Dry-cured meat production has a long tradition in Norway. Presently, the annual production is around 1700 tons with an approximate per capita consumption of 0.5 kilos. However, many producers are facing a significant quality and economic problems due to uncontrolled fungal growth. With the aim of assessing the diversity of fungi contaminating Norwegian dry-cured meat products, 72 samples were collected from five producers. Moulds and yeasts were isolated either by inoculating the aerial mycelium of visible fungal colonies or by directly plating small pieces of meat on suitable agar media. A polyphasic approach of species identification was employed to identify the isolates. In total, 96 isolates were obtained; of which 77 were moulds while 19 were yeasts. The moulds were identified in to 14 species belonging to Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Eurotium. The genus Penicillium contributed by 10 species covering 59 % of the total isolates. The rest were from Cladosporium spp. and Eurotuim spp. covering 16 % and 5 % of the isolates respectively. Yeasts accounted for 20 % of the mycobiota of the products investigated. In general, species of Penicillium were associated with Norwegian dry-cured meat products. Introduction Dry-cured meat production has a long tradition in Norway. Presently, the annual production is around 1700 tons with an approximate per capita consumption of 0.5 kilos. The demand for safe products of high quality has been increasing. However, many producers are facing a significant quality and economic problems due to uncontrolled fungal growth. As some of the moulds growing on the products are mycotoxigenic, they can have a potential health hazard to the consumers. To reduce quality and economic problems and minimize the potential health risk, the fungi growing on the dry-cured meat products should be identified and characterised. The aim of present study was to obtain an initial overview of moulds and yeasts growing on the surfaces of Norwegian dry-cured meat products. Materials and methods A total of 72 samples of mouldy dry-cured meat products were received from five different producers in Norway. Moulds and yeasts were isolated either by inoculating the aerial mycelium of different fungal colonies or by directly plating small pieces of meat at three points on Petri dishes containing Dichloran 18 % glycerol agar (DG-18) (Pitt & Hocking, 1999). The Petri dishes were incubated in darkness for 7 days at 25 oC and inspected for genus identification. The identified fungal genera were sub-cultured on suitable agar plates for species identification. All moulds belonging to the genus Penicillium were plated on MEA (Malt extract agar), CYA (Czapaek yeast extract agar), YES (Yeast extract sucrose agar), CREA (Creatine sucrose agar), NO2, (Nitrite sucrose agar). Other moulds and yeasts were sub-cultured on MEA and PDA (Potato dextrose agar). MEA, CYA, YES and PDA were incubated at 25 oC, while CREA and NO2 at 20 oC for 7 days. A polyphasic approach was used in the identification process of the isolates. Macroscopic and microscopic morphological characters were mainly used to identify moulds at a genus and species level. Erlich test was performed to differentiate certain species of Penicillium. Molecular techniques by sequencing the ITS regions of fungal DNA were used for the identification of yeasts and some moulds which were difficult to identify by the traditional methods. All the isolates were identified according to Frisvad and Samson, 2004 (Frisvad & Samson, 2004), Pitt and Hocking, 1999 (Pitt & Hocking, 1999) Pitt, 1979 (Pitt, 1979). Each species isolated from one piece of dry-cured meat product was considered as one isolate. Results In total, 96 fungal isolates were identified; of which 77 were moulds while 19 were yeasts. The mould isolates were composed of 14 different species belonging to Penicillium, Cladosporium and Eurotium. The genus Penicillium contributed by 10 species that covered 59 % of the total isolates, where as yeasts came on


Abstract MoS2–Ta composite coatings were deposited using the pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to determine the structural properties of the MoS2–Ta composite coatings. The hardness values and adhesion and fatigue features of the coatings were determined using a microindentation hardness test and a scratch test, respectively. The scratch tests were evaluated using two modes: a standard mode (under a progressive load) and a multimode (sliding-fatigue with a constant sub-critical load within the same scratch track). Failure mechanisms of the scratch tracks were determined by examining the resulting micrographs. The MoS2–Ta coatings have a dense columnar microstructure. XRD patterns of the coatings revealed MoS2 (0 0 2), MoS2 (1 0 0), MoS2 (1 0 3), and α-Ta (1 1 0) reflections. The thickness, roughness, hardness, and elemental ratio values of the coatings were significantly affected by the target currents. The adhesion of the coatings dramatically increased with an increase in the thickness, hardness, and Ta/Mo ratio and with decreases in the roughness. The MoS2–Ta composite coatings with a high load-bearing capacity exhibited excellent fatigue resistance.


IN spite of the generally accepted notion of the importance of maturity for learning, most studies of ability and achievement (e.g., Anderson, 1961a and 1961b) have not included a maturity variable for analysis. A few notable exceptions are Bradway (1938), Patterson (1943), Orear (1951), and Richards and Simons (1941). Even these studies, however, for the most part, use a single index for maturity notwithstanding experimental evidence (e.g., Williams, 1935) that suggests a multi-dimensional domain in the


Bank as intermediar y financial in conducting its business activities are classified into two categories, namely conventional banks and banks with Islamic principles. As an investment manager, Islamic banks do fund raising with the principles of customer wadi ' ah and mudaraba principle. As an investor, Islamic banks channeling funds through investment activities with the principle of profit- sharing financing , principle of sell -buy , or principle of lease financing . This research investigated the relationship on the principle of profit - sharing financing, principle of sell-buy financing, principle of lease financing , principle of wadiah fund raising and principle of mudaraba fund raising t o earning f alah of Islamic banks. T otal population in this research are registered Islamic bank in Bank Indonesia in 2009-2013, the sample can be used as many as four Islamic banks. The results of hypothesis testing the principle of profit-sharing financing had positive significant effect to earnings falah of Islamic Bank in Indonesia, the principle of sell-buy financing had positive significant effect to earnings falah of Islamic Bank in Indonesia, the principle of lease financing had negative not significant effect to earnings falah of Islamic Bank in Indonesia, the principle wadi'ah fund raising had positive significant effect to earnings falah of Islamic Bank in Indonesia, and the principle of mudaraba fund raising had positive significant effect to earnings falah of Islamic Bank in Indonesia.


Transformerless inverters are getting popular in distributed photovoltaic power generation (PVPG) system due to its light weight, low cost, and higher efficiency in power conversion. However, the production of leakage current leads to severe electromagnetic interference and operational insecurity, which declines the reliability and efficiency of the overall system. Besides that many of the topologies have been addressed with real power injection capabilities in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, an improved hybrid-bridge (IH-B) inverter for transformerless PVPG system is proposed with 1) reduced leakage current by abolishing the fluctuations in common-mode voltage (CMV) due to switch junction capacitances and 2) reactive power capability with a modified sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation technique. This topology is constructed with the combination of bidirectional clamping branch and hybrid-bridge (H-B) inverter topology to maintain CMV at half of the dc-link voltage and ensure better quality of output waveforms at different power factors of the grid. Further, MATLAB simulation results of the IH-B and H-B topologies are presented and compared to prove the potential benefits of the proposed topology. Finally, a 500W prototype model is built and tested to validate the effectiveness of the IH-B topology in reduction of leakage current and reactive power capability.


During the interwar years, the issue of the sexual child moved from the domain of the experts into the sitting rooms of ordinary parents via child-rearing texts. As the quote from Renz and Renz illustrates, "sexual interest and experiences" of the child are recast in a positive light.l This conceptualization of the sexual child reflects a distinctive cultural shift in attitudes amongst child-rearing experts, namely that sexual subjectivity is normal and, especially, healthy. Such a shift appears taken for granted, for there is no sense that this statement should cause any disquiet among the readership. Despite the contingent idea of "control" there is an effort to downgrade the "specialness" of the child's sexuality. Most strikingly, the two components of sexual subjectivity—childish imagination and activity—are represented as no more worthy of anxiety than any other aspect of the child's growth and development.


With the changing of society and economy, the development of vocational education in post-war Japan has experienced four periods: the reformation and weakening of vocational education in post-war beginning times, recovery and reinforcing of vocational education in economic rapid growing period, regulations and improving of vocational education in economic stable rising stages, and thorough changing and opening of vocational education in the era of knowledge economy, which appears particular developmental processes and vivid native peculiarity.


The high-energy behavior of the scattering amplitude is investigated in detail in the ladder approximation by means of the perturbation-theoretical integral representation. It is shown that this representation without subtraction is very useful and can describe the Regge behavior. The main results of the multiperipheral model are reproduced in this approach, and its connection with the Regge pole is clarified in an elegant way. It is also pointed out that one can by no means exclude the possibility of non-Regge behavior in the ladder approximation, at least within this technique. (auth)


This study investigated dining and drinking experiences presented in popular media travel articles from three publications. Content analysis was used to investigate which experiences were mentioned, how restaurants and bars were presented, what cuisines were featured, and differences among cities. In total, 107 experiences were analyzed from eleven articles covering four cities. Results indicated a variety of experiences (both local and cosmopolitan) for each city, but also an emphasis on overconsumption. Overall, the articles presented a dual role of presenting each city as possessing a unique dining culture, while also presenting it the same as (or similar to) other cities. Marketing implications for cities and restaurants are also discussed.


e17532 Background: Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecologic tumor accounting for 2–5% of all gynecologic cancers. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered one of the factors contributing to the aggressive behavior of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. E- and N-cadherins are key regulators of this transition. The purpose of our study was to identify the features of the expression of EMT markers in vulvar cancer as prognostic factors. Methods: The study included 30 patients aged 39-70 years, mean age 52 years, with vulvar cancer: control group (n = 15) with vulvar cancer T1-2N0-M0 (G2); main group (n = 15) with vulvar cancer T1-2N1-M0 (G2) with metastases to inguinal lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical study was performed on sections from paraffin blocks of tumors using monoclonal mouse antibodies to E-cadherin (12#, Cloud-Clone Corp.) and N-cadherin (389, Invitrogen) and the UltraVision Quanto Detection System HRP DAB. Expression of E- and N-cadherin was semiquantitatively analyzed according to the cell percentage and stain intensity: 0 (0-10%); 1+ (11-30%); 2+ (31-70%); 3+ (> 70%). Expression was considered positive if the score was ≥2. Pearson's χ² test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The maximum staining for E-cadherin was observed in the control group (in 73%), for N-cadherin - in the main group (in 59%). Median expressions of E- and N-cadherin differed: in the control group, 70 [40-78] and 26 [0-40]; in the main group, 47 [45-60] and 59 [27-65]. Pearson's chi-squared test showed that patients with E-cadherin+ tumors (p = 0.006) statistically significantly prevailed in the control group, and patients with N-cadherin+ tumors (p = 0.027) prevailed in the main group. However, when considering the correlation between E-cadherin and N-cadherin in the groups, no statistically significant differences were found (rs = -0.042 in the control group and rs = 0.250 in the main group at p > 0.05), apparently due to the limited sample. Conclusions: The immunohistochemical study revealed a tendency towards loss of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin, which is often associated with poor prognosis.


