What is corporate reorganization about? How ought we treat firms under financial distress? Should we even allow them to reorganize at all? These questions have motivated an ongoing debate about the purpose of Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code—and about bankruptcy law in general—that one commentator has dubbed the 'Great Normative Debate' in bankruptcy theory. However, even after several decades, the Great Normative Debate continues to rest on shaky ground. In fact, it is not much of a normative debate at all. Too often, bankruptcy theories are offered without much of a justification for their foundational norms or values. Instead, groups of bankruptcy scholars have engaged in a great deal of talking past each other as they appeal to each of their uncontested axioms.
In response to the normative shortcomings of existing theories, this Article will present a contractarian theory of bankruptcy by beginning with a different starting point than other existing theories: bounded rationality. I will argue that bankruptcy law and the political process by which norms and policy goals are determined can be justified as a contractarian response to bounded moral rationality. Reasonable people within a hypothetical choice situation would choose to rely on a democratic political process within a norm-generating community to supply the content of justice within a specific bankruptcy context rather than determine principles of justice in bankruptcy in the abstract. One of the most important normative implications for such a theory is the importance of ongoing consent as a foundational value for bankruptcy policy.


The presence of Archean granite forming the core of an updomed and overturned sequence of strata at Vredefort, South Africa, has been known for over 70 years. Recent geophysical, geochemical, and geological evidence has given rise to the proposal that the basement granite core has also been overturned, presenting a section of the earth's granitic crust to view and that radial traverses in the Vredefort basement penetrate through a ∼15 km thick section of the Archean crust, when moving from the contact of collar strata to the center of the dome. The upper levels of the Vredefort crust are dominated by a relatively homogeneous outer granite gneiss (OGG) displaying marked gradients in large ion lithophile elements. These rocks grade inward into the deeper levels which occur in granulite facies metamorphism. The deeper levels of the Vredefort crust exposed in the central parts of the dome consist predominantly of felsic Inlandsee Leucogranofels (ILG) which occurs interleaved with inclusions of mafic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks termed Steynskraal Metamorphic Zone (SMZ). A comprehensive isotopic study using four decay schemes (87Rb, 232Th, 238U, and 235U) on this crustal section is now reported. The results permit unique and direct tests on the theories of Archean crust forming processes. In the upper Vredefort crust, whole rock isochron ages of ∼3050 m.y. are obtained from the four decay schemes, and almost all evidence of an extended crustal history prior to ∼3050 m.y. has been obliterated. Establishment of strong vertical gradients in Rb/Sr ratio, shortly before 'setting' of Rb-Sr whole rock systems, has wide implications for the interpretation of Sr initial ratios. Although the Vredefort upper levels of the crust has a low 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio of 0.7019 ± 0.0002, it probably participated in a crustal prehistory for at least 500 m.y. In the deeper levels of the Vredefort basement the geochronology is much more complex. Rb-Sr and Th-Pb isochrons of ∼3500 m.y. are recorded in the mafic granulite relicts. A companion paper (Welke and Nicolaysen, this issue) provides evidence for an early crust-forming event in this sector ∼3800 m.y. ago. From ∼3500 m.y. onward, these deeper crustal levels did not undergo addition of new Archean crust-forming material on a major scale. Nevertheless, a most important younger Archean event affected these levels ∼2800 m.y. ago: cessation of high-grade metamorphism is recorded by setting of the Rb-Sr isotopic system in the felsic rocks and zircon U-Pb ages; an episode of strong uranium depletion affected both the felsic and mafic rocks of this sector ∼2800 m.y. ago. The Inlandsee Leucogranofels is evidently a rock unit with a long and complex history, beginning with the emplacement as a crustal unit at least 3800 m.y. ago. Since then it has been subject to reworking and resetting of isotopic systems which terminated ∼2800 m.y. ago. In the deeper crust there is scant evidence of a 3050 m.y. event. Similarly, there is no record of a ∼2800 m.y. old imprint in the upper Vredefort crust. Thus, the last major events that affected the geochemical constitution of the Vredefort upper and deeper crustal sectors differed in time and nature; nevertheless, they brought about isotopic setting in a downward moving sequence, while the overlying crust remained cooler, rigid, and unaffected. These events probably reflect significant discontinuities in the cooling of the Archean crust.


The composition and temperature dependencies of uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ are investigated by torque magnetometry for (1010)-oriented Co/sub 96-x/Cr/sub x/Ta/sub 4/ single crystal thin films (x=8-19 at.%). The K/sub u1/ and the Ku/sub u2/ values of Co/sub 88/Cr/sub 8/Ta/sub 4/ are determined at 290 K to be 2.2/spl times/10/sup 6/ and 5.9/spl times/10/sup 5/ erg/cm3, 6.9/spl times/10/sup 5/ and 5.3/spl times/10/sup 4/ erg/cm/sup 3/, respectively, with increasing Cr concentration from 8 to 19 at.%. When the temperature is increased from 290 to 450 K, K/sub u1/ of Co/sub 88/Cr/sub 8/Ta/sub 4/ thin films decreases by 27% to 1.6/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cm/sup 3/. The temperature dependencies of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ increase with increasing Cr content in Co-Cr-Ta films. The compositional and the temperature dependencies of K/sub u1/ and K/sub u2/ are related to the decrease in Curie temperature of Co-Cr-Ta material with increasing Cr concentration.


One embodiment provides an apparatus. The apparatus comprises a processor, a chipset, a memory, and a logic, a memory for storing process. The processor comprises one or more cores and for performing the process. The logic: processor utilization parameter in response to the internet (the PUP) greater than the detection utilization threshold (UT) acquires performance monitoring data; at least partially a function of the detected thermal and / or thermal cycling and the detected based on the identifying at least one of the spin cycle; using binary conversion to modify the spin cycle of the identified portion to create a modified process; and for recycling from the spin reorientation identified to process the modified portion .


This study estimates how the major flood zone, the rain-fed zones and permanent water bodies in the Lower Mekong River Basin contribute to the yield of fish and other aquatic animals.


Mosque to be one right choice of worship. Mosqueclosest to these areas are often chosen first before choosing theother mosques. Therefore made a decision support systemthat can perform a calculation to find the nearest mosque.This system use metode KD-Tree that peranya inthe system is to create a tree that will be used as groovecomparisons and calculations, and the Nearest Neighbormethod for calculating the shortest distance between the userand the mosque. With this system is expected to help the useror so travelers can easily get to the nearest mosque and asexpected.


The linear system of partial di erential equations is considered. It is assumed that there is an irreversible linear operator in the main part of the system. The operator is assumed to enjoy the skeletal decomposition. The di erential operators of such system are assumed to have su ciently smooth coe cients. In the concrete situations the domains of such di erential operators are linear manifolds of smooth enough functions with values in Banach space. Such functions are assumed to satisfy additional boundary conditions. The concept of a skeleton chain of linear operator is introduced. It is assumed that the operator generates a skeleton chain of the nite length. In this case, the problem of solution of a given system is reduced to a regular split system of equations. The system is resolved with respect to the highest di erential expressions taking into account certain initial and boundary conditions. The proposed approach can be generalized and applied to the boundary value problems in the nonlinear case. Presented results develop the theory of degenerate di erential equations summarized in the monographs MR 87a:58036, Zbl 1027.47001.


Objective To establish an inspection method for bacterial endotoxin in nitrofurazone rinse.Methods According to China Pharmacopoeia 2005,the tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)method was applied for the investigation of interference test.Results There was no interference to the reaction of bacterial endotoxin and TAL with the sensitivity of 0.25 EU/mL when the sample was 2-fold diluted.Conclusion The TAL method can control the limit of bacteria1endotoxins in nitrofurazone rinse.


Abstract The Kasparov groups are extended to the setting of inverse limits of G-C*-algebras, where G is assumed to be a locally compact group. The K K-product and other important features of the theory are generalized to this setting.


Studies of old Serbian letopis chronicles have not included sufficient explanations for the titles assigned to certain manuscripts. To enable easier use and identification of such texts, this work seeks to examine and explain certain facts from the field, to indicate overlooked characteristics, and to expand on previous scholarship regarding letopis chronicles. Following the most significant editions, primarily those of Lj. Stojanovic, attention is paid to discussion and changes in the lengthy process of assigning titles and codifying such texts, as well as to the leading roles of Stojanovic and Safarik in that process. Motifs in designations for the texts and lesser known reasons for individual titles are identified.


Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely used in recent years. Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is an EA for numerical optimisation problems. Recently, more and more researchers show interest in ABC algorithm. Previous studies have shown that the ABC algorithm is an efficient, effective and robust evolutionary optimisation method. However, the convergence rate of ABC algorithm still does not meet our requirements and it is necessary to optimise the ABC algorithm. In this paper, several local search operations are embedded into the ABC algorithm. This modification enables the algorithm to get a better balance between the convergence rate and the robustness. Thus it can be possible to increase the convergence speed of the ABC algorithm and thereby obtain an acceptable solution. Such an improvement can be advantageous in many real-world problems. This paper focuses on the performance of improving artificial bee colony algorithm with differential strategy on the numerical optimisation problems. The proposed algorithm has been tested on 18 benchmark functions from relevant literature. The experiment results indicated that the performance of the improved ABC algorithm is better than that of the original ABC algorithm and some other classical algorithms.


