAF was developed to enhance the ISO 9001 quality audit. It suggests the integration of 12 management tools that are connected to the seven principles of ISO 9001:2015 severally and collectively. The selected tools ought to be linked to the audit limitations that have been previously reported in the literature, and connected with the complaints of the organizations that experience difficulties with current ISO 9001 auditing. Auditing of conformance/performance, risk management and improvement in combination can be assured by upgrading, testing and validating this CAF.,Utilizing the ISO 9001 quality audit in a way that helps organizations to audit performance, risk management and improvement in combination by changing the auditing approach from ISO 9001 elements to ISO 9001 principles and by learning from the experience of business excellence models implementers in development of the Performance measurement frameworks and in converting the concepts and principles into practice.


Supraglottic airway devices have been used as safe alternatives to endotracheal intubation in appropriate types of surgery. This was a prospective, randomised, single blind study comparing the use of LMATM and SLIPATM in terms of ease of insertion, haemodynamic changes and occurrence of adverse effects (e.g. blood stains on the device upon removal and sore throat). A total of 62 ASA I or II patients, aged between 18 to 70 years were recruited for this study. Patients were randomised into two groups; LMATM and SLIPATM group. Following induction of anaesthesia, an appropriate sized LMATM or SLIPATM was inserted after ensuring adequate depth of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. The ease of insertion was graded and haemodynamic changes were recorded at 2 minute intervals up to 10 minutes after insertion of the airway devices. The presence of blood stains upon airway device removal at the end of surgery and incidence of sore throat was also recorded. No difficult insertion was experienced in either of these devices. Insertion was either easy [LMATM 87.1% versus SLIPATM 80.6% (p = 0.49)] or moderate [LMATM 12.9% versus SLIPATM 19.4% (p = 0.16)]. Throughout the study period, the haemodynamic changes that occurred in both groups were not statistically different. Traces of blood were noted on the surface of the device in 9.7% of patients in the SLIPATM group versus 6.5% of patients in the LMATM group. The incidence of sore throat was recorded in 12.9% versus 19.4% of patients in the SLIPATM and the LMATM groups respectively. These findings were not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study showed no significant differences between the use of LMATM and SLIPATM in terms of ease of insertion, haemodynamic changes and adverse effects in patients undergoing minor surgical procedures.


Quantitative ion exchange and 4π counting techniques have been used to measure the yields of four nuclides not previously determined by mass spectrometric analysis. Values of 6.57, 6.30, 4.74, and 5.71% were obtained respectively for Ba139, La141, Sr89, and Sr91 relative to a value of 6.32% for the yield of Ba140. A precision better than 1.3% was achieved in the measurements.


After her termination as a Friends writers' assistant, Amaani Lyle filed suit for harassment and discrimination. In response, writers defended their professional authority over the writing process, facing two related tensions. First, Lyle v. Warner Bros. emphasized frictions between artistic freedom and social responsibility, amid concerns about a lack of diversity among writers. Second, the case also spotlighted the ambivalence of writers' artistic status, within a collaborative and vertically integrated system of production. Focusing on problems of organization and profession, this article explores writers' negotiations of these tensions as negotiations of their role in a complex industry.


Abstract : The goal of this application is to investigate how a microRNA, namely miR183, can disrupt the expression of a critical molecule, DAP12, that controls tumoricidal function in human Natural Killer (NK) Cells and to understand how nicotine, contained in tobacco smoke, utilizes this mechanism to abort immunity against lung cancer. In addition, we seek to explore the viability of targeting miR183 to restore NK cells as a new form of immunotherapy for early stage lung cancer. We have encountered problems with nicotine instability and work is still in progress to identify conditions to probe the effect of nicotine on NK cells. However, nicotine instability is not an issue in vivo and we have collected blood samples from tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users and past smokers to compare with never smokers for NK function. In terms of anti-miR183 therapeutics, we found that PLGA nanoparticles are readily taken up by NK cells but do not enter the lysosome, thus are not degraded within the NK cell. Nanoparticles will next be loaded with anti-sense miR183 to confirm that NK cell preloaded with anti-miR183 will resist TGFb suppression.


It is evident that credibility and authenticity are integrated and every leader that does what they do begins in their mind, and this will be articulated in their words, which will be translated into their actions. Over time those actions become who they are, determining the credibility they earn and shape the legacy they leave behind (Kouzes & Posner, 2011). Honesty remains the most important leadership attribute. It is evident that this is how leaders earn respect from their employees. Such leaders do what they say and deliver on their commitments and promises. Credible leaders are forward looking and they know how to communicate a clear and convincing vision of how things could and should be done. They are dynamic, inspiring, enthusiastic, optimistic, uplifting and positive (Kouzes & Posner, 2003). Such leaders are equally competent, having a winning track record with the skills and techniques to get the job done.
Key words: Leadership, Credibility & Authenticity.


More than half the world's population lives in areas that are classified as urban. In developing countries, a substantial and growing proportion lives in or around metropolitan areas and large cities, including the zone termed the 'periurban interface', where their livelihoods depend to some extent on natural resources such as land for food, water and fuel, and space for living.


Based on the results of observations of class VII5 students of SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru in the Academic Year 2017/2018 the researchers saw: There are still students who have not been maximal in doing basic techniques of long service badminton. There are still students who are still wrong in carrying out basic techniques of long service badminton. Not yet known the level of ability of long service in badminton games in class VII5 SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru Academic Year 2017/2018. This type of research is a classroom action research consisting of 2 variables. The population in this study were all students of class VII5 of SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru in 2017/2018 Academic Year totaling 30 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling with a variety of considerations from the researchers thus the number of samples in this study amounted to 30 students. The test instrument used was a long service forehand badminton performance. Based on the results of the long service forehand badminton study using the playing method on class VII5 students of SMP Negeri 35 Pekanbaru in the Academic Year 2017/2018, the average ability of students in the first cycle of badminton using the playing method was categorized Good with a percentage of 86.67%.
Keyword : The result of a long service forehand badminton, Play Method.


Abstract When contemporary philosophers discuss the nature of knowledge, or conduct debates that the nature of knowledge is relevant to, they typically treat all knowledge as propositional. However, recent introductory epistemology texts and encyclopedia entries often mention three kinds of knowledge: (i) propositional knowledge, (ii) abilities knowledge, and (iii) knowledge of things/by acquaintance. This incongruity is striking for a number of reasons, one of which is that what kinds of knowledge there are is relevant to various debates in philosophy. In this paper I focus on this point as it relates to the third kind of knowledge mentioned above – knowledge of things. I start by supposing that we have knowledge of things, and then I show how this supposition reshapes various debates in philosophy.


