Background and Aim: Previous gait analysis of partial foot amputee subjects has focussed on quantification of joint angles, moments and powers without quantifying muscle forces. This research aimed to develop a subject-specific musculoskeletal model of a partial foot amputee gait to quantify muscle forces of a lower limb affected by a mid-foot amputation during walking non-invasively. Technique: First, a musculoskeletal model of the subject was developed. Secondly, the time history of joint moments were predicted by the model and compared with those calculated by a non-musculoskeletal model to verify the model calculation and thirdly, the time history of muscle forces were predicted by the musculoskeletal model of the subject using collected kinematic and kinetic data of the subject during walking. The timings of generated muscle forces and EMG signals were used for the evaluation of muscle forces predicted by the musculoskeletal model. Discussion: The timing of muscle forces and EMG signals of muscles indicated that the model predictions for individual muscle forces of the lower limb were reliable and the musculoskeletal model quantified the muscle forces to some degrees of confidence. Clinical Relevance: Further research is required to understand the effects of partial foot amputation on muscle adaptation during walking, which should help to inform new surgical methods of tendon transfer designs of prosthetic/orthotic interventions, with greater focus on improving the gait patterns.


On 5 August 2010, the Government Emergency Ordinance 459/2010 (hereinafter, the "GEO") amending the Romanian Competition Law 21/1996 (hereinafter, the "Romanian Competition Law") entered into force.…


Compared to classical 'forward' genetics in which the changed phenotype of an organism is correlated with mutations in the genome, the availability of complete nucleotide sequences of many microbes and animals now allows the rational engineering of mutations in individual genes and identification of the correlated change in phenotype of the reconstituted organism ('reverse genetics'). Reverse genetics enables precise assignment of phenotypic changes to genomic mutations. The goal to 'rescue' infectious rotavirus from a mutated genome has eluded success for a long time, and only recently a plasmid only-based, helper virus-free reverse genetics system for species A rotaviruses has been developed. Based on background information on rotavirus structure, classification, replication and genetic research, the new procedure is reviewed in detail, and its versatility and significance for future basic and translational research are discussed.


Geomagnetic matching aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a new method in navigation technology. In this paper, the Contour Matching (CM) algorithm is studied. In the Contour Matching algorithm, the matching path is a translation of INS indicated path, so this algorithm is sensitive to the velocity and yaw errors. In order to overcome the insufficiency of the CM, an improved Contour Matching algorithm called Iterative Contour Matching (ICM) algorithm is put forward. In this algorithm, matching algorithm of searching for matching point one by one is used to correct the INS cumulative errors. The INS indicated path is updated gradually and this is an iterative process. The matching precision and the robustness of the algorithm are analyzed by simulation. This algorithm is proved to be robust. The results show that ICM can correct the velocity and yaws error in a way and the matching errors of the algorithm can be controlled in one gridding (100 m).


Global warming is a serious issue that demands the attention of scientists and environmentalists everywhere. A system for tracking and assessing the factors contributing to global warming can be developed using the Internet of Things (IoT), a promising technology. The system suggests an IoT with AI for global warming prediction and management system in this work. An earth-wide monitoring system can detect and predict how a dangerous atmospheric deviation may affect the climate. The presented method uses IoT sensors to collect temperature, humidity, and air quality information from different places. Based on this information, a Machine Learning (ML) model analyses and forecasts the implications of global warming. The system can produce real-time statistics and notifications in the event of an anomaly. The proposed technology is adaptable and could be widely used to monitor global warming on a regional or international scale.


The taxonomy of the species of Cupressaceae indigenous to Vietnam is reviewed. Cupressus tonkinensis Silba is considered the correct name for the Cupressus in Langson province, not Cupressus torulosa . The genus Xanthocyparis is reduced to a subgenus of Cupressus and the new combination Cupressus vietnamensis (Farjon & Hiep) Rushforth made. The genus Fokienia is not considered separable from Chamaecyparis and the combination Chamaecyparis hodginsii (Dunn) Rushforth is made. The conifers associated with Cupressus vietnamensis and their conservation are discussed.


A method to achieve high data rate transmission in a cognitive radio (CR) system with adaptive use of spectrum is proposed. A periodic power spectral density measurement is taken over the span of the transmission band to identify spectral areas with low jammer and/or interference power. A probabilistic algorithm is then used to define spectral regions, adaptively and pseudorandomly, in which a frequency-hopped spread-spectrum (FHSS) system can operate. Simulation results have shown that schemes incorporating spectrum measurement and adaptive frequency hopping, combined with multiband transmission, exhibit relatively large gains compared to schemes employing multiband transmission only and considerable gain when compared to single carrier FHSS transmission schemes


In this study the effects of a 6 week spinning cycling training on the body composition of women were investigated. Twelve sedentary women (32-47 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. The 6-week training program consisted of exercise sessions on 3 days per week. The intensity of the training program that was kept low in the beginning was increased in the subsequent weeks. The training sessions including the warm-up and cool down lasted for 30-60 minutes. The analyses on the body compositions were measured regularly every week with bioelectrical impedance method. In data analysis descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used. In the end of the 6-week spinning workouts positive changes were observed in many parameters related to body composition. Particularly after the 3rd week the significant changes recorded were noteworthy. At the end of the 6th week those who were overweight by World Health Organization (WHO) standards moved onto normal weight category and those who were obese became overweight. In conclusion it was seen that the spinning cycling workouts were seen as as effective method to lose weight and reduce the body fat ratio among women in this age group. This exercise method may be recommended for getting good results among obese and overweight women in a short period of time.


New observations permit a redetermination of the orbit of the red dwarf binary L 726-8. The resulting masses, assuming a reasonable mass-ratio, are 0.12/ sub sub solar / and 0.10/sub sub solar /; these values are about 2(1/2) times larger than those heretofore quoted. Consequently, it appears likely that the components are normal hydrogen-burning stars on the main sequence. (auth)


Background: Verbal bullying and body shaming are common phenomena among high school students. Verbal bullying can affect students' confidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between verbal bullying, body shaming behavior, and student self-confidence. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design, 267 students in one of the senior high schools in Sidoarjo, Indonesia were selected by cluster sampling. Bullying behavior was measured by the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) and the Objectivity Body Consciousness Scale (OBC). Those two variables were tested by the Spearmen Rho analysis test. Results: The results showed that most of the verbal bullying and body shaming behavior was in the moderate category (93.3%) while most of the high school students had low self-confidence (65.2%). The Spearmen Rho test indicated that the value of r= -0,230, ρ=0,001 (ρ<α=0,05), means that there is a low correlation between verbal bullying body shaming behavior, and self-confidence. Conclusions: The implication of this study shows that the higher verbal bullying and body shaming the lower the high school students' self-confidence. There are many factors that can influence students to increase their self-confidence also to prevent verbal bullying and body shaming action, one of them is individual counseling which students take counseling together both with the teacher and the parents.


Oxide nanoparticles of Bi-Ti-O system were fabricated in TiO2 host material by ion beam irradiation. The implanted nanoparticles were evaluated by high-energy X-ray diffraction. The irradiated Bi ions were implanted in the TiO2 as Bi2O3. The implanted Bi2O3 were changed to Bi2Ti2O7 through heating process. The host TiO2 was not damaged seriously by the Bi-ion irradiation owing to its diffuse crystal system. This technique can be used to make the ferroelectric nanoparticle in the paraelectric host material and realize the structure of magnetostrictive material similar to SmFe2.


Cellular reprogramming of committed cells into a pluripotent state can be accomplished by ectopic expression of genes such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. However, during reprogramming, it has been verified that failures of reactivating endogenous genes and epigenetic remodelling lead to partially reprogrammed cells exhibiting features similar to those of fully reprogrammed cells. In this study, partially reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (pre-iPSC) were derived from porcine fetal fibroblasts via drug-inducible vector carrying human transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate characteristics of pre-iPSC and reprogramming mechanisms. The pre-iPSC were stably maintained over an extended period having in vitro differentiation ability into 3 germ layers. The pluripotent state of pre-iPSC was regulated by modulation of culture condition. They showed naive- or primed-like pluripotent state in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplemented culture conditions respectively. However, pre-iPSC could not be maintained without ectopic expression of transgenes. The cultured pre-iPSC expressed endogenous transcription factors (OCT4 and SOX2) except for NANOG known as gateway into complete reprogramming. In addition, endogenous genes related to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (DPPA2, CDH1, EPCAM, and OCLN) were not sufficiently reactivated as measured by qPCR. DNA methylation analysis for promoters of OCT4, NANOG, and XIST showed that epigenetic reprogramming did not occurred in female pre-iPSC. Given the results, we found that expression of exogenous genes could not sufficiently activate the essential endogenous genes and remodel the epigenetic milieu for achieving faithful pluripotency in pig. Accordingly, investigating pre-iPSC could help us to improve and develop reprogramming methods via understanding reprogramming mechanisms in pig. This work was supported by the Next-generation BioGreen 21 Program (PJ0113002015), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.