The invention provides a PCR amplification additive composition used for high-GC gene. The amplification additives are selected from two or more of 7-deaza-dGTP, betaine or betaine analog, DMSO, glycerin, formamide and polyethylene glycol. Compared with additives and the prior art, the PCR additive and an amplification method can realize the amplification of target gene with the template GC content of above 80%, and can realize the successful amplification of complex gene to be used in clinic detection; a PCR amplification obtained in the invention has the advantages of high specificity, single brand and no purification, and can be directly used in subsequent operations; and the PCR method has a low requirement on DNA polymerase, and can match with various commercial PCR kits.


Objective To investigate changes of CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 regulatory T cells (CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg) and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(Foxp3) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with asthma, so as to elucidate the possible roles of CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg in the development of asthma. Methods The peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 healthy controls (normal control group) and 78 patients with asthma which included 30 patients in exacerbation group, 25 patients in persistent group, and 23 patients in remission group. By using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, the CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs were detected. Results The CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs of exacerbation and persistent group were lower than that of remission group and normal control group (P0.05). Although the CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA of remission group were also lower than that of normal control group, but there were no significant difference between them (P0.05). Compared with persistent group, exacerbation group had lower CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA (P0.05). Conclusion The decrease of CD~+_4CD~+_ 25 Treg ratio and its function in PBMCs may be responsible for pathogenesis of asthma.


to take a practical approach to achieving appropriate oversight and mitigation of risk to the United States and to our markets. SUMMARY : The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) is proposing, pursuant to section 206 of the Federal Power Act, to amend its regulations to permit credit-related information sharing in organized wholesale electric markets to ensure that credit practices in those markets result in jurisdictional rates that are just and reasonable. The Commission seeks public comment on the proposed regulations. The Comment Procedures Section of this document contains more detailed filing procedures.


The classic defense methods, which include firewall-based software and hardware tools, signatures and rules, antivirus software, content filters, intruder detection systems (IDS), and the like, have completely failed to defend against unknown threats such as those based on zeroday vulnerabilities or new threats. These sophisticated and stealth threats impersonate reliable and legal information and data in the system, and as a result, the classic defense methods do not provide the necessary defense solution. The current defensive systems usually protect against known attacks, creating heuristic solutions based on known signatures and analysis that are already known attacks, 1 but they are useless against the increasing number of unfamiliar attacks that lack any signature. Solving this problem requires different thinking and solutions. This article proposes an up-to-date approach, based on an analysis of sensitive information that


The documented social‐subjects curricula for Scottish 5–16 year olds are analysed for representations of 'self‐in‐society'. Such representations are important in Scotland because it is expected that the new Education‐for‐Citizenship framework will in part be delivered through the social subjects. However, citizenship education is also relevant throughout the UK and beyond and our analysis of the social subjects has wider relevance. An ideal‐type analysis was used on documents including national guidelines, examination syllabuses, examination papers, and assessor instructions. Our analysis suggests that in these documents: the self is seen as an abstract; people are understood by category; society is the sum of discrete institutions; self‐in‐society is fully defined; and this representation of society is not contested. This representation becomes increasingly exclusive with age/ability and may be linked to assumed modes of curricular division, teaching and assessment. We discuss how this overall picture might affect students' sense of 'agency' in the light of citizenship education. We conclude that the social‐subjects' curricular representation of self‐in‐society may not fully support the Scottish Education‐for‐Citizenship framework.


The Fall 1953 issue of the Quarterly contained an article by G. D. Wiebe on separating opinions and attitudes. In that article, Mr. Wiebe attempted to differentiate between the two concepts and to show the hazards, particularly in choosing criteria of validation, of confusing them. In this article, Mr. Smith criticizes the methodological implications of the distinctions outlined in the earlier piece, and Mr. Wiebe defends them. Mr. Smith is on the staff of the Social Science Research Council, Mr. Wiebe is Research Psychologist for CBS Radio.


Perfectionism is analyzed from its conception,dimensions,assessments,classification,reason and affection.The excellent group's perfectionism is suggested to study in China.Besides,positive sides of perfectionism and reason for promoting people developing right personality should be focused on.


A large body of recent work on object detection has focused on exploiting 3D CAD model databases to improve detection performance. Many of these approaches work by aligning exact 3D models to images using templates generated from renderings of the 3D models at a set of discrete viewpoints. However, the training procedures for these approaches are computationally expensive and require gigabytes of memory and storage, while the viewpoint discretization hampers pose estimation performance. We propose an efficient method for synthesizing templates from 3D models that runs on the fly - that is, it quickly produces detectors for an arbitrary viewpoint of a 3D model without expensive dataset-dependent training or template storage. Given a 3D model and an arbitrary continuous detection viewpoint, our method synthesizes a discriminative template by extracting features from a rendered view of the object and decorrelating spatial dependences among the features. Our decorrelation procedure relies on a gradient-based algorithm that is more numerically stable than standard decomposition-based procedures, and we efficiently search for candidate detections by computing FFT-based template convolutions. Due to the speed of our template synthesis procedure, we are able to perform joint optimization of scale, translation, continuous rotation, and focal length using Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. We provide an efficient GPU implementation of our algorithm, and we validate its performance on 3D Object Classes and PASCAL3D+ datasets.


Multilevel inverter (MLI) is a new breed of power converter that is suited for high power applications. In recent years, multilevel inverters are becoming increasingly popular for high-power applications due to their improved harmonic profile and increased power ratings. Several studies have been reported in the literature on multilevel inverters topologies, control techniques, and applications. However, there are few studies that actually discuss or evaluate the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor(PMSM) drives associated with three-phase multilevel inverter. This paper presents a study of asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel with Sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM) fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor drive. In this case, asymmetrical arrangements of sevenand nine-level H-bridge inverters are compared in order to find an optimum arrangement with lower switching losses, with less no of switching devices and optimized output voltage quality In this paper simulation of SPWM are applied for performance analysis of PMSM using voltage source inverter. The THD and speed torque analysis for PMSM are simulated using MATLAB simulink. The carried out MATLAB simulation results show that the voltages are nearly sinusoidal with very low distortion, using less switching devices and torque ripples are greatly reduced.


The present study aimed to investigate why second year students of English at Batna2 University often fail to use polite requests properly. Methodologically, the researchers opted for a qualitative approach, and a case study strategy. To collect data, two tools were used: a classroom observation and interview. As for the sample, first year teachers of grammar were chosen purposefully. Ultimately, the findings revealed that the teachers of grammar focus on the linguistic structure, rather than its use and function in real life situations, and often neglect the pragmatic dimension. Accordingly, it was suggested that EFL teachers and learners should be aware of the importance of learning and using the linguistic form and relevant social and contextual features.


We introduce a novel method that describes the functionality and characteristics of an efficient VR recorder with replay capabilities, implemented in a modern game engine, publicly available for free.


Numerical analysis was done to evaluate the fluid distribution inside of the mixing quencher to increase the reaction efficiency of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the scrubbing column which is used for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Effective injection of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution in the mixing quencher has major effects for improving the reaction efficiency in the scrubbing column by enhancing the mixing of the aqueous H2O2 solution with the exhaust gas. The current study is to optimize the array of nozzles and the spray angles of the aqueous H2O2 solution in the mixing quencher by using the computational method. Main concerns of the analysis are how to enhance the uniformity of the H2O2 concentration distribution in the internal flow. Numerical analysis was done to check the distribution of the internal flow in the mixing quencher in terms of RMS values of the H2O2 concentration at the end of quencher. The concentration distribution of H2O2 at the end of is evaluated with respect to the different array of the nozzle pipes and the nozzle tip angles, and we also analyzed the turbulence formation and fluid mixing in the zone. The effect of the spray angle was evaluated with respect to the mixing efficiency in different flow directions. The optimized mixing quencher had the nozzle array at location of 0.3 m from the inlet duct surface and the spray angle is 15° with the co-current flow. The RMS value of the H2O2 concentration at the end of the mixing quencher was 12.4%.


The equity incentive system originates from western developed market economy countries. In the past few decades, the development of the equity incentive system has been ignored at the beginning and then widely concerned. Since China's reform and opening up, it has gradually explored the implementation of equity incentive system in China's listed companies, among which the equity incentive system for senior managers has widely existed. This paper first discusses the important cause of the equity incentive system: the agency problem. Then it describes the development process and types of equity incentive system in China and analyzes the obstacles and challenges in the development of the equity incentive system in China. Moreover, this paper pointed out some situations of equity incentive implementation where need to improve.


