Mercury is a toxic heavy metal released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources. It is of great interest to consumers as to whether it can cause neurological effects at low dose levels. The effects of organic mercury exposure at high levels have been demonstrated in several large-scale poisonings, particularly those in Japan and Iraq in the 1950s, '60s and '70s. These epidemics showed that organic mercury, in sufficient concentrations, is a potent neurotoxin that is especially harmful to the developing nervous system. Since the most common form of human exposure to organic mercury is through fish consumption, several epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between maternal fish intake and health effects in humans, especially the fetus. Levels of mercury in fish vary depending on factors such as: trophic level in the food chain, size, and habitat location. For this reason, it is important to gather information on mercury levels in different types of fish in various parts of the world. Results of recent studies have caused the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue new advisories on the fish consumption for pregnant women and young children. However, there is concern that other individuals will significantly reduce their fish consumption also, thereby decreasing the potential health benefits of seafood. This review is meant to promote understanding of current issues regarding mercury in seafood and provides a compilation of up to date information on the following topics: background information on mercury; large scale mercury poisonings; epidemiology studies and risk assessment; and studies on mercury in tuna in different geographical locations. Background Information on Mercury Mercury is a heavy metal with an atomic weight of 200.59 g/mole and a boiling point of 356.6°C. It was originally called quicksilver by Aristotle circa 350 B.C. (Hunter, 1975) because it is a dense, silvery-white liquid at room temperature. Mercury exists in three oxidation states: Hg (metallic or elemental), Hg (mercurous), and Hg (mercuric). In the mercuric state, it can bind to elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and oxygen to form inorganic compounds, or it can bind to 1-2 carbon atoms to form organic mercury. Mercury bound to a single methyl group is called methylmercury (MeHg or CH3Hg), mercury bound to two carbons is called dimethylmercury (DMHg or (CH3)2Hg), and mercury bound to an ethyl group is termed ethylmercury (EtHg or CH3CH2Hg). It was formerly thought that organic mercury existed in fish and human bodies in the form of MeHg+ or MeHgCl, but a recent study has reported that methylmercury present in fish is bound to cysteine, not chlorine (Harris et al., 2003). It was theorized that methylmercury does not bind to chlorine until it reaches the human stomach, where acidic conditions provide for many free Clions. MeHgCl has very low water solubility compared to other forms of organic and inorganic mercury (NRC., 2000), allowing it to cross membranes, such as the blood-brain and placental barriers, more rapidly . Mercury is distributed throughout the world, and cycles naturally through the earth's crust, atmosphere, oceans, and life forms, with trace amounts in fish, plants, and animals. It can be found in natural deposits, such as the mercury bed under the Mediterranean Sea, which holds some of the richest reserves of mercury in the world (Bacci, 1989). The main ore of mercury is the red sulphide cinnabar (HgS), which has been mined throughout the world in places such as: Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Russia, China, Japan, Mexico, California, and British Columbia (Hunter, 1975). Mercury is naturally emitted into the air as a result of off-gassing from the earth's surface and from volcanoes. Mercuric vapor can remain in the atmosphere for significant amounts of time and travel long distances before it cycles back to the earth in rainwater. Human activity increases the amount of mercury emitted into water, air, and soil, through coal-combustion (used to power utility plants); mining; waste disposal; preparation of fungicide seed dressings in agriculture; and chlor/alkali plants (BNS., 1999; WHO., 2000). Mercury is used in products such as batteries, vapor discharge lamps, fluorescent bulbs, switches, and thermometers. Many of these products end up in landfills or incinerators. Dental amalgams also contain mercury and are the major source of human exposure to elemental mercury (NRC., 2000). Although mercury and mercury compounds are hazardous air pollutants according to the Clean Air Act, mercury continues to be a valuable compound for industry. It has several unique properties, such as the ability to: conduct electricity, form alloys with almost all other metals, act as a biocide, and measure temperature. Mercury enters the food chain with the help of aquatic microorganisms. Released into the environment in inorganic form, mercury is methylated by bacteria in water and converted to an organic form, usually methylmercury. Organic mercury compounds are generally more hydrophobic, readily bind proteins, and are neurotoxic (Costa, 1988; NRC., 2000). Organic mercury bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms as it works its way up the trophic levels of the food chain. Although humans can come into contact with mercury through contaminated food, drink, or air, exposure to organic mercury is almost exclusively a result of consumption of fish and shellfish (Gunderson, 1995; NRC., 2000). Storelli et al. (2002) estimated that fish consumption accounts for 80-90% of the total exposure to mercury, of which 75 to 100% is methylmercury. Also, blood mercury concentrations were reported to be directly related to the amount of fish consumed (Mahaffey et al., 2004). Mercury Poisoning Outbreaks The health effects of mercury poisoning vary depending on the form of mercury and means of exposure; however, both organic and inorganic, acute and chronic exposure can cause severe, irreversible effects. Inorganic mercury poisoning was recorded as early as 415 B.C., in Almaden, Spain, when the Romans noticed it in slaves who worked to recover mercury from cinnabar mines (Hunter, 1975). Over centuries, its toxic properties have been observed in those whose professions involve working with mercury, such as: mirror manufacturers, felt hatters, amalgam platers, and goldsmiths. The first documented use of organic mercury in chemical research was in 1863, and there were reported incidents of illness and death within several years (Hunter, 1975).


together as a way of collaborative learning. For those not familiar with action research as a way of doing practical theology, the early chapters will prove heavy going. It does seem, though, that by the end Boyd achieves a genuine twoway dialogue with his congregation through which meanings of texts and their interpretations are established with a new degree of collaboration. The most interesting parts of the book are where Boyd confronts limitations in his own communication skills; the discovery that he has difficulty in maintaining eye contact with a congregation is movingly described. Would that other preachers were willing to receive feedback on their more irritating habits. But while Boyd is to be commended for his honesty, one wonders whether 'nakedness' is always the most appropriate image for the preacher of the Word. For all the hype surrounding the word 'vulnerability', especially to those in ministry, there is something to be said for wearing metaphorical, if not physical, 'robes'. The preacher needs a degree of protection, as do most congregations, who may need a sense of distance in order to engage at all. I am not sure that I could live with an interpretation of a text that was negotiated in public over tea and coffee with my churchgoing neighbours. But that may be my problem, not Jason Boyd's.


The Internet of Things (IoT) promises a revolution in terms of new services, products and possibilities for innovation in business models. Those possibilities, however, are linked to a competitive and social context in which concerns with data privacy and sustainability must be balanced at the risk of getting negative results and damage to firms' image and reputation. This paper presents a review of the literature that aimed to bring together these concepts (IoT, BMI and privacy/sustainability) and identify how academic research is studying those issues and to identify the main topics and research questions in those studies. We will then present a Brazilian case of Iot Implementation in the context of smart cities and discuss this case considering the topics and questions found in the literature.


The governments of several developing nations have used public funds to support International Branch Campuses (IBCs). These countries often have specific requirements and regulations that the IBCs must meet. As a result, some of the IBC's most fundamental financial, academic and governance decisions are determined or heavily influenced by the host nation. These practices compromise the financial autonomy and academic autonomy of IBCs and threaten their sustainability and quality.


Abstract Marigold (Tagetes erecta L. cv. 'Discovery Yellow', "Perfection Yellow', 'Inca Yellow', and 'Merrymum Yellow') were grown in aluminum (Al) solution culture concentrations of 0, 1, or 4 mg/L. Aluminum increased root length and weight, but had no effect on stem and leaf weight. Uptake and stem and leaf tissue nutrient concentration of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were reduced by the Al treatments. The Al treatments increased stem and leaf concentrations of potassium (K) and decreased the concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). No typical Al‐toxicity symptoms were observed in the roots. Root stunting caused by Fe toxicity was alleviated by the Al treatments.


Residual stress affects the failure of machines and structures by contributing to buckling and brittle fracture when those failures occur at low applied stress levels. In addition, residual stress may contribute to fatigue and corrosion cracking. For in-process and in-service failure prediction of the machine and structure, nondestructive methods for residual stress measurement are required. The research on nondestructive evaluation of residual stress using ultrasonci technique has attracted special interest recently. A few works have been reported on the ultrasonic measurement of residual weld stress. However, reports on nondestructive evaluation of stress relieving have apparently not been published to date.In the present study, ultrasonic stress measurement techniques are applied to mild steel plate welded by shielded metal arc welding and aluminum alloy plate heated by TIG arc. In addition, the effect of mechanical stress relief treatment is examined by the ultrasonic method. Most ultrasonic stress measurement techniques measure some combination of stresses, such as the sum or difference of principal stresses. In order to evaluate the effect of residual stresses on the failure of structures, stresses must be determined absolutely. In the present paper, the ultrasonic technique for measurement of absolute residual stresses is examined. The residual stress distributions are compared with those measured by stress-relaxation techniques which use electric strain gauges or contact balls. It is clarified that residual stresses measured by ultrasonic technique are very close to those by conventional stress-relaxation methods. Consequently, the residual stress can be measured nondestructively and absolutely by means of the ultrasonic method.


BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day. Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory. Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results. Furthermore, the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored. AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.