After years of seemingly unrestricted growth, the housing market has turned and is deteriorating fast. Housing construction and sales have slowed dramatically, foreclosures have skyrocketed and mortgage rates have increased modestly despite the Federal Reserve's easing of monetary policy. Given the increasingly high dependency of the wood products industry on housing markets, one can only wonder how the industry is doing.


This book examines the legal accountability associated with government
policies in the Indonesian legal system. It explores legal issues with regard
to law making and law enforcement, specifically the events that resulted in
the unjust charges leveled against several government officials in the aftermath
of the 1997 economic meltdown. Using a comparative study of central bank
responses during financial crises in Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the United
States of America, Germany, and Indonesia, the book offers a solution utilizing
the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) to achieve efficient and just policies. The
application of EAL in all levels of the government will assist in analyzing and
revealing potential impacts for decision makers. This book is a call to action
for the Indonesian government and its people to learn from past experiences
and look toward a brighter and prosperous Indonesia through the blending of
law and economics to achieve social welfare maximization.

Contents:
Forewords
Introduction
Chapter I An Economy unleashed
Chapter II A Comparative search
Chapter III The Making of Law and Economics
Chapter IV The Game
Chapter V Economic analysis of law; a viable solution
Chapter VI Economic analysis of law in the United States of America
Chapter VII The Solution applied
Chapter VIII The Solution justified
Chapter IX Looking ahead
Conclusion


The pollen-tube growth was compared between self-pollinated [Wuzibayueju(Citrus reticulata)×Wuzibayueju],and cross-pollinated [Wuzibayueju×Bayueju(C.reticulata)].The self-and cross-compatibility of Wuzibayueju was observed under a UV microscope by the fluorescence of the callose deposits of pollen tubes.The results showed that the growth of self-and cross-pollen tubes in the stigma,style and ovary were normal,and they could enter the embryo sac and fertilized.Average seed number of self-and cross-pollinated fruit was both above 15.The results suggested that Wuzibayueju was self-compatible,and self-incompatibility was not the seedless reason of Wuzibayueju.


Sprinkler systems (hereinafter, SP systems) are one of the important fire safety measures with respect to building fire safety. However, with the exception of the relaxation of the fire compartment, the current architectural design does not take into significant consideration the effects of SP systems. If the effects of SP systems could be applied in architectural design, it would allow greater flexibility in the design and would improve the current fire safety measures. Activating an SP system induces air flow that brings smoke accumulated in the upper ceiling area down to the lower area (hereinafter, downward air flow).[1] On the other hand, the downward air flow changes the air flow in the entire compartment, which may influence the entraining behavior of the fire plume. Current research commonly makes use of Zukoski's and Heskestad's models in order to estimate the flow rate of the fire plume. However, the compartmental setting of these models is controlled and the influence of the ambient air flow that is changed by the water discharge is not taken into account. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of the water discharge on the fire plume by calculating the fire plume from the models of Zukoski and Heskestad and comparing it with the fire plume as obtained from an experiment involving an actual-size fire compartment.


In Smart Grid, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is the most significant tool which provides voltage and current phasor that are synchronized in absolute time reference using global positioning system commonly known as Synchrophasor. This paper presents the methodology for Optimal Placement of Phasor measurement unit (OPP) using Binary Linear Integer Programming (BLIP) with binary decision variables (0, 1) for minimizing the cost of installation to provide complete observability of the power system under normal and islanding condition. The optimal placement is attained by ranking the solutions using redundancy of the system. In this paper, the placement of PMU is realized with several cases namely conventional flow measurement, with zero injection and without zero injection. The best optimal location is one, a bus with maximum BOI, SORI and redundancy index. The feasibility and effectiveness of propounded method is tested in IEEE 7, 9, 14 and 30 bus system using Matlab R2018 software. The results obtained have shown, the proffered method of PMU placement is fast and more accurate with excellent computational efficiency.


For the United States of America, the wealthiest and most powerful country in the world, the question of what to do about the poor in our midst is a haunting question. How do the poor impact our economy and political system—our freedom and well-being—our rights and privileges? How does American prosperity affect the poor? The United States has to address the problem because of concern for the very ideals that are American. It also has to address the problem because widespread poverty leads inevitably to social unrest. For Christians, the question of what to do about the poor raises even more critical concerns. How does God want the poor to be treated? What does the Bible say? What is our responsibility as individuals and as part of the church to our poor neighbors? How should Christians try to influence the political and economic systems? Social welfare programs and policies are a response to questions that arise in each generation. Why should we care about the poor? How do we determine who deserves help and who does not? Should we attempt to change individual hearts or change social structures in order to alleviate poverty? Who is responsible for the poor? Programs and policies always reflect our values about the nature of poor people and our responsibility to them. What we do as a society about poverty, what programs and policies we develop, depends on how we answer these questions. Like music in a symphony, there have been themes that recur in the relationship between programs and policies that serve the poor and the belief systems that inform them. The political, economic, and social context gives shape to particular programs and policies that emphasize specific beliefs that vary in different historic periods. Political, economic, and social conditions interact with belief systems in unpredictable ways at various times to influence views of poverty (Dobelstein, 1986). This chapter highlights some of those themes as they have been experienced through history and how Christian faith and practice have intersected with the public arena to address needs.


A new species of the genus Euricrium is described-Euricrium edwardsi sp. n.-from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Additional material of E. varians is identified and illustrated, expanding the known distribution of the species. E. unimacula (Lane), n.com. is redescribed based on the female holotype and illustrated, and formally transferred to Euricrium. A key for the Neotropical species of Euricrium is presented and comments are made on the known diversity of the genus.


The subject of this research is the legal regime of social franchising in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the social emerging between the actors of social franchising. The article outlines the essential characteristics of social franchising on the basis of existing research and effective legislation of the foreign countries. Attention is given to the role of the phenomenon under review within the franchising system and its related to the concession agreement. The article explores the existing legal regulation of social franchising in the Russian Federation and formulates the conclusion on purposefulness of its improvement. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of social franchising from the legal perspective, determination of its role within the system of the types of franchising, and recommendations for the improvement of the corresponding legal regime. The conclusion is made that social franchising represents the system of relations that are based on the contract on the exercise of exclusive rights. Similar to commercial franchising, the central place is held by the intellectual-legal and obligatory aspect of relations, but the fundamental difference lies is the vector towards fulfillment of the socially useful functions, alleviation of social problems, and rendering aid to vulnerable population. The development of this institution requires elaboration of the special legislation, since the norms of the Chapter 54 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation do not correspond with the established practice of social franchising.