11035 Background: ROS1 chromosomal rearrangement (ROS1+) was described as an oncogenic driver in approximately 1% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Due to the structural analogy of ROS1 and ALK, crizotinib is a potent inhibitor of both targets. An expansion cohort of a phase I trial reported promising activity [Ou et al., ASCO 2013]. Here, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of ROS1+ NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib in a large European case series. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among European clinicians screening ROS1+ NSCLC. Eligible patients had advanced NSCLC, known ROS1+ NSCLC diagnosed by FISH and received crizotinib for at least 1 week at the dose of 250 mg BID through national access program or an individual off-label use basis. Treatment response was performed according to RECIST criteria version 1.1. Informed consent and IRB approval were obtained according to local regulations. Data were analyzed centrally. Results: We identified 28 ROS1+ NSCLC patients treated...


We carried out line survey observations at the 26–30 GHz band toward the four high-mass star-forming regions containing hot cores, G10.30–0.15, G12.89+0.49, G16.86–2.16, and G28.28–0.36, with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. We have detected HC5N from all of the sources, and HC7N from the three sources, except for G10.30–0.15. We further conducted observations of HC5N at the 42–46 GHz and 82–103 GHz bands toward the three sources, G12.89+0.49, G16.86–2.16, and G28.28–0.36, with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. The rotational lines of HC5N with the high-excitation energies ( K), which are hardly excited in the cold dark clouds, have been detected from the three sources. The rotational temperatures of HC5N are found to be ∼13–20 K in the three sources. The detection of the lines with the high-excitation energies and the derived rotational temperatures indicate that HC5N exists in the warm gas within 0.07–0.1 pc radii around massive young stellar objects. The column densities of HC5N in the three sources are derived to be (∼2.0–2.8) cm−2. We compare the ratios between N(HC5N) the column density of HC5N and W(CH3OH) the integrated intensity of the thermal CH3OH emission line among the three high-mass star-forming regions. We found a possibility of the chemical differentiation in the three high-mass star-forming regions; G28.28–0.36 shows the largest N(HC5N)/W(CH3OH) ratio of in units of (K km s−1)−1 cm−2, while G12.89+0.49 and G16.86–2.16 show the smaller values ( ).


We succeeded in synthesizing edge-brominated zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC-Br) as the key intermediate of edge-functionalization of ZTC via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction using dib...


We describe life history patterns and analyze population dynamics of an enclosed population of Hainan Eld's deer (Cervus eldi hainanus),an endemic,precious and endangered mammal which inhabited in Bangxi Nature Reserve of Hainan Province. Average life span among all animals was about 4.6 years (4.7 years for females,4.4 for males). Sexual maturity among females began at an average age of females was 16 months. Mean age of females at first parturition was just over 2 years. All offspring were produced in autumn and winter,the rainy seasons of tropical Hainan Island,when vegetation prospered and food was abundant,and favorable for juveniles to survive. The longest reproductive span of females was 8.5 years; among males,it was and the longest reproductive life span of males was about 4 years. Adult females produced an average of 1 fawn/yr (i.e.,litter size=1). The sex ratio of neonates (male∶female) was 1.33∶1.The mortalities of males were different from those of females at different age stages: Female mortality was higher than that of males in yearlings (0-2 years); adult male mortality was higher than that of adult females (3-8 years),suggesting that males had paid higher reproductive cost than females. Annual mortality was highest at older ages (-9 years) and male mortality was almost equal to that of females at senior stage,which showed that the seniors were the weakest and underwent strongest natural selection. A Leslie matrix suggested that,at stable age distribution,λ≈1.011,with a generation interval of≈5.12 years.


The CD30 antigen has an important role as therapeutic target in patients with CD30-positive Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) is an antibody that consists of the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody conjugated with an antimitotic microtubule inhibitor (monomethyl auristatin E). The high response rates and prolonged survival times seen with brentuximab vedotin have changed the treatment paradigm for patients with relapsed or refractory disease which led to its approval for patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous transplant or after more than two treatment regimens and who are not candidates for chemotherapy intensification and subsequent autologous transplant. It has also been approved for treating patients with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma who relapse after a line of chemotherapy treatment. It has undergone important clinical development in recent years, and now its utility is being evaluated at different stages of these diseases: as front-line therapy in treatment-naive patients, prior to autologous stem cell transplant, as an adjunct to stem cell transplant and to facilitate a consolidative allogenic transplant. Further investigation is ongoing to assess the potential benefit in other disease settings and other lymphoid malignancies. It has an acceptable toxicity profile, with its main toxicity being accumulative peripheral neurotoxicity. Mature data on overall survival and quality of life are pending. ASCT: Autologous Stem-Cell Transplant; CR: Complete Response; DLBCL: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; DFS: Disease-Free Survival; FDG-PET: 18-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; HL: Hodgkin Lymphoma; mAb: Monoclonal Antibodies; MMAE: Monomethyl Auristatin E; OR: Objective Response; ORR: Overall Response Rate; OS: Overall Survival; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; PR: Partial Responses; PTCL-NOS: Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified


Sharing incentive has function which can combine human capital owner's benefits with non-human capital owner's. By sharing residual claims, it constructs a new incentive mechanism to knowledgeable employees. It firmly pioneers a new way to improve organizational performance in high-tech enterprises. But in reality, there are many factors which restrict the design of sharing incentive contract and its effect. And there are also many issues deserving further research.


Superficial lymphangitis after insect bite is the result of an allergic reaction to the insect antigen. We present the case of a 22-year-old patient with no notable medical history, presented with a pruritic rash on the chest, two days after an insect bite. Unlike bacterial lymphangitis, the site of insect bite is not painful but pruritic.


Software engineering courses face the challenge of covering all the stages of analysis, development, maintenance, and support while addressing practical issues such as dealing with large codebase. Free and open source software (FOSS) and more specifically humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) have been used by many educators to bring many add-ons to computer science education such as innovation and motivation. In addition, FOSS/HFOSS could give a better understanding of real world projects to students. In this work, we are looking at some activities developed for teaching upper division undergraduate and graduate software engineering courses using open source software projects and analyze the impacts of using this approach on students.


Author Daye Mun, Hyunjin Kyoung, Myunghwan Kong, Sangdon Ryu, Ki Beom Jang, Jangryeol Baek, Kyeong Il Park, Minho Song, Younghoon Kim Affiliation 1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea 2 Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 2769, United States of America # These authors contributed equally to this work. ORCID (for more information, please visit https://orcid.org) Daye Mun (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3470-7632) Hyunjin Kyoung (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-5374) Myunghwan Kong (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-9382) Sangdon Ryu (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-8385) Ki Beom Jang (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-9569) Jangryeol Baek (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-2641) Kyeong Il Park (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3590-3993) Minho Song ((https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-5212) Younghoon Kim (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-0657) Competing interests No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.


Tests for the presence of oncornavirus‐like particles in human biopsies were made by the Spiegelman simultaneous assay for 70S RNA and RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and by detection of 600–900S particles, incorporating 3H‐uridine, produced by cultured biopsy cells. Thirty‐one malignant melanoma biopsies from 29 patients were studied. Using the simultaneous assay, evidence of virus‐like particles was found in 15/26 (58%) of melanoma biopsies, 0/3 naevi pool, 1/4 samples of skin adjacent to melanoma, 0/3 samples of normal adult skin and 0/3 prepuces. The velocity sedimentation technique was shown to be a useful screening test for oncornaviruses in studies of two virus‐producing mouse cell lines (TKL‐5 and WEHI‐22), and was positive with 7/9 melanoma biopsies. Overall, these results are compatible with the earlier findings of similar virus‐like particles in malignant melanoma cell lines, but the exact nature of the particles remains to be defined.


Hevea brasiliensis, a tree species of Amazonian origin, is the only commercial source of natural rubber. Natural rubber has been a strategic industrial raw materiel in the present world of Industrial development and higher population growth. Therefore, there is increasing demand for natural rubber for manufacturing more than 5000 products of domestic use and blending with synthetic rubber to making automobile tyre. But, the limiting factor is that the species is distributed only in few countries in the world such as South Asian countries, China and a few African countries. There is pressing need to identify new regions where the species can be grown profitably to produce more rubber to meet the increasing demand. Climate, topography, anthropogenic intervention and crop economics are the most important factors that determine the distribution of this species. Ecological Niche modelling is the most widely used approach to predict the distribution of any species with respect to appropriate climate and other variables. This book is designed to study the relation between the climate and distribution of Hevea species and to predict its potential to spread to new regions.


We apply an approach based on the Fokker-Planck equation to study the statistics of optical soliton parameters in the presence of additive noise. This rigorous method not only allows us to reproduce and justify the classical Gordon-Haus formula but also leads to new exact results.