This article further specifies the relationship between church-based resources, group identification and political activism among black Americans. Previous research indicates that political communication within churches and activism within the church serve to motivate political participation. Our research suggests that, net of relevant controls, activism within the church does not significantly increase protest politics. A key determinant of protest participation is attending a church that exhibits a politicized church culture, and this effect is contingent upon educational attainment and membership in secular organizations. Hence, the church serves as a crucial context for the dissemination of political messages and exposure to opportunities for protest only for those black Americans with relatively low educational achievement and organizational involvement. Group identification has no effect on protest participation.


Many promising embedded computer vision applications, such as stereo estimation, rely on inference computation on Markov Random Fields (MRFs). Sequential Tree-Reweighted Message passing (TRW-S) is a superior MRF solving method, which provides better convergence and energy than others (e.g., belief propagation). Since software TRW-S solvers are slow, custom TRW-S hardware has been proposed to improve execution efficiency. This paper proposes hardware mechanisms to further optimize TRW-S hardware efficiency, by tracking differences in input message values (residues) and skipping computation when values no longer change (residue is zero). Evaluations of our hardware mechanisms using Middlebury benchmark show 1.6x to 6x potential reduction in computation (depending on design parameters) while increasing energy by only 0.4% to 4.8%.


Phytochemical compounds present in Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of a film. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-biofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract ( Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine significant differences in the antibiofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used an experimental method consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment group was a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (Ciprofloxacin ), and negative control (CMC 1%). Measurement of biofilm inhibition was obtained from the reading of the Optical Density Value on the tool spectrophotometer which then calculated the percentage inhibition biofilm. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test and then Duncan's Post Hoc test was carried out. The results showed that Pisang Batu extract had an effect on the antibiofilm effect of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria where at a concentration of 100% an inhibition percentage value of 39.8% was obtained, a concentration of 75% obtained an inhibition percentage value of 58.03%, 50% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 28.11%, 25% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 18.06%, control positive (Ciprofloxacin ) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 95.19% and negative control (CMC 1%) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 0%. Then after further testing, a significant difference was obtained for all treatment groups with the best concentration obtained at a concentration of 75%.


Objective To investigate the effects of scavenger receptor A on the catabolism of lipid emulsions and further to see if it differently affects long-chain triglyceride (LCT) and fish oil (FO) emulsions. Methods A total of 24 C57BL/6J female mice, 10 to 12 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. Two groups of mice were intravenously injected with dextran sulfate ( DexSO4 ) ( 1 mg/mouse) followed by intravenous injection of [1α, 2α(n)-3H] cholesteryl oleoyl ether [(3H)CEt] labelled LCT or FO emulsions (0.4mg triglycerde/mouse) at 2 minutes respectively, and other two groups were injected by saline as controls before injection of (3H)CEt labelled LCT and FO emulsions. Then, blood was drawn at fixed intervals to measure the radioactivities and the emulsion's fractional catabolic rates (FCR) were calculated. With the same procedures above mentioned, non-radiolabelled LCT and FO emulsions were intravenously injected to mice to determine liver uptake of lipid emulsions under electromicroscopy. Finally, THP1 cell line was used to examine the effects of DexSO4 on cell uptake of LCT and FO emulsions in vitro. Results Pre-injection of DexSO4 to mice decreased the FCR of both LCT and FO emulsions at 72.38% and 47.38% respectively, as compared to controls ( P =0.020 ). Electromicroscopy showed that pre-injection of DexS04 decreased the uptakes of LCT and FO emulsions by Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells similarly. In hepatocytes, no lipid droplets existed in mice with LCT emulsion injection, whereas some lipid droplets were still shown in mice with FO emulsions but with less quantities compared to control mice.In vitro, addition of DexSO4 to medium decreased THP1 cell uptakes of LCT and FO emulsions ( P =0.003 and 0.008) by 30.74% and 41.60% respectively. However, no differences were found in the effects of DexS04 on cell uptakes between LCT and FO emulsions ( P =0.080). Conclusion Scavenger receptor A plays important roles in catabolism of lipid emulsions to some extent, and it's effects on FO emulsions may be less than LCT emulsions.

Key words:
Lipid emulsions;  Dextran sulfate;  Long-chain triglycerides;  Fish oil


AIM: To explore the content change of neurofilament (NF) protein subunits in experimental brain diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by lateral head rotation. METHODS: Twenty four SD rats were equally divided into three injury groups (2, 12, 24 h post injury) and one control group. The models of DAI were produced in all the rats of injury groups by lateral head rotation. Quantitative immunoactivity measurements by Western blot technique were used to measure the content of NF68 (a kind of NF protein subunits) in tissues from the brain stem in all the injured and control rats.RESULTS: NF68 content in brain stem tended to decrease 2 h after injury, decreased significantly 12 h after injury and continued its decrease up to 24 h after injury. NF56 and NF52, as the breakdown products of NF68, increased 2 h~12 h after injury, and reached a significantly higher level 24 h after injury. CONCLUSION: Phosphorolysis occurs within the brain stem in DAI induced by lateral head rotation, causes NF68 breakdown, resulted in NF68 decrease. Neurofilament protein subunits breakdown is an important reason for structural destruction of neurofilaments in DAI.


The root neck,scape and foliage of Anigozanthos manglesii were used as explants,which were inoculated to the MS substrate with different hormonal concentration.The results show that the root neck is the best explant of tissue culture and fast propagation for Anigozanthos manglesii.The best substrate to induce the growth of sprout is MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,and the inductivity is 93.3%.The most suitable substrate for proliferation of bud is MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,and it proliferated 7 times.The best substrate to induce root is 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0.01 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L,and every seedling proliferates 6~8 roots.The best substrate for living and growing of tissue culture seedling is compound of vermiculite,plant ash and sand(2∶2∶1),and the survival rate reaches 98%.


This study presents the assessment of beef quality determination based on the consumer preferences, established in the beef retailing shops. The aim was to establish correlation between the customers' preferences and quality attribute cues affecting their preferences. Systematic review approach was used to identify studies connected with beef quality determination, leading to secondary data. The primary data on consumer preferences was collected from 208 and 98 customers in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya cities in Tanzania. Quality attribute cues that impact customer preference were collected using a Likert scale technique and analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA by ranks, after checking the reliability by multiple regression model. Tenderness, price, juiciness, breed's information and fat content were observed to be the five topmost overall ranked quality cues that impact customers' preferences. With respect to relative ranking, the highest relatively ranked beef quality cues in search, experience and credence attributes were price, tenderness and breed's information. Based on primary data, the assessed quality cues were positively accepted as the factors that influence consumers' preferences on butcher's location (73.5% and 72.6%), personal relation with sellers (69.4% and 69.7%), beef color (70.4% and 70.2%) and fat content (69.4% and 69.2%) in Mbeya and Dar es Salaam, respectively, and noted to be very comparable between the cities. With exception of the photo of choice standard graded beef, the responses of customers in Mbeya were relatively higher than in Dar es Salaam, with type of cut and beef cleanliness being the two highest pointed quality cues.


Surprisingly, most species on Earth are rare, meaning that they exist in small numbers, and only a few are common, meaning that they are abundant and widespread. Monitoring rare species is very important because they are more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. In addition, many rare species may have unique functions in ecosystems, that we still do not understand well. Scientists need tools to tell how species rarity changes over time and across large areas. We developed an application called FuzzyQ (which stands for Fuzzy Quantification of common and rare species in ecological communities) to do that. FuzzyQ examines how individuals of each species are distributed and provides a measurement of the rarity of each species. With FuzzyQ, we can monitor how the rarity of species changes over time or across large geographical areas. So, FuzzyQ can supply crucial information for the conservation of rare species.


Virkki, Olli Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators Master's Thesis Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 80 pages Plastic scintillators (PS) are widely used as radiation monitors in industry and border control. Besides being a fast scintillation material, the low material cost, efficient bulk production and high sensitivity due to big sizes have made PSs a foundation of most radiation monitors as they are fast and cheap to deploy and efficient detectors. Due to their limited capabilities to distinguish different radiation sources, in the past they were mainly used as rough counters only to detect radiation. The increasing demand for different radioactive materials in industry and medical field increase the risk of illicit and inadvertent use or radiation sources. As a counterpart, the abundant naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in most cases do not require further investigation. Minimizing unnecessary workload while keeping the radiation monitoring efficient gives rise to the need of radiation source identification methods. The goal of this Master's thesis is to offer insight for plastic scintillators from an operational viewpoint. Possible next-generation operation modes for more precise radiation monitoring as well as different characterization methods to probe the functionality of a plastic scintillator are presented and tested in practice. The methods can be executed in on-field conditions and are applicable for plastic and other scintillation materials used in both operational and laboratory purposes.