This work is mainly concerned with the strength of connections between vertices with respect to the number of vertexor edge-disjoint paths. As we shall see, this is equivalent to the question of how many nodes or edges must be removed from a graph to destroy all paths between two (arbitrary or specified) vertices. We review algorithms which • checkk-vertex (k-edge) connectivity, • compute the vertex (edge) connectivity, and • compute the maximal k-connected components of a given graph. After a few definitions we present some important theorems which summarize fundamental properties of connectivity and which provide a basis for understanding the algorithms in the subsequent sections. We give an introduction to minimum cuts and their properties, and discuss a structure for representing all minimum cuts, called cactus. Afterwards, we review connectivity algorithms that are based on network flow techniques. As examples for non-flow-based approaches, we summarize randomized connectivity algorithms and discuss a very simple algorithm for the (global) minimum capacity cut problem. The computation of biconnected, strongly connected, and triconnected components is considered in the penultimate section. The last section gives references for advanced topics and further reading. 1 Definitions An undirected graphG = (V, E) is connectedif for each pair of verticesv, w ∈ V there is a path from v to w. Graphs that are not connected are called disconnected . For a given undirected graph G = (V, E), a connected component of G is an induced subgraph G′ = (V ′, E ′) that is connected and maximal (i.e., there is no connected subgraph G′′ = (V ′′, E ′′) with V ′′ ⊃ V ′). Checking whether a graph is connected and finding all its connected components can be done in time O(n + m) using depth-first search (DFS) or breadth-first search (BFS).


[Objective] The aim was to explore the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana on tobacco aphid.[Method] The pathogenicity of four Beauveria bassiana(B-1,B-2,B-3 and B-4)strains on the tobacco budworm was studied.[Result] Different tested Beauveria bassiana strains had different levels of insecticidal effect on tobacco aphids.The corrected mortality of tobacco budworm treated by B-3 was more than 95%;the mortality rates of conidia of B-1 and B-2 strains against tobacco aphid were over 80%,and their hyphae also caused higher morbidity against tobacco aphid;metabolites of different strains of had a strong contact action against tobacco budworm,and all the mortality rates of metabolites of different strains against tobacco aphid were over 85% after 48 h treatment.[Conclusion] The research provides reference for further study on microbial control of tobacco aphid.


We present a set of dynamical equations based on Ashtekar's extension of the Einstein equation. The system forces the spacetime to evolve to the manifold that satisfies the constraint equations or the reality conditions or both as the attractor against perturbative errors. This is an application of the idea by Brodbeck, Frittelli,


This study aims at investigating the impact of the expansion of price limits on the volatility of Damascus Securities Exchange, by comparing the fluctuations of the market under three different price limits systems, since the opening of the market until the end of 2014.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, non parametric statistics are used since the data are not normally distributed.

Levene's Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test are used to answer the research hypothesis through deductive approach using SPSS statistical program.

Results of the study showed that the price limits expanding in the Damascus Securities Exchange leads to an increase in the volatility of stock returns. Consequently, setting narrower price limits will reduce the volatility, and this confirms the effectiveness of the system of price limits in reducing the volatility of Damascus Securities Exchange.


The mounting evidence, that cellular radiation may adversely affect the health of its users, results in growing concern among the general public. This concern only grows as cellular technologies become an essential part of modern life (mobile e-mail, social networking, etc.). Radiating antennas in the proximity of the user, such as antennas of mobile phones are of special interest for this matter. In this paper we study the performance of a recently proposed architecture for wireless networks, aiming at minimal emission from mobile stations, without any additional radiation sources. The new architecture, dubbed Green Cellular, abandons the classical transceiver base station design and suggests the augmentation of transceiver base stations with receive only devices. These devices, dubbed Green Antennas, are not aiming at coverage extension but rather at minimizing the emission from mobile stations. We employ indoor and outdoor propagation simulation tools and field experiments to study the expected impact of the Green Cellular architecture on emission from mobile stations. Our results reveal a significant, up to 50dB, decrease in emission power and respective exposure to radiation.


The existing inherent strain method is improved in this paper to address the shortcomings of the existing inherent strain method in the process of loading inherent strain. Unlike the traditional inherent strain method, which uses one-step loading inherent strain for each weld seam for one-time elastic calculation, the improved inherent strain method uses step-by-step loading inherent strain for each weld seam for multiple elastic calculations to predict welding deformation. The step-by-step loading inherent strain method (SBS-ISM) is more in line with the actual welding deformation generation process. Firstly, the local finite element model of the T-joint was used to analyze the welding deformation and extract the inherent strain by using the thermal elastic–plastic finite element method (TEP-FEM). Subsequently, the one-step loading inherent strain method (OS-ISM) and the step-by-step loading inherent strain method (SBS-ISM) were used to predict the welding deformation for the same local finite element model, respectively. The comparative results showed that the trend and magnitude of welding deformation calculated using SBS-ISM was much closer to those calculated using TEP-FEM. The OS-ISM and SBS-ISM were used to predict the welding deformation of the backward centrifugal fan impeller under different welding sequences, respectively. By comparing the welding deformation results calculated using the two inherent strain methods with the experimental results, it was demonstrated that the step-by-step loading inherent strain method (SBS-ISM) provides more accurate and reliable predictions of welding deformation for large and complex thin-walled T-shaped structural components compared to the one-step loading inherent strain method (OS-ISM).


This ethnographic study in Qatar and United Arab Emirates addresses a particular Islamic consumptionscape as well as a related commodified practice: that of Arab hospitality. This much vaunted Arab virtue is examined in three contexts: home hospitality, commercial hospitality, and hospitality toward foreign guest workers and visitors. We find that home hospitality is largely extended inward and involves sharing in with close same-sex friends and family in a tournament of status, while hospitality toward foreigners is largely either nonexistent or outsourced to other foreigners. These patterns are explained in terms of hyper-ritualization of that which is most in doubt, namely, multiculturalism and patriarchal authority. We argue that this same pattern of hyper-ritualization may apply in other ritual contexts like American Thanksgiving celebrations.


Catalysis is one of the areas of science whose history is little explored in textbooks used in the teaching of chemistry, which rarely dedicate part of the text to tell how this knowledge was built. Nowadays, catalysis is one of the most important aspects of industrial, laboratory and sustainable chemistry. This paper is meant to make a historical review of how some great names in the history of chemistry built all this knowledge, with special attention to the work of Elizabeth Fulhame, a British scientist, who pioneered the research in catalytic chemical reactions. In addition, other names and contributions of several scientists to the history and development of catalysis will be discussed, as well as the Brazilian contribution to the production of knowledge in this field. This work aims to contribute to broaden the vision of one of the most important branches of modern chemistry in several fronts, including financial, environmental and social.


The purpose of this research is to identify and formalize the Hospital Hygiene Service activities and products, evaluating them in a cost accounting management view. The ultimate aim, is to evaluate the financial adverse events prevention impact, in an Hospital Hygiene Service management. A three step methodology based on affinity grouping activities, was employed. This methodology led us to identify 4 action areas, with 23 related productive processes, and 86 available safety packages. Owing to this new methodology, we was able to implement a systematic evaluation of the furnished services.


