A novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compound bearing dithiol-pentane unit, 1-[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dithiol-pentane)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-3-benzofuran-yl]perfluoroyclopentene(1a) has been synthesized, and its photochromic, fluorescence and optical recording strorage properties were investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism and clear fluorescent switches both in solution and in PMMA film. Using diarylethene 1b/PMMA film as recording medium and a linearly polarized 650 nm laser diode for recording and readout, polarization multiplexed image recording can be carried out in this film. The results demonstrated that the diarylethene can be potentially used as polarization multiplexing holographic recording medium.


The authors investigate the effectiveness of an online identification scheme for tracking the modal frequencies of a two-link flexible mechanism executing large-angle movements and carrying an unknown payload. A decentralized gain-scheduled adaptive control scheme is employed in conjunction with the identification scheme in order to illustrate the feasibility of online controller adjustment for endpoint position control in terms of vibration suppression after large-angle movements. The motivation for adopting the ARMA perspective is based on the convenient representation for online controller tuning and on the assumption that flexibility dynamics, for small deflections after a nonlinear large-angle motion, exhibit linear behavior. Experimental results are presented for a two-link planar mechanism in which both links are very flexible.<<ETX>>


This paper proposes a simulation environment for stock mark et analysis that uses intelligent agents. The behavior of the environment is defined by the ideal gas theory and the id ea is to analyze the fluctuation of the stock markets and also t he distribution of the gains and losses of the agents. The movem ent of the market can be estimated by a measure called volatil ity, which is defined by the difference between two stock prices in distinct periods. It characterizes the sensibility of a mar ket change in the world economy. Thus, the contributions of this paper a r : i) it is proposed a simulation framework of the stock mark et dynamics based on intelligent agents; ii) the volatility dy namics of the financial world indexes is analyzed; iii) a rela tionship between the volatility of the markets, the distribution of g ains and losses of the agents and the coefficient of the expone ntial function based on the ideal gas theory of Maxwell-Boltzmann is pr oposed. In the experimental study, fifteen world market inde xes were chosen to guide the simulation of the stock prices.


The article presents the results of research on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets under nitrate-nitrite toxicosis and the action of corrective factors (methionine, phenarone and methyphene). Nitrate-nitrite load in piglets caused inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, that indicates a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of testing animals. The lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes under chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60th day of the experiment in the serum of piglets of the control group, where accordingly the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 14 %, catalase activity – by 18 %, glutathione peroxidase activity – by 12 %. Lipid peroxidation processes are activated in the blood of animals, namely the level of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates increases under the conditions of experimental nitrate-nitrite load. It should be noted that the highest level of lipid peroxidation products in the serum of piglets with chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60 th day of the testing, and accordingly the content of lipid hydroperoxides increased by 67 % and diene conjugates – by 33 %. Administration of methionine, phenarone and methyphene under nitrate load contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system compared to animals in the control group. The use of antioxidant drugs in sick piglets also contributed to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by a decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates in the serum of experimental group. More pronounced antioxidant effect was shown by administrating methyphene. The mechanism of action of phenarone and methyphene is associated with the direct effect of its components on the inhibition of the absorption of metabolites that have a toxic effect on cell membranes of animals. As a result of the adsorbing action of zeolite, which is part of the drugs, in the digestive tract there is a decrease in the concentration of substances that can be substrates for lipid peroxidation, as well as removal of toxic metabolites in the blood, which are prooxidants. This process occurs by osmosis and diffusion of these substances through the capillaries of the microvilli of the small intestine and their subsequent fixation on the sorbent granules.


In today's highly competitive job market, it is becoming increasingly important for companies to hire employees who are best fit for a job and to ensure they retain these employees in the long run. Studies have shown that employees who find their job meaningful and satisfying are generally more productive and less likely to leave the job. Human Resource professionals therefore need to ensure that proper screening of candidates is conducted during the recruitment process and that they hire the best fit candidate for a job. Given the usually high number of applicants for a particular job, the recruitment process is time consuming and it is not always possible to conduct proper screening and interviews for each applicant. This paper presents the development of JobFit, a job recommendation system which makes use of a recommender system, machine learning techniques and past data to predict the best fit candidate for a job. The proposed job recommendation system takes as input the requirement of a job and the profile of the applicants and outputs a JobFit score indicating how fit each applicant is for the particular job. The system ultimately provides the HR professionals with a sorted list of all candidates with those who are more fit and apt for the job recommended first. This shall help to ensure the HR focus on the screening and interviews of only a small pool of candidates, the best ones recommended by the system, while at the same time be confident that the better candidates are not being missed.


An application station for use in a process control system includes a redundancy manager and a redundancy link subsystem coupled to the redundancy manager. The redundancy manager is adapted to communicate with a second application station via a redundancy communication link. The redundancy manager establishes a redundancy context with the second application station and uses the redundancy context to track the operations of the second application station. Additionally, the redundancy manager receives information from the second application station via the redundancy link and the redundancy link subsystem and, in response to the information, executes a switchover of the operations of the second application station to the application station.


A method, apparatus and computer program are disclosed to configure a process control system using an electronic description language EDL script. A first script 205 representative of a process plant is loaded by an editor 210, the first script comprising an interpretive system level script structured in accordance with an EDL, and compiling 220 the first script to form a second vendor specific control system script 225 associated with a particular process control system for the process plant. While forming the system specific information the compiler may access a device database 230 for device specific information.


During the verification of nomenclature in connection with the preparation for 'Studies of Solanaceae in Eastern Ghats' the authors came across a species Solanum uncinellum Lindl. that need to be updated in accordance with the changing generic characters for the genus Lycianthes. Accordingly the required new name and new combination is proposed here.


I have deemed it appropriate to begin this paper with the preceding quote from Dr. Borlaug purely by happenstance, whereas nothing could more accurately capture the scope of this report. Since the green revolution of which Borlaug is known as the father, we have had the ability to grow enough food to end hunger worldwide. Yet almost 10 million people, mostly young and living in sub-Saharan Africa, die every year of hunger, malnutrition, and resultant diseases (Thurow and Kilman, 2009). Food insecurity is at the forefront of the issues that a generation of global citizens must face. At its heart, this paper aims to take and portray an informed, humanitarian view of Uganda as a testament and call to action supporting the idea that food security can be better sustained in a country by the prevention and resolution of political and armed conflict through effective sustainable diplomatic initiatives. However, through the masquerade of gibberish, this is more than a case study or a look at how one factor is the root cause of all of a country's hunger, but rather, this paper aims to give a better and more personal, realistic understanding via a case study of how hunger and lack of food security, humanitarian issues of utmost urgency, actually derive from an incredibly complex network of social, political, economic, geographic, and technological factors that our modern global society has created through its lack of a sustainable food model and tolerance of human rights violations. More importantly, this paper aims to service the correlating responsibility that our modern global society has thereby created for itself--to clean up the mess.


Kobayashi(jour.phy.soc.japan 60(1991),1501_1512) considered a generalized Gamma function occuring in Diffraction Theory. This article considers a more general function involving Gauss hypergeometric function F(a,b;c,x) Where that reduces to when p=1 and b=c. The incomplete and the complementary incomplete functions associated with are introduced. Some properties and recurrence relations satisfied by these two functions are proved, and asymptotic expansions for the function and its associated incomplete and complementary incomplete functions are fully investigated.


Josephson cantilevers from high-temperature superconductors are versatile sensors to measure frequency and power of microwave and terahertz radiation in the range of 1 GHz to about 5 THz. They consist of at least one Josephson junction, which is fabricated from the high-temperature superconductor yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO). The Josephson cantilever is mounted on a positioning system inside a vacuum chamber to perform three-dimensional scanning measurements in the THz microscope. The frequency and the power of external radiation can be determined from the recorded data by evaluating the occurring Shapiro steps. In this work, spiral phase plates (SPPs) optimized for the terahertz regime were additively manufactured with a fused filament fabrication 3D printer. Multiple SPPs were investigated and the results of two of them are shown, each made of a different thermoplastic. The SPPs are designed to transform Gaussian light beams into twisted light beams with an orbital angular momentum. An optically pumped molecular gas far-infrared laser system with difluoromethane as lasing medium can be employed as radiation source to generate frequencies between 1 THz and 1.6 THz with powers up to 125 mW. The beam is coupled into the THz microscope via quasi-optical windows and an evacuated optical path. The SPP is placed near the far-infrared laser to measure the far-field distribution. In this work, measurement results based on superconducting Josephson cantilevers are obtained with our unique THz microscope setup to characterize SPPs. The results present an important contribution for the evaluation of the design and the fabrication process of SPPs and showcase one of the multiple measurement modes of the THz microscope.


It is well know that the pattern matching approach to word-based recognition yields good results when the time aligriment is carried out by means of dynamic programming. However, the high computational expenditure needed by it, specially for large vocabularies, has motivated a number of works proposing the use of techniques that reduce the pattern lenght.
In this paper, three different frame or spectrum reduction methods are investigated in a LPC isolated word recognition framework. The reduction performance with different degrees of nonlinearity is tested, and reasons showing its relationship with some kind of actual endpoint detection innaruracies are given.


