Protection of "critical infrastructure" has become a major issue for govern-
ments worldwide. Yet in Australia, as in many other countries, including the
United States, an estimated 90% of critical infrastructure is privately owned or
operated commercially – in other words, critical infrastructure protection is not
the exclusive domain of government. As a result, information sharing
between government and the private sector has become a vitally important
component of effective risk management. However, establishing effective
arrangements of this kind between the public and private sector needs to take
account of existing regimes of access and public disclosure which relate to
government-held documents; in particular, that which is established by
freedom of information (FOI) legislation. This article examines the extent to
which the current Commonwealth FOI regime is likely to act as an
impediment to the private sector operators of critical infrastructure participat-
ing in government-operated information sharing arrangements. By examining
developments in other jurisdictions, principally the United States, the article
considers whether amendments to the current Australian FOI regime are
necessary to ensure effective participation, consistent with the underlying
object and purpose of FOI.


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The invention provides an image obtaining method and device. The method comprises the following steps: before previewing an image obtained by a terminal camera in full screen, obtaining first resolution of a terminal display screen and second resolution of the terminal camera; comparing the first resolution and the second resolution; and when the first resolution is inconsistent with the second resolution, obtaining an image consistent with the second resolution. Through the image obtaining method and device, the problem that when mobile phone screen size ratio is inconsistent with the resolution of the mobile phone camera, the upper edge and the lower edge of a mobile phone preview interface cannot display images in the prior art is solved, thereby improving user experience.


Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of braided streams between straight confining walls are studied by means of flume experiments and numerical simulations. Results are summarized as follows.(1) The number of streams produced in a straight channel depends on the width-depth ratio; the number of streams increases with the width-depth ratio.(2) The geometry of streams shows self-similar characteristics which suggests the possibility that the streams promote restoration of natural riverine ecosystem.(3) Small-scale bed geometry significantly affects the formation of large-scale bed geometry. In addition, stabilization mechanism of bars is discussed focusing on unsteadiness of flow and growth of vegetation. The results suggest that decrease of maximum water discharge promotes bar stabilization.


Sea ice surveys are conducted along the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido, Japan using a bottommounted IPS and ADCP. This paper reports on the analysis of a 180km long "ice draft profile" or "underside profile" of deformed pack ice moving past the mooring site in 2001 . The underside profile was not flat and had very large undulations, and the maximum draft during the observation period was 3.6 m. Although the underside profile as a wave profile has non-stationary characteristics as results of Discrete Wavelet Analysis and application of Locally Stationary AR Model, the normalized power spectrums of the profile in locally stationary span were roughly the same and the mean wavelength was approximately 62 m. In addition, simulation methods for deformed sea ice draft depth and plane unevenness of sea ice bottom using the power spectrum from one-point measurement data as in this measurement are also discussed.


The invention discloses a system and method for automatic load balancing of cluster storage. Based on an event driving mechanism, the method is used for realizing cluster storage data distribution and capacity load balancing and has the characteristics of full automation, intelligentization, online execution and concurrent execution; due to the characteristic of the automation of load balancing, the manual intervention is greatly reduced and the complexity of system management is reduced, and the elastic demand of dynamic extension for a cluster storage system is satisfied; due to the characteristic of online execution, the cluster storage system is enabled to keep the continuity of a business; due to the characteristic of intelligentization, the current work load of the system is taken into full account, and the execution process of load balancing is scheduled so that the influence of load balancing operation to a normal business at the front end is reduced to the maximum extent; and due to the characteristic of concurrency, the system resource of a cluster is utilized to the maximum extent so that high-performance load balancing is realized and the execution time is efficiently shortened. By using the method, the load balancing of cluster storage becomes simpler as well as more efficient and transparent, and high performance, high Qos (Quality of Service) and elastic expansion of the cluster storage system are ensured.


An estimation problem over discrete-continuous observations is considered for an impulse component. A filtering procedure is suggested to design filtering equations over discrete-continuous observations (DCO) proceeding from the known filtering equations over continuous ones. This paper aims to obtain filtering equations over DCO with a vector impulse component. The ellipsoidal guaranteed estimation problem is selected as an example that illustrates the difference between filtering equations in scalar and vector distribution. Indeed, the obtained ellipsoidal estimation equations contain discontinuous regular functions in righthand sides. To define a solution uniquely and therefore to use a filtering procedure is possible if a transfer function in an observation equation is a symmetric matrix one. Then a right-hand side of each filtering equation satisfies the one-side solvability condition which is equivalent to the one-side Frobenius condition ensuring uniqueness. A vibrosolution, defined as a unique limit, to a system of ellipsoidal filtering equations is thus to be a pair of ellipsoid parameters optimal in the given sense. In case of scalar distribution the one-side solvability condition is always satisfied.<<ETX>>


Photovoltaic module comprises a substrate (3, 4) disposed between and conductor plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series by connecting the (5) (2). Module external connector pin (13) comprises a block (15) of bonded insulating material at one end of the module. External connector for the pin (13) is connected to at least one conductor being electrically connected to one end in the arranged batteries coupled connection conductors of the module (5) (11). A connector (11), the contact between the connection conductors coupled to a battery to be arranged at the end of the module (5) is the pressure generated by the deformation, the free end or the corresponding connecting conductor (5) can be realized in the inner end portion of the connector (11) to be.


The present invention provides a system and method for exchanging control data using multiple slot formats. In one embodiment, the method implemented in a wireless communication system, comprising: providing at least two different slot formats, according to the control data slots of at least two different slot formats formatting control frame via the control channel frame transmitted from the base station to the mobile station, receiving the control frame, extracting data rate information from the control frame according to at least two different slot formats, decode the extracted control data, analyzing the extracted data into separate decoding control data and data rate information of the data channels using the decoded data received via one or more channels. In one embodiment, the method for causing to transmit two different data channels corresponding to the additional TFCI data on a single control channel.


Abstract The extent and spatial pattern of song-type sharing among neighboring males in one subspecies of Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia cooperi, were examined in two San Diego County populations. Repertoire size averaged 9.6 song types per male (range 7 to 14). Song-type sharing was greatest between neighbors and declined with distance between territories. Adjacent neighbors shared an average of 22% of their song types. Variation in the amount of sharing between adjacent territory owners was high, ranging from 0% to 86% repertoire overlap. Results are consistent with the expected pattern produced by age-restricted learners that attempt to establish territories near tutors. The probability of a male surviving and remaining on his territory through the breeding and nonbreeding season increased as the fraction of song types shared with adjacent neighbors increased. The amount of song-type sharing may therefore be an indicator of a male's competitive ability to obtain a preferred territory near his tutors, or it may determine a male's effectiveness in using shared and unshared song types to communicate aggressive intentions.


SARS ( severe acute respiratory syndrome) is a severe problem for people all over the world, and it is extremely urgent to control the spread of SARS. The purpose of this work is to evaluate and find effective catalyst(s), which can adsorb, decompose and inactivate viruses. In this study, nucleic acid and the parainfluenza virus, which is very similar to SARS, were selected as the probe and model object. Among the 93 newly synthesized catalysts evaluated using capillary electrophoretic and biochemical methods, two of them were found to be highly effective for killing the virus and will be useful for protection against the SARS infection.


The backround of this research is  by the growth rate of cafes in the city of Medan which is quite rapid, thus increasing the rivalry between cafes, where each cafe tries to prepare the best strategy to make loyal customers and want to visit again. The method of this research is quantitative to get data and the information that will be use as the analysis language. The sample of this research is 60 peoples. The data collection technique is us the distribution of questionnaires to customers in "A Two Coffe Medan". The aims of the research is (1) To determine the effect of location on customer loyalty in "A Dua Coffe Medan",  (2) To determine the effect of competitive advantage on customer loyalty in "A Dua Coffe Medan",  (3) To determine the effect of location and competitive advantage on customer loyalty in "A Dua Coffe Medan". The results of this research will show that: tcount > ttable  3,353 > 1,672 with significant a (0.001 < 0,05), (2) there is the effect of competitive advantage on customer loyalty with value : : tcount > ttable   2,074 > 1,672  with significant a (0.000 < 0,05), (3) there is the effect of  location and competitive advantage on customer loyalty with value : : fcount > ftable  (53,508 > 3,16) with significant a (0.000 < 0,05).


For this special issue of Australian Social Work, I comment on higher education and research, and ways in which the social work academy and the profession might be able to address the marginalisati...


W HEN the Reverend Cotton Mather praised those Christian heroes who first rescued Massachusetts Bay from the heathen, his enthusiasm usually satisfied all the demands of local patriotism. But when he came to John Winthrop, even his powers proved inadequate. The best he could do was to compare the first governor of Massachusetts with the most famous figures of antiquity. Greece might boast the greatness of Lycurgus and Rome that of Numa, but who were they beside New England's Winthrop! He had all their virtues and none of their vices-none of the "crim-


Long term financing to infrastructure and mobilization of private long term capital has been recognized as a key agenda in advancing the global economic development. There are several barriers in infrastructure financing and big gaps between expectation and reality. A highly pronounced barrier is the lacking of capacity of investors to price risks in a structured manner. This paper has discussed component-based infrastructure valuation analysis and modeling blocks. The component-based valuation mechanism is very useful for issuers and investors to categorize, analyze and price specific risks transparently and can provide a basis for structuring the risks on an ex-ante basis so as to make project investments suitable for investors of different risk preference.


Identity is not a fact of the world. It is materialized in and through communication practices that constitute the social world of everyday meaning. This is the argument put forth in this volume. These studies examine how, when and with what consequence identity is represented and becomes contextually relevant. It is in these senses that identity "matters" across a variety of naturally occurring everyday settings and problem situations. The book contributes to contemporary interest in identity and communication-based explanation within everyday and professional practices and methods of inquiry for naturalist study that integrate qualitative and quantitative approaches to analysis and interpretation.