The aim of the study – to evaluate the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the prognostic value of the initial levels of osteoassociated hormones and chemical elements in hair and blood. Materials and methods. 79 patients with AS (95 % of men and 5 % of women at the age of 38.3 ± 1.3 years) were under observation. The duration of the clinical manifestation was 11.4 ± 0.8 years, the I degree of the disease activity was detected in 32 % of the cases, II – 39 %, III – 29 %, seropositivity for HLA-B27 was diagnosed in 88 % of the surveyed, for antibodies to cyclic citrulline peptide – in 3.6 % of cases, for rheumatoid factor – in 6.3 % of cases. Osteodeficiency in the form of osteopenia and osteoporosis occurred in 49 % of AS observations. Patients were examined with two-energy X-ray osteodensitometry of the proximal femoral part. Blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PH), osteocalcin (OC), calcitonin (CT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were studied in blood. Osteoassociated chemical elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, Sr, Zn) were estimated in blood and hair. Results. There was no effect of the treatment in 4% of the patients, the mild improvement was detected in 21% of the examined patients, the improvement – in 70 %, significant improvement – in 4 %. In AS, there is an increase in the content of PH, OC and the activity of AP in blood with decrease of CT, which is accompanied by increase in Li, Mg, Pb and Sr concentrations in blood with decrease in Ca, Fe, Mn, P parameters. In hair, the level of Pb increases with the inhibition of Ca, Co, Li and Sr, the indices of which correlate with PH, OC, CT and AP, relate to the degree of disease activity, the severity of bone-destructive joint changes and the presence of extraarticular (systemic) signs of the autoimmune process. The initial indices in blood of PT, Co and Mg and in hair of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Pb and Sr influence on the effectiveness of pathogenetic medicamentous basic treatment of AS patients. Sulfasalazine and leflunomide play a part in the integral dynamics of bone metabolism parameters, which, along with the parallel prescription of calcemin and ranelate Sr, affect the overall elemental compound of the organism. Under the influence of complex pathogenetic basis therapy, Ca concentration in blood increases and Mg content in hair decreases, and against the background of the additional prescription of calcemin and ranelate Sr, the level of Sr is restored in hair. The combined use of calcemine and ranelate Sr is necessery to all AS patients with osteodeficiency (osteoporosis, osteopenia). Prognostically favorable criteria for the subsequent pathogenetic basis therapy of the disease can be Mg concentration in blood 250 μg / g, while the blood level of the PH >60 pg / ml is a prognosis negative factor in the effectiveness of further treatment. Conclusions . The effectiveness of basic therapy in patients with AS depends on the initial state of bone metabolism. The presented data will allow to improve the quality of medical technology in the future for early diagnosis and predicting the further course of individual manifestations of the disease, to optimize the nature of rehabilitation activities in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis, to improve control over the effectiveness of treatment.


Adaptive techniques are considered for the estimation of the magnitude-squared coherence spectrum of two simultaneous intracardiac signals. Estimators based on single- and multiple-pass algorithms are proposed. Adaptive estimates of the magnitude-squared coherence spectrum are shown to effectively separate fibrillatory from several nonfibrillatory rhythms on the basis of 5 s of data. The significance of this work for sophisticated antitachyarrhythmia devices is indicated.<<ETX>>


Unilateral and bilateral experimental vaso-motor rhinitis was produced in 4 dogs with cervical sympathectomy unilaterally and bilaterally. We studied this problem from several points of view in order to explain the mechanism of vasomotor rhinitis and the relationship between upper and lower respiratory tract.


This research is motivated by the development of the spread of symbols of satanism in the modern era that mushroomed in various mass media, especially video clips to give and deliver messages. One of the top bands named Dewa 19 has symbols associated with symbols of satanism and spread the symbol through the media video clips of the songs of God 19. The focus of this study is the meaning of video clip symbols scattered on each video clip kara band Dewa 19. The theory used is Charles Sanders Peirce Semiotics theory which has a triadic model and trichotomy concept consisting of Representamen, interpretant, and object. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive type. The results of the research found that the meaning of the symbols scattered in each of the video clips of the band Dewa 19 is the result of the symbolic representation of satanism, among others: Horus's Eye, Pyramid Terpanchung, Chessboard Chess, Photo of Satan Church Founder, God Ra, ANKH SymbolKeywords: semiotics, satanism, Dewa 19, symbols.


This part is the verification and application of the local and through models as described in previous part 1 [7]. In‐house software system ROLLAN (Rolling Analysis) is developed in our laboratory to simulate the process history such as temperature evolution, strain and rolling force etc. Metallurgical phenomena include recrystallization in roughing and finishing, phase transformation in laminar cooling and final mechanical properties. Each local model is verified by laboratory and hot strip mill experiments, and a large amount of experimental data from the mill is collected for computational use. The mechanical properties of samples from the strip tail are compared with results predicted by the models. They agree very well for C‐Mn steels. In addition, two typical strip coils are opened, cut in the room temperature and divided into multi‐sections. The calculated and the measured microstructure and mechanical properties along the length direction are compared. The results show that both yield strength and tensile strength are in good agreement. Though elongation reveals a little deviation, reasonable agreement with the predicted results is achieved. However, it is also found that the properties vary in the length direction of the strip. Analysis indicates that this is caused by the inhomogeneity of the microstructure, while the latter is caused by process parameters.


This theoretical paper is touching the problem related to the nature and identity of sport management as a scientific discipline. Based on content analysis of the studies and articles related to the body of the knowledge , research focus and methodologies in sport management, the scientific status of sport management should be further underpinned by the utilization of the one out the most representative attempts of the validation of the scientific knowledge – Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes as introduced by Imre Lakatos (1978) and the author is discussing its appropriateness in the light of the context of the sport management


In a period of less than ten years, ion implantation has become an accepted production process in the semiconductor industry, despite considerable initial skepticism about the merits of the process. More recently, proton−enhanced diffusion has been used to fabricate state−of−the−art microwave bipolar transistors and appears to have a number of other applications, including extensions of the frequency response of GaAs FETs.The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic physics involved in each of these processes and to show how the relative merits of each lead naturally to a set of applications in which ion implantation, enhanced diffusion, and conventional thermal processes are combined to produce devices with characteristics superior to those previously available.The principal topics to be presented are the following: (1) Basic operating features of implantation machines with special attention to those characteristics which are required for economic, efficient production; (2) Basic physics of the imp...


The dynamical system with time varying stiffness subjected to multi excitation forces studied. The system is written as two degree of freedom consists of the main system and absorber. The multiple time scale perturbation method is applied to get the approximate solution up to the third approximation. The stability of the system at the simultaneous primary resonance is investigated using both frequency response equations and phase-plane methods. The effects of different parameters are studied numerically


This paper considers a family of nonconservative numerical discretizations for conservation laws which retain the correct weak solution behavior in the limit of mesh refinement whenever sufficient-order numerical quadrature is used. Our analysis of 2-D discretizations in nonconservative form follows the 1-D analysis of Hou and Le Floch [Math. Comp., 62 (1994), pp. 497--530]. For a specific family of nonconservative discretizations, it is shown under mild assumptions that the error arising from nonconservation is strictly smaller than the discretization error in the scheme. In the limit of mesh refinement under the same assumptions, solutions are shown to satisfy a global entropy inequality. Using results from this analysis, a variant of the "N" (Narrow) residual distribution scheme of van der Weide and Deconinck [Computational Fluid Dynamics '96, Wiley, New York, 1996, pp. 747--753] is developed for first-order systems of conservation laws. The modified form of the N-scheme supplants the usual exact single-state mean-value linearization of flux divergence, typically used for the Euler equations of gasdynamics, by an equivalent integral form on simplex interiors. This integral form is then numerically approximated using an adaptive quadrature procedure. This quadrature renders the scheme nonconservative in the sense described earlier so that correct weak solutions are still obtained in the limit of mesh refinement. Consequently, we then show that the modified form of the N-scheme can be easily applied to general (nonsimplicial) element shapes and general systems of first-order conservation laws equipped with an entropy inequality, where exact mean-value linearization of the flux divergence is not readily obtained, e.g., magnetohydrodynamics, the Euler equations with certain forms of chemistry, etc. Numerical examples of subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flows containing discontinuities together with multilevel mesh refinement are provided to verify the analysis.


A redesigned mud system reduced borehole enlargement in shale to an average 2 in. from 8 in. in an Egyptian Western Desert well. At least one of the three main changes that were made in the mud system was responsible for the improvement. The three modifications were: Change the mud from brackish to 15% NaCl; Increase the concentration of shale-stablizing sulfonated asphalt to 6 lb/bbl; Raise the mud weight by 0.5 lb/bbl. The redesigned mud was relatively easy to run, but more improvement is needed because the worst of the remaining borehole enlargement is occurring near potentially productive zones. Also, ways to reduce the cost of the mud, without affecting performance should be studied.


Summary: Rab GTPases are essential for vesicular transport. Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) binds to GDP‐bound rabs, removes rabs from acceptor membranes and delivers rabs to donor membranes. We isolated lethal GDI mutations in Drosophila and analyzed their developmental phenotypes. To learn how these mutations affect GDI structure, the crystal structure of Drosophila GDI was determined by molecular replacement to a resolution of 3.0 Å. Two hypomorphic, missense mutations are located in domain II of GDI at highly conserved positions, but not in previously identified sequence conserved regions. The mutant GDIs were tested for ability to extract rabs from membranes and showed wild‐type levels of rab membrane extraction. The two missense alleles showed intragenic complementation, indicating that domain II of GDI may have two separable functions. This study indicates that GDI function is essential for development of a complex, multicellular organism and that puparium formation and pole cell formation are especially dependent on GDI function. genesis 31:17–29, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract As a white assistant professor of mostly white graduate students who will become higher education leaders, I work to dismantle whiteness in my curriculum, assignments and pedagogy. I make meaning of my own white identity through my commitment to reflexivity as a constant activity. Equally salient are my identities as a queer, able-bodied, cisgender woman, who grew up working class in the rural Midwestern United States. This manuscript explores the ways my identities, experiences and teaching paradigm anchor my commitment to the work of deconstructing whiteness.


