The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of science-based STEAM astronomical learning program on space perception ability and scientific attitudes. For this study the 5 grade, 2 class was divided into a research group and a comparative group. The class was pre-tested in order to ensure t...


Immunocytochemical staining of alternate consecutive sections revealed that neurons with vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei had beta-adrenergic receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rats.


Background: Impulse oscillometry is technique valid for measuring the lung
 function in obstructive lung diseases and bronchial provocation tests.
 However, no consensus exists for its use. The aim of the study was to assess
 impulse oscillometry sensitivity for detection of early airways changes
 during bronchial provocation testing and to compare with changes obtained
 with spirometry and bodyplethysmography in male army recruits. Method: male
 military recruits were submitted to bronchial provocation test with histamine
 by aerosol provocation system. In a study of 52 male military recruits in
 which attempts are made to establish the diagnosis of asthma included 31
 subjects with fall of FEV1 above 20%. The changes of impulse oscillometry
 were measured one step before and after bronchoprovocation and compared with
 the changes of bodyplethysmography and spirometry. Results: The average age
 of male army recruits was 23, 3 year. After bronchoprovocation there was an
 average increased of total R5 by 66.6%, Fres by 102.2%, AX by 912.1%, the Raw
 by 121.5%, and a decreased in X5 by 132.1% and FEV1 by 25.6%. One step before
 last inhaled of PD20 there was an average increased of 26.7% for R5, 24.1%
 for Fres, 85.3% for AX, Raw for 11.9% and a decreased in X5 by 26.9% and FEV1
 by 4,3%. A correlation between impulse oscillometry and bodyplethysmography
 parameters was obtained. Conclusion: In this paper is demonstrated sufficient
 sensitivity of impulse oscillometry to detect changes in airways and may play
 a complementary role in diagnosis of asthma in male military recruits.


The demand for Building Maintenance is on the increase all over the world; Nigeria a developing nation with its drive towards upgrading from a third world country isn't left behind. Preservation of public buildings against possible future breakdowns so as to keep in good state and fit into the urban context is a goal that must be achieved in this paper. The maintenance of public buildings is of paramount importance as it's the next on the gliding scale of urbanization after the conversion of slums to cities. The research is aimed at assessing the Hotel in its functional state and highlighting factors limiting adequate maintenance process, in carrying out these study, primary data are to be collected from Hotel management staffs of each unit with the aid of a well structured close ended questionnaire, the (guest) current users of the Hotel are to be interviewed using an interview schedule. Secondary data in relation to building maintenance of the study area are to be gotten from Niger state ministry of works, department of public buildings. The data collected are to be analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings and deductions are to be gotten. The conclusive part of this research highlights the need for an effective implementable maintenance process of Shiroro Hotel Minna that takes cognizance of the users during decision making and implementation of maintenance management programs, it would also possibly propose a maintenance policy towards guarding the adequate implementations of these maintenance processes, the research would also come up with a model for carrying out adequate maintenance process with minimum effects on the users. Keywords . Hotel, user opinion, Maintenance process, User satisfaction.


The monotony in the continuous development of cities in China and the similarities between city public spaces lead to the disappearance of the affinity and belongings of people. In such city public places, people feel difficult in recognizing physical spaces and the cultural characteristics for self existence. Consequently, they feel puzzled and lost. Therefore, we should respect and discover the regional information in the design and construction of public free places to create a public free place full of characteristic cultural features. People will identify the physical locations, identify the cultural characteristics and regional attributes through these information. Only through these can people feel attached to the cities belonged in today's global culture of different styles.


Thirty years after the 1982 Falklands war, Britain's capacity to defend the Falkland Islands from Argentina has been repeatedly challenged by former military leaders and analysts. Concern has been driven by three factors: significant British defence cuts, the discovery of substantial hydrocarbon reserves in the waters around the Falklands, and increasingly bellicose Argentine rhetoric and actions. This paper uses campaign analysis tools to evaluate Argentina's capacity to successfully attack the Falklands and the British capacity to defend against such an attack. In contrast to recent analyses, I argue that Argentina's ability to successfully attack the Falklands is limited. I first lay out the debate over Britain's capacity to defend the Falklands. Second, I lay out a series of assumptions, and the three requirements that any Argentine attack would need to meet to be successful: neutralising British air superiority; getting troops onto the islands; and getting enough troops onto the islands to threaten the Mount Pleasant airfield. I then assess Argentina's ability to meet these requirements. Although there are inevitably uncertainties involved in assessing complex military contingencies, it is hard to make a persuasive case that Argentina could meet any of the requirements, let alone all three. This paper focuses only on the military element of the threat posed by Argentina to the Falklands. It does not, therefore, consider the many important political, economic and societal factors that play into both Argentine and British strategy. Thus, the conclusion of the paper lays out the implications of my analysis for broader considerations of British or Argentine strategy with respect to the Falklands. Although the current British military posture is appropriate, concern over whether Britain can defend the islands militarily has distracted attention from the need for a comprehensive and flexible political strategy for the Falklands. In particular, a political strategy is needed to counter a possible


The ultimate objective of public policy is to improve people's lives and wellbeing now, and into the future. Yet traditional environmental, social and economic policies are clearly failing to generate the changes needed to address persistent and increasing dis-advantage facing many people and the communities they live in. This is unacceptable in a country as rich in human and natural resources as Aotearoa New Zealand.


Metallothionein 3 (MT3) is an important biochemical mediator regulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes including neuron cell protection, privation of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage, and protection against light induced retinal damage. In this study, a human gene encoding for MT3 with c-terminal extension of His6-tag was inserted into vector pPICZaA, and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris strain X-33. The rhMT3 was purified by one step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography yielding 270 mg/L of over 90% purity. Functional analysis of the purified rhMT3 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry demonstrated that it has biological function, binding with metal ions Cd, Cu and Zn. In summary, the experimental procedure we have developed facilitates production of large amounts of an active rhMT3 for further research and drug development. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This study attempts to find the correlation between the coverage of social issues of women by Pakistani elite press and the preferences of its readers regarding the coverage. The results show that Pakistani elite press has its own policy to give space and prominence by covering social issues of women in its contents and its readers are not agreed with its policy. The policy adopted by both dailies is different from each other. The News did not give more space and prominence to the issues in its coverage. The issues of murder and rape are on the top in the list of the agenda of The News. On the other hand, The daily Dawn has a policy to highlight the issues by covering them with more space and prominence. The issues of murder and women rights are on the top in the list of the agenda of Dawn. While in perspective of audience characteristics, the readers those higher in age, education, belong to social sciences, female, and married comparatively have more correspondence with the agenda of the dailies. The issues of murder, rape, and women rights have received maximum coverage by Pakistani elite press in overall coverage. Keywords: Elite, Newspapers, Women, Social, Issues, Dawn, News


The current study aims to demonstrate a Private Anatolian High School students' tendencies towards the issue of mother tongue (L1) use in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. The study was conducted in the 2016-2017 academic year. The data were collected through the questionnaire developed by Prodromou (2002). 96 Private Anatolian High School students participated in the study. The motive for investigating this subject lies within the fact that using translation or code switching has been a subject of debate throughout the language history. Although some studies assert the idea that the use of the mother tongue (L1) should be forbidden in classes due to the conflicts in students' minds especially when they are thinking a word's equal meaning in their L1, others claim that the use of learners' mother tongue in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes can sometimes be helpful for the learning process Nowadays, researchers highlight that the importance of English-only attitudes has been declining. In the light of these views, a descriptive study was conducted to bring about the students' perceptions of L1 use while learning English in EFL classes. Findings revealed that, in parallel with most studies on this issue, students seemed willing to use their mother tongue.


The article outlines a first inquiry on American visual sources arrived in Italy - especially in Rome - between the '50s and the beginning of the '60s. A new contribution came from the analysis of the art reviews of the time and the circulation of the reproductions of artworks by Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns and more specifically Mark Rothko.


The Diabetes Mellitus is a prevailing medical condition worldwide (6%) and also in Pakistan. Infection in the orofacial wounds of these patients is common. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of diabetese mellitus on the healing process of alveolar sockets/bone after tooth removal. Eighteen diabetic patients with chronic jaw bone infections were examined and managed in oral and maxillofacial surgery department of de,Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore from 2009 to 2013. All patients gave history of tooth extraction about two months earlier. Orthopantomograph (OPG) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Fourteen patients (77.77%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents, four did not know their diabetic status, four patients (22.22%) were on intermediate acting insulin. All patients were managed under general anesthesia for involucrum sequestrectomy followed by primary closure. One insulin dependent patient with radiated lower jaw developed osteomyelitis after tooth extraction and was also on bisphosphonate medication followed by breast cancer surgery. This patient was operated twice to resolve the osteomyelitis of the lower jaw in follow up six months. It was concluded that diabetese effects the healing of sockets after tooth removal.