ABSTRACT The goal of higher education to produce well-rounded and critically thinking problem solvers to enter into the hospitality industry remains a crucial area of research for hospitality educators. To support this goal, numerous hospitality scholars have engaged in innovative approaches to classroom instruction that facilitate problem solving and critical thinking. Grounded in the principles of the constructivist theory of learning, this study furthers understanding of how to produce these results by using mobile technology within a flipped classroom. Approximately 230 undergraduate students were evaluated using a freshman course redesigned from a predominantly lecture-based one to one that utilized active learning activities. The results showed improvements in technical skills, leadership, teamwork, communication, openness to diversity, and creativity.


ABSTRACT This paper considers a new technology for mine action in Cambodia: the mine detection rat. Used successfully in Africa for mine detection since 2003, the rats were implemented for the first time in 2015 in Cambodia by the international NGO, APOPO. APOPO entered a small-scale partnership with the state mine action organization, Cambodian Mine Action Centre. The partnership revealed a tension between APOPO's aspiration to 'demilitarize' mine action and the highly militarized nature of mine action under the state. The rats were unique among militaristic structures and experiences and allowed the international NGO to promote an ideal of what demilitarized mine action should look like. But the rats also condition the possibilities for the demilitarization of mine action through their own biological and historical attributes. This paper will use observations from over 14 months of fieldwork among this partnership with mine detection rats, showing tensions between local militarized methods for disarmament and an NGO's aspirations for global humanitarianism.


The bond between humans and companion animals has been explored from a range of theoretical perspectives, perhaps indicative of the complexity of this relationship. This paper reports on a series of semistructured interviews with five males, each living with HIV and an animal companion in Australia. The human–animal relationship is examined through a psychoanalytic lens with a focus on projection, projective identification, and death anxiety. The reports show a complex interplay among attachment to a companion animal; projection of thoughts, feelings, and emotions onto, and into, that animal; and feelings of death anxiety. It is suggested that companion animals may provide a depository for feelings of death anxiety as well as a buffer to suicidal ideation. Therapists should be aware of, support and validate the important and varied roles that companion animals may play in the lives of their humans.


Based on the spreading activation theory with respect to psycholinguistics,some comments are made on the learning-enhancing dictionary's functions in word distinction,word origin,word formation,word associations and references,etc,which can effectively enlarge readers' vocabulary.


Research activities in the fine chemicals industry involve the generation and analysis of huge amounts of chemical and biological data, and this has led to the development of highly sophisticated, computer-based, chemical information systems to support the research [ 11. Most chemical databases contain two-dimensional structural data, i.e. planar chemical structure diagrams, but there is also increasing interest in the processing of three-dimensional structural data, e.g. from X-ray crystallography and molecular mechanics studies. In this paper, we summarize work in our laboratory over the last 3 years which seeks to determine the utility of parallel hardware for the efficient processing of the structural data that are contained in chemical information systems. Two of the very many different types of parallel computer [2] are discussed, these being the ICL Distributed Array Processor and the INMOS transputer.


1 INTRODUCTION It has been observed that there needs to be an acceptance of a pluralism of methods acceptable to research in the information systems domain (Bjørn-Andersen, 1985). Various authors support this notion, suggesting that a "combination of research methods within a single study ... serves to improve the quality of IS research" (Pervan, 1994b). Nonetheless, we observe that previous research in Group Support Systems (GSS) has mainly utilised the experimental methodological approach, though a restricted number of field studies have been conducted. Other methodologies such as surveys, case studies and action research are poorly represented in the literature. In this paper, we discuss the nature of outcomes in empirical GSS research according to each of the above methodologies. Evidently actual decisions and resolutions can be outputs, but we choose to focus


The Sustainable Development Goals charge the global community to end poverty, ensure healthy lives and grant access to water and sanitation within 2030. Waterborne diseases, with a global footprint, a significant health burden, and complex transmission cycles, lie at the nexus of these challenges, especially in those areas where the population's livelihood depends on water resources. We study a tropical neglected and waterborne disease, schistosomiasis, of great public health importance in Burkina Faso. Moving beyond our cutting-edge modeling of the ecohydrological controls of the disease, we propose a vision through a participatory approach that includes social aspects in our mathematical model to study the disease in a rural Sahelian village. Our participatory approach aligns our research objectives with local challenges in water resources management including waterborne diseases. Our results suggest that although the community depends on a small reservoir for subsistence agriculture, it is the culprit for schistosomiasis infections because it causes behavioral changes, in addition to providing favorable habitats for the snail intermediate hosts of the parasite. Through our participatory research process, we lay the foundation for an early warning and surveillance-response tool which will: 1) provide valuable support to public health authorities, 2) enhance capacities of all local stakeholders and 3) be adaptable to other diseases and settings across sub-Saharan Africa.


This report discusses the results of a feasibility study dealing with the development of a new simulation program by combining the two existing simulation programs HVOSM and BARRIER VII. The first of these programs has a sophisticated vehicle model including vehicle handling and maneuvering and one of its versions, HVOSM-RD2, even has the reported capability of crash simulation. Note that the barrier model in HVOSM-RD2 is very crude. The second program, BARRIER VII, has a good barrier model but its vehicle model is unrealistically simple. The idea, therefore, arose about the feasibility of combining the good features of both programs to make one improved crash simulation program. This study concludes that it is theoretically feasible to combine HVOSM and BARRIER VII to obtain a new program with improved vehicle and barrier simulation features. However, many practical problems are associated with such a development, and the effort required to accomplish this task may far outweigh its benefits. The study further concludes that the new simulation program, if developed, will at best be able to simulate the gross barrier behavior. Two finite element simulation programs, CRUNCH and GUARD, already exist to study barrier and vehicle behavior in great detail. It is not, therefore, cost-effective to develop a new program. These conclusions are supported by thorough comparison of HVOSM and BARRIER VII with regard to program description, mathematical model, computer program structure, and input/output requirements. The results of the study are reported in detail in the text. Modifications were then analyzed from a cost-benefit standpoint.


Paris?commune is the first socialism institution and the first proletariat country. It started the way for socialism revolution in the 20th century. It has struggled for more than two months and embodied the human standard idea which made it get the peoples supporting. This idea is very useful and valuable for our comparatively well-off societys construction, for the socialist modernization and the humans all-round development.


Greater number of pre-school children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) continue to exhibit atypical consonant production post-surgery. This is often described in terms of type and frequency of phonetic errors such as substitution, omission, distortion and addition. The present study aimed to investigate the phonetic features at word level, in four Kannada speaking preschool children with repaired cleft lip and palate (RCLP) and compare it with typically developing children (TDC). Each child considered in the study was asked to name/repeat age appropriate pictures from Kannada Diagnostic Photo Articulation Test (KDPAT). The responses were audio-video recorded and later transcribed by native Kannada speaking examiner using International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and extension IPA. Data thus obtained was analyzed. Results revealed that children with RCLP exhibited more phonetic errors than TDC, with substitution errors being most frequent, followed by omissions and distortions. Analysis of substitution errors further revealed that Kannada phonemes of all place of articulation were equally affected whereas in terms of manner of production, only nasals remained unaffected. Conclusions: The unique phonological features of Kannada do have an impact on the degree, type and frequency of errors noted in children with RCLP.


By using China citation database,this paper makes the evaluation on the papers,citations,authors and found sponsored articles and Citations cited of the Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture.


Student organizations have a role in the political process, guarding government policies with their movements and contributing their intelligence as students to achieve a renewal of the Indonesian nation. This study examines the relationship between political efficacy and political participation in student organization cadres. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a Likert scale. The subjects in this study amounted to 92 Islamic Student Association cadres with characteristics with a membership period of at least six months, an age range of 18 years, and the highest being 24 years. This study adjusted and adapted the Political Participation and Efficacy scales based on theory. The data analysis technique used in this study uses product-moment correlation. The study found a significant relationship between political efficacy and political participation in Islamic association cadres.


The reason for display examine was to survey the Emotional Stability in basketball players. For this reason, the agents had chosen thirty (N=30) male basketball players of 20 to 25 years old to go about as subjects. They were partitioned into three distinctive playing position in basketball players (i.e., N1=10; Point Guard, N2=10; center, N3=10 power forward). The purposive testing method was utilized to choose the subjects. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to think about the distinctive playing position in basketball players. Where 'F' values were discovered huge, LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-hoc test was connected to discover the heading and level of distinction. For testing the theories, the level of importance was set at 0.05. The outcomes delineated that insignificant contrasts have been found concerning the parameter self-acknowledgment among point guard, center and wicket guardian players as the P-value (Sig.) .862 was discovered higher than the 0.05 level of importance (P>0.05). Article visualizations:


Football is one of the most popular professional sports in Indonesia. For that reason, this study aims to examine and analyze the alternatives for the contract resolution of professional sport performers in Indonesia in order to find the essence of the dispute resolution of professional sport contractors in Indonesia by using the concept of Mediation and Arbitration and to classify that dispute contract into the concept of business dispute resolution. While the practical benefits are to provide input to the Government especially the Ministry of Youth and Sports with the National Sports Organization together with the Legislature in formulating a policy that regulates the principles of contracting for professional sports performers and as a contribution of thought in realizing the national sport to international achievement and to realize the national sports as an industry by providing guidance to professional sport performers about the model and form of dispute resolution among professional sport performers when making an agreement / contract in enriching the law material for academic development especially in Sport Law field which is useful to solve legal problems arising in the community related to the principle of contracting. Keywords— professional sport performers, dispute resolution contract, mediation and arbitration.