The waist is considered as an important measurement point for clothing and represents part of a control section from which lower body garments hang and garments are often required to fit. However, unlike many measurement sites on the body the waist has no single landmark from which to reference it for a population. The non-contact nature of body scanning further complicates this, though automated measurement systems connected to body scanning have developed methods to determine the waist relative to surface geometry. Whilst body scanning provides an opportunity to analyse large volumes of data, there is limited knowledge of how differences in waist definitions using automated systems of measurement compare to waist placement with reference to accepted upper and lower limits. This work employed content analysis methods to understand existing clothing waist definitions and developed different waist definitions within automated measurement software of a TC2 scanner. Measurement extraction using this explorative set of definitions was undertaken on a sample of 106 females whose upper and lower waist limits had been determined through measurement. The data was then analysed to establish how the definitions compared to the waist height determined as the midpoint between the upper (lowest palpable rib) and lower (highest point of the right iliac crest) limits. It was possible to establish that proportional relationships between lengths that could help in defining waist placement and provide checks in automated extraction. As a result of this study a number of suitable waist definitions are proposed for use in the automated measurement software of body scanning technology.


A continuous section of the Pleistocene in the Black Sea provides an unusual opportunity to examine the changes in the hydrography and hydrochemistry of a basin reflected in the geochemistry of the accumulated sediments. A record of varying oxic lacustrine and anoxic marine conditions produced over the last 25,000 years by the Pleistocene fluctuations in sea level has been established as a result of detailed studies of the Recent sediments collected during cruise 49 of Atlantis II (Degens and Ross, 1974). Thus, anoxic marine waters filled the basin prior to 25,000 years B.P. after which time the Black Sea become isolated from the Mediterranean. The waters then became fresh and oxygenated for a period lasting until approximately 9000 years B.P. Marine waters started to spill over the Bosphorus sill as a result of the post-Würm sea-level rise and marine, anoxic conditions were re-established. Sediments deposited during the lacustrine stage (25,000-9000 years B.P.) are principally terrigenous, laminated silts and clays containing about 15% CaCCh and less than 0.5% organic carbon. A distinct sapropel unit overlies the lacustrine muds, the base of which has been dated at 7000 years B.P. The sapropel is finely laminated, contains both coccoliths and authigenic aragonite and between 1% and 20% organic carbon. The unit marks the period when free H2S was present in the deep water of the basin as a consequence of the stable density structure produced by the influx of saline waters into the lake. Above the sapropel is a laminated, carbonate-rich mud containing abundant coccoliths, mainly Emiliania huxleyi, representing the sediments deposited during the last 3000 years when essentially modern conditions had been established. Chemical and mineralogical data on the recent Black Sea sediments have been reported by Hirst (1974). They highlight the contrasting lithologies of the sediments as described by Ross and Degens (1974) and illustrate some of the geochemical distinctions that can be made between the oxic and anoxic sediments of the basin.


Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) offers high speed data transfer with various quality of service (QoS) for different applications. One of the services is the downlink ratio adjustment. Theoretically, the parameter allows users to manage bandwidth for uplink and downlink direction. As there is no related work to proof this parameter adjustment, this paper examines the impact through network simulator for downlink streaming. With limited total capacity of the simulated network, by using 4 nodes with downlink traffics varied from 5 to 15 kbps, simulation proofs that by changing downlink ratio from 0.1 to 0.9, the downlink stream performance is increasing with delay decrement up to 5.34 ms, jitter decrement 9.1 ms and packet loss reduction about 97.62%.


Ultrasound examination of a para 1, gravida 2, 26 y.o. showed severe hydrocephalus and polyhydramnios. Amniocentesis was performed at 27 weeks. High resolution chromosome analysis revealed a karyotype with a 9;12 translocation, a pericentric inversion of chromosome 11, and a paracentric inversion of chromosome 13. Parental chromosome studies were normal. The mother was not on medication prior to her pregnancy and there was no known exposure to radiation. Delivery was at 34 weeks gestation. The phenotype consisted of micrognathia, low set ears, hypertelorism, and hydrodcephaly. Review of the literature revealed a single report with multiple de novo aberrations consisting of a 6;14 translocation and a deleted 7. This was diagnosed in the child of a woman with systemic lupus erythematous treated with azathioprine. These types of abnormalities have been known to be induced by chemical and radiation exposure. High resolution banding combined with molecular studies presently improve our ability to detect subtle structural aberrations.


This exploratory investigation examines some of the generally held assumptions and stereotypes about the attitudes of undergraduate social work majors toward research and about their quantitative skills. A comparison of social work majors and social science majors in a social statistics course produced results that raise serious doubts about some of these assumptions and stereotypes. Our findings showed that social work majors were not deficient in their quantitative aptitudes, did not hold negative attitudes about research, and performed better than social science majors.


The paper presents a novel measurement preprocessing technique to enhance the performance of conventional Kalman-filter-based tracking algorithms. Received measurements are preprocessed, based on a maximum-likelihood estimation approach. Simulation results show the superior performance of this approach both in clean and cluttered environments.


Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology is one of the mainstream 3D packaging technologies, which can improve the speed and reduce the power consumption of the chip. However, with the increasing of interconnection density, due to the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of TSV and the substrate, great thermal mechanical stress will be generated in and around the TSV during the thermal cycle manufacturing process, leading to different kinds of quality and reliability problems. In this work, the CTE of Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposites has been comprehensively investigated by using the molecular dynamics simulation. Increasing the mass fraction of Al2O3 in Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposites decreases the CTE. The uniform distribution doping has larger interfacial area, thus enhancing the binding force on matrix deformation and reducing the CTE of Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposites. Cubic particles doping has a lower CTE than spherical particles. Those results provide new insights for the Cu-filled TSV materials and application.


A simple synthetic pathway to the unknown 9-furyl-substituted naphthofuran derivatives has been developed involving intramolecular cyclization of 2-carboxyaryldifurylmethanes and 2-formylaryldifuryl-methanes.


Richard Holton has presented an important criticism of two prominent accounts of action, a criticism that employs a notion of strength of will. Holton claims that these well-known accounts of action cannot explain cases in which an agent adheres to the dictates of a previous resolution in spite of a persistent desire to the contrary. In this chapter, I present an explanation and defense of Holton's criticism of these accounts of action, and then I argue that while Holton highlights a crucial deficiency in both, his own explanation of strength of will is problematic.


Instructional technology has become a hot topic of today' educational reform. This paper by developed the research profile of educational technology work on the literacy instruction for children and Chinese characters teaching for foreigners,bring up a state of poor studies in last one. Then it pointed out that it necessary to instructional technology to work on this field and it revealed that instructional technology is bound to an effective approach to reform and innovation for Chinese language teaching.


Applying the standard weighted mean formula, [Sigma (sub i)n(sub i)ssigma(sub i, sup -2)], to determine the weighted mean of data, n(sub i), drawn from a Poisson distribution, will, on average, underestimate the true mean by approx. 1 for all true mean values larger than approx.3 when the common assumption is made that the error of the i th observation is sigma(sub i) = max square root of n(sub i), 1).This small, but statistically significant offset, explains the long-known observation that chi-square minimization techniques which use the modified Neyman'chi(sub 2) statistic, chi(sup 2, sub N) equivalent Sigma(sub i)((n(sub i) - y(sub i)(exp 2)) / max(n(sub i), 1), to compare Poisson - distributed data with model values, y(sub i), will typically predict a total number of counts that underestimates the true total by about 1 count per bin. Based on my finding that weighted mean of data drawn from a Poisson distribution can be determined using the formula [Sigma(sub i)[n(sub i) + min(n(sub i), 1)](n(sub i) + 1)(exp -1)] / [Sigma(sub i)(n(sub i) + 1)(exp -1))], I propose that a new chi(sub 2) statistic, chi(sup 2, sub gamma) equivalent, should always be used to analyze Poisson- distributed data in preference to the modified Neyman's chi(exp 2) statistic. I demonstrated the power and usefulness of,chi(sub gamma, sup 2) minimization by using two statistical fitting techniques and five chi(exp 2) statistics to analyze simulated X-ray power - low 15 - channel spectra with large and small counts per bin. I show that chi(sub gamma, sup 2) minimization with the Levenberg - Marquardt or Powell's method can produce excellent results (mean slope errors approx. less than 3%) with spectra having as few as 25 total counts.


Traffic flow forecasting is crucial to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), particularly for route planning and traffic management. Spatiotemporal graph neural networks have been widely used for this purpose, where a global graph structure is mainly used, but local graph features are ignored. Multi-scale spatiotemporal features—the combined application of global and local graph features—can help effectively discover the underlying spatiotemporal patterns. This study proposed a multi-scale adaptive spatiotemporal forecasting model called Adaptive SpatioTemporal InceptionNet (AST-InceptionNet). To enrich the captured features and extract multi-scale spatiotemporal ones, the inception part is applied to combine local spatiotemporal features with several global ones. Additionally, we developed a fully adaptive graph convolution method, including topologically adaptive graph convolution and an adaptive adjacency matrix. It can autonomously and dynamically learn spatial heterogeneity and enable the proposed model to work with unknown adjacency relations. The proficiency of AST-InceptionNet was validated using four publicly available real-world traffic flow datasets. The experiments demonstrate a satisfactory performance from the proposed model, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods by up to approximately 12%.