Characteristics of Al-based composites with waste stainless steel short fiber, fabricated by magnetic pulsed compaction and sintering were investigated. The compacts prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction showed high relative density and homogeneous microstructure compared with that by conventional press compaction. The relative density of sintered composites at for 1 h exhibited the same value with compacts and decreased with increase in STS short fiber content. The reaction between Al and STS phase was confirmed by the microstructural analysis using EDS. The sintered composites, prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction, showed increased hardness value with increasing STS fiber content. Maximum yield strength of 100 MPa and tensile strength of 232 MPa were registered in the AI-based composite with 30 vol% STS short fiber.


East Java Province in Indonesia is the centre of the eastern Indonesia region and it has a fairly high economic significance, which has contributed 14.85% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The role of Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry (LMSMI) clusters in this province is very important and strategic as one of the main drivers for economic progress and it becomes a part of the efforts to improve the society's life. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of LMSMI clusters continuously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the productivity changes of LMSMI clusters in East Java Province, Indonesia, so that they will be able to survive, grow and compete in facing global competition. The method used in this study is the method of DEA-based Malmquist Productivity Index. The result of this study indicates that 50% of the LMSMI clusters in East Java Province are in the category of improved productivity, while the remaining clusters are in the category of declining productivity.


The introduction of molecular doping process is necessary to enhance the optic and electronic properties of organic semiconductors for facilitating charge transport. In particular, since the doping process has a positive influence on the charge transfer interaction between host semiconductor and dopant, improved mobility has been efficiently achieved. Despite its advantages, doping technologies in organic solar cells (OSCs) are emphasized to the development of n‐type dopants used for balancing the electron and hole. In addition, since the bulk‐heterojunction microstructure in OSCs has randomly blended phases of the donor and acceptor, it is important to optimize charge extraction without loss by controlling the morphology. Herein, OSCs by p‐type doping with formic acid (FA) into a photoactive layer is reported. The champion device yields a significantly improved power conversion efficiency from 14.3% to 15.3% with a high fill factor of 71.7%. It is found that the p‐doped photoactive layer exhibits enhanced conductivity, improved carrier mobilities, suppressed charge recombination, and lowered leakage current. The FA simultaneously acts as a film morphology controller of the photoactive layer with enhanced phase separation to transport the charge efficiently. Thus, the doping process with FA can maintain the device performance in stability tests (95.6% remaining).


A solar cell comprising a substrate region is formed. The region has a dopant. The region may be a selective emitter solar cell of one of the source and the back surface field. Grid lines are deposited over the first portion of the region. Generating a dopant profile, the dopant concentration of the electrically active dopants at a surface portion of the first portion was distributed in the region is less than in a portion of the electrically active dopant at a distance from said surface concentration. In embodiments, electrically active dopants in a part of the second portion of the outer region of the grid lines are deactivated. So that the grid lines are used as a dopant mask deactivated.


A diesel engine hardware-in-loop simulation system is introduced based on computer-aided test system to simulate the speed of diesel engine by utilizing the timer chip 8253. The principle and software/hadware are explained. This system has the advantage of simple structure and extension by test.


We use quantum kinetic theory to calculate the thermoelectric transport properties of the 2D single band Fermi-Hubbard model in the weak coupling limit. For generic filling, we find that the high-temperature limiting behaviors of the electrical (∼ T ) and thermal (∼ T ) resistivities persist down to temperatures of order the hopping matrix element T ∼ t, almost an order of magnitude below the bandwidth. At half filling, perfect nesting leads to anomalous low temperature scattering and nearly T -linear electrical resistivity at all temperatures. We hypothesize that the T linear resistivity observed in recent cold atom experiments is continuously connected to this weak coupling physics and suggest avenues for experimental verification. We find a number of other novel thermoelectric results, such as a low-temperature Wiedemann-Franz law with Lorenz coefficient 5π/36.


In this paper we describe a method of simulating satellite motions around Jupiter by using VRML. Jupiter is a largest planet in solar system that orbits the Sun in between Mars and Saturn orbits. It has 16 satellites as follows: Adrastea, Metis, Amalthea, Thebe, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, and Sinope. We have developed a program written in Javascript that generates the VRML codes automatically for given parameter inputs. The user then views the satellite motions by loading the VRML codes to a VRML browser. In this simulation, we have used mean orbital elements of the satellites published in Astrophysical Data: Planet and Stars 1) . We conclude that VRML combined with web technologies can be used as a 3D tool for simulating the satellites orbits in solar system.


1 The kinetics and metabolism of milacemide have been studied in an animal model which allows the simultaneous investigation of the temporal inter‐relationships of drugs and metabolites in blood (pharmacokinetics) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, neuropharmacokinetics) in individual freely moving rats. 2 Milacemide dose‐dependently increased CSF glycine and glycinamide (intermediary metabolite) concentrations. This confirms that milacemide is a CNS glycine prodrug. 3 Pretreatment with l‐deprenyl (2 mg kg−1), a specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B), almost completely prevented the formation of glycinamide and increased milacemide accumulation in CSF. Tmax and t1/2 were significantly increased and Cmax and AUC values were decreased for glycinamide compared to controls. Pretreatment with clorgyline (5 mg kg−1), a specific inhibitor of MAO‐type A, only moderately decreased glycinamide Cmax and AUC values. 4 After milacemide administration (100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1, i.p.) serum and CSF milacemide concentrations rose linearly and dose‐dependently. Serum glycinamide concentrations exhibited small dose‐dependent rises but these were not linearly related. In contrast, CSF glycinamide concentrations rose linearly and dose‐dependently with Cmax values 2.5, 3.2 and 4.1 times greater than the corresponding values for serum glycinamide after giving 100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1 respectively of milacemide. 5 Serum glycine concentrations were unaffected but CSF concentrations increased dose‐dependently and these were significant at the higher milacemide doses (200 and 400 mg kg−1). Animals given 400 mg kg−1 milacemide had glycine values which were still significantly elevated 7 h later. 6 In conclusion, serum milacemide rapidly enters and equilibrates with the CNS compartment where it is metabolised primarily by MAO‐B to glycinamide and finally to glycine. Metabolism in the peripheral compartment is negligible.


This article concerns a brief history of the pursuit of truth throughout human history noting that torture was a legally-permitted means whose contestation happened due to the Enlightment. The origin of the principle of self-incrimination is British in light of its historical particularities. Along with its own evolution, the principle is foreseen today even in a great deal of international statutes. In Brazil, prior to the alteration furthered by Law 10.792/2003, the principle had already found applicability through article 5, LXIII, in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the Decrees 592 and 678 issued in 1992


Literary quotations,chorale history and life history all involve the ancients and ancient things.But there are differences among them.Literary quotation is a kind of rhetoric,and its purpose is to replace and prove the ancients and ancient things have no independent status;Chorale history is a kind of subject matter,the ancients in ancient poems have independent status,and it must be evaluated;life history is general narrative and not literary quotations.


We present a novel approach to use zircon as a correlation tool as well as a monitor for magma reservoir processes in silicic volcanic systems. Fingerprinting eruption products based on trace element content and U-Pb dates of zircon offers a promising, previously underestimated tephra correlation perspective, particularly in cases where the main minerals and glass are altered. Using LA-ICP-MS analyses, a rapid and cost-effective method, this study presents U-Pb dates and trace element concentration data of more than 950 zircon crystals from scattered occurrences of early to mid-Miocene silicic ignimbrites in the northern Pannonian Basin, eastern-central Europe. This magmatic phase produced >4000 km3 of erupted material, which provide unique stratigraphic marker horizons in central and southern Europe. The newly determined zircon U-Pb eruption ages for the distal pyroclastic deposits are between 17.5 and 14.3 Ma, comparable with the previously published ages of the main eruptive events. Multivariate discriminant analysis of selected trace element concentrations in zircon proved to be useful to distinguish the main volcanic units and to correlate the previously ambiguously categorized pyroclastic deposits with them. Using the zircon trace element content together with published glass data from crystal-poor ignimbrites, we determined the zircon/melt partition coefficients. The obtained values of the distinct eruption units are very similar and comparable to published data for silicic volcanic systems. This suggests that zircon/melt partition coefficients in calc-alkaline dacitic to rhyolitic systems are not significantly influenced by the melt composition at >70 wt% SiO2 at near solidus temperature. The partition coefficients and zircon trace element data were used to calculate the equilibrium melt composition, which characterizes the eruption products even where glass is thoroughly altered or missing. Hence, our results provide important proxies for tephrostratigraphy in addition to yielding insights into the complex processes of silicic magma reservoirs.


This study demonstrates that there is a pronounced proincumbent response bias to the reported House vote in the 1978 and 1980 National Election Studies. The magnitude of the bias ranges from approximately 7 percentage points in 1980 to 14 percentage points in 1978. Only a small portion of the bias, less than 3 points, is attributable to the particular sample of congressional districts. We show that the major source of bias is the survey instrument itself. In the survey a number of questions before the vote question focus the attention of the respondent on the name and activities of the incumbent. Consequently, the survey instrument influences respondents who have little information and who are susceptible to prompting effects to identify the incumbent as the person for whom they voted. This means that studies using the 1978 or 1980 surveys run the risk of incorporating the bias into their findings. The nonrandom nature of the bias suggests that the impact of incumbency in determining the outcome of congressional elections has been overestimated.