The replacement of dietary marine fish oil with vegetable oils was examined in Asian seabass juveniles ( Lates calcarifer , Centropomidae), over the course of a 7-week feeding trial. Four fish meal-based diets were formulated to contain iso-ingredients but with different sources of lipid including refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO), soybean oil (SBO) and canola oil (CNO), and their performance was compared with the control diet (FO) which contained cod liver oil as the added lipid source. The experimental diets were fed until satiation twice a day to triplicate groups of 12 fish in cylindrical cages that were placed in a 20 tonne polyethylene seawater tank. Fish fed diet RBDPO had significantly higher (P<0.05) weight gain than other fish groups at the end of feeding trial. The feed conversion ratio of diet RBDPO (1.52) was not significantly different from the control diet (1.53), and this value was better than the other experimental diets (1.98 in SBO and 1.75 in CNO). High survival rates of seabass juveniles were observed in the present study (95.5 to 100%) and were not affected by the dietary treatments. In view of the availability and competitive price of palm oil in the global market, it can be concluded that palm oil can be an excellent source of lipid in the commercial feed of Asian seabass.


We consider meromorphic univalent strongly starlike and strongly Bazilevic functions that are bi-univalent and we find coefficient estimates for these types of functions. A function is said to be strongly starlike bi-univalent or strongly Bazilevic bi-univalent if both the function and its inverse are strongly starlike univalent or strongly Bazilevic univalent.


This paper measures and analyzes the sound field distribution when 6135 generators sets are running identifie the main noise source through sound intensity measurement,and designs out the corresponding low-noise module structure in view of the characteristics of spectrum and distribution of noise.


Ambient air quality standard between China and America was compared in the fields of function determination, standard's level, pollutant's item, sample time and mass concentration limit etc. The reaction frequency in America was higher than in China, pollutant's control item was less than China, and the standard's level and mass concentration limit were broader than China. But the control of PM)2.5) was more important in America.


Purpose:  This original exploratory research study was to examine the influence of children's pestering on parents buying process called as pester power.

Methodology: Data were collected from 654 respondents of 6-15 years age group children and their parents using non-probability samplings through survey and interview methods by a structured questionnaire, from two states of Andhra Pradesh and the Telanagna States of India. Finally, 437 (66.8%) samples data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS and AMOS package using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings: The study results revealed that entertainment, advertisement likability, content credibility, quality information and celebrity endorsement had a significant impact on children's pestering power, that affects their parents buying process. Families who want to shield their kids from needless commercial exploitation have a clear understanding of their problems, and the legislature must take crucial measures to control such advertisements to protect children, parents and society. Business people and media advertisers must focus on children attracting ads to provide quality, reliable, accurate and timely information about products as well as employing likeable and popular celebrity endorsement in the TV advertisements.

Novelty: The study helpful to marketer and advertiser to build strong advertising strategy improve the consumer retention.


Inspired by representations used in music cognition studies and computational musicology, we propose three simple and interpretable descriptors for use in mid- to high-level computational analysis of musical audio and applications in content-based retrieval. We also argue that the task of scalable cover song retrieval is very suitable for the de- velopment of descriptors that effectively capture musical structures at the song level. The performance of the proposed descriptions in a cover song problem is presented. We further demonstrate that, due to the musically-informed nature of the descriptors, an independently established model of stability and variation in covers songs can be integrated to improve performance.


Both ICRF-159 and methyl-CCNU are agents with antitumor activity against gastrointestinal carcinoma; hence the exploration of this combination for possible synergism. Results of the study involving 19 patients show that bone marrow toxicity is the limiting factor for this combination of drugs. Moreover, a dose of 130 mg/mg of MeCCNU with 800 mg/m2/day of ICRF is well tolerated.


A vertical-type heat treating furnace apparatus and a method for controlling a transfer mechanism in the vertical-type heat treating apparatus are provided to prevent damage of wafers and a boat by installing a vibration sensor on a transfer mechanism. A holder(9) holds plural objects to be processed at vertical intervals, and is loaded into a heat treating furnace(3). A transfer mechanism(21) has a base vertically moved and rotated, and a substrate supporter(20) horizontally moved on the base. The transfer mechanism transfers the object between a container(16) and the holder. The controller monitors any information among a feedback position of a motor, a speed and a current, and compares the information with preset information to detect abnormal drive when the transfer mechanism collides.


I discuss the von Neumann entanglement entropy in two-dimensional quantum Lifshitz criical point, namely in Rokhsar-Kivelson type critical wavefunctions. I follow the approach proposed by B. Hsu et al. [Phys. Rev. B 79, 115421 (2009)], but point out a subtle problem concerning compactification of replica boson fields: although one can define a set of new boson fields by linear combinations of the original fields, the new fields are not compactified independently. In order to systematically study boundary conformal field theory of multicomponent free bosons, I employ a geometric formulation based on compactification lattices. The result from the boundary conformal field theory agrees exactly with alternative calculations by J.-M. Stephan et al. [Phys. Rev. B 80, 184421 (2009)], confirming its universality as argued originally by B. Hsu et al.


Abstract The champion of the national history, be it Israelite or modern national history, will be in the worst position to provide anything like an unbiased version of his or hers own society. This also extends to members of religious communities who has since childhood been brought up to believe that the biblical narrative is "true"; — in the modern sense as opposed to "false";. It is to be commended when modern scholars have been able to overcome such mental obstacles and produce valuable historical reconstruction. Examples of such studies are presented relating to the historical development in Israel/Palestine in the transition period.


With the development and application of Internet technology, the logistics industry has entered an unprecedented period of development. In order to achieve environmental, economic and social development, circular economy has been identified as an important part of the national development strategy and the reverse logistics is an important way for the development of circular economy. Based on the related literature review of circular economy and reverse logistics from 2003 to 2017, this paper first summarizes the overall status of domestic research on reverse logistics under the theory of circular economy, and then from the perspectives of the subject and the object, specifically elaborates the research on the implementation of reverse logistics under the circular economy, the author finally combines the actual development of the industry, summarizes the future research directions and priorities of reverse logistics, and hopes to have a certain reference value for research on reverse logistics industry. Keywords—circular economy; reverse logistics; research


We describe content-aware layout (CAL), a technique that automatically arranges windows on a user.s desktop. Unlike conventional window managers that automatically cascade or tile each window without regard to its content, CAL uses information about the contents of windows to help decide if and where they should be placed. We present the approach to designing CAL, as well as its implementation. We then conclude with a discussion about future work and CAL.s potential use in large display environments.


STAFF AT field hospitals set up to treat casualties in the Iraq war often had to leap into trenches in protective clothing, according to two nurses who worked in the gulf.


Disease characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis have changed recently. However, detailed studies on the subject have been limited. Therefore, we aimed to clarify disease characteristics of patients with recent primary biliary cholangitis using the cohort from Niigata University and 21 affiliated hospitals.


Providing health insurance involves a trade-off between the benefits from risk spreading and the costs due to moral hazard. Focusing on pharmaceuticals consumption, this paper examines theoretically whether reference pricing, requiring individuals to pay the price difference if, in this case, they don't buy the cheaper parallel imported drug, can ease this trade-off – an issue which has not previously been pointed out in the debate on health insurance. The results indicate that, if individuals are extremely risk-averse, a policy shift from coinsurance to reference pricing would do this by providing more insurance while decreasing moral hazard.


It is well recognized that there is an association between hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis. However, it is not so easy to define clearly whether lipid abnormalities are the cause or the result of pancreatitis. Generally, a serum level of more than 1,000 mg/dL of triglyceride is an identifiable risk factor of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis in patients with type I, IV, or V hyperlipidemia classified by Fredrick's criteria. The clinical course as well as the management of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis is not different from that of pancreatitis of other causes. A thorough family history of lipid abnormalities should be obtained and an attempt to identify secondary causes should be made. The mainstay of treatment includes dietary restriction of fat and lipid-lowering medications. In Korea, there have been reported several cases of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis but familial history of hyperlipidemia has never been identified. We experienced a case of acute type IV hyperlipidemic pancreatitis in a patient suspected of familial combined hyperlipidemia. So, we report this case with the review of related literature.


Accidents on the roads of the Russian Federation is one of most serious problems. Traffic safety requires the development of additional organizational and preventive measures. The main reason for the high accident rate is the human factor. The existing system of training of drivers is not effective enough and does not cope with its main function ensuring a high quality of the educational process in terms of safety. Insufficient qualifications of the teaching staff, especially in regional centers leads to a lower quality of drivers training. Road safety depends not only on the level of theoretical training, but also from the practical skills of the driver. Level of theoretical and practical training of drivers depends on the quality of pedagogical activity in the driving school. In the Russian Federation urgent problem is the low level of professional skills of faculty and instructors. Development of pedagogical employees of driving schools received little attention. Does not regulate the issues of retraining and professional development of teachers and masters of industrial training. Most trainers do not have higher education, and many of the teaching staff of driving schools until recently did not have special pedagogical training. The scheme avtotrenazhera for instructors, which, according to its characteristics, not only will bring the conditions of learning to real, but will also create the related real conditions of danger. Main advantages avtotrenazhera for the instructors.


The concept and classification of shortcut keys,importance of using shortcut keys and how to set shortcut keys were introduced in this paper.By the use of shortcut keys,the largest bottleneck of raising computer operational efficiency can be broken quickly;a good computer operational habit can be trained.


