In November, 1993, the Minister of Transportation raised the speed limit on two stretches of interurban roads (Jerusalem-Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv-Ashdod) from 90 to 100 km/h as the first phase in a programme. The aim was to introduce a 110 km/h limit on fast interurban roads, and a 125 km/h limit on the proposed Trans-Israel Expressway. The decision was based on the Livneh Committee recommendations. The Livneh Committee predicted that raised speed limits on high speed roads would reduce the total number of interurban deaths. This would be accomplished by diverting road traffic from slower, but more hazardous side roads. An alternative risk assessment was submitted by physicians in epidemiology and in emergency medicine. This assessment predicted an increase of 60-80 deaths in the interurban sector from the increased fatality risks to road users. The objectives of this paper are to determine: (1) which of the two risk assessements more closely predicted what actually happened; and (2) whether the Livneh Committee's recommendations should be reconsidered. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 867839.


The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising technology for obtaining renewable chemicals and fuels to replace fossil-based products. However, due to the complexity of the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose molecules, a large variety of compounds are often formed, making commercial implementation difficult. The use of a catalyst during reactions has been recognized as one of the major improvements in pyrolysis, allowing the production of selected compounds. Moreover, the large number of available catalysts opens up a wide range of possibilities for controlling the reaction network. Zeolites, hierarchical zeolites, alkali and alkaline earth oxides, transition metals and carbonaceous materials, among others, have been investigated in the pyrolysis of a variety of biomasses. In addition, bifunctional catalysts play a role in pyrolysis, as well as the addition of plastics as hydrogen donors. This review aims to present and discuss in detail state-of-the-art catalytic pyrolysis, focusing on the relationships between the properties of the catalysts and the obtained products. A guideline for selecting catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass is also provided.


The spatiotemporal dynamics of photon emission into a non-local farfield channel and two local nearfield channels from a pair of coupled two level systems is analysed using a model for emission based on Wigner-Weisskopf theory. The local quantum beats can be observed in the two nearfield channels. However, the presence of the farfield causes decoherence in the quantum beats even if only photon emissions into the near field channels are considered.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a secondary battery system preventing deterioration in energy density by preventing lithium from being precipitated in a negative electrode.SOLUTION: A secondary battery system includes: a secondary battery 2; a temperature sensor 4 measuring the temperature of the secondary battery 2; and a control section 7 controlling such that a voltage of the secondary battery 2 during charging is less than an upper limit voltage with an increase in temperature of the secondary battery 2 measured by the temperature sensor 4. The control section 7 stores corresponding information including the relationship between the temperature and the upper limit voltage of the secondary battery 2 for making a value of negative electrode capacity/positive electrode capacity larger than 1, and controls such that a voltage of the secondary battery 2 is less than the upper limit voltage, on the basis of the corresponding information.


iven tbat television news bioadcasts constitute a prime somce \ y of information about events in the world for most people in our society, and that industrial and political militancy is 'problematic' in so far as it 'breaches our expectancies' of how the world should operate,^ it follows that an analysis of how the main news media present to their audience the conflicts that do occur in society will be essential for an understanding of how social and p>olitical consensus emerges, is challenged and adapted, and of how the sodety develops mechanisms for 'containing' and 'explaining' the conflicts that arise within it.


APA Citation Johnsen, D. (2018).The relative value and role of copper within an Egyptian New Kingdom economic context: Using production, trade and use of copper as indicators of copper's value [Master's thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/706 MLA Citation Johnsen, Daniel. The relative value and role of copper within an Egyptian New Kingdom economic context: Using production, trade and use of copper as indicators of copper's value. 2018. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/706


The paper studies the performance of a novel ultra-wideband multiport self-grounded bow-tie antenna and presents simulated embedded radiation efficiencies and correlation at each antenna port, and the diversity gain of the antenna in rich isotropic multipath environment.


The study found out the dependence of the manifestation of symptoms of chronic non-communicable diseases of the digestive system on the duration of a person's own unit of time. It was identified that individual age points of exacerbations of chronic non-communicable diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are consistent with the duration of
the individual's own biological cycle.
Method. In each patient examined by the chronometric test method the " τ type" was determined, for which the classical method of reproducing intervals with a duration of tQ = 2, 3, 4, 5 c was used, which were set by the experimenter and reproduced by the surveyed using an electronic chronoscope with an accuracy of 0.001 c. Results. It was identified
that individual age points of exacerbations of chronic non-communicable diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are consistent with the duration of the individual's own biological cycle.


In this note we take a dynamical systems approach to the equations of motion of a free test particle moving around a spherically symmetric static dilaton black hole, written in the Einstein frame. The equations of motion are obtained using the Euler-Lagrange formalism. Using the first integrals of motion, we reach the conclusion that the free test particles are moving in a plane, named \emph{plane of motion}. In it we analyze the existence and nature of the equilibrium points and compare the behavior of free test particles near the equilibrium points using the dynamics systems approach. The study revealed that in the exact phase-plane exist distinct regions of motion, separated through a curve named \emph{separatrix}. In the end we obtained a relation between the parameters describing the black hole and the free test particle that holds on a parabolic separatrix.


Recent decades have seen a surge in interdisciplinary scholarship into the relationship between Emerson and science. The majority of these works illuminate Emerson's indebtedness to science so to dispel the haze of mysticism surrounding his Transcendentalism. Resultantly, such studies have expelled direct treatment of Emerson's primary concern—holistic oneness—for lack of any new or scientifically sound way to engage or understand this seemingly mystical notion. This essay introduces an interdisciplinary theory informed by the science of quantum nonlocality and optical holography, David Bohm's holomovement theory that allows for new, more comprehensive ways to reconsider the reality of oneness; then reincorporates Emerson's central concern back into the contemporary humanities-science scholarly field. Thereafter the essay applies Transcendental-holomovement concepts to a reading of Whitman and Emerson to demonstrate the ways in which to use these findings toward new interdisciplinary understandings of American Romanticism.


Coronary stents have been widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. However, complications have hampered the long‐term success of the device. Bare‐metal stents (BMS) have a high rate of restenosis and poor endothelialisation. The drug‐eluting stents (DES), although dramatically reduce restenosis, significantly prevent endothelialisation leading to late thrombosis and behave the same way as BMS after drug releasing. Rapid adhesion and growth of endothelial cells on the stent surface is a key process for early vascular healing after coronary stenting which contributes to the reduction of major complications. Surface properties manipulate cell growth and directly determine the success and life‐span of the implants. However, the ideal surface properties of coronary stents are not yet fully understood. The objective of this research is to understand how surface micro/nano textures and associated material chemistry changes generated by a laser beam affect the behavior of endothelial cells on bare metal 316L stents.


The invention relates to the field of a mobile terminal, and discloses a mobile terminal task processing method and a mobile terminal task processing system. The mobile terminal task processing method comprises the steps of receiving a task processing requirement and determining a task type; when the task is a first-type task, calling a first processor for processing the first-type task; and when the task is a second-type task, calling a second processor for handling the second-type task. According to the mobile terminal task processing method and the mobile terminal task processing system, through arranging the first processor and the second processor which perform collaborative operation, operation efficiency and operation quality of the mobile terminal in processing the task are improved. Furthermore electric power consumption of the battery of the mobile terminal is reduced, and battery duration time is prolonged.


This study aimed to find out the knowledge of pornography and the risk of sexual deviation in students with emotional and behavioral disorders in inclusive elementary schools in Yogyakarta. This research used quantitative and qualitative approaches with descriptive design. The subjects in this study were 9 students with emotional and behavioral disorders. The sources of the data used were the students, teachers and parents. Data collection used was interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive statistical analysis technique. The result shows that most of the subjects had been exposed to images and videos that contain pornographic content. Both friends and the internet had contribution in providing pornography knowledge to students. Holding genitals of opposite sex was the most frequent sexual deviation behavior that appears. Keywords—Pornography Knowledge; Sexual Deviation; Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders


In this paper a combined action/perception-oriented approach for behavior-based robot software design is proposed. Action-oriented in that context denotes that the requirements for sensor information are directly derived from the navigational tasks on the control level. Perception-oriented design on the other hand determines further supporting behaviors from the data available. Taking into account the diversity of sensors and perception algorithms on the one hand and the need for a thorough control methodology on the other, the authors introduce a generic concept for sensor data abstraction through virtual sensors. Virtual sensors are standardized data representations which offer a clear interface for behavior-based robot control systems. The design method presented accounts for both, flexibility on the sensor processing layer and consistent structures on the control layer supporting reusability, extensibility, and traceability. Results documenting the applicability to complex robotic systems are shown in a case study about the off-road platform RAVON.