Blind systems have been introduced to provide visual and thermal comfort, as well as to reduce energy use in buildings. A wide variety of such systems exist in terms of thermal and optical properties, location and physical configuration. The current problem with blinds is that their operation is not based on the dynamics of the room but on the static or manual control operated by occupants, although many studies have recognized that dynamic control can far outperform static control. One reason for the lack of dynamic control is that it is not easy to combine the room dynamics with any possible optimization algorithm. Hence, in this study, a whole building simulation tool, EnergyPlus, was integrated with the MATLAB optimization toolbox to solve for optimal control of blind systems. This paper addresses the difference between static versus optimal control of interior and exterior blind systems in office buildings.


The utility model relates to a means of transport which grabs and transfers materials through a grab bucket. The utility model comprises a suspension ring, a bucket grab body and a supporting beam for supporting the bucket grab body, wherein a hydraulic pusher is arranged under the hoisting ring, an oil cylinder of the hydraulic pusher is vertically arranged, a piston rod of the oil cylinder faces downward, the outer side of the bucket grab body is hinged at the lower end of the supporting beam and the inner side of the bucket grab body is hinged at the lower end of the piston rod. The utility model has the advantages of reliable performance, large grabbing strength, good synchroneity and short grabbing time.


PURPOSE: describe epidemiologic profile of patients enrolled in the oocyte reception program at Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS) in Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, and its main indications. METHODS: prospective descriptive study, in which 330 patients enrolled in the waiting list program were studied. Sixty-seven women, irrespective of their infertility factor and that had not been contemplated by the treatment were included. Thirty women who lived in other cities, 50 patients over 50 years old, 24 patients that didn't want to take part in the study, nine patients that asked to be left out of the program and 150 women that couldn't be found by phone calls were excluded. The 67 patients included were interviewed in order to answer a questionnaire. Their medical handbook was recovered to confirm that the investigation required to establish the cause of infertility had been done. The data was registered and analyzed by SPSS version 12.0 software. RESULTS: the patients' epidemiologic profile is age range 40 to 49 years old (82%), non-white skinned (77,6%), catholic (71,6%), married (59,7%), in high school (76,1%), secondary infertility (53,6%) from which due to tubal sterilization (40,3%) and those ones who started trying to conceive before 35 years old (91%). The main indication to enroll in this oocyte reception program was age and low ovarian reserve. CONCLUSION: the results demonstrated the indiscriminate tubal sterilization. The oocyte reception program benefits women with reserved reproductive prognostic.


This paper introduces an energy-efficient design method for Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerator. Although GPU is widely used for DNN acceleration, its huge power consumption limits practical usage on mobile devices. Recent DNN accelerators are dedicated to high energy-efficiency to realize real-time DNN acceleration with low power consumption. But a hardware-oriented algorithm is essential for realistic implementation. Therefore, various techniques of network compression are applied with the DNN accelerators that utilize several schemes to reduce computational complexity in trade of accuracy loss. This work studies the optimization schemes and presents a DNN accelerator architecture by hardware-software co-optimization.


Ferromagnetic films with both high perpendicular anisotropy and good compatibility with semiconductors have great potential not only in semiconductor spintronic devices, like spin light-emitting diodes, spin field-effect transistors, and lateral spin valves with perpendicular spin injectors, but also in high-density integration of metallic spintronic functional devices like nonvolatile magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) on semiconductor circuits. Furthermore, ferromagnetic films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and magnetic energy product could be admirable for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording and permanent magnets. As the most promising candidates for such potential application, perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloys, like L10-MnGa and L10-MnAl have attracted special attention in recent years. However, although the growth and characterization of them have been studied intensively on various substrates in the past decades, only a few films on GaAs or MgO experimentally demonstrated PMA and relatively small coercivity (Hc). The quest for L10-MnGa and L10-MnAl films with the fascinating theory-predicted properties remains a major challenge [1].


A memo from Nancy Reynolds, project coordinator for North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, to Barry Wagner and Ron Huebner. The memo is in regards to the North Texas and Nebraska Teleworkshop. Lynda Alford, art supervisors, has given Reynolds dates for videotaping art specialists and the classrooms with the teachers and art specialists. Reynolds needs to know if the dates are possible since Wagner and Huebner need to go through the proper channels.


The prevalence of occupational skin diseases reaches 20% up to 70% around the world. Occupational contact dermatitis cases reached 1.3-8.1 per 10,000 full-time workers per year in two decades. This research aims to identify the relationship between predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors on the contact dermatitis cases on palm oil plantation workers of PT. X in Semitau Subdistrict. This study design was a cross-sectional involving 72 samples. The independent variables covered age, gender, level of knowledge, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tenure, chemical contact, personal hygiene, history of occupational dermatitis, occupational history, and Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3). Then, the dependent variable was occupational dermatitis cases. A total of 54.2% of respondent suffered from occupational dermatitis. Some respondent were elderly (43.1%) and most of the subject were female (62.5%). The respondents had a good level of knowledge (37.5%), good personal hygiene (52.8%), and use complete PPE (25%). A total of 51.4% of respondent did not have chemical contacts and those who have <2 years of tenure reached 45.8%. Most of the subjects did not have an occupational history (81.9%) and occupational dermatitis history (75%). Half of the subjects had a good level of application of SMK3. Chi-Square Test results showed significant values of personal hygiene, use of PPE, and a history of the disease (<0.05) with p values of <0.05. There is a strong relationship between personal hygiene, the use of PPE, and the history of occupational dermatitis on palm oil plantation workers of PT. X in Semitau Subdistrict.


This work aimed at investigating the kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching by ferric sulphate in the presence of chloride ions. That was accomplished through batch tests performed with 0.5mol/L Fe3+ solutions, in which the temperature varied from 60oC to 90oC, whereas the NaCl concentration was increased up to 2mol/L. Chloride ions improved copper extractions, which increased from 16.4% in the absence to 29.4% with 1mol/L NaCl. The experimental data were fitted to the shrinking core model for constant particle size. The leaching kinetics was controlled by chemical reaction on the particle surface with activation energy of 55.6kJ/mol. Chloride ions also increased the reaction rate constant, which was about 1.5 to 2 times that in the absence of chloride and the reaction order was 0.24 with respect to NaCl.


Solving economic problems arising from the Southern Shaanxi immigrant relocation is an important part to realize the purpose of Southern Shaanxi immigrant relocation and promote immigrant relocation carried out smoothly. Taking Danfeng County as the research object,based on the deep investigation,the paper analyzed the existing problems in the economic development from the resources development,economic growth, industrial structure,agricultural product marketing,talent cultivation and training of migrant workers,and other aspects,put forward corresponding countermeasures,in order to provide the references for dissolving the Danfeng County immigrant relocation in a variety of economic and social contradictions.


This chapter provides a reply to Chapter 10 which is in Part IV of this book. This chapter agrees with the arguments of that chapter that Kripke's argument on the challenge to physicalism concerning the mental comes short. The interesting question is exactly why it comes short. It's a question that takes us to the heart of one central issue concerning the epistemology of the metaphysical modalities. The chapter starts by looking at Kripke's challenge. It analyses the Chapter 10's thoughts on the topic and presents a different response by way of conclusion.


Floryan, J. M., and Dallmann, U., "Flow over a Leading Edge with Distributed Surface Roughness," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 216, Dec. 1990, pp. 629-656. Stuart, J. T., "The Viscous Flow near a Stagnation Point When External Stream Has Uniform Vorticity," Journal of the Aero/Space Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1959, pp. 124-125. Tamada, K., *'Two-Dimensional Stagnation-Point Flow Impinging Obliquely on a Plane Wall," Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1979, pp. 310-311. Dorrepaal, J. M., "An Exact Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equation Which Describes Nonorthogonal Stagnation Point Flow in Two Dimensions," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 163, Feb. 1986, pp. 141-147. Hall, P., Malik, M. R., and Poll, I. A., "On the Stability of Infinite Swept Attachment Line Boundary Layer," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. A395, No. 1809, Oct. 1984 pp. 229-245.


AIMS: To relate the effect of progressive increases in the load of the school backpack with the posture of university students.METHOD: Twenty-six female university students from the physiotherapy course, aged between 18 and 25 years, were evaluated. Loads of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of the volunteers' body weight were placed in a backpack on the shoulders of the volunteers. Next, images were captured in the right sagittal plane, processed through Postural Assessment Software (SAPO). The statistical analyzes were performed using Analysis of Variance test.RESULTS: The results obtained demonstrated significant differences in the angles between the elbow and the anterior superior iliac spine when carrying 7% compared to 0% (p=0.001); and the acromion and anterior superior iliac spine comparing 7% with 0%, (p=0.032). In the other measurements, there were no significant differences.CONCLUSION: Loads from 7% of body weight are sufficient to promote postural changes.


This master's thesis describes an experimental pro gram investigating the strengthening of beams of glued laminated timber wi th composite reinforcement. The work compares the behavior of beams reinforced with composite reinforcement with unreinforced beam and with solid timber beam. The w ork also deals with identifying and evaluating the physic-mechanical properties of materials.


This paper presents two test data automatic generation methods which are based on weighted control flow graph (named WCFT) and boundary values of input parameters (named BVTG). Firstly, WCFT method generates a CFG from a given unit function, updates weight for it, then generates test data from the greatest weight test paths. In the meantime, WCFT can And dead code that can be used for automatic source code errors fix. Secondly, BVTG method generates test data from boundary values of input parameters of the given unit function. The combination of the two generated test data sets from these two methods will improve the error detection ability while maintaining a high code coverage. An implemented tool (named WCFT4Cpp) and experimental results are also presented to show the effectiveness of the two proposed methods in both time required to generate test data and error detection ability.