The electric power network has to be able to cope with extensive changes in the near future, like distributed generation (DG) and electricity produced from renewable energy sources (RES). The conventional technologies, which are used in the electric power network of the Netherlands, are not sufficient to cope with these changes. This research looks into the business opportunities of a possible breakthrough technology, power electronic technology (PE), which can cope with the changes in the Dutch electricity market. The possibilities of power electronic technology are explored by combining several theoretical methods, to make an ex-ante judgement on the adoption. The main results are the business opportunities for TNO, substantiated by the needed changes to enable the deployment of power electronic technology by distribution system operators (DSOs). The next step for TNO, to take a closer look at each of the possibilities and act accordingly.


Two inductance-capacitance dual mode sensors based on different arrangement of dual coil and microchannel for oil multi-contaminant detection are proposed. The inductance detection model of metal particles and capacitance detection model of non-metal particles are constructed theoretically. The experimental results show that the two dual mode sensors both can realize inductance detection of iron and copper particles and capacitance detection of water droplets and air bubbles in oil. The detection sensitivity can be effectively improved by placing the microchannel on the edge of coil inner hole. The sensor of dual coils perpendicular to microchannel has more sensitive in inductance detection and the sensor of dual coils parallel to microchannel has more sensitive in capacitance detection. This research is helpful to improve the design and sensitivity of oil multi-contaminant detection sensor, and is of great significance to the realization of health monitoring and fault diagnosis of machinery.


Fluorinated SiO{sub 2} (SiOF) films have emerged as a leading candidate to replace SiO{sub 2} as an intermetal dielectric (IMD) for future ultra-large scale integrated microelectronics. It is acknowledged, however, that SiOF films can exhibit instability problems, particularly in their tendency for moisture absorption. The thermal stability of fluorinated SiO{sub 2} films (SiOF) was found to be dependent on F content and the type of substrate upon which the film was deposited. SiOF films with a range of F concentrations were deposited using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma upon Si, Al/Si, TiN/Al/Si, and Al/SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates. Following deposition, the films were deliberately hydrated and/or annealed and their stability assessed. Hydration was found to only affect the high F content films. Capacitance changes with annealing in the high F content films were found to occur beginning at 200 C. These changes, which were independent of substrate type, likely occurred due to desorption of H{sub 2}O in the films. After annealing of the high F content films up to 400 C, a reduction in F content was found for SiOF films on some substrates. Significant reductions were found for SiOF films on Al/Si substrates, while little or no change was foundmore » for films on TiN/Al/Si, Al/SiO{sub 2}/Si, or Si substrates. Local chemical analysis of those films which showed F reduction indicated that the F profile was approximately uniform throughout the layer and did not pile-up at the interface. The substrate-dependent thermal instability exhibited by these films suggests the chemical nature or qualities of the substrate may play a role in the F reduction reaction.« less


Bidirectional associative memory is a hetero-associative memory which has two layers. It cannot deal with one-to-many associations. Osana et al. proposed a chaotic bidirectional associative memory which can deal with one-to-many association due to the invisible part. Moreover, Yano and Osana proposed a chaotic complex-valued bidirectional associative memory whose all neurons are complex-valued. However, it associates not only training patterns but also patterns referred to as rotated patterns. Thus, the conventional chaotic complex-valued bidirectional associative memory model is insufficient for applications. In this paper, we propose a chaotic complex-valued bidirectional associative memory with a real-valued invisible part. It can prevent the rotated patterns from appearing. Our proposed model almost associates only training patterns and is promising for applications. Moreover, it improves the noise robustness.


Abstract In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative changes of zooplankton community were examined on a monthly basis at three stations off the coast of Trabzon, the South- eastern Black Sea from October 2007 to September 2008. A total of 36 samples were collected. The highest value of the abundance of the total zooplankton was recorded in May. Noctiluca scintillans was the most abundant zooplankton with a share of 54% (maximum: 3752,80 ind.m-3 in May). They were followed by Copepoda with 21% (maximum: 551 ind.m-3 in March and Cladocera with 13% (maximum: 680 ind.m-3 in August. Copepoda was present in the sampling throughout the year whereas N. scintillans and Cladocera were dominant for a period of 2-3 months. The annual average abundance of zooplankton was 1116±282 ind.m-3 (55989 ind./m²). In addition temperature as main physical parameter of environment was determined according to the depth.


Abstract An estimation of scour depth is a prerequisite for the efficient foundation design of the abutment of a bridge. Many equations and models are available in literature for predicting abutment scour depth based on experimental and theoretical approaches. It is still difficult to obtain a general model to provide accurate estimation of scour depth due to the presence of complex flow structure at the base of the abutment. The artificial neural network (ANN) is generally considered as an alternative approach to the experimental and theoretical methods. It acts as a universal function approximator and consequently it is very useful in modelling problems wherein the relationship between dependent and independent variables is poorly understood. In the present study, ANN models with commonly used algorithm of training have, therefore, been developed for the equilibrium scour depth prediction at bridge abutments using a sizable amount of laboratory data from various sources. The ANN models of various training schemes have been found to be better than the conventional regression model based on the performance parameters for both calibration as well as validation set of data. The present study also indicates that the prediction based on the raw data (dimensional) is better than those based on non-dimensional parameters.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrate, isoflavone and other various nutrients for humans and animals. However, there are anti-nutritional factors in the raw mature soybeans. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein and stachyose are the main anti-nutritional factors in soybean seed. The α′-subunit of β-conglycinin protein exhibit poor nutritional and food processing properties. The genetic removal of the KTI and α′-subunit proteins will improve the nutritional value of the soybean seed. The objective of this research was to develop a new soybean strain with KTI and α′-subunit protein free (titicgy1cgy1 genotype) and proper agronomic traits. A breeding population was developed from the cross of the Bl-1 and 15G1 parents. A total of 168 F2 seeds from the cross of the BL-1 and 15G1 parents were obtained. The segregation ratios of 9: 3: 3: 1 (104 Ti_Cgy1_: 30 Ti_cgy1cgy1: 21 cgy1cgy1Ti_: 13 titicgy1cgy1) between the Ti and Cgy1 genes in the F2 seeds were observed (χ 2= 5.12, P=0.5-0.10). Two F4 plant strains with proper agronomical traits and titicgy1cgy1 genotype (free of both KTI and α′ -subunit protein) were selected and harvested. 2 strains (S1 and S2) had yellow seed coats and hilum. The plant height of the S1 strain was 65 centimeters. The 100-seed weight was 29.2 g. The plant height of the S2 strain was 66 centimeters and 100-seed weight was 26.2 g. The two strains selected in this research will be used to improve the new cultivar that will be free of the KTI and α′-subunit proteins.


Abstract.  Monardella angustifolia Elvin, Ertter & Mansfield (Lamiaceae), a new species from southeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho, is described and illustrated. It occurs on ash tuff outcrops in and near Leslie Gulch in the northern reaches of the Great Basin Desert. The new species is best distinguished by its calyx trichomes, fascicled leaves, and leaf and bract morphology. It is unique in the genus in having very narrow, conduplicate, and often fascicled leaves and being endemic to soils derived from ash tuff. It is most similar morphologically and ecologically to several perennial species of Monardella Benth. in the Mojave Desert ca. 900 km to the south. It shares with them a similar habit, pubescence, branching, and bract and glomerule morphologies.


The Difficulties that arise due to the lack of a precise definition of the concept of a strongly nonideal plasma are discussed. The difficulties indicated, related to the nonunique nature of the definition of the nonideality parameter, remain in a rigorous approach that uses a plasma expansion in powers of the activity. Using as an example the latest results obtained with this approach, it is shown that in the region Ry/kT>>1, the smallness of the nonideality parameter usually used to characterize the plasma GAMMAequivalente/sup 2//kTr/sub D/ (r/sub D/, debye radius) is itself does not guarantee the accuracy of the traditional Saha ideal-gas approximation.


In animals, proto-oncogene c-myc and tumor suppressor gene p53 are related to many processes of PCD. Southern blotting of human p53 and c-myc cDNA probes indicated that their cDNA sequences were homologous to barley. They were further mapped onto chromosomes of barley by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It showed that there were three signal sites of the p53 and two sites of the c-myc on mitotic metaphase chromosomes of barley. The signal sites of the p53 were located on 2L(long arm of the chromosome 2), 2S(short arm of the chromosome 2) and 6L, their percentage distances were 84.27±0.75, 46.24±15.44 and 19.23±0.53 correspondingly. Those of the c-myc were positioned on 5L and 3S; their percentage distances were 75.90±6.62 and 47.63±5.20 respectively. For the tested heterogeneus single copy genes, over 30% of the detected cells, which appeared signals simultaneously on sister chromatids of the barley, were obtained by technique improvement of FISH.


With technological advancements, children today learn in ways that can be radically different from how their parents did. Considering the learning differences, the purpose of this review is to explore robot use for its potential benefits in educating today's children who need to be learning differently from the generation before. As children are growing up in an increasingly tech-savvy world, this review would serve to raise the awareness of robot applications developed for young children, so that more people can be sensitized to the adoption of robots for early childhood education. The studies and reports included in this review are a selection of robot applications used with children in the general population of early childhood (0 - 8) years. Based on collaborative efforts in function and design such as the use of puppetry, as well as curriculum design in areas such as behaviour modification, social or motor skills, numeracy, language and literacy through storytelling and/or games, the robot applications reviewed here have been found to present with great potential for a dynamic way to educate the young. Implications for use with children with special needs are discussed.