Most band structure calculations approximate the integral over the Brillouin zone of momentum (i.e., wave vector) dependent properties with an appropriately weighted sum over a discrete set of points in the Brillouin zone. The best choice for such a set of points has long been a point of discussion in crystalline band structure calculations. For one-dimensionally periodic systems, however, the usual choice of points has been evenly spaced points in the one-dimensional Brillouin zone with equal weights. We have analyzed the exact error for the integral over the π band of a tight-binding model of trans-polyacetylene as a function of bond alternation. We find that the error in π band energy decreases in magnitude as q−2, where q is the total number of points treated in the Brillouin zone, for the metallic polyacetylene system with equal bond lengths. As bond alternation increases, however, we find that the error in π band energy decreases in magnitude roughly exponentially as a function of bond alternation for any given value of q. We find that this systematic change in error as a function of bond alternation can lead to either apparent overestimation or underestimation of the equilibrium dimerization and stabilization energy of Peierls distorted systems using first-principles total energy calculations.


The purpose of this study is critical understanding the basic, well-established classification of forms of government used in the theory of the state, in terms of identifying the dualistic monarchy. In the scientific and educational literature, there is no unity and certainty in describing the monarchy of the chosen type: some scientists tend to believe that this is a monarchy conditionally and slightly limited, while others believe that this is the format of a modern monarchy with a strong but limited power of the head of a state by Parliament. Against the background of such discrepancies, the term continues to be actively used. The scientific article calls for the development of a unified approach to understanding the dualistic monarchy as a form of government, where there is a dualism of legislative and executive power: on the one hand, the inherited head of a state concentrates executive power in his hands, on the other hand, there is a legislative body formed by the population, capable to exercise its power independently of the monarch. As an independent type, the author proposes to distinguish a quasi-absolute monarchy, where the head of a state has full executive power and a strong influence on the legislative power in terms of its formation and influence through an absolute veto. A quasi-absolute monarchy is not identical with an absolute monarchy: this study was carried out by the author earlier, and there are relevant references in this work.


Currently, various polymeric materials are used as biological materials in ventricular-assist devices or vascular grafts. However, platelets adhesion occurs in the artificial blood vessels or ventricular-assist devices made of usual polymeric materials. It is known that the hydrophilicity of the surface of polymeric materials can be enhanced by plasma irradiation or ion beam irradiation, and the biocompatibility of polymer material can be improved. However, the detailed effects of the surface treatments have not been understood in term of improvement in the biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of the surface treatments using Ar FAB (fast atomic beam) and Ar plasma irradiation are compared between several selected polymers such as PET, PDMS, and PTFE.


Silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonolignan, is well‐known as a safe therapeutic drug without any side effects in the treatment of many malignancies especially cancerous cells. In this study, to overcome problems such as low solubility of silibinin and to enhance its delivery to cancerous cells, we encapsulated silibinin in polymersome nanoparticles. Physicochemical measurements such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy confirmed the proper encapsulation of silibinin in nanoparticles. Furthermore, antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of silibinin encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles (SPNs) on MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line were validated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide measurement, and cell cycle analysis. In addition, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that SPNs can repress oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR‐125b and miR‐182, as well as antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl2. SPNs can also induce overexpression of proapoptotic target genes such as P53, CASP9, and BAX directly and/or indirectly (through regulation of miRNAs). Our results suggested that polymersomes can be used as stable carriers in nano‐dimensions and SPNs can be considered as a promising pharmacological agent for cancer therapy.


John S Eid and Enrico Gratton. Detecting correlated brightness changes between two species using dual channel two photon fluctuation correlation spectroscopy. 46th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society, San Francisco, California, 2002. Biophys J. 2002; 82(1): 430a. Abstract Fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a non-perturbative fluorescence microscopy technique used to obtain kinetic information by analysis of the stochastic fluctuations in a molecule's fluorescence. The two photon effect localizes the laser excitation to a three dimensional volume of a femto-liter. Using two channels allows additional information to be obtained from FCS: the cross-correlation. Different criteria to split the signal into the two channels can be used (i.e. dichroic, polarizer, beam splitter). The cross-correlation, at its most basic level, contains information that quantifies the presence of static correlation between two species (e.g. a dichroic can be used to discern if two differently colored fluorophores are physically associated with each other). In addition, kinetic information about a process causing a constant rate of change in the correlation between two species can also be gathered. We present simulations that elucidate the strengths and limitations of this method. The usefulness of this technique in determining rates of change in the conformations of bio- molecules of interest will be demonstrated. Supported by the National Institutes of Health, PHS 5 P41 RRO3155.


The UWB (ultra-wideband) pulse radar is a promising candidate as an environment measurement method for robots. Radar imaging for a nearby target is known as an ill-posed inverse problem, on which various studies have been done. However, conventional algorithms require long computational time, which makes it difficult to apply them to real-time operations of robots. We have proposed a fast radar imaging algorithm, the SEABED algorithm, for UWB pulse radars [1, 2]. This algorithm is based on a reversible transform, IBST (Inverse Boundary Scattering Transform), between the target shape and the observed data. This transform enables us to estimate target shapes quickly and accurately in a noiseless environment. However, in a noisy environment the image estimated by the SEABED algorithm is degraded because IBST utilizes differential operations. In this paper, we newly introduce a FIBST (Fractional IBST), which is obtained by expanding the conventional IBST, which enables us to deal with the intermediate space between a real and data spaces, and propose a stable 3-D imaging algorithm by using the FIBST. In our system model, UWB mono-cycle pulses are transmitted at a fixed interval and received by the same omni-directional antenna. We express a real space with the parameters (x, y, z). The antenna is scanned on the x-y plane in the real space. We define s(X, Y, Z) as the electric field received at the antenna location (x, y, z )=( X, Y, 0), where we define Z with time t and the speed of the radiowave c as Z = ct/(2λ). The transform from the data space (X, Y, Z) to the real space (x, y, z) corresponds to the imaging we deal with in this paper. We normalize x, y, z, X, Y and Z by λ, the center wavelength. In the SEABED algorithm, quasi-wavefronts (X, Y, Z) are extracted from the received data s(X, Y, Z). Next, we apply smoothing to the quasi-wavefront to suppress noises. Finally, we apply IBST to the smoothed quasi-wavefront to obtain the final image as ⎧ ⎨ ⎪


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of Danhong Injection on cerebral infarction and its influence on the coagulation function and hemorheology indexes. Methods: 90 cases were randomized into observation group and control group,with 45 cases in each group. Control group were given conventional treatment while observation group were added with Danhong Injection for the treatment. The clinical effects,coagulation function and changes of hemorheology indexes were observed. Results: The effective rate was 90. 70% in observation group and 76. 74% in control group; the difference had statistical significance( P 0. 05).There was no significant difference in the coagulation function and changes of hemorheology indexes between the two groups( P 0. 05). The improvement in observation group was better than that in control group; the difference had statistical significance( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Danhong Injection,with exact therapeutic effects on cerebral infarction,can prevent blood coagulation,improve hemorheology indexes and promote the relief of symptoms.


Most physicians are willing to admit that extraordinary improvements sometimes occur in patients' conditions, despite expectations to the contrary. Few will refuse to accept the occasional disappearance of tumors, patients who are expected to die imminently yet outlive their physicians, and other medical miracles. The dominant medical paradigm classifies these occurrences as "spontaneous remissions" since our treatments were not expected to be so successful. A non-dominant minority within academic medicine accepts the hypothesis that these events occur through a process that is called "healing" in ordinary language. Surveys of family physicians show that more than half believe faith can cure, and that divine intervention is possible in human disease.' These believers are not common in academic medical centers, where skepticism is the norm. Beyond the usual chaplaincy service, spirituality has largely been banished from "respectable" healthcare. As practicing physicians, we have seen events that could also be called "spontaneous healing."^ We have met cancer patients whose tumors have mysteriously regressed, allowing them to survive against impossible odds. We have encountered patients in the emergency room whom we never expected to survive, only to see them thrive years later. Those of us who have worked on the frontlines of medicine know amazing things happen that lie beyond biomedical explanation. In this essay, I hope to propose some potential explanatory hypotheses for the amazing and the miraculous, and to suggest a method for its study This is especially important because these phenomena do not avail themselves to randomized clinical trials, our usual method of testing treatments. I will suggest that the reason for this is that we are observing systemic transformations—events of self-reorgani zation that occur at far-from-equi librium conditions, outside of the range of the ordinary events that clinical trials are designed to study. The following case will organize our consideration of unchallenged assumptions within modern medicine that hinder our consideration of healing: Bethany was a 36-year old woman who had successfully completed treatment for thyroid cancer 10 years previously, and had been pronounced cured. I met her on referral from her internist for help with stress-related symptoms. Those symptoms sounded suspiciously like seizures. An EEG confirmed this and an MRI showed a temporal lobe tumor. Within one week, she underwent surgery and a glioblastoma multiforme was removed. Most patients with this diagnosis die within 11 months of diagnosis. Bethany is still alive 8 years later. How do we explain this? Bethany underwent the standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy The best estimates at the time were that these treatments would prolong her life by 4%—not a very dramatic increase. Some of her friends suggested she would be better off skipping these difficult therapies. Bethany disagreed, believing that they would have extraordinary benefit for her. To his credit, her neurooncologist never disagreed with her optimism. In addition, she joined our weekly healing circle. We performed some extra visualization and energy healing sessions. Bethany also attended the sweat lodges and healing ceremonies of the local Native American community, along with several others of us. In Bethany's version of her story, she reinvented her hfe as she surrounded herself with people who believed that she would be well. She left a stressful job that she hated; she left a relationship that was going nowhere; she created a new, sustainable life and a reason why she should live. Bethany continues to avoid pessimists. She surrounds herself with loving friends and family, believing that she needs that level of positive culture. How do we explain Bethany's story? How unusual is it? Our "skeptic" friends avoid discussing her case since the pathology reports and laboratory findings cannot be


Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a versatile, inexpensive, and rapid analytical separation technique available to the organic chemist. This inquiry-based experiment investigates the governing principles as to why and how the technique works. Students are led into expressing the position a sample travels in a systematic manner, the retention factor, Rf. It is found that compounds that are hydrogen bond acceptors (ethers and esters) are less strongly absorbed by the silica surface and possess larger Rf values. Compounds such as alcohols and carboxylic acids which are strong hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are more strongly absorbed by the surface and have smaller Rf values. A qualitative TLC study is also performed on compounds possessing different functional groups. The order of increasing functional group polarity is observed to be: ether < ester < ketone < aldehyde < amine < alcohol < carboxylic acid and directly corresponds to their observed Rf values. Knowledge gained in earlier sections is utiliz...