Here, we investigate the following key prediction of a thermodynamical model that interrelates the defect parameters with the bulk elastic and expansivity data: for various defect processes in a given matrix material, a proportionality exists between defect entropies and enthalpies. The investigation is focused on BaF2 for which ab initio calculations within density functional theory and the generalized-gradient approximation have been recently made as far as the formation and migration of intrinsic defects are concerned, as well as for the elastic constants. Four defect processes have been studied in BaF2: anion Frenkel formation, fluorine vacancy migration, fluorine interstitial motion and electrical relaxation associated with a single tetravalent uranium. For these processes, the entropies and enthalpies vary by almost two orders of magnitude and reveal a proportionality between them. We find that this proportionality is solely governed by the bulk elasticity and expansivity data, which conforms to the aforementioned thermodynamical model.


Ice cream was a dessert food product made from fats of an animal and vegetable. In this research used cow's milk, extract pigeonpea, breadfruit tape and extract dragon fruit peel. Peel of the dragon fruit containing anthocyanin can be
used as natural food colour. The purpose of the research to determine the protein concentration, speed melted and organoleptic ice cream breadfruit tape. The research designed using factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors. Factor 1 extract pigeonpea bean : cow's milk 0 : 100% (K0), 60 : 40% (K1), 50 : 50% (K2) and factor 2 peel of the dragon fruit extract 20% (P1), 15% (P2), 10% (P3).
The results showed that the highest soluble protein content in K0P1 (extract pigeonpea 0%, cow's milk 100%, breadfruit tape 20%, extract dragon fruit peel 20%) to reach 0.673%. Treatment K2P2 (extract pigeonpea 50%, cow's milk 50%,
breadfruit tape 20%, extract dragon fruit peel 15%) have highest melted speed during 1812.67 seconds. Ice cream with treathment K0P2 (extract pigeonpea 0%, cow's milk 100%, breadfruit tape 20%, extract dragon fruit peel 15%) has received the most preferred receptivity panelists with critceria pink colour, aroma somewhat typical tape, slightly sweet taste, texture rather soft.


The potent nature and low dosage of most of the drugs in use today precludes any expectation that the general public could safely obtain the appropriate does of drug from the bulk material. Most drug substances are administered in milligram quantities, much too small to be weighed on anything but a sensitive prescription or electronic analytical balance. From the study which was carried out it was concluded that the S3 batch was selected as the best formulation based on the various evaluation studies. The formulation S3 was compared with a marketed sample of Ambroxol hydrochloride syrup and tablet and it was found that the drug release from the formulated syrup matches the drug release profile of the marketed syrup sample. The drug release from the formulated syrup was higher when compared with that of the marketed tablet sample. Stability studies also concluded that the drug release profile or other parameters did not alter significantly after the accelerated stability studies. Hence a stable ambroxol hydrochloride syrup which had a similarity factor of 93 with the marketed syrup was formulated successfully using sucralose as the sweetening agent. Further work can be continued to make formulations with suitable excipients that can prevent rystallisation and to impart latest techniques to mask the bitter taste of the drug.


Characterized by high reliability,visual operation principle,wide applications,stepper motor drving dam deformation monitoring instruments have been widly used in our country's water conservancy proiects.However,many disadvantages such as poor accuracy,interference caused by long distance singnal transmission are still obvious.In order to solve these problems,a novel stepper motor driving dam deformation monitoring instrument is developed.The operation principle is elaborated.Owing to application of unique structure design and the latest electronic measurement lechniques,its performances are improved and the accuracy can reach ±0.1 mm,that makes it much more practical than ever.


Abstract Abrupt industrialization, urbanization, and the emergence of the nuclear family have contributed to the increase of single-person households, placing an emphasis on individualization in society. Because of such changes, more people are living alone and feeling lonely, alienated from society and family. This research examined the association between loneliness and age-friendly environment, a community equipped with policies, settings, services, and structures that promote active ageing and aging-in-place, with the mediating roles of social support and sense of community. The study analyzed a total of 590 respondents aged 45 and above using data from the age integration survey conducted by the OO Research Institute of South Korea. Structural equation modelling and the bootstrapping method were applied. Age-friendly environment was positively associated with social support (β=0.310,p=0.000) and sense of community (β=0.486,p=0.000). Social support was negatively associated with loneliness (β=-0.195,p=0.000). The full mediation effect of social support was observed in the pathway from age-friendly environment to loneliness (95% CI = [– 0.112, −0.028]). Social support was fundamental in lowering loneliness, and age-friendly environment could only reduce loneliness by following a pathway that enhances social support. In other words, despite how well an age-friendly environment is established, it would not decrease an individual's loneliness unless it also enhances social support level. This finding sheds importance in maintaining satisfactory relationships that enable sharing of feelings, and fulfilling emotional and social needs in lowering loneliness. Measures to increase social support level within community are suggested.


The invention relates to a method for three-dimensional lamination of plate-shaped workpieces, according to the main application DE 19838581, wherein a vorkaschiertes by a movable pressing member coating material (8) by means of at least one of the pressing member in the direction of passage (D) and on one of the surface (4) to be coated side facing away from downstream coating material deep-drawing device (12) over a predetermined section of the transfer line (S) with the workpieces (2) mitbewebar (16) is deep-drawn. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for laminating plate-shaped workpieces (2), according to the main application DE 19838581, the device being characterized in that a movable pressing member in a workpiece passage direction (D) and on one of the to be laminated workpiece surface (4) facing away from side at least one coating material deep-drawing device (12) is connected, over a predetermined section of the transfer line (S) with the workpieces (2) is moved together (16).


So much nonsense is being written by those supporting the feminist movement in the churches and by those opposed to it, that it is a delight to find a carcful and sane discussion of biblical tcaching. I believe that the issues raised by Mary Hayter's Tlro Neii,Ei,eiii ChrisT (SPCK [ 19t',7], C6.95, pp. 190, ISBN 0-28!-()4262-4) arc so important that I am devoting thc whole of 'Talking Points' this month to it. In her preface Dr Hayter points out how frecluently texts arc misappropriated both by those who think it right to restrict women to the lay ministry and by those who wish to see women ordained as deacon, priests and bishops. She rightly believes that such interpretations misunderstand the biblical tcaching and damage the full involvement of women in the church and the true doctrine of God. man, church and ministry. In her study she pays more attention to the Old Testament than is common in such writings. Fundamental questions arc involved. Is the God of the Bible a male deity who demands to be served by a male priesthood? Does biblical teaching imply the patriarchal ordering of church, family, and society? Does the Bible consistcntly make woman the 'subordinate partner' and perina nen tly exclude her from the exercise of ministcrial authority? By focusing on the use of the Bible in the debate Dr Hayter is able to range more widely than the narrow issuc of the ordination of


Participation rates in higher education are an important indicator to pursue one of the main European policy objectives, which is to increase the proportion of population attending higher education. A model used to detect the determinants of participation rates is proposed in this paper, and it is empirically tested for 14 European countries through a five-year panel regression. The model considers the potential explanatory factors as follows: the country's socio-economic conditions, the human capital stock, the organisation of the higher education sector, the higher education expenditure.

The results show the important role of financial resources devoted to higher education; but also, as expected, the influence of other factors. More specifically, there is a role for the variables related to higher education organisation and structure, also confirming that higher entry rates are influenced both by an improvement in public investments in the sector and by organisational elements. These findings are relevant for policy purposes, since they suggest some possible solutions for improving participation rates. Although future research would need to explore the impact of income inequality, the overall level of spending is the key element that influences entry rates. Therefore, in periods of public finance pressure, the best way to resolve this problem could be to improve private resources.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of nervous tissue and consequently to catastrophic neurological deficits. Up to now there is no definite treatment available that restores the loss of function to a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed. This justifies the cost of research into the new modalities for a treatment of SCIs. In current paper, recent developments and new approaches in pharmacological therapy have been reviewed


To identify risk factors for thunderstorm asthma (TA) in subjects ≥15 years of age from information available in routine clinical records.


This paper overviews the articles, published in this issue of Filosofija. Sociologija. The articles are arranged in three topics – social and political philosophy, philosophical anthropology and epistemology. In developing these topics the authors get in touch with each other. They are worried about the present condition of society and its future, troubles of human existence and prospects of human knowledge.


Since the invention of development in Truman's speech in 1949, the discourse about development has been remarkably diversified. Initial paradigms, models, and concepts, concentrated on how to achieve economic growth and how poor countries can catch up to the modern (Western) world, have been superposed concepts of global inequality since the 1990s. Compared to development, global inequality cannot be limited to states or interstate relations, but concentrates on individuals in world society; refers to structural characteristics of world society where people have different social status affecting their capabilities; and cannot be limited to economic criteria, but has to take into account various aspects, such as property and voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, access to health care and education, as well as other social commodities. Taking this shift as a starting point, this essay raises the question how global inequality and further changes within its meaning can be examined. This essay concentrates on international organizations (IOs) in order to study global inequality, and applies a system-theoretical approach to analyze various functions of IOs. IOs can serve as arenas in which concepts of global inequality emerge, and as entrepreneurs who actively shape and distribute the concept.