Public Comment Note: This is an opportunity for the public to address the Council. Three-minutes limit per person or five-minutes if representing the official position of a recognized community organization. City Council meetings are wheelchair accessible. American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation is available upon request. Please phone (425) 295-0500 at least 48 hours in advance. Assisted Listening Devices are also available upon request.


The use of chemical fertilizers by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is usually estimated to be low and organic inputs have been advocated as an alternative technology for the alleviation of soil fertility constraints. However, no quantitative data are yet available to substantiate these assumptions in the derived savanna (DS) of West Africa. A farm survey was carried out with 232 farmers carefully selected in three villages located in the ecoregional benchmark area of the DS in the Republic of Benin. The main objective was to determine the current availability and use of organic and inorganic inputs by farmers as a perequisite for the design of balanced nutrient management systems. A secondary objective was to propose a typology of farmer that could participate in the development of balanced nutrients technologies. About 60% of the farmers investigated still practiced fallow but differences existed between villages. The average length of fallow was only 1 year for leguminous crops, 4 years for leguminous trees, and 9 years for fallow with palm trees. On average, 46% of all the farmers used inorganic fertilizers but this varied between 3% and 98% of farmers in the three survey villages. The quantities applied were limited; on average, the application of inorganic N amounted to 24 kg N ha-1 only. About 41% of farmers were found to apply less than 30 kg N ha-1, 16% between 30 and 60 kg N ha-1, 43% applied more than 60 kg N ha-1. The rates varied with the planted crop. For the commonly used, one third urea was combined to two thirds NPK. Then, for this combination of chemical fertilizer, 180 kg ha-1 were applied to cotton, 107 kg ha-1 to tomatoes, and only 76 kg ha-1 to maize, the main food crop of the study area. The use of organic inputs was still at a very early stage. About 9% of farmers apply only organic inputs to the fields while 18% combine them with inorganic fertilizer. Only 4.4% of the fields received organic fertilizer applications. Information on the quantity of organic inputs was not collected. However, most of the crop residues are either burnt (33% of respondents for maize) or thrown away (17% for maize). The use of chemical fertilizers (and organic inputs) was remedy nitrogen deficiency that is considered the most limiting soil nutrient in the maize-based systems of the DS. On the basis of thelimited quantity of N applied to the crops, farmers were classified into two a-priori groups using a threshold of 30 kg N ha-1, and multiple quantitative variables were fitted in a discriminant analysis to validate the typology. About 82% of farmers were well classified into two groups that had the characteristics of the a-priori groups. There were two other groups (18%) that were atypical. The two groups with 82% of well-classified individuals were suitable for the selection of farmers to conduct applied research or for the development of activities because they represent the general pattern in the supply and use of soil nutrients in the study area. Although basic research can be done with the four farmer groups, the two atypical groups were most suited for process-level studies to improve the understanding of factors that lead to improvements in the efficiency of a cropping system.


The political culture, according to scholar Kavanagh is part of the overall societal culture, and represents a set of basic values, emotions, knowledge, attitudes and convictions, within which the political system operates, shaping and feeding political processes. Culture came as a sequence to efforts to factor the spiritual world of people in explicating policy. Political culture brings to surface some kind of independence of culture from economic factors, and the role of culture in political order and economic development. This paper provides the theoretical aspects of political culture and political systems, within which its reflection is analysed on several aspects of interethnic relations in a democracy. Also, it accentuates the preferred paths of Western Balkan countries, including Macedonia, towards integration with the European Union, which is spiked with many challenges. In the political culture of multi-ethnic societies, ethnic divisions may have an influence. The ethnic principles are still present in the political arena of Macedonia, where although there is some "interethnic reconciliation", the failure in implementing the Ohrid Framework Agreement, signed in 2001, between Albanians and Macedonians, there are often political contractions, affecting national interests, which is in contradiction to all values of the European Union, mainly with human rights, but also ethnic rights. The object of the analysis of this paper is specifically related to: extended transition of Macedonia, political consensus, role of political parties, and interethnic relations after the Ohrid Framework Agreement. Political culture in South-Eastern European countries has been analysed in different views, especially in the reform process, where it has an important role. Conclusions of this paper are that Macedonia must fulfil the conditions set forth, both political and institutional, based on the political culture for EU integration, since political culture, according to scholar L. Pye represents a "set of basic values, emotions and knowledge shaping and feeding political processes".


Two kinds of models were derived that predicted spectral reflectance factor of colors formed using an ink-jet printer. One was the spectral Murray-Davies-Yule-Nielsen model in which n-value was assumed to vary as a function of wavelength. The other was based on the Omatsu model in which the path length of light scattering was assumed to vary as a function of wavelength. Model parameters were optimized using a test target of 57 samples consisting of cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, and black colors varying between white and the maximum ink amount. Average accuracy of an independent data set sampling the printer's color gamut was 4.2 and 3.9 ΔE ab , for the Murray-Davies-Yule-Nielsen and the Omatsu models, respectively. The difference in performance was not significant. The Yule-Nielsen model was selected to build device profiles because of its simplicity in comparison to the Omatsu model. A desktop scanner was colorimetrically characterized using a multiple-linear-regression model to build a concatenated device profile in which digital counts of a scanned photographic reflection print were the input and those of the printer were the output. Because the printer model was analytically noninvertable, the Newton-Raphson and the Simplex iterative methods were evaluated as candidate optimization methods to build 33 x 33 x 33 color look-up tables. These tables were evaluated by comparing a photographic reflection IT8.7/2 target with its printed reproduction. The Simplex method yielded superior results, particularly for colors near the edge or outside of the printer's color gamut. The average Δ E * ab error from a profile based on the Simplex method was 5.9 including colors outside of the printer's color gamut.


The invention provides a channel aligning de-skew device and method. The device comprises at least two channels, data storage units corresponding to the channels, a setting unit and a channel offset calibration unit; each channel receives a data message, and sends effective data in the data message to the corresponding data storage unit; the setting unit sets the buffering depth of the data storage units; each data storage unit receives and caches the effective data from the corresponding channel according to the buffering depth, reads the cached effective data according to a reading pointer, and sends the read effective data; and the channel offset calibration unit accumulates the maximal time difference of the enabling rising edge of the effective data in the channels, determines whether the maximal time difference is lower than or equivalent to the buffering depth, and if yes, determines a reference channel and determines the reading pointers of the data storage unit corresponding to the channels. According to technical schemes of the invention, the transmission efficiency of effective data messages can be improved effectively.


A digital transmit system by using DTMF transceiver MT8880C is discussed in detail.The hardware interface between 89C52 and MT8880C is given. The article contains a complete C51 program for the implementing. The system is used in the wireless telephone channel successfully.


The Kidney Wales Foundation, established in 1967, believes the measures set out in the Human Transplantation (Wales) Bill ( "the Bill") are a progressive proposed change in the law and will be a key component of change in organ donation in the UK. We are supportive of the Bill and provide support of the implementation of the Bill in this evidence to the Health & Social Care Committee of the National Assembly for Wales.


Background: Various strategies have been made to make vaccines universally available including to most hard-to-reach and vulnerable population. However, change in coverage level never reached upto expected level in spite of giving so much effort by the Govt. of India and World bodies. Therefore, there is the need to look beyond. Hence, the process evaluation of Universal Immunization Program (UIP) was conducted to evaluate the process of UIP using selected variables. Methods: A cross-sectional observation was done during the period from May 2017 to April 2020 among the 14 health-care facilities and 36 selected session sites, and interview was done to 48 health-care providers working at different levels, located in Imphal East district of Manipur. Both checklist and pretested semi-structured questioners were used for collection of data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, proportion, and percentage were used. Results: Ice-lined refrigerator and Deep-freezer were found to be present in working condition in 11 (100%) centers. The use of vaccine carrier was found in all 36 (100%) centers. Way of vaccine administration was found to be correct in 26 (72.2%) centers. Availability of up-to-date microplan was found in 18 (78.3%) centers. Conclusions: Barriers in the UIP were not uniform throughout the villages and districts. Hence, area-specific measures need to be taken up for overcoming the barriers and challenges.


The paper deals with harmonic functions on cones of model manifolds. ?? is called a cone of model manifold, if ?? = ?? ? ??, where ?? is a non-empty precompact set and ?? is isometric to the product [??0,+?) Ч ? (??0 > 0, ? is a compact Riemannian manifold with non-empty smooth boundary) with the metric ????2 = ????2 + ??2(??)????2. Here ??(??) is a positive smooth on [??0,+?) function, and ???? is a metric on ?. Note if ? is a compact Riemannian manifold with no boundary, we have just a definition of model manifold. Let's ??0(??) = {?? : ??? = 0, ??|???? = 0}, and ?? = ?? ? ??0 ??1???(??)(??? ?? ??0 ?????3(??)????)?????, where ??0 = const > 0, ?? = dim??. The main results of the paper are following. Theorem 1. Let's manifold ?? has ?? = ?. Then any bounded function ?? ? ??0(??) is equal to zero identically. Theorem 2. Let's manifold ?? has ?? = ?. Then for cone of positive harmonic functions from class ??0(??) the dimension is equal to 1.


Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. However, previous research has shown that surgical specialities poorly report RCTs, making it difficult to ascertain if various biases have been appropriately minimised. This systematic review assesses the reporting quality of surgical head and neck cancer RCTs.

 A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Papers were included if they reported RCTs which assessed a surgical technique used to treat or diagnose head and neck cancer published during or after 2011. Therefore, the CONSORT 2010 checklist was used to evaluate the reporting quality of these trials.