Objective:To study the influence of guiding nutritious meal plan for pregnant wom en health and growth of the newborns.Methods:The perinatal care 812 pregnant women were ran domly divided into two groups.One group of pregnant women was nutritious guidance group,the other was free food group.According to the Chinese Residents Reference Nutrients Intake(RNI)for the standard,with nutritional analysis software to inquire and analyze the two groups of pregnant women's intake of food type and quantity in the interim and late period of pregnancy;The hemoglo bin content of pregnant women were detected in the interim and late period of pregnancy.812 cases of pregnant women production methods,the postoperative complications,birth weight in babies and complications were inquired and analyzed.Results:The treatment group women in the interim and late period of pregnancy,absorb food nutrients,all could reach more than 90 % of the RNI;the control group in interim and late period,the heat energy,protein failed to meet 80 %;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05).In the treatment group,trace element calcium,iron,zinc and iodine supply,particularly calcium were serious shortage;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05).The hemoglobin content of the treatment group in the interim and late period of pregnancy were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).The treatment group's cesarean delivery,postpartum hemorrhage,great son and low birth weight number were significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion: Formulating rational overall nutritional meals scheme can ensure that the pregnant women have enough nutrition and balance prandial structure,it will be helpful for health of the mother.Includes it in the perinatal care content will have important meaning.


An analytical method to predict the effects of rotor downwash on engine jet was proposed to investigate the flow pattern of helicopter engine jet. First, free wake analysis was carried out to calculate the rotor wake geometry and the downwash around the engine jet space. Then the engine jet path, cross section shape and physical variants were calculated and analyzed. Finally, an example was given to show the typical results for an insight into the influence of engine jet upon the temperature distribution around a helicopter. The method developed here can be used to predict rotor wake, engine jet and temperature distribution of a helicopter.


This report introduces a new technique for monitoring and understanding the mechanical events taking place during coronary balloon angioplasty. A standard inflation syringe is instrumented with transducers to record intra-balloon pressure and volume during stenosis dilatation. The theoretical and practical aspects of obtaining and interpreting PTCA "pressure-volume" curves are described. Based on mechanical principles, this method may provide the PTCA operator with information regarding the stiffness and resilience of each stenosis, the mechanism of dilatation, and a measure of adequacy of lumen enlargement even before the balloon is deflated.


Robot welding system with structured light vision has been widely used in chemical industry construction, aerospace, and other fields for the welding tasks that require high precision standard. The accuracy of weld recognition is the key to improving weld quality and the robot servo performance. The challenge of weld seam detection is how to deal with the influence of the arc and splash which are existing commonly during the welding process. In this paper, a novel contour-based approach has been developed to detect the weld seam in terms of key feature points which are useful for welding robots to make the welding planning. The proposed network can process multitask simultaneously, and it can not only estimate the location of the weld key-point but also can identify different weld joints without any preprocessing or postprocessing. The experimental result shows that the actual weld seam detection error is within 0.3 mm in the noisy welding process and that illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed work.


Polycrystalline ceramic/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites possess unique grain boundaries, containing 1D tortuous SWNTs bundles that form 2D tangled embedded nets. This unprecedented grain‐boundary structure allows tailoring of multifunctional ceramic/SWNTs composites with unique combinations of desirable mechanical (toughness, strength, creep) and transport (electrical, thermal) properties. A brief discussion and analysis of recent developments in these composites are presented.


Identifying soils that contain high lead (Pb) concentrations is an important step in protecting public health from Pb poisoning. To determine if soil fertility tests (SFT) can be utilized to predict United States Environmental Protection Agency Solid Waste USEPA SW846‐3050a (EPA3050) levels of Pb in soil, the EPA3050 test and three SFT: Mehlich‐1 (M1), Mehlich‐3 (M3) and Modified Morgan (MM), were performed on 96 soil samples from New Jersey and Delaware. Samples were collected from roadsides, urban gardens, alongside of old, painted buildings, farm fields and lawns, and one trapshoot site. Lead content ranged from 3 to 21,000 mg EPA3050 Pb/ kg soil (median: 180 mg/kg). Site of sample collection was a general predictor of contamination. Percent soil organic matter (SOM) was negatively correlated to relative amount of Pb (compared to EPA3050) extracted, for all three SFT. Soil pH was negatively correlated to relative amount extracted by M1 and MM, but not for M3. Soil fertility tests generally extracted less Pb than did EPA3050 and relative extraction varied depending on the source of sample. Strong positive correlations existed for Pb amongst all four tests. Using simple linear fits, the US EPA level of concern for Pb (400 mg/kg) is predicted to be equal to M1 = 57 mg/kg, M3 = 278 mg/kg and MM = 71 mg/kg. The following equations were developed for samples containing less than 720 mg/kg EPA3050 Pb: EPA3050 Pb = 5.3(M1 Pb) + 96, (r2 = 0.49), EPA3050 Pb = 1.3(M3 Pb) + 39 (r2 = 0.60), EPA3050 Pb = 4.7(MM Pb) + 64 (r2 = 0.74). Using these conversion equations, these SFT are useful as a preliminary screening for Pb contamination of Alfisols and Ultisols.


Abstract Process yield has been a standard metric for measuring the capability and performance of manufacturing processes. Process capability index Spk, a concise unit-less gauge with yield-sensitive functionality, communicates succinctly the genuine process yield for normally distributed processes. However, in frequentist statistics, the exact sampling distribution of Spk's natural estimator is intractable. Various frequentist approaches have attempted to address its wide-scale accuracy in statistical inference. Among them, the approach of generalized confidence interval (GCI) has been demonstrated superiority. In this paper, we incorporate Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to introduce a Bayesian-type approach. Extensive simulations in comparison of accuracy and precision performances between the Spk's frequentist and Bayesian inferences are conducted. Concerning coverage rates and average interval widths of the inferential criteria, Spk's Bayesian MCMC credibility intervals perform better than frequentist GCIs in most cases, particularly, the cases with only a few samples of information acquired from the manufacturing process.


In over 80% of the schools where physics is taught, there is only one teacher teaching the subject, so most teachers cannot readily turn to a colleague at their schools for answers or suggestions about issues that deal specifically with physics. When physics teachers do have questions about physics content, the most often reported "best" source for answers is the Internet. Potentially demonstrating a better personal network or a better familiarity with the resources available to them, teachers who had completed physics education courses were significantly less likely to use their class texts as the best answer source. Instead, they were more likely to rely on college or university teachers. Having access to resources beyond the class text can help teachers develop a more nuanced understanding of physics concepts, as well as a better sense of perspective about the content they teach.


Purpose – This paper aims to get insight into managers' cognitive maps with respect to simplicity, realism and confidence, when talking about strategic marketing planning. Moreover, it analyses the impact of temporal modes of thinking on the three cognitive constructs studied.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research is performed, touching the core of what is really going on in the manager's mind rather than just skimming the surface.Findings – Past and present oriented thinking (often found in deductive and inductive approaches) are found to be more simple but less realistic than an abductive (may be) or even visionary (will be) approach. Moreover, managers seem to integrate elements of various schools of management thought when thinking about simplicity, realism and confidence.Practical implications – Managers use management tools, frames and dimensions in a compound way when developing strategic marketing plans.Originality/value – The paper sheds another light on how various schools of manag...


In this paper, we propose techniques for clustering large-scale "streaming" graphs where the updates to a graph are given in form of a stream of vertex or edge additions and deletions. Our algorithm handles such updates in an online and incremental manner and it can be easily parallel zed. Several previous graph clustering algorithms fall short of handling massive and streaming graphs because they are centralized, they need to know the entire graph beforehand and are not incremental, or they incur an excessive computational overhead. Our algorithm's fundamental building block is called graph reservoir sampling. We maintain a reservoir sample of the edges as the graph changes while satisfying certain desired properties like bounding number of clusters or cluster-sizes. We then declare connected components in the sampled sub graph as clusters of the original graph. Our experiments on real graphs show that our approach not only yields clusterings with very good quality, but also obtains orders of magnitude higher throughput, when compared to offline algorithms.