Protonation of sodium phenylethynyltellurolate with trifluoroacetic acid afforded trans-2,4-dibenzylidine-1,3-ditelluretan as the minor product, and cis- and trans- 2,6-diphenyl-1,4-ditellurafulvenes (4) and (5) as the major products which latter represent the first examples of 1,3-ditelluroles.


A cutset in a graph G with node set N is the set of edges joining the nodes in a subset of N to those not in the subset. We call a cutset critical if its removal produces a graph whose independence number is greater than that of G. We use the concept of a critical cutset to give first a necessary, then a sufficient condition for an inequality with 0--1 coefficients to be a facet of the set-packing polytope defined by G.


Abstract Histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy of bone marrow origin that occurs in lymph nodes, skin, and the gastrointestinal tract. We report on the imaging features of two cases of primary histiocytic sarcoma, one in the retroperitoneum causing a tumor–bowel fistula and another with primary bone involvement.


Abstract:Folklorists have long studied how lives are grieved, and these efforts can adapt to changing forms of vernacular commemoration in current contexts of global precarity. This article explores two case studies with surprising resonance, post-Katrina New Orleans and postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina. In each instance, survivors of disaster or genocide mark their losses despite ongoing instabilities and even displacement, with absence emerging as both a condition and a feature of memorialization. Two important forms of commemoration materialize in these contexts, counting and mattering. Katrina survivors and genocide survivors employ the multiple meanings of each word through their performances of commemoration: they emphasize the numerical toll of victims, mark those victims' lives and deaths as important, engage with the material presence of death, and demand recognition of their own enduring significance.


High entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have been proposed to serve as improved cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); however, the larger compositional design space introduced by HEPOs urges for a better understanding of the correlation among the composition, phase stability and resulting properties for HEPO cathodes. In this work, a series of LaMnO3 based HEPOs (HEALMOs) were designed systematically to investigate the effect of A site high entropy composition on the structure and thermochemical/ electrical properties of the HEALMO materials. The results show that the high entropy effect manifests itself on top of the conventional doping effect. First of all, neither Goldschmidt's tolerance factor nor the cation size difference can be used simply to predict the formation ability of single-phase HEALMOs. Meanwhile, HEALMOs may adopt higher crystallography symmetry with much higher cation size differences and at Goldschmidt's tolerance factor values deviated more largely from 1. Secondly, while high-temperature stability including both resistance to elemental segregation and chemical compatibility with 8YSZ is affected by the A site cation size difference in a similar way as for conventional perovskite oxides, HEALMOs show much enhanced stability at larger A site cation size differences. Finally, high entropy contributes to the maintenance of electrical conductivity in the high temperature range. The optimum HEALMO with the composition of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Ca0.2Sr0.2)MnO3 exhibits the combination of excellent high-temperature stability and good electrical conductivity, highlighting its great potential as a promising cathode material for SOFCs.


Traveling wave tubes (TWT) intended for telecommunications applications are increasingly required to have high linearity, good intermodulation performance, and high power levels; especially for use as modern multi-carrier power amplifiers (MCPA) and in systems that use digital signal encryption. The linearity of the TWT is greatly improved by optimization of the taper of the helix circuit to reduce the gain compression and phase shift of the output signal as the drive level is increased, and by operation of the tube significantly backed off from saturation in the linear region of the AM/AM and AM/PM transfer curves. However, backed off operation at a given output power level requires increased beam current and power handling capabilities compared to a design operating at saturation, and also results in a greatly reduced efficiency of the TWT. At Hughes, we have developed L-band and S-band TWTs for telecommunication applications that provide good intermodulation performance and high efficiency compared to solid-state amplifiers. The L-band model TWT normally operates 8 dB backed off from 1600 W at saturation, and produces over 250 W of continuous output power with an 8-tone continuous-random-phase signal intermodulation level of -28 dBc and an efficiency of over 25%. The S-band model TWT normally operates 6 dB backed off from 2000 W at saturation, and has produced over 500 W of continuous output power at an efficiency of over 35%.


The one-dimensional unsteady compressible non-isentropic flow prediction method for pressure waves produced by a high-speed train through a tunnel with perforated hoods is proposed . The equations of one-dimensional flow in which the area of the tube is dependent on the time and the distance were numerically solved by the method of characteristics expressed with generalized Riemann Variables. The calculations were performed for tunnels with various hoods of which porosities are different. The effects of the porosity of the hood for the shape and pressure gradient of compression waves were quantitatively clarified. The results show that the pressure gradient with time of compression waves is affected largely by the porosity of the hood. This method is used to investigate entry pressure waves of tunnels with the perforated hoods for analyzing micro-pressure waves .


This paper considers the aspect of dynamic routing in a cir- cuit switched network which is not a full connected network. It also presents the theoretical considerations that affect the selec- tion and definition of routes as well as parameters that affect the link resource capacities. In restrictions set in this way im- posed by ground/ground (G/G) voice communication in ATM (Air Traffic Management) the solutions of performance for the suggested dynamic routing scheme have been achieved.


Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, affecting 1 in 20 women globally. Breast cancer is divided into four subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like. Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer accounts for nearly 80% of all breast cancer cases and most breast cancer deaths occur in patients with breast cancer of luminal subtypes. Estrogen receptor antagonists are the standard-of-care treatment for this type of breast cancer; however, resistance to these treatments is common in the clinic. Therefore, we aimed to explore novel therapeutic strategies for inhibiting estrogen receptor activity in breast cancer. Estrogen receptor relies on two highly related proteins, known as CBP and p300, to function. We report that CBP/p300 inhibitors effectively block estrogen receptor function and inhibit breast cancer cell growth. These findings reveal CBP and p300 as promising new targets for breast cancer treatment. Abstract Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is the oncogenic driver for ER+ breast cancer (BC). ER antagonists are the standard-of-care treatment for ER+ BC; however, primary and acquired resistance to these agents is common. CBP and p300 are critical ER co-activators and their acetyltransferase (KAT) domain and acetyl-lysine binding bromodomain (BD) represent tractable drug targets, but whether CBP/p300 inhibitors can effectively suppress ER signaling remains unclear. We report that the CBP/p300 KAT inhibitor A-485 and the BD inhibitor GNE-049 downregulate ER, attenuate estrogen-induced c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression, and inhibit growth of ER+ BC cells through inducing senescence. Microarray and RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that A-485 or EP300 (encoding p300) knockdown globally inhibits expression of estrogen-regulated genes, confirming that ER inhibition is an on-target effect of A-485. Using ChIP-seq, we report that A-485 suppresses H3K27 acetylation in the enhancers of ER target genes (including MYC and CCND1) and this correlates with their decreased expression, providing a mechanism underlying how CBP/p300 inhibition downregulates ER gene network. Together, our results provide a preclinical proof-of-concept that CBP/p300 represent promising therapeutic targets in ER+ BC for inhibiting ER signaling.


This paper presents a methodology that can use both experts' knowledge and statistical data to estimate the parameters of PHM. The knowledge elicitation process is based on case analyses and comparisons. This method results in a set of inequalities which in turn define a feasible space for the values of the parameters of PHM. By sampling from the feasible space the empirical prior distribution can be estimated. Then, using the Bayes rule and statistical data the posterior distribution can be obtained. The technique described in this paper has been tested several times in laboratory experiments and real industrial cases and have shown very promising results. Since PHM has been applied in many areas such as medical science, finance, organizational demography, etc we believe that the results of this research have wide applicability


Business game includes a unique opportunity to develop strategies and tactics. Basing on analysis of literature and own experience the role of the disciplinary business game (in particular, the study of problems the doctrine of blood) in modern higher medical education was highlighted. The approaches using of the business game in educational process to forming and knowledge development was exposed.


The present invention relates to a support device (4) of the rear seat apparatus for a vehicle, said support means comprises a bearing pin forming the axis of rotation (5.2) and comprises a rotary support (5.3 can be pushed into the support pin (5.2) on ). Support pin (5.2) and a rotation bearing (5.3) each have mutually corresponding structures, the structure to ensure that the support pin (5.2) and a rotation bearing (5.3) to axially and radially move each other without using the lower phase position. Support pin (5.2) can be guided through the opening rotation of the support (5.3) in (O1, O2) during assembly, and is used to ensure that the position without axial and radial movement can be followed by a pivot pin (5.2) and / or rotational support (5.3) is adjusted. The present invention further relates to a method of assembling a support device (4) is provided.