Using Spanish Social Security data merged with Labor Force Survey data, this article analyzes the effects of entry labor market conditions on workers' careers two to three decades after graduating in Spain, a country well known for its highly segmented labor market and rigid labor market institutions. In contrast to more flexible labor markets such as in the United States or Canada, the authors find that following a recession the annual earnings losses of individuals without a university degree are greater and more persistent than those of college graduates. For workers without a college degree, the effect is driven by a lower likelihood of employment. For college graduates, the negative impact on earnings is driven by both a higher probability of non-employment and employment in jobs with fixed-term contracts. Although a negative shock increases mobility of college graduates across firms and industries, no earnings recovery occurs for the individual, just secondary labor market job churning. Results are consistent with the tight regulations of the Spanish labor market, such as binding minimum wages and downward wage rigidity caused by collective bargaining agreements.


1. A method is described for the estimation of phenylbutazone in biological fluids and tissues.

2. Phenylbutazone is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of man. Intramuscular absorption, on the other hand, is relatively slow, because of localization of the drug at the site of the injection.

3. Phenylbutazone at therapeutic concentrations is highly bound to plasma proteins. About one-third of a single dose of the drug is localized in plasma.

4. The drug is almost completely metabolized in the body. After discontinuance of dosage, the rate of biotransformation in man is slow, averaging about 20 per cent per day, but varies considerably in different subjects. Subjects with Laennec's cirrhosis of the liver metabolize the drug as readily as normal subjects.

5. Plasma levels of phenylbutazone are not proportional to dosage. Plasma levels achieved on doses of 1600 mgm. per day are only a few per cent higher than those obtained on doses of 800 mgm. per day. On both dosage regimens, absorption is complete and urinary excretion of the drug is negligible.

6. Different species vary markedly in the rates at which they metabolize phenylbutazone. The biologic half-life of the drug is about 72 hours in man, 6 hours in dog and rat, 5 hours in guinea pig, and 3 hours in rabbit.


Like many doctors across the country, I was delighted to see the launch of the UK version of the Choosing Wisely campaign by the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges,1 and equally disappointed to see the associated newspaper headlines …


Zero-order entropy has been applied as a basic scheme to the bit allocation among the eigenimages after the PCA transform in the lossy compression of spectral images. In this study, we enhance this allocation scheme by a nonlinear model. The exponentiation in the model is derived from optimization. The compression/reconstruction process is unsymmetric, the compression using optimization is time-consuming, hut the reconstruction is fast. The new model proved useful and it produced from 0.5 dB to 9 dB better quality compared to the original zero-order entropy allocation with test images from three different imaging systems.


Gender Issues is still a thing inherent in family life. It also can be found, in the social construction, attitudes that are unfavorable to women, like for example women marginalization, women's position subordination, or women's labeling that they are irrational. Those treatments have made women losing their rights in the decision-making in the family or social life. Thus, various efforts are needed to improve gender equity. The communication of Dakwah in the novel of Ainun and Habibie can be one of the efforts to achieve it. The novel of Ainun and Habibie firmly reflects Habibie's attitudes and perspective on gender. His expression of appreciation and respect to women is clearly pictured in the sentence like: "hidden behind the success of a figure two important women's role—a mother and a wife. Habibie, quoting Ainun's expression: "The big you and the small I", clearly describes Ainun as a wife who can create harmony and balance in their family life, and with her modesty giving the front position to her husband. The 'Ark' of Habibie and Ainun has managed to shift the state of the family—from nothing to everything, in many ways.


In this study a total number of 15 moribund gold fish (Carassius auratus) were collected from the fish farms of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. The bacterial infection in the eyes of the affected fishes was recorded. Isolation and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolate was done in laboratory. The bacterial isolate (GF1) was found to be positive for catalase, methyl red, nitrate reduction test, citrate, starch hydrolysis test and negative for urease, voges proskauer, indole, oxidase, gelatin hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis and lipase test. GF1 utilized glucose and sucrose as carbon source. The bacteria could tolerate upto 10% NaCl in the nutrient broth medium. The bacteria were found to be sensitive to the recommended doses of ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis revealed that the isolate contained 11 discrete bands ranging from 24.853 to 73.941kDa proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence was also done. Based on the morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis the GF1 isolate was identified as Bacillus sp.


Due to rapidly changing economic environment and technology, customer demand for the priority of market patterns, enterprises facing shorter product life cycle, fast delivery and other kinds of pressure. In order to survival permanently, enterprise must develop appropriate coping strategies, lean production has become the most popular production mode. In the literature, most of the studies about lean production focused their attentions on the relationship between lean production and organizational performance; only a few of them examined the effects of lean production on work stress. We recognized that in pursuit of better performance, enterprises should also consider employees' physical and mental health while implementation of lean production. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of lean production on work stress through task interdependence, job autonomy, job variety, job feedback, and organizational and colleague's support. We hope that this study can provide useful knowledge for companies to assist their implementation and management of lean production system. The subjects of this study were sampled from manufacturing companies and the data were collected by questionnaire survey. Two hundred and fifteen questionnaires were distributed and one hundred seventy three of them were returned, with a return rate of 80.5%. The final samples include one hundred and sixty subjects after excluding thirteen incomplete questionnaires. We used hierarchical regression to test our hypotheses and the results showed that:1. Task interdependence had significant positive relationships with both lean production and work stress; 2. Organizational support had significant positive relationship with lean production, but a negative relationship with work stress; 3. Lean production was positively related to work stress through its positive association with task interdependence; and 4. Lean production was negatively related to work stress through its positive association with organizational support.


In this thesis, the measurement of the inclusive Z-boson production cross section at the centre of mass energy of √s =13 TeV is first presented. The data analysed were collected by ATLAS during early Run 2 of LHC and correspond to a luminosity of 81 pb−1. The cross section measurement is performed separately in the electron and muon decay channels and in their combination. The ratio with respect to the W cross section is also performed in the same fiducial phase space, and it benefits from cancellation of some experimental uncertainties. Results are compared to NNLO calculations in perturbative QCD.
The Z boson is then studied in associated production with at least one and at least two b-jets, using an enlarged dataset (36 fb−1) collected by ATLAS at the centre of mass energy of √s =13 TeV. Integrated cross sections are measured at the particle level for both the electron and muon decay chan- nels. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of the leading b-jet transverse momentum and rapidity, the Z boson rapidity and the an- gular separation between the Z boson and the b-jet. For events containing two b-jets at particle level, the cross section is measured as a function of the invariant mass and angular separation of the two highest transverse mo- mentum b-jets, and as a function of the kinematics of the sub-leading b-jet. Results are compared to LO and NLO Monte Carlo predictions.
Finally, I present the work performed on the LUCID detector, the official ATLAS luminometer, to analyse calibration data with a 207Bi source, and the activity within the ATLAS muon performance group, to evaluate the muon reconstruction scale factors, using data acquired in Run 2.


This article utilizes Dusan Makavejev's semi-documentary film on Wilhelm Reich, WR: Mysteries of the Organism as case material for an examination of the interplay of idealization and ideology in Reich's work and that of his followers. The article seeks to clarify the original political and clinical intent of Reich's work (first presented at a meeting of the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, October, 13, 2006).


Summary Every curriculum establishment arises from the needs of the contemporary society in function to contribute to the formation of the professionals of high level, capable to be performed in diverse environments and to understand its time and its circumstance, as well as to impact in the transformation of the society. The study presents a proposal of design for the career of Economy of the ESPOL, where the curriculum bases be integrated; to present to the community of professors and students of the career of Economy the general curriculum objectives and private by specialty; to delimit the profile of the professional in terms of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and values. The methodology of investigation utilized this oriented to a focus where prevails the qualitative modality, and the techniques utilized are: Analysis of Official Documents, Focus Groups, Criterion of Specialists, triangulating. Additionally I am carried out a study compared with different Universities of Ecuador and of the foreigner being concluded that in many aspects is emphasized that the individual differentiates of the career of Economy of the ESPOL is their formation in business management and as similarities especially with the Universities of the foreigner is the formal mathematical aproach of the Economy, which has permitted to carry out agreements with them.


The dilemma of countryside is the dominate of the principle of the decreasing productivity of land,the exhausting production mode of petty farmer,lack of the participation of organizations and the difficulty to transform it into socialization and group production which emphasizes value.The put forward of the construction of new countryside is no doubt provides a new strategic assumption for the development of countryside.In order to solve the problems in the development and the transformation of countryside by using the assumption,we have to do necessary study on the organization problems in the countryside.Only by organizing the farmers together,can we construct new countryside under socialism,and only by making the farmers working together,can they find their own way of development.