Statistical results from 2.8 million pairs of broadband shortwave and longwave radiance measurements were used to develop reflectance and emittance models for low, middle, and high water clouds and high ice clouds. The reflectance model was a function of the sum and product of the cosine of solar and viewing zenith angles, and the emittance model was related by a power law of the cosine of the viewing zenith angle.


Messrs. Illingwokth and Dick are to be congratulated for bringing out a second edition of their admirable textbook of surgical pathology within three years of its first, publication. As this new edition includes many interesting subjects of recent development, the authors have found it unavoidable to add slightly to the bulk of the volume. We have little doubt that this book will continue to maintain its high position in the surgical sphere all over the world, particularly amongst the English-speaking nations. It will not be an exaggeration to say that this treatise is an embodiment of the pathological aspects of the British school of surgery. The first eight chapters deal with general pathology in relation to surgical conditions and the rest of the book has been arranged systematically in different sections each of which is full of all the modern ideas on the subject. The whole book has been written in a style which is at once impressive, easy to read, and stimulating, and one never feels it monotonous to go through its pages. A very noteworthy feature of the book is the inclusion, at the end of each chapter, of a well-chosen bibliography which, though not exhaustive, is undoubtedly comprehensive, and is likely to be very helpful to those in search of further information. The authors have also enriched this edition by including many new subjects. Special mention may be made of the section on diseases of the bone which has been thoroughly rewritten in the light of the recent developments, as also leukoplakia of the tongue, xanthomatosis of bones, granulosa-cell tumour of the ovary, the islet-cell tumour of the pancreas, post-traumatic, osteodystrophy and the pre-natal muscular dystrophy. While there can be no two opinions regarding the excellent way in which the book has been written and the wealth of information and new ideas which have


Objective To discuss some related factors of intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) in premature.Methods Fifty-eight prematures were divided into two groups,ICH group(23) and non-ICH group(35),the antepartum,intrapartum and postpartum factor were observed.Results Gestational age (GA),birth weight (BW),APGAR score,twitch after birth,mechanical ventilation and used dopamine (DA) were correlate to ICH,while infection,mother′s age,and used magnesium sulfate,glucocorticoid (GC),sexuality of newborn,patent ductus arterious (PDA) and apnea were with no obvious correlations with ICH.Conclusion The high risk factors of prematures ICH include GA,BW,Apgar score,twitch after birth,mechanical ventilation and DA.


This paper examines two IMLS-funded scholarship programs that targeted non-traditional LIS students, documenting non-academic aspects of the programs that participating students identified as most important to the successful completion of their academic programs and to their establishment as contributing members of the professional library community. Formative analyses conducted during the programs pointed to the importance of ongoing and extensive administrative and emotional support for participants, and this paper provides an analysis of the value of these intangible sources of student support. Using online surveys and semi-structured interviews of selected participants from both scholarship programs, this study found that multiple forms of intangible support, from multiple sources inside and outside the academy, that surpassed institutional norms, were crucial to the academic and early career success of non-traditional LIS students.Keywords: student support; non-traditional students; distance learning; intangible support; survey and interview methodsIntroductionFor the future of the LIS professions and the success of individuals, it is crucial that LIS students begin to build their professional networks during their academic LIS programs (Kazmer, 2006). The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Laura Bush 21st Century Librarians program has been instrumental in funding the education of the next generation of LIS professionals. Many of the scholarship projects funded through this program have been designed to recruit and prepare librarians to serve underserved or at-risk populations. These projects often include activities intended to socialize scholarship recipients - many of whom are from backgrounds that lead to their being considered non-traditional students - into their professional communities and provide them with administrative and logistical support.To determine which aspects of LIS students' educational programs have been most effective, it is important to look beyond the scholarship funding periods and follow the graduates as they begin their professional careers. Are IMLS-funded graduates benefitting from the educational initiatives in which they participated? Did the additional administrative support made possible by grant funding factor into their success? Are graduates connecting with the people and institutions that will help them become effective library leaders? Do their professional networks include their classmates? This study addresses these questions by documenting the intangible factors recent graduates of two online IMLS-funded scholarship programs targeting non-traditional students at Florida State University identified as being instrumental to their academic and early career success.BackgroundResearch about the non-financial support of graduate students has tended to focus on support for learning (Shepherd & Bolliger, 201 1), often within individual courses (Lee, Srinivasan, Trail, Lewis, & Lopez, 201 1). Other research in the area of support has focused on how librarians can support students in a wide variety of educational settings and for varying purposes, including higher education (Mortimore & Wall, 2009; Stoffle & Cuillier, 2010) and K-12 schools (Farmer, 2009). Research about the support needed by online LIS students began soon after the first wave of LIS programs moved to web-based platforms in the mid-1990s (e.g., Hara & Kling, 2000; Kazmer, 2000), and continues to be an area of study as e-learning becomes more common and the technologies used for it change rapidly (Hank, Sugimoto, & Pomerantz, 2012; Mon, 2012).Master's students in LIS are frequently in need of support beyond that offered at the level of the course (i.e., dedicated toward learning); they need support at the program and professional preparation level (Cherry, Duff, Singh, & Freund, 201 1). This is especially true for distance students who may encounter more roadblocks in accessing traditional means of support (Lee, 2010). …


In this work,unstable working conditions of a gas compressor unit with two sequential casings(low pressure and high pressure) are analyzed.The main factors which cause the unstable working conditions are introduced.As the key part of this paper,the performance change under the unstable conditions due to the split surface leakage of the high pressure casing is discussed.The leakage was caused by the diaphragm deformation.The influence of the performance change of the high pressure casing on that of the low pressure casing is analyzed.In addition,some new concepts including extreme value qLcrof internal leakage,relative instability and absolute stability are firstly given,which are helpful to better understand the impact of the internal leakage on the performance of the compressor.


On the problem of the tasks distribution in multiprocessors system withdifferent structure,this paper presents a least-fit algorithm, named LF,which distributes a task system T= {T1 ……TM } into a multiprocessor system P= {P1 ……pN }.The guiding ideology is to choose a processor that can take on the task Tj∈T, buthas the least function,and then,to distributes Tj on it.


The discovery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a widespread and abundant class of endogenous RNA in Eukarya (1-3) has sparked a previously unparalleled interest in this class of RNA molecules. CircRNAs, characterized by a covalently closed structure, are generated through back-splicing of one or more exons from protein-coding and non-coding genes and have been found in great number in diverse species such as human (1-3) and Drosophila (4). Almost in parallel with the realization of circRNAs as pervasive endogenous molecules, came the first functional characterization of circRNAs; two circRNAs, termed ciRS-7/CDR1as and Sry circRNA were found to bind to miRNAs and prevent these miRNAs from acting on their cognate targets (2,5).


In order to reduce the back-contact silicon solar cell manufacturing process cost, polysilazane solution is used to form SiO2 diffusion barrier layer in this study. The thickness and refractive index of SiO2 film is evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometer measurement. Sheet resistance measurement and SIMS measurement revealed that polysilazane-derived SiO2 layer presents excellent barrier effect for boron and phosphorous diffusion process, while SiO2 deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition is available for only phosphorous diffusion process.


The velocity distribution laws of arrested saline wedges have been experimentally studied in a tilting flume 20.24 m long, 45.72 cm wide, and 45.72 cm deep. These laws were investigated together with the interfacial and bed shear stresses through the utilization of a specially designed electronic conductivity meter for the measurement of the salinity, and hot film anemometer for the measurement of the detailed velocity distribution and the Reynolds stresses. In the immediate neighborhood of the velocity interface, and in a zone of some millimeters width, the velocity distribution is linear. This linear law appears to be independent of salinity. Outside the linear zone the velocity distribution is logarithmic. In particular, the logarithmic laws of the interface and of the outer region are defined for the two layers. These laws are analogous to the wall law and the law of the outer region for homogeneous fluids flow over solid boundaries.


At the present, zinc is produced mostly from zinc sulphide ores because the sulphides are easy to separate from the gangue and to concentrate by conventional flotation techniques but in the case of ...


Organised by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), a conference entitled 'Cold peace in the Arctic?' was held in Oslo (Norway) on 14 September 2018. Three panel sessions focussing on 'The Arctic as a domestic issue in Russia', 'The Arctic as a meeting place' and 'Arctic Futures' were held as part of this conference. Topical issues discussed include perceptions of and perspectives on the Arctic in Russia and Western countries, Arctic priorities, Arctic offshore energy, the Arctic in the political discourse, Norwegian-Russian relations in the historical context, and regional development. According to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ine Eriksen Søreide, the Arctic is one an important element of international cooperation betweenNorway andRussia. The entireworldwill be affected bymatters such as climate change,marine litter in theArcticOcean, and nuclear safety. Cooperative relations, not a cold peace, should be the bedrock for managing international policies in the Arctic region.