A gridded Pt/SiO2/Si MOS sensor for hydrogen detection has been fabricated on p-type ⟨100⟩ Si wafer having resistivity (1–6 Ω cm). The SiO2 and Platinum (Pt) gate thickness were kept about 10 nm and 35 nm. The performance of Pt gate MOS sensor was evaluated through C-V characteristics (capacitance vs voltage) upon exposure to H2 (250 ppm–4000ppm) at different frequencies (25 kHz and 50 kHz) in a closed chamber at air ambient atmosphere. The capacitance of the sensor decreases with increase in frequency as well as H2 gas concentration. The flat band voltage characteristics have been evaluated at different frequencies and concentrations. It decreases as the frequency and concentration of gas both increases. The maximum flat band voltage change was observed −0.6 V at 25 kHz. The sensor exhibits better sensitivity (∼88%) at low frequency (25 kHz). The high response of sensor is attributed to the side wall diffusion, increase in surface area caused by inner side wall and increase in porosity, increase in fixed...


Because of the cloud barrier in a remote sensing image,the information couldn't be captured.Based on spline curve,a proposed method kept the continuity between inner and outer edge of cloud and captures more details in the remote sensing image without previous information.Firstly,the brightness in the cloud region was stretched.Secondly,the more details in the cloud region was exposed after the convolution between the cloud region and a high pass filter.Thirdly,the brightness of the pixels in the cloud region was improved with histogram stretching method.The results show the more details,such as the wall of dam,water stream can be exposed in a remote sensing image in which over a quarter of whole size was covered black cloud,which means the image enhancement technology is multiformity.


This paper introduces the architecture of ONet, an object database management system based on ODMG 3.0 standard. ONet adopts an architecture combining the advantage of page-server and object-server, two kinds of client-server architectures. The design of object component and object schema server is also discussed.


ABSTRACT The development of the English landscape in the post-medieval period is often viewed as a process of privatisation particularly involving enclosure and the removal of common rights. It also involved – the focus of this paper – the closure or diversion of roads and footpaths through various legal devices. The morphology of rights of way structures how people navigate and experience the landscape, and a close examination of the changing status of rights of way can provide important insight into the character and extent of the privatisation process. Through a detailed analysis of the three main sources used in legal disputes concerning the status of roads and footpaths – enclosure awards, tithe apportionments and the 1910 Finance Act documents – the changing status of rights of way can be analysed within their wider context. This Norfolk case study demonstrates that sustained communal activity could reverse this process of privatisation. In the present day, the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 requires all public rights of way to be recognised and their statuses confirmed by 1 January 2026; our understanding of the status of rights of way has never had such important legal, political and historical ramifications. This study illustrates how a landscape history approach can throw important light on an issue of more than academic significance. Abbreviations: TNA: The National Archives; NRO: Norfolk Record Office


This work presents the challenges of processing wideband communication signals as well as analyses of signal processing techniques to improve the quality of non-linear RF transmitters. The behavioral modeling begins with optimizing input training signals, which are stimuli comprised of different frequency sinusoidal waves to model the properties of signal sources. Then, a Volterra-based pre-distorter hybrid model consisted of polynomial and dynamic deviation terms is chosen to validate the training. When model parameters extraction is performed under multi-tone stimuli, the resulting compensator is robust and maintains decent linearity performance under 100 MHz carrier aggregation traffic. For minimal computational cost, a model complexity reduction technique based on matching pursuit is applied to reduce the number of model parameters to 75 while maintaining similar performance. The methodology discussed in this paper is applicable to designing non-linear RF systems facing wideband requirements.


Functional Dependencies (FDs) define attribute relationships based on syntactic equality, and, when used in data cleaning, they erroneously label syntactically different but semantically equivalent values as errors. We motivate the need to include context in data cleaning in order to account for the subjective nature of data quality. We enhance dependency-based data cleaning with Ontology Functional Dependencies (OFDs), which express semantic attribute relationships such as synonyms and is-a hierarchies defined by an ontology. We study the data and ontology repair problem for a set of OFDs, and propose an algorithm that finds the best ontological interpretation of the data that minimizes the number of repairs.


We evaluated the lumbar spinal alignment of patients treated by fenestration for lumbar canal stenosis. Twenty-three patients were analyzed using computerized program.Alignment value (A value) is the index of the degree of malalignment. Abnormal A values were found in 10 patients preoperatively. The relationship between A values and surgical outcome was evaluated. Operative results were poor in 9 of 10 patients with abnormal A values. We believe that it is important to estimate spinal alignment when treating patients with lumbar canal stenosis.


Michael S. Mahoney, professor of the history of science at Princeton University, died in 2008. Born in 1939, Mahoney was already a seasoned historian of mathematics when he became one of the arst senior historians to take an interest in the history of computing. He was by no means the arst: for example, individuals such as I. B. Cohen at Harvard University and Derek de Solla Price at Yale University had been interested since the 1960s. Moreover, several institutions were already actively engaged: the Smithsonian Institution, the Charles Babbage Institute (founded 1979), the Computer Museum in Boston, and similar organizations in Europe. A journal, the Annals of the History of Computing, was established in 1979. However, Mahoney's unique mission was not so much to do the history of computing, as to see it done well. The collection of papers on the history of computing, admirably edited by Thomas Haigh, stands as a memorial to Mahoney. It is arranged in three categories which effectively deane Mahoney's contributions to the discipline: the shaping of the history of computing; constructing a history of software; and the structures of computation. Haigh has provided an excellent, and by no means uncritical, commentary on the collection. In this essay, I will follow Haigh's organization.


Greening in urban residential areas is an important link to optimizing living environment and building a livable city.With the example of Pingdingshan city,we analyzed some key issues of residential plant configuration,such as the configuration differences of old and new residential areas,the needs for special ecological services,greening plant configuration in different functional units and combination of plant modeling,seasonal aspect and colors.


Garden plants pruning robot by the support frame, a ring rail, internal gear, fixed base slider chassis external gear, the gear connecting shaft, base, horizontal rotating seat, movement of the lever arm, adjustment arm, trim motors, rotary knife securing mechanism , rotary knife clamping mechanism, rotary knife consisting of a ring rail inner and outer rings are fixed to the support frame, the internal gear is welded to the inside of the support frame, chassis, external gear shaft and is connected by a gear connected to the base, the base is fixed in the ring guideway slider , a fixed base in the top of the slider base is fixed, horizontal rotating seat above the base, movement of the lever arm connected to the horizontal rotating seat, adjust the movement of the lever arm and the lever arm connected together, trim the end of the motor to adjust the lever arm groove in the rotary knife the rotary knife clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism by a rotary knife the knife securing mechanism adjusting lever arm ends.


BACKGROUND
Advanced mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (mEOC) has been associated with a worse prognosis than the more common serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas (sEOC), but it remains unclear whether this observation reflects a more aggressive clinical presentation and/or chemoresistance.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data from four randomized phase III and one phase II advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) first-line clinical trials were retrospectively collected, yielding 1118 patients with advanced EOC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IIB-IV), 85% of whom were treated with paclitaxel (Taxol)-carboplatin-based chemotherapy.

RESULTS
Based on 786 patients with sEOC and 54 (5%) with mEOC, peritoneal carcinomatosis were more limited in mEOC, which was more frequently stages IIB-IIIB (32% versus 19%, P = 0.001) and had more frequently macroscopic complete resection after initial surgery (50% of stages II-III versus 30%, P = 0.02). In contrast, visceral metastases (stage IV) were more frequent in mEOC (30% versus 15%, P = 0.004). mEOC had a lower response rate to carboplatin-paclitaxel, and shorter progression-free and overall survival rates, for both stage IV and optimally debulked stages II-III patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Advanced mEOC appears to be highly chemoresistant and complete resection of peritoneal metastases is unable to reverse its poor prognosis. New therapeutic options are needed.


In this paper, a practical approach to pilot contamination precoding (PCP) for massive MIMO is proposed through a joint clustering and pilot reuse scheme. We also introduce power scaling to enforce per-base station (BS) power constraints. We consider a massive MIMO system, where uncoordinated conventional beamforming is implemented in each cell. PCP acts as outer linear precoding prior to conventional beamforming through a cooperative transmission scheme with 3 base stations (BSs) involved. We partition each cell into 3 sectors and assign pilot sequences in a suitable way in order to perform PCP. In order to characterize performance and avoid time-consuming simulations, we employ large system analysis and random matrix theory. Numerical results show that the superiority of the clustered PCP is marginal for the moderate number of transmit antennas, but it becomes more significant in a massive MIMO mode. In addition, depending on user location, some users may experience a two-fold increased spectral efficiency after applying clustered PCP in the massive MIMO mode.


In the current pattern of world energy,nuclear power occupies an important position.The nuclear leakage caused by Japanese earthquake make nuclear power encounter unprecedented crisis.This will change the future of nuclear power development path,thus affecting the global energy consumption pattern,especially the new energy development pattern.In the rational development of nuclear energy development,highlighting other new energy development is related to China's future economic and social development.