With the advent of globalization there has been a notable change in the level of participation of different organizations through different sectors in our economy. The changed scenario was much more revolutionary in terms of products offered, products differentiation, adaptability, intensity of competition, etc. There were new product offerings by the participants in terms of various dimensions considering various points of reference. Simultaneously, organizations representing two different periods were on the same platform. The divide was widening considering the pace of development and innovation that the new entrants were following. Majority of participants were adapting to the changed scenario, however old participants were bit lethargic in their approach. The changed norms which evolved from the new participants became the new dictate for the market. There was a pattern shift. With the realm of such changes the old participant/s has/have not adapted drastic change dictated by the market. On the other hand the changed circumstances provided a homogenous ground where the new entrants found it difficult to differentiate themselves with others.


The invention provides natural micro-mineral powder. The natural micro-mineral powder is mainly prepared from, by weight, 60-90 parts of natural mineral powder with calcium carbonate content of 97% or higher, 20-40 parts of white cement, 20-40 parts of slaked lime, 2-5 parts of cellulose and 2-5 parts of other modifiers selected from one or more of emulsion powder, modified starch, water repellent and pigments. The natural micro-mineral powder can replace traditional paint and putty powder, the aim of decorating a wall surface through raw materials is achieved, and the natural micro-mineral powder has the advantages of being firm, resistant to fire, water and dampness, strong in adhesion force, breathable, easy to clean, free of chemical and radiation pollution, free of peculiar smell, static electricity, color fading and aging and the like and particularly has the advantages of being rapid in hardening and high in strength.


Choosing the right program structures can lead to better programs, says Joshua Turner. He advocates modular design to make large programs more manageable. Turner reviews the possible structural relationships between the modules of a program and generates a tentative morphology of program structure types. He concludes that, with some exceptions, the hypothetical pure tree structure is the best choice for most data processing applications.


The formal and thematic evolution of the paintings by Belgian artist Raoul De Keyser (1930-2012) is mirrored in some fifty graphic prints he made throughout his career. Apart from a comprehensive essay on the silkscreens, lithographs, linocuts, and etchings, this book also includes a catalogue raisonne of De Keyser's graphic prints.


Robinson, P+ ~2001!+ Task complexity, cognitive resources, and syllabus design: A triadic framework for examining task influences on SLA+ In P+ Robinson ~Ed+!, Cognition and second language instruction ~pp+ 287–318!+ New York: Cambridge University Press+ Robinson, P+ ~2005!+ Cognitive complexity and task sequencing: Studies in a componential framework for second language task design+ International Review of Applied Linguistics, 43, 1–32+ Skehan, P+ ~1998!+ A cognitive approach to language learning+ Oxford: Oxford University Press+


Objective To study the effect of losartan on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension.Methods The study population consisted of 60 essential hypertension patients,22 of them with left ventricular hypertrophy.All patients received losartan 50mg per day for half year.Left ventricular diameter and left ventricular mass index were measured by echocardiography.Results The losartan significantly decreased systolic blood pressure [from(156.9±8.9)mmHg to(138.7±1.2)mmHg],diastolic blood pressure [from(101.3 ±7.5)mmHg to (85.9±6.1)mmHg] in patients with essential hypertension(P0.01).For the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy,losartan reduced both left ventricular end diastolic diameter [from(51.2±3.2)mm to(46.8±5.2)mm] and left ventricular mass [from(245.6±24.9)g to(237.1±22.4)g ](P0.05).Meanwhile there were obvious improvements of diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness [from(11.9±0.6)mm to(11.2±0.5)mm],ventricular septum thickness[from(13.4±0.8)mm to(11.7±1.5)mm]and left ventricular mass index(from 138.2±24.1 to 116.2±24.3)(P0.01).Conclusion Losartan is a effective drug to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy.


Six novel cocogem surfactants based on propoxylated hexamethylenediamine and fatty acids (capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids) were synthesized via a highly energy-efficient and simple method. All of the synthesized surfactants have been characterized and their features have been given. Moreover, key surface activity parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γCMC) and surface pressure at CMC (πCMC) were determined. Application properties such as foam stability and emulsion stability have been measured and the results have been recorded. Overall, the surfactants exhibited good surface activity. Two of the synthesized surfactants had high foam and emulsion stability.


A study of 21 small‐to‐medium sized Hong Kong Chinese business organizations analysed the relationship between structural characteristics and growth patterns. Qualitative data were collected through intensive, one‐to‐one interviews conducted in Cantonese. Three propositions concerning growth and development were developed. The first proposition is that for sustained growth towards a size of 100 employees the structure may remain predominantly simple, but there must also be some elements of adhocracy or professional bureaucracy, and the strategic apex must want the company to grow. Second, for a manufacturing company to grow to a point beyond 100 employees, its predominant form must change from simple structure to machine bureaucracy. Third, for sustained, robust growth once a manufacturing company has reached well over 100 employees in size, it either requires elements of divisional form structure, or special human resourcefulness manifested as exceptionally good staff relationships and business contacts.


The characteristics of domestic refuse and municipal wastewater as wel l as the different types of ecological degradation are described. The measures f or comprehensive control for domestic refuse and municipal wastewater as well as the different types of ecological degradation are put forward.


In a national survey of five‐year survivors with acute leukemia, 233 of 304 cases were children under 14 years of age and 71 were adults. There were 107 myeloblastic, 10 promyelocytic, 142 lymphocytic, and 37 undifferentiated leukemias. Forty‐five cases at age 3 represented the peak. These long‐term survivors have shown a yearly increase in number. In 1972, the number of childhood ALL cases reached 38 with no great changes in ANLL cases. With respect to prognosis among long‐term survivors, it seemed that neither type of leukemia nor age at diagnosis were factors influencing the future survival. CNS relapse occurring before the third year was an unfavorable complication for a prognosis beyond five years. Only 8 patients died of leukemia among 155 patients who reached five years in their initial complete remission; 49 of 90 patients who had relapse within five years after diagnosis died of leukemia. From these findings, it seems, very important to follow patients for five years in their initial complete remission.


The analysis determines the dependence of the world's oil total production from various economic factors. In The paper describes the main factors affecting global oil production. The research, based on econometric analysis, discovers the main economic nature that takes place on the market of main world energy resource. The paper analyzes and describes the development of total oil market. Also this work has installation of historical stages of world oil trade, market and positions of main exporting countries. This paper describes the major shocks, which influence on global supply and demand. These shocks are difficult to explain using econometric study, because they depend on political and economic global turmoil. The oil is main world resource, which are used by everyone country. Different country use different amount of this resource, but everyone needs them. In addition, some sectors of the economy depend directly on forecasts of the situation on the oil market for their business. For example, airlines rely on such forecasts in setting airfares, automobile companies decide their product menu and product prices with oil price forecasts in mind, and utility companies use oil price forecasts in deciding whether to extend capacity or to build new plants. That's why is very impotent to know process of function of oil market. The world oil market is a closed system, which requires deep study and research through a variety of tests, research data and theoretical hypothesis and same of them are conducted in this paper.


The invention discloses an image display system. The image display system comprises a mobile device, at least one acceleration sensor and an image processing unit. The acceleration sensor is used for sensing the acceleration of the mobile device and converting the acceleration of the mobile device into displacement data, the displacement data shows the moving direction and the displacement amount of the mobile device, and the image processing unit is used for receiving the displacement data and carries out the zooming operation to the image of the mobile device in real time according to the displacement data. The invention further provides an image display method. Due to the image display system and the method thereof, the zooming operation to the image of the mobile device can be carried out conveniently.


Abstract Henry James Richter's 1817 pamphlet Day-light. A recent discovery in the art of painting; With hints on the philosophy of the fine arts, and on that of the human mind, as first dissected by Emanuel Kant has been read as a plea for naturalism in the context of early-nineteenth-century pleinair painting. The tract prompts painters to take the recently discovered phenomenon of colored shadows into account instead of basing their painterly practice on pictorial conventions. Although noticed, the peculiar form of the little treatise – consisting of thirteen pages of a fictive dialogue between artists and extensive notes devoted to fundamental epistemological questions – has not been further scrutinized. In the light of the sociopolitical conflicts of the time, however, the pamphlet takes on an allegorical dimension exceeding its art-critical objective.


ABSTRACT Objective: This paper describes the theoretical basis of the Link program, a world-first dedicated online navigation tool to facilitate mental health help-seeking for young adults. Method: Several theories of help-seeking and behaviour change were explored to determine a useful theoretical framework for the Link program, a world-first dedicated online navigation tool to facilitate mental health help-seeking for young adults. Results: Four commonly used theories of behavioural change were examined with the Theory of Planned Behaviour found to best match the objectives of the Link program. Previous interventions aimed at increasing help-seeking behaviour and intentions using the Theory of Planned Behaviour found that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control beliefs have a role in help-seeking. Combined with elements of the Help Seeking Model, due to its specificity in mental health help-seeking, the Theory of Planned Behaviour was selected as the theoretical framework of the Link program. The resultant prototype allows young adults to enter information about an issue they are facing, the severity of the issue, and the type of services they prefer. Recommendations for information or services are then presented based upon these individual needs. Discussion: Little is known about the effects online services have on emotional affect and whether these services facilitate help-seeking in young people. Detailed description of this developmental work will assist in understanding the mechanisms underpinning the Link program. Further research will evaluate the effectiveness of the Link program in improving help-seeking, emotions, and mental health outcomes.