A flow injection (FI) system for on-line microwave digestion of slurried samples with direct elemental determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. Organically based elemental reference samples were prepared as slurries in 5% v/v HNO3 and the system was optimized for slurry mass, acid strength and tube and microwave cavity geometry. Bubble formation during digestion was controlled by post-digestion cooling and pressure regulation. Comparison of direct and FI calibrations indicated no apparent loss in sensitivity. Various samples were examined and elemental recoveries for Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn were typically found to be in the range 94–107% with precisions of less than 4.5% relative standard deviation. The major source of error was found to be in the dispersion of solids (<180 µm) as slurries in dilute HNO3. The through put of samples in the system developed was found to be 1–2 min per sample.


There are numerous reports concerning the metabolism of estrogen in the foetus-placenta system such as the report by Diczfalusy et al. among others, but there still remain many problems unsolved as to the role of steroids that have eluded the conversion of DHA to estrogen and as to how the estrogen metabolism is conducted in the mother-placenta system. For the purpose to elucidate these problems the author studied the foetus-placenta system and the motherplacenta system each as a separate entity using labeled DHA. The results of the study are briefly summarized as follows. 1) It has been demonstrated that the conversion of androgen and estrogen from DHA into 11 steroids is being carried out in the mother's side as well as in the foetus side. 2) The activity of 16α-hydroxylase is higher in the foetus side than in the mother's side. 3) Estrogen derived from the mother-placenta system amounts to about 30% in the middle stage of pregnancy. 4) The rate of synthesis from DHA to estrogen is faster in the foetus-placenta system. 5) There can be observed no difference in the rate of androgen synthesis from DHA between the two systems. 6) The conversion of DHA to estriol is higher in the foetus-placenta system (about 2.5 times that in the mother-placenta system). 7) The conversion percentage of 16-epi-estriol, estradiol and estrone is higher in the mother-placenta system. 8) There is no significant difference in the fraction percentage of androgen between the two systems.


Empirically generated indices are used to evaluate the skill of a global climate model in representing the monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO). This work adapts the method of Suhas et al. (2013), an extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis of daily rainfall data with the first orthogonal function indicating MISO strength and phase. This method is applied to observed rainfall and Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2) simulation results. Variants of the CESM1.2 including upper ocean parameterizations for Langmuir turbulence and submesoscale mixed layer eddy restratification are used together with the EEOF analysis to explore sensitivity of the MISO to global upper ocean process representations. The skill with which the model variants recreate the MISO strength and persistence is evaluated versus the observed MISO. While all model versions reproduce the northward rainfall propagation traditionally associated the MISO, a version including both Langmuir turbulence and submesoscale restratification parameterizations provides the most accurate simulations of the time scale of MISO events.


This study presents an intelligent fuzzy ANN evaluation system that uses fuzzy set transformation by applying fuzzy dilution and fuzzy intensification processes. In this way it applies approximation hedges that offer proper linguistics describing the convergence of the network in various levels.


To determine the relative importance of inter- and intraspecific factors in regulating number and fecundity of pinworms in the hindgut of Periplaneta americana, repeated samples of roaches, each consisting of an adult male, an adult female, a late instar, and an early instar, were collected from each of 2 colonies, 1 colony (mixed) infected with Thelastoma sp., Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, and Leidynema appendiculatum and the other (isolate) infected with only the last-named species. Roaches were dissected, volume of hindgut estimated, and the number of female worms of each species was recorded. Female worms were dissected and the number of uterine eggs was counted. Gut volume was a significant predictor of numbers of all species except H. diesingi, numbers of which were correlated positively with those of its 2 interspecific associates. There was little evidence of interspecific competition within the host. In the mixed colony, L. appendiculatum occurred with Thelastoma sp. less often than expected, but this was the only negative interspecific interaction observed. Fecundity was not significantly correlated with numbers of interspecifics but was strongly and negatively cor- related with numbers of intraspecifics in all species. Leidynema appendiculatum occurred at about the same intensity in isolate and mixed colonies. These results suggest that the number of each species is independently regulated. Typically this occurs through nonoverlapping niches, but all evidence points to there being broad niche overlap in the species. Unpublished findings suggest that L. appendiculatum and Thelastoma sp. limit their own numbers by intraspecific interference, a phenomenon reported in several other pinworms. Reduced fecundity is presumably a sublethal manifestation of this interference. We propose that intraspecific interference holds numbers of each species below carrying capacity and permits their coexistence despite broad niche overlap. Prevalence was below 50% in the mixed colony and was 100% in the isolate colony. This suggests that the community in the mixed colony is the result of a 2-stage process where interspecific effects play an important role in establishment of a species but where intraspecific effects dominate the in-host environment.


Kerala state is unique in its agro-climatic variations and cropping pattern as compared to other states of India. Changes in Land Use pattern and cropping pattern in Kerala have been creating a lot of concern from the environmental as well as food security point of view. The present study examines shifts in land use pattern and changing trend of cropping pattern in Kerala from 2001 to 2012 period. Secondary data on area, production and productivity of major food crops and non food crops were collected from various sources. Compound annual growth rate and Cuddy-Della Valle instability index was computed to examine the growth and instability of the crops over the period (2001-2012). Crop diversification index was also calculated for the state for each year. The study observed that land which is categorized as cultivable waste, fallow other than current fallow and Current fallow recorded a positive growth in area. It is also found that banana(1.53%) and rubber(1.07%) showed maximum positive growth in terms of area. Among food crops rice (4.01%) tapioca (3.83%) and plantain (1.01%) showed a negative growth in area. Rice recorded negative growth in both area and production, which should be considered as an alarming situation as far as food security of Kerala is considered. It can be concluded that in Kerala Total cropped area is decreasing and food crops are more hard hitted by this shift than non food crops. Crop diversification index also point towards the trend of increasing monocropping in the state which favour non food crops.


The study of waves can be traced back to antiquity where philosophers, such as Pythagoras (c.560-480 BC), studied the relation of pitch and length of string in musical instruments. However, it was not until the work of Giovani Benedetti (1530-90), Isaac Beeckman (1588-1637) and Galileo (1564-1642) that the relationship between pitch and frequency was discovered. This started the science of acoustics, a term coined by Joseph Sauveur (1653-1716) who showed that strings can vibrate simultaneously at a fundamental frequency and at integral multiples that he called harmonics. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was the first to calculate the speed of sound in his Principia. However, he assumed isothermal conditions so his value was too low compared with measured values. This discrepancy was resolved by Laplace (1749-1827) when he included adiabatic heating and cooling effects. The first analytical solution for a vibrating string was given by Brook Taylor (1685-1731). After this, advances were made by Daniel Bernoulli (1700-82), Leonard Euler (1707-83) and Jean d'Alembert (1717-83) who found the first solution to the linear wave equation, see section (3.2). Whilst others had shown that a wave can be represented as a sum of simple harmonic oscillations, it was Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) who conjectured that arbitrary functions can be represented by the superposition of an infinite sum of sines and cosines now known as the Fourier series. However, whilst his conjecture was controversial and not widely accepted at the time, Dirichlet subsequently provided a proof, in 1828, that all functions satisfying Dirichlet's conditions (i.e. non-pathological piecewise continuous) could be represented by a convergent Fourier series. Finally, the subject of classical acoustics was laid down and presented as a coherent whole by John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh, 1832-1901) in his treatise Theory of Sound. The science of modern acoustics has now moved into such diverse areas as sonar, auditoria, electronic amplifiers, etc.


Carolina Odman makes the case for UNAWE, a means to share the inspiration and wonder of the universe and modern science with the very young. Some of them will become the talented scientists of the future; all of them should have wider horizons as adults.


Determination by gas-liquid chromatography of free amino acids in fluids of female Argas (Persicargas) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal & Kohls showed that glutamic acid predominated in hemolymph (46.3%) and phenylalanine in coxal fluid (60.5%). Glutamic acid and valine were both relatively high in gut fluid. Amino acid patterns in these fluids and in host (pigeon) serum were dissimilar.


In Tang Dynasty, there were many hermits who had ever been literators. The reasons why they withdrew from society were different from each other——some were firm in seclusion, some retired from political life after being officials for a few years, and some withdrew from society only for acquiring chances to walk into political circles. Of course, there were a lot of people who acted both as hermits and officials. The motivations of their withdrawing and the roads towords it were various. This article will try to say something about the question, though it is very difficult to summarize. The research of this question is necessary and will be helpful for us to know more about the hermits' thoughts, states of minds and the social reasons of their coming into being.


The objective of this experiment was to determine how source of selenium (Se) affects dairy cow performance, antioxidant status, and apparent absorption and retention. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24; 597 ± 49 kg BW) were blocked by days in milk (161 ± 18) and randomly assigned to receive 0.3 mg/kg of either: 1) organic Se (selenized yeast; ORG; Sel-Plex-Alltech); or, 2) inorganic Se (sodium selenite; INO) premix, top dressed and mixed into a ration daily. After an 11-week adaptation period (blood and milk sampled monthly), cows received an intraruminal dose of Se77 (either Se77 yeast or NaSe77O3) followed by a 4-day period of blood and rumen fluid sampling, and total collection of feces, urine, and milk. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS with fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction, and random effect of block. Daily DMI (23 ± 0.6 kg), milk yield (35 ± 1.2 kg), plasma glutathione peroxidase (64 ± 4.2 U), and serum Se (0.11 ± 0.003 µg/g) were not different between treatments during the adaptation period. Serum Se77 maximum concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were not different between treatments for 72 hours following infusion, but rumen fluid Se77 AUC was higher (P = 0.02) for ORG cows. Apparent absorption (64 ± 1.3%) and retention (44 ± 1.5%) of the Se77 dose did not differ between treatments. The ORG cows had lower urinary excretion (13 vs. 17 ± 0.6%; P < 0.01), higher milk excretion (6 vs. 2 ± 0.3%; P < 0.01), and similar fecal excretion (36 ± 1.3%; P = 0.9) of Se77 compared to INO cows. These results indicate that ORG Se increased Se content of milk and decreased Se excretion in urine, but did not alter performance, antioxidant status, and apparent absorption and retention of Se in mid-lactation cows.