Aim: 1. To assess Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) among valve replacement patients. 2. To correlate OAK score with INR values of patient. Methodology: 100 patients who have undergone valve replacement surgery and on oral anticoagulation therapy for a minimum period of 6 months were included. The OAK test created by Zeolla et. al was used. Study design: Questionnaire based prospective cross sectional study. After getting informed consent of the subject, OAK assessment questionnaire was given. Each question was explained and response noted by trained staff. Scoring was categorized as low( 75%). Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. 79.17% of patients had low and 20.13% had medium OAK score. No patient had high OAK score. 90% of those with medium OAK had control INR, while only 71.05% with low OAK had control INR. Conclusion: The oral anticoagulation knowledge among patients was not satisfactory. Patients with medium OAK score had better INR control than those with low OAK score.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between balance assessment and centre of pressure (COP) excursion during golf putting between recreational and novice female golfers. Five novice golfers (age: 28.0±15.8 years) and six recreational golfers (age: 29.0 ± 19.2 years; handicap: 21.4 ± 10.9 strokes) participated in the study. All participants performed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and had their COP measured on a force plate while putting a ball towards targets. Significant differences were found between recreational and novice conditions for the COP displacement and velocity excursions (p<0.05) but no significant differences were observed in SEBT (p>0.05). Models for predictors of the COP excursions were identified mainly in the anteroposterior direction for the first 50% of the time to complete the putting stroke. The results suggest that SEBT may complement balance assessment for coaches in golf putting.


The average of the subject's bi-daily evaluation of itch during the fi rst week (Visit 3) and second week (Visit 4) of treatment is plotted against the average of the subject's bi-daily evaluation of itch during the run-in period (baseline value; Visit 2) Evaluation of itch


The thin-layer drying behavior of water dropwort in a laboratory scale vacuum dryer was examined. Two pretreatments (blanching and 1% KMS dipping) were applied to the water dropwort, which were dried in the ranges of 50–70C of drying air temperature. The drying air temperature and pretreatment had significant effects on the moisture content of the water dropwort samples. In all the drying temperature selected, the blanched samples had shorter drying time than the control and 1% KMS treated samples. The drying rate decreases continuously with decreasing moisture content or increasing drying time. The models were compared based on the coefficient of determination, reduced chi-square and root mean square error between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. The Page model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data as compared to other models. The color characteristics of dried water dropwort were also significantly influenced by the pretreatments.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The information on the drying characteristics of water dropwort as influenced by pretreatments may provide a practical method for the preservation of water dropwort and improvement on the quality of dried products. The experimental data are necessary to design, optimize, and control the drying process in the production of dehydrated water dropwort products.


Sir,

A 60-year-old lady was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital with complaints of shortness of breath. She was a diagnosed case of dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular failure. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed severe hypoxia with metabolic acidosis. Adrenaline infusion was started to optimise blood pressure. Intravenous frusemide was administered to relieve pulmonary oedema. Bilevel positive airway pressure was applied to improve oxygenation. After 1 h, patient was still hypoxic with laboured respiration; hence, it was decided to intubate patient electively and start mechanical ventilation. Her airway assessment revealed Mallampati class of 2 with good mouth opening. Intravenous midazolam 1 mg and fentanyl 50 µg were given; as bag and mask ventilation was adequate, rocuronium intravenous 50 mg was administered to facilitate muscle relaxation for intubation. After 1 min, an attempt was made to open the mouth, but severe jaw stiffness did not allow it. Injection rocuronium 20 mg was repeated, and bag and mask ventilation was continued for another 2 min. Oxygen saturation was maintained at 95% on 100% oxygen with bag and mask ventilation. Again, intubation attempt was made; however, jaw could not be opened with any force. As last resort, blind nasal intubation was done. Bilateral chest auscultation confirmed tracheal intubation. Except for the jaw muscle rigidity, other muscle spasm or rigidity in the body was not observed. The patient's body temperature was 36°C. End tidal expired CO2 was 32 mm Hg with tidal volume of 400 ml and respiratory rate of 12/min on mechanical ventilation. Haemodynamics were deteriorating despite maximal inotropic therapy with progressively increasing metabolic acidosis. The patient had repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and received multiple defibrillatory shocks. The patient could not be revived despite all efforts.

Masseter muscle rigidity (MMR) also referred as 'jaw of steel' is severe stiffness of the jaw, with inability to open the mouth causing difficult or impossible laryngoscopy.[1] MMR is commonly seen after administration of succinylcholine and volatile agents.[2] MMR has also been quoted as an early sign of malignant hyperthermia (MH).[3] Muscle spasm following succinylcholine causing masseter spasm can lead to clinical MH in 30% of cases.[4] However, implications related to non-depolarising muscle relaxants have also been reported.[5] Jenkins reported a case of MMR after vecuronium.[6] Masseter spasm after pancuronium administration in a patient undergoing aortic valvulotomy has been reported.[7]

A similar case of persistent masseter spasm during anaesthesia has been reported, where the authors attributed the spasm to increased extreme pre-operative anxiety rather than rocuronium.[8] Fentanyl in high dose can cause rigidity but in the present case, it was used in a low dose. Masseter spasm has the potential to complicate airway management, but no reported case has been shown to progress to generalised rigidity and MH. In the present case, we did not observe any signs of MH such as raised temperature, raised EtCO2 and generalised muscle rigidity. Non-depolarising muscle relaxants can be used safely in MH patients. Failed intubation in such scenario can be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nasopharyngeal airways can be placed and ventilation carried out and can be life saving. Sporadic case reports have suggested different techniques for airway management after MMR like fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation, retrograde endotracheal intubation, surgical cricothyrotomy and use of Trachlight®.[9] Though rare, one must be aware of MMR after using muscle relaxants. In case of any incident of masseteric spasm, the aim should be to maintain adequate oxygenation by any means.

Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.

Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.


We consider generic nonextremal stationary dirty black holes. It is shown that in the vicinity of any bifurcation surface the energy of collision of two particles in the center of mass frame can grow unbound. This is a generic property that, in particular, includes collisions near the inner black hole horizon analyzed earlier by different methods. The similar results are also valid for cosmological horizons. The case of the de Sitter metric is discussed.


We have studied the irreversible aggregation of colloidal polystyrene spheres during two limiting regimes of growth: diffusion-limited aggregation and reaction-limited aggregation. For each growth regime, the time-dependent cluster-size distribution exhibits a scaling form which reveals intrinsic features of these growth processes.


English learning children use SVO word order before 24 months of age to interpret transitive sentences when the nominals are full NPs; we test when they understand such sentences when the nominals are caseand gender-marked pronouns (―She is tickling him‖). Children viewed reversible actions on side-by-side screens; the test audio matched only one of the screens. Children at 36 months (but not 27 months) looked more quickly and longer at the matching screen; however, they performed better with ―she is verbing him' than  ̳he is verbing her.' Every language includes way(s) to show relational information about agents and patients of an action to convey the idea of who does what to whom (O'Grady, 2005). According to most linguistic analyses (e.g., Greenberg, 1963; Comrie, 1981), languages may employ three grammatical devices to denote relations between agents and patients: case markers, word order, and verb agreement. While no language relies on any of these devices exclusively, some languages (e.g., English) rely more heavily on word order whereas other languages (e.g., Turkish) rely more heavily on case markers. Nonetheless, children and adults speaking both types of languages have all shown tendencies to use word order as a significant cue for sentence comprehension (Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff, 1996; Göksun, Küntay & Naigles, 2008). Moreover, children learning languages such as English have been shown to understand their canonical word order early in language development, frequently before 24 months of age (Gertner et al., 2006; Swensen et al., 2007). However, most investigations of children's early understanding of simple sentences have used full NPs as the nominal arguments (e.g., The girl washes the boy). The purpose of the current study is to add to a small but growing set of studies investigating English-learning children's use of pronouns in sentence comprehension. Previous research has demonstrated that English-learning 2-year-olds treat pronouns as NPs that are relevant for understanding argument structure. For example, Childers and Tomasello (2001) found that children hearing sentences both with full NPs and with pronouns (―He is blicking it‖) were more likely to produce and understand new transitive sentences than children who just heard sentences with full NPs. Thus, the presence of the pronouns—perhaps in variation with full NPs—seemed to highlight or emphasize the transitive structure. Moreover, Fisher (2002) demonstrated that toddlers can use personal pronouns to distinguish transitive from intransitive sentences with novel verbs; that is, they treated She's pilking over there as referring to a one-argument event while She's pilking her referred to a two-argument event. These studies demonstrate that children's early sentence frames are general enough to encompass either full or pronominal NPs in subject and object position; however, they do not yet show how much the children are indeed processing the pronominal NPs. That is, are these pronouns  ̳just' being used as general place holders for argument positions, or do they serve to illuminate specific arguments such as subjects and objects, agents and patients? Put another way, these pronouns may support general referential functions for children this young


There is an establishing trend towards the socialization of the web. Virtual communities are becoming very popular web spaces for collaboration and knowledge sharing. However, studies have shown that virtual communities may often be ineffective and may not sustain. We propose a novel approach for community-tailored support which is aimed at facilitating processes important for the community's effectiveness and sustainability. The paper presents algorithms for detecting evolution patterns of community knowledge sharing behavior. The algorithms are applied to a model of an existing closely-knit community, and used to identify when and what intelligent interventions may be needed to support the functioning of the community as an entity.