Recent spectroscopic studies showed that XF/sub 6/ hexafluorides (where x = S, Se, Te, Mo, W, U, Re, Ir, Np, or Pu) are in a group with ON symmetry and have a regular octahedron structure. Previous attempts to calculate the force constants using the simple valency force field or the orbital valency force field have been in error. A new series of calculations for the ten compounds listed above is offered which uses two types of potentials: A quadratic potential made up of four interaction constants and a potential of the Bradley-Urey type. The force constants calculated in the first case exactly represent the experimental frequency, the calculations in the second case represent the experimental frequency with good approximation for only five of the molecules. (T.R.H.)


In this work, the dispersibility of Technol PG, composed of anionic phospholipids, was investigated in the presence of cholic acid-based surfactants.


Background/Aims: Cardiac surgery-associated severe acute kidney injury (SAKI) is associated with high mortality and poor quality of life. A prognostic score for SAKI may enable prevention of complications. Methods: This observational study of 2,552 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2006 to December 2011 in our institution established associations between predictor variables and postoperative SAKI from a cohort of 1,692 patients and developed a clinical score that was assessed in a validation cohort of 860 patients. Results: Postoperative SAKI occurred in 262 patients (10.3%). We identified 7 independent and significant risk factors in the derivation model (adjusted OR 95% CI): age ≥81 years (vs. age < 40 years, 4.30, 1.52–12.21), age 61–80 years (vs. age < 40 years, 2.84, 1.24–6.52), age 41–60 years (vs. age < 40 years, 1.62, 0.68–3.87), hypertension (1.65, 1.13–2.39), previous cardiac surgery (3.62, 1.27–10.32), hyperuricemia (2.02, 1.40–2.92), prolonged operation time (1.32, 1.17–1.48), postoperative central venous pressure < 6 mm H2O (3.53, 2.38–5.23), and low postoperative cardiac output (4.78, 2.97–7.69). The 7-variable risk prediction model had acceptable performance characteristics in the validation cohort (C statistic 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.85). The difference in the C statistic was 0.21 (95% CI 0.12–0.29, p < 0.001) compared with the Cleveland Clinic score. Conclusion: We developed and validated a practical risk prediction model for SAKI after cardiac surgery based on routinely available perioperative clinical and laboratory data. The prediction model can be easily applied at the bedside and provides a simple and interpretable estimation of risk.


AIM OF THE STUDY:
To study the prevalence of substance use disorders in patients with schizophrenia and the socio-demographic and clinical correlates.
METHODS:
Consecutive patients with schizophrenia attending the outpatient clinic were recruited. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale was used to rate symptom severity. Substance use patterns were assessed using Drug Abuse Screening Test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Fagerstrom's Test for Nicotine Dependence. Socio-demographic and clinical details were recorded. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables; student's t and
chi square tests were used to assess the significance of association for continuous and categorical variables respectively.
RESULTS:
The prevalence of substance use was 29.1%; nicotine use was most common, followed by alcohol. Risk factors for substance use were male gender, being employed and a family history of substance use. Alcohol use was associated with a higher dose of antipsychotic medication. Reasons for the use of the substance included the feeling of relaxation it produced, a reduction in stress and anxiety and increase in alertness. None of the participants reported that the substance helped to reduce symptoms or combat adverse effects of medication.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Substance abuse is a common co morbid condition in patients with schizophrenia.
2. Socioeconomic factors and clinical symptoms influence patterns of substance use in patients with schizophrenia.
3. Most patients who used substances said they used the substance in order to feel relaxed, reduce anxiety and feel more energetic.


The optoelectronic skin is acknowledged as the world's current cutting‐edge technology in the fields of wearable healthcare monitoring, soft robotics, artificial retinas, and so on. However, the difficulty in preparing stretchable photosensitive polymers and the high‐crystallization nature of most reported photosensitive materials (such as perovskites) severely restrict the development of skin‐like optoelectronic devices. Herein, a surface energy‐induced self‐assembly methodology is proposed to form easily transferrable and flexible perovskite quantum dot (PQD) films with a worm‐like morphology. Furthermore, intrinsically stretchable phototransistors (ISTPTs) are fabricated based on a stretchable photosensitive layer heterojunction consisting of worm‐like PQD films and hybrid polymer semiconductors. The obtained ISTPTs display highly sensitive response to high‐energy photons of X‐ray (with a detection limit of 79 nGy s−1, that is 560 times lower than commercial medical chest X‐ray diagnosis) and ultraviolet (with photosensitivity of 5 × 106 and detectable light intensity of 50 nW cm−2 among the highest performance of reported photodetectors). In addition, these ISTPTs demonstrate desirable e‐skin characteristics with high strain tolerance, high sensing specificity, high optical transparency, and good skin conformability. The surface energy‐induced self‐assembly methodology for the preparation of ISTPTs is a critical demonstration to enable low‐cost and high‐performance optoelectronic skins.


Dynamic element matching (DEM) is often applied to multi-bit DACs to avoid nonlinear distortion that would otherwise result from inevitable mismatches among nominally identical circuit elements. Unfortunately, for such a DEM DAC to fully achieve this objective its constituent 1-bit DACs must be free of inter-symbol interference (ISI), i.e., the error from each 1-bit DAC must not depend on prior samples of the DAC's input sequence. This paper provides the first quantitative general analysis of the effects of ISI on the continuous-time outputs of DEM DACs. The analysis provides some surprising insights such as the conclusion that for certain types of DEM the only nonlinear distortion caused by ISI is second-order distortion. The paper also presents a digital pre-distortion technique that cancels the second-order distortion in the DEM DAC's first Nyquist band if information about the 1-bit DAC mismatches is available.


Little did the world know a 'global spider's web'2 of secret detention facilities and illegal transfers of suspected terrorists would be set up. Persons who were considered, for one reason or another, as targets in the 'war on terror' were either kidnapped by the CIA or arrested by allied forces and handed over to US military or intelligence personnel. The alleged terrorists were subsequently rendered (kidnapped) to another country where they were detained and 'forcefully' interrogated.3 The practice, also called extraordinary renditions, aimed at extracting information which could be used in the 'war against terror'. Most of the persons caught in the spider's web were never charged with any crimes. Several victims tried to claim reparations before the US Courts. However, they all remained empty-handed. Similarly, no one has yet been charged or held criminally responsible on US soil. Thus, the victims are left with an illusory right to reparation. Even the new Obama Administration, who passionately opposed the practice in the pre-election period, has not brought solace to the victims. Victims have been more successful on the European continent. So far, three victims received reparations: Ahmed Agiza and Mohammed Al-Zery received a financial compensation in Sweden, and Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr (hereinafter


: The Klotho protein has been linked to the promotion of cardiovascular health maintenance through its capacity to enhance resistance against oxidative stress, thereby exerting protective effects. The potential involvement of Klotho gene polymorphisms in the regulation of human aging and age-related disorders, including coronary artery disease, chronic renal disease, osteoporosis, and stroke, is under investigation. The objective of our research was to investigate the association between the rs9527025 (Cys370Ser) polymorphism of the Klotho gene and coronary artery calcification, as well as the potential link between the rs9527025 polymorphism and oxidative DNA damage. The study involved a sample of 90 patients who had undergone coronary angiography. The genotyping of Cys370Ser in exon 2 of the Klotho gene was performed using the polymerase chain reaction. The evaluation of oxidative DNA damage was conducted using the alkaline comet test. The findings of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant association between the distribution of alleles in the Klotho SNPs and the occurrence of coronary artery disorders. In the meantime, the total comet score frequency was significantly associated with the rs9527025 polymorphism. The results of our study indicate that Klotho gene variants, particularly the C370S polymorphism (rs9527025), might play a role in influencing oxidative DNA damage in age-related diseases, such as coronary artery disease. In consequence, larger studies are required to confirm the association between Klotho deficiency and the progression of cardiovascular disease in order to elucidate risk factors for coronary artery disease and develop potential therapeutic strategies.


As a result of their complexity, the purification of protein biopharmaceuticals poses challenges not encountered with traditional small-molecule drugs and requires lengthy series of chromatographic steps. Affinity chromatography (AC) is perhaps the most powerful chromatographic technique available, but is limited in scope because of the lack of suitable ligands for proteins for which no natural small-molecule binding partner or inhibitor exists. Current AC ligands used for targeting protein surfaces are primarily other proteins, such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or another binding protein. These ligands are expensive and amenable to rapid degradation under common column-cleaning conditions. Selective, chemically robust small-molecule ligands would greatly expand the scope and use of AC for the purification of biopharmaceuticals. However, small-molecule ligands targeting large protein surfaces are rare, despite significant recent achievements. The reason remains the inherent difficulty in designing small molecules that bind tightly and specifically to a large, featureless, amphiphilic, and flexible protein surface. In this study we have focused on identifying smallmolecule affinity ligands for human growth hormone (hGH) through the screening of a combinatorial library of compounds designed to mimic the interactions with its native receptor. Pioneering work has shown that the majority of the binding energy of the initial interaction between hGH and the extracellular part of its receptor (hGHbp) is conferred by a central functional epitope, or "hot spot", dominated by two tryptophan residues (Trp104 and Trp169) in close proximity on the receptor (Figure 1). 5] This ensemble of residues essential for binding suggests that small-molecule binders may be designed to mimic the interactions of the biological protein partner.