 41 papers were included. The mean CONSORT score was 16.5/25 (66% adherence) and the scores ranged from 7.5 (30%) to 25. The most common omissions were full trial protocol (found in 14.6%), participant recruitment method (22%) and effect size with precision estimate for all outcome measures (29.3%). The full design and implementation of the randomisation method was reported in 6 (14.6%). Papers published in journals which endorsed CONSORT had significantly higher scores (p = 0.02) and journal impact factor was significantly correlated with CONSORT score (p = 0.01).

 We have identified several pieces of information that are underreported in surgical head and neck cancer RCTs. These omissions make understanding and comparing the methodologies and conclusions of RCTs more difficult. The endorsement of CONSORT by journals improved adherence, suggesting that wider adoption of the checklist may improve reporting.


Background: The objective of this study is to assess the association of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in premenopausal females with and without cardiovascular disease.Methods: A case control study was conducted in premenopausal, menopausal and normal fertile females (n=30) with and without cardiovascular disease in a tertiary care hospital and research centre in central India. Fasting sample obtained was assessed for AMH and Hcy levels. Results were compared and data was analyzed.Results: The levels of AMH and Hcy were significantly altered in premenopausal and menopausal females as compared to normal fertile females. Moreover, there was a weak correlation when intergroup comparison was made between the parameters in females with and without cardiovascular disease.Conclusions: A prospective study with a larger sample size to assess levels of AMH need to be performed to provide insight in premenopausal females for the early detection cardiovascular disease.


Load balancing is often used to ensure that nodes in a distributed systems are equally loaded. In this paper, we show that for real-time systems, load balancing is not desirable. In particular, we propose a new load-pro ling strategy that allows the nodes of a distributed system to be unequally loaded. Using load pro ling, the system attempts to distribute the load amongst its nodes so as to maximize the chances of nding a node that would satisfy the computational needs of incoming real-time tasks. To that end, we describe and evaluate a distributed load-pro ling protocol for dynamically scheduling time-constrained tasks in a loosely-coupled distributed environment. When a task is submitted to a node, the scheduling software tries to schedule the task locally so as to meet its deadline. If that is not feasible, it tries to locate another node where this could be done with a high probability of success, while attempting to maintain an overall load pro le for the system. Nodes in the system inform each other about their state using a combination of multicasting and gossiping. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated via simulation, and is contrasted to other dynamic scheduling protocols for real-time distributed systems. Based on our ndings, we argue that keeping a diverse availability pro le and using passive bidding (through gossiping) are both advantageous to distributed scheduling for real-time systems.


Implementation theory tackles the following problem: given a social choice correspondence, find a decentralized mechanism such that for every constellation of the individuals' preferences, the set of outcomes in equilibrium is exactly the set of socially optimal alternatives (as specified by the correspondence). In this paper we are concerned with implementation by mediated equilibrium; under such an equilibrium, a mediator coordinates the players' strategies in a way that discourages deviation. Our main result is a complete characterization of social choice correspondences which are implementable by mediated strong equilibrium. This characterization, in addition to being strikingly concise, implies that some important social choice correspondences which are not implementable by strong equilibrium are in fact implementable by mediated strong equilibrium.


In this paper we discuss the issues and practices involving experimental research. Examples are given to illustrate and highlight the issues and problems conducting experimental research. The focus is on experimental practices within the eld of cache design and analysis which has a long and established history of empirical experimental research. Many of the issues stress the diiculties regarding peer validation and experimental methodology. It is clear that peer validation is diicult due to wide variations in experimental methodology and lack of common experimental models. We suggest the adoption of methods which assist the experimentation process and detail the establishment of a central repository to store and distribute information, tools and models. We expect this resource to encourage the exploration of experimental research, reduce the level of the duplication of eeort and improve opportunities for the validation of methodology and results.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine the potential for S-LEC™ Solar Control Film L, a heat insulating interlayer film for laminated glass developed by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., to reduce the burning sensation caused by near infrared (NIR) radiation.

METHODS
A crossover study was performed in 49 male and female subjects, using three different combinations of laminated glass with interlayer films. Subjects placed their right hand under each glass in an NIR irradiation device. The dorsal side of the right hand was irradiated with NIR for 30 s and the onset and degree of a burning sensation was measured.

RESULTS
Laminated glass with S-LEC™ Solar Control Film L reduced the burning sensation caused by NIR and delayed the onset of the sensation, compared with the control glasses.

CONCLUSION
The use of S-LEC™ Solar Control Film L in the laminated glass of vehicles may improve passenger comfort and prevent skin disorders such as photoaging caused by prolonged exposure to NIR.


While language workbenches---tools to define software languages together with their IDEs---are yet to become ubiquitous in industry, a noticeable amount of domain modeling is still done using word processors and spreadsheet calculators. We suggest an approach to use a word processor to define (modeling) languages in example-driven way: a language is defined by giving examples of code written in it, which are then annotated to specify abstract syntax, formatting rules, dynamic semantics, and so on. Such a definition can be used to validate similar documents and to generate an API for processing models, or it can serve as a front-end and later be transformed to an (equivalent) definition in a language workbench. We discuss how a similar approach for language definition can be implemented in a form of a language workbench.


We compute Coulomb energies for positive-parity levels in the mirror nuclei ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$. The dependence on the configuration and binding energy is explicitly taken into account, using wave functions containing two-particle\char21{} and four-particle\char21{}two-hole components. Predictions are made for ${2}_{3}^{+},$ ${3}_{1}^{+},$ and ${4}_{2}^{+}$ states.


This paper derives the closed form 3-D analytical torque equations for an ideal radial Halbach rotor magnetic coupling. The performance of the radial Halbach coupling is then compared with an ideal axial Halbach rotor coupling. The closed form equations and comparison gives insight into the upper torque density limits of Nd-Fe-B based magnetic devices.


Thanks to Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) developed by the IEEE 802.1 TSN Task Group, best-effort streams and time-sensitive streams can be transmitted in the same network. Generally, the real-time performance of time-sensitive streams is guaranteed by strict constraints, especially in IEEE 802.1Qbv networks, where time-sensitive streams are transmitted according to pre-designed scheduling tables. This brings better real-time performance but also makes the system more vulnerable. When there is huge clock synchronization error or packet loss due to environment or equipment failure, streams are likely not to be transmitted as scheduled, resulting in increased latency and jitter. In this article, we propose a MAC-based stream-aware mechanism for the switch supporting Qbv functionality to reduce the jitter in case of packet loss. The results indicate that the jitter of streams can be improved to almost zero with this stream-aware mechanism.


"Easy taking and Easy giving up the minimum living standard assistance" and "Dynamic management" are the basic conditions for the continued operation of minimum living standard security system for urban residents.However,it has been challenged severely by the situation of "Easy taking the minimum living standard assistance,but difficult giving it up".This paper explores the causes for the situation of "Easy taking the minimum living standard assistance,but difficult giving it up" and points out that the employment policy doesn't go with the minimum living standard assistance policy.The paper also suggests the countermeasure of having equal rights and duties in the minimum living standard assistance.


The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is the backbone of electronics and a large number of consumer devices. The challenge to put more function in a smaller space requires more components utilizing smaller bond pads, smaller lines and tighter pitch. The electronic packaging industry has aggressively pursued novel ways to shrink and stack multilayer boards inside smaller volumes. Industry is approaching serious obstacles in the continued size reduction requirements with the need for wires, epoxy, vias, solder and sometimes bolts and screws to mount the boards. The next logical step is to move beyond 2D stacking, which is 2.5D to make 3D packages and to utilize the 3 rd dimension directly. Eliminate the traditional 2D FR4 board and the wires, epoxies, vias and solder and make the next generation packages utilizing the 3 rd dimension; the Printed Circuit Structure (PCS). The PCS concept will allow passives, actives and even antennas to move out of the XY plane and into the XZ and YZ planes. This new dimension will appear to be very complex and next generation circuit optimization will be required, but the end result will net a significant improvement in volume utilization. In addition, if new materials are developed and utilized properly, the PCS will be the box or the package thus eliminating all the bolts and screws necessary to mount a PCB in a traditional box or package, thus again saving space and reducing weight. nScrypt and the University of Texas at El Paso will present 3D Printing of Printed Circuit Structures. A demonstration of true 3D electronic structures will be demonstrated and shown as well novel approaches which utilize Computer Aided Design (CAD) to 3D Printing which will include the electronics portion. Introduction Printed Circuit Boards are a critical component in almost every electronic device. Electronics come in a variety of shapes and sizes which is determined by function, environment and physical shape; at least the physical device comes in a variety of shapes. The electronics portion of the device is limited to a standard 2.5 D approach. This implies building a multilayer board with dimensions in X and Y and then mounting that board to a structure of specific shape and volume. But data transfer speeds are seeing their limitations in this conventional PCB approach. New materials are being used to overcome these limits, but the actual structure will need to see improvements too. 1,2 Wires, epoxy, vias, solder and connectors all contribute parasitic harmonic effects to standard PCBs due to impedance mismatching and/or sharp turns that create electromagnetic (EM) reflections. 3,4 Using 3D printing, there will no longer be a need for wires, epoxy, vias, solder or bolts and screws. The 3D printing process can move from building a circuit which is flexible enough to be rolled into a cylinder, to building a cylinder with a curved circuit within it. These structures will be solid or even porous depending on the applications of the PCS. 3D printing has been around since the 1980's and starting as a novel demonstration, but is now becoming more ubiquitous. With the introduction of table top fused deposition manufacturing (FDM) machines even home users have the opportunity begin exploring possible 3D prints. These printers allow users to convert their CAD into physical structures for prototyping or even small part replacements. 5 3D Printing 3D printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an efficient and green form of manufacturing which fabricates products by building successive layers of material, thus creating little to no waste. Traditional subtractive techniques start with bulk materials and machine away unwanted excess.The first concept of AM known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) places a thin layer of the powdered material onto a work surface and a laser beam patterns metal thin shapes by sintering the powder particles together. The work surface is lowered and a second layer of powder is spreadon top of the existing metal shape. Through multiple lowering's, powder spreading and sintering cycles, a 3D structure can be built with features and voidsthat subtractive processes cannot achieve; resolution of lines are around 0.005in and layer thickness of 0.004in. StereolithographyApparatus (SLA) is another 3D printing approach which is a similar SLS but instead of sintering powder, it hardens photosensitive resin (liquid). There are some builds that require support structure materials if there are large gaps in the 3D structure during the build. Support structure materials are temporary and typically dissolved with water. SLA, like SLS, is an expensive process given the time it takes to build a part (minutes to hours) and the photosensitive resin is very expensive. The features created are solid and the surface finishes can be smooth; feature sizes can be as small as 0.001"per inch for commercial grade tools, but research tools have achieved 0.0001" features. Figure 1 are photos of commercial tools for 3D printing and Direct Printing.