The author holds that arbitrament of disputing matters is not a pure theoretical issue in theinternational business affairs arbitration, which, to great extent, may determine the effect ofarbitration agreements, the jurisdiction, the acknowledgement and execution of arbitramentadjudichon, etc.. A trend of the international legislation and judical practice is the scopeenlargement of arbitrament items. In comparison with the scope, such a disadvantage of beingtoo narrow does exist in china, which needs immediate enlargement.


e m p i r i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l i s s u e s . I n t h i s c o n t e x t , c o m m e n t a r i e s o n t h e Sum ma Theologiae o f T h o m a s A q u i n a s , w h i c h h a d c o n t i n u e d t o b e t h e l i f e s o u r c e o f R o m a n C a t h o l i c t h e o l o g y , b e g a n t o s e p a r a t e p r a c t i c a l / e t h i c a l a n d s p e c u l a t i v e / m y s t i c a l l i n e s o f i n q u i r y . A d d i t i o n a l l y , p e n i t e n t i a r i e s , w h i c h f o r m e d t h e b a s i s f o r h a n d b o o k s o f m o r a l t h e o l o g y i n t h e s e v e n  t e e n t h c e n t u r y , b e c a m e i n c r e a s i n g l y j u r i d i c a l a n d l e g a l i s t i c i n n a t u r e , r e  f l e c t i n g a g a i n t h e e m p i r i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l e m p h a s i s i n t h e E u r o p e a n m e n  t a l i t y o f t h e a g e 2. T h i s e v o l u t i o n in C a t h o l i c a p p r o a c h e s t o t h e o l o g y o c c u r r e d j u s t a s t h e C o u n c i l o f T r e n t p l a c e d m o r e d e m a n d s o n t h e t r a i n i n g o f t h e p a r i s h c l e r g y , w i t h t h e g o a l o f i n c r e a s e d i n v o l v e m e n t i n t h e m o r a l a n d r e l i g i o u s d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e i r p a r i s h i o n e r s . S e m i n a r y t r a i n i n g w a s t h e n e w n o r m f o r a l l p a r i s h c l e r g y ( t h o u g h b u i l d i n g a n d s t a f f i n g t h e s e m i n a r i e s w a s a s l o w p r o c e s s ) a n d i n v o l v e d a m u c h s h o r t e r c o u r s e o f s t u d y t h a n t h a t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e n e e d f o r i n s t r u c t i v e m a n u a l s t h a t c o u l d b e e a s i l y c o n  s u l t e d b y p a r i s h p r i e s t s g a v e r i s e t o t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f c o m p e n d i u m s o f m o r a l t h e o l o g y , w r i t t e n i n m o r e s i m p l e l a n g u a g e a n d p r o v i d i n g g u i d e l i n e s f o r p r i e s t s in t h e i r d u t i e s a s c o n f e s s o r s a n d p a s t o r a l l e a d e r s . T h e S o c i e t y o f J e s u s i n i t i a t e d t h e e f f o r t t o w a r d d e v e l o p i n g s u c h m a n u a l s , w i t h t h e Institutiones morales b y J u a n A z o r , S . J . ( p u b l i s h e d 1 6 0 0 i n 3 v o l u m e s ) s e r v i n g a s t h e f i r s t s u c h c o m p e n d i u m t h a t w a s w i d e l y u s e d , i n c l u d i n g i n P o l a n d 3. N o t o n l y J e s u i t s , b u t D o m i n i c a n s i n p a r t i c u l a r , a s w e l l a s F r a n  c i s c a n s , P i a r i s t s , T h e a t i n e s , A u g u s t i n i a n s , a n d e v e n t u a l l y U n i a t e B a s i 2 See: Cessario R., 0. P. Introduction to Moral Theology. Washington, 2001; Bajda J. Teologii moralna (kazuistyczna) w XVII—XVIII wieku / / Dzjeje teologii katolickiej w Polsce. T. 2: Od odro dzenia do oswiecenia. Cz. I: Teologia humanistyczna / Ed. Mariana Rechowicza. Lublin, 1975 S. 269-300. 3 See: Bajda J. Teologia moralna. S. 271—275; Moral Theology / / New Catholic Encyclopedic 150 Київська Академія. Випуск 7 lians, produced similar works. The most popular and influential manual for the late seventeenth and eighteenth century was the Medulla theologiae moralis by Hermann Busenbaum (first published in 1645), which proliferated in Poland and had some 200 editions in all Catholic coun tries of Europe 4. In the production of their own moral theologies, Polish theologians clung longer to some maintenance of the speculative, ascetic aspects of morality than their contemporaries in the West. By the eighteenth cen tury, however, the legalistic and practical nature of the West European moral theologies predominated in Polish versions as well 5. Discussions of moral and sacramental issues were legalistic in both method and sources, with frequent citations from canon law scholars, papal bulls, and decrees of Church councils — especially Trent. The use of reason, logic, and philosophical ethics in cases of conscience took precedence over the discussion of New Testament teachings or spiritual concepts. This practical approach to the theology of sin and penitence had no equivalent in the Orthodox Church, which continued to rely upon the general concepts of Christian values as expressed in the New Testament and the writings of the church fathers as the foundation of its pastoral guidance. The subordination of spiritual concepts to the rational argumentation of moral theology in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was later criticized within the Catholic Church as a stagnant stage of its theological development6. For the Uniate Church, however, the influ ence of this rational, legalistic approach to theology produced a substan tively different philosophical and theological outlook compared to the Orthodox tradition and helped in bolstering a Uniate identity that was clearly distinct from Orthodoxy. Uniate moral theologies, based on the Roman Catholic models, created a religious mentality that overlay the mysteries of the sacraments and Christian faith with a legalistic and ra tional perspective on the teachings of the faith and on categorizing sin in day-to-day life. In this way, Uniate moral theology incorporated a dramatic philosophical leap from Orthodox patristic theology and pasto ral practice. By the late seventeenth century, Basilian clergy and Uniate hierarchy who had studied Catholic moral theology in Rome began to compile and 4 Bajda J. Teologia moralna. S. 284. The edition of Busenbaum consulted here was Medulla theologiae moralis facili ac perspicua methodo resolvens casus conscienti, ex variis probatisque authoribus concinnata. Cologne, 1712. The contents are, in brief: Book 1: on norms of moral acts, arising from internal norms of the conscience and external norms of law; Book II: on the theo logical virtues of faith, hope, and charity; Book III: the Ten Commandments and the command ments of the Church; Book IV: precepts of clerical and secular positions; Book V: on determin ing the nature and gravity of sin; Book VI: on the sacraments; and Book VII: on ecclesiastical censure. Considered a short and usable volume, this edition is 752 pages long and has a detailed alphabetical index. 5 Bajda J. Teologia moralna. S. 281—291. 6 Bajda J. Teologia moralna. S.. 279; New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. P. 1121. Barbara Skinner. Uniate Moral Theology in the Eighteenth Century 151 produce moral theologies specifically for the Uniate Church. Leon Kiszka, who at that time was the protoarchimandrite or superior of the Basilian order in Lithuania, published the first such book in 1693 7. (Kiszka later became the Uniate Metropolitan who oversaw the Synod of Zamosc in 1720.) Other compilers of moral theologies were for the most part teachers and preachers in the Basilian educational and pastoral network rather than members of the hierarchy. Indicating a full appropriation of the Roman Catholic moral theology tradition, the Uniate moral theology handbooks cited the same sources as those in the Roman Catholic manuals: the de crees and canons of the Council of Trent; the scholastic writings of Ss. Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and others; and the writings of Jesuits who influenced the development of the handbooks of moral theology, such as Suarez, Vasquez, Sanchez, and Azor 8. Making the moral theol ogy handbooks their own, however, distinct from the Roman Catholic tradition, the Uniate authors included papal decisions on the practices of the Greek-rite churches, as well as citations of Greek theologians, such as Gregory of Nazianzus, on the form and method of the Greek sacraments. Bringing the moral theology tradition into the Uniate community in Poland-Lithuania, Kiszka also emphatically cited Univ Archimandrite Varlaam Szeptycki's Trebnik of 1681 for references to the correct practices of the sacraments 9. The Uniate monastic clergy (Basilians) produced and distributed mor al theology handbooks with the goal of providing accessible explanations of the practices of the faith for the parish priest. Throughout the Ruthenian provinces of the Commonwealth, candidates for the Uniate priest hood continued to rely heavily upon home study for basic literacy and knowledge of the rite and ritual — as did their Orthodox counterparts. While the number of Uniate priests with formal education in the form of classical Latin studies in the public schools or the schools of Basilians and the various Roman Catholic teaching orders was increasing by the final decades of the eighteenth century, the number of those who attended seminary — even after the establishment of Uniate seminaries in the 1780s in Zhytomyr and Radomyshl — remained small. Instead, parish priests often relied on their cathedral stays before examination for necessary training in theology. Particularly in the dioceses of Lutsk and Pinsk, the cathedral schools were a central source for parish priests to gain training 7 Now Roinych Przypadkdw, z Pelni Doktorow Theologii Moralney ziawiony. To iest: Kazusy Ruskiemu Duchowiehstwu. Lublin, 1693. A Ruthenian translation of Kiszka was also widely con sulted: Собрание припадков краткое, и духовным особам потребное... Супрасль, 1722 и Унев, 1732. On the latter, see: Корзо M. Украинская и Белорусская катехетическая традиция кон ца XVI—XVIII вв. Становление, эволюция и проблема заимствований. М., 2007. С. 436—444. 8 As notated in: Kiszka L. Now Roinych Przypadkdw, Narolski J. Teologia Moralna albo Do Obyczajow Sciqgaiqca si% przez Pewnego Bazyliana Kaplana Prowincyi Lilewski zebrana na dwie czqsci podzielona. Vilnius, 1777; Koronczewski A. Teologia Moralna dla sposobiqcych si% do stanu kaplanskiego. Y owszem: dla wszystkich duchownych staranie dusz ludzkich maiqcych. Cz. 1 -2. Suprasl, 1779. 9 For example, Kiszka L. Now Roznych Przypadkdw. S. 45—46, and 48. 152 Київська Академія. Випуск 7 in moral theology, as well to perfect their training in the Slavonic rite l0 *. After ordinatio