Calvin is regarded by many as the covenant theologian par excellence. For example, Lillback observed that Calvin's 'subtle weaving of the covenant into his system has caused many to overlook its presence altogether. Because others could not find it in a locus, they assumed it was not present. Yet the covenant was pivotal and presuppositional for Calvin's theology.' However, it was the Swiss reformer, Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575), who wrote a treatise specifically on the theme of the covenant.


We present an unusual impact trace of hurricane-prod cast type, which has been possibly generated by the very strong atmospheric winds, produced, in the northern part of the Dacian Basin, during the latest Miocene, i.e. Pontian times. The above-mentioned hypothesis is based on the presence of the planimetric details, along with the reconstruction of the transported body and the existence of the undulations made by the impact shock.


ABSTRACT Information retrieval (IR) is the science of identifying documents or sub-documents from a collection of information or database. The collection of information does not necessarily be available in only one language as information does not depend on languages. Monolingual IR is the process of retrieving information in query language whereas cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) is the process of retrieving information in a language that differs from query language. In current scenario, there is a strong demand of CLIR system because it allows the user to expand the international scope of searching a relevant document. As compared to monolingual IR, one of the biggest problems of CLIR is poor retrieval performance that occurs due to query mismatching, multiple representations of query terms and untranslated query terms. Query expansion (QE) is the process or technique of adding related terms to the original query for query reformulation. Purpose of QE is to improve the performance and quality of retrieved information in CLIR system. In this paper, QE has been explored for a Hindi–English CLIR in which Hindi queries are used to search English documents. We used Okapi BM25 for documents ranking, and then by using term selection value, translated queries have been expanded. All experiments have been performed using FIRE 2012 dataset. Our result shows that the relevancy of Hindi–English CLIR can be improved by adding the lowest frequency term.


In order to reduce the operational risk brought by the distributed power supply access to the distribution network, this paper establishes a reactive voltage opportunity constrained programming model with an objective function of network loss and voltage deviation of the distribution network in the new energy environment, and solves and analyzes the model with the MODE algorithm to verify the validity and correctness of the model and algorithm. After optimization, the voltage deviation and network loss of the system are reduced.


The only consolidated leftist party in Russia that formally incorporated terrorist tactics into its program between the turn of the century and 1917 was the Party of Socialist‐Revolutionaries (PSR), which came into existence when several autonomous neo‐Populist groups in Russia and abroad united into a single organization in late 1901. By 1905 it had become the most formidable political foe of the tsarist regime. Its members were not unique in proclaiming political assassination an expedient revolutionary method, but it was the PSR that came to be perceived as the 'party of terror', for the party was particularly notorious for its highly planned and frequently successful assassination attempts aimed at representatives of the central government in the capital cities of Moscow and St Petersburg.


THE ORIGINAL SPECIFICATION of the constant-elasticity-of-substitution (CES) production function by Arrow, Chenery, Minhas, and Solow [1] was restricted to the case of constant returns to scale. With this restriction it is possible to estimate the elasticity of substitution from the marginal productivity condition by regressing the value of production per worker on wage rate (both variables measured in logarithms). If, however, the CES production function is generalized to allow for the possibility of non-constant returns to scale, this method of estimation is no longer feasible. The purpose of this paper is to consider estimation procedures applicable to the generalized version of the CES function under various circumstances. An obvious starting point is to consider estimates obtained by fitting the production function to observations on output and inputs alone. These estimates are consistent if the input variables are non-stochastic or, if stochastic, independent of the disturbance in the production function. The CES function can be written in the form


Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was performed in several population groups including Caucasians, Negroes and Orientals. The red cells of a total of 244 individuals were examined for HGPRT and those of 265 for APRT and no variants were detected.


The fluid mechanical design methods and ideas have come from a large number of experiments by this method can get a better fan the basic technical parameters,but the fan's understanding of the flow field needs further study.As the fluid mechanics theory,in particular,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to the development of traditional design patterns in the complex,and time-consuming part of the advanced CFD techniques can be replaced by the numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics has gradually become understanding fluid mechanical conditions within the flow of an important means.In this "digital simulation" can fully understand the flow pattern within the fan,so as to improve the design of effective and reliable basis,greatly reducing the workload and cost of the experiment.


The aim of this study was to know the cumulative effect of cigarette smoke and stress to the Cortisol hormone increasing of mice. The Observe was done to 36 male mices BALB/C, that were separated into 4 groups which consist of 9 mices per group, that groups were control group, cigarette smoke group, electric foot shock group and combine of cigarette smoke and electicfoot shock stress group. After they were given repeating and increasing dose stressor during seven days, Cortisol hormone of mices were measured. The result of this study showed that combine of cigarette smoke and electric foot shock stress group had increasing of Cortisol hormone was higher as significant difference (p<0.05) than control groups, cigarette smoke groups and electric foot shock group. Conclusion showed the cumulative effect of cigarette smoke stressor and electric foot shock stress more increasing Cortisol hormone of mice. Keyword: Cigarette smoke, electric foot shock stress,


Abstract How does an emerging community of faith develop its identity in the context of a semi-hostile and increasingly nationalistic culture? The story of the early years of Lithuanian-speaking Baptists provides an interesting and informative case study. This article focusses on the formative stage of the Lithuanian-speaking Baptist movement during the interwar period of the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918-1940). It considers four main factors which contributed to the formation of Lithuanian-speaking Baptist identity: different ethnic and cultural groupings amongst Baptists in Lithuania; the role of the global Baptist family in providing both material and ideological support; the community's relationship with the Lithuanian state; and their stance towards the dominant religious context, i.e. the Lithuanian Catholic Church. Out of this dynamic emerges a picture of the particular ways in which these congregations, and especially their leadership, navigated their understanding of loyalty to the Kingdom of God in relation to their belonging to a particular national grouping.


In this study, we analyze land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in Korea, referring to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Good Practice Guidance (GPG) (2003), and propose a method for the systematic construction of statistics for LULUCF. Land-use changes across six categories, including settlement, forest, cropland, grassland, wetland, and other land types, were analyzed using digital topographic, land cover, and land zone maps from the Korea Land Information System (KLIS) using Landsat TM satellite images as primary data. The results of this study indicate that a classification system for each LULUCF category should be established to improve the statistical accuracy of this data and spatial big data applications for land-use analysis should be developed. Furthermore, a method is proposed for the systematic construction of statistics for LULUCF to determine the Korean national greenhouse gas inventory. An explanation of the recommended approach, including gathering satellite image data, LULUCF classifications, and establishing land-use change statistics, is presented. To fulfill the emission reduction targets set in the Paris Agreement, these greenhouse gas emission statistics are essential for different sectors to establish the diverse policies and action plans required to be effective. This will make the national-level monitoring of LULUCF more efficient, leading to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emission.


Human body communication (HBC) is a wireless communication method that uses human body as part of the transmission medium. It uses electrodes instead of antennas to generate electric field around the human body. This electric field forms capacitive couplings between transmitter, receiver, human body, and surrounding environment. Transmission from a transmitter on user's wrist to an off-body receiver touched by the user was investigated. The human body wearing a transmitter was modeled as a signal source connected to the receiver input. The equivalent output impedance is composed of impedance of the human body and the capacitance of the capacitive coupling that is affected by the surrounding environment and the transmitter arrangement. Equivalent output impedance was estimated by maximizing the received signal power by adjusting input resistance of the receiver and by inserting inductance. Three types of transmitter electrodes and two types of receiver stands (wood and steel) were used to evaluate influences on the equivalent output impedance.


Perceptions of sea-level rise in urban, environmental justice (EJ) communities are poorly understood. These communities' long-term vulnerability may increase as a result of the interaction of sea-level rise and legacy pollution. This article presents research on experience and perceptions of sea-level rise, flooding, legacy pollution/contamination, and health in an EJ community in northern Delaware. The community is in close proximity to documented brownfields and other hazardous sites, and is located where there are long-term projections of water inundation due to sea-level rise. Researchers administered quantitative surveys at local events that measured knowledge and concern for these issues; conducted focus groups that enabled a deeper understanding of survey results; and examined community perceptions relative to existing policy tools, including sea-level rise inundation maps and documentation of contaminated sites. The mixed-method approach created a baseline of perceptions on pollution, flooding, a health–environment connection, and sealevel rise. Key findings include the value of experiential knowledge of local flooding to improve efficacy of future policy prescriptions, and how a lack of knowledge of sea-level rise, coupled with great concern for it, might be explained by longtime familiarity with flooding issues in the community.