The scolyted beetle, Thamnurgus pegani Eggers, was recorded from eastern Turkey in 2002 on Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae), a perennial weed toxic to domestic animals. The beetle's developmental stages, biology, damage, and parasitoids were studied in Igdir Province and in the laboratory at Erzurum during 2003-2005. Thamnurgus pegani is univoltine and adults hibernate in the larval galleries, root crown, and soil beneath the host plant. Overwintering beetles appear at the end of April and move to the newly developed stems. Females oviposit eggs singly in the small holes, usually between the stem and lateral shoot. The emergent larvae tunnel downward in the stem pith. A fungus, Fusarium oxysporium Schlechtend was detected within the gallery and on the body of T. pegani. The fungal-infested tissue became blackishbrown. Larva feed on this infected tissue, pupate in the mined stems, and new adults appear during the first week of August. T. pegani attack on P. harmala reduces seed crop size and germinability, and thus the beetle is considered to be a potential candidate for biological control of the plant in areas of the world where it has been inadvertently introduced.


The sharia economic dispute resolution process in Indonesia has two paths which can be taken by litigants, namely litigation in court and non-litigation. This research was motivated by sharia economic dispute cases handled by Blitar Religious Court which were carried out through a mediation but failed. The failure of this mediation process and the factors behind the failure are important issues to be studied. Consequently, Supreme Court Regulation No. 1/2016 becomes important to be used as the basis of analysis, whether this regulation has been implemented or not. Therefore, this study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 1/2016 concerning the procedure of in-court mediation on economy sharia disputes in Blitar Religious Court, along with various obstacles and solutions.


Introduction: Although bioengineered cardiac patches provide not only mechanical support for ventricles but also induction of cardiac regenerative cells in the failing heart, the overall regenerati...


By basing on the analysis of influencing factors on teaching quality in our school,some control principles are presented,and the supervising and ensuring system of teaching quality is built.


The concept of legal norm is part of the overall concepts and categories of legal thinking, through which legal reality is explained. At the same time, the legal norm constitutes the primary element of the legal system, the vector through which the legislator's message reaches the subject [1].


To circumvent the major threats of low blood volume and low blood pressure, animals need powerful mechanisms for salt and water conservation, which is renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Activation of the RAS is, therefore, a useful response in many demanding situations. However, increased activity of the RAS, especially in combination with other cardiovascular risk factors, may lead to a cascade of deleterious effects such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Although many pathophysiological actions of angiotensin (Ang) II may still be viewed as being homeostatic in principle, its over-activation can be detrimental.. Numerous experimental studies have indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 efficiently hydrolyzes the potent vasoconstrictor Ang II to Ang 1–7. Thus, the axis formed by ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas appears to represent an endogenous counterregulatory pathway within the RAS, the actions of which are in opposition to the vasoconstrictor/proliferative arm of the RAS consisting of ACE, Ang II, and AT1 receptor. Although most of the well-known cardiovascular and renal effects of RAS are attributed to ACE, an important enzyme in the generation of Ang II, much less is known about the function of ACE 2. This review summarizes the recently published data on basic properties of ACE 2 and Ang 1–7 and the evidence from experimental and clinical studies of various pathological conditions related to the biological roles of ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas in the heart.


Objective To discuss the clinical significance of myocardium enzyme and electrocardiogram of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)children.Methods T Myocardium enzyme including AST,ALT,HBDH,LDH,CK,CK-MB and 12-leed electrocardiogram of 1709 HFMD children in hospital were tested/taken.Results Myocardium enzyme examination:myocardium enzyme abnormalities mainly occurred in severe HFMD,elevation was seen in AST,accompanied by ALT,LDH,HBDH and CK increase,to a lesser extent.Myocardium enzyme damage was obvious in severe HFMD patients.Electrocardiogram examination:half cases presented sinus tachycardia,arrhythmia occurred in a few severe HFMD cases.Conclusion HFMD has little damage to heart,while some cases of severe HFMD present different degrees of myocardium damage and cardiac arhythmia,where early detection and treatment in clinical are required.


This paper examines the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladets conception of the phenomenon ADHD. The essay regards the language that is used (and the values reflected in it) as a sort of mirror where the ...


Context: In the face of a steep rise in the rate of bilirubin in neonates, we often seek improvisations to increase the efficacy of phototherapy machines. In addition, in resource-limited setup, a need is felt for the methods of reducing the duration of phototherapy so that the same machine can be used for more number of neonates. Aim: To study the effect of using white reflecting curtains around phototherapy machines on the efficacy of phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Settings and Design: Double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial. Level 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Ward of a tertiary care hospital between June 2011 and May 2012. Subjects and Methods: About 102 term neonates with jaundice were randomized into two groups of 51 neonates each. Group A (the study group) received curtains and Group B (the control group) did not receive curtains during phototherapy. Two phototherapy units were designed so that the white curtains could be hung or removed as required. Along with baseline variables including blood count, reticulocyte count, and G6PD, total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured for each neonate at 4, 12, and 24 h from the initiation of phototherapy. The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in TSB measured at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 h of phototherapy. The secondary outcome was the duration of phototherapy in hours and also the mean difference in bilirubin between 12 and 24 h. Results: The mean bilirubin concentration of Group A was significantly less (17.42 ± 1.04 mg/dL at 4 h, 14.52 ± 1.05 mg/dL at 12 h, and 11.33 ± 1.11 mg/dL at 24 h of phototherapy) than Group B (18.02 ± 1.13 mg/dL at 4 h, 17.6 ± 1.09 mg/dL at 12 h, and 16.65 ± 1.11 mg/dL at 24 h) with similar bilirubin concentrations initially. The mean duration of phototherapy in Group A (28.87 ± 4.11 h) was significantly less than Group B (51.14 ± 18.62 h) (P < 0.01). Conclusions : Using white reflecting curtains significantly reduces the mean bilirubin concentration and the duration of phototherapy in jaundiced neonates.


Computer technology and the Internet have made a breakthrough in the existence of data communication. This has opened a whole new way of implementing steganography to ensure secure data transfer. Steganography is the fine art of hiding the information. Steganography is the dark cousin of cryptography, the use of codes. While cryptography provides privacy, steganography is intended to provide secrecy. Privacy is what you need when you use your credit card on the Internet -you don't want your number revealed to the public. For this, you use cryptography, and send a coded pile of gibberish that only the web site can decipher. Though your code may be unbreakable, any hacker can look and see you've sent a message. For true secrecy, you don't want anyone to know you're sending a message at all. Steganography complements rather than replaces encryption by adding another layer of securityit is much more difficult to decrypt a message if it is not known that there is a message. The basic idea of the paper is to present methods that hides cipher text information(using affine cipher) in cover audio(wave file ) using Least Significant Bit (LSB) coding and use MSE ( Mean Square Error) which defined as the square of error between cover audio and stego audio, and PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) which define as the ratio between the maximum possible power of a signal and the power of corrupting noise that affects the fidelity of its representation. صلختسملا تابساحلا ايجولونكت تينرتنلااو تثدحا .تلااصتلاا يف هرفط اذهو ليثمتل هديدج قرط حتف لاا قن ةيرس ظافحل ءافخ ل .تانايبلا Steganography وه تامولعملا ءافخلا نف , يف هلاسرلا ءافخا فلم ي اهيمح هلوصو دكؤيو . مدختسي ريفشتلا امنيب ينملال مدختسيءافخلاا هيامحلل ة . ا ملا ( ةيباسحلا كتقاطب كمادختسلا هجاتحتام وه ةين credit card ديرتلا تينرتنلاا يف ) لا ربع تلسراوريفشتلا تمدختسا اذهل هماعلل فرعت نا كماقرا code طقف يتلا web sit ريغ نوكت نا نكمم اهكف نم نكمتي لفطتم يا نكلو رسكلل هلباق hacker .هلاسر تلسرا كناب ملعي نا دحا يا ديرتلا تنا هحيحص ةينملاو ,كتلاسر هيؤر نم نكمتي Steganography حب ءافخلال قرط ةفاضاب ريفشتلل ليدب تسيلو هيليمكت يه ي ث نوكي ا اميف هرفشلا كف بعصلا نم تفرع اذ ةلاسر كلانه يف لثمتت ثحبلا ةركف . ن ءافخا ص ةينقتب رفشم (affine) ( عون نم يتوص فلم يف wav مادختساب ) LSB 4 ... تامولعملا ايجولونكتل ةيقارعلا ةلجملا :دلجملا 6 ددعلا . : 3 ةنسل . 4112 مدختسيو MSE هيف يفخملا فلملاو يلصلاا فلملا نيب أطخلا ةبسن داجيلا و, RNSP رعي يذلاو ف فلملا يف ءاضوضلا ةبسن .ةيف يفخملا


Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in conjunction with Smart Meters is becoming a reality. Synchronized interval data collected from all the Smart Meters at the distribution network generate so much new and valuable information, which allow utilities to develop new applications for optimizing and managing the network operation and to improve the energy delivery services to the customers and also to provide support to transmission and generation. This paper discusses how to use the metering data from the Smart Meters to generate a dynamic model of a feeder network to improve the VOLT-VAR control application. Efforts are still at the early stages of application development by various researchers in the utility industry.