Abstract:It can be safely claimed that there is no medieval script that has been seen, analyzed, and debated more than that of the mysterious and as-yet-unread Voynich Manuscript (Beinecke MS 408). For centuries, bibliophiles, linguists, codicologists, art historians, and amateur cryptologists have pored over the manuscript, examining it from every angle, debating every wormhole, arguing over every stain and crease. Some things we know: the invented script is comprised of carefully-written glyphs without precedent or obvious model; forensic material evidence has determined that the parchment, ink, and pigments date from the early 15th century; the provenance trail is nearly unbroken from the seventeenth century to today. But we still don't know how to read it, in spite of new theories flying across the internet on a near-weekly basis. "Voynichologists" disagree as to some of the most important and basic questions about the manuscript. How many letterforms are there? How many scribes can be identified? Are there ligatures, majuscules, abbreviations, and other scribal conventions? These questions have never been satisfactorily answered. Using digital paleographic methodologies including the Archetype (DigiPal) application and other annotation tools, this project will revisit the paleographic analyses of the Voynich glyphs to propose answers to some of these questions and discuss how these answers open avenues for further research.


This study discussed the historical meanings of Choseonjok`s anti Japanese stories through analyzing the historical background of the development of such stories and their values as historical materials and examining the contents of the stories. From the late 19th century, many Koreans had to move to the Manchurian area centering on Gando in China for a number of social reasons including the rulers` cruelty, unceasing natural disasters, and the invasion of Japanese imperialism. For the Korean immigrants, it was their historical mission not only to secure spaces for survival but also to struggle against Japanese invaders intensifying control over immigrants on the pretext of ``the safety of Japanese subjects`` lives and the protection of their properties.`` Particularly as Korean patriots exiled themselves from the home country from the Korea Japan Annexation in 1910 and joined the immigrants in order to establish the base of independence movements, the Korean district in the Manchurian area emerged rapidly as the central stage of anti Japanese struggles and national independence movements, and anti Japanese movements were closely interconnected to the daily life of the Korean society in those days. After the Manchurian Incident in 1931, Choseonjok`s anti Japanese movements were waged in alliance with anti Japanese struggles by Chinese Communists in the northeast China, and Choseonjok guerrilla units and their base were transformed to the main force of the Northeast Anti Japanese United Army and the base of anti Japanese guerrilla war. Choseonjok`s anti Japanese struggles for around half a century produced numerous anti Japanese stories. By analyzing the contents of these stories, we could find the national characteristics of Choseonjok`s anti Japanese struggles, the position and role of Choseonjok`s anti Japanese struggles in Chinese anti Japanese struggles, the sacrifices and costs that Choseonjok paid for anti Japanese struggles, and coalition and blood alliance with other peoples in the middle of toilsome struggles. These historical meanings are valuable for understanding the historical process that a new national community called Choseonjok was formed in China. Due to their characteristics such as popularity and authenticity, Choseonjok`s anti Japanese stories need to be approached not only from the literary dimension but also from the historical dimension.


Objective To evaluate clinical effect of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(APBSCT)on the treatment of hematologic malignancies.Methods Totally 231 patients(ALL in 45 cases,AML in 34 cases,NHL in 100 cases,HD in 31 cases,MM in 21 cases)with hematologic malignancies received APBSCT from March 2001 to February 2007.Therapeutic effect and complication were oberserved.Results Totally 230 patients obtained hematopoietic reconstitution quickly,one case failed.ALL CR1(first time CR):13 in DFS,4 alive with disease(LWD),11 in death;ALL CR2(second time CR):3 in DFS,4 in LWD,10 in death;AML CR1:12 in DFS,3 in LWD,6 in death;AML CR2:6 in DFS,2 in LWD,6 in death;NHL CR:43 in DFS,7 in LWD,9 in death;NHL CR2:18 in DFS,5 in LWD,7 in death;NHL NR:2 in DFS,4 in LWD,5 in death;HD CR1:10 in DFS;HD PR:12 in DFS,3 in LWD;HD RE:3 in DFS,2 in LWD,1 in death;MM:7 in DFS,6 in LWD,8 in death.Conclusion APBSCT is a safe and effective therapy method for treating hematologic malignancies.


Significance We demonstrate that instances of high gene-tree conflict (discordance in phylogenetic signal across genes) in mammals, birds, and several major plant clades correspond to rate increases in morphological innovation. We suggest that gene-tree conflict and rapid phenotypic change across major clades of vascular plants, mammals, and birds are often the result of coincident population processes (e.g., changes in population size, rapid speciation, and incomplete lineage sorting). Closer examination of these coincident patterns will contribute to a stronger understanding of the microevolutionary dynamics underlying the emergence of phenotypic patterns typically only observable over deep time. Our findings indicate that patterns of gene-tree conflict, occurring episodically across the Tree of Life, offer clues toward understanding the population-level processes driving major evolutionary transitions. Evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated with the episodes of rapid phenotypic innovation that underlie the emergence of major lineages. Although our understanding of the environmental and ecological contexts of such episodes has steadily increased, it has remained unclear how population processes contribute to emergent macroevolutionary patterns. One insight gleaned from phylogenomics is that gene-tree conflict, frequently caused by population-level processes, is often rampant during the origin of major lineages. With the understanding that phylogenomic conflict is often driven by complex population processes, we hypothesized that there may be a direct correspondence between instances of high conflict and elevated rates of phenotypic innovation if both patterns result from the same processes. We evaluated this hypothesis in six clades spanning vertebrates and plants. We found that the most conflict-rich regions of these six clades also tended to experience the highest rates of phenotypic innovation, suggesting that population processes shaping both phenotypic and genomic evolution may leave signatures at deep timescales. Closer examination of the biological significance of phylogenomic conflict may yield improved connections between micro- and macroevolution and increase our understanding of the processes that shape the origin of major lineages across the Tree of Life.


b 2. A 34-year-old woman is seen in consultation after developing a right subcortical hemorrhage during labor. Her neurologic history is notable for a prior left subcortical hemorrhage at age 18 that was attributed to mild head trauma. She was not hypertensive during her pregnancy. Her examination shows a mild left hemiparesis and is otherwise normal; blood pressure is 113/70mmHg. MRI of her brain shows a small acute hemorrhage in the right basal ganglia, diffuse white matter hyperintensities through both cerebral hemispheres, a small chronic hemorrhage in the left putamen and several subcortical microhemorrhages. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. chronic untreated hypertension B . COL4A1 mutation C. inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy D. preeclampsia E . reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome


The paper investigates the application of clustering algorithms to data obtained by magnetometry in the places of archaeological excavations. The goal was to enable automatic detection in order to find possible anomalies in the data that could indicate the presence of potential archeological sites. Analysis of the results of following experiments with clustering algorithms in presented: k-means, c-means and DBScan. The algorithms were run on a number of datasets, and visual assessment by experts confirmed the high level of accuracy of the results.


A method for simultaneous determination of 9 sulfonamides(sulfadiazine,sulfathiazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamethazine,sulfameter,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamonomethoxine,sulfadimethoxine and sulfachinoxaline) in seawater was developed.The target analytes were extracted on a porous polymer Oasis HLB column and subsequently eluted with methanol.Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out on a Waters ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-MS-MS) using multi-reactive monitoring mode.Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.2~1 000 μg/L.The method detection limits varied between 0.2 ng/L and 0.4 ng/L(S/N=10,concentration factor=1 000).Recoveries were between 86.4%~150.4% in seawater matrix at both 5.0 ng/L and 20.0 ng/L spiking levels using sulfamerazine as a surrogate,the relative standard deviations(RSD,n=4) were in the range of 0.5%~8.4%.The method has been successfully applied in the survey of sulfonamide residue in the seawater samples collected from Xiamen area.


When the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)flies at low altitude to obtain high spatial resolution images,the geometric distortions and occlusions phenomena of the stereoscopic images are serious because of central projection imaging and high buildings' projection differences which are caused by different cameras' shooting position.Besides,the buildings which produce projection difference bring the problem of shadow simultaneously,which makes the gray values of the shadowed regions change locally.As a result,it is difficult to match UAV remote sensing images.Therefore,for the low-altitude photography remote sensing platform—UAV,occlusions,distortions and shadow are the major factors on influencing UAV aerial remote sensing image matching quality.This phenomenon is most obvious in the remote sensing images of cities.By adopting SIFT algorithm,which has strong robustness is rotation,occlusion,scaling and shadow,the paper realized accurate image matching for UAV imagery.