Enterococci are part of normal intestinal gut flora of animals and humans. Many studies have shown that enterococci from animal origin could represent an antimicrobial resistance genes reservoir for the human community. The two species Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are important in public health; they are responsible for approximately 12% of all nosocomial infections in the United States. In Canada, cases of colonization and/or infections to vancomycin resistant enterococci have more than tripled from 2005 to 2009. A total of 387 poultry E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, and 124 porcine E. faecalis isolates were identified and analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibilities. High percentages of resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines were found in both avian and porcine isolates. Two predominant phenotypic profiles were determined and analyzed by PCR and sequencing for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Various combinations of antibiotic resistance genes were detected; erm(B) and tet(M) were the most common genes. For the first time, plasmid extraction and hybridization revealed colocalization of erm(B) and tet(M) on a plasmid of ~9 kb in porcine E. faecalis isolates, and of erm(B) and tet(O) on a low-molecular-weight plasmid of ~11 kb in poultry E. faecalis isolates. Furthermore, we demonstrated, through mating experiments, these plasmids could be transferred. Results indicate that the intestinal enterococci of healthy pigs and poultry, which can contaminate meat at slaughter, could be a reservoir for quinupristin-dalfopristin, bacitracin, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes. To assess the use of a polyclonal antiserum AS on the contact interference of a high level bacitracin resistant (bcrRAB genes) pheromone-responsive plasmid, a multiresistant E. faecalis isolate of poultry origin was selected. After induction with pheromones produced by the recipient strain E. faecalis JH2-2, clumping of the donor E. faecalis strain 543 was demonstrated as well as high transfer frequencies in short time broth mating. Conjugative transfer of asa1, traB and bcrRAB genes and their colocalization were also demonstrated in the donor strain and a transconjugant T543-1 on a plasmid band of 115 kb by PFGE and Southern blotting. A MIC to bacitracin of > 2 048 μg/ml was obtained for both strains 543 and T543-1 whereas the recipient strain JH2-2 demonstrated a MIC of 32 μg/ml. Sequencing of the asa1 gene encoding for an AS, and


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 27 patients with Bell's palsy. T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR500/TE25-34) were taken before and after the intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA (0.1mmol/kg) with 0.5T superconductive MRI. There was significant enhancement at the geniculate ganglion and the horizontal segment of the involved facial nerve in 22 patients (81.5%) and at the vertical segment in 20 (74.1%). Enhancement at the meatal fundus was seen in only 4 patients (14.9%) and at the labyrinthine segment in 8 (29.6%). These results corroborate other evidence that the geniculate ganglion is involved most frequently in Bell's palsy. In addition, the enhancement of the proximal portion, i. e. the meatal fundus and the labyrinthine segment of the nerve, although not common, noted in this study may be important in the diagnosis and treatment of Bell's palsy.


The present study deals with some questions which points to the quilombola thematics from a brief definition of the term, realities and acquired rights, enfasizing the contradiction among the law and its effective appliance, mainly refering to the territorial rights and educational ones. This work was focused on the Mimoso do Kalunga traditional community, located at Arraias city, state of Tocantins, showing a deeply lack of its constitutional rights concerning to the human beings, also presents a precarious educational process, ignoring the values and culture itself.


Abstract The cognitive functioning as a general measure, is a criterion commonly used to define and operationalize successful aging(SA). The aim of this study is to analyze the specific role of memory (objective and subjective) and its relationship with the use of smart technology (ST) and SA.(Project-Conacyt-256589) Population based, random sample included n=453 community-dwelling older adults 60-years and older (mean age=72.51,SD=8.11 years,59.4%women). Memory was assessed through working memory(Digit Span Backward WAIS-IV), episodic memory, metamemory(self-report), subjective memory, and learning potential(RAVLT). SA was operationalized as no important disease, no disability, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, and being actively engaged. Participants were asked if they use cellphone, computer, or tablet. Pearson′s correlation test and linear regression models were performed. In total 11.2% were successful agers.53.6% used cellphone,14% computer,8% tablet, 44.1% any devise.Results show significant correlation between SA and subjective memory, learning potential and the use of ST. Results of the multiple regression analysis emerged on a significant model using the entered method:F=26.05,p>.000, explaining 21.4% of the variance of SA. Although objective memory measurements were no significant for SA, all memory measurements were related to the use of ST. Knowledge generated by this study reveals the specific role of the metamemory on the SA, underlining the relevance of subjectivity on aging. We need to reflect about the limitations of older adults to access to a digital world in order to achieve a SA.


Li Hong-xin, the chairman of China Paper Industry Chamber of Commerce and the president of Sun Paper, introduced that Sun Paper has formed the developmental mode for industry high-end, technology independent, enterprise responsibility and brand internationalization to have achieved the transformation from traditional paper industry to modern paper industry through transferring mode and adjusting structure. In 2010, the sales revenue of Sun Paper exceeded 20 billion yuan for the first time. In the early 2011, Sun Paper put forward grand goal of sales revenue exceeding 30 billion after two years' hard work.


In modern Web, where users log to social networks has become a daily activity, the success of these applications to attract more users is often justified by offering social presence to the user on these virtual spaces. Developing applications in software engineering domain is a collaborative task that requires implementing more sophisticated tools to support all suitable collaboration aspects. Web-based IDEs have experienced a series of changes compared to their desktop versions, tending therefore to become more able to implement new collaboration approaches and mechanisms. Within the lack of social aspect in web-based IDEs, collaboration between developers does not seem to be optimal. This article presents a study of social networks resources that can be operated through the use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) thus providing a social aspect to web-based IDEs. It points how we can use these resources to create new collaborative experience in software engineering field.


The rapid growth in the users of modern wireless data communications demands the additional bandwidth. To overcome this constraint of additional bandwidth, utilization of underutilized spectrum of the licensed spectrum is very much important. The traditional tactical radios are configured to operate with in a pre-defined portion of Radio Frequency spectrum. This approach limits the radio's ability to take the advantages of unused spectrum resources and to avoid unintentional jamming by friendly forces or intentional jamming by adversaries and it also faces the fear of hacking. Thus it is necessary to build the tactical radio that can dynamically sense, classify and coordinate access to the spectrum for more improved performance and robust operations. Cognitive Radio(CR) system breaks the traditional rules of strictly regulated wireless communication and spectrum allocation with the main goal to improve the overall spectrum utilization and efficiency. Spectrum sensing has gained attention with CR and opportunistic spectrum access concepts. Hence customized spectrum sensing approaches are required to meet cognitive tactical communication. Such technique called Energy detector will be analyzed for the tactical radios will be presented in this project work.


This paper presents a spatial abduction mechanism for an anthropomorphic robotic hand. This work is part of a larger research initiative aiming at the development of an underactuated hand using only four ac- tuators and as few sensors as possible. Nevertheless, this hand must have a large range of feasible grasps in order to execute the same grasping tasks as a human hand. Thus, an abduction system is developed in order to produce the abduction movement described in this paper. This abduc- tion mechanism is composed of two four-bar linkages, thor- oughly analyzed in order to obtain the prescribed abduction angles. In addition, their parameters are optimized so that the input and output angles remain identical throughout the trajectory. Finally, a prototype built using the optimum so- lution found here is presented.


The hypothesis of labelled detectors (or 'lines') is the present-day version of the basic Müller - Helmholtz doctrine. Müller's dictum of specific energy of nerves stated: "the same internal cause excites (…) in each sense the sensation peculiar to it". Helmholtz made 'the cause' external to the body and postulated that all knowledge about the world thus comes through the senses. The key word is specificity. The strong version of the hypothesis must treat detection - identification as a single task: a stimulus would be identified whenever it is detected. The weak version requires only that we identify a specific mechanism by which both detection and identification are achieved, even though the latter may require additional processing. In the general case, the strong version (with its ludicrous 'grandmother cell' as the neural substrate) finds little support. Detection and recognition of complex shapes (letters, faces, etc) aside, even discrimination between simple increments and decrements of luminance is difficult to attribute directly to a specific mechanism (in this case, the activity in either ON or OFF systems, respectively). This is demonstrated by experiment 1 reported here. However, perception of relative depth seems to conform to the strong version of the hypothesis, as experiment 2, also reported here, indicates. Thus, at least some specific neural mechanisms (in this case, probably the crossed and uncrossed disparity detectors) may be indeed linked directly to perception.


An asymptotic formula for the sum of the first n primes is derived. This result improves the previous results of P. Dusart. Using this asymptotic expansion, we prove the conjectures of R. Mandl and G. Robin on the upper and the lower bound of the sum of the first n primes respectively.


Drugs prescribed to induce ovulation in women with difficulties to achieve a pregnancy provoke potentially severe complications and may cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which is characterized by an increased ovarian volume, extravascular volume accumulation and reduced intravascular volume, electrolytic disorders, renal failure and tromboembolic disorders, which may put patient's life at risk. This paper includes epidemiology, classification, risk factors, treatment, prevention and prognosis of ovarian hyperestimulation syndrome.


Steven Covey, author of "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People" which has sold over 15 million copies, identified principals which also apply to modern Web 2.0 websites. In this updated webinar, website expert Darren Guarnaccia will discuss these leading pr


This article presents the formulation and the solution of a class of Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems, applied to optimal synthesis of process systems in a modular simulator environment. The proposed algorithm makes use of module, reduces the work of calculation on model equations, makes the size of MINLP smaller. The algorithm consists of solving alternate sequences of MILP master problem and NLP subproblem whose sizes have been reduced. The NLP subproblem provides the linearization information of the nonlinear constraints that relate the output variables to input variables specified explicitly. At the same time Data-Oriented Process Simulation system (DOPS) technique is used in the modular simulator environment. The HDA process is taken as a case study the capabilities of the process synthesizer. It proves that the proposed solution deals with complex MINLP problems satisfactorily.