The 1915 National Conference of Charities and Correction has received considerable attention in histories of American social work due to its discussion of whether social work at the time was, in fact, a profession. Probably the most attention has focused on a speech by Abraham Flexner. The leaders of the national conference that year had invited Flexner, the author of an influential report on medical education in the United States, to speak to the annual conference on the topic "Is Social Work a Profession?" Flexner famously concluded that social work did not meet the criteria that he believed defined a profession, criticizing in particular social work's lack of a single coherent purpose, the diffuse scope of its activities (e.g., casework, community organization, charity work, administration, and social reform), and inadequate development of a specialized professional body of knowledge. Interestingly, one of the organizers of that same conference, Porter Lee, then director of the New York School of Philanthropy, asked the following question about social work in his address titled "The Professional Basis of Social Work":


This report describes an experiment in using AspectJ to extract a feature from a Java code base in order to make it unpluggable. We describe issues and obstacles encountered while performing a series of code transformations and next present a collection of manual aspect-oriented refactorings, based on the experience gained in the process. These are described in detail and compounded with a self-contained example placing each refactoring in its proper context.


Recently, there have been a great need in society for MCU learning especially in engineering and science. However, the environment development didn't match the increasing demand for MCU teaching in fact. On the one hand, the costs of learning at their own expense are high. On the other hand, limits of learning conditions and shortage of devices and space in MCU laboratories still exist. In this circumstance, the paper designs a remote MCU learning platform based on virtual reality where t he MCU learners can learn MCU programming through network instead of on the MCU. The platform with low costs in this paper is not only convenient and user-friendly, but also reliable.


During a Mw 7.6 magnitude earthquake on the Çardak Fault, extreme sinistral displacements occurred along 10 segments representing a 98 km-long surface rupture. The length of the segments ranges between 3.5 and 23.0 km. The surface rupture of the earthquake extends along a narrow deformation zone that is at least 10 cm-wide in places. In the step-over zones of the segments, the coseismic slip is distributed on numerous echelon ruptures where ≥ 0.5 m of left-lateral displacement is measured in a 1.3 km-wide zone and occasionally becomes completely undetectable. The most important feature of this earthquake is the measured maximum left-lateral displacement along the 98 km-long surface rupture, making it one of the seven earthquakes in the literature with the most extreme displacement (10.0-12.6 m), considering the earthquake magnitudes and fault lengths observed during the instrumental period.


Iron ions selective biosensor (Fe3+) based on zinc oxide nano-rods thin film symbolic as ZnO-(NRs)TF will be developed and prepared. The potentiometric response for ZnO-(NRs)TF deposited on conducting plastic and silicon substrates as working electrode versus reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) was found to be linear against logarithmic FeCl3 with concentration range between 10-6 M and 10-2 M. The ZnO-(NRs)TF will be grown on conducting plastic and silicon substrates using two methods (Sol - Gel and aqueous chemical growth (ACG)) by seed layers and nano-rod growth will be investigated. For fabricate an advanced extracellular iron biosensor, the ZnO-(NRs) on plastic and silicon substrates were coated with a thin layer of specific ionophore membrane to be used for iron concentration measurements in extracellular solution. The prepared sample crystallinity and microstructure will be characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) which, imply that ZnO-(NRs)TF sample crystallite sizes are in the nano-scale. The prepared samples morphology was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).


343 should read this brave and compelling work. Some will love it, some will hate it, a few will have ambivalent reactions to it, but not to read Professor Vivian's Being Made Strange would be to miss a truly original, insightful, and smart piece of scholarship that makes an important contribution to all those working in rhetorical theory, rhetorical criticism, and communication ethics. It was a privilege to engage this work, and it is one that I strongly hope colleagues will take up with all due seriousness.


SiO2/TiO2 and ZnO/TiO2 composite sols were prepared by sol-gel method and they were applied to the as anti-UV agent on cotton fabric.This paper discussed the UV-protective properties of cotton fabric on the basis of transmission percentage of UV ray.It was observed that the anti-ultraviolet performance would enhance with the increase of the TiO2 ratio and the concentration of sols,but the strength damage would also increase,the breaking strength on warp and weft direction could arrived 689 N and 669 N at the worst,and the elongation at break could decreased 14.4% and 7.5%.The optimum ratio of the composite sol for anti-UV treatment was just like that the ratio of the n(SiO2) ∶n(TiO2)of the SiO2/TiO2 sol was 4 ∶1,n(SiO2) ∶n(TiO2)of the ZnO/TiO2 was higher than 1 ∶1.The optimum sol concentration ranged from 0.15 mol/L to 0.30 mol/L.


Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of some of the control techniques for autopilot design for tactical aerospace vehicles (TAV). The major contribution of this paper is to bring together few control techniques used for the design of autopilot for TAVs and assessment of the performance of the autopilots with the same airframe dynamics as comparative study. A comparative account of control methods has been presented on the basis of system performance, which will be helpful in selection of proper control. The control design and analysis has been illustrated through simulation exercise.


Objectives To study the relationship between ambulatory pulse pressure(PP) and carotid artery intima-media thickness in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Methods The 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in a total of 103 elderly patients with essential hypertension. According to day-and night-time average PP,the patients were divided into two groups: PP60 mm Hg group and PP≥60 mm Hg group. The ultrasound technique was used to detect the carotid artery intima-media thickness. The comparison of difference of the carotid artery intima-media thickness and the correlative analysis of every parameter of the carotid artery intima-media thickness and PP in two groups was done. Results There was significantly different in the carotid artery intima-media thickness between PP60 mm Hg group and PP≥60mmHg group (P0.01). There was better correlation of PP and the carotid artery intima-media thickness,especially the correlation of nocturnal PP and the carotid artery intima-media thickness was the best. Conclusions The ambulatory PP (especially nocturnal PP) of the elderly patients with essential hypertension are the most important factors which influent the carotid artery intima-media thickness.


The aim of this study is to estimate the roadway
capacity for the observed conditions and the hypothetical
scenarios of different driving compliance levels at different posted speed limits. Simulation helps to understand how a validated simulation model behaves dynamically over time and space for a given duration. Thereafter, the roadway capacity values are compared to study the impact of driving compliance.
In the last section, the effect on the travel times for the cars are studied at different driving compliance levels.


This study aims to develop and design a prototype that can be used, together with an Android phone as centralized switch for simple home appliances via Local Area Network or Internet. The prototype can handle up to seven devices at the same time with a master switch. The main body of the prototype contains an Arduino microcontroller connected to a relay driver circuit. An android application is also developed using Basic4Android IDE. The proponents add features such as renaming devices and password security to make a user-friendly interface. The proponents used the developmental method and conducted several tests to determine if the prototype satisfied the scope and limitations. The proponents tested the prototype to handle varying number of output devices from two to seven loads and showed that the prototype can really automate the switching of simple home appliances and therefore can further develop for a full home automation system.


The main objective of this article is to show some of the alternatives and tools used by the organizations nowadays on the search of high competitiveness. We will get to know one of the suitable models applied during the reverse logistics process when deciding the final usage of the products that have finish their life cycle.
In addition, we will get to review some of the obstacles and challenges that the companies have to face when trying to apply reverse logistics and we will compare them with the advantages that the organizations can get by practicing a good reverse logistics process.
Finally, we will review two examples of companies that apply reverse logistics and how they become more efficient and sustainable by doing it the correct way.


In this paper, we investigate the traveling wave solutions of a small-aspect-ratio wave equation and an integrable evolution equation for surface waves in deep water. By applying the qualitative theory of differential equations, we analyze the phase portraits of the traveling wave systems and obtain the exact explicit representations of solitary wave solutions.


Objective To study the effect of vgb expression product on cell respiration capability by cloning vgb gene into the expression vctor pQE-30 of Escherichia coli.Method Vgb was cloned by PCR;plasmid pQE V was constructed by gene recombinant technology.Cotransformation of Escherichia coli was conducted by CaCl2 method.The activity of VHb was examined by CO difference spectrum.Result Vgb was cloned and plasmid-pQE V was reconstructed successfully.Vgb gene had been expressed in Escherichia coli and a typical peak of the expression product had been obtained at A420 nm.Conclusion The vgb expression product in Escherichia coli can improve the oxygen intake capacity of the bacteria.This may have an extremely important value for mainteining oxygen supply-consumption batance and enhancing the yield of metabolites in high-cell density fermentation.


Abstract There are few data available on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and blood pressure (BP) categories earlier in the disease continuum, when efforts for its prevention may be applicable. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the association between SUA and prehypertension in a community-dwelling sample of Japanese adults. Study participants without hypertension aged 19 to 90 years [567 men aged 56 ± 15 (mean ± standard deviation) years and 808 women aged 58 ± 13 years] were recruited for a survey at the community based annual medical check-up. The main outcome was the presence of prehypertension [systolic BP (SBP) 120–139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 80–89 mmHg]. After adjustments by gender and age, both SBP (p < 0.001) and DBP (p < 0.001) increased significantly and progressively with increasing SUA and triglycerides (TG) as well as body mass index, LDL cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Compared to those with normotension, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for participants with prehypertension was 1.15 (1.05–1.26) for SUA and 3.19 (1.66–6.14) for TG. The interaction between increased SUA and TG was a significant and independent determinant for SBP (β = −2.474, p = 0.008), but not for DBP (β = −0.608, p = 0.349). Higher SUA levels are associated with prehypertension in participants without hypertriglyceridemia (<150 mg/dL), but not in participants with hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL). TG levels may modify the association between SUA and prehypertension.