Theoretical relations are derived for estimating the maximum tangential electric field strength in a three-dimensional power cable with band insulation. Theoretical and experimental curves of the maximum tangential field strength as a function of the external-rib rounding radius of the current cores are given for 10-kV cable with sectoral cores of cross section 240 mm 2 .


Indonesian government still faces a number of challenges that might hinder the implementation of e-Government, including telecommunications infrastructure insufficientcy; funding sustainability, lack of coordination and integration, various laws and regulations regarding e-Commerce and e-government. This research aims to develop a model to evaluate performance of e-Government in Indonesia based on financial information transparency disclosure model. Research objects are the website of 33 province, 349 districts, and 91 cities in Indonesia. The evaluation is focused on the features and availability of financial report on the website. Financial transparency is measured using IFDI which includes web design and web contents. The number of websites that are accessible at the time of data collection period is as much as 374 websites. In general, financial information disclosure index is relatively lower than website features index. This fact shows that policy of financial transparency and public accountability should be more promoted and implemented


The invention relates to a container (100, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910) for the production of radioisotopes by irradation of a precursor material formed by a one-piece metal casing, the wall of said casing including one thin portion (130) having a thickness of between 5 and 100 [mu]m, the remainder having a thickness greater than 100 [mu]m. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining the container and to a target assembly using same.


The accelerating growth in technology-based self-service today is giving rise to questions about the acceptance of such forms of service delivery by all kinds of consumers and under different situational contexts. This study investigates the moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors on the relationships within a core attitudinal model for technology-based self-service. An experimental design is used with perceived waiting time and social anxiety (through perceived crowding) as the situational treatments. Relevant consumer traits for technology-based self-service are examined and include inherent novelty seeking, self-efficacy with respect to technology self-consciousness, and the need for interaction with an employee. The results lend support to the hypothesized moderating effects. Implications for service practitioners as well as directions for future research are discussed.


The hyperventilation induced by breathing a moderate percentage of carbon dioxide is not of rapid onset, and often a considerable time may elapse before respiration reaches a steady maximum level. During this interval, carbon dioxide gradually accumulates in the body, and a steady state may be pictured where accretion of this gas produces sufficient increase of ventilation to restore the normal metabolic output of carbon dioxide. The time required to reach such a steady state is not known with certainty. Campbell, Douglas, Haldane & Hobson (1913) reported that even after 18 mn some carbon dioxide was being dammed back within the body, for although carbon dioxide elimination was then equal to the resting output, there was an associated increase in metabolism which these authors put as high as 40-50 %. Nielsen (1936) noted that whereas a steady state was reached fairly rapidly with low concentrations of carbon dioxide, with a 5-8% mixture ventilation continued to increase for 20-30 min, and with a 7-5% mixture at least 40 mim elapsed before a steady level of ventilation was reached. On the other hand, Loeschcke (1949), commenting on a 'hysteresis' in the response of the respiratory centre to experimental hypercapnia, claimed that this effect did not persist for more than 2 min, and concluded that loading and unloading of blood and tissue carbon dioxide was effected in a similar time. However, as Hesser (1949) pointed out, the saturation period for a given tissue varies with both the blood supply and the solubility coefficient of the tissue with respect to carbon dioxide; areas such as the respiratory centre may reach equilibrium in a matter of minutes, but the time required to complete the exchange of carbon dioxide with less vascular parts of the body is probably much longer.


Preliminaries.- Mathematical and Statistical Preliminaries.- Statistical Computing.- Computer Storage and Arithmetic.- Algorithms and Programming.- Approximation of Functions and Numerical Quadrature.- Numerical Linear Algebra.- Solution of Nonlinear Equations and Optimization.- Generation of Random Numbers.- Methods of Computational Statistics.- Graphical Methods in Computational Statistics.- Tools for Identification of Structure in Data.- Estimation of Functions.- Monte Carlo Methods for Statistical Inference.- Data Randomization, Partitioning, and Augmentation.- Bootstrap Methods.- Exploring Data Density and Relationships.- Estimation of Probability Density Functions Using Parametric Models.- Nonparametric Estimation of Probability Density Functions.- Statistical Learning and Data Mining.- Statistical Models of Dependencies.


Objective To study the advantages and disadvantages of diagnosis traumatic choroid rupture by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indole green angiography (ICGA).Methods The retrospective analyzed the clinical material of 25 cases (25 eyes) with traumatic choroidal rupture.Twenty-five cases (25 eyes) were examined with FFA and ICGA.Results FFA:In 12 eyes angiography early strip,arc transmitted fluorescence or weak fluorescence,advanced weak fluorescence or dyed; In 3 eyes with retinal hemorrhage foci within or at the boundary of fluorescent staining;10 eyes only hemorrhage.ICGA examination:25 eyes (100%) were visible choroidal rupture range,without bleeding effect.Conclusions FFA combined with ICGA inspection diagnosis traumatic choroidal rupture can be complementary.ICGA examination isn't affected by the fundus hemorrhage.It can be displayed rupture.

Key words:
Angiography;  Choroidal rupture


A functional role of changes in lymphatic vessel permeability for the optimization of immune and inflammatory responses has recently been reported. The precise mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells that promote changes in barrier integrity remain incompletely understood. In the current study we investigated the effects of two different inflammatory mediators on lymphatic endothelial barrier function: histamine, which produces local inflammatory responses; and IL1β, an inflammatory cytokine commonly elevated in a variety of diseases. Human adult lymphatic endothelial cell (HALEC) and human juvenile lymphatic lymphatic endothelial cell (HJLEC) monolayers were used in order to examine endothelial‐specific mechanisms. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) was used as an index of barrier function. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to examine localization of vinculin and VE‐cadherin. The roles of MLCK and p38 MAPK kinase, both previously reported to be involved in inflammation‐induced elevations in microvascular permeability, were tested using the inhibitors ML7 (1 μM) and SB203580 (10 μM), respectively. The results showed that histamine (10 μM) produces a rapid decrease in resistance, which recovers within 5 mins, whereas IL1β (25 ng/ml) causes an initial increase in resistance followed by a decrease starting at 3 hours and continuing until approximately 4 hours after treatment. The recovery of the IL1β‐induced decrease in barrier function begins approximately 7 hours into the time course. Treatment with IL1β or histamine also increased the number of focal adhesions containing vinculin, 5.5 h after treatment. Surprisingly, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase with SB203580 potentiated the response of IL1β. Inhibition of MLCK with ML7 had no effect on the IL1β response. The data suggest that the effect of IL1β on endothelial barrier function has different dynamics than that of histamine. However, in both cases the cells appear to be responding to stress, with elevated focal adhesions 5.5 h after treatment. The p38 MAPK kinase appears to have a protective role for barrier function in lymphatic endothelium.


Changjiang Delta is one of the three major coastal economic zones in our country.At present,the economy integration of this area is at fast pace.This paper analyzes the forming mechanism of regional economiy,and the inherent demand and the problem of economic integration in triangular area of the Changjiang River,Finally,the auther puts forward the tactics of strengthening the regional economy of Changjiang Delta further from two aspects of market and government.


Background:  Removal of an LMA without producing untoward complications has remained a matter of concern to all anesthesiologists; more so in pediatric practice where the margin of safety is narrow. Most work on LMA in adults supports its removal following return of airway reflexes. The situation regarding its removal in children is, however, less clear.


Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology aimed to enhance the energy and spectrum efficiency of wireless communication links by reconfiguring the propagation environment of radio-frequency (RF)/optical waves. Planar phased meta-material surfaces or reflect-arrays for RF RIS and multiple smart mirrors have been used for activating optical RIS. In this article, we analyze the underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER), outage probability (OP) and channel capacity (CC) under the influence of underwater turbulence, beam attenuation, pointing errors and occlusion or blockage due to obstacles. A RIS-assisted UWOC proposed to mitigate the effects obstacles, pointing errors and turbulence and improve the system performances. The probability density function and cumulative distribution functions of $N$ RIS elements based UWOC system are evaluated over the underwater turbulence, pointing errors and blockage due to obstacles. The novel closed-form expressions for BER under binary phase shift keying and binary frequency shift keying modulation schemes using with and without coherent detection, OP, and CC for intensity modulation-direct detection and heterodyne detection cases are obtained and plotted according to the number of RIS elements with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio. The numerical BER results are validated with the Monte-Carlo simulations.


David Davis, founder and chairman of The Larrey Society, outlines Professor Douglas Chamberlain's future vision of the ambulance service, as outlined in the inaugural Larrey Lecture.


Two methods are described for X-ray analysis by the powder method, which make for greater intensity and the attainment of diffraction angles at almost zero degrees (o°).


Abstract Average reflectivities of the rain falling on a ship, measured with a shipborne radar by observing at close range and high elevation angle, are compared with values computed from drop size measurements on the ship. Agreement is good and the technique appears to hold promise as a routine calibration check in locations where sidelobe echoes from nearby ground targets are not too predominant.