This chapter discusses code division multiple access networks. The spread spectrum code division multiple access techniques requires the construction of spreading codes giving rise to a minimum of interlink interference. However, situations arise where the effects of interlink interference are amplified owing to operational considerations.


To ensure long-term energetic security and stability, it is necessary to work and develop in diversification, availability, profitability, and accessibility to several energy sources, which can be directly applied to all strategic sectors of the society, for example, the agricultural sector. Solar concentrators are devices designed to harness solar energy and convert the solar radiation into heat that can be used by solar dryers. The solar dryer is a technology that can be easily deployed and adopted in rural areas due to its energy efficiency and minimal environmental footprint.
 This paper develops a simulation model and parametric studies of a linear-Fresnel-solar-concentrator using air as HTF for agricultural drying applications, specifically to dry mango in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Parametric analyses are performed to evaluate the thermal behavior of the linear-Fresnel-concentrator based in inlet-solar-radiation, the number of primary reflective mirrors, length of the receptive cavity and HTF mass-flux. These studies have shown that the model reaches an equilibrium point with 14 primary reflective mirrors with a length of 7 meters each. Additionally, when there is a flux increase in the HTF, a linear correlation between mass-flux and temperature appears, and for inlet-solar-radiation there is a quadratic correlation.


The plate parameter measurement method can be applied to industrial intelligent control. It not only reduces the cost of plate parameter measurement, but also improves the accuracy and efficiency. Based on the practical application and research of object extraction on plate image, the paper proposes a kind of plate parameter measurement method based on ISL (Image Segmentation and Thinning) algorithm that combines image threshold segmentation with image region thinning. Under the premise of ensuring accuracy, the method can effectively eliminate the noise and movement interference and meet the demands of real-time.


Abstract In Australia, cultural policy settings differentiate between purported 'small-to-medium' and 'major' performing arts organisations, primarily in relation to their revenue size and institutional stability. This article publishes a quantitative analysis of the relative creative outputs of these Australian performing arts organisations, focusing primarily on the production of so-called 'new works': original cultural texts, created and performed recently. Using survey data from 21 Australian performing arts organisations, as well as aggregated government data regarding 173 performing arts organisations, and repertoire data for 8 symphony orchestras, across 7 years, we set out to determine the relationship (if any) of organisational scale and artform to the amount of new work in the Australian publicly subsidised performing arts sector. We find that the majority of the new work is produced by the small-to-medium sector. Smaller organisations are more likely to produce new work than larger ones, and large organisations produce relatively little new work. The small-to-medium sector has, in aggregate, larger audiences than the major companies. These findings have specific implications for Australia's lively cultural policy debate.


The author argues that in the eighteenth century the professional writer preferred to remain anonymous for three main reasons. In the first place there was no financial reward due to the lack of copyright protection. Writers did not reap the benefits of a reprint. In the second place the Republic was not a safe haven for nonconformist writers. In many cases it was a wise precaution not to put your name on the title page. In the third place the whole concept of the writer as an opinion-leader was incompatible with the constitution of the eighteenth-century Dutch Republic. It was in the democratic learning process that started with the downfall of the Ancien Regime that the wider acceptance of individual subjectivity as a positive quality emerged.


The overall aim of the thesis was to explore healthcare professionals' and volunteers'experiences of encountering older persons' existential loneliness, the significance ofthe care context, and fir ...


The National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) is an ongoing, national telephone survey of households with children in the United States used to measure influenza vaccination coverage. The data collected by NIS-Flu have similarities to data typically analyzed using survival analytic procedures. Estimates of vaccination coverage from the NIS-Flu survey are calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis procedures to account for censoring of the data. However, multivariable models to examine socio-demographic characteristics associated with receipt of influenza vaccination using NIS-Flu data have typically been done using logistic regression rather than using survival analytic methods. The logistic regression approach ignores the time-to-event and censoring characteristics of the influenza data and assumes that censoring throughout the survey period occurs equally among the comparison groups of interest. If this assumption is untrue, measures of association for receipt of influenza vaccine could be biased. Another approach used to address the censoring issues in NIS-Flu data is to restrict the logistic regression analysis to interviews conducted at the end of the vaccination period (i.e., March-June) when it is unlikely that many respondents would be vaccinated after the time of interview. However, this approach ignores a large amount of data, results in a reduced precision of estimates, and potentially exacerbates recall bias. This project assessed the feasibility, methods, and advantages of using a Cox proportional hazards model as opposed to a logistic regression model using full NIS-Flu 2013-14 season data and a logistic regression model using end of vaccination period data, This project also compared the results of Cox proportional hazards model from SUDAAN SURVIVAL and from SAS SURVEYPHREG procedures. Despite the slight underestimate of the associations between vaccination status and demographic characteristics, the logistic model remains a reasonable alternative to the Cox proportional hazards model in analyzing the NIS-Flu data. The SAS SURVEYPHREG and the SUDAAN SURVIVAL produced nearly identical Cox proportional hazards model results. Conclusions drawn based on the results from logistic regression and either of the Cox proportional hazards models using full or post-vaccination period NIS-Flu data are comparable. INTRODUCTION The influenza vaccination data collected by the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) has similarities to data typically analyzed using survival analytic procedures. Children for whom parents answer "No" to the question regarding whether their child had received an influenza vaccination are censored at the date of the telephone interview, indicating the child was not vaccinated by the time of interview. Children can, and some do, receive an influenza vaccination later in the influenza season after the NIS-Flu interview, especially for interviews occurring during the active vaccination months. However, the NIS-Flu does not follow-up with children to determine if vaccination occurred after interview. To account for this censoring in the data, estimates of vaccination coverage from the NIS-Flu are calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis procedures (CDC, 2010a, 2010b, 2013b; Lu, Rodriguez-Lainz, O'Halloran, Greby, & Williams, 2014). However, multivariable models to examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with receipt of influenza vaccination using data from vaccination surveys have typically been done using logistic regression in SUDAAN with the RLOGIST procedure rather than using survival analytic methods (Lu et al., 2014). The logistic regression model, although familiar to most analysts and researchers, ignores the time-to-event and censoring characteristics of the influenza data. The approach also assumes that censoring throughout the survey period occurs equally among the comparison groups of interest. If this assumption is untrue, measures of association for receipt of influenza vaccine could be biased. Another approach that has been used for dealing with the censoring issues with influenza survey data is to restrict the logistic regression analysis to interviews conducted at the end of the vaccination period, when it is unlikely that many respondents would be vaccinated after the time of interview (Santibanez, 2012). However, this approach ignores a large amount of collected data, resulting in a reduced sample size and reduced precision of estimates, and potentially exacerbates recall bias since the interviews included in the analyses take place months after vaccination for many respondents. The SURVIVAL procedure in SUDAAN utilizes the Cox proportional hazards model with complex survey data (RTI, 2009). SAS has extended its software capabilities for handling complex survey data; after releasing SURVEYMEANS, SURVEYREG, SURVEYFREQ, and SURVEYLOGISTIC in version 8.0 and 9.0, in 2010, an experimental SURVEYPHREG procedure was released with the SAS/STAT 9.22 giving SAS the capability of performing Cox proportional hazards regressions for complex survey data (SAS, 2010). Cheng compared logistic


Conservation programs have been a component of U.S. farm legislation from its beginnings in the 1930s. And from the beginning, those conservation programs have had multiple goals. Paid diversion of erodible land into conservation uses, introduced in the 1936 Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, was enacted largely as an alternative means of providing financial assistance to farmers by controlling supply after the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Suspended during World War II and its aftermath, when commodity prices were high, paid diversion of cropland into a Soil Bank was reintroduced by the 1956 Agricultural Act. The Soil Bank consisted of both fallowed cropland and a conservation reserve on which the government paid for measures that reduced erosion, enhanced wildlife habitat, and addressed water quality and other concerns. Similar provisions were contained in farm bills but were abandoned in the early 1970s, when commodity prices spiked because of Soviet grain purchases.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parents' positive and negative parenting attitudes on multicultural expropriation and the mediating effect of community spirit in the process. For this purpose, 1,336 first - year students who entered the university were sampled based on the 7th year data of Korea Youth Policy Institute for a regression analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the positive parenting attitude of the parents recognized by university students has a positive influence on multicultural expropriation, and the negative parenting attitude has a negative influence on multicultural expropriation. Second, Community spirit is found to have a positive influence on multicultural expropriation by university students and shown to have a partial mediated effect between positive or negative parenting and multicultural expropriation. Based on the above research results, various programs were developed and applied to enhance parents' positive parenting attitude and multicultural expropriation, and to promote positive parenting attitude and community spirit.


The advantages of excellent exposure and minimal scarring of the classical Weber-Ferguson incision for radical maxillectomy have been timeworn. But late complication of sino-orbital cutaneous fistula following radiotherapy and delayed healing often results in less than ideal results. Most common site for this fistula is the tip near the medial canthus, which is the point where the scar bears maximum tension and results in fistula formation. Due to persistent mucopurulent drainage and poorly vascularized tissue in the irradiated area, the repair options are limited and difficult. Here, we are presenting a case report providing a novel way for better postoperative results.