Abstract : Uncertainty is an inescapable part of war that stems, in part, from wars wicked problems and the complex, adaptive systems that produce them. While uncertainty in war is chronic, both operational intelligence and Operational Design endeavor to mitigate it on behalf of the commander. Operational intelligence strives to make sense of past and current circumstances to inform future action; Operational Design endeavors to shape the future based on what is learned from the past and known or suspected about the present. Operational intelligence collects and analyzes information to build understanding of a complex situation; Operational Design translates understanding into an approach for achieving operational aims and strategic outcomes. Without uncertainty in war, there would be no need for operational intelligence or Operational Design; because of uncertainty, they become two sides of the same coin. This project is about intelligence at the operational level of war. It is also about Operational Design and the 1948-1960 anti-communist counterinsurgency known as the Malayan Emergency. Using a dialectic approach, the project evaluates how operational intelligence should be influenced by emerging concepts of Operational Design. It first analyzes the essence and practice of operational intelligence, considers its relationship with the operational-level commander, and assesses its role in the Malayan Emergency. It then analyzes Operational Design, including a Design-based reassessment of the Malayan Emergency. Finally, it synthesizes studies of operational intelligence and Operational Design to produce insights and suggestions for commanders and their intelligence professionals on performing, educating, training, and equipping operational intelligence. The project concludes that operational intelligence is more than tactical reconnaissance writ large. It suggests ways to balance operational intelligence's inherent tensions.


Due to the uncivil method of enforcement,the uncertainty of legal status,the lagging concept and etc,the law enforcement of urban management has been more or less in dilemma though government at all levels have increased the power and strength of the law enforcement.In the light of the situation,taking the law enforcement of urban management in Nanning as point of penetration,combining the spirit of "constructing harmonious society" reported in the 17th National Congress,the author in this paper investigated the background and routing of the people-oriented concept to achieve the rule of law and humanization in the work of law enforcement of urban management.


Background: Throughout the world violent crimes due to firearm weapons have increased tremendously which are destabilizing political, social, and economic systems, and causing increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of firearm injuries and to assess their outcome at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Surgical UnitIV of Services hospital, Lahore from January2011 to December 2013. Data was collected regarding age, gender, date of incident, manner of infliction of injuries, site of external and internal injuries, number of wounds and outcome. It was tabulated and statistically analyzed on SPSS version17. Results: Total number of cases of firearm injury was 150 with male to female ratio 11.5 : 1. Commonest age group affected was third decade(52, 34.6%). The most commmonly involved body region was abdomen (54, 36%). The incidence of homicidal cases was 99% while that of accidental was 1% . No suicidal cases were reported. 56% sustained internal injuries with small bowel (50.9%) and liver (16.9%) most frequently injured in abdomen and lungs (71.4%) extra abdominally. The overall mortality rate was 5.3%. Conclusion: Firearms and their use are modifiable risk factors which if recognized and addressed can significantly reduce the firearm related morbidity and mortality in the country.


3 Running title: Transmission of MRSA ST398 in piglets 4 5 Florence Crombé , Wannes Vanderhaeghen , Jeroen Dewulf, Katleen Hermans, Freddy 6 Haesebrouck and Patrick Butaye 2 7 8 1 Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR), Department of Bacterial Diseases, Ukkel, Belgium 9 2 Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, 10 Merelbeke, Belgium 11 3 Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, 12 Obstetrics and Herd Health, Merelbeke, Belgium 13 14 15 Corresponding author. Mailing address: OD Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical 16 Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium. Phone: (32) 2 379 04 16. Fax: (32) 17 2 379 06 70. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com. 18 Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.07356-11 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 22 December 2011


The material processing procedure of bamboo was investigated for use as a gas diffusion layer (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Bamboo fibers were obtained from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis, moso bamboo) through mechanical treatment, delignification in NaOH solution at 120 °C, and subsequent defibration using an electric blender. The fibers contained cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as 70, 20, and 10 wt %, respectively. The fibers were molded into bamboo fiber sheets (BFS) and were subjected to carbonization to give carbonized bamboo fiber sheets (CBFS), in which the fibrous morphology remained. Both the in-plane and the through-plane electrical conductivities were measured after carbonization. For the first time, a single PEMFC operation test was demonstrated using CBFS as a GDL. As current GDLs are based on carbon fiber obtained from fossil fuel resources, the implementation of a plant-based method for GDL production would be beneficial in terms of CO2 reduction as well as sustai...


Collective farm trade in our country has always played an important part in satisfying the population's food needs in that it has permitted collective farms, state farms, and rural dwellers to sell their surplus, thus strengthening economic ties between town and country. It plays a major role in our day as well. The Food Program formulated its position on this point in a clear-cut, succinct principle: "To expand the network of collective farm markets, to improve the organization of trade in markets, to strengthen their material and technological foundation."


Metal matrix composites (MMCs) play a major role in materials science, particularly in the field of aerospace, marine, transportation, military and structural applications. They are used mainly in ...


Recent results from high-energy cosmic ray and gamma detectors indicate the occurrence of hadron acceleration in cosmic sources and possible production of very-high-energy gamma-rays and neutrinos through h-γ or h-h interactions.
Underwater and under-ice neutrino telescopes are discovery apparatuses aiming at the detection of high-energy (> TeV) astrophysical neutrinos. The operation of the Baikal, AMANDA, ANTARES and NEMO demonstrators, validated the
ˇCerenkov technique as preferred solution for the construction of larger HE neutrino telescopes: IceCube, operational at the South Pole, and KM3NeT, that will be built in the Mediterranean Sea. Several R&D activities are also conducted to develop complementary experimental techniques, based on the detection of coherent acoustic
(tens of kHz) or e.m. (GHz) radiation, induced by ultra-high-energy neutrino interaction in deep sea or ice.


The main objective of the given work consists in the account of the basic mechanisms, which decline processes in atmosphere from adiabaticity approach, and in the study of effect non-adiabaticity on the swing of eigenmodes of atmosphere at various altitudes. The dispersion equation is solved, dispersion curves for acoustic and gravity branches are explored. The increment of growth of eigenmodes at various altitudes of atmosphere is explored. Frequencies (real part) both for acoustic, and for gravity branches acoustic-gravity waves (AGW) in nonadiabatic atmosphere, coinciding with frequencies of the adiabatic model for the same wave vectors at low altitudes, smoothly decrease with altitude. It leads to decrease of a phase velocity for both branches at larger altitudes in a real atmosphere in comparison with predicted by the adiabatic model.


SUMMARY Although its explanatory value remains questionable, "race/ethnicity" is often offered as an explanation of enhanced risk behavior or enhanced risk of acquiring HIV. The literature is often unclear about the underlying causes of racial differences in seroincidence. By examining the role of intervening factors in the association between race and HIV risk, it was thought that the role attributed to race could be clarified. This document describes the process by which the differential factors affecting HIV risk in a population of out-of-treatment drug users were analyzed. Condom use, number of partners, number of times injecting in the previous 30 days, number of times injecting with a used needle, and number of times injecting with a used needle without cleaning were examined. Besides race, the other factors considered are demographics (gender, age, mobility, job status, education, domestic status) and sexually transmitted disease history. Data for the study were derived from the Risk Behavior Asses...


In this search may hatarocyclic compounds contain sulfur atoms e been prepared by reacting the di thiocarbamate derivatives with alfa –haloketones the compounds identified by melting point, FTIR, HNMR and C13 NMR


Now is a suitable time for considering in retrospect the summer visit—their first—of the New York City Ballet to Covent Garden. The company consists of some forty-four dancers, led by Maria Tallchief, with Jerome Robbins as guest artist. The soloists are Janet Reed, Tanaquil Le Clercq, Melissa Hayden, Patricia Wilde, Beatrice Tompkins, Nicholas Magallanes, Francisco Moncion, Herbert Bliss, Todd Bolender, Harold Lang, and Frank Hobi. The artistic director and principal choreographer is George Balanchine; the general director is Lincoln Kirstein. It is to these two men that the company owes its inception and its long gestation, for although the New York City Ballet has only been in existence since 1948, it has a genealogical tree which goes back some fifteen years, when George Balanchine, a graduate of the Russian State Academy of the Dance and choreographer to the Diaghilev Ballet from 1925 to 1929, met Lincoln Kirstein in London in 1933, who, desirous of founding an American Ballet, persuaded him to establish a School of American Ballet in New York, where Balanchine, with a teaching staff consisting of Pierre Vladimirov, Anatole Obukhov, Muriel Stuart—long a member of the Pavlova Company—and Kyra Blanc, began the work of training young American dance aspirants who would provide the human material for a permanent company, with which it was intended to present ballets resulting from the collaboration of the most distinguished American composers, designers, and writers—and, later, American choreographers.


By the characterization of social life between Hui and Han before the war broke out,the paper performed a process of conflicts gathered in force until intensified. Research shows,the conflicts between Hui and Han mainly focus on the following aspects: land,religious culture,business interests,everyday life trivial etc. Squirearch have play an important part in the settlement of Racial conflicts. The nature of armed conflict is culture clash. In fact,the process of Conflicts and Settlements is a process of organization and Militarization.