Problem:  Spontaneous mastitis or induced infections mimicking mastitis reduce pregnancy rates in ruminants. The effect of immunization with either a mastitis‐related pathogen component, peptidoglycan–polysaccharide (PG–PS), or killed Streptococcus pyogenes on pregnancy outcome was investigated.


The optical design considerations for optimization of sensitivity, tunability, and versatility of an infrared heterodyne spectrometer are discussed using the GSFC CO2 laser heterodyne spectrometer optical front end as an example. Problems related to the coherent nature of the laser local oscillator beam (e.g., interference effects at edges of optical elements and at the beam combining beamsplitter) are described and proper beamsplitter design discussed. Optimum matching to the telescope is discussed. The severe effects of large central obscuration on the coherent telescope efficiency are described and steps to partially recover the lost system sensitivity are proposed. Measurements made with the GSFC 48 inch telescope (linear obscuration rate = 0.5) and the KPNO McMathe telescope (no obscuration) are given as examples.


In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems for $g$-monotone maps on partially ordered $S$-metric spaces. This theorem generalizes some fixed point theorems for maps on metric spaces to the structure of $S$-metric spaces. Also, we give examples to demonstrate the validity of the result.


The human foetus lives its life protected from the outside world. The sense of sight is limited – only the brightest rays of sunshine reach the uterus. Also, the maternal tissues protect the foetus from outside tactile experiences. The medical view of foetal development is focussed on the development of the lungs and other organs that need to maturate enough so that the individual can survive after birth. Traditionally, very little was known about the cognitive development and the role of learning during the foetal period.


The present study was intended to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program onknowledge and attitude regarding temporary family planning method among postnatal mothers. Objectiveswere to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding temporary family planning method among postnatalmothers,evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program on knowledge and attitude and to findout its association with socio personal variables. The theoretical framework adopted for the study was BettyNeuman Systems Model. The investigator adopted quantitative pre experimental approach and the researchdesign used was one group pre test post test design. The study was conducted in the postnatal ward and familyplanning OPD of Govt. T.D. Medical College Hospital, Alappuzha. Fifty sample were selected by purposivesampling. The socio personal variables were gathered by self reporting. The knowledge and attitude wereassessed by Structured Questionnaire and Modified Likert scale respectively. The sample were providedwitha video-assisted teaching program on second postnatal day in the postnatal ward and the post test wereconducted on 45 days after normal vaginal delivery in the family planning OPD. The findings revealed thatthere was a significant difference in the level of knowledge and attitude among postnatal mothers after videoassistedteaching program at p < 0.001. Thus it was concluded that video-assisted teaching program had asignificant effect in improving the level of knowledge and attitude regarding temporary family planningmethod among postnatal mothers.


Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) based optical networks are viewed as a promising network infrastructure for the next generation network (NGN) development. By pre-configuring the resources of dynamic optical networks, we can reconstruct the physical topology, thus increase the number of direct routes between potentially heavily loaded physical node pairs and optimize the performance of the optical networks. This article presents the introduction to the optical network topology pre-configuration schemes and verifies the effectiveness of the QoS (Quality of Service) routing algorithm in the pre-configured topology of GMPLS-based optical networks. Simulation results show that the implementation of the QoS routing algorithm in the pre-configured GMPLS-based optical networks is instrumental in shortening the average establishing time of the control plane whilst maintaining the low block probability.


Contents Figures Tables Contributors Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations. 1. Pacific Asia in a Global Context Chris Dixon and David W. Smith 2. The Growth Economies of Pacific Asia in their Changing Global Context Peter Dicken 3. What's in it for us? Images of Pacific Asian Development Dean Forbes 4. The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Geographical Pattern of Foreign Trade Flows with Special Reference to Taiwan Claes Alvstam 5. The Role of the State in Economic Transformation of East Asia Jeff Henderson 6. ASEAN Economies: Continuing Dynamic Growth in the 1900's John Wong 7. Footprints in Space: Spatial Re-structuring in the Asian NICs 1950-1990 Terry McGee and George Lin 8. China: The Consequences of Liberalisation Denis Dwyer 9. Transition in a Centrally Planned Economy: the Impact and Potential of Economic Reference in Vietnam Richard Vokes and Ingrid Palmer 10. North Korea in Pacific Asia Aiden Foster-Carter 11. Towards the Pacific Century? Chris Dixon and David W. Smith


We introduce a relativistic splitting structure as a means to map fields and equations of electromagnetism from curved four-dimensional space–time to three-dimensional observer's space. We focus on a minimal set of mathematical structures that are directly motivated by the language of the physical theory. Space–time, world-lines, time translation, space platforms and time synchronization all find their mathematical counterparts. The splitting structure is defined without recourse to coordinates or frames. This is noteworthy since, in much of the prevalent literature, observers are identified with adapted coordinates and frames. Among the benefits of the approach is a concise and insightful classification of splitting structures that is juxtaposed to a classification of observers. The application of the framework to the Ehrenfest paradox and Schiff's 'Question in General Relativity' further illustrates the advantages of the framework, enabling a compact, yet profound analysis of the problems at hand.


....................................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. X LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. XI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... XIV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. XIX CHAPTER


Court of Justice of the European Communities — Procedure — Intervention — Conditions for — Appeal for annulment of decision of High Authority by Government of member State — Intervention by private persons — Limitations on object of such intervention — Whether intervenormaymake submissions regarding actions of High Authority vis — à — vis the Government. International organization — European Goal and Steel Community — Decision of High Authority concerning publication of transport tariffs — Decision purporting to be passed under self-executing provision of Treaty, Article 70 — Power to regulate publication of tariffs by member States conditional upon renunciation of right by State — Whether such renunciation express or implied in Treaty — Whether decision passed under Article 88 may impose obligation — Violation of substantial procedural requirement — Requirement that High Authority should grant prior opportunity to Government to submit observations — Violation of Treaty — Requirement that decision state in what way Government had not complied with Article 70 of Treaty.


ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady‐state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.


N-Silyl-protected primary aminomethyl sulphides and aminomethylphosphonates can be synthesised by the Lewis acid-catalysed reactions of silyl sulphides and silyl phosphites with N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)methoxymethylamine.


Beta has been a controversial measure of risk ever since it was proposed almost half a century ago, and we do not pretend to settle with this article what decades of research has not. We do, however, take advantage of the recent trend of investing in countries and industries through index funds and ETFs, as well as a renewed interest on the impact of black swans, and explore the merits of beta in that context. Ultimately, we ask two questions: 1) Is beta a good measure of risk? And, 2) is beta a valuable tool for portfolio selection? Our evidence, spanning over 47 countries, 57 industries, and four decades finds beta to be useful in both dimensions. When negative black swans hit the market, high-beta portfolios fall substantially more than low-beta portfolios. Furthermore, a strategy that reacts to black swans by selecting portfolios on the basis of beta outperforms a passive strategy in terms of both returns and risk-adjusted returns.