The following paper reviews on a framework of current trends, data analysis, evaluation of urban mobility including the factors affecting it using social media concept. By the end of the paper we will be summarizing the advanced
methods that are used for analyzing urban mobility. The main motive of this review is to suggest a suitable mechanism for urban mobility through Facebook events.


A simplified model for braided cables is presented. Based on this model, formulas of transfer impedance and inner and outer surface impedances that are different from those of one-cylindrical shells are derived. The formula for the diffusion term for the shield of braided cables is consistent with E.F. Vance's assumed formula (see ibid., vol.EMC-17, p.71-7, (1975)) which is verified by experiment. >


Abstract   The Public Health Service (PHS) needs a sufficient and well-trained workforce to fulfill core public health activities. Given the multitude of complex challenges, from often short-term crisis management to long-term health promotion, a better integration of science and practice in the PHS is essential. In Germany, there is a lack of systematically established cooperations and integrated training concepts. However, both are essential to ensure continuous knowledge transfer between science and practice. In the EvidenzÖGD study, representatives from practice, teaching and science jointly develop and pilot new qualification models to qualify public health professionals for work at the interface of practice and science. Based on a systematic analysis of existing collaborations and qualification models, 23 expert interviews were conducted to identify qualification approaches that will enable future public health professionals to work at the interface between science and practice. In a stakeholder workshop planned for July 2022, a multistage decision-making process based on strategic orientation mapping will be conducted to prioritize the identified approaches and generate ideas for new qualification models. In total 17 papers were analyzed and inductively coded according to three main categories. In addition to (1) context-related aspects, such as credentialing, recruitment strategies and resources, also (2) content-related aspects, such as training forms and didactical concepts were extracted. Furthermore, criteria relevant for the further development and continuation of the models (3) could be identified. By strengthening the scientific nature of practice in PHS and anchoring PHS-relevant topics in academia, the EvidenzÖGD project contributes to a sustainable strengthening of evidence-informed approaches in PHS practice. The evidence-informed, participatory development of a tailored qualification model is intended to promote the pilot of the model, which is due in 2023. Key messages • Integrated qualification models support the strengthening of evidence-based approaches in the public health service (ÖGD) and promote the integration of ÖGD-relevant issues in science. • Participatory approaches with explicit consideration of the perspective of young health professionals ensures that new qualification approaches meet the needs and requirements of future generations.


The paper proposes circuit design of high-frequency transformer-isolated converter and three-phase input without intermediate rectification of input voltage. A system was built using modular approach, i.e. each phase contains iden - tical high-frequency AC/DC transformer-isolated converters, the outputs of these converters have series connection. Application of principle of direct conversion allows reducing amount of elements in the source power circuit, thus, reducing energy loss. Besides, high-frequency energy transformation allows significant improvement of weight-dimen - sion characteristics of the system. Application of special algorithm of power key control provides for the possibility of active correction of input power factor and neutralization of circuit frequency harmonics in source output voltage that significantly reduces the requirements to output filter. The developed source has fast response and can be used for welding processes requiring high rates of change of arc current. 14 Ref., 3 Tables, 4 Figures.


Learning to live with a mental illness is difficult enough, but many people with that diagnosis face the additional challenges of discrimination and even hostility from a poorly informed public, says Otto Wahl, the new director of the University's Graduate Institute of Professional Psychology (GIPP). Wahl has devoted much of his career as a psychologist and educator to fighting the stigma and discrimination that often accompany mental illness. He is known nationally for his research on the subject and for his efforts to change the way mental illness is portrayed in the media. Among his many initiatives at GIPP, Wahl is working with six doctoral students to research how mental illness is depicted in children's television. The study is being funded by a $205,000 grant from the National Institute of Mental Health. Wahl became director of GIPP in August 2003, following a 25-year career at George Mason University in Virginia, where he was a professor of psychology and director of clinical training. He came to the University of Hartford with a distinguished reputation and a great deal of energy and enthusiasm for GIPP's mission of training students in community settings. "One of the things that attracted me to this program was its emphasis on civic engagement and community involvement, especially with underserved populations," Wahl says. GIPP is located on Woodland Street in Hartford, across from Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center. Approximately 30 to 40 students graduate from the institute each year with a doctor of Psychology (Psy.d.) in Clinical Psychology. Psy.d. programs like the one at GIPP prepare students to be practitioners in clinical and community settings, while Ph.d. programs in psychology are better suited for those who want to do research or teach in higher education. In many ways, the institute exemplifies the University's goal of active involvement in the community. The Psy.d. program has a strong practicum component, in which students work under supervision at mental health clinics, human service agencies, hospitals, prisons, and other organizations throughout the region. Currently, GIPP is affiliated with more than 70 different agencies and organizations, with an emphasis on those that work with underserved populations. For example, GIPP is currently involved with the Village for Families and Children in Hartford, a partnership in which doctoral students are working with victims of child sexual abuse. Wahl's strongest area of interest is public perceptions of mental illness. "The public has generally unfavorable attitudes and beliefs about people with mental illnesses. Those attitudes create a nonsupportive and even hostile environment and can make people reluctant to seek treatment," he says. Many of those misconceptions are fueled by the way mental illness is portrayed in television, movies, advertising, and other forms of mass media, he adds. Wahl is the author of two books: Media Madness: Public Images of Mental Illness (1995) and Telling Is Risky Business: Mental Health Consumers Confront Stigma (1999). Media Madness, which was reprinted in 2003, won a 1996 award from the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights in North America. Among his many professional affiliations, Wahl serves on the advisory board for the Rosalynn Carter Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism, a program designed to educate journalists about mental illness and support journalistic projects on mental health issues. In his latest research project, Wahl and six GIPP students are examining 270 hours of children's television programming to see what children are being taught about mental illness. The project is a follow-up to a smaller study of children's films that Wahl conducted at George Mason University. ■


The novel method describes the value of true isotopic pattern in conjunction with accurate mass for structural assignment of known and unknown nucleosides from urine samples.


Nitrogen (N) is recognised as a major constraint to crop production worldwide. This thesis evaluated the effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on N use in the field through studying the main N fluxes in soil and plants on a 30-day basis over four consecutive growing seasons in a maize-bean rotation in southern Nicaragua. The soil net N mineralisation response to the application of organic (chicken and cow manure applied at recommended dose and double dose) or mineral N sources was evaluated in an in situ experiment. To determine the N available for plant use, total plant N uptake was estimated by calculating the mass balance of soil mineral N pool. The measured aboveground N was related to the total plant N uptake within and between the growing seasons. Net mineralisation was found to increase significantly at the higher N rate of chicken manure compared with the other treatments. The soil mineral N increased significantly in the middle of the season in both maize and beans. Total N uptake was mainly determined by mineralisation rate and less by changes in the soil mineral N pool and very little by N leaching. For beans, the estimated partitioning of mineral N to aboveground parts was practically linearly related to the estimated total mineral N uptake. For maize, the fraction of N allocated to above ground decreased during the middle of the growing season. Grain yield increased at the higher N rates of chicken manure and mineral fertiliser. The grain yield response to added fertiliser N was similar to the corresponding response of net N mineralisation. This was explained by the aboveground N being almost proportional to the N mineralisation, the aboveground biomass being related to above ground N, and that grain yield was basically proportional to the aboveground biomass. It was concluded that the effect of fertilisation type on crop yield was mainly through its effect on net mineralisation, and that crop growth was always N-limited. Hence,the study suggests increased recommended fertiliser dose to increase yields in Nicaragua, and that quantification of soil N mineralisation is a main factor to control the effects of manure applications.


SAR target recognition has a solid theoretical foundation and broad application prospects in both civil and military fields. Model-based target recognition generally includes feature extraction and classifiers. The recognition speed is faster and the recognition effect is better under limited sample conditions. However, it needs to rely on feature analysis and designe manual features. On the high-dimensional logic, feature selection and feature combination are also difficult. Recognition methods based on deep learning generally include convolutional neural networks, deep belief networks, encoders, etc. and have high recognition accuracy. However the methods are highly dependent on the amount and distribution of data. In the existing research, part of the research involves the combination of methods based on model and methods based deep learning. This article analyzes and reviews the existing hybrid model combining the two methods on SAR target recognition.


Numerous protein-coding genesoftheprotozoan Trypanosoma brucei arearranged intandem arraysthat are transcribed polycistronically. Thepre-mRNAtranscripts are processed bytranssplicing, leading tothe addition ofa capped 39-nucleotide (nt) miniexon andbypoly(A) addition. We wished todetermine theorder oftheRNA processing events atthehsp70 locus andaddress thepotential occurrenceofcotranscriptional RNA processing. We determined therateoftranscriptional elongation atthehsp70locus inisolated nuclei, which measured between 20and40nt/min. ThislowrateofRNA chain elongation allowed ustolabel the3'endof hsp70 nascent RNA with ashort (about 180-nt) 32Ptail. Thestructure ofthelabeled nascent hsp70 RNAcould thenbeanalyzed byRNaseT,andRNaseT1/RNase A mapping. We showthatthetranssplicing ofhsp70 pre-mRNAdidnotoccurimmediately after thesynthesis ofthe3'splice acceptor site, andnascent RNA molecules thatcontained about550ntofRNA beyondthe3'splice acceptor site still hadnotacquired a miniexon. Incontrast, nascent RNA with a 5'endthatmappedtothepolyadenylation site ofthehsp70 genes could bedetected, indicating thatmaturation ofthepre-mRNAintrypanosomes involves a rapid cleavage of thenascent hsp70RNA (within seconds after synthesis ofthesite) forpoly(A) addition. Ourdatasuggest that polycistronic pre-mRNAisunlikely tobesynthesized intotoandrather appearstobeprocessed cotranscriptionally bycleavage forpoly(A) addition.