The analysis uses a compressibility transformation and utilizes higher order closure rules to complete the transformation. By requiring that the momentum equations in differential form be satisfied at the wall and at the sublayer edge, correspondence rules are obtained which relate the variable property (VP) flow to a constant property (CP) flow in which mass transfer and pressure gradient occur simultaneously. A new CP formulation is developed and numerical results for a variety of cases are presented. Comparisons with earlier forms of the transformation and with experiment are included. For the zero pressure gradient case some differences between the various predictions are observed. For the several pressure gradient cases examined, the results are found to be essentially identical to those given by first order closure rules; i.e., by a form of transformation which relates the VP flow to a CP flow with pressure gradient but zero mass transfer.


The frequent appearance of the 'horse-collar aurora' pattern in quiet-time DE 1 images is reported, presenting a two-hour image sequence that displays the basic features and shows that it sometimes evolves toward the theta configuration. There is some evidence for interplanetary magnetic field B(y) influence on the temporal development of the pattern. A preliminary statistical analysis finds the pattern appearing in one-third or more of the image sequences recorded during quiet times.


512/ASQ, September 2010 As an undergraduate biology major, I was trained to see the world through a comparative lens. Having been fed a steady diet of taxonomies and typologies, I developed an inclination to sort, categorize, compare, and contrast virtually anything in the physical or social environment. When I later entered the world of organizational studies, I naturally gravitated toward works that sought to do the same—i.e., identify similarities and differences in organizational phenomena across cases or settings. Yet my keen interest in comparative analysis soon ran up against a common disdain for such work in contemporary management scholarship.


Born-containing radioactive waste water was treated by two stage reverse osmosis equipment in order to study the performance of desalting,removing of B and nuclides by the equipment.Results showed that operation pressure should be adjusted in order to avoid decreasing of permeation flux.The two stage reverse osmosis equipment displayed excellent performance of desalting,removing of B.The overall rejection efficiency of salts and B were above 99.50%and84.30%respectively.Furthermore,~(137)Cs and ~(90)Sr existing in the waste water could be removed effectively.


Disclosed is an apparatus for outputting an image which includes a filtering part outputting a second synthetic image with image data of a preset ratio by filtering a first synthetic image with image data on an object, and a control part controlling the filtering part to change the ratio based on an external input.


Review of the article ''On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances'', which was published in ''Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences'', vol. 3 (1874-78), pp. 108-248 and 343-524.


Since the Tax-share Reform implemented in 1994,China has experienced the over-growth of tax revenue along with the rapid economic growth.In order to study the impact of intergovernmental vertical tax competition on tax growth,this paper,using the provincial panel data of China from 1994 to 2010,introduces the tax decentralization index and the constraint index into the description of the degree of intergovernmental vertical tax competition in China.Supported by the method of panel unit root test,a static panel data model is specified and the partial coefficients of model variables are employed into the analysis.The results clearly demonstrate that under the control of economic growth and price index,intergovernmental vertical tax competition exerts a positive influence upon tax growth.Additionally,the extent of the impact rests with the level of vertical tax competition.Based on these,this paper puts forward some policy suggestion,such as adjusting the division of powers in revenue and expenditure between the central and local government,strengthening the construction of local tax,optimizing the intergovernmental transfer payment system,perfecting the legislation system of the standardization in tax revenue and fiscal expenditure,and so forth.Generally speaking,intergovernmental vertical tax competition refers to the tax competition specific to the same tax base between upper and lower level governments.This study mainly focuses on the behavior of the vertical tax competition in a narrow definition,namely the behavior between central and local governments.Tax growth refers to the growth of total tax revenue which does not exclude the price influence.Since the implementation of the Tax-share Reform in 1994,the central government reversed the financial condition and centralized most fiscal revenue and tax power,strengthening the capability of macroeconomic control.This kind of rearrangement,however,was still on the basis of the original intergovernmental expenditure responsibilities,and led directly the fact that local governments were trapped in less tax sources and fiscal difficulties.Therefore,the dominant power of the central government in fiscal revenue,tax power and systematic management,and the strategic response of the local government facing with the central pressure,together shape the situation of intergovernmental vertical tax competition.Undeniably,this situation brings about many problems,for instance,vicious horizontal tax competition,the irrational behavior of local officials,and the weakening of macroeconomic regulation and control in the central government.Now,it has been a significant part to establish a scientific pattern of vertical tax competition in China so as to standardize the competition behavior.Firstly,the division of the supply of public goods between the central and local government should be rearranged.On the basis of the clear division principles on government expenditure,the authority power in different government levels should be rationalized,which will advance the supply efficiency in public goods.Moreover,certain tax legislative power should be endowed to local governments.Relevant rules and regulation should hereto be set and implemented.Meanwhile,main types of tax should be elaborately selected.The retail tax should be selected as the main provincial tax,with the property tax as the main county tax.The environment tax,resource tax and income tax,at the same time,should be set as the subsidiary taxes in the local tax system.Furthermore,the system of intergovernmental transfer payment should be optimized.The implementation pattern should be adjusted and internal structure should be innovated to relieve the fiscal pressure in local governments.


It has been previously suggested that the incorporation of {sup 10}B-labeled drugs into tumor cells might significantly increase the dose to the peripheral tumor cells in {sup 252}Cf brachytherapy. The dose enhancement comes from the thermal neutron capture reactions of {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li. As a new cancer treatment modality, this so-called {sup 10}{und B}-{und E}nhanced {sup 252}{und C}f {und B}rachy{und t}herapy (BECBT) is currently being commercialized by Isotron. One of the challenges for implementing BECBT has been to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) to the normal tissue surrounding a tumor. Because the relative biological effectiveness for the {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li reaction products is greater than that for fission neutrons, the MTD should decrease as {sup 10}B concentration increases for BECBT. To more precisely determine the MTD for BECBT, we intend to conduct both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (rat) experiments with a 50-mg {sup 252}Cf source. We will use cell survival fraction and normal brain necrosis as the biological end points for the cell-culture experiments and rat experiments, respectively. To carry out these experiments, the neutron field to which the samples are exposed must contain a significant portion of thermal neutrons. The rat experiments furthermore » require the use of a very small and well-collimated neutron beam to effectively irradiate the rat brain while minimizing the dose to its whole body. This paper discusses the design criteria for the experimental neutron beam port and the computational work leading to its optimal configuration.« less


Which Parts of Scientific Explanations are Most Important? Benjamin M. Rottman (email@example.com) Frank C. Keil (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, Yale U., 2 Hillhouse Ave New Haven, CT 06520 Abstract more essential to the writer's purpose and is comprehensible independently of the first half, making it more important. In fact, Marcu found that his algorithm based on which components rely upon others for comprehension predicts peoples' judgments of which components are important for including in a summary. Extrapolating Marcu's (1999) hypothesis about text to explanations, it seems likely that people view components of explanations that are independently comprehensible to be more important than components that are incomprehensible without first knowing the independent component. For example, one must understand the basic concept of global warming (the average temperature of the earth is increasing) before understanding how greenhouse gasses contribute to global warming. Here we say that a component of an explanation, Y, "elaborates" on X when Y provides additional details about X and X must be understood first in order to understand Y. In our studies, we assess whether people identify important components of explanations as those that have the most elaboration – i.e., the most components that depend upon it in order to be understood. The current experiments investigated which components of large scientific explanations people think are most important. Instead of judging importance based on a textual explanation of the sort one might read in an encyclopedia, we were interested in situations when a person learns many facts and develops an explanation by combining the different pieces of knowledge. For example, a person might accumulate bits of related knowledge over time from multiple sources including testimony, direct experience, or even through induction and deduction. When devising an explanation, a person must sort through all this information and decide what is most important. Such a process may occur constantly in our daily experiences as we update our explanatory interpretations of the world, discarding unimportant information and retaining central concepts. Investigating how people identify important information in unstructured explanations is essential for two reasons. First, much of the previous work on importance has focused on intact text which contains many cues to importance (e.g,, topic sentences and conclusions and how sentences are ordered within paragraphs). Studying unstructured explanations can help us isolate structural and content factors that people use to identify import components from purely textual factors. Second, much of the previous research has focused on how people identify important parts of stories. However, narrative stories often follow one individual character on a temporal journey, and much of the work has focused on "story grammar" categories such as Given the depth and breadth of available information, determining which components of an explanation are most important is a crucial process for simplifying learning. Two experiments tested whether people believe that components of an explanation with more elaboration are more important. In Experiment 1, participants gave higher importance scores for components that they judged to be elaborated upon by many other components. In Experiment 2, the amount and type of elaboration was experimentally manipulated. Experiment 2 demonstrated that elaboration increases the importance of the elaborated information by providing insight into understanding the elaborated information; information that was too technical to provide insight into the elaborated component did not increase the importance of the elaborated component. While learning an explanation, people piece together the structure of elaboration relationships between components and use the insight provided by elaboration to identify important components. Keywords: Explanation; Science Education; Summarization Introduction A hallmark of modern culture is dramatically increased access to information. People are often confronted with an overwhelming depth and breadth of information for a given explanation. For example, consider how many pieces of information you have amassed from different sources about global warming. Is it most important to focus on carbon dioxide emissions from humans, sun spots, the ice-albedo positive feedback loop, methane release from peat bogs, or deforestation, etc? In order to limit our search for useful information and decide which information to try to understand and remember, we must focus on the most important components of explanations. Indeed, when learning a textual passage, people focus on the information they judge to be important, which leads to selectively better recall (e.g., Brown & Smiley, 1978; Johnson, 1970). What determines which components people think are most important? One common theoretical position is that information high up in a hierarchical structure of a text represents the most important information (e.g., Thorndyke, 1977). One modern approach from computational linguistics (Marcu, 1999) suggests that important components of a text can be identified by the discourse structure and the rhetorical relations in the text. For example, consider a text about Mars presented by Marcu; With its distant orbit … and slim atmospheric blanket, Mars experiences frigid weather conditions. Marcu argues that the first half of the sentence with... blanket is subordinate to the second half Mars ... conditions. The second half expresses what is


The semiclassical equations of a three‐level laser system are considered in this work. By applying the rotating wave approximations, a new simplified set of space‐averaged, but time‐dependent equations were obtained. The equations were found to be reliable for a finite polarization decay constant and in the range of weak and intermediate pumping intensities (pulsed) not larger than 1011 sec−1.