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The parameter estimation problem to the moving average (MA) model is equivalent to a spectral factorization problem, which is a very difficult nonlinear estimation one. By the Kalman filtering, based on the transformation of the moving average (MA) model into the state space model, the consistence and exponential convergence of the Gevers-Wouters algorithm for scalar invertible MA model parameter estimation, is proved, and it is proved that the convergence rate is determined by the zeros of the MA polynomial. When the zoro points of stable MA polynomial are not approximate to the unit circle, the Gevers-Wouters algorithm can quickly give the MA paremeter estimates with the higher accuracy, and becomes a fast, simple and efficient spectral factorization algorithm. It provides an important tool for state estimation, signal processing, time series analysis system identification.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Legal actions involving claims for post-acquisition purchase price adjustments are a growing area where a CPA's expertise in GAAP, financial forensics and business valuation is in high demand. A CPA may become involved in a post-MA the buyer's expectations were based on future performance; the business was significantly devalued after the acquisition; and the misstatement would have been "material" to a "willing buyer." ********** [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Given today's environment of bankruptcies, bank failures and recessionary pressure, consummating merger and acquisition transactions is more challenging than ever. The potential disputes arising from the challenges of an MA and indemnity claims involving whether the buyer in the transaction obtained the benefit of the bargain. Most post-acquisition disputes involve some form of financial forensics, and therefore lend themselves to general CPA skills. More often than not, however, these disputes involve specialized business valuation skills (see sidebar "Breaking Into Business Valuation") and are well suited for experienced valuation professionals with a deep skill set in the interpretation of GAAP who are also damage experts and can be credible witnesses in this area (see sidebar "How to Get Experience in M&A-Related Disputes"). This article describes the types of issues that arise in these disputes. Consider the following example of an M&A dispute in which a CPA may become involved: Company A acquires Company B for $400 million, or eight times the annual EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) of $50 million. Company A alleges Company B overstated EBITDA by $10 million as a result of material misrepresentations involving GAAP violations. Company A alleges it bargained for a business worth $400 million and received a business worth $320 million, or EBITDA of $40 million x 8 (the EBITDA multiple). POST-ACQUISITION DISPUTES Post-acquisition disputes between an acquirer and a target company (selling shareholders or management) can arise in various ways, each with unique facts and circumstances producing a combination of accounting, valuation and legal issues. While parties to mergers and acquisitions attempt to create a purchase and sale agreement that clarifies the responsibilities and duties of each party, contracts are often imperfect and open to interpretation, resulting in disputes after the purchase and sale agreement is executed or the transaction is consummated. The most common M&A disputes involve post-closing adjustments for working capital or net assets, indemnity or fraud claims, material adverse change (MAC) claims, and earnout disputes (when both buyer and seller share the risk), among others. MEASURING DAMAGES IN M&A DISPUTES In a typical acquisition transaction, the target company's purchase price will be evaluated as a multiple of trailing 12 months reported EBITDA with an adjustment for any working capital excess or deficiency above or below a contractually agreed-upon level. …


Abstract : High-strength geotextiles coupled with polymeric vertical strip drains have essentially replaced the use of sand drains in the consolidation of soft clay deposits. Soft soils described in this report were saturated fine- grained organic silts and clays with an undrained shear strength of less than 100 lb/sq. ft. These materials were typical of maintenance dredged materials that are dredged by the US Army Corps of Engineers from rivers, port facilities, and harbors. This report contains a critique of the state of the art for soil stabilization using geosynthetic materials. It describes the implementation and performance of a high-strength geotextile and vertical strip drains in an ongoing project, Seagirt Project, being constructed by the Maryland Port Authority, Baltimore, Maryland. The Seagirt Stabilization Project consisted of a 113-acre dredged material containment area that contained 18 ft of fine-grained dredged material 50 to 150 percent above the liquid limit to depths of 20 to 33 ft. This surface contained alligator cracked crust 3 to 12 in. deep on the ground surface allowing one to walk on most of the areas to be stabilized. This report discusses the design philosophy, construction methodology, and development of new and innovative materials that are being developed for solving complex geotechnical problems. Purpose of this report was to evaluate the performance of the geotextile at the Seagirt Project and its bearing on the proposed Corps of Engineers project in the Port of Wilmington, Delaware, entitled Wilmington Harbor South Disposal Area, and other similar projects in the future.


Taxonomy is considered basic for research in the field of biology. It has correlation with all important fields of study like ecology, medicine, biodiversity, agriculture etc. By collecting the data regarding new species recorded from 2000 to 2017, the work of Pakistani taxonomists is negligible against taxonomy of insects as they covered only some parts of these orders like Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Neuroptera and Phthiraptera. Topography and climatic conditions of this country is favorable for insect biodiversity but there are some challenges need to overcome by financial support, taxonomy as a compulsory subject for zoology students, conduction of short national and international training programs, availability of related literature, enough journals to publish work and establishments of identification centers.


The Multi-Aperture Imaging Interferometer (MAI2), which Alcatel Space has been developing for ESA for deep nulling demonstration in preparation of the Darwin project, is based on an innovative layout, where both beam combination and modal wave-front filtering functions are achieved by means of an Integrated Optics (IO) component. Two different components, based on different designs and technologies, have been developed and characterised by LAOG with detailed design and manufacturing performed by IMEP/GeeO/LETI. SAGEIS-CSO (optical path control) and Alcatel Space have developed the other breadboard functions. The MAI² interferometer achieved stable Darwin-class nulling (10-5) of a simulated star in monochromatic light, and with a relative bandwidth of several percent (10-4). Operation in non-polarised light, with unchanged nulling performances, was also demonstrated. Preliminary characterisation of the relationship between nulling and bandwidth is also provided.


According to the special requirements of blind area of uv detection system,HfO2,Mgf2 and IGS1 three kinds of high and low index material combination forms was selected.The monitoring method was adopted in the JGS1 base by using electron beam,ion auxiliary deposition and quartz crystal oscillation technology.This paper studied the HfO2 and Mgf2 film deposition technology electron beam,optimized the HfO2 in different materials combination of the deposition process,and solved the basement membrane layer and adhesion;Meanwhile improve the crack phenomenon with the thickness variation of Mgf2.The 0.24-0.28 μm ultraviolet,thin film deposition blind band process and spectral characterisitics problem.


ABSTRACT Friction tests were conducted with a direct-acting automotive valvetrain to evaluate the effect of the axial cross-sectional shape of the cam on friction using various cam shapes from concave to convex. The results revealed that friction levels could be understood as a function of the contact ratio between the cam and mating valve lifter regardless of the cam cross-sectional shape. A flat shape with a high contact ratio was found to have the lowest level of friction. Compared to a convex-shaped cam of the same height, a concave cam tended to show higher friction because of the lower contact ratio with the valve lifter. The results of finite element method (FEM) calculations also showed that the higher contact pressure of concave cams in the contact area was a factor that caused greater friction.


The effects of pretreatments on yield and qualities of canned whole kernel sweet corn were studied Average yield, drained weight, pH, total soluble solids, and the heating and cooling parameters were determined. The processed canned samples were analyzed for nutrients. It was found that non-blanching process showed more advantages than the process with blanching. The average of yield of the corn kernels, drained weight, total soluble solids, and the nutrient retention of the non-blanching process were higher than the process with blanching, while the weight of the waste residue was lower. However the blanching process has advantage in resulting higher initial temperature (It), shorter rate of heating (fh), rate of cooling (fc) and process lethality at the geometrical center of the can (Fc) from which may result in the shorter thermal process required for the product.


Frontonasal Dysplasia (FND) is a rare disorder characterized by deformities of variable severity affecting the craniofacial region. FND with bilateral anophthalmia has not been reported yet in the literature. Maxillofacial surgery should be considered for all patients for whom improvement is possible. But in countries like Pakistan where there are considerable limitations in provision of social services, with economic and educational constraints, correction of such major defects remains a challenging task. In this report in an infant a very severe form of frontonasal dysplasia with bilateral anophthalmia with review of literature is presented.


With th e impact of informatization and the practice of culture strategy, Nanjing has to face a new development direction. This paper illustrates the application of Nanjing's new information technology at present from perspective of applied objects, applying subjects and industry's development. Then it analyses effects that Nanjing's cultural space affected by new information technology from culture spreading, cultural industry mixed with new information technology industry and cultural space's restructuring. Therefore, Nanjing's distinctive culture has been popularized, cultural industry has evolved many new industries, cultural organization has expanded and cultural industry cluster has formed. In the end of the paper, the authors give their reflections and give the suggestion for the development of cultural space in Nanjing.


This symposium contribution applies an institutional choice analysis, looking at whether legislatively-driven regulation or judicially-derived common law is better suited at addressing possible privacy violations that result from the disclosure of sensitive information by websites engaged in publishing or aggregating news. The piece proposes using as a measure of effectiveness the level of individual choice that different legal frameworks provide. Taking the litigation in Bollea v. Gawker as a focal point--where Hulk Hogan sued a news site that disclosed an excerpt of a sex tape of which he was unwittingly the subject--the paper shows that the law must balance the loss of choice via reductions of privacy with increases in choice that result for third parties as a result of these reductions. The choices of third parties include the ability to obtain and act on (sometimes unsavory) information about an individual who did not wish to have that information disclosed. The symposium piece concludes that the common law is generally better suited at addressing the heavily context-specific legal issues that arise from the behavior of news sites in this arena.