Introduction: Nearly 1 in 3 adults aged over 20 in the US presents with hypertension, which can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertensive heart disease, and heart failure. The progressions of each are tied closely to elevated systemic and local inflammation. Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein 9 (CARD9), a cytosolic protein expressed in macrophages and neutrophils, mediates secretion of inflammatory cytokines by these cells, which infiltrate the myocardium after injury and perpetuate a sustained inflammatory response. We recently reported rescued myocardial function by knockout of CARD9 (CARD9 -\- ) in high-fat diet feeding. Macrophage deletion has been reported to ameliorate the progression of TAC-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Combined, these findings suggest that CARD9 may be a valuable target in a TAC model of heart failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that knockout of CARD9 would rescue progression of TAC pressure-overload induced hypertrophy, fibrosis, and failure. Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CARD9 -\- mice were assigned to thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or to sham (CONT). To assess heart function, fractional shortening (FS), was measured by echocardiogram 1, 2, and 3 months post-surgery. Results: FS was compromised in WT-TAC compared to WT-CONT at 1 (35.2 vs. 47.8; p -\- TAC at any time point. At 3 months, mice were sacrificed. Heart weight/tibia length was elevated in WT-TAC compared to WT-CONT (11.7 vs. 6.7; p -\- TAC. Histological results of Masson's trichrome stain suggested hypertrophy in both TAC groups, but revealed less fibrosis in CARD9 -\- TAC than in WT-TAC. Conclusion: CARD9 is a novel target for TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction, at least in part through reductions in fibrosis and hypertrophy. Further study is needed to investigate signaling transduction involved, as well as the extent to which CARD9 -\- may be protective in order to determine if it is a potential target for intervention in hypertensive heart disease.


The paper makes a review of the inspection on the maneuverability of the main alarming devices of unattended machinery space(UMS) with an emphasis of the techniques for the inspection, in the hope of providing reference to the safety control officers in the inspection of engine automation equipments.


Various learning models require that every teaching and learning activity does not make students feel bored. It is necessary to have a tool that is used to support teaching and learning activities that are more interesting. One of the facilities that can be used is multimedia computer technology where students can use interactive multimedia learning software. Multimedia is used as a learning tool which is expected to increase student interest in learning, because it consists of sound and image elements. Applications made are intended for fifth grade elementary school students. This software development uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method. This method consists of 6 (six) stages that must be carried out in the implementation process. Adobe CS is used to create multimedia applications that have been designed.


Introduction: In an age of increasingly face-to-face, blended, and online Health Professions Education, students have more choices of institutions at which to study their degree. For an applicant, oftentimes, the first step is to learn more about a program through its website. Websites allow programs to convey their unique voice and to share their mission and values with others such as applicants, researchers, and academics. Additionally, as the number of health professions education (HPE) programs rapidly grows, websites can share the priorities of these programs.  Methods: In this study, we conducted a website review of 158 HPE websites to explore their geographical distributions, missions, educational concentrations, and various programmatic components. Results: We compiled this information and synthesized pertinent aspects, such as program similarities and differences, or highlighted the omission of critical data. Conclusions: Given that websites are often the first point of contact for prospective applicants, curious collaborators, and potential faculty, the digital image of HPE programs matters. We believe our findings demonstrate opportunities for growth within institutions and assist the field in identifying the priorities of HPE programs. As programs begin to shape their websites with more intentionality, they can reflect their relative divergence/convergence compared to other programs as they see fit and, therefore, attract individuals to best match this identity. Periodic reviews of the breadth of programs, such as those undergone here, are necessary to capture diversifying goals, and serves to help advance the field of HPE as a whole.


Somalia which has been rule by the Ottoman Empire is part of the strategic depth strategy of Turkey initated under AKP ruling party as an instrument of foreign policy tool. The geostrategic location of Somalia has given AKP unique position to benefit from establishing and being engaged in Somalia affair. Turkey under AKP leadership aim to gain a strategic foothold in Africa and Somalia gives best opportunities. In line with all of such efforts and through arranging of various conferences, Turkey objectives are to create the appropriate ground to impose its influence in this African region, and Somalia. On the other hand, through the restoration and management of various straits and ports in this region, Turkey is trying to obtain a geostrategic footing in the control of the movement and corridors of world trade, and next to establish the a military bases, through which to influence and control the changes that are happening in the region and in the future to maintain the course of changes and orientation in accordance with its strategic interests. In this region, Turkey is competing with Middle Eastern and North African countries. Therefore, to address the research central obejctives the research aims to respond the questions as such: to what Turkish military base in Somalia, under soft power mechanism, could influence the latter's security and stability?


A 25-year-old male presented with repeated attacks of cholangitis of six months duration. On examination, the patient was febrile and icteric, abdominal examination revealed a 6 cm firm hepatomegaly. The routine blood investigations were normal except for a raised serum bilirubin (4 mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (940 IU/mL). The patient underwent an ultrasound followed by an MRCP and contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen, (Fig. 1). Serum alpha fetoprotein was 3 ng/mL and CA 19-9 was 3656 U/mL.

Figure 1

MRCP and contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen.

Question
What is the diagnosis?

Figure 2

MRI showing intraductal calculi.

Figure 3

MRCP showing multiple cystic dilations of bilateral intrahepatic ducts with signal voids seen in left duct suggestive of calculi, (white arrows). This is a typical picture of Caroli's disease with bilateral intrahepatic cystic dilatations with ...

Answer
Caroli's disease with hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.


Research has been conducted to study the effect of NaOH concentration, cooking temperature and cooking time on the production of pulp from Rami stalk using soda process. The use of Rami as raw material under study was because availability of wood as raw material for pulp is getting lesser by time, whilst Rami stalk may be a good substitute for it. Large stock of NaOH available in the market is the cause of the use of this chemical for the study. The range of variables studied were : NaOH concentrations at 5-15%, cooking temperatures of 100-120 o C, and cooking time of 60-180 minutes. Analyses of the product was done for percent yield of the pulp produced, concentration of cellulose in the pulp, and lignin content in the pulp. Results show that in the range of values studied, the three variables, NaOH concentration, temperature of cooking and cooking time, did not give any significant effect on the amount of pulp produced and the concentration of cellulose in the pulp, whilst they give proportional effect on the lignin content in the pulp. Best condition with smallest lignin concentration of 6.83%, was found at NaOH concentrations of 5%, cooking temperature of 105 o C,  and cooking time of 60 minutes.


An estimated 55 million Americans will be uninsured by the year 2008 without some governmental intervention, according to a study released by the Health Insurance Association of America. That means that 22% of the nation's nonelderly population will be without health insurance and lacking good access to health care, according to a report by the American …


A six-year-old, male, castrated European shorthair cat was presented due to a lifelong history of sneezing, nasal discharge, open-mouth breathing, stertor and vestibular problems. Clinical examination showed absence of airflow through the nostrils. Computed tomography of the head revealed an infiltrative soft tissue attenuating mass in the left nasal cavity, nasopharynx and the left frontal sinus. All of these locations could be successfully accessed through ventral rhinotomy and the mass was completely removed. Histological examination identified it as an inflammatory polyp. All respiratory and neurological symptoms disappeared, and two-and-a-half years after surgery, the cat was still without complaints.


Doubling farmers' income has emerged as the focal point for all the agricultural policy decision of the government due to increase in number of farmers suicide and low and high fluctuating farmers income. The Doubling farmers income is formulated by bridging the productivity gaps, employing latest production technologies, advanced processing technologies and improved marketing and feasible through effective land use planning, diversified farming systems, wasteland management, conservation agriculture and livestock management, climate resilient agriculture, rainfed agriculture, dry land farming, protected cultivation, modern nursery management techniques for improvement in agricultural productivity, resource use efficiency, increase in cropping intensity and diversification towards high value crops. K e y w o r d s


Culture is the main pillar of the development of nations and a human phenomenon and an important tool of human communication with the environment, and development is a multifaceted process in which economic, social, political, and human development are discussed in the literature. In this study, the topic of cultural development and the obstacles to cultural development in the city of Erbil are discussed as the main issues of this research. The political system and way of governing society is also an important and key element of cultural development. The political system of a research society that directs public policy; Under the wave of influence and family interference and kinship and political affiliation, party interference in government affairs and decisions behaves as an unhealthy phenomenon. The marginalization and weakening of the role of civil society organizations is one of the challenges that has hampered the process of developing cultural-national policy.
Research has shown that development is a comprehensive and multifaceted phenomenon, and culture is one of the topics that directly affects the growth and development of society. Preventing the development of culture means preventing change and social progress. The government, as a political institution and the promoter of cultural policy and the impetus for national projects, is under the domination of party power and interests, the party intimacy is above the national intimacy. In this study, obstacles to the process of cultural development in the city of Erbil were identified by the method of anthropology with the direct participation of researchers in the field of research.


The purpose of this study is to examine the historical course of legislations on management of public records, analyse the transition process of records management systems on the basis of the life cycle of records, and eventually provide an effective measure reflecting the environment of public records management in Korea. It is significant that this study may provide better understanding of records management systems in Korea through the analysis of legislations with relation to public records management.