Taking MSP430F149 as the master controller,a digital pressure gauge of high precision and micro-power consumption was designed,in which,the A/D conversion of pressure sensor output which having a constant power supply and taking constant voltage from ADR2914 for reference can be implemented though AD7714,and the strategy of modular power supply and timesharing data acquisition can be used to reduce system power consumption,as well as the self-designed MOSFET power switch can be taken to turn off the power of module which doesn't work.Having the mean filtering method which based on change rate taken to filter the pressure data collected,and the multi-points calibration method employed to calibrate the pressure gauge,as well as the simplified file system used to store and replay pressure data show that the precision of the pressure gauge can exceed 0.25‰,and its continuous working time can be more than 3 000 hours when it's powered with 4 AA 1.5V batteries.


The process of financing growth remains a source of controversy in policy debates around the world today. Till recently, the dominant view was the neo-Keynesian argument that interest rates should be kept low to promote capital formation in the economy. This led many countries to adopt a highly interventionist financial system, with government controls on the methods of raising finance for investment and for directing it to desired channels. These controls were in the nature of fiscal and monetary controls like taxation, credit rationing and interest rate controls. The 1980s saw a sea change in all these policies, largely influenced by the work ofMcK.innon and Shaw and the changing approach of the Bretton Woods institutions towards developing countries. These studies highlighted some of the lacunae of highly intermediated economies, whose financial systems they referred to as being 'financial repressed'. They ~ed that the seriousness of'government failure' in command and control regimes was of a higher consequence than 'market failure', and advocated an alternative policy of financiaJliberalisation. Subsequently, however, the strategy of sweeping financial liberalisation was found to be problematic in many countries which adopted it, since it was increasingly associated with foreign exchange crises and capital market failures. Taking note of these experiences, and also using the advantage of being a relatively late starter in terms of such liberalisation, Indian policy makers have been cautious in moving towards the full convertibility of currency, which forms the link between the domestic sector and international markets. The neo-liberal strategy with respect to financial systems can be looked at, in terms of two broad effects which it has on the economy. These effects are in the


The utility model discloses a steel plate conveying device, and belongs to the field of conveying equipment. The steel plate conveying device comprises a support and steel plate guide rollers, a motor is arranged on the support, the steel plate guide rollers are driven by the motor, the steel plate guide rollers are parallel to one another and are horizontally and rotatably connected to the support, chain wheels are fixedly arranged at one ends of the steel plate guide rollers, and the steel plate guide rollers are in transmission connection. Square guide rods are horizontally arranged on the support, two rolling wheels are vertically arranged at the two ends of each square guide rod, the rolling wheels comprise fixed rolling wheels and movable rolling wheels, the fixed rolling wheels are vertically and fixedly arranged at one ends of the square guide rods, the movable rolling wheels can slide along the square guide rods, and movable mechanisms are arranged at the lower ends of the movable rolling wheels. The steel plate conveying device is simple in structure, steel plates can be limited in the steel plate conveying process through the rolling wheels, the positions of the movable rolling wheels can be adjusted according to the width of the steel plates, it is guaranteed that the steel plates are conveyed into the next procedure accurately, and work efficiency is improved.


As a part of a long term district-wide study, we report on achievement test results involving students in a third-grade classroom taught by a teacher in a professional development program led by the authors and directed towards the integration of algebraic reasoning with elementary school mathematics. The teacher's practice, reported upon elsewhere, embodied many of the features targeted in the professional development program, and her students' performance on a state-wide standardized test for fourth graders exceeded those of a comparable control class from the same school and those of her district's fourth graders, and approximated the performance of fourth graders state-wide. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1/40 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Author examines history of the origin and development of the term "revolution" in XVI–XXI centuries in Europe, Russia and USA. Revealed are development of modern definitions, most commonly used set of definitions characterizing the state of contemporary research fields.


The present invention provides a shift register and a driving method, the shift register comprising: first to fifth transistors, and a gate connected to the output terminal of the first transistor, and a drain terminal connected to a first signal level, a source a gate connected to the drain of the second transistor and a fourth transistor; a gate of the second transistor and the first clock signal terminal, and a source terminal connected to a second level signal; gate of the third transistor and the first a clock signal terminal, a source connected to the input terminal, a gate connected to the drain of the fifth transistor; drain of the fourth transistor is connected to the first level signal terminal, a source connected to the output terminal, and a gate and a drain It is connected between the first capacitor electrode; a source electrode of the fifth transistor and the second clock signal terminal, a drain connected to the output terminal, and a second capacitor connected between the gate and the drain. When the output is required to maintain the stage, will always get a stable signal level from the first end of the first electrical signal level, prevents distortion of the output signal.


A method of decentralized robust fault-tolerant control is presented for large-scale systems with time-delays in interconnection.The purpose of the method is to make the system remain stable,for sensor or actuator failures as well as uncertainties. Based on Lyapunov theory,the sufficient conditions of the systems with fault-tolerance under sensor failures and the design procedure of the controller are given.And the result is generalized to the systems under actuator failures.At the end of this paper,an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed method,and the result of the example is analyzed.


1. At stresses up to 100 volts per mil the three mica-containing materials have withstood corona at least 10 times longer than the organic insulations tested.


It is not known whether hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo symmetric or asymmetric cell divisions in the unperturbed bone marrow. Here, we integrate data from HSC fate mapping and cell-cycle-dependent labeling through mathematical inference and thus gain insight into how HSCs coordinate self-renewal with differentiation. We find that most HSC divisions in adult mice are symmetric self-renewing, replacing HSCs lost by direct differentiation and death, and slowly expanding the HSC population. This expansion maintains constant HSC output to multipotent progenitors (MPPs), despite declining HSC differentiation rate with age. We identify a linear hierarchy of differentiation states between tip HSCs and MPPs, where Tie2-driven HSC fate mapping fully covers the progression of the differentiating cells. A turning point from self-renewal to accelerated cell differentiation occurs between early-stage and late-stage MPPs, just before lineage differentiation becomes manifest in single-cell transcriptomes. This stem cell hierarchy precedes lineage differentiation and may limit mutation accumulation in the hematopoietic system.


Abstract Ion bombarded (111)-oriented single crystals show, under appropriate conditions, an anisotropic distribution of the sputtered target material, e.g. three main and three intermediate sputtered spots. On the bombarded crystal surface a topography with faceted cones (pyramids) can be observed simultaneously. The geometric relations between the orientations of the crystals, the faceted cones and the sputtered spot patterns have been investigated for Ag, Al, Au and Pb single crystals bombarded with energetic Ar ions.


Electrolysis (ES) of medium perfusing rabbit aorta, or a column of beads with bovine fetal aortic endothelial cells, caused vasodilator(s) release which was detected by a bioassay cascade. The vasodilator was similar to endothelium derived relaxing fator (EDRF) released by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) since its action was short-lived and was attenuated by N-ω-nitro-L-arginine and hemoglobin. Denudation of aortic endothelium eliminated the effect of ADP, but did not affect ES release of vasodilator. Because salicylate reduced ES-induced vasodilation, we postulate that hydroxyl radicals play a prominent role in the release.


We introduce the concept of Cauchy sequence of fuzzy numbers in the fuzzy metric space of fuzzy numbers by using more positive fuzzy numbers, instead of just the positive characteristic functions used in Guangquan's definition. Then we compare this definition with the definition of Cauchy sequence in the real valued supremum metric.


The determination of alcohol is relevant to the beverage industry, apparently for liquors, wines, or beers. However, alcohol can also be found in juices e.g. due to starting fermentation during storage of the fruits. We present an amperometric enzyme electrode that determines volatile alcohols (ethanol, methanol) in fruit and vegetable juices (apple, grape, currant, tomato). The biosensor analyses the headspace above the liquid sample. This mode of operation has the advantage that possible interferences are limited to volatile substances and that the biosensor is not contaminated by the sample. For example, no interference by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can occur. The analysis results of the biosensor are compared to two reference methods, a commercial photometric enzyme test-kit and a HPLC analysis.


A non-focusing magnetic spectrometer design for electron scattering in medium energy region is proposed. The positions read out from the position-sensitive detectors in the spectrometer are used for track reconstruction and momentum measurement by means of a computer program. The construction of this spectrometer is rather simple and there is no special technique and element for correction to aberration. It is suitable for usage of spectrometer with large solid angle and wide momentum range. The momentum resolution, momentum range and acceptance in our case are calculated by Monte Carlo simulation.


Keywords: astrocyte volume regulation ; water cotransport ; brain water homeostasis ; potassium clearance ; glutamate uptake ; digital holographic microscopy ; quantitative phase imaging ; epifluorescence imaging ; absolute cell volume ; refractive index of transmembrane flux ; osmotic water permeability ; coherent noise suppression ; RBC cell membrane fluctuations ; fluctuation eigenmodes ; bending modulus These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5739 (2013)Programme doctoral NeurosciencesFaculte des sciences de la vieInstitut des neurosciencesLaboratoire de neuroenergetique et dynamique cellulaireJury: C. Petersen (president), Y. de Koninck, K. Plamann, R. Schneggenburger Public defense: 2013-7-10 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5739Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-07-01, modified on 2017-05-12


Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a well-studied pump-probe control scheme for manipulating the population of quantum states of atoms or molecules. By encoding the digits to be operated on as 'on' or 'off' laser input signals we show how STIRAP can be used to implement a finite-state logic machine. The physical conditions required for an effective STIRAP operation are related to the physical conditions expected for a logic machine. In particular, a condition is derived on the mean number of photons that represent an on pulse. A finite-state machine computes Boolean expressions that depend both on the input and on the present state of the machine. With two input signals we show how to implement a full adder where the carry-in digit is stored in the state of the machine. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to store the carry-out digit as the next state and thereby return the machine to a state ready for the next full addition. Such a machine operates as a cyclical full adder. We further show how this full adder can equally well be operated as a full subtractor. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example of a nanosizedmore » system that implements a full subtraction.« less


A review is given about the synthesis of quantum dots and their application in analysis and detection,biology,pharmacy,optical device and fingerprint collection.It is pointed out that quantum dots are a new kind of fluorescence nanomaterials,and they are drawing agreat deal of attention owing to their unique optical and electrical properties.Moreover,suggestions are also provided about the development trend and application prospect of quantum dots.