The Turkish Republic ended the twentieth century without any significant role in the Middle East. From the end of World War One until the end of the 20th century, Turkey adopted a foreign policy based on isolation from its Arab region and a role that does not exceed its Western allies in international affairs. The Turkish foreign policy could be described as a policy aimed at achieving the security of great powers in the region. However, when the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in Turkey in 2002, and its attempts to redefine Turkey's role in the area and to formulate a new foreign policy towards its Arab region and to adopt what was known as the "Zero Problems" policy. But Turkey could not abandon the political constraints imposed by its commitments Especially towards the United States of America. The article (From Border Security to National Security: Change in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Middle East after 2016 - Realistic Perspective-) adopted the Realistic Theory of International Relations as a basis for analyzing the change in Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East issues after 2016. The article based on the assumption that the failed coup attempt against Turkey on 25 July 2016 has become a pivotal turning point in the political history of the Turkish Republic in general, and especially in Turkey's foreign policy. For the first time in nearly a century Turkey Foreign policy aimed at achieving its national security beyond its geographical borders.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss a holistic framework for guiding applied research within the field of new product development. This work is a precursor to developing a framework for undertaking lean product lifecycle management (PLM).Design/methodology/approach – The research approach taken in this work has been based around theory development from a review and synthesis of a range of primary industry cases, practical approaches and partial solutions available within the existing literature.Findings – The result is a six‐step theoretical framework that can be used as a point of reference for academics discussing the development of systemic approaches to the subject, as well as those from industry searching for a framework for their new product development activity. At this point the framework as a whole has not been tested, although each of the various elements has been successfully applied in isolation. The implications of this paper are that the existing technical product development l...


Syncretism, or inflexional homonymy, has received attention intermittently from a number of linguists in recent decades. They have concentrated on three main aspects: (a) the parallel between morphological and lexical homonymy on the one band and phonological 'neutralisation' on the other; (b) the limits to the ambiguity which syncretism potentially engenders, and how such limits are enforced; (c) relationships between morphosyntactic properties äs such, independently of their inflexional realisations, which either favour or inhibit syncretism. The first of these issues was the subject of a questionnaire circulated thirty years ago to more than forty linguists by the Institut de Linguistique in Paris, with inconclusive results (TIL 1957). The second issue is to the fore in CALLOW'S (1968) study of neutralisation in Käsern, and is also prominent in PIKE'S (1965) work on morphological 'matrices' in German and in some more recent work by PLANK (1979; 1980). The last of the three was explored by JAKOBSON in his classic article 'Beitrag zur allgemeinen Kasuslehre' (1936). In this article I will be concerned with an aspect of syncretism which is distinct from all of these — an aspect involving constraints on the relationship between morphosyntactic properties and their inflexional exponents. The simplest relationship which can obtain between properties and their exponents is that of one-to-one pairing. This is the relationship which obtains where what VBNNEMANN (1972) calls 'Humboldt's Universar is strictly observed; it is also characteristic of what COMBIE (to appear) calls 'canonical agglutination'. But all inflecting languages that I have encountered exhibit some


Until recently, prisons were considered an economic development strategy particularly in rural communities struggling with the loss of manufacturing jobs. However, many studies have shown that prisons often have weak linkages to the host community, and sometimes have negligible or even negative impacts on rural economies. A combination of factors including changing sentencing laws, inadequate conditions in older facilities, fiscal conservatism, and increasing reliance on community based alternatives to incarceration are now leading to prison closures all around the country. In this changing context, this thesis explores: (i) What are the real and perceived impacts of prison closures on local economies in small rural counties?; and (ii) Where communities are redeveloping old prisons to boost their economies, how are local needs, politics, and project constraints (related to design and finance) shaping the transformation of these sites? By focusing on two cases where former prisons are being reused for community and economic development, this thesis explores how rural communities might transition to new ways of employing people and generating wealth after a local prison closes. Thesis Advisor: Karl Seidman Reader: Justin Steil


Durability of reinforced concrete is one of the main demands in civil engineering.Operating conditions, particularly in aggressive mediums, determine durability of constructions.Sulfate mediums are among the most aggressive ones which cause steel reinforcement corrosion. Themodern requirements for high consistency fresh concretes are governed by practice. This way thedisturbance of reinforcement passive state can be caused by changes in hardened concrete especiallyin aggressive mediums. Thus, the restriction of SO42- ions transport in concretes, which are obtainedfrom high consistency fresh mixes and exploited in sulfate mediums, can be considered as an actualproblem.The paper is devoted to protection of concrete surface by coating based on alkali-activatedaluminosilicate binder from SO42- ions transport to prevent steel reinforcement corrosion. It wasshown that the coating with thickness of 3 mm ensures total concrete protection. It was revealed thatpermeability of concrete depending on cation decreases in the row (NH4)2SO4>Na2SO4>MgSO4. Theprotective function of coating was simulated by application of mentioned salts as admixtures. LesspH values of water extracts of the binder during hydration while using of 2.5 % MgSO4 is evidenceof advanced crystallinity of zeolite-like sulfate-containing hydroaluminosilicates with participationof Mg2+ ions equal to Са2+ ions. While content of (NH4)2SO4 was increased up to 5.0 % less pH wasfixed due to decelerated formation of zeolite-like minerals. Stability of pH values in presence ofNa2SO4 (0.5…2.5 %) was caused by no influence on structure formation. Thus, the restriction of SO 2-ions transport in protective coating is due to their binding by alkaline aluminosilicate binder inzeolite-like minerals with higher crystallinity due to presence of Na+, NH + and Mg2+ cations fromsulfates.


1. Section 1: The Place of Stem-cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Malignant and Non-malignant Disorders 2. Section 2: Practical Aspects of Stem-cell Transplantation 3. Section 3: Problems After Transplantation 4. Section 4: Other Considerations


The genus Anachloris Meyrick, containing the species A. subochraria (Doubleday) and A. uncinata (Guenee) is reviewed, and a new species A. tofocolorata sp. n. is described and illustrated. Keys to species and distribution maps, as well as information about the biology of A. uncinata, are provided. The skeletomuscular system of the male genitalia and the structure of the female genitalia of Hydriomena impluviata (Denis and Schiffermuller) from Europe are compared with those of A. subochraria and A. uncinata from Australia, suggesting that Anachloris does not belong to the tribe Hydriomenini. Additional study is necessary to establish its tribal position.