Significant Trends in Cancer Research STANLEY P. REIMANN, M.D., Philadelphia Medicine is applied biology. Medical problems, therefore, are fundamentally biologic problems. This includes cancer, which was recognized as belonging in this sphere many years ago by a few pathologists but, curiously enough, remained with little attention on the part of biologists themselves until quite recently. Until comparatively recently, cancer was studied mostly in its gross pathologic-anatomic aspects. Better microscopes made possible enunciation of the cell doctrine, whereupon cancer was placed in its true category of being a cellular growth and maldevelopment. Even so, few biologists, in whose fields the problems of cellular growth and development are paramount, recognized the relationship to a sufficient degree to work on it. Virchow's dictum that all cells come from preexisting cells led to a persistent search for cellular beginnings, and the literature teems with demonstrations which often were anything but conclusive as to the exact cellular origin of the various types of cancer. A serious difficulty faced by pathologists in this type of work is lack of sufficient knowledge of the growth and development of normal cells for comparison. The pathologist studies a tumor as of the instant when it is removed and fixed and from this point tries to figure out what happened when the tumor arose and how it progressed while it was still in the patient. The hazards need no emphasis. To prophesy the future of a given tumor on the basis of what it looks like at one fleeting instant of its life is to assume wishfully that all the variables but one are controlled. Most pathologists now realize this. In the last analysis, prognosis as to the fate of a patient with cancer depends not on the type of cancer, its cellular details, behavior of the cancer cells or the name given to it but on whether or not, in its treatment, every last cancer cell has been removed or destroyed. Some surgeons and/or radiologists still refuse to be radical in the presence of a small cancer or of one said to be of low malignancy. A good maxim is "faint heart never cured cancer patient." Of what use otherwise is the propaganda "come early"? The need and value of comparing malignant growth with the corresponding normal has been generally admitted only since the end of the first world war. In fact, it is now emphasized that the use of biologic technics offers a most fruitful approach to cancer.... The crucial problems in the biologic approach are the differentiation and organization phases of cellular growth. Cancer cells, while differentiating even to high degrees at times, nevertheless show qualitative anatomic differences from corresponding normal cells. Translate this fact from static to dynamic terms. How does the cancer cell get that way? And translate again from this language to chemical and physical terms. Devise methods of quantitative estimation of degrees of differentiation. How far can a cell normal or cancerous differentiate until it can no longer divide? What potencies remain in cells after some of their original complement has been expressed? What environmental chemical factors govern potencies and with what intracellular substances do they react to form what new substances? What are the qualitative changes when a cancer cell or cells originate? What are the enzyme patterns catalyzing these reactions both in the normal and in that "new" cell that is cancerous; in that cell which has undergone "somatic mutation"; in that cell which is no longer quantitatively different but qualitatively? A similar set of questions is constructed for the organization problem. Cancer cells do not organize into organs and parts as do normal cells. Here the separated problems of blood supply, nerve supply, organizer substances (Spemann), hormones, function (Wilhelm Roux) enter the picture. The applications of these problems are not only in such general questions as causation but also in details such as origin, cellular patterns, diagnosis and even nomenclature, which should be changed from the weird and confusing words now used to a more logical and accurate language. For example, instead of saying that a squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous cells, it should be stated that a squamous cell carcinoma arises from but partially differentiated cells and they differentiate out into squamous-like cells. Another part of the biologic approach which has helped stimulate biologists but also has medical interest is the recognition that cancer is not confined to human beings but has been found in most multicellular organisms. In addition to the spontaneous tumors studied in horses, dogs, fish, turtles, frogs and mice, botanists have shown that much can be learned from plant tumors. As one clinician said, "At least I can tell patients and their relatives that the fundamental cause of their cancer is not too much worry, or eating food cooked in certain pots, or sleeping with their beds east and west, because fish do not eat tinned food, nor do geraniums worry, and yet they too get cancer."...


The embodiment of the invention discloses an intelligent electric heating oil and gas gathering system. The intelligent electric heating oil and gas gathering system comprises a heat preservation pipe, an electric heating belt, a laser transmitter, a regulation and control device and a man-machine interaction platform; and optical fibers and a heating core wire which are stranded are arranged in the electric heating belt, the laser transmitter is used for transmitting incidence lasers to the interiors of the optical fibers, and the regulation and control device is used for obtaining scattering laser signals of the optical fibers. On the basis of the distribution type optical fiber temperature measurement principle, temperature information and position information which are matched with the scattering laser signals are obtained through calculation according to the scattering laser signals and laser signals, and the temperature information and the position information are transmitted to the man-machine interaction platform to be displayed; a user can judge whether the electric heating oil and gas gathering system has faults or not through the temperature information; and when the electric heating oil and gas gathering system has the faults, the position of a pipe which has the fault is positioned through the position information, and therefore the aim of treating the fault in time is achieved.


The digestion sludge discharged from methane fermentation can be utilized as compost. However, in the present study, we examined the carbonization of the digestion sludge as an effective usage uses because there is a limit in the demand for compost. The char was manufactured from the digestion sludge of the methane fermentation. We compared it with three kinds of commercial activated carbons for hydrogen sulfide removal, for neutral gas adsorption, and for acidic gas adsorption. In particular, we intend to evaluate the digestion sludge char based on the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulphide in the bio-gas generated from the methane fermentation. We investigated physical properties of the char samples in terms of the specific surface area, the pore volume, and the ash content ratio. We conducted the batch adsorption of the hydrogen sulfide on the char samples. As a result, we found that the specific surface area and the pore volume of the char from digestion sludge were much smaller than those of the commercial activated carbons. We also found that a large amount of ashes were contained in the char from the digestion sludge. As for the ash contents, K and Ca were the main components. It was shown that the hydrogen sulfide removal performance of the char from digestion sludge was comparable to that of commercial activated carbons. Therefore, the ash contained influences more the removal behaviour of the hydrogen sulfide than the specific surface area or the pore volume.


Because of the difference of position and stand,the difference looking closely at history from angle.At the beginning of20century,Mao Ze-dong and Jiang Jie-shi researched and thought about Peasants War,they contact with background of that time 's,and drawed a utterly different conclusion.Mao Ze-dong standed peasants'stautes,confirmed history effect of Peasants War and found some expriences and morals of China's Revolution form failure.However Jiang Jie-shi standed Ming Emperor's stautes,reproved Peasant 's War,they knew the Japainese Imperialism aggressed China's Time form Ming Eperor's,and drawed a"Resisting foreign aggression must settling domestic"conclusion.


The invention provides an energy consumption simulation tool of a wireless sensor network and a simulation method thereof, belonging to the field of the wireless sensor network, aiming to solve the problem that the conventional wireless sensor network cannot accurately respond the energy consumption condition of a sensor node. The energy consumption simulation tool of the wireless sensor network comprises a simulation platform module, a sensing service module, a wireless channel module and a node energy consumption module. The network energy consumption simulation method based on the simulation tool comprises the following steps: an initializing process: setting a radio propagation condition on the simulation platform module, and selecting a corresponding wireless channel model on the wireless channel module; setting sensing services on the simulation platform module, and establishing a sensing service model; setting node working energy consumption information by the node energy consumption module; and a simulation process: starting the simulation process by the simulation platform module, operating the sensing service model by the sensing service module, sending the sensing service information to the node energy consumption module to simulate a node to execute service energy consumption, and counting node energy consumption by the simulation platform module so as to obtain energy consumption of the wireless network. The energy consumption simulation tool of the wireless sensor network and the simulation method thereof are used for the wireless sensor network.


Congress has been stunned by the speed of change in the electric power industry since the enactment of the 1992 Energy Policy Act (EPAct), and the electric utility industry is well on the road toward the development of competitive bulk power markets that will more efficiently and effectively serve the needs of the nation`s electric customers. Former Congressman Phil Sharp indicated to EEI, ``Congress did not anticipate the speed at which change would occur or be accepted.`` Edison Electric Institute`s (EEI) position is that the goal of the industry should be efficient competition. This is competition on a level playing field without public power subsidies, the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA) or the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) obligations. It means competition at the marginal cost of delivering electric energy.


Presentation of Case A forty-seven-year-old nurse was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the abdomen. Six days previously she was awakened in the morning by pain in the left upper quadrant...


PURPOSE: A filler for a lining material, the lining material including the same, and a lining conduit repairing technique using the same are provided to improve the adhesion, the compressive intensity, and the fluidity of the filler and to shorten a time required for an initial hardening process. CONSTITUTION: A filler for a lining material includes 47-72 weight% of cement, 20-50 weight% of silica, 1-3 weight% of CSA, 0.7-1.7 weight% of metakaolin, 0.1-1.5 weight% of naphthalene, 0.1-0.6 weight% of polyacryl amide, 0.3-1.5 weight% of sodium silicate, and 0.1-1.4 weight% of alkali metal silicate. The cement is composed of high early strength Portland cement and alumina cement. The weight ratio of the high early strength Portland cement and the alumina cement is 34 to 29:13 to 23.


Abstract Octasubstituted phthalocyanine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. The mesophases were studied by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray diffraction. For the 2-ethyl-hexyloxy-derivative, three transitions are observed at 170°C, 223°C and 270°C. In the latter temperature range, X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of a nematic phase which shows homeotropic orientation on untreated surfaces of a glass slide.


Dear Editor, Cold-blooded animals can harbor a wide variety of Salmonella serotypes in their intestine (2, 10). In chelonians some species of Salmonella are considered part of the intestinal flora of their hosts, without developing any clinical sign. However, in animals with compromised immune system, salmonellosis (zoonosis) can happen, causing important clinical disease (1, 5, 9). Pet turtles are frequently reported as responsible for salmonellosis in humans (11, 13). Salmonella species has also been detected in free-living turtles (5). [...]


We show by pump-probe spectroscopy that the optical response of a fishnet metamaterial can be modulated on the femtosecond time scale. The modulation dynamics is dominated by pump-induced changes in the constituting dielectric medium, but the strength of modulation is dramatically enhanced through the plasmon resonance. The pump-induced spectral responses of the metamaterial provide understanding on how the resonance is modified by pump excitation. Our study suggests that metamaterials can be used as high-speed amplitude/phase modulators with terahertz-bandwidth. Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens, " " Modulation of negative index metamaterials in the near-IR range, " Appl. A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator, " Nat. Near-infrared double negative metamaterials, " Opt. Optical metamaterials at near and mid-IR range fabricated by nanoimprint lithography, " Appl. Geometrical dependence of optical negative index meta-materials at 1.55 mu, " Appl. " Negative refractive index in optics of metal-dielectric composites, " J. Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients, " Phys.