The Arctic is currently experiencing dramatic ecosystem changes with immediate effects on biodiversity. Sedimentary ancient DNA is a unique and valuable source of information on ecosystem changes over a long temporal scale. Understanding these past changes may help predict the relative impacts of climate change, herbivory, and anthropogenic effects on present ecosystems. In the BiodivERsA project “Future ArcTic Ecosystems” (FATE), we aim to assess changes in past herbivore abundance over large spatial (circumarctic) and temporal (Last Glacial Maximum until today) scales using three (semi-)quantitative methods on sedimentary ancient DNA of plants, herbivores, and herbivore proxies (i.e. coprophilous fungi and parasites) – metabarcoding, hybridization capture enrichment, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Metabarcoding was applied to DNA of plants and also of coprophilous fungi as proxies of herbivore abundance. This approach is an established and important tool for assessing biodiversity from recent environmental DNA; however, quantification of specific taxa may be complicated due to inherent methodological biases (e.g. amplification efficiency due to primer bias), and our current understanding of the factors affecting potential quantification by metabarcoding is still limited. Moreover, ancient DNA is highly fragmented, which may prevent PCR amplification altogether. As an alternative, target enrichment by hybridization capture is a method that does not depend on target PCR amplification and is typically not affected by DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, hybridization capture can be used to target numerous genetic markers of a vast range of highly diverse taxa. We are using hybridization capture to enrich DNA of a range of herbivore species and numerous proxy organisms. Metabarcoding and hybridization capture can be applied to a vast taxonomic range and may be used quantitatively based on relative sequencing read abundance; however, the respective read abundance may be confounded by random and systematic errors and other biases. We are therefore using an additional quantification method – ddPCR – on several selected taxa, which is taxon-specific but facilitates highly accurate quantification of template DNA molecules in a given sample. The combined taxonomic and quantitative results of these three approaches are used to generate highly resolved datasets on past vegetation and herbivores, which allows us to reconstruct past vegetation changes over large spatial (circumarctic) and temporal (Last Glacial Maximum until today) scales.

Detailed inferences on herbivore abundance and reconstructing past ecological conditions may be important for ecosystem management and conservation in the face of accelerating changes in Arctic ecosystems due to global climate change.


This paper presents the concept and initial breadboarding results of geostationary atmospheric sounder (GAS), which is being developed by Saab Space AB and Omnisys AB, Sweden, and funded by European Space Agency (ESA). GAS utilizes interferometric synthetic aperture radiometry to obtain desired spatial (30 km) and temporal (nowcasting) resolution for measurement of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under all weather conditions. These parameters are decisively important to meteorological and climate models at all time scales.


The western natural socialist education thought key point is to focus on education,including on children's personality and psychological development of the research study the most attention.In the current our country all kinds of education problems before,educational thought of naturalism will play their own advantages,to guide our education to recognize the individual differences of students;emphasize and bring student's subjectivity into play;Pay attention to experience,promote the internalization of students and the positive.


Tremendous improvements in Flower image description induced much interest in image based plant species identification. Rare species of desert plants are at risk and it is necessary to maintain record for their existence, which can be done by applying image processing techniques for object classification. This paper focuses on the automatic recognition of plant species from Sonoran desert regions through their flower images. The dataset contains 609 individuals of 25 species. The image preprocessing begins with median filter to remove the noise. The color and texture features are obtained from the flower images for classification. HSV color space is used to extract the color features and Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CS-LBP) for texture features. The extracted features are incorporated in Cascade-Forward Neural Network to classify the species which outperforms an accuracy of 96.8%.


Given a complete directed graph G = (V, E), the traveling repairman problem consists of determining a Hamiltonian circuit minimizing the sum of the waiting times of customers located at the nodes of the graph. In this paper, we propose two new linear integer formulations for TRP and computationally evaluate the strength of their linear programming relaxations. Computational results show the efficiency of the second new formulation considering the LP relaxations gaps and CPU times. The larger instance solved to optimality with the proposed second formulation involves 29 vertices. This compares favorably with a previously published formulation.


At the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) we have over 1500 analysts producing maps based on crime data on a daily basis. These maps are used to guide tactical deployments as well as providing statistical information on the level of crime in particular areas. Cartography can have a real impact on the way these maps are interpreted and affect the decisions that are made based on them. This presentation will discuss some of the challenges and pitfalls in creating maps based on crime data. In particular how the use of aggregation methods, such as hotspotting and thematic maps, can skew the results. It will highlight common errors in the display of crime data and how good map production can overcome them. I will show some other methods of displaying crime data that are used within the MPS. Biography Andrew is a GIS specialist with 10 years experience within Local Government and Law Enforcement. This has been in the development of corporate GIS systems and strategies. He is currently working in the Metropolitan Police Service focusing on data management and system development. Recent projects have involved supporting Crime Analysts in the use of mapping software and data.


In a recession sponsorship could be one of the first budgets to be cut but there are arguments to suggest that it should be one of the last. Although primarily used as a marketing tool, those companies with a mature attitude to the subject have realised that it can be used to address a very wide range of business objectives that also include internal communications, staff retention/recruitment and business-to-business communications. The Guinness sponsorship of the 1999 Rugby World Cup demonstrates the wide-ranging objectives that can be met while also proving the power of sponsorship in consumer marketing.


Designing Groupware systems requires methods and tools that cover all aspects of Groupware systems. We present a method that utilizes known theoretical insights and makes them usable in practice. In our method, the design of Groupware systems is driven by an extensive task analysis followed by structured design and iterative evaluation using usability criteria. Using a combination of multiple complementary representations and techniques, a wide range of aspects of Groupware design is covered. The method is built on our experiences and is used in practice by several companies and educational institutes in Europe. We define the design process, the models needed and the tools that support the design process.


Despite their increasing involvement in the United States legal system, little is known about neuropsychological practitioners working in forensic contexts. Neuropsychologists (N 59) recruited from the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology and the National Academy of Neuropsychology were surveyed about their experience, training, and practice. The majority of participants reported practicing in both civil and criminal forensic contexts (64%), with a minority restricting their practice to civil cases only (34%); practicing solely within the criminal forensic context was rarely reported (2%). Participants reported conducting forensic assessments across a variety of legal questions, primarily personal injury and civil and criminal competencies. The majority of participants' graduate and postdoctoral training was in neuropsychology, typically supplemented by forensic training through postgraduate continuing education. Challenges to admissibility of expert testimony were rare and were more likely to target specific sections of the practitioners' testimony rather than their admissibility as experts overall. Differences in challenges to admissibility based on jurisdiction were found for those participants practicing within criminal but not civil forensic contexts (p .034). Though certain trends are noted, results suggest substantial variability exists among practitioners in the field. Implications regarding the experience, training, and practice of neuropsychological practitioners within civil and criminal forensic contexts are discussed, along with broader implications for field leaders as they continue to advance the subspecialty of forensic neuropsychology.


The latest developments of the higher education reform in Germany are analyzed in this paper. For this purpose, some historical milestones are described before presenting a brief historical outline the implementation of the Bologna model from 1999 to 2010. Some difficulties and challenges for implementing the Bologna model are placed at the financial and at the political level. They are related both with the organization and governance of higher education and with the differentiation of the system. Another set of controversial issues concerns the very meaning of higher education in a country with a Iow fertility rate and a severe shortage of highly qualified manpower. Is today and tomorrow's higher education supposed to be a highly structured and more intellectual form of vocational education, or can the traditional, Humboldtian way of conceiving higher education (search for knowledge for its own sake) be compatible with the Bologna model? These questions are examined critically in the paper.


Characteristics of solar radiation highly depend on some unobserved meteorological events such as frequency, height and type of the clouds and their optical properties (atmospheric aerosols, ground albedo, water vapor, dust and atmospheric turbidity) while a sequence of solar radiation can be observed and measured at a given station. This has suggested us to model solar radiation (or clearness index) processes using a hidden Markov model (HMM), a pair of correlated stochastic processes. Our main model is a continuous-time HMM (Xt, yt)t_0 is such that the solar radiation process (yt)t_0 is a solution of the stochastic differential equation (SDE) : dyt = [g(Xt)It − yt]dt + _(Xt)ytdWt, where It is the extraterrestrial radiation received at time t, (Wt) is a standard Brownian motion and g(Xt), _(Xt) are functions of the unobserved Markov chain (Xt) modelling environmental regimes. To fit our models to observed real data, the estimation procedures combine the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and the measure change method due to Girsanov theorem. Filtering equations are derived and continuous-time equations are approximated by robust versions. The models are applied to pdf comparison and classification and prediction purposes.