In the midst of rapidly changing seaborne transportation industry, the container liners are consolidating into bigger multinational groups and the enlargement trend of container vessels is common. The continuing growth and development of regional hub ports is particularly notable and regional ports in North-East Asia strive to gain a competitive-edge. In this circumstance, to increase transhipment cargoes of the port of Pusan following devices are suggested. First, in response to the enlargement trend of container vessels worldwide, it is necessary to expand stacking areas and develop more container terminals. And the budget should be invested to port development continuous]y because it needs ]arge scale investments and its construction takes a long time. Second, the container terminal should be added modernized stevedoring equipments, expecially new high -performance gantry cranes. Third, port authority needs to own and operate a wide range of warehousing and distribution facilities for value-added distribution activities and if it is possible, government needs to designate Free Trade Zone to facilitate the free flow of cargoes Fourth, it needs to develop the EDI network in terminal areas or adjacent hub ports to exchange trustworthy and satisfactory information and communication services. Fifth, it needs a policy which extends free time of container storage in terminal to secure more cargoes and offers discount of charges for cargoes. Sixth, the exclusive use of berth is needed to attract major carriers. Finally, it need to strengthen port sales and open events regularly to attract potential carriers or big shippers.


E1, E2, LH and FSH were measured radioimmunologically in 81 plasma specimens of 28 sexually precocious girls 1 to 10 years of age. Prior to treatment in these girls the mean E1 value (15 pg/ml) was within the infantile normal range, but the mean values of E2. (26 pg/ml), LH (1, 2 ng/ml) and FSH (1, 6 ng/ml) were significantly elevated. However, out of 63 plasmas only 31 showed elevated E2, 24 LH and 34 FSH values above the normal range for age. Grouping the values according to breast development revealed considerably lower estrogens and gonadotropins in patients than in normally maturating girls of the same developmental stage. During treatment with CY (mean daily dose: 50 mg/m2) the mean estrogen and gonadotropin levels of 8 patients decreased significantly (E1 : p<0.001; E2: p<0.01; LH: p<0.025; FSH: p<0.05). However, out of 18 plasmas from the girls treated 5 still had elevated E2, 6 LH and 12 FSH values in the pubertal range.Supported by: DFG, SFB 51


This measurement study reports on the adaptation of the Feelings Towards Group Work questionnaire (FTGW; Cantwell & Andrews, 2002) into the Japanese population and second language acquisition domain. The original English version of the instrument was translated into Japanese, and this was then back-translated into English and compared to the original to ensure that the language used was equivalent. A data set (N = 307) was collected from university students at two universities in western Japan. Normality of test items was examined, and reliability estimates (Cronbach's alpha) of the three subscales that make up the instrument were calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the fit of the threefactor model hypothesized by the authors of the instrument, and the evidence was negative. Subsequent, and diagnostic, CFAs of the separate subscales indicated that the model fit for the scores on two of the subscales (Preference for Individual Learning and Preference for Group Learning) was unsatisfactory while the fit on the remaining subscale (Discomfort in Group Learning) was exemplary. The implications of these results for this adapted version of the FTGW questionnaire are discussed. Introduction The use of pair-work and group activities has been on the increase in the English as a second language classroom (Fushino, 2010) and has become an accepted part of most teacher's practice. This is not surprising considering the benefits that have been reported in the literature for group-based learning approaches. By working in pairs or small groups, learners can act as mediators who help to explain new ideas or information to co-learners (Gillies, 2003). In addition to facilitating language learning, members of a group can also serve as a pool of resources, as sources of motivation and as a base of support for each other (Dornyei & Malderez, 1997). More broadly, small group learning approaches can improve the quality of students' interactions with their peers while at the same time helping them to develop their academic skills, build selfesteem and improve their overall attitudes towards learning (Johnson, Johnson & Smith 1998; 220 Larry J. Xethakis


Methods for the synthesis of new 8-amino derivatives of pyrano[4'',3'':4',5']pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno(furo)[3,2- d ]pyrimidines have been elaborated. Condensed thieno[2,3- b ]pyridines have been prepared based on 3-chloro derivatives of pyrano[3,4- c ]pyridines. Cyclization of the latter compounds with formamide and subsequent chlorination led to the formation of 8-chlorothieno[3,2- d ]pyrimidines, which have been converted by interaction with various amines into the desired 8-amino derivatives. For comparative evaluation of the biological activity, the corresponding 8-amino derivatives of condensed furo[3,2- d ]pyrimidines have also been prepared. The study of neurotropic activity of the synthesized compounds showed that some of the derivatives of condensed thiophenes exhibited nootropic properties and their anticonvulsant activity was higher than that of the corresponding furan analogs.


Unifying the many definitions and practices of meditation is the notion of training the mind, which suggests that the technique of meditation could usefully supplement courses designed to train people to think and write critically, analytically, or academically. In Riding the Ox Home: A History of Meditation from Shamanism to Science, Willard Johnson argues that "meditation has no intrinsic goal or meaning; it is rather a technique, a way of developing consciousness" (3). Coming from a Hindu tradition, Ekneth Easwaran similarly defines meditation as "a systematic technique for taking hold of and concentrating to the utmost degree our latent mental power" (9). Most frequently meditation is discussed within a spiritual context, yet for beginning college students, who often report difficulty keeping their minds on what they read, practice in meditation could be as useful as other study techniques frequently taught, such as focused free writing, mapping, and dialogic reading logs. Yet work linking writing and meditation remains on the fringes of our discipline. In this essay I want to review the scholarship on the connections between meditation and writing, analyze objections to the use of meditation in a writing classroom, and suggest that writing teachers consider using meditation with apprehensive or blocked writers, a population I have studied and seen it serve. Most of my experience with meditation and writing has occurred outside the academy; I've led workshops at a bookstore, in a therapist's office, and most frequently through Unity, a center for spiritual growth. Teaching at a spiritual site helped me shift my focus from helping writers produce good prose to helping them enjoy the process of meditating and writing regardless of the outcome. I have also guest taught in elementary and high school classes and typically offer an optional day of meditating and writing in my university writing courses. Despite enthusiastic student response, the marginality of meditative practice within the academy has discouraged me, as an untenured faculty member, from regularly offering meditation to writing classes. Peter Elbow relates a similar reluctance to bring new practices into his university classes: "The


Introduction: Indoor patients in hospitals frequently use corticosteriods for different indications. As the number of drugs inprescriptions increases, the risk of drug-drug interactions increases. This study deals with the frequent use and drug-drug ofcorticosteriods. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the frequency of use of corticosteriods in indoor patients andthe resulting drug-drug interactions. Study design: 270 Prescriptions of indoor patients from different wards of Aziz Bhatti Shahidteaching hospital Gujrat were collected randomly over the period of three months. These prescriptions were subjected to a drug-druginteraction software based analysis. The results were collected analysed and presented in the form of tables. Period: The patient chartscontaining prescriptions included in this study were collected over the period of three months. Material and Method: The software namedTHE MEDICAL LETTER ADVERSE DRUG INTERACTION PROGRAM was selected for finding the drug-drug interactions in randomlyselected indoor patient charts. Moreover, the frequency of use of corticosteriods was determined by simply counting the prescriptionscontaining corticosteriods out of total prescriptions and its percentage was found. Results: 29.25% patient charts were includingcorticosteriods in their prescriptions. Percentage of corticosteriod drug interactions found was 25.55%. Conclusions: Frequent use ofcorticosteriods in indoor patients can increase the risk of drug-drug interactions that should be monitored regularly.


To determine the degree of milk contamination that might be expected when dairy cows were permitted to graze on an insectieide-treated pasture for varying lengths of time and at various intervals after treatment, a series of tests was initiated using dieldrin, DDT, and heptachlor applied at about twice the rate that might be considered normal dosage (0.5, 3, and 0.5 lb. per acre, respectively). When cows were permitted access to pastures immediately after treatment, the chemicals reached their maximum concentrations in the milk within 3 to 7 days (dieldrin 3 to 4 p.p.m.; DDT 7 to 8 p.p.m.; heptachlor as heptachlor epoxide 0.22 p.p.m.) and declined steadily thereafter.


A complaint often made by American priests in the mid-nineteenth century to the Holy See when they were removed from their missions as the result of an accusation of a crime, or when transferred against their will from their assignments, was that their bishops did not follow any formal canonical procedure.1 The usual defense made by the bishops to this charge was that the United States, as a "missionary country" under the supervision of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith ("Propaganda"), did not yet have "parishes" and "pastors" in the full canonical sense, and that the assignment of clergy was as "rectors" to "misThe Jurist 70 (2010) 186–205


We analyze dynamic portfolio choice problems using an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. We extend the algorithm to the case of constraints on borrowing and implement a duality-based simulation procedure for estimating bounds on the true value function. We demonstrate that the ADP solution exhibits a high degree of accuracy in the considered examples, indicating that this is a promising approach to tackling challenging practical problems in the area of asset allocation and portfolio choice. We present additional evidence on the performance of the duality-based method for estimating performance of approximate portfolio rules, showing that it provides a valuable tool in conjunction with ADP-style algorithms. Subject Classifications: Finance: portfolio optimization. Dynamic Programming: optimal control, duality theory.