In the field of machine learning, the paradigm of active learning is regarded as most similar to the mode of natural learning in which the learner asks teacher questions and then obtains the knowledge from the answer given. Active learning has been typically combined with supervised learning. In this thesis, the author addresses the small sample problems in active learning that the small number of labeled data may lead to poor classifiers during the active learning process. This important aspect of active learning has been largely ignored by researchers. By combining active learning with Support Vector Machine (SVM) to solve the small sample problems, three schemes are utilized in this thesis. The following paragraphs overview the contributions of this thesis. The first scheme aims to improve the quality of the selected data, i.e., choose the data that convey more information to the learner. In traditional active learning, the similarity measurement between two data only relies on themselves. It may lead to low quality of the selected data, as they do not reflect information on the whole dataset. In order to select data with high quality, the motivation is to incorporate unlabeled data to improve the similarity measurement between the data. In order to support the proposed methods using this scheme, a criterion that the selected data should maximize the class entropy is suggested from the view point of information theory. Based on this principle, a general data selection framework is inferred that the selected data should be as dissimilar from each other as possible. Then under the inferred framework, three similarity measurements and three novel active learning methods are proposed and derived respectively. For the first proposed method, the weight of an edge in a graph is directly employed as the similarity between two data points connected by this edge. During the process of active learning, a single-side strategy is proposed to modify the weights of the graph. This leads to a dynamic similarity measurement which is able to unfold the similarity between data better than fixed strategies, such as the well-known Angle Diversity incorporated Active Learning with SVM (AD-ALSVM). For the second proposed method, the data are first mapped into a manifold


Student engagement is the amount of time and effort students dedicate to specific educational based activities . The quality of the engagement is thought to influence student success both within and outside of the academic setting. Universities are constantly being challenged by governments to provide graduates with the skills they need to adapt and succeed in the workforce by developing, testing, and evaluating innovative approaches to teaching and learning. In many instances, the amount of government-based grants a university receives is based on how successful an institution is in terms of student engagement outcomes that relate to student graduation rates, post-graduation employment, overall student grade point average, and attrition rates. Student engagement and other educationally purposeful activities are linked to student learning. The purpose of this discursive paper will be to critically examine a case study in which a purposely designed series of student engagement activities are considered in an attempt to reinvigorate a graduate program.The program in question will be briefly discussed in which challenges that underlie key issues will be presented. A focused student engagement initiative will be put forth as a possible solution to these issues, in which a preliminary examination of the effectiveness of these solutions will be discussed in addition to areas for future refinement and revision.


In this paper we study degree three curves in $C^{(2)}$ with positive self-intersection defined by the action of a spherical triangular group in an auxiliary curve.


The quantity of radio communication service is growing up with the development of wireless communication technology. While limited spectrum allocation, inefficient utilization of frequency band and plenty of unused spectrum have led to spectrum scarcity. To solve this issue, we study dynamic spectrum access technique to maximize the utilization of multi-channel wireless network. we assume that N users sharing K channels, and the users can choose any channel to transmit. each user selects a channel and transmits a packet with a certain attempt probability. After each time slot, every user receives a binary observation which indicates the result of their transmission. We aim to find an optimal strategy for spectrum access, which maximizes channel utilization in a partial observation scheme without message exchange or online coordination between users. Because of the larger scale of state space and incomplete partial observation, acquiring the optimal solution is computationally expensive in general. To solve this issue, we develop a partial observation dynamic spectrum access algorithm based on deep reinforcement leaning. We take experiments to show the strong performance of the algorithm which can increase the channel utilization to 90% in partial observation scheme.


The invention discloses a lithium-air battery with a double-layer controllable anode structure, and belongs to the technical field of lithium-air battery preparation. The anode structure of the lithium-air battery provided by the present invention is a double-layer structure comprising a macroporous hydrophilic carbon cloth layer and a porous hydrophobic carbon paper layer, wherein the porous hydrophobic carbon paper layer is prepared from carrying out a strong hydrophobic treatment for the carbon paper through PTFE and is used as a gas transmission channel, and the macroporous hydrophilic carbon cloth layer is prepared from coating a layer of a carbon supported alloy catalyst on the place around macrospores of the carbon cloth and is used as a place for generating electrochemical reactions. In the prior art, during a discharge process of the lithium-air battery, discharge products may deposit around the macrospores of the carbon cloth, and the discharge products may block the macrospores of the carbon cloth with a long-playing discharge, such that the air and electrolyte can not form a three-phase interface on the surface of the catalyst so as to discontinue the discharge. The lithium-air battery provided by the present invention only requires change the macroporous hydrophilic carbon cloth layer during no electricity without a requirement of charge, such that the lithium-airbattery can work continuously.


Mental Health Awareness Week this year takes place from Monday 18 May until Sunday 24 May, with a theme of 'kindness'. May 2020


Model Programme for Public Libraries, launched and funded by the Danish Agency for Culture and Realdania, offers an interactive, web-based inspiration catalogue and tools that are to communicate new knowledge, best practise and inspiration for brand new space and function interplay for library developers. This article highlights new findings and proposals in the area of functional interiors libraries (including examples of good practice) and compare the danish programme with the Concept of Czech Libraries Development in the years 2011–2015.


Despite recent evidence suggesting that Staphylococcus aureus exists within the sinonasal epithelium of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, certain questions remain. The intracellular environment may provide a protective niche for pathogenic bacteria to evade host immunity and yet provide a reservoir for reinfection. To date, no studies have examined the impact of this bacterial phenotype; therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the role of intracellular S. aureus on postsurgical outcomes.


An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of water levels in soil on seedlings formation papaya tree from group Soil and Formosa. The treatments were distributed in delineation completely randomized using the factorial design 5x2 (60, 70, 80,90 and 100% field capacity of the soil and two genotypes of papaya Soil and Formosa group). The plants irrigation was made by weighing process supplying daily. The substratum was constituted of a mixture of soil material + earthworm humus in the proportion of 1:1 v/v. At 55 days after sowing were evaluated height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry matter of the aerial part, of roots and total of the plants and relationship between dry matter date of root and aerial part. From results the highest values of height, diameter of stem and leaves emitted were obtained from the substrate with humidity between 85 and 100% of field capacity in both genotypes.The values of dry biomass of shoots, roots and dry biomass ratio of root / shoot increased with moisture in the substrate, with supremacy of the Solo on the Formosa papaya. Papaya Formosa develops more shoot and yields root dry matter less than the genotypes Solo.