There are still many places to buy film. If youre lucky you might have a camera store near you with a large selection of film. If not, there are plenty ...


The article is devoted to the examination of Chekhovs traditions in the novel by V. Y. Tarsis Ward № 7. Similarity of the texts («Ward №.6» and «Ward № 7») helps to understand writers approach to the depiction of madness theme and in particular to interpretation of the image of madhouse.


TO the Chinese people, Hunan, Mao Zedong's home province, is synonymous with the great helmsman. Having set the course of China's modern history, his memory is still revered across the nation. Even today, it is the train from Beijing to Changsha, capital of Hunan Province,rather than to the more prosperous Shanghai or Shenzhen, that merits the designation No. 1.


The architecture of the microprocessors such as 8085/Z-8O are designed to handle integer arithmetic and do not have 13; facilities to handle real numbers. In the present application the software development for the 8085/Z-80 based vibration test and analysis system calls for extensive real number representation. With this in view as well as to achieve higher dynamic range (for better resolution of the vibratory signal) development of floating point arithmetic routines almost become mandatory. This document explains in detail different floating point arithmetic routines developed for a 8085/Z-80 processor.


Investigating the correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in natural environments using carbon-isotope composition (δ13C) allows distinguishing the nutrient cycling pattern and anthropogenic effects incorporation in plants and soil processes. The mechanisms behind the isotopic composition of soil organic matter (SOM) and parent vegetation in relation to the context of site-specificity was approached in this work. Formation of SOM can be affected by the presence of a high concentration of heavy metals in soils. Still, no systematic studies were performed in most of the industrial sites to support this hypothesis.  In order to explore this incomplete understood influence, investigation of carbon isotope signatures (d13C) variations in soil organic matter were performed in two industrial areas from Romania (Copșa Mică industrial platform and Baia Sprie mining zone). The current study, also, investigated the C:N ratio variation, as well as the influence of N speciation regarding d13C values of SOM. The decrease in C:N ratio indicated an increasing effect of the microbial products on SOM matter at increasing depth, for both regions, while an increase of the denitrification processes with depth was found for both areas. For the most appropriate depth (20-40 cm), the soil from Baia Sprie region was more enriched in 13C comparing with the soil from Copsa Mica region, and this higher isotope fractionation of SOM might be due to a higher carbon content, respectively a higher nitrogen content of Baia Sprie soil. It was concluded that the SOM of the surface soil in the two investigated regions has an 13C isotopic composition similar to the plant remains from which it was formed, offering an integrated value of plant material, time and the local origin and providing useful markers of tree isotopic composition.


The questions of construction of generalized cascade codes with algebrogeometrical codes on the external level are investigated in the article. The procedure of encoding and decoding with algebrogeometrical codes on the external level of generalized cascade code.


Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution of a poorly water-soluble drug, lornoxicam by fabricating as nanoparticles using anti-solvent precipitation method and to investigate the effect of stabilizers on the particle size.Methods: Nanocrystals of lornoxicam were prepared by precipitation method using water as antisolvent with stabilizers, β cyclodextrin, and PVP-K30. Characterization of the unmilled lornoxicam powder and nanocrystals was carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dissolution tester.Results: Nano range (130-280 nm) particles were obtained which was confirmed by particle size analyzer. The dissolution of the drug nanoparticles (LBCD, LPVP) was carried out in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution and was significantly higher and almost complete compared with the pure drug. According to DSC, X-ray diffraction analysis, the nanocrystals were still in crystalline state after the preparation procedure. By reducing the particle size, the in vitro dissolution of lornoxicam was complete, 100% within 1 hr compared to the pure drug which showed an incomplete release of 37.35±1.09%.Conclusion: Nanocrystals of lornoxicam was prepared and nanocrystal technology can be an effective tool for enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs


Proteolytic enzymes, proteases, are present in all forms of life from viruses to animals. Among them microbial proteases secure most important place due to their enormous industrial applications. In industrial applications, leather and detergent industries are of most prominent interest. These industries require use of toxic and polluting chemicals to degrade proteins. In leather industries chemicals are employed in dehairing, bating, soaking and degreasing to remove proteins associated with the collagen. In detergent industries, stains are removed by the use of surfactants. Proteases can be used to replace certain chemicals thus offers a green approach. This review entails importance of proteases in detergent and leather industries.


SUMMARY In tropical areas wherePlasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic, co-infection with HIV-1 does not lead to a worsening of malaria, raising questions about the immunological interactions between both infections. Alterations of immune response to malaria during HIV-1 infection was investigated in the town of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Sixty-six adults were enrolled, including 37 HIV-1 positive subjects with 250 CD4 cells/ l and clinical AIDS, and 29 HIV-1 negative healthy subjects.In vitro lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (IFN- , IL-2 and IL-4) production were assessed in isolated mononuclear cells (PBMC) in presence of PHA, PPD or three malarial antigens: the baculovirusexpressed protein from P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein-1, a P. falciparum in vitro culture and a crude schizont extract. Compared with healthy subjects, AIDS patients presented with decreased levels of cell proliferation and of IFN- and IL-2 production, in response to all antigens except the schizont extract. Similar levels of IL-4 production were obtained in both groups. Mitogenic stimulation of whole blood cultures was also performed, and revealed similar trends in cytokine production as in PBMC cultures. These results show that some components of the specific human immune responses to falciparum parasites may not be modified during AIDS, in spite of the strong cellular alterations induced by HIV, namely the decrease of the CD4 lymphocyte subset.


Introduction: The degree of osseointegration determines the long-term survival and favorable outcomes of orthopedic implant use. Initial fixation is influenced by a number of factors. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has a good osteoconductive property and sealing effect on peri implant migration of particles that lead to osteolysis. Furthermore, HA-coated implants show desirable midterm clinical results. Infection prevention is another important factor that influences long-term results. Postoperative infections sometimes occur despite systemic prophylaxis, necessitating surgical treatment. This complication is not only difficult for patients and surgeons but also increases medical costs. Thus, the availability of an implant that has both osteoconductive and antibacterial properties is required. We previously developed an antibacterial coating with Ag-containing HA (Ag-HA) that releases Ag ions to achieve high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity in vitro [1]. Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been shown in vitro [2], in a subcutaneous rat model [3], and in a rat tibia model [4]. In addition, the Ag-HA coating has properties of both Ag and HA and shows good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity in rat tibiae [5]. However, a direct mechanical assessment has not been performed to date. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the initial fixation of Ag-HA coating on titanium (Ti) in terms of shear strength.


Better  magnitudes  and  epochs  have  been  determined  for  189  of the 379 confirmed and suspected variable stars discovered by Ross from 1925 to 1931. Accurate positions have been determined for those objects for which unambiguous identifications had been lacking.


We report on ultra-low detection limit lossy mode resonance-based fibre-optic biosensor coated with nm-thick tin dioxide film, which allows measuring fibre-surrounding medium changes with very high sensitivity for label-free and real-time biomolecular interaction analysis.


1. A review of fifty-eight posterior dislocations or fracture-dislocations of the hip is presented. 2. With few exceptions, patients were treated by immediate reduction of the dislocation under general anaesthesia, traction for six weeks and avoidance of weight-bearing for a further six weeks. 3. The results are discussed with reference to the age of the patient, length of follow-up, side affected and type of dislocation. 4. As a result ofthis review, we propose to reduce the period oftreatment in Type I dislocations (posterior dislocation without fracture) and to continue a conservative policy in respect to treatment and reconstructive hip surgery in Types II and HI fracture-dislocations.


Representatives of CresCom Bank announced today that they have acquired the commercial property located at 13021 Ocean Hwy. in Pawleys Island, S.C.


The article presents studies on the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs based on megestrol acetate and comparisons with the developed by us comprehensive drug scheme of contraception. For the experiments were selected 115 clinically healthy female cats aged 1.5 to 6 years and 79 bitches aged 2 to 7 years. They were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Animals of the control group were given only the contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate, and the animals of the experimental group prescribed a contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate in combination with homoeopathic preparations «Ovaryovit» and «Mastometrin», which were injected intramuscularly in the dosage for middle and large dogs 2–4 ml, female cats and small breeds of dogs 0.5–2 ml, three times per week, course of treatment six weeks. Diagnosis of the reproductive system and the mammary gland of females of the control and experimental groups of animals for the presence of pathology were conducted one year after the administration of drugs by ultrasound and clinical examination. As a result of the research, it was found that as a result of the comprehensive use of the contraceptive drug on the basis of megestrol acetate with homoeopathic drugs «Ovaryovit» and «Mastometrin», the percentage of diseased animals in the experimental group (disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland) among cats was less than 16% in comparison with control (P ≤ 0.005). The disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland in the experimental group of cats were reversible and did not require surgical intervention. In the experimental group of bitches, the percent of animals with disorders in reproductive system and mammary gland were smaller by 22.4% compared with the control group of animals (P ≤ 0.005). And also all disorders at the reproductive system and mammary gland in the experimental group of cats were reversible and did not require surgical intervention. The use of drug contraception in combination with homeopathic remedies for the reproductive system of animals showed a significant reduction in the incidence of pathology of the reproductive system and the mammary gland in cats and females. The use of homeopathic remedies, simultaneously with the setting of synthetic progestogens, reduced the negative impact on the reproductive system and mammary gland of female animals (cats and bitches) with complete suppression of estrus.