The author believes that, as the 21 century's coming, the commodities circulation system has become more and more huge, the logistic center has been getting larger-scale, management of which has been getting more complicated. It is very important to accumulate and utilize the central skill and the knowledge of distribution center and to construct the knowledge-distribution center. The author analyses the meaning of the Knowledge-Management, according to the particularity of the work flow and operation, make the knowledge of operation and management and prosecution as the main content of knowledge-management in distribution centers. The knowledge management system of distribution center is comprised of three following sections: IT application in distribution center, the structure and the operating system of knowledge management system of distribution center.


As one of the areas with frequent earthquake disasters, China's social stability and sustained and healthy economic development have been profoundly affected for a long time. Based on the two-way fixed effect model and a series of deterministic indicators of economic development, including education level, economic development, financial development, fixed asset investment and permanent population, this paper designs a standard regression equation for estimating growth and uses time series panel data to analyze the impact of earthquake disasters on China's economic development. The research results show that the earthquake disaster has an insignificant positive impact on China's GDP. From the point of view of control variables, education level and financial development level have a positive effect on economic development as a whole, but there are certain differences in the degree of influence. The degree of trade openness has a significant impact on GDP, industry and service industries. Moreover, it has a negative impact on agricultural development.


Importance: Children exposure to screen time has been associated with poor mental health outcomes, yet the role of genetic factors in this association remains largely unknown. Objective: We examined (1) the longitudinal phenotypic association between child screen time and mental health outcomes and (2) the potential genetic confounding of this association. We hypothesized that genetics partially account for observed phenotypic associations. Design: Longitudinal (baseline and one-year follow-up) population-based cohort. Setting: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development, 21 sites in the United States. Participants: This study included 4,262 children of genetically assigned European ancestry with mean age 9.9 years (SD = 0.6 years), 46.8% female. Exposure: Children daily screen time (in hours) was assessed both by child-report and parent-report questionnaires at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures: Child psychiatric problems, specifically attention and internalizing problems, were measured with the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist at the one-year follow-up. We used Genetic sensitivity analyses (Gsens), based on structural equation models using polygenic risk scores (PRS) of both exposure and outcomes, and either single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability or twin-based heritability to estimate genetic confounding of associations between child screen time and attention or internalizing problems, separately. Results: We found that child screen time was positively associated with the different psychiatric problems. Further, the television time PRS was associated with child screen time (beta=0.18 SD, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.23); the ADHD PRS was associated with attention problems (beta=0.13 SD, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.16); and the depression PRS was associated with internalizing problems (beta=0.10 SD, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.13). These PRSs were associated with cross-traits, suggesting genetic confounding. Using PRSs and SNP-based heritability, we estimated that genetic confounding entirely accounts for the association between child screen time and attention problems, and moderately (42.7%) accounts for the association between child screen time and internalizing problems. When PRSs and twin-based heritability estimates were used, genetic confounding fully explained both associations. Conclusions and Relevance: Genetic confounding may explain a substantial part of the associations between child screen time and psychiatric problems. Potential interventions to reduce screen time could be less effective in reducing psychiatric problems than previously hypothesized.


43 The teacher resumes barking, but I am too far past the point of undoing what I have done—I panic and restart at step one. I am able to get back to where I was, but now the group has moved on. Distressed, I ask my neighbor for help, who quickly pulls me back into line. Unfortunately, we soon realize the class has moved on and we are both lost. HELP! My right hand flies up and I wait to be noticed. I noisily spin in my chair, talking with friends—all while intermittently trying random stabs at solving my problem. The bell rings. I save my humiliation for another day. I know tomorrow my anxiety, stress, and unease at re-making the teacher's vision will begin anew. Flash forward 15 years. I am an art teacher sitting in the front row of my own high school students' first annual film festival. I watch their movies, once again uncomfortable. I realize that my students' astute technical work all looks boring. I think back to my classroom of this past year and how students sat, miffed with their hands in the air. I came to the sickening realization that I was teaching the way I had been taught. And it was not working. With this, my qualitative case study was born. I decided on this methodology because a "case study investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context" (Merriam, 1999, p. 27). I wondered if my students could acquire necessary techniques while expressing creativity in their own voices. Consequently, for my case study, I selected my high school Introduction to Animation class, an elective in the Computer Animation pathway at my school. This course involved instruction of basic technical applications in stop-motion animation and allowed promotion of creative problemsolving strategies. I observed the class of 21 students and reviewed their sketchbooks for insights on implementation of creative problem-solving strategies. Through purposeful sampling, (Merriam, 1999), I selected three students to study in depth based on their personalities, gender, availability, and willingness to participate. These students, Quentina, LaDarrion, and Terique (pseudonyms), became the voices of my study as I explored possibilities of combining technical instruction with creative problem-solving strategies. In this study in a computer animation unit, I explored urban high school students' use of creative problemsolving strategies, defined as techniques that offer multiple ways and angles of considering a problem from which an optimal solution may be selected. These strategies included open-ended instructional problems, brainstorming and storyboarding, peer checks, utilizing symbolism and metaphor, and critique. The primary goal for the unit of instruction was to teach students how to create a stop-motion film that used computer programs Photobooth, iPhoto, and iMovie. While these strategies are common in traditional artrooms, I examined what happens when these creative problem-solving strategies were combined with a high-school computer animation unit and what results were obtained. the bell rings. Excitedly I barrel through the door to the shiny new Mac lab. I am the first to arrive in the graphic design class and I greet the teacher with a shifty, silent smile—the perfect image of a surly teenager. i turn on the computer and immediately start toying with the tool bar in


This article offers a description of and engagement with a number of arguments that have been framed around the notion of 'ontological symmetry' or the promotion of a 'pluriverse' over a universe. I seek, first, to explain what problems scholars are seeking to solve with these interventions; second, I point to certain missteps that have been made as part of these solutions, particularly in relation to human-centredness in conceptions of practice-based ontologies; and third, I draw attention to the dangers involved in assuming that the pluriverse will not be governed by power imbalances similar to those found in a one-world world.


Cerebrovascular disease is the number one cause of epilepsy in the elderly population. Headaches are relatively common in patients with cerebrovascular disorders. The frequency of stroke-related headaches ranges from 7% to 65% with different types of headaches. The prevalence of persistent post-stroke headaches from 7-23%, with follow-up times ranging from 3 months to 3 years after stroke. Persistent headache in the population was associated with high depression and fatigue scores and significantly impacted returning to work. Most headaches at stroke onset will resolve, persistent headaches are a real entity even years after the stroke. The mechanism that might explain the relationship between headache and hemorrhagic stroke is still unclear, including changes in blood vessel walls supported by endothelial dysfunction in migraine sufferers as well as comorbid vascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension or platelet dysfunction. Headache after stroke intracerebral hemorrhage is believed to be the result of vasoconstriction that causes ischemia of the vessel wall.


Understanding the risks and consequences of military service in fragile regions is a vital concern facing veterans and policymakers in Germany (and many other nations). Researchers, health professionals, politicians and the news media are actively discussing this contentious topic. A key point in the debate is the psychological well-being of discharged servicemen. The purpose of this column is to offer a perspective on prevalent opinions and evidence regarding the question: What are the risks of deployment in a fragile region for the psychological health of military personnel?


The overall objective of the project is to find the reason why social networking sites are eagerly creating free widgets that can be embedded to any website. Apparently these widgets are free, but it has already been proven that these small applications' purpose is to collect data of the visitors and help social networking sites to create a better profile of their users. This paper contains the base of a current research on what information is available of the website visitors and how social sites can use this data.


Abstract – This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based output power smoothing method of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) using the inertia of wind turbine. The generator-side converter controls the generator torque of the PMSG, while the grid-side inverter controls the DC-link and grid voltages, respectively. For the generator-side converter, the torque command is determined by using the fuzzy logic. Inputs the fuzzy logic are the operating point of the rotational speed of the PMSG and the difference between the wind turbine torque and the generator torque. By means of the proposed method, the generator torque can be smoothed and the kinetic energy stored by the inertia of the wind turbine can be utilized to smooth the power fluctuations of the PMSG, and the wind turbine's shaft stress is mitigated compared to a conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical simulations.


Redundancy allocation is a widely used method for the
reliability improvement of complex embedded systems in the
automotive domain. The allocation of redundant components can
affect other non-functional quality attributes of the system,
which are as important as reliability and very often
conflicting with each other, such as cost and response time.
Consequently, to find the good system design options,
multi-objective optimisation methods can be employed which find
a trade-off between these conflicting attributes. While cost
and reliability have been already studied in the context of an
optimisation problem, the impact of redundancy allocation to
the response time has not yet been considered. The approach
taken in this paper, considers reliability, cost and response
time as optimisation criteria and employs a multi-objective Ant
Colony Optimisation algorithm to find the near optimal set of
system designs. Our approach has been implemented in the
ArcheOpterix framework and illustrated with a case study from
the automotive industry.