CMOS transistors with a 50 nm physical gate length are demonstrated. Super-halo, implemented by angle-tilted implantation, is utilized to control V/sub th/ roll-off down to a gate length of 40 nm. Super-halo also provides V/sub th/ adjustment as well as a retrograde channel to suppress subsurface body punch-through. 935 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m and 395 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m on-state drive currents were achieved for n- and p-channel MOSFETs, respectively, with a V/sub dd/ of 1.5 V. The I/sub drive//(C/sub ox(inv)/V/sub dd/) figure-of-merit (FOM) of the CMOS devices falls on the trend line extrapolated from existing industrial CMOS technologies. The impacts of super-halo on V/sub th/ roll-off, DIBL, gate overlap Miller capacitance and junction capacitance in a 50 nm MOSFET are investigated. Strong halo can result in drain-to-halo (body) band-to-band tunneling leakage even at room temperature. Degradation of gate oxide leakage and hot-carrier reliability due to large-angle-tilted halo implant are concerns in 50 nm CMOS transistors.


The paper describes modern methods used in testing welded structures, and more particularly refers to X-ray examination of such structures. It is pointed out that purely mechanical methods are not entirely satisfactory, and it is highly desirable—at least in certain cases—that the weld should be tested by other means.


In this paper, we approach the partner choice problem in coded cooperative OFDM systems. We first define the user cooperation gain, G f, along with the related cooperation decision parameter, Thetaf, and demonstrate that cooperation is beneficial to the user with Gf > 1, or equivalently Thetaf < 1. The cooperation decision parameter is estimated via the Chernoff upper bound on the pairwise error probability and subsequently used in the asymptotic analysis. The theoretical results concerning the choice of partners in coded cooperative OFDM systems are supported by numerical examples


former category and public health researchers into the latter. This demarcation would have been useful to continue throughout the chapter to indicate text most pertinent to each discipline, but instead the chapter proceeds to cover the data concepts more broadly (e.g., 'Where and at What Level to Measure Urban Features', 'What to Measure', 'Secondary Spatial Data'). Future editions might consider some restructuring and guiding expectations for content depending on discipline. As a public health researcher who works with data on a daily basis, this reviewer enjoyed each of the chapters in Part III and their unique perspectives on major aspects of dealing with urban health data. The chapters cover managing and analyzing data, analytic strategies, and evidence synthesis, presenting key methods and principles useful for individuals conducting quantitative research. Chapter 10 addresses the systems approach, an overlooked method of integrating data and conceptualizing urban health. The one caveat to this section is that the topics covered are more pertinent to individuals who analyze data or regularly deal with data analysts and research findings, and are less suitable for practitioners who do not regularly deal with data. Part IV was this reviewer's favorite section because it bridges a serious gap in most public health research to date. The chapters convince the reader of the importance and methods of involving community members at every stage of the research process, from idea development, to intervention/implementation, to data analysis, to evidence dissemination. Chapter 14 on Policy in Urban Health is accessible for students and professionals in non-health disciplines. Chapter 15 provides a starting point for effectively sharing findings outside of one's discipline, in order to break down silos, translate research into practice, and have a positive impact on communities. In sum, Part IV offers new perspectives, motivation, and inspiration on ways to make urban health research count. Overall, the book is novel and covers the subject of urban public health in a way that will be appealing to newcomers to this field. It is particularly successful in describing 'the problem', providing key concept overviews with illustrative examples and references to outside resources, and outlining sample methods for making an impact by translating research findings to practice. Although some chapters are not as accessible to individuals outside of the public health discipline, the editors readily acknowledged that only certain chapters might be appealing for some readers, disciplines, or career stages. This reviewer could envision a future edition expanding Parts II and III to provide a more detailed handbook dedicated to data analysis of urban health data. Altogether, it is a solid and insightful first edition book.


The fixity of urban centers has been deeply implicated in models of political development from chiefdom to the state and early empire. For this reason, both Western and Chinese scholars have neglected the importance of non-permanent or shifting ceremonial centers or capitals like China's in the evolution of complex society. A brief examination of the touchstone cultures of early Mespotamia and Classical Greece, to which China is compared, demonstrates how narrowly conceived and exclusive the Euro-American view of complex society constructed by archeologists and historians has been on the issue of mobility and the relation of ruler and polity to territory. The Chinese case, like those of India and South Asia, suggests that the moving center should be recognized as a common variant in the process of socio-political development and change. The integration of the Asian state and early empires into the comparatist project seeks to analyze the formative relations between religious and cosmological conceptions and social, political and economic development. 都邑中心固定不遷移已深深地含括在從部落制發展到邦國與早期帝國的政治發展理論模式中.正是由于這個原因, 東西方學者一向忽略了像古代中國之非永久性的, 或曰移動性的都城在向複雜社會發展過渡過程中所起到的重要作用.中國 (或其他文明) 的這種״獨特性״暗含著從一種更爲標準的型態中離異出來的意味.然而, 如把中國與一些所謂的״典型״文化,諸如早期美索不達米亞以及古希臘文明作一些簡略的比較,即可看出在對都邑遷移問題和對統治者、政體與領土關係上,一般考古學家和歷史學家所持的是何種狹隘而又淸一色的歐美複雜社會觀觀念.更確切地說,所謂中國的׳'特例״以及印度與東南亞等地的一些實例提醒我們; 不斷遷徒的都邑中心在社會政治的發展與變遷中應被視爲一種常見的變例.本文將亞洲的邦國與帝國早期放在一起,以綜合比較的方法,試圖能從更廣的角度來對宗敎與宇宙觀: 社會、政治、經濟的發展與變遷等問題加以分析研究.


It was no surprise that I was completely on Richard Dawkins' side as he went after water dowsers, astrologers, and a variety of other psychic peddlers in Channel 4's The enemies of reason (13 August). But I do agree with the various television critics the following day, whose turn of phrase underlined what was wrong with the programme. Fish and barrels (in two newspaper), sledgehammers and nuts, lambs and slaughter, the obvious observation that the people he was confronting were 'bonkers': to quote the Times' Andrew Billen, 'If Oxford University's Professor for the Public Understanding of Science could not humiliate this lot, there would be something wrong. There wasn't and he did.' Billen's excellent suggestion was that Dawkins should be making a 13-part series on natural selection rather than gunning for intellectual inferiors caught in a media spotlight. I mean, is it worth anybody's time at all to discuss the spiritual 'rockness' of a rock?


The article considers the notional differences of the Russian verb synonyms signifying an initial phase of an action. The article deals with the functioning of phase verb synonyms in a folk memoirs text and draws a conclusion about reasons of discursive preferences.


The stab resistance performance of newly developed fabric composites composed of hexagonal paper honey c mbs, filled with shear thickening fluid (STF), and woven Kevlar ® fabric or UHMPE was investigated in this study. The STF was p repared by dispersing submicron SiO2 particles into polyethyle ne glycol (PEG). Our results indicate that the STF-Kevlar composite possessed lower penetration depth than that of neat Kevlar. In othe r words, the STF-Kevlar composite can attain the same energy lev el in stab-resistance test with fewer layers of Kevlar fa b ics than that of the neat Kevlar fabrics. It also indicates that STF can be used for the fabrication of flexible body armors and can provide improved protection against stab threats. We found that the stab resistance of the STF-Kevlar composite increases with the increase of SiO2 concentration in STF. Moreover, the silica particle s functionalized with silane coupling agent can further improve the stab resistance. Keywords—shear thickening fluid, SiO2, Kevlar, stab


The stresses and deformation of spillway left-side pier of Jiangpinghe Hydropower Station were analyzed by 3D-FEM.The distribution rules of whole displacement,deformation and stress in important parts of left-side pier were obtained.According to the results calculated by FEM,the effects of the prestress acting concrete structures evaluated.Finally,the effect of different interface models between the bottom of anchor block and pier was discussed.The result can be used to check the design of eh engineering and to guide the construction.


In this paper the patterns of information system is reduced so that control rules can guarantee fast response of queries in database. Generally an information system includes many kinds of necessary and unnecessary attribute. In particular, inconsistent information system is less likely to acquire the accuracy of response. Hence we are interested in the simple and understandable rules that can represent useful patterns by means of rough entropy and Bayesian posterior probability. We propose an algorithm which can reduce control rules to a minimum without inadequate patterns such that the implication between condition attributes and decision attributes is measured through the framework of rough entropy. Subsequently the validation of the proposed algorithm is showed through test information system of new employees appointment.


Hua Wang, Georgia Southern University Pattern packing, as opposed to the well-known question of pattern avoidance, aims to include as many as possible of a prescribed pattern in a permutation of given length. In this talk we will present an overview of the study of pattern packing in permutations and its variations such as colored permutations, preferential arrangements, and circular permutations.


ABSTRACT The use of pig deep-litter (PDL) in pasture fertilization can be an important alternative from an environmental and economic point of view. This study was conducted to evaluate the fertilization with PDL exclusively or in association with mineral fertilizers on the quality and productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa. The experiment was carried out in Ipameri, GO, Brazil. The design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four repetitions, in plots of 24 m². The doses of PDL (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) were tested, with or without fertilization with NPK (50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 10 kg ha-1 of K2O and 10 kg ha-1 of N). The organic fertilizer was applied broadcast at the planting of the pasture, and the mineral fertilizers were split and applied at planting and as topdressing. Dry mass, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were evaluated. PDL doses associated with mineral fertilization led to linear increases from 52 to 282% in the analyzed variables and better bromatological composition. PDL application is beneficial to the production of pastures, and increasing applications up to the PDL dose of 20 Mg ha-1 associated with mineral fertilization promoted better quantitative and qualitative results. With exclusive fertilization with PDL, the gains in quality and productivity were more modest.


This study focuses on university students' experience of peer tutoring supported by a mobile application called MENTOR (Mobile Education Networked Tutoring On Request) that was developed by the res...