Abstract We currently lack critical information about an important component of community-based service use-attitudes about these services. To understand such attitudes, 115 older adults (age 65+) participated in in-depth interviews. Because of their vulnerability to poor health status, insufficient resources, and low use of formal services relative to their needs, we oversampled African-American and rural elders. Both positive and negative attitudes were expressed about formal services, with five overarching categories of concern emerging from the analyses. These concerns included (1) the quality of the program or staff; (2) security; (3) cost and eligibility requirements; (4) transportation; and (5) logistical elements. Implications and recommendations are suggested.


Abstract : A prediction of laser performance of Tm transitions from the F4 to the H6 manifolds in ten garnets has been made by using a quantum-mechanical model. Theoretical energy levels, branching ratios, and population inversion percentages were calculated to determine threshold as a function of temperature.


Osteosarcoma is characterized by early lung metastasis and a high recurrence rate. Research on anti-osteosarcoma drugs is progressing slowly, and patient survival rates have not been improved. Ophiopogon saponin B (OP-B), a steroidal saponin monomer extracted from the ophiopogon japonicus,
 is effective in the treatment of many cancers. We explored the mechanism underlying the in vitro effects of OP-B on proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in cultured osteosarcoma U2OS cells. We observed significant reductions in optical density, clonal number, and expression
 of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and POU Class 3 Homeobox 3 (POU3F3) in the presence of OP-B. OP-B also increased the apoptotic rate and malondialdehyde expression. Downregulation of POU3F3 inhibited U2OS proliferation and oxidative stress in osteosarcoma cells and promoted
 apoptosis. OP-B reduced POU3F3 expression in U2OS cells, and overexpression of POU3F3 reversed the effects of OP-B on proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. We thus conclude that OP-B promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and the oxidative stress response of osteosarcoma cells
 by downregulating POU3F3 expression. These results suggest an avenue for the research and development of new drugs for osteosarcoma.


Maternal sleep disordered breathing and sleep disruption have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes through multiple potential pathophysiologic pathways. We hypothesize that disordered maternal sleep also adversely impacts the neuromaturation of the fetus.


This research deals with some sources of language, that is, the eloquent Bedouins, and I devoted the Al-Mubtaker and Al-Mudrek, so I gathered what I stood on them from their aphorism, which is thirty-five aphorisms, I presented them with a prelude dealing with the Arab narradores and their transition to Khorasan, and investigated the name of the Al-Mubtaker and Al-Mudrek of them, and then showed their time and then displayed this dictum and documented, then studied it as a linguistic study, then I dealt with the contents of the dictum, the language issues in it from the conjugation and the derivation and semantic relationships of its semantic words and semantic fields, and languages, then I dealt with criticism of what I stood on the problem in the deed of the dictum and its body. Then the conclusion that included the most important results, including: eloquence of the Al-Mubtaker and Al-Mudrek, and the richness of their impact, and they are two time groups, End of the second century and beyond.


This work presents a methodology to obtain a geometric and frequency dependent model of integrated magnetics. The modeling procedure presented in this work is based on the use of 2D instead of 3D finite element analysis (FEA) solvers. The main advantages of this procedure are that all geometrical and frequency effects are taken into account using 2D FEA solvers, but the time consumption is much lower than using 3D solvers. Some experimental results illustrate the application of the methodology, which is especially useful to adjust the coupling coefficient between each pair of windings before the component construction.


Forest fires, soil erosion, and land use changes in watersheds nearby Lake Mead and inflows from Las Vegas Wash into the lake are considered as sources of the lake's water quality impairment. These conditions result in higher concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC). TOC in contact with Chlorine which is often used for disinfection purposes of drinking water supply causes the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs). THM is one of the toxic carcinogens controlled by the EPA's disinfection by-product rule. As a result of the threat posed to the drinking water used by the 25 million people downstream, recreational area, and wildlife habitat of Lake Mead, it is necessary to develop a method for near real-time monitoring of TOC in this area. Monitoring through a limited number of ground-based monitoring stations on a weekly/monthly basis is insufficient to capture both spatial and temporal variations of water quality changes. In this study, the multi-sensor remote sensing technology linking those ground-based TOC analyzers and two satellites with the aid of data fusion and mining techniques provides us with near real time information about the spatiotemporal distribution of TOC for the entire lake on a daily basis. A data fusion method was applied to bridge the gap of poor 250/500m spatial resolution for the land bands of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries with the 30 m enhanced spatial resolution of Landsat's imageries which suffers from long overpass of 16 days. Consequently, near-real time Integrated Multi-sensor Fusion and Mining (IDFM) techniques produce synthetic fused images of MODIS and Landsat satellites with both high spatial and temporal resolution in order to create near-real time TOC distribution maps updated by ground-based TOC analyzers and lead to sustainable water quality management with the aid of IDFM in Lake Mead watershed.


The pharmaceutical sector has to overcome some unique challenges as it strives to implement best practice - not least a complex part number matrix, stringent traceability requirements and thorny inventory management. This paper discusses how the pharmaceutical industry could face all these challenges.


The article presents the results of a survey of 30 male patients with urogenital chlamydial infection, consisting in a barren marriage. Monoinfection detected in 53.3% of patients mixed infection 57%. The most common are chlamydia Assiociants Tr. Vaginalis (71,4%). Infectious process in men runs malosimptomno with lesions of the prostate gland in 83.3% of cases. In 86.7% of patients had disturbances of spermatogenesis: 30,0% I have a degree oligozoospermia, at 40.0% oligozoospermia of II degree, oligozoospermia Grade-III in 10.0% of patients was observed and 6.7% complete absence of sperm . In a study of female partners of men who are infertile marriages, at 80.0%) of them marked inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. The defeat of the upper sections of the urogenital tract was observed in 37.5 + 8.8%.


historians and 65 anthropologists, 30 of whom studied the Pygmies—have worked in the central African rainforests. Vansina then weaves archaeological, linguistic, oral and written history, and explorer's narratives into an ambitious and comprehensive historical account of political and social change in this understudied and underrepresented region, which is nearly the size of Western Europe. In so doing, this creative book serves as both a history and an exercise in methodologies for historical studies of non-literate societies. Vansina's major argument is that the peoples of the African rainforest are culturally similar because they share a common tradition. Although the author recognizes that the concept of tradition may imply stasis or may mask invented traditions, he contends that traditions in the rainforest are, in fact, "out there": for example, the fundamental continuity of cognitive patterns as expressed in comparative semantic data; sets of institutional innovations in the domains of economy and politics that reveal changing traditions; and an ancestral social organization based on the house, village, and district, from which widely different societies evolved. Each of the 200 societies included in this analysis took a separate path of transformation from a common ancestral tradition. Perhaps the most provocative aspect of this compendious volume is its attention to linguistics. Not only does Vansina analyze semantic data in order to identify historical unity and divergence, he incorporates the very principles of historical and comparative linguistic research for the analysis of social and political forms. Just as related languages are seen to have diverged from a prior common language, so too are related political forms seen to diverge from an ancestral and common political tradition. The evidence is compelling but may be problematic for those unconvinced by evolutionary approaches. This is a powerful book. Historians and anthropologists of Africa will find every chapter thought provoking, and the comparative lexical data included in the book's appendix should be required reading for all scholars of central Africa. Jan Vansina is one of the most celebrated scholars of Africa. This book should leave no question that he is also on the cutting edge of comparative anthropology.


S and K matrices are obtained in closed form for scattering from a fixed dipole potential. They are shown to be equivalent, for intermediate values of the total angular momentum J, to the scattering matrices obtained from close-coupling calculations including the molecular core potential and rotational dynamics. This equivalence arises naturally from the separation of space into distinct dynamical regions, and is reflected clearly in a plot of the integrated cross section sigma J(j=0 to 1) against J. These matrix elements are energy independent; thus the method provides exceptional physical insight and computational economy.


A new superstring-motivated framework for a treatment of SU(N) SUSY GUTs is argued. We show that all the present difficulties of the minimal supersymmetricSU(5) model can successfully be overcome with a new renormalizable reflection-invariant superpotential with two-adjoint scalars, one of which is interpreted as a massive string mode essentially decoupled from the low-energy particle spectra. This superpotential is proved to properly fix a mass ratio of the basic adjoint scalar moduli, while its gauge-type reflection symmetry essentially protects the model from gravitational smearing. The significant heavy threshold effect related with the generic mass splitting of adjoint moduli is shown to alter appropriately the running of gauge couplings towards the realistic string-scale grand unification. Furthermore, the extension of the superpotential to some SU(N) GUTs gives rise to, among many degenerate vacua, the missing VEV vacuum configuration for the basic adjoint scalar, thus providing a further clue to a doublet-triplet splitting problem, on the one hand, and a family symmetry SU(N 5)F for quarks and leptons, on the other. We predict the existence on a TeV scale two or three families of pseudo-Goldstone bosons of type (5 + ¯ + SU(5)-singlets depending on SU(7) or SU(8) GUT selected.


Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair. We tested the hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I, or growth hormone (GH), or both (GH+IGF-I) would improve healing in collagenous connective tissue, such as ligament. These hypotheses were examined in rats that were allowed unrestricted activity after injury and in animals that were subjected to hindlimb disuse. Male rats were assigned to three groups: ambulatory sham-control, ambulatory-healing, and hindlimb unloaded-healing. Ambulatory and hindlimb unloaded animals underwent surgical disruption of their knee medial collateral ligaments (MCLs), while sham surgeries were performed on control animals. Healing animals subcutaneously received systemic doses of either saline, GH, IGF-I, or GH+IGF-I. After 3 weeks, mechanical properties, cell and matrix morphology, and biochemical composition were examined in control and healing ligaments.


The Change Movement, also known in Kurdish as Gorran, was founded in 2009 to address the political demands of some parts of the public in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) for political and economic reform. Corruption, lack of transparency in government and financial affairs revenue and expenditure, the lack of legitimate and effective institutions, the existence of political party interference in all sectors of society, and the power-sharing agreement between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) had all contributed to widespread feelings of discontent among members of the public. Gorran took advantage of these feelings of disenfranchisement to demand a complete change in the political structure that had been built by the KDP and the PUK in the Region. Using this message, Gorran's first election as an organized party in 2009 saw it become the second biggest political force in the Kurdistan Region and the biggest political party in the PUK's traditional stronghold in Sulaymaniyah and the Garmian area. This research divides the Gorran Movement's performance and effectiveness into three primary stages: (1) the opposition stage, which can be described as Gorran's golden period; (2) the government participation stage after 2013, which can be described as the Movement's period of weakness; and (3) the post-Nawshirwan Mustafa stage, which can be described as the Gorran Movement's period of political exhaustion. The central argument of this research is that the Gorran Movement's fundamental problem is that it became a part of the very structure that it had for many years campaigned against and is no longer a catalyst for reform.


This paper presents a novel planar monopole, printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate, which can be concealed within the housing of a folder‐type mobile phone as an internal antenna. The proposed internal planar monopole antenna occupies a small area of 10 × 40 mm2, and is capable of operating in the GSM/DCS/PCS bands. Good radiation characteristics for frequencies across the operating bands are also obtained. Details of the proposed antenna design and the obtained experimental results are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 106–108, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11140


We described two cases of shunt-related distal internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection from high cervical ICA stenosis. These cases suggest that for high cervical internal carotid endarterectomy, surgeons should reconsider using a carotid shunt to reduce the risk of ICA dissection.


Electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials have gained extensive attention owing to their interesting modulations of fluorescence by an electric stimulus. However, the limited performances, especially th...


Droplet dynamics in a recirculating flow is investigated in this work. In this regard, Lattice Boltzmann simulation is performed to study the problem. To give a perspective on the physics of this problem, time evolution of the droplet behaviour and the global flow pattern is investigated. Finding show that droplets with different density ratios have different path lines and different shapes of deformations. Also, diameter effects as an important parameter that affects the dynamics of the droplet are studied. Another parameter which should be regarded is the first position of the droplet in the flow domain due to the forces that global flow pattern exert on the drop and change the shape of the drop. To create a recirculation flow a lid driven cavity with moving upper wall is considered here.


Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), as the ICH approved standard terminology for all drug regulatory activities, is in many aspects different from previously used terminologies, mainly in size, specificity, structure, rules and conventions. All these aspects impact on retrieval strategies, analysis and pre- sentation of the coded data. After shortly describing the key features of MedDRA and their theoretically anticipated impact on data analysis and presentation, two examples for display of MedDRA coded data are described, one from a clinical study project and one from spontaneous reporting. The first example compares the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of the same data coded in WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART) and recorded in MedDRA; the second example demonstrates different ways of presenting the ADR profile of an antibacterial, using dif- ferent elements in MedDRA with the aim of presenting the ADR profile in a way that best transports the medical concepts reported with this drug. Based on some results obtained from these examples and based on analysis of the content of MedDRA version 6.0, the following limitations of MedDRA for data analysis have been identified: (i) the Preferred Term level is generally too granular, bearing the danger of underestimating risks, and the midlevels are currently not a robust, consistent and non-ambiguous level for data aggregation; and (ii) the rules relating to multiaxiality add


PURPOSE
Cone-beam CT (CBCT) in image-guide radiation therapy (IGRT) typicallyacquires scan data via the circular trajectory of the linearaccelerator's (linac) gantry rotation. Though this lends itself toanalytic reconstruction algorithms like FDK, iterative reconstructionalgorithms allow for a broader range of scanning trajectories. Weimplemented a non-circular scanning trajectory with Varian's TrueBeamDeveloper Mode and performed some preliminary reconstructions toverify the geometry.

METHODS
We used TrueBeam Developer Mode to program a new scanning trajectorythat increases the field of view (FOV) along the gantry rotation axiswithout moving the patient. This trajectory consisted of moving thegantry in a circle, then translating the source and detector along theaxial direction before acquiring another circular scan 19 cm away fromthe first. The linear portion of the trajectory includes an additional4.5 cm above and below the axial planes of the source's circularrotation. We scanned a calibration phantom consisting of a lucite tubewith a spiral pattern of CT spots and used the maximum-likelihoodalgorithm to iteratively reconstruct the CBCT volume.

RESULTS
With the TrueBeam trajectory definition, we acquired projection dataof the calibration phantom using the previously described trajectory.We obtained a scan of the treatment couch for log normalization byscanning with the same trajectory but without the phantom present.Using the nominal geometric parameters reported in the projectionheaders with our iterative reconstruction algorithm, we obtained acorrect reconstruction of the calibration phantom.

CONCLUSION
The ability to implement new scanning trajectories with the TrueBeamDeveloper Mode enables us access to a new parameter space for imagingwith CBCT for IGRT. Previous simulations and simple dual circle scanshave shown iterative reconstruction with non-circular trajectories canincrease the axial FOV with CBCT. Use of Developer Mode allowsexperimentally testing these and other new scanning trajectories. Support was provided in part by the University of Chicago Research Computing Center, Varian Medical Systems, and NIH Grants 1RO1CA120540, T32EB002103, S10 RR021039 and P30 CA14599. The contents of this work are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the supporting organizations.


The main objective of this research is to, first, monitor urban sprawl in the metropolis of Tehran and, second, to assess the CA–Markov model in the simulation of land-use change. Land-use changes generally occur in developing countries through new building construction. The rapid pace of this development has brought forward a number of research activities involving new applications for modelling this phenomenon. In this research, urban sprawl is examined in the urban fringe of Tehran and, subsequently, the CA–Markov model is implemented in order to evaluate the model. The CA–Markov model is a spatially explicit model for land-change modelling, which has not been implemented very frequently to track urban expansion. This model, however, which is an integrated module of both cellular automata and Markov Chain models, predicts forthcoming changes over time, based on the past use of land in the research area. Urban expansion between 1986 and 2006 was simulated through employing the model in the metropolis of Tehran in order to calibrate and customise the model through a training phase. Consequently, the optimal rules to achieve the most accurate results were retrieved and input to simulate future land-use situations, i.e. 2016 and 2026. The achieved results represent a big conversion of green areas and open lands to built-up areas.


The time-resolved resonance Raman spectrum (excitation: 532 nm, 30 ns laser pulse; optical multichannel detection) of the short-lived species generated by UV flash irradiation of a benzooxazolinic spiropyran in toluene or benzene, has been obtained. The CW resonance Raman spectrum of a related permanent benzooxazolinic merocyanine closely resembles the spectrum of the transient species. A tentative assignment of the Raman bands is proposed in order to characterize the bonds directly involved in the π-electron delocalization of the merocyanines.


A new technique for laser trimming of polysilicon resistors has been developed. In this scheme an undoned poiysilicon film is at first patterned lithographically. The photoresist pattern is then used to prevent doping certain narrow areas of each resistor during the impurity implanting, thus the protected areas remain insulating after wafer processing.The subscqent laser scanning of the undoped regions can precisely reduce the resistance value by the lateral diffusion of impurities. Trimming can be accomplished by changing the laser power or position. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with its fundamental (1. 06μm ) and second harmonic (0. 53 μm) radiations was used successfu]ly. The processing is applied to P8ssivated resistors with negligible (approximately zero) post trimming drift and the TCRs of trimmed resistors can be matched to the ones of untrimmed resistors in the same film.


To deliver reliable software, developers may rely on the fault detection capability of test suites. To evaluate this capability, they can apply code coverage metrics before a software release. However, recent research results have shown that these metrics may not provide a solid basis for this evaluation. Moreover, the fixing of a fault has a cost, and not all faults have the same impact regarding software reliability. In this sense, operational testing aims at assessing parts of the system that are more valuable for users. The goal of this work is to investigate whether traditional code coverage and code coverage merged with operational information can be related to post‐release bug detection. We focus on the scope of proprietary software under continuous delivery. We performed an exploratory case study where code branch and statement coverage metrics were collected for each version of a proprietary software together with real usage data of the system. We then measured the ability to explain the bug‐fixing activity after version release using code coverage levels. We found that traditional statement coverage has a moderate negative correlation with bug‐fixing activities, whereas statement coverage merged with the operational profile has a large negative correlation with higher confidence. Developers can consider operational information as an important factor of influence that should be analysed, among other factors, together with code coverage to assess the fault detection capability of a test suite.