The subject innovation is directed to a pet a bath unit, to form an acceptable predetermined space inside the PET, PET the inner wall portion 100 in and out is provided with a transparent door of the possible; The inner wall portion 100 is disposed spaced apart on the outside, dog outer wall portion 200 forming the outer shape, such as different shapes or square and; Intervals in the insertion groove (611a) formed with iron bar 611 to achieve the grid interconnection in which the support plate 610 and the support plate 610, wire 620 is provided with a bottom part 600 which is installed on the upper surface and .; The inner wall a plurality of fixed nozzle 310, the wash water the injection nozzle unit 300 is provided with a plurality of rotating nozzle 320, which is rotated nature by the injection angle and the reflectivity of which the wash water to the inside high pressure jet 100 Wow; And a plurality of water supply pipe 410, a supply pipe 430 which forms a wash water supply path from the main feed pipe 420 and the water supply tank connected to the main supply line 420 for supplying the washing water to the spray nozzle (310, 320) the supply pipe 430 is cylindrical shampoo washing water is not shampoo or perfume automatically supplied to the supply pipe 430 as the high-speed movement in 440 and the fragrance supply tube portion 400 is a (450) is provided with; Said inner wall member (100) drain being collected not made to flow to the lower side contamination receiving tube 710 and the drain-receiving tube 710, a disk-shaped are installed in the bottom surface the first filtering net 720, and made of a fine mesh of a pointed shape It said first filtering net 720, the second filtering net 730, and the drain part 700 provided with a drain pump 740 to control discharging the polluted water to the outside is installed at the lower side with; And a blower 510 to provide alternating hot air and cold air to an inside of the inner wall portion 100 through the upper surface, side surface, bottom surface of the inner wall portion 100, the contaminated air in the inner wall portion 100, an outer wall portion 200, the transmission is provided with a hot air circulation hole (530) formed in the inner wall portion 100 in the warmth in the exhaust hole 520 and the inner wall portion 100 to exhaust to the outside so that the rotation movement toward the blower 510 rich (500); the configured including relates to a pet bath apparatus in a technical aspect.


Review(s) of: Ecosystem Guides: Ocean Surfaces of Australasia, by Damon Ramsey, Ecosystem Guides, 2009, ISBN 9780975747056, paperback, 180pp, col illus, RRP $29.95.


PURPOSE: An overhead electric power line insulator for power transmission is provided to extend and reduce an insulator according to need and to reduce replacing costs by changing a damaged insulator only. CONSTITUTION: A connection unit(12) is formed at the upper center of a body unit. A mounting projection bonding groove(13a) is formed the inner circumference face of the body unit. The mounting projection bonding groove fixes a mounting projection. One end of a spring is fixed to a spring mounting unit. A guide groove is formed between the mounting projection bonding groove and the spring mounting unit. A guide projection is movably combined with the guide groove. A fixture(20) is movably inserted into a fixture cradle groove of an insulator.


SUMMARY The pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were compared after single oral administration of 5 mg/kg bw to faunated and defaunated adult Angora goats. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a 2-compartment open model and were similar in both groups. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin in defaunated group were higher than those of faunated group except for 8, 12 and 24 hours, and Cmax in defaunated goats was also higher than other group (p 0.05). In conclusion, oral absorption of enrofloxacin in adult angora goats was slightly affected by defaunation. Despite of low oral bioavailability, once daily oral administration of enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg bw may be suitable in treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in Angora goats.


Abstract The present research was performed with an aim to develop an alternative preservative treatment method for marine- and shuttering-grade plywood. Per Indian Standards, 12 kg/m3 of retention is required in marine- and shuttering-grade plywood, which is very difficult to achieve. The higher loadings of wood preservative chemical are being achieved only by the pressure impregnation method. The pressure impregnation method requires energy to run the equipment, skilled manpower, and sophisticated instruments; a large amount of damage takes place to the plywood during the process. Hence, an alternative to this glue-line poisoning followed by hot and cold dipping of plywood has been found suitable to achieve the 12 kg/m3 of retention without affecting the glue and plywood properties.


Summary form only given. We study the possibilities of suppressing chaotic behaviour of the three-cell cellular neural network. We present the laboratory environment and experimental results of stabilization of one of the existing unstable periodic orbits, by means of applying small periodic perturbations to one of the circuit parameters. The results obtained are promising. The data acquisition and identification part work correctly. Based on time series obtained from the real process, we have found several unstable periodic orbits and their parameters necessary for the control. We have performed a number of control experiments. We have measured the performance of the system and noticed that the trajectory remains longer in the neighbourhood of the stabilized periodic orbit in the case when the control is active. We conclude that the control method is sensitive to noise and accuracy of the computed parameters of the stabilized periodic orbit. We believe that with some modifications a successful control is possible.<<ETX>>


Rotor speed is required for the independent control of active power, reactive power and to achieve maximum power and also for pitch control. Speed estimation is preferred rather than sensing from accuracy, cost and reliability point of view. Different Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) based speed estimation techniques are available for grid connected doubly fed induction machines. Performance of all the MRAS speed estimators has been studied under normal grid voltage. As per the new grid codes, wind turbine should remain connected to the grid during severe voltage dips [1]. Hence the performance of these speed estimators should also be studied under voltage dips. This paper compares the performances of different MRAS based estimators during voltage dips up to 50% and 5% of the nominal grid voltage. This paper also shows the effect of resistance variation on speed estimation during above mentioned operating conditions. Simulation has been performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are presented for various speed estimators.


The research presented in this paper has been developed within the European project MeLa* ("European Museums in an age of migrations"), which focuses on how contemporary migratory movements come to reshape the role of museums and archives as the privileged places of national identity and cultural memory.[1] The fundamental consideration on which the research is built is that today, under the impact of globalization and an increasing awareness of the positive role played by cultural diversity, museums can no longer pretend to represent culture in exclusively national or local terms, because they are facing the challenge of an increasingly diverse, transcultural and multilingual European society.


. The problem, dealing with Covid-19 vaccination campaign, has become extremely urgent recently. It has spontaneously launched a severe emotion-charged societal response in the world community. The society has split into two oppositional categories according to vaccination status principle. This article is aimed at providing of an in-depth look at three types of discourse (medical experts', political and social media discourse), in order to figure out the essence of a new unprecedented type of discrimination which hasn't been registered in the society before the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis of social discourse rhetoric on the matter of vaccination offers a clue to understanding of the reasons of protesting movements as a result of societal response to discriminatory governmental actions, such as mandating of vaccination for certain categories of people, imposition of limitations for unvaccinated people, fees and even imprisonment, which amounted to human rights violation. Theoretically, vaccination status discrimination has proved to be a specific social phenomenon characterized by a unique set of features, which is extrinsic to a stereotyped mode of discrimination, reported in sociolinguistic research.


Magnetoresistance of graphite materials measured at liquid nitrogen temperature is known to give information on graphitization degree and preferred orientation of the hexagonal carbon layers. This paper concerns magnetoresistance and orientation function for graphite material with axial orientation. We derived a mathematical relation between magnetoresistance and orientation function at first, assuming an orientation function for axial orientation to be propotional to the nth power of sine of the angle referred to an axis normal to the axial axis. Then, we defined three principal axes for the magnetoresistance, and related the components along these axes to the value of n. We obtained indirectly the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the orientation function through magnetoresistance data. Comparison of the value of FWHM obtained indirectly with that measured directly by X-ray diffraction is important. For this purpose, we chose mechanical pencil lead as the sample for investigation, because it is known as one of the representative materials with axial orientation. We carried out measurements of magnetoresistance at liquid nitrogen temperature and orientation function by X-ray diffraction for the samples. The results obtained were very satisfactory.