1. Calorimeter (1) with the reaction container (3) having a combustion chamber (2) in which is provided a receiver (4) for a sample and an ignition device (5) and at least a supply conduit (6) for oxygen with liquid or water jacket (7) surrounding the reaction container (3), at least one temperature sensor (8), projecting into the liquid or water jacket (7) and the outer container (9) surrounding the liquid or a water jacket (7), characterized in that the outer container (9) is designed as a pressure vessel, etc. inimaet pressure occurring during combustion in the reaction container (3), yielding to pressure, on its wall (10) through a liquid or water jacket (7), and that for equalizing the heat movements and the wall of the pressure drop (10) of the reaction container (3) It is connected with its base (14) through a sealed fitting (15) amenable to pressure, or a reaction container (3) is a membrane, bellows or a movable piston. ! 2. A calorimeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction container (3) located in relation to the outside pressure vessel made thin-walled, and the thickness of its walls is less than the thickness of the walls of the pressure vessel (9). ! 3. A calorimeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner side wall of the pressure vessel (9) for isolation from external influences and to reduce energy transfer from the reaction container (3) through the surrounding water in the pressure vessel (9) has an insulating device. ! 4. A calorimeter according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating device for a pressure vessel (9) is a thermal insulating container (11). ! 5. calories


22 April—Mumia Abu-Jamal, for mer Black Pan ther and rad i cal jour nal ist, has been on death row in Penn syl va nia for 17 years—framed for an act he did not com mit by a vi cious and rac ist sys tem that aims to si lence an el o quent critic. Mumia, whose pas sion ate ar gu ments on be half of the op pressed have earned him a well-deserved rep u ta tion as "the Voice of the Voice less," is un doubt edly the best known death-row in mate in the U.S. to day. On Mumia's birth day, April 24th, hun dreds of thou sands of peo ple around the world will be mo bi liz ing in his de fense. Many will par tic i pate be cause they know that an in jury to one is an in jury to all. Workers, mi nor i ties and all the op pressed share a com mon in ter est in de fend ing those who are at tacked for dar ing to speak out against op pres sion. Mil lions are fol low ing Mumia's case, es pe cially on the West Coast of the U.S., where it is re ceiv ing con sid er able main stream me dia at ten tion. In a cru cially im por tant de vel op ment, un ion mil i tants have ini ti ated sev eral la bor ac tions to pro mote his cause. Sat ur day is nor mally a day in which a lot of cargo is moved on the docks on the West Coast, but not this week. The In ter na tional Long shore and Ware house Un ion (ILWU) has de clared a "stop-work" in sol i dar ity with Mumia for the day shift on Sat ur day 24 April in ev ery port from San Diego to Bellingham (north of Se at tle). This de ci sion was made by del e gates to a 26 March con ven tion of the ILWU's long shore di vi sion. The con ven tion also voted to ask ILWU mem bers to join the dem on stra tion for Mumia in San Fran cisco on that day. This ac tion by a sig nif i cant sec tor of the U.S. work ing class adds im mensely to the im pact of the 24 April dem on stra tions. In Jan u ary, mem bers of a teach ers' un ion in Oak land, Cal i for nia (the Oak land Ed u ca tion As so ci a tion—OEA) de fied op po si tion from the cap i tal ist me dia, the cops, the mayor, school ad min is tra tors and their own un ion pres i dent, to hold a teach-in on Mumia's case in their class rooms. The event, which was widely pub li cized in the lo cal me dia, proved to be hugely pop u lar among Oak land's predom i nantly black pop u la tion, and, as a re sult, the OEA bu reau crats and school ad min is tra tors did not at tempt any re pri sals. Bra zil ian teach ers in the state of Rio de Ja neiro have de clared one hour stop-work meet ings on 23 April to "re late Mumia Abu-Jamal's sit u a tion with the need for an on go ing strug gle against rac ism in all its forms around the world." Many in ter na tional la bor fed er a tions (in clud ing in Brazil, France, It aly, New Zea land and South Af rica) have also joined the cam paign for Mumia's free dom. For his part, Mumia is on re cord in sup port of a va ri ety of la bor strug gles. In 1998 he en dorsed the ILWU's cam paign against a le gal at tack by the em ploy ers for an ear lier dem on stra tion of sol i dar ity with strik ing dock ers in Liv er pool, Eng land. More re cently, Mumia re fused a re quest for an in ter view by ABC-TV's pop u lar 20/20 pro gram be cause he sup ported locked-out cam era op er a tors and tech ni cians, and did not want to speak with strike break ers. In an in ter view with the ILWU's Dis patcher, Mumia ex plained: "I had to ask my self, 'Would I cross a picket line if I were liv ing in quasi-freedom, and walk ing to the stu dio?' The an swer was an ir re vo ca ble, 'no.' How could I do less, even un der these cir cum stances? I felt an in tense af fin ity for the 3


Ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR) are involved in various bioactivities. In this study, the complete cDNA and 5′ flanking region of the duck GHRL (dGHRL) gene and a 3717 bp fragment of the duck GHSR (dGHSR) gene were obtained. A total of 19, 8, 43, and 48 SNPs identified in 2751, 1358, 3671, and 3567 bp of the chicken GHRL (cGHRL), chicken GHSR (cGHSR), dGHRL, and dGHSR genes, respectively. Both cGHRL and dGHRL were expressed predominantly in the proventriculus, whereas the highest mRNA levels of cGHSR and dGHSR were detected in the breast muscle and pituitary. Association analysis showed that C-2047G, A-2355C, and A-2220C of the cGHRL gene were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight (AFW; P = .01), crude protein content of leg muscle (CPCLM; P = .02), and CPCLM (P = .0009), respectively. C-1459T of the cGHSR gene was also significantly associated with CPCLM (P = .0004). C-729T of dGHRL and A3427T of dGHSR were both significantly associated with subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT; P = .04). It was indicated by this study that the GHRL and GHSR genes were related to fat deposition in both chicken and duck.


The present invention relates to a tablet cartridge for a drug dispenser which includes: a case; a tablet stopper; a plurality of tablet filters; first shutters; a second shutter; a rotary driving unit; and a control unit. A discharge outlet to discharge tablets is formed on a lower part of an accommodation room of the case. The tablet stopper is rotatably installed on a lower part of the accommodation room and an inlet hole is formed on one side to correspond to the discharge outlet. The tablet filters are stacked on a lower side of the tablet stopper to rotate. Filter holes with different widths which corresponds to the width of each tablet are arranged along the perimeter. The location of rotation can be adjusted to coincide with the each filter hole with a width corresponding to the width of the accommodated tablet in the accommodation room. Each of the first shutters are rotatably installed on each lower part of the tablet filters and restricts a tablet insertion space with a height corresponding to the height of the inserted tablet through the filter holes according to each location of rotation, or discharges the tablet inserted in the tablet insertion space. The second shutter forms a closing unit in a part which corresponds to the inlet hole of the tablet stopper, and an outlet hole is formed in a part which corresponds to the closing unit of the tablet stopper. The rotary driving unit rotationally drives the tablet stopper, location of rotation-adjusted first shutters, and second shutter. The control unit controls the rotary driving unit.


Abstract : Research has shown that bandwidth can be a limiting factor in the performance of distributed simulations. The Air Force's Distributed Mission Operations Center (DMOC) periodically hosts one of the largest distributed simulation events in the world. The engineers at the DMOC have dealt with the difficult problem of limited bandwidth by implementing application level filters that process all DIS PDUs between the various networks connected to the exercise. This thesis examines their implemented filter and proposes: adaptive range-based filtering and bundling together of PDUs. The goals are to reduce the number of PDUs passed by the adaptive filter and to reduce network overhead and the total amount of data transferred by maximizing packet size up to the MTU. The proposed changes were implemented and logged data from previous events were used on a test network in order to measure the improvement from the base filter to the improved filter. The results showed that the adaptive range based filter was effective, though minimally so, and that the PDU bundling resulted in a reduction of 17% to 20% of the total traffic transmitted across the network.


Objective: To classify occupational and organizational commitment profles among nurses, and clarify the proportion and characteristics of each type. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 900 nurses working in medium-sized/large hospitals (with 300 or more beds). Cluster analysis of occupational and organizational commitments was performed, and the nurses were grouped into clusters. Te relationship between each cluster and work engagement was examined to clarify the characteristics of the former. Results: Among the 900 nurses, 434 were analyzed (response rate: 42.2%). Tere were 5 clusters representing commitments. <Organizational commitments> was the largest cluster, accounting for 31.3%. <Calculative commitments> and <low commitments> were more closely associated with a lower level of work engagement more closely than <High commitments>. Conclusion: Te fndings of the study exploring commitment profles for nurses provide useful implications for supporting them to continue their jobs and remain with the organization.


The invention relates to composite fabric using ramie. The composite fabric using ramie is characterized by comprising following components, by mass, 25 to 20 parts of bamboo fibers, 40 to 48 parts of yarns, 32 to 45 parts of tencel fibers and 42 to 52 parts of ramie. The composite fabric using ramie is good in breathability, low in cost and high in comfort level and is convenient for large-scale popularization and application.


The partial replacement of natural coarse (gravel) aggregate by waste plastic aggregate to produce lightweight concrete has become one of the major challenges in recent years and stresses on the need for a constant and authoritative development for the betterment of the environment. This work was carried out to investigation the possibilities of using waste polypropylene yogurt containers as polymer aggregate in concrete application. The concrete samples with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% recycled waste plastic aggregate as partial replacement by mass of natural coarse aggregate are prepared after a curing period of 28 days. The effect of recycled plastic aggregate on compressive strength, density and water absorption of natural concrete are studied and compared with the results of specimen without plastic aggregate. Both compressive strength and density decreased with increasing the amount of plastic aggregate. The highest reduction in compressive strength and density were 50% and 19% respectively of concrete cubes containing 25% wt polypropylene waste aggregate in comparison of traditional concrete. It was found that water absorption increased as the plastic aggregate content increased up to 15% wt and then decreased when replaced coarse aggregate by 20% wt and 25% wt by recycled polypropylene aggregate. This study is recommended to use recycled polypropylene yogurt containers as a partial substance of traditional coarse (gravel) concrete mix up to 15% wt for applications include those where low compressive strengths and low cost production are desirable.