The historical events that led to the burning of the Talmud in 1242 in Paris and various texts in Latin and Hebrew that record the event have been analyzed by scholars. In this chapter, the author introduces into discussion two additional Hebrew texts that are still in manuscript. The first text was discovered in the Moscow National Library by Joseph Shatzmiller in the 1980s and was described briefly by the late Israel Ta-Shma, but has not received much attention since. The second text, actually a mere fragment, consists of just ten lines and is found in a manuscript in the Vatican Library. This study attempts to resolve two primary questions: which of the two versions of the Vikkuah , the standard Grũnbaum one or that of the Moscow manuscript, is more original? and what is the relationship between the three Hebrew versions of the events of 1240 and the Latin one?. Keywords:Hebrew; Latin; Moscow version; Paris; standard version; Talmud trial; Vikkuah


This report describes an experimental investigation of two factors which are believed to influence users trust and willingness to engage in online commerce. The factors are: (a) reputation (a factor related to brand), and (b) personalisation. One hundred and seven users were logged on to a mock travel insurance website and asked to fill in insurance forms online, to make a decision as to whether or not they wanted to purchase insurance and then to answer a follow-up questionnaire. Behavioural and subjective measures of trust in the site were taken. Personalisation was shown to favourably influence user judgments about the site, although not to direcly influence trust.


Objective: To study the levels of intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in serum of HCC and estimate the value in progression,prognosis of HCC.Methods: Serum ICAM-1,VEGF and AFP were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 65 cases of HCC.Fifteen health control subjects were included in the study.Results: Serum ICAM-1 and AFP in posttherapeutic cases of HCC were significantly declined as compared to those in pretherapeutic patients(P0.05).Serum VEGF was no significantly changed after treatment.Conclusion: Evaluating of serum ICAM-1 and VEGF are related to the progression and prognosis of HCC.


We would like to thank Stephen Burgess, Melissa Davey, Rob Elder, Perry Francis, Jen Han, Sam Knott, Nick Oulton, Peter Richardson, Jeremy Rowe, Chris Shadforth, Sally Srinivasan and Iain de Weymarn for comments and discussion on earlier drafts, and Alexander Haywood and Laura Wightman for research assistance. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Bank of England.


As the core hub linking water and road transportation,port is an important node of logistic infrastructure network.Port logistics is the integrated transportation mode,and the important part of logistic service network.In the context of world economic integration,higher requirements for the development of international logistics have been put forward.As the logistic node to serve the development of international logistics,it is of great significance to master the situation and promotion strategy of port logistic competitiveness,which is the whole capacity of port logistic infrastructure,logistic service and logistic management.The present paper analyses and constructs the connotation and index of port logistic competitiveness,chooses the typical region ports as research objects,applies factor analysis,and conducts an empirical study on the port logistic competitiveness from the perspective of the port logistic infrastructure.According to the empirical research results,strategies have been put forward to enhance the competitiveness of the port logistics from the perspective of plan construction and development of port logistic infrastructure.


The learning curve is the most important step in the early stages of using a programming language. The most popular are C / C ++ and Java. In an academic environment, homework is important to ensure appropriate learning. E-learning is gaining widespread use and is used as an important method of education, especially in higher education. Manual evaluation of the program by the instructor or an expert is a slow process subject to errors and manual errors. The evaluation and automatic evaluation of student responses / activities play an important role in improving e-learning and provide instructors with a long-term and long term task of manually assessing and classifying student assignments / programs. Online work delivery systems help teachers with time management problems and student assessment processes. It gives students a sense of practical application of the theoretical concepts taught in the classroom. A good style of programming is very important for software professionals. In collage, manual control of programming tasks is a tedious task. Current programming assignments are not verified for all test cases. The purpose of this document is to explore the available tools, design and develop a web-based interactive application that computer students can use to send programming tasks and get feedback in real time. We have proposed a model for the automatic evaluation and qualification of the Java programs presented by the students during the presentation of the paper term or a practical exam. The online application that has been designed and developed based on this document consists of an authorization, presentation and analysis component.


Landscape design has been embraced as a promising approach to holistically balance multiple goals related to environmental and resource management processes to meet future provisioning and regulating ecosystem services needs. In the agricultural context, growing bioenergy crops in specific landscape positions instead of dedicated fields has the potential to improve their sustainability, provide ecosystem services, and minimize competition with other land uses. However, growing bioenergy crops in sub‐productive or environmentally vulnerable parts of a field implies more complex logistics as small amounts of biomass are generated in a distributed way across the landscape. We present a novel assessment of the differences in production and logistic costs between business as usual (BAU, dedicated fields), and distributed landscape production of shrub, or short‐rotation willow for bioenergy within a US Midwestern landscape. Our findings show that regardless of the mode of cropping, BAU or landscape design, growing shrub willows is unlikely to provide positive revenues (−$67 to –$303 ha−1 yr−1 at a biomass price of $46.30 Mgwet−1) because of high land rental costs in this agricultural region. However, when translated into a practice cost per unit of N removed at the watershed scale (range: $1.8–37.0 kg N−1 yr−1), the net costs are comparable to other conservation practices. The projected opportunity cost of growing willows instead of corn on underproductive areas varied between –$14 and $49 Mgwet−1. This highlights the potential for willows to be a cost effective choice depending on the intra‐field grain productivity, biomass price and desirable concurrent ecosystem services. © 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The letter from Sir Christopher Lever in Oryx (26, 52-53) and the reply by Dr Hutterer highlight an important issue. There appears to be a growing, and mistaken, tendency to assume uncritically that the way to conserve wild animals is for no one to kill any of them or, to put it the other way round, that if no one kills any this will necessarily help conservation. It cannot be stated too clearly or too often that the way to conserve wild animals is to ensure that there is a viable population in a viable habitat. This is what counts, not the fate of individuals. Unadaptable species limited by specialized habitat requirements are, of course, particularly vulnerable.


Problem solving skills is vital for children to face challenges in their daily live and in the future. Children who do not acquire problem solving skills during early childhood years tend to be more aggressive toward other people and finally tend to deal with social problems such as peer rejection, involved in criminal behavior and having mental health problem in adulthood. Therefore, scaffolding is an appropriate approach to help children learning more skills and solving problems independently. Scaffolding is a temporary support that will be removed when the children develop, learn and masters the new skills. The scaffolding between an adult and a child within the zone of proximal development (ZPD) will help children to develop more skills and to achieve higher mental functions. This paper has contributed significantly in understanding problem solving skills among children by providing scaffolding based on the needs of the children within the zone of proximal development (ZPD).


The article deals with the modern criminal policy of the state according to minors on the basis of analysis of normative legal acts. The author determines basic directions and targets of criminal policy.


This longitudinal study compared Grade 8 solitary cigarette smokers (n = 541), drinkers (n = 577), and marijuana users (n = 148) with adolescents who restricted their use of these substances to social settings (ns = 562, 1,426, and 388, respectively) on adolescent functioning and young adult outcomes. In Grade 8, solitary users held more positive beliefs about the consequences of substance use, earned poorer grades, engaged in more deviant behavior, and devoted less time to school and more time to social activities. By age 23, these solitary users had lower educational attainment, poorer self-rated health, and greater substance use problems. Results indicate the importance of better understanding and addressing the needs of this understudied group of high-risk youth.


Yin Xiu, as a significant piece in Chinese literary theories, expounds the important concept of "Yin Xiu". This paper distinguishes the present interpretations of "Yin Xiu", and argues that the piece presents the Chinese traditional poetic idea that a poem or an artistic creation grows naturally and dynamically so that it can be shaped into an organic unity. In an excellent artistic work, the feature of "Yin" and that of "Xiu" are related to each other in an organic unity. Neither of them is fixed by any stiff boundary, or forms a concrete relation between the whole and the parts. As a result, the work can always produce vigor of life sprung from it when being interpreted.


The paper concerns about prejudice of a judge against parties to a dispute based on gender, race, ethnicity or sexual orientation as an extralegal influence that effects judge's decision-making. The paper analyses selected case-law of foreign courts, European Court of Human Rights or also cases from the Czech Republic. The paper also deals with different means that can eliminate the influence of the prejudices on decision-making, especially recusal of the judge.


Eleven influential factors of China's forest chemical product's international competitiveness from 1998 to 2007 are empirically analyzed by GR model.Conclusion has been made that average export price are the most important factor to international competitiveness of China's forest chemical product.Gross product,intermediate input,enterprise number and output also have big relationship with international competitiveness of China's forest chemical product.Strategies of enhancing production technology and average export price,fostering advanced production element,enlarging enterprise's production capacity and scale and raise capital input are the most favorable to improve international competitiveness of China's forest chemical product.


Forest economy is still at the starting stage Qinghai Province,decided by natural conditions,economic and social development level,the degree of cognition and many other factors,the business capital entering the forestry includes the city industrial and commercial capital and rural industrial and commercial capital two class. Therefore,encourage and guide the industrial and commercial capital into the modern forestry will promote the development of forestry reform better.


FIGURES FROM THE PUBLICATION The effort to observe gravitational waves was crowned with success in September 2015 when LIGO detected a signal emitted by the coalescence, and subsequent collision, of a pair of black holes. More gravitational wave events have since been observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. To date, 10 binary black holes mergers and one binary neutron star merger have been found in data from the first observing runs (O1 and O2) of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observatories. In addition to these transient signals, characterized by time durations ranging from a fraction of a second to tens of seconds, sources of continuous quasi-sinusoidal gravitational-wave signals are also expected to exist and are subject to intense research. In this paper we describe the results of an analysis aimed at searching the whole sky for continuous gravitational waves emitted by isolated rotating neutron stars, which are among the most prominent sources of this kind.


The political participation of socialism with Chinese characteristics has its own characteristics.That is: by the vision of the relationship between the political participation and the parties,it must always adhere to the CPC leadership to ensure the political participation of the socialist nature;From the way of political participation to look at the participation,the rich and varied forms of political participation provides the greatest possibility to the realization of the equality;In terms of the main form of political participation,its pattern is rational political participation which means that is order.Looking at the subject of political participation,it is mainly focus on economic development and which means it always keeps up with the times.The political participation of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an important part of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.