Background Strategies for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are evolving with the introduction of targeted therapies, including incretin-based dual agonists and growing knowledge of the importance of multidisciplinary care. Accessible, effective continuing medical education (CME) activities are required to ensure that health care professionals (HCPs) understand and can implement the most recent data to optimize patient outcomes. Objective We aimed to measure changes in knowledge, competence, and self-reported performance and quantitatively evaluate changes in performance using anonymized patient data following participation in a web-based educational activity. The faculty-led CME-accredited activity was based on incretin-based dual agonists and patient education on T2D and obesity. The remaining educational gaps in this field were also identified. Methods A CME-accredited, web-based, multidisciplinary (touchMDT) educational activity titled "The future for glycemic control and weight loss in T2D and obesity: Incretin-based dual-agonists and optimizing patient education" was developed. HCP knowledge, competence, and performance were assessed before and after the activity against Moore's expanded outcomes framework (levels 1-5), using self-reported questionnaires and by analyzing anonymized patient record data. Results For evaluating knowledge and competence (50 respondents before and 50 learners after the activity), the mean number of correctly answered questions was significantly higher post activity (median 5.0, IQR 4.0-6.0 to 6.0, IQR 5.0-7.0; mean 4.98, SD 1.22 to 5.78, SD 1.13; P<.001). Modest, nonsignificant improvements in self-reported performance (N=50 respondents preactivity; N=50 learners postactivity) from before to after the activity were observed (median 4.0, IQR 3.25-4.0 to 4.0, IQR 4.0-4.0; mean 3.64, SD 0.69 to 3.76, SD 0.48; P=.32). PPatient data analysis indicated that patients were being treated more intensively postactivity: before the activity, the most commonly used treatment regimens were metformin monotherapy (13/50, 26%) and dual therapy with metformin plus injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA; 11/50, 22%); post activity, this changed to dual therapy with metformin plus injectable GLP-1 RA (12/50, 24%) and triple therapy with metformin plus injectable GLP-1 RA plus sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i; 10/50, 20%). In addition, there was an increased number of referrals to a combination of specialists (physicians referred 27%, 8/30 of patients to ≥2 specialists before the activity and 36%, 10/28 to ≥2 specialists post activity). The remaining educational gaps included understanding the biology and psychology of obesity, efficacy and safety data for incretin-based dual agonists, and the role of the diabetes educator or diabetes care and education specialist in managing T2D and obesity. Conclusions This short, web-based CME activity on the management of T2D and obesity led to improvements in HCP knowledge, competence, and performance. Several remaining unmet needs were identified, which can be used to inform the content of future educational activities in this disease area.


A reactor coolant pump shaft speed/position sensing system based on fiber optic technology has been developed. This system is intended to replace existing obsolete hardware in operating plants. The optical system was satisfactorily tested at a reactor coolant pump test facility. This system is designed for backfit to existing nuclear power plant reactor coolant pumps as a safety grade system. Test data show that the system is accurate and needs no field adjustments other than installation. The system has flexibility because it is digital in nature and can interface with a wide variety of electronics for processing and display.<<ETX>>


"On Protocol Sentences" is an enormously important paper both philosophically and historically. Yet to those only partially familiar with Carnap's philosophical system the paper must seem very strange indeed. To avoid as many misunderstandings as possible I shall first sketch how the work fits into Carnap's more general philosophical views. For reasons of space, this sketch must be very brief. After that I shall make some remarks (again brief) on how the paper fits into various historical developments.


Recently, indoor mobile robot navigation systems have been developed all over the world as the technology for assisting aged and physically handicapped people. Especially, the systems using passive RFID with features of low cost and simple composition have attracted attention over the years. However, in these systems, there are two serious problems. 1) A mobile robot performs the meandering moving. 2) A mobile robot is difficult to avoid obstacles. Hence, a moving correction method is required very much to solve the above two problems. In this paper, we propose a new moving correction method of a mobile robot using only passive RFID to improve the moving trajectory. This method reduces the serpentine moving of mobile robot and avoids obstacles by predicting obstacles and walls in front of the mobile robot. To show the effectiveness of the proposed system, we carry out the performance evolutions by computer simulations and experiments. As the results, we show that the proposed method can reduce the serpentine moving of the mobile robot compared with the conventional method and also can avoid obstacles.


Multiport converters are reported in the literature for integrating multiple power sources, primarily renewable energy sources along with energy storage systems. The use of multiport converters decreases power conversion stages and hence increased efficiency. A three port converter is presented in this paper for solar PV fed telecom load. The control of the three port converter for the power flow management is also discussed. A solar PV array, battery energy storage and the telecom DC load are connected at the three ports of the converter. The performance of the converter along with the power flow management control is validated with detailed simulation studies using MATLAB with its SimPower System Blockset.


Rickettsia rickettsii were identifiable by the immunofluorescence technique in skin specimens obtained by biopsy on days 4 and 8 of illness from patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The immunofluorescence technique is regarded as a practical means of confirming the diagnosis during the early stages of illness before positive serologic reactions can be obtained.


Gelatin hydrolysates with antioxidative activity produced by protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H11 with different hydrolysis times were prepared. Alpha-amino group content and antioxidative activities increased with increasing hydrolysis time (p < 0.05). When gelatin hydrolysate prepared with hydrolysis time of 3 h (GH-3H) was subjected to freeze drying and spray drying, the powder obtained from spray drying showed a decrease in antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and metal chelating activity. Spray-dried gelatin hydrolysate (GH-3H-SD) showed higher whiteness with lower fishy odor and off-odor associated with fermentation. This was concomitant with the decreases in several odorous compounds in the sample, except for nonanal, which was higher in comparison with the powder obtained by freeze drying. Thus, spray drying could be an effective drying method to improve color and reduce undesirable odor of gelatin hydrolysate.


A discussion of the extent to which sociologists have succeeded in advancing their discipline. After an examination of how continuity & progress are measured in the science of science & in the sociology of sociology, the analytical techniques of Imre Lakatos's Wetenschapsfilosofie en Wetenschapsgeschiedenis ([The Philosophy and History of Science], Meppel: Boom, 1972) & G. Bohme's, W. van den Daele's, & W. Krohn's "Finalisering in de wetenschap" ([Finalization in Science] in Macht over Wetenschap [Power over Science], Rip, A., & Groenewegen, P. [Eds], Bilthoven: Ambo, 1974) are reviewed. Key evaluative criteria include the enhancement of knowledge, the application of knowledge to solve practical problems, improvement of methods, & activities related to sociology as a social system. Methods have been improved during the 1970s, but more sophistication is needed in showing the limits of the available methods. Sociology has been somewhat hampered by the numerous schools. Some signs of convergence can be detected, however, which should increase when marginals & mainliners engage in practical research problems. 97 References. Modified HA.


Palpitation is a common disease of the cardiovascular system.Anti-arrhythmic drugs of western medicine can not treat it effectually,traditional Chinese medicine plays an indispensable role in the clinical treatment of palpitation.From etiology and pathogenesis formulae analysis,the author analyses the clinical application of Guipi Tang in Lack of heart blood palpitation by tonifying qi and enriching blood.


This paper reviews recent literature on how households make decisions regarding residential mortgages. We focus on recent publications in Real Estate Economics that are related to households' mortgage choices. The paper covers four areas: (1) the role of intermediaries such as mortgage brokers; (2) how households choose between a fixed and an adjustable rate mortgage; (3) how homeowners choose between other features of mortgage contracts; and (4) reverse mortgages.


The article is devoted to the 85th anniversary of the outstanding scientist in the field of accounting, doctor of economic sciences, honored worker of science of Russian Federation, professor Yaroslav Vyacheslavovich Sokolov (1938–2010). The authors made an attempt to review the multifaceted scientific and pedagogical activities of the scientist over nearly 50 years. The authors analyze Sokolov's ideas in the field of accounting, as well as his contribution to the creation of certain areas (the Sokolov school); his works in the field of history, which won him universal recognition, among which a special place is given to his republished work «Treatise on Accounts and Records» by Luca Pacioli; the social and educational activities of the scientist on the background of changing economy in the country and in the world are shown. An attempt has been made to assess comprehensively the role of Professor Sokolov in the formation of the process of training specialists in accounting, analysis and audit, as well as statistics.


The paper reports on how the huge damage that raindrops can do to aircraft parts is being revealed in tests.


The China high-speed trains use cable trays to neatly arrange the cables running through the distributed systems. On one hand, they protect cables against external electromagnetic interference and reduce external radiation from the cables. On the other hand, the cable trays create waveguide structures that affect the coupling among cables inside the cable trays. To simplify coupling analysis for cables going through a cable tray, a lumped circuit model was built using admittance blocks extracted from a mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) formulation. In the MPIE formulation, either the half-free space or the waveguide dyadic Green's function was used depending on the region where the cables were. A test case was investigated. Results by the proposed circuit model were validated by measurement and full-wave simulation results.