A localized 2D J‐resolved (JPRESS) MR spectroscopic sequence was evaluated in human prostates in vivo. Voxels of typically 2 ml were placed in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Eight healthy volunteers, three subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and three patients with prostatic cancer were scanned on a 1.5T MR scanner, using a body coil for RF transmission and a pelvic phased‐array coil combined with a disposable endorectal coil for signal reception. The total acquisition time for a 2D JPRESS spectrum was approximately 17 min. A major advantage of the endorectal 2D JPRESS was the ability to resolve the peaks of choline‐containing compounds and those of spermine unequivocally. Spectral results clearly showed the biochemical changes in cancer and benign compared to healthy prostates, in conformity with ex vivo biochemical findings. The preliminary results suggest that the endorectal 2D JPRESS could be successfully implemented for the diagnostic examination of human prostates. Magn Reson Med 47:1059–1064, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Andrea Cupp made a serendipitous discovery when she was a postdoctoral fellow at Washington State University: While investigating how chemicals affect sex determination in embryonic animals, she bred the offspring of pregnant rats that had been dosed with an insecticide called methoxyclor. When the males from that litter grew into adults, they had decreased sperm counts and higher rates of infertility. Cupp had seen these same abnormalities in the animals' fathers, which had been exposed to methoxyclor in the womb. But this latest generation hadn't been exposed that way, which suggested that methoxyclor's toxic effects had carried over generations. "At first I couldn't believe it," says Cupp's advisor, Michael Skinner, a biochemist and Washington State professor. "But then we repeated the breeding experiments and found that the results held up."

Skinner and Cupp, who is now a professor at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, published their findings in 2005.1 Since that paper—which showed that reproductive effects not just from methoxyclor but also from the fungicide vinclozolin persisted for at least four generations—the number of published articles reporting similar transgenerational findings has increased steadily. "In the last year and half there's been an explosion in studies showing transgenerational effects from exposure to a wide array of environmental stressors," says Lisa Chadwick, a program administrator at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). "This is a field that's really starting to take off."

According to Chadwick, the new findings compel a reevaluation of how scientists perceive environmental health threats. "We have to think more long-term about the effects of chemicals that we're exposed to every day," she says. "This new research suggests they could have consequences not just for our own health and for that of our children, but also for the health of generations to come."

Figure 1

Glossary

The NIEHS recently issued requests for applications totaling $3 million for research on transgenerational effects in mammals.2 Chadwick says funded studies will address two fundamental data needs, one pertaining to potential transgenerational mechanisms and another to the number of chemicals thought to exert these effects. These studies will extend to what's known as the F3 generation—the great-grandchildren of the originally exposed animal. That's because chemicals given to pregnant females (the F0 generation) interact not only with the fetal offspring (the F1 generation) but also the germ cells developing within those offspring, which mature into the sperm and eggs that give rise to the F2 generation. Thus, the F3 animals are the first generation to be totally unexposed to the original agent. Effects that extend to the F2 generation are known as "multigenerational," whereas those that extend to the F3 generation are known as "transgenerational."3

Transgenerational effects have now been reported for chemicals including permethrin, DEET, bisphenol A, certain phthalates, dioxin, jet fuel mixtures, nicotine, and tributyltin, among others. Most of these findings come from rodent studies.4,5,6,7 But preliminary evidence that chemical effects can carry over generations in humans is also emerging, although no F3 data have been published yet. Given the challenges of tracking effects over multiple human lifespans, the evidence is more difficult to interpret, particularly with respect to potential mechanisms, says Tessa Roseboom, a professor of early development and health at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Still, some reports have linked nutritional deficiencies from famine and exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)—a nonsteroidal estrogen used to protect against miscarriage from the 1940s to the 1970s—to effects that persist among the grandchildren of exposed women.8,9,10,11,12,13


We report on the electron induced intramolecular rotation of a single phenyl ring of an azobenzene derivative adsorbed on a Au(111) surface using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). By proper functionalization of each of the two azobenzene's phenyl rings with CN end groups, we are able to identify two distinct isomers at the metal surface corresponding to two possible alignments of the functional groups in the trans conformer. Tunneling electrons induce molecular motion and intramolecular conformational changes both on isolated molecules and H-bonded molecular islands. Particular enhancement is observed for the electrons resonantly tunneling through affinity levels, which is consistent with electronic molecular excitations as the basic mechanism for this manipulation process. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations of a free azobenzene molecule, we propose a dynamical model for the ring-rotation pathways, which includes the electric field in the STM junction to effectively couple ...


This experiment was conducted in order to purify some active ingredients of 70% alcoholic extract of aniseed by adsorption chromatography on silica gel and gel filtration on sepharose CL-6B column, using phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.0) as eluent, as well as gel filtration on sephadex LH-20 where chloroform : methanol (3:1) was used as an eluent. Thin layer chromatography on silica gel was used as a criterion for the identification of purified fractions. Ultra violet transilluminator as well as vanillin-H2SO4 reagent were used to identify and develop of separated fractions, respectively. However, the fractions which purified on sephadex LH-20, showed an Rf value (0.71) which corresponded to the Rf values of anethole. To assess the estrogenic activity of purified fractions a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight of collected fractions were given to immature female mice at three weeks age and administered orally for four weeks period. Twenty immature female mice were divided randomly into five groups. First group received crude extract of aniseed, while the second, third, and fourth groups received fractions purified on silica gel, sepharose CL-6B and sephadex LH-20 columns, respectively. Group five served as control, such treatments were continued until maturity, and then the animals were sacrified for studying weight changes in ovaries and uterus. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant increment (P<0.01) in the weights of ovaries in the treated groups as compared to the control, while fractions obtained from sepharose CL-6B had no significant effect (P>0.01). Also there is a significant increment (P<0.01) in the weights of uterus in the treated group with respect to fractions obtained from sephadex LH- 20 as compared to other treated groups and control.


Early marriage is a marriage conducted by teenagers who are still in the age of puberty. Intention to marriage can be measured with planned behavior theory. Planned Behavior explained that intention to perform a behavior is based on three aspect. The three aspect are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The aim of this study is to know the description of early marriage intention among girls that live in Genitri village and to prevent early marriage in Genitri villlage. The subjects of this research were female adolescents aged 15-19 years that lived in Genitri village. The quistionaire contain open question and close question about application planned behavior theory (Susanto,2012). Data will be analyzed using spearman non-parametric correlation test and stepwise regression test. The result showed there were correlation between early marriage intention with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control when analyzed together (r = 0.87, sig = 0.000), but when analyzed separated there were no correlation between intention of early marriage with subjective norms. Aspect perceived behavioral control have the most contribution in determining intention of early marriage.


Although gabapentin use has been increasing among older adults, its safety is understudied. We aimed to examine gabapentin utilization trends among older adults with different cognitive status and investigate potentially inappropriate concurrent medication use with gabapentin.