We propose a new robust head detection algorithm that is capable of handling significantly different conditions in terms of viewpoint, tilt angle, scale and resolution. To this aim, we built a new model for the head based on appearance distributions and shape constraints. We construct a categorical model for hair and skin, separately, and train the models for four categories of hair (brown, red, blond and black) and three categories of skin representing the different illumination conditions (bright, standard and dark). The shape constraint fits an elliptical model to the candidate region and compares its parameters with priors based on human anatomy. The experimental results validate the usability of the proposed algorithm in various video surveillance and multimedia applications.


The structure and method of resin-sealing a semiconductor device having reduced crosstalk and loss of the package is provided. First semiconductor die 42 is lower dielectric constant than that of the sealing resin, is covered by the buffer region 51 having a low loss tangent, or both. The sealing resin 47 to achieve a robust structure that surrounds the buffer area. Since the stray capacitance due to the lower side of the buffer region is reduced, crosstalk between coupled electrodes to the die or on the die is reduced. Parasitic losses in the sealing resin by the lower of the buffer area is reduced. The lower region or buffer area may be formed using an organic material having a low density, inorganic materials, or both. In another method of dispersing the hollow microspheres, or other fillers 52 in the buffer zone. By any of the seal layer formed between the buffer region and the sealing resin can be improved any porous buffer region. The dielectric constant of the buffer region is less than about 3.0, preferably has a loss tangent or both of less than about 0.005.


Fully making use of the existing rainwater system to collect all kinds of wastewater and the condition of natural rainfall reserve,through classification and collection of industrial wastewater,a set of better and more rational disposal plan is introduced to synthesize and classify wastewater to carry out reform of existing wastewater disposal system. After analysis and balance of industrial water system,the wastewater shall be processed to qualified water(original wastewater),and eventually realize zero discharge.


On behalf of all the Editorial Board members and the MDPI staff, I'm pleased to announce the publishing of the inaugural issue of the Kinases and Phosphatases journal [...]


The first law of black hole mechanics (in the form derived by Wald), is expressed in terms of integrals over surfaces, at the horizon and spatial infinity, of a stationary, axisymmetric black hole, in a diffeomorphism invariant Lagrangian theory of gravity. The original statement of the first law given by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking for an Einstein-perfect fluid system contained, in addition, volume integrals of the fluid fields, over a spacelike slice stretching between these two surfaces. When applied to the Einstein-perfect fluid system, however, Wald's methods yield restricted results. The reason is that the fluid fields in the Lagrangian of a gravitating perfect fluid are typically nonstationary. We therefore first derive a first law-like relation for an arbitrary Lagrangian metric theory of gravity coupled to arbitrary Lagrangian matter fields, requiring only that the metric field be stationary. This relation includes a volume integral of matter fields over a spacelike slice between the black hole horizon and spatial infinity, and reduces to the first law originally derived by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking when the theory is general relativity coupled to a perfect fluid. We also consider a specific Lagrangian formulation for an isentropic perfect fluid given by Carter, and directly apply Wald's analysis. The resulting first law contains only surface integrals at the black hole horizon and spatial infinity, but this relation is much more restrictive in its allowed fluid configurations and perturbations than that given by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking. In the Appendix, we use the symplectic structure of the Einstein-perfect fluid system to derive a conserved current for perturbations of this system: this current reduces to one derived ab initio for this system by Chandrasekhar and Ferrari.


This brief presents a new method of multi-dimensional signals transmission via one single transmission channel for chaos synchronization. The basic idea is to use both the sampling and holding modes alternately during the transmission process so that multi-dimensional signals can be transmitted by sharing the single transmission channel. The proposed method is then applied to solving simultaneous synchronization of multi-couple chaotic systems using a common single channel. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the method presented in the paper.


Model-predictive control (MPC) offers significant advantages in addressing constraint-related challenges and plays a pivotal role in self-driving car technology. Its primary goal is to achieve precise trajectory tracking while prioritizing vehicle stability and safety. However, real-time operations often face challenges related to computational demands and low computational efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel lateral control algorithm for self-driving vehicles, which utilizes the linear complementarity problem (LCP) instead of the conventional quadratic programming (QP) method as the MPC optimization solution. This innovative approach incorporates the electric steering system into the vehicle dynamics model, allowing for precise torque regulation of the steering motor and enhancing control accuracy. The MPC algorithm adopts the LCP solution method to calculate control signals based on the vehicle's state, ensuring both rapid and stable vehicle control. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPC algorithm, utilizing the LCP solution method, effectively addresses efficiency issues in the lateral motion of self-driving cars. This leads to improvements in both driving stability and real-time performance. Overall, this innovative approach lays a solid foundation for the practical implementation of self-driving cars.


Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) and its variants are widely used in industry, due to their strong interpretability. Secure multi-party computation allows multiple data owners to compute a function jointly while keeping their input private. In this work, we present Squirrel , a two-party GBDT training framework on a vertically split dataset, where two data owners each hold different features of the same data samples. Squirrel is private against semi-honest adversaries, and no sensitive intermediate information is revealed during the training process. Squirrel is also scalable to datasets with millions of samples even under a Wide Area Network (WAN). Squirrel achieves its high performance via several novel co-designs of the GBDT algorithms and advanced cryptography. Especially, 1) we propose a new and efficient mechanism to hide the sample distribution on each node using oblivious transfer. 2) We propose a highly optimized method for gradient aggregation using lattice-based homomorphic encryption (HE). Our empirical results show that our method can be three orders of magnitude faster than the existing HE approaches. 3) We propose a novel protocol to evaluate the sigmoid function on secretly shared values, showing 19 × -200 × -fold improvements over two existing methods. Combining all these improvements, Squirrel costs less than 6 seconds per tree on a dataset with 50 thousands samples which outperforms Pivot (VLDB 2020) by more than 28 × . We also show that Squirrel can scale up to datasets with more than one million samples, e.g., about 90 seconds per tree over a WAN.


The reaction proceeds with high regio- and stereoselectivity but the corresponding products are only formed in low to moderate yields.


Today, the opportunity to learn the process of making and creating Korean costumes is not common. Hanbok is mainly worn as a robe and limits of wearing these costumes can be due to its inconvenience and difficulty to approach. This study mainly analyzes dimensions of Hanbok and methods of calculation in 20 'Hanbok construction' books which were widely used in the current university lectures or the actual making. Also, make twelve patterns and conduct a dress evaluation of Jeogori. As a result, it has caused confusions in building Hanbok because of different Jeogori sizes and measurements. The methods of calculation were not unified as well. Designing a system of an adult women's Jeogori that takes advantage of patterns from each textbooks and complements the disadvantages based on the analysis of data from the dress evaluation and comparison of materials. The purpose of the study is to establish awareness of the traditional korean costume 'Hanbok' and its beauty. A Jeogori pattern and a basic body size, the ways to take measurements, and a standardized method of calculation should be set up for smooth creating and applying the design of Jeogori for the people who produce the Korean costume. This study could be a great help to make a wearable and aesthetic Jeogori reflecting the someone's body type and characters in real research and education.


The architectures of a single processor, a three processor, and a multiple processor system are described. The hardware circuits, and software routines required for implementing the three and multiple processor designs are presented. A bit-slice microprocessor was designed and microprogrammed. Maximum throughput was calculated for all three designs. Queue theoretic models for these three designs were developed and utilized to obtain analytical expressions for the average waiting times, overall average response times and average queue sizes. From these expressions, graphs were obtained showing the effect on the system performance of a number of design parameters.


Construction industry is a very complicated and complex environment that causes high accident rate. The development of advanced virtual world has become an important issue for safety education in order to reduce dangerous occurrence in the construction site. However, most researchers on virtual world still have limitations such as the offline virtual world simulation, the low level of interaction between users in virtual world, and so on. With the regard to this issue, this paper proposes the adoption online 3D world Second Life (SL) platform which allows students to perform role-playing, dialogic learning, and social interaction for efficient and effective construction safety and health education. In this approach, construction safety education model based on Second Life (CSESL) is developed, which consists of the following three modules: 1) Safety information and knowledge preparation to understand the critical causes of accident in construction site; 2) Collaborative simulation for safety case study to transfer unsafe case or dangerous occurrence information to 3D modeling; 3) Reflection on safety lesson for education and training to enhance practical safety knowledge by participating in 3D inspection game. The CSESL advantages and disadvantages are identified by testing the model using a real case scenario. This study presents the potentials and benefits of SL which could enhance construction safety and health education.


Narcolepsy is a rare condition in Israel. Currently, the incidence of narcolepsy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Israel is unknown. We are reporting a case report of a 51-year-old female of Ashkenazi Jewish descent who was evaluated for complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness and relative functional decline that immediately followed receipt of the Pfizer/BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Evaluation of patient reported data with polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test was consistent with narcolepsy with cataplexy, meeting the criteria for a diagnosis of type 1 narcolepsy. Further investigation included HLA testing. Prior studies have demonstrated genetic, immunological, and environmental factors associated with narcolepsy following other vaccinations. This case is a valuable contribution to the literature as there are no prior reports of type 1 narcolepsy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the State of Israel.