FDA on September 5 approved the marketing of ferric citrate tablets as a means of controlling the serum phosphorus concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing dialysis.

The phosphate binder, which at press-time did not have a brand name, will be marketed and distributed


The physical fitness among university students is a basic necessity that is equally important to the needs of education. Thus, it is important to know which level are they in physical fitness. As a student especially among female, are they fit enough to live in multi-tasking exercise in their daily life? In more systematically and accurately, the level of their physical fitness can be measured by implementing the test batteries. The objective of this study was to measure the level of physical fitness and to build the fitness norm among the first year female students at the National Defence University Malaysia (NDUM) Kuala Lumpur, based on seven test batteries. The sampling population were all the NDUM first year students. Those who passed the selection criteria had been selected as subjects who consist of 130 female students from the various demographic backgrounds. The instruments involved the seven test batteries (2.4 km running, sit-up, push up, 30-meter sprint, 10-meter zigzag, sit and reach and stand long jump) and self-administered questionnaire for demographic characteristics. Data collection has been conducted in the standard size synthetic track and gymnasium in the university. The subjects had been given a description and physical fitness manual procedures before performing all the physical exercise. The end of the study, the physical fitness level of 130 first year female students at NDUM had been determined based on the seven test batteries. The construction of fitness norms has also been successfully set up. In average, less than 30% of the subjects have an excellent physical fitness. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future scientific studies among university student in Malaysia.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is currently developing the Man/Systems Integration Standard which will detail the human factors engineering design requirements for future spacecraft. Several existing standards and guidelines from the Johnson Space Center and the Marshall Space Flight Center, along with human engineering standards from the Department of Defense will be superseded by this NASA wide standard. One chapter to be included in this human engineering standard, which is not usually included in general standards, will deal with extravehicular activity (EVA) where the human wears a pressurized life support system and operates in the microgravity environment. This paper details the development and contents of the EVA portion of the new NASA Man/System Integration Standard.


In this highlight, the studies on wormlike reverse micelles are critically reviewed in light of recent results that demonstrated the impact that micellar branching has on dynamics, rheology and phase behavior. Due to the large number of papers and their historical importance, a large emphasis is given to studies on the reverse micelles formed by addition of water to lecithin in oil solution. It is discussed how subtle changes in the system composition can drastically change the micellar connectivity, phase behavior and rheology.


We present an enhanced imaging procedure for suppression of the rough surface clutter arising in forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FL-GPR) applications. The procedure is based on a matched filtering formulation of microwave tomographic imaging, and employs coherence factor (CF) for clutter suppression. After tomographic reconstruction, the CF is first applied to generate a "coherence map" of the region in front of the FL-GPR system illuminated by the transmitting antennas. A pixel-by-pixel multiplication of the tomographic image with the coherence map is then performed to generate the clutter-suppressed image. The effectiveness of the CF approach is demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively using electromagnetic modeled data of metallic and plastic shallow-buried targets.


The invention relates to a novel cipher keyboard and a realization method thereof; the novel cipher keyboard comprises a projection head and a projection substrate; the projection head can project the cipher keyboard arrangement layout onto the projection substrate; a user touches the corresponding zone on the projection substrate according to the cipher keyboard random arrangement layout; then the projection substrate determines user inputted contents according to the user touched zone and the cipher keyboard arrangement layout, and said steps are repeated to finish user cipher input. The keyboard layout is changed into projection head random distribution; a touch screen or a camera can identify input contents, so keyboard input can be safer.


Pharmacoeconomic evaluation i.e. economical analysis of pharmaceutical products is a method which in clear and precise way defines "added value " that the product contributes to the health of society. The overall objective of pharmacoeconomic analysis is to provide reliable information that can support the decision making process in order to achieve efficiency in resource allocation. Pharmacoeconomic analysis aids the decisionmaking process in terms of enhancing the information on which decisions are based, allows decision-makers to make informed choices based on evidence, and contributes to an efficient resource allocation.


This study found significant differences between the standard length distributions of humpback and redfin culter and between Mongolian culter and topmouth culter. A stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) was used to investigate the interspecies differences between the feeding habits and trophic niches of four carnivorous species of Cultrinae fish. The results showed that the δ13C and δ15N values were significantly correlated with the standard length and species. However, the δ13C values of humpback and redfin culter were not significantly different, suggesting that these two fish species had similar food sources. The δ15N values of Mongolian culter and topmouth culter were the highest, suggesting that they occupied a higher trophic level and that animal prey was more important in their diets. Moreover, variations in δ13C and δ15N indicated considerable niche overlap and interspecific competition among the four species. We also evaluated trophic niches, diversity, redundancy, and evenness utilizing isotopic niche metrics, and we estimated asymmetrical niche overlaps. The analysis revealed that four carnivorous species of Cultrinae displayed similar trophic niche sizes and trophic diversity. The trophic traits of topmouth culter clearly defined them as a trophic generalist in terms of the inter-individual variability in their isotopic niches. A significant finding was that the average niche overlap between them was as high as 64.02%; topmouth culter had the greatest trophic overlap with redfin culter (95.52%) and humpback (90.38%), followed by Mongolian culter onto redfin culter (85.32%), indicating that topmouth culter and Mongolian culter benefit the most from the food supply in the habitat, or they are more competitive in the presence of limited resources.


This study examined the process of identifying and rewarding faculty members for excellence in reaching. An analytic scoring procedure was developed to evaluate candidates' dossiers and to expedite the decision process. Conceptual and pragmatic issues affect the screening process.


This paper studied the antimicrobial activity on some strains of bacteria、actinomycetes、moulds and yeasts of different extracts of Lactarius deiciosus (L.:Fr.) Gray. The result showed that Lactarius delicoisus (L.:Fr.) Gray has antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial agents exist majorly in the organic phase of sevag exclusive protein, and has an obvious inhibition effects on bacterial and fungi, the aqueous phase has some inhibition effects on actinomycetes 5406 and some fungi.


Chinese higher vocational education is the consequent outcome of China's rapid social economy development.Only by operating according to the market economy rules,can the higher vocational college develop well.Running itself based on the modern marketing beliefs and methods is the only way for the higher vocational college to improve its marketing management level and to strengthen its marketing competitive ability and the ability of continual development.The high vocational colleges should meet the demands from all sides,view things with an open vision,take advantage of the marketing beliefs and make an in-depth study into the product marketing of higher vocational education under the background of multi-dimension demands.Only on this premise can valuable and meaningful achievements be made.


At present, the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists mainly of L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) and/or dopamine D2 receptor agonist. However, in general the clinical efficacy of D2 agonists is less than that of L‐DOPA. Therefore, attention is being focussed on the role of the D1 receptor as a target for therapeutic intervention in PD. Recently, we reported that SKF 81297 is a selective D1 agonist that stimulates motor behavior of unilaterally MPTP (1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine)‐lesioned rhesus monkeys. Presently, we studied the effect of coadministration of SKF 81297 and the D2 agonist LY 171555 using the same model of PD. Coadministration of behaviorally active doses of SKF 81297 (0.3 mg/kg) and LY 171555 (0.01 mg/kg) resulted in a prolongation of the motor stimulation induced by either of the drugs alone. Neither administration of SKF 81297, in a dose of 0.03 mg/kg, nor of LY 171555, in a dose of 0.003 mg/kg, were behaviorally active, whereas the combined administration of these compounds induced a significant stimulation of motor behavior. These data suggest that (a) D1 receptor stimulation will prove to be useful in the treatment of PD and (b) better therapeutic results will be obtained by simultaneous stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors as compared with stimulation of both receptors alone.


Background Plasma exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) profiles following thermal injury and their relationship with gene expression derangements in burned skin remain unexplored. This study focused on the identification of key miRNA-mRNA axes in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage. Methods Plasma exosomes were obtained from 6 severe burn patients 4–7 days post injury and 6 healthy volunteers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of exosomal small RNAs presented the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Target genes of the DEMs were predicted in the mirDIP database. Dataset GSE8056 was enrolled to acquire differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burned skin compared to normal skin. Overlap between the DEGs and target genes of the DEMs were focus genes. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analyses of the focus genes demonstrated hub genes and suggested underlying mechanisms and pathways. The hub genes and upstream DEMs were selected to construct key miRNA-mRNA axes. Results The NGS of plasma exosome-derived small RNAs identified 85 DEMs (14 downregulated miRNAs and 71 upregulated miRNAs) with 12,901 predicted target genes. Dataset GSE8056 exhibited 1861 DEGs in partial-thickness burned skins 4–7 days postburn. The overlap between DEGs and target genes of DEMs displayed 1058 focus genes. The top 9 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, BUB1B, PLK1, KIF11, AURKA, NUSAP1 and CDCA8) in the PPI network of the focus genes pointed to 16 upstream miRNAs in DEMs, including 4 downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-6848-3p, has-miR-4684-3p, has-miR-4786-5p and has-miR-365a-5p) and 12 upregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-6751-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-4754, hsa-miR-6754-3p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-6739-5p, hsa-miR-6884-3p, hsa-miR-1224-3p, hsa-miR-6878-3p, hsa-miR-6795-3p, hsa-miR-550a-3p, and hsa-miR-550b-3p). A key miRNA-mRNA network in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage was therefore constructed. Conclusion An NGS and bioinformatic analysis in the study identified key miRNA-mRNA axes in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage, suggesting plasma exosome-derived miRNAs may impact on the alteration patterns of gene expressions in a burn wound.