The author focuses on the last large work by F. Glinka "Mysterious Drop" (1861) dedicated to the matters of religion. Special features are analyzed of the poetic version of the apocryphal story about a robber who shrived on the cross and got to heaven. The conclusion is that the semantic core of the poem is Lord's Prayer made in hexameter. This meter is used nowhere else in the polirhythmic structure of the poem. A rhymed prayer with rhythmic accents plays a special harmonizing role in the artistic concept of the universe.


An approach is presented that can be used to enhance the realism of yacht fleet race simulations. The wake of an upwind sailing yacht is represented as a single heeled horseshoe vortex (and image) system. At each time step changes in vortex strength are convected into the wake as a pair of vortex line elements. These subsequently move in accordance with the local wind, self-induced velocity and velocity induced by the presence of the wakes of other yachts. An empirical based decay factor is used to eventually remove the far wake. A synthesis of sail yacht wake representations based on detailed 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations with wind tunnel test results are used to capture the initial strength of the combined main-jib vortex system and its vertical height. These were based on a typical upwind sail arrangement for a range of heel angles and in-line calculations for a pair of yachts separated by three boat lengths. This paper details the basis of the validated CFD results for a yacht at heel and the analysis of the CFD results to provide an approximate single line vortex method for the yacht. The developed algorithm will eventually run within the Robo-Race which is a real-time yacht race strategy analysis tool based on MATLAB®-Simulink® developed at the University of Southampton.


Abstract A two-stage inexact-probabilistic programming (TIPP) method was developed for water quality management in Zhangweinan River Basin, through coupling two-stage stochastic programming with inexact chance-constrained programming. The developed TIPP can handle uncertainties presented as both discrete intervals and probability distributions, and can support the assessment of the reliability of satisfying (or the risk of violating) system's constraints for accomplishing a maximized system benefit. It can also be used for analyzing policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic penalties when the promised targets are violated. Interval solutions under different constraint-violation levels have been obtained. They can be used for generating decision alternatives and thus help managers to identify desired policies under various environmental, economic, and system-reliability constraints.


Abstract : The Director of the Trident Integrated Logistics Support Division at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) manages a complex and dynamic budget that supports the provision of logistics products and services to the Trident Submarine fleet. This thesis focuses on analyzing the Logistics Division budget and developing a model where the impact of a budget cut can be predicted by Employing marginal costs. The thesis also explores the use of regression analysis as a means of forecasting the output of logistics end products. These forecasts are used in conjunction with historical cost data in the unit cost model. Recommendations for further research are included in Chapter V. Logistics Products and Services, Unit Costing, Average Variable Cost, Average Total Cost, Marginal Cost, Regression and Zero-based Budget.


The aims of this study to determine the impact of customer value and customer relationship marketing to customer satisfaction and its implications on customer loyalty. The research method used is descriptive verification method. The population is business customers of PT. Deanstey Modish Raya Bandung with the surveyed sample was 112 respondents. Survey mamanfaatkan google form for the deployment and filling questionnaire. The analysis technique used is path analysis. The result of the research shows that the respondents think that customer value variable, customer relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty are in good category, but many indicators are still not optimal. The influence of customer value on customer satisfaction is 32.3% positive and significant, the influence of customer relationship marketing to customer satisfaction is 13.7% positive and significant, the influence of customer value and customer relationship marketing to customer satisfaction simultaneously is 82.2% positive significant and the remaining 17.8% is influenced by anything else beyond this research. The last influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty is 84% positive significant and the remaining 16% influenced by other things outside this research. Keywords: customer value, customer relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty.


Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 24 ¦ Issue 4 ¦ July-August 2021 603 the trade name Translarna to treat patients with DMD due to stop codon mutations who are still ambulant and above 5 years. It works by interacting with the ribosome which reads through the stop codon and results in a functional protein. Real-world data from an ongoing multicentre registry indicate that ataluren with the standard of care, delays progression of muscle weakness in patients with DMD in routine clinical practise.[10]


The American Psychiatric Association recently realized that from its inception it had denied the one element of the psychiatric community which was per haps most important in maintaining the longevity of the organization. Prior to 1968 there was little pro vision for resident involvement. The APA, like many other organizations of its type, was run by the old vanguard. If a young psychiatrist was interested in influencing his profession through the organization, he had to work himself up from the bottom of the ladder which usually took many years. Often when that young psychiatrist finally reached a level of in fluence he was no longer young. In 1969, in an effort to get more residents in volved, the APA created a special membership cate gory, Member in Training, and instituted the Falk Fellowship Program. The latter, financed by the Maurice Falk Foundation of Pittsburgh, provides the opportunity annually for thirty residents from throughout the country to serve on National APA Committees. It was hoped that this would inform the young psychiatrist of APA structure while pro viding resident input into its top levels. The pro gram, now in its third year, has been successful but limited in reaching the total resident community. In the Fall of 1971 the APA asked six former Falk Fellows to form a Task Force to find ways of furthering resident involvement and to form better lines of communication between the resident and the APA. I was fortunate to be chosen both as a Falk Fellow and a member of this Task Force. I also served for a year as resident member of the Board of Directors of the Neuropsychiatric Society of Virginia. These assignments afforded me the op portunity to view the psychiatric scene. I would like to share with you a few of my observations.


The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) created the GRSS "Standards for Earth Observation Technical Committee" to advance the usability of remote sensing products by experts from academia, industry, and government through the creation and promotion of standards and best practices. In February 2019, a Project Authorization Request was approved by the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) with the title "Standard for Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Data and Metadata Content." At present, 4 GNSS constellations cover the Earth with their navigation signals: The United States of America (USA) Global Positioning System GPS with 31 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) operational satellites, the Russian GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema GLONASS with 24 MEO operational satellites, the European Galileo with 24 MEO operational satellites, and the Chinese BeiDou-3 with 3 Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO), 24 MEO, and 2 Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) operational satellites. Additionally, several regional navigation constellations increase the number of available signals for remote sensing purposes: the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System QZSS with 1 GSO and 3 Tundra-type orbit operational satellites, and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System IRNSS with 3 GEO and 4 IGSO operational satellites. On the other hand, there are different GNSS-R processing techniques, instruments and spaceborne missions, and a wide variety of retrieval algorithms have been used. The heterogeneous nature of these signals of opportunity as well as the numerous working methodologies justify the need of a standard to further advance in the development of GNSS-R towards an operational Earth Observation technique. In particular, the scope of this working group is to develop a standard for data and metadata content arising from past, present, and future spaceborne missions such as the United Kingdom (UK) TechDemoSat-1 TDS-1, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System CYGNSS constellation coordinated by the University of Michigan (UM). In this article we describe the scene study, including fundamental aspects, scientific applications, and historical milestones. The spaceborne standard is under development and it will be published in IEEE-SA.


Abstract: This chapter summarizes the recent advances in the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for repair, rehabilitation, and strengthening of steel structures. Conventional methods of strengthening and repairing steel structures are presented. The advantages and limitations of using FRP materials are summarized. Topics presented include strengthening of flexural members, strengthening with prestressed FRP materials, stress-based and fracture mechanics-based approaches to evaluating bond behavior, repair of cracked steel members, and strengthening of slender members subjected to compression forces. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of future trends in this field and a summary of other resources for further information.


XAS (x-ray absorption spectroscopy) and XMCD (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism) studies performed simultaneously give the structural and the magnetic properties of the same compound in rigorously the same thermodynamic conditions. The high pressure iron bcc to hcp phase transition has been studied with these combined techniques. The magnetic and structural transitions are sharp. Both are of first order and they occur in the same pressure domain, as theoretically predicted. The pressure domain of the structural transition is found at around 2.4 ± 0.2 GPa, narrower than usually described in the literature. No room temperature ferromagnetic order has been found in the iron hcp phase close to the transition pressure. The magnetic transition occurs in a narrower domain and slightly precedes the structural one.


Abstract : This report contains an annotated bibliography of papers which describe routing and design procedures used in circuit and packet switched networks and a topical index to these papers. Papers were selected either because they were judged to provide insight into routing algorithms potentially applicable to the future Defense Switched Network or because they provide background information on routing and network design. These papers contain studied of routing, congestion control, and network design performed using analytic models and event-by-event simulations. They also contain reviews of military networks, and descriptions of routing and design procedures for the current military telephone network (AUTOVON), the Bell System long distance DDD telephone network, and various packet switched networks including ARPANET and TYMNET. (Author)