Background: An important component of brain tissue damage is apoptotic neuronal death. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein, which inhibits the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor are known for their neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to compare the effect of standard therapy, ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 , and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (simvastatin 40 mg/day) on serum Bcl-2 levels, clinical outcome, and reduction of hospital stay. Methods: Sixty subjects with moderate head injury without any indication for surgery were taken consecutively and separated into three groups: standard treatment only (control group), standard treatment combined with ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 , and standard treatment combined with inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Blood samples were taken on day-1 and day-5 from each subject for measurement of Bcl-2 concentration. Barthel Index and MMSE were measured at discharge and hospital length of stay was noted. Difference in mean was analyzed with one way ANOVA and correlation between Bcl-2 and clinical outcome was measured with Pearson correlation test. Results: Bcl-2 serum levels on day-1 and day-5 were tespectively as follows: in control group were 1.39 ± 0.75 and 1.48 ± 0.77 ng/mL; in ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 group 1.39 ± 0.70 and 3.70 ± 1.01 ng/mL which was significantly higher compared to other groups and associated with the shortest length of stay. In simvastatin group, 1.53 ± 0.55 and 2.17 ± 0.56 ng/mL. We found the length of stay in the ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 group to be significantly shorter (p < 0.001). The correlation of clinical outcome (Barthel index and MMSE) with serum Bcl-2 levels was not significant. Conclusion: ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 significantly increased serum Bcl-2 concentration in head injury and associated with shorter length of stay. An increase of serum Bcl-2 concentration was also found in simvastatin group, but it was not significant. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:221-6. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.604) Keywords: ACTH 4-10 Pro 8 Gly 9 Pro 10 , Bcl-2, traumatic brain injury


An Early Discharge Programme (EDP) for medically uncomplicated obstetric patients operated from three hospitals in Sydney's western suburbs. A number of women who were eligible for this programme declined to take part. This study investigated the reasons why some women chose to remain longer in hospital rather than go home early with domiciliary midwifery support.

The results showed a lack of awareness and information about the EDP, particularly among women from non-English speaking backgrounds. A substantial proportion of the women had no help with housework or child-care and would have used the EDP if home help was available. One characterstic which distinguished EDP participants from EDP non-participants was parity; a higher proportion of women who chose not to take early discharge were first-time mothers.

In order to increase participation rates, women should be provided with more information about the EDP and home help should be made available to those in need.


The paper presents the case of a student (Nat) who participated in a semester long study which investigated the impact of using concept maps and vee diagrams on students' understanding of advanced mathematics topics. Through the construction of concept maps and vee diagrams, Nat realized that there was a need for him to deeply reflect on what he really knows, determine how to use what he knows, identify when to use which knowledge, and be able to justify why using valid mathematical arguments. He found that simply knowing formal definitions and mathematical principles verbatim did not necessarily guarantee an in-depth understanding of the complexity of inter-connections and inter-linkages between mathematical concepts and procedures. During seminar presentations and one-on-one consultations, Nat found that using the constructed concept maps and vee diagrams greatly facilitated discussions, critiques, dialogues and communication. The paper discusses the results from this case study and some implications for teaching mathematics.


According to the analysis of the rerouting technology and the protection switching model for path recovery in MPLS Traffic Engineering,and the IPv6's properties,this paper propose a mechanism of rerouting and forwarding priority-based, Priority-MPLS(P-MPLS). It can set different priority for data flow,when working link is fail data flows with high priority will be transferred to protective link first.So the data flow with high priority can get enough QoS.The simulation results show that P-MPLS can decrease delay and drop loss rate,and increase throughput.


Titanium(IV) chloride catalyses efficiently the three-component condensation reaction of an aldehyde, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound and urea or thiourea to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-ones and thiones in high yields.


Boostrix Tetra ® is an inactivated booster vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio for adults and children over four years of age who have completed their primary immunisations. 1 It contains an adult dose of diphtheria and acellular pertussis antigens, in combination with poliomyelitis and tetanus antigens. 1

Boostrix Tetra ® can be used in place of the tetanus toxoid vaccine to manage tetanus-prone injuries. In this instance, the individual must have previously received a primary vaccination series against tetanus and also requires a booster dose against diphtheria, pertussis and polio. 1


The Λ and Δ enantiomers of three luminescent europium(iii) complexes selectively stain the mitochondria and lysosomes of living cells respectively.


The thesis consists of four essays of independent interest which make theoretical and empirical contributions to the fields of monetary economics and economic integration. The first essay studies the implications of measurement bias in inflation for the conduct of monetary policy. In a business cycle model with product entry and a stabilization role for monetary policy, measurement bias in inflation originates from a failure of the statistical authority to account for new products in time. Measurement bias depends systematically on the state of the business cycle and dampens inflation volatility but increases inflation persistence. If not accounted for by monetary policy, inflation mismeasurement results in too little inflation stabilization. The second essay points to a tension between stylized facts and the standard monetary model concerning money demand. Whereas the evidence for dynamic money demand is overwhelming, money demand in the standard model remains static. I reconcile the standard model with dynamic money demand and revisit the optimal monetary policy problem in the modified model. Even though dynamic money demand implies that money matters a lot for social welfare, monetary policy should pay little attention to money. This result relates to the ongoing debate on the monetary policy strategy of the European Central Bank. The third essay considers the catch up process of new European Union (EU) member states. New EU member states experience real exchange rate appreciation and, at the same time, terms of trade which improve vis á vis the euro area. Whereas the two-country two-goods real business cycle model cannot explain both facts simultaneously, I show that it can once one accounts for endogenous product variety. This finding suggests that the fundamental driving force behind the sustainable catch up process in new EU member states is a form of productivity which boosts product variety rather than product quantity. Essay number four empirically uncovers the effect of the common European currency on trade. Empirical models set up to analyze the trade effect of the euro are often restrictive. Jointly with Helmut Herwartz, we pursue a more general approach to estimate the When, How Fast and by How Much of adjustment in euro area trade. We find gradual trade creation between the years 2000 and 2003 and document that assumptions with respect to the timing of the change in trade matter for conclusions about the size of this change.


Water issues have been high on the political agenda of the states in Central Asia since their independence in 1991. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan inherited a challenging legacy of regionally integrated but imbalanced water governance, deteriorated water management infrastructure harnessed for cotton monoproduction and an environmental and socio-economic disaster of the Aral Sea from the Soviet Union. In order to avoid dislocations in the turbulence of independence, the states signed the Almaty Agreement in February 1992 where they established the Soviet Era energy-water allocations, promising to refrain from unilateral actions and to promote exchange of information. The states also saw a need to continue regional administration, and thus preserved the Soviet-time Basin Valley Organizations (BVOs) for Syr Darya and Amu Darya and created an Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC). These initial decisions to retain the Soviet management status-quo have been followed by a number of proclamations by the states about the water reform. However, reformative changes to combat the water crisis have not been able to overcome the dysfunctions in the established system. Since the downstream states have struggled in the economic transition from over-reliance on water-consuming cotton to more


Abstract In Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (Rich.) De Laubenfels (Podocarpus d.) study of the arrangement of the microspores at the tetrad stage reveals that the two pairs of sister-microspores cross at an angle of about 90°, and each microspore has one apex of its triangular aperture orientated towards the sister-microspore and the other two apices face the opposite direction. Consequently, the twelve aperture apices of the tetrad meet two and two at six points. At the first stage of development the rugulate processes on the proximal face observed in SEM are very marked, and the arms of the triradiate ridge are pronounced and sinuous; at the further stages, however, the sexine of the central part becomes more or less smooth, and the arms of the triradiate ridge become straight and less visible, or disappear. A hypothesis is proposed to tentatively explain this unusual sculptural development.


The Songa - Wayua geothermal area is located in the middle of Bacan Island, North Maluku Province. Indication of geothermal potential in the area is characterized by surface thermal features, such as hot springs, fumaroles, mud pools, hot grounds, steaming grounds, silica sinter and altered rock. The surface features are Pelepele Besar/ utara, Pelepele Kecil/ selatan, Babale Langsa/ Lansa, Pado pado/ Tawa and Wayaua. Their temperatures vary between 45.1 101.6 0 C, and they have a normal pH of hot water acids, of about 6,54 - 6,99. The geothermal manifestations here are covered by volcanic and metamorphic rocks, which are associated with the N 330o E lineament of recent volcanics. All hot waters represent a high concentration of chloride. Two samples derived from immature waters, while three others are in partial equilibrium. The geothermometer calculation for the thermal reservoir beneath the area varies between 221 and 254° C. The relation between hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios of thermal spring waters in Songa-Wayaua shows enriched 18 O content, it lies reality distance from the MWL (meteoric water line). This means all hot spring waters are presumably derived from a reservoir beneath the geothermal manifestations.


Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) usually have small radar cross-sections (RCS) and may be missed by conventional radars in a multi-target environment. Data fusion from more sensors and radars having different characteristics seems a promising solution to the problem. In this paper, we present the application of a radar/sensor fusion and processing architecture that combines the returns of conventional and harmonic radar and internal and external car sensors in order to improve the detection and tracking of VRUs. Road users (RU) having low RCS are not easily detected by the conventional radar returns, especially when they are very close to a larger RCS target. The harmonic radar returns are less affected by noise, clutter, or dense environments and focus only on RUs wearing harmonic tags (reflectors). By early fusing different radar types (conventional, harmonic, LRR, SRR) with other external or internal sensors (car dynamics, IR, etc.), a more accurate detection and tracking of the RUs is achieved, as well as, a proper classification of the detected VRUs at a higher Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) fusion level.


The hot compression behavior of Mg-9Gd-3Y (GW93) alloy was investigated by carrying out isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature range of 300–450°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1s−1. Considering the influence of the strain on the formability of the GW93 alloy, three-dimensional (3D) processing maps were established based on the dynamic material model. The 3D processing maps indicate that the formability of the material improved with the decrease of the strain rate and the increase of the heating temperature, and the material at lower heating temperature mostly underwent flow instability. The formable processing region of the hot deformation of the GW93 alloy was concentrated within the temperature range of 380–450°C and the strain rate range of 0.001–0.01 s−1. Subsequently, the 3D processing maps were embedded into the finite element (FE) software DEFORM-3D by means of user subroutines, and the formability of GW93 alloy during the isothermal plane strain forging process was predicted. The FE simulation results revealed that the formability of the material at low strain rate improved compared with that at high strain rate under the same temperature. Finally, an isothermal plane strain forging technological experiment was carried out, and the microstructure of the formed sample was analyzed. The experimental result is in good agreement with that of the numerical simulation. Combined with microstructural observation, the accuracy of the simulation results and the 3D processing maps of the GW93 alloy was verified.


The upcoming space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) can provide status updates relaying for ground user equipment (UEs). However, the SAGIN cannot utilize traditional hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) for reliable transmission due to the high bit error rate (BER) and long propagation latency. In this paper, we propose the age-critical long erasure code-CCSDS file delivery protocol (LEC-CFDP) schemes with the metric of age of information (AoI) to realize timely status updates in dual-hop SAGIN. We first propose the uniform LEC-CFDP (U-LEC-CFDP), where the UE and satellite can uniformly insert one LEC packet in every $(L-1)$ information packets, and the receiver can utilize the LEC packet to recover the lost packets and avoid retransmission. Moreover, the satellite can immediately forward the successively recovered information packets to the destination, named U-LEC-i CFDP, and a close-form expression of peak AoI (PAoI) for the U-LEC-i CFDP is derived. To further improve PAoI, we model a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) problem to analyse optimal $L$ for our dynamic LEC-i CFDP (D-LEC-i CFDP), and design an effective Point-based Informed Bound (PIB) algorithm to update optimal $L$. Simulation results show that the D-LEC-i CFDP scheme can lower the expected end-to-end delay and PAoI in comparison with U-LEC-CFDP schemes.


This paper is intended to inform the user about a software tool called 'url malware detector'. This software will help the user avoid falling prey for drive by download attacks. This tool accepts the url as the input text in a. txt file extension. It lists the files that are downloaded in backend during the process of urlvisitization and scans them on an online malware detection tool and yield the results in a SQLite database and visualizations. The details of the malware present in those files are represented in a graphical format. It uses MD5 hash technique. The paper consists of the detailed analysis of the tool in 5 modules for more comprehensibility. This paper will be helpful for the Inquisitors who wish to learn about prevention of drive by download attacks. This will also prove to be of great importance to people who want to be equipped with the updating of latest security threats while surfing World Wide Web.


The contention phenomenon caused by literary works and literary problems,forms a focal point of literary survival and its development state,reflects the practice of literature exploring positively the inherent vitality and external effects,as well as the sensitive relationship between literature and the times.Therefore,looking back to contemporary Chinese literary development course,there were kinds of contention,argument,or even struggle initiated naturally or organized purposefully.From a unique perspective,we can re-understand and grasp the literature ideological trend production,emotion and the reasons for its rise and fall;literary contention conveys ideological tendencies,literary concepts,aesthetic awareness,critical methods,etc.These constitutes from side ecological history of literary development and literary criticism.


In this paper a digital simulation technique for the analysis of resonance is presented that is appropriate for microcomputer applications. The model utilizes the transfer matrix method to compute, in the frequency domain, the propagation of pressure waves through the system and the establishment of oscillatory flow. It produces results of equal validity to analog simulations at a fraction of the time and cost. The simulation technique has been applied to hydraulic systems as diverse as sludge piping in a wastewater treatment plant, a hydraulic muffler and the emergency cooling system of a nuclear power plant.


ou will learn, in this lesson, about major political theories : liberalism, Marxism and Gandhism. Liberalism and Marxism have caught the attention of the people in most parts of the twentieth century. Liberalism emerged from the Enlightenment, the Glorious revolution in England, the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. It has been with us as the political philosophy of the capitalist West. Marxism rose as a reaction against the liberal-capitalist society. With the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, the last major socialistic/Marxist state, Marxism has lost much of its popularity. Gandhism, while challenging the ideals of both liberalism and Marxism, presents not only a critique of both these ideologies, but also provides relevant alternative theories.


earlier, but there was no disposition either to let American business interests suffer in any way from the transfer of sovereignty. Hence, spokesmen of those interests succeeded in getting through Congress, over the protests of leading members of the Truman administration, a quasi-colonial measure known as the Philippine Trade Act of 1946. The announced purpose of the act, revival of the war-ravaged economy as a necessary prelude to self-sufficiency, was to be achieved by restoring, at least temporarily, all the old duty-free trade ties with the United States and by granting special privileges and protections to American investors in the islands. Mrs. Jenkins is at her best in the chapters in which she analyzes the provisions of this act, dissects the arguments of those who supported and opposed it, explains the method by which Congress bulldozed the Philippines into accepting it (approval of its terms was made a condition of receiving over $100 million in war-damage compensation payments!), and describes the stormy course of its reception and ultimate ratification in the Philippines. Somewhat less satisfying are the final chapters, which attempt to give a running account of economic conditions in the young republic through 1952. On the whole they merely list things rather than explain them. They record the painfully slow return to prewar production levels of all commodities except copra, the failure of American capital to invest in the Philippines despite the inducements of the Trade Act, the government's sluggishness in the face of urgently needed economic reform and development, and many other problems and difficulties. It is hard to find meaningful comments by the author on the causes of these economic troubles or on their relation to American policy; in the main, she contents herself with quotations from the reports of economic survey groups like the Bell mission of 1950. It is also curious that she gives so little space to the Huk revolt—surely a major factor in the economic malaise of this period. Fortunately an excellent introduction by Claude A. Buss remedies this defect. HENRY WELLS, University of Puerto Rico


To the development and run environment problem of the real-time telemetry and control software system,the function and important role of the hardware timing equipment in the course of real-time telemetry and control as well as the time managing method of the real-time operation system are introduced simply.To analyze and demonstrate two key technology of the software unify-time design,the main function design of software unify-time is described,and the control flow chart which is convenient to the program design is provided.


Fresh vegetables, fruits and fresh meat are one of the basic needs for human life. The need for fresh vegetables, fruits and meat is one of the most important factors for buyers before making a purchase transaction. Likewise with the needs of fresh vegetables, fruit and meat needed by restaurants, cafes, hospitals, hotels and so on. With the increasing number of requests from customers for the needs of fresh vegetables, fruit and meat, companies engaged in the supply and sale of these necessities need to record sales transactions so that there are no stock vacancies and excess stock of goods. Therefore, companies must be more careful in providing fresh vegetables, fruits and meat which are in great demand, so it needs a data processing in the form of data mining using the C4.5 algorithm. In this study, the predicted sales transactions are the last three months of January, February and March 2021. Then for the sales prediction criteria used are in the form of price, type of goods, type of unit and month of sale so that from these criteria can be obtained sales transactions that are selling or not selling. Data mining is a process of mining important information from a very large data. While the C4.5 algorithm is a data classification that has numeric and categorical attributes, where the results of the classification process in the form of rules can be used to predict the value of discrete type attributes from new records. The system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL as the database. This study obtained predictive results which were implemented in the form of a decision tree, namely the category of types of vegetables belonging to the best-selling sales transactions.


In this paper, we discussed the investment portfolio optimization using linear programming model based on genetic algorithms. It is assumed that the portfolio risk is measured by absolute standard deviation, and each investor has a risk tolerance on the investment portfolio. To complete the investment portfolio optimization problem, the issue is arranged into a linear programming model. Furthermore, determination of the optimum solution for linear programming is done by using a genetic algorithm. As a numerical illustration, we analyze some of the stocks traded on the capital market in Indonesia. Based on the analysis, it is shown that the portfolio optimization performed by genetic algorithm approach produces more optimal efficient portfolio, compared to the portfolio optimization performed by a linear programming algorithm approach. Therefore, genetic algorithms can be considered as an alternative on determining the investment portfolio optimization, particularly using linear programming models.


When airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data is acquired as a streamed or time-series data set, the great redundancy in the data favours compression as a first step in processing. Traditional data compression schemes are time windowing and spatial averaging. An alternative, more efficient data compression scheme is to transform time or frequency domain data to time-constant tau space, which has the effect of removing the waveform dependence of the AEM response. When there are many local anomalies and a variable background, the next stage of rapid processing is to transform the response to a conductivity-depth image (CDI) to facilitate geological interpretation of the background response. Use of the full time range of recorded data, particularly the inclusion of on-time data, improves the stability of the CDI process. The final AEM data processing step for mineral exploration is to assess the likelihood that any local anomaly corresponds to a desired economic target. This step involves the extraction of target geometry and conductivity information from the AEM data. The only economically feasible route at the present time is to parameterise both the data (using inductive and resistive limits) and the model to allow inversion of the local anomalies. A fit to one or two plate-like conductors can be achieved in seconds; fits to a block-like body take minutes on a fast PC. A significant research challenge remains to speed up and stabilise this process.


The coming of 3G era, bringing wider bandwidth and higher transmission rate, has also given many challenges to mobile operators. Mobile operators' monopoly role in the value chain has been weakened. In order to create new value and consolidate of monopoly role, mobile operators have to change the existing business model. This paper reviews the articles of the value chain and business model of m-commerce to disclosure the importance of business model innovation to mobile operators in the m-commerce value network. Since there is little consensus on how to conduct business model innovation, this thesis suggests that it can be expressed as a combination of three basic types of innovation. And introduce a new value generating business model based on ADC/MAS model of China mobile provide to enterprises with low/high penetration of information.


In order to improve the block area and damage probability to targets, a new type warhead of circumferential cutter is presented. The optimization simulation is designed for the circumferential cutter warhead by using LS-DYNA finite element software. The detonation mode and the liner curvature radius are two important factors, which influence the formation process of circumferential cutting warhead. The result shows that priority should be given to use the upper and lower ends at the same time blasting technique. The shaped charge liner curvature radius and shot elevation ratio should be controlled in between 0.9 and 1.1.The warhead can be envisaged to achieve the desire of circumferential cutting.


The invention discloses a composite material capable of replacing ABS and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises the following components: a stiffening agent, a toughening agent, a reinforcing agent, a surfactant and a processing agent. The composite material has low manufacturing cost, and has the price equal to general plastic PP, PE, PS and the like; and the price of the composite material is just 70 percent of that of ABS engineering plastic. Through detection, the density, the dimension stability, the surface brightness and all kinds of mechanical properties of the composite material are basically equal to those of the ABS engineering plastic; and the composite material can replace the ABS completely to be applied in the fields of home appliances, electrical appliances, toy products for children and the like.


The current knowledge regarding effects of organic food on health is unclear. In this study we have focused to yield a consolidated knowledge on health related aspects of organic food. We searched for the MeSH term "organic food" in Pubmed search engine (other terms used for search are: Organic food-18296 articles, organic food and health-4018 articles). Studies done on organic food, related to health, free full papers available in English were included for review. From the total of 2,215 articles, 1805 were excluded due to studies which were not related to organic food, studies without abstracts. Out of remaining 410 studies, 338 studies were excluded due to nonavailability of full studies. Finally, 32 studies were selected after removal of articles not related to health. Out of 38 studies included, 9 studies focused on humans, in which 3 studies showed decreased pesticide content, 6 studies showed decreased risk of pre-eclampsia, hypospadias, cardiovascular diseases, etc. 14 studies focused on nutritional quality which showed increased lutein, PUFA and n-3 PUFA, antioxidants, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties, etc. A total 9 studies focused on microbiological aspects which showed increased prevalence of microbial contamination, increased antibiotic susceptibility, etc. From the available studies, the effect of organic food on health is not convincing enough to recommend widely. More follow-up studies on humans, with large sample size might possibly enlighten the concept of organic food and its effect on health in future.


scientific side. He asks if alcohol is a special indication in the production of the highest form of physical efficiency, or he will accept an assurance that by its use efficiency may be reduced. We are entitled to inform him that there is no evidence that alcohol is a good food for muscular work and that Starling's experiments showed a depressant action upon the mammalian heart, dilatation of the ventricles occurring if the percentage in the blood reached 0.06. Attwater and Benedict's laboratory observations upon the efficiency of the body as a machine29.55 per cent. without alcohol and 25.62 per cent. with alcohol-have been confirmed by investigations during mountain climbing.


Expectile regression produces the best linear unbiased estimator for regression lines other than the mean regression in model designs with asymmetric conditional variance of the error term. In some cases where OLS assumptions are violated, an expectile regression estimator is also the BLUE for the mean regression: we give three examples. Expectile regression is the BLUE for quantile regression coefficients in special cases where they are equal. But expectiles can be used in some models where quantiles are not helpful, such as binary response models. In those cases, expectile regression is the new best option.


The present invention discloses a battery locking tie means, which is mounted on a portable electronic products, battery case, tied to lock dedicated battery, comprising a battery cover, the battery latch member, the pusher, a tension spring and torsion spring, wherein battery latch member has a locking portion and a cuff portion can be engaged or released by the battery latch; pusher end is formed with a limiting structure engagement portion may be cooperating with the battery locking member and the other end may be formed a contact portion contacting the bottom of the battery; torsion spring can be tied so that the lock latch portion of the battery does, and the tension generated by the tension spring so as to have a certain engaging force between the engaging portion and the stopper structure, when it is desired to release the battery turned on battery latch member means of the retaining structure engaging force can be maintained in the open state locking member, thus facilitating the user operation.


There is much inconvenience in measuring particle siz e distribution by experiments at present,because of droplets movement complexity in spray drying.So in this article,we bring forward a method-particle trajector y analysis,which simulates droplets forces and heat and mass transfer with air,t races movement trajectories of particles by time-increasing method and moving co ordination,and then establishes a mathematicle model with data from sampling of experimental plates,to obtain droplet size distribution.


Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) and Ultra-Dense Network(UDN) are two key technologies in next-generation network. UDN can bring a lot of convenience to MEC because small cells in UDN are close to users. However, the integration of these two technologies may bring many problems and one of the problems is task offloading. In this paper, we consider a practical application that contains many dependent subtasks. Some of these subtasks can be executed in parallel. We model the application as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). The UE decides which subtask should be uploaded to which AP. We formulate this problem as a scheduling problem, which is NP-hard. In order to solve this problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on the list scheduling algorithm, called Unified Minimum Finish Time Algorithm. This algorithm jointly considers transmission time between APs and offloading time from UE to APs. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve performance (compared to three baseline policies).


Field experiments were conducted using five selected cassava cultivars in 2014 and 2015 years at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria to determine variability for drought resistance among five cassava cultivars through estimating heritability of yield and yield components, genetic advance, correlation coefficients of yield contributing traits. The experiments were conducted as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Twelve competitive plants were selected from the middle row of plots for data collection. Data collected include plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves, number of branches/plant, average number of tuber/plant, average tuber length, total tuber weight/plant and yield/ha. Slight to high differences were observed between the Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV). Phenotypic variances for the characters under study were higher than genotypic variances in the years, indicating high influence of the environment which allows for the selection of character combinations and pools for genetic gain. This study revealed that indigenous cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivars used in this experiment showed better growth responses in dry weather conditions, an indication that the cultivars posses some strains in their genetic constitution that may be useful in developing improved drought resistant varieties of cassava.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (2), 145-153


This article proposes an analysis of a sequence of the film The rightStuff, 1983, by Philip Kaufman, making from it a parallel with the text of Tom Wolfe in the book-entry of the same name, which inspired the film. Based on concepts from rhetoric and literary theory - read ekphrasis and fanopeia - which deal with literary representations of images and vice-versa, we intend to seek similarities and differences between works in different art forms - literature and cinema. The intention is to create a system of representation, which passes through the directos's imaginary to interpret and adapt the book by Tom Wolfe, who used the literary journalism to register the odyssey Mercury Project and the mission of the first NASA astronauts.


The purpose of the work is to analyze the pilgrimage as a tourist and religious phenomenon from the point of view of historical, cultural and social development of society. It is noted that religious tourism is becoming increasingly important and popular in Russia. The issues related to the provision of relevant needs of the population are discussed. The paper discusses the development of religious tourism in modern society by the example of Novosibirsk pilgrimage center, the problem of information, social and psychological nature, facing the center staff is identified. Recommendations for the organization, optimization and improvement the performance of the pilgrimage center in Novosibirsk within the integration of religious and tourist are purposed. It established the necessity of consolidating the efforts of all stakeholders: government, public and social institutions, representatives of religious confessions, which is the area of application of research results.


Classification is a technique in data mining for categorizing objects. Text Classification is re-challenged for classifying very short documents or text as shown in social media collection. This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of classification on short documents. In this work, we expand words in every document before the documents are classified We use TFIDF model, Hidden Markov Model k-means clustering, and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) for expanding documents. The results show that extending document term by just 1 word will increase its accuracy, while extending by 2,4, and 8 words tend to give stable results.