A 5-cell 422 MHz SRF cavity, BNL4 cavity, was designed for the FFAG lattice based eRHIC, which is a high current (up to 50 mA), multi-pass (up to 16 passes) ERL. Compared with a 704 MHz SRF linac for conventional lattice eRHIC design, the 422 MHz SRF linac is chosen not only for better beam dynamics performance but also for lower linac cost. As FFAG based high luminosity eRHIC is a high current multi-pass ERL machine, it requires extremely good HOM damping to increase BBU threshold current and minimize the HOM power caused cryogenic load. So, HOM damping capability was the main concern for this cavity design. A HOM damping scheme with six coaxial-line HOM couplers and three waveguide couplers was proposed to damp the high-power, full-spectrum (up to 30 GHz) HOMs in the linac. The operation requirement for BNL4 cavity is Q0 = 5×10 at a gradient of 18.5 MV/m. As there is no experience in making such a big/heavy cavity and there is no available facility to handle a 5-cell 422 MHz cavity, a 3-cell prototype cavity is ordered to study the cavity's fabrication, processing and testing. This paper will present the design of the 5-cell 422 MHz cavity, progress on the 3-cell BNL4 prototype cavity and the progress of its HOM damping studies.


The mining industry is entering a period of disruptive transformation using digitalization, information transparency, data governance, data portability and process innovation. Mining companies can now deploy a variety of different sensors throughout their process that can provide real time data of mining exploration and operations that together are referred to as the "Mining Internet of Things" (MIoT).


This is eminently a book for the practitioner, and as its subject matter constitutes a very common and constant element of practice, the value and importance of the book, if it does justice to its theme, ought to be correspondingly great. Dr Fothergill, we may state at once, handles his subject in such a way as to entitle his work to authority. He builds upon the most recent researches and views, and states his case with a clearness that renders comprehension of his doctrines easy, and a force of reasoning that commends the acceptance of the precepts which he inculcates. The subject of natural di-estion is in the first instance physiologically considered. In?doing so the author indents largely upon the Lumleian Lectures delivered in 1880 by Dr William Roberts on the ? Digestive Ferments," and " artificial digestion. The key note of this exposition is the separate digestion of starch, albuminoids and fat.


Slatkin (1996) has recently argued that founder-flush events have significant effects in promoting more rapid evolution and speciation compared with large randomly mating populations, contrary to the conclusions reached in several earlier theoretical analyses (Charlesworth and Smith 1982; Barton and Charlesworth 1984; Rouhani and Barton 1987; Charlesworth and Rouhani 1988; Barton 1989, 1996). Slatkin (1996) argues that "in a rapidly growing populationthat is, after the founding event-genetic drift is relatively weak even if the population is initially quite small. As a consequence, selection will be most effective during and immediately after the period of rapid growth. Low-frequency alleles or combinations of alleles can be driven to fixation by selection much more readily than they would be in populations of constant size, no matter how small or large" (p. 495). Here I suggest that Slatkin's conclusion may, in part at least, be based on unrealistic assumptions. A major part of his analysis concerns the probability of fixation of an advantageous mutation, assumed to be present as a single copy in a founding population. Slatkin points out that, in the case of a dominant or semidominant mutation of this kind, the rapid population growth that follows the foundation of the population results in an increased probability of fixation of the mutation, compared with the probability of fixation of a single mutation in a large population of constant size. This is because the fixation probability of this type of mutation depends mainly on the excess of the mean offspring number per individual for heterozygous carriers, over the offspring number per individual needed to sustain a stationary population. This excess is much greater for a growing population, for a given size of effect of the new favorable mutation on offspring number, leading to a higher probability of fixation in a growing population (Kojima and Kelleher 1962). Slatkin also presents a model of a recessive favorable mutation. In this case, the increase in fixation probability associated with the founder event is a consequence of the assumption that the mutation is present as a single copy in the founding population, whose size N(i) is much


The regular classroom behaviors of LD, seriously emotionally disturbed, and average children were observed via a system that permitted sequential analysis of the data. A minimum of 80 minutes of classroom observational data was collected on each of 52 children. A lag sequential analysis was subsequently performed to determine regularities and differences in the sequential ordering of behaviors across time. The results revealed that the teachers behaved differentially toward the handicapped but not the average children. When the handicapped children were engaged in schoolwork, the teachers tended not to interact with them. However, when the handicapped students were not on task, the teachers tended to interact with them. These findings were not evident in the summary level analysis of the data. Lag sequential analysis appears to enhance our understanding of the organization of behavior within the classroom setting.


In the emerging wearable world, a plethora of smart devices are being designed to facilitate our daily life. More activities, such as student learning, desk office work, or driving are requiring human beings to spend a significant portion of their daily life sitting on a chair. As a result, there is increasing interest in the development of technologies that monitor and support seated users. The most iconic examples of this are the smart chair and the smart cushion. To prompt users to maintain healthy sitting posture and to encourage them to have a short break after prolonged sitting, several studies focus on the detection, monitoring, and analysis of sitting postures. The smart cushion, in particular, is a very promising device in this context because it is noninvasive and can be conveniently deployed on the seat or backrest, making an ordinary chair, sofa, or even a car seat suddenly smart. This article reviews our previous research studies and the results related to sitting posture recognition using the smart cushion. We will show that very diversified applications can be enabled, spanning medical applications (e.g., back pain or pressure ulcers avoidance) and even human communication (body language detection).


Researches for electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been carried out extensively to develop the next generation power sources. Currently available anode for Li ion batteries (Graphite) has a capacity of 372 mAh/g. However, rapid development of portable electronics and electric vehicles require a higher capacity and stable performance. Many alloy systems have been researched to replace the graphite. [1-4] Among them, Si (4400 mAh/g) and Sn (993 mAh/g) alloy systems are the most viable candidates. But, these materials also have a drawback such as volume expansion/contraction when subject to electrochemical cycling. Nanocomposites containing carbon have been suggested as a solution to alleviate the volume expansion issue. Among many methods for preparation of nanocomposite materials, mechanochemical reduction is quite attractive, since it provides uniformly dispersed nanocrystallites in the carbon matrix.


The pollen passage way was used to transfer the DNA of oats ( Avena sativa L.) into common wheat. Subsequent continuous selection and disease-resistance test indicated that the DNA of oats had been successfully introduced into wheat and was fully expressed. Conspicuous variations of characters were observed in D 1 generation and tended to be stabilized in D 2 and D 3. Variant strains highly resistant to stripe rust and having improved characters were obtained in D 5 generation.


Databases are almost everywhere. Today, software applications used in different domains contains and manage databases. The performance of these applications is determined in a great deal by the database structure and its capability to respond in a short and consistent way to the users needs. So, database design is an important step in the information system life cycle and it should be done in a proper manner. The paper presents an optimization algorithm for physical database design based on "Cleanroom" model. The algorithm helps to obtain an optimal structure for the database and to eliminate errors from the database designing process. Key-Words: physical database design, transactions analysis, "Cleanroom" model


Based on the results of a sociological research, the article analyzes the life aims and social feelings of the youth of Ulyanovsk and Samara regions.