An efficient and practical stochastic gradient algorithm for calculating structural reliability index is presented in this paper on basis of geometrical principle of reliability index.Certain effective optimization tactics are adopted to adjust the stochastic search orientation and shorten search trace according to the(feedback) gradient information,so that the search direction for the target turns more accurate and gains higher efficiency.The simulations and demonstrations make it convenient to visualize and realize the factual performances and properties of the algorithm,to prosecute the detailed and comprehensive parameters(analysis).Three experimental examples show that the algorithm is applicable in calculating structural(reliability) index,and obtaining satisfactory precision as well.


The nose and supraglottic larynx appear to play significant roles in the modification of the breathing pattern in response to a nonirritating solution delivered as a microaerosol. Slower breathing, reflexly produced by such a method, might benefit partial airway obstruction by reducing turbulence and, therefore, the work of breathing without altering tidal volume.


Encouraged by the 1980 success of global smallpox eradication, the World Health Assembly in 1988 passed a resolution launching the Global Polio Eradication Initiative with its goal for the year 2000. At that time, it is estimated that there were >350 000 paralytic polio cases annually in 125 countries. Although the target of eradication by the year 2000 has long since been passed, it is noteworthy that despite the challenges of enormous obstacles and the expenditure of more than 10 billion dollars, thanks to the efforts of countless thousands of personnel and millions of vaccinators, by October 2015 only 39 polio cases were identified in the entire world, 30 in Pakistan and 9 in Afghanistan, all due to wild type 1 polioviruses. Type 2 virus has not been identified since 1999, and type 3 not since November 2012. Though numbers are reduced, the troublesome problem of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, nearly all type 2, persists (12 in the first 8 months of 2015) but is under attack by the plan to switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent (types 1 and 3) in April 2016 and the introduction of a single injection of trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine into all national schedules. Confronted with the challenges of persistent polio in their country, Alam et al [1] undertook an exhaustive analysis of the genomics of all type 1 polioviruses isolated in the most recent years (January 2013 through May 2015) from patients with acute flaccid paralysis and from sewage water in Pakistan. Surprisingly, their results revealed that the origins of these isolates other than in 2014 were not from the impoverished migrating populations of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, including North and South Waziristan, as had previously been assumed, but were from reservoirs of municipal sources in a number of major cities with poorly immunized poverty inhabitants. These data should enable those responsible for programs of poliovirus vaccinations to focus on areas truly at high risk and target those unfortunate children and adults. Alam et al [1] merit congratulations for their revelations, which could promote the elimination of wild poliovirus from the last country currently harboring foci of persistent poliovirus circulation leading to clinical illness. Barring any unanticipated outbreaks elsewhere, it seems possible that Pakistan (and the cases transmitted to Afghanistan) might mark the final foci of wild poliomyelitis. However, since this publication there have been 2 cases of paralytic disease in Ukraine and 9 in Madagascar, all attributed, however, to type 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. The continuing occurrence of vaccine-derived cases emphasizes the need to introduce inactivated poliovirus vaccine and eventually discontinue OPV in all global programs. Although this is more costly and currently requires vaccine administration by needle and syringe, current research efforts promise reduced vaccine costs with fractional intradermal doses and eventually with the use of needlefree devices. TheWorldHealthOrganization (WHO) has published its strategic plan to eradicate polio by 2018 [2], which optimistically focuses on the eradication of wild polioviruses, containment of polioviruses (both wild and OPV) in laboratories and vaccine manufacturing facilities, and measures minimizing the reintroduction of polioviruses.AllWHOmemberstatesendorsedthe resolution, calling for full implementation of the plan. Whether this plan will suffer the long incubation period (1988–2000–? 2015) of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative remains to be seen. Challenges will undoubtedly arise, not the least of which may be the current migration of millions to Western Europe from the troubled nations of Africa and Asia.


This article takes the "Architectural Construction Drawing Design" course of the Mooc online course platform as an example to analyze the data of the learners' traffic, video viewing, meeting classes, discussions and exams during the learning process on the intelligent online interactive guidance platform, and explore MOOC The relationship between the course pass rate, the flow of learning people and the behavior of learners, the main functions include course management, online learning, resource management, activity management, learning Q&A, learning evaluation, user management, teacher growth electronic portfolio and system management. In terms of technical implementation, the front-end and back-end separation methods are adopted to realize the processing chain of Nginx+Squid+IIS.


Equivalent circuits of electric machines are significant content in textbook of Electric Machinery.However,the textbook is focused on typical structures of electric machines.Therefore,there exist different kinds of equivalent circuits.Based on invariant principle of magnetic field and material properties,combined with coordinate transformation and referring winding,voltage equations with different frequencies are transformed into ones with identical frequency and unified flux linkage form.Furthermore,introduced new physical quantity AT2,i.e.,the product of magneto-motive force(MMF) per pole and equivalent turns of winding,magnetic circuit described by MMF and magnetic flux is redefined by AT2 and flux linkage.Unified electromagnetic coupling model of electric machines is obtained in this paper.Theoretical research exhibits the intrinsic nature of different types of electric machines with electromagnetic coupling and helps us to deeply understand the textbook of Electric Machinery.


Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medic is a traditional herb of the genus Capsella with long-standing Pakistan, India, Iraq, Cyprus, Turkey, Iran, Azarbayjan, Europe, Saudi Arabia, China and many other regions of Asian countries ethnomedical records. Preliminary studies from the animal model have provided valuable scientific evidence for its use, also the novel bioactive compounds.

This review aims to summarize the ethnopharmacology, selected scientific evidence on the pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of C. bursa-pastoris(L.) Medic over the past 38 years while identifying potential areas of further development of this herb as an economical adjunct.

The review covers literature pertaining to the evidence based on ethnopharmacology, therapeutic potential, and phytochemistry of C. bursa-pastoris(L.) Medic spanning from 1980 to 2018 available on Non-English journals and English/Non-English- MS worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, Wiley online library) and Ph.D. thesis databases (e.g., CKNI-China, JAIRO-Japan, Shodhganga-India, Myto-Malaysia, etc.)

Evidence suggests that the extracts and some compounds from. bursa-pastoris(L.) Medic
possessantimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle contraction, infertility, antioxidant,
cardiovascular, sedative, hepatoprotective and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor properties. C.
bursa-pastoris, besides having pharmacological profile has an acceptable nutritional value also due
to its novel bioactive compounds such as phytosterols, phenolics, flavonoids, fatty acids, organic
acids, peptides and amino acids.

Scientific evidence suggests that there is a strong pharmacological potential in developing
C. bursa-pastoris (L.) According to the Medic, it is a drug which is used in the treatment of
various disorders from antimicrobial to anticancer therapy. C. bursa-pastoris can be a rich source
for the advancement of novel drugs to treat many human diseases due to the wide range of chemical
constituents present in the plant. Various ethnomedical uses and phytochemicals responsible for
these uses have not been evaluated yet to their fullest.


Centralized control microcell radio systems use analog matrix switches to flexibly switch the modulated spectrum signals to each base station burst by burst. This allows personal stations to be tracked as they move between microcells so handover is seamless. The paper describes a newly developed high isolation analog matrix switch LSI for a centralized control microcell radio system. This switch uses cascade connections between input signal divider switches and output signal combiner switches to realize high on-off ratios. To minimize signal leakage, low-impedance output circuits, differential signal lines, and two package-leads per input port are employed in the inside of the LSI. Moreover, the matrix switch LSI has the emitter open type output buffer circuit configuration to minimize current leakage through the LSI substrate between the output transistors. The isolation value is better than -70 dB at frequencies under 40 MHz.


labour. In the present analysis however, this would be an oversimplification preventing a correct assessment of the class structure. The proletariat will therefore include only manual and semi-skilled labour. The distinction has its rationale in the fact that the middle class sells its labour in a seller's market, or at any rate in conditions less unfavourable to the seller than is the case for the proletariat. 9 Gann and Gelfand. op. cit. p. 79.


With the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography underway, there is considerable effort underway to improve EUV photoresists, so that they can meet the ITRS 2006 update requirements for resolution, line edge roughness and sensitivity. Nevertheless, the present limited availability of EUV exposure tools, and the high cost of such tools, has hampered the resist development effort. We have developed a simple, low-cost, technique to characterize different photoresist formulations for printing sub-100-nm features using EUV radiation. In the method presented here, a transmission mask is placed in close proximity to the resist sample and the resist is exposed through the mask. The mask used for this technique is a silicon nitride membrane with 50 nm gold layer which is patterned using a focused ion beam tool. The source for EUV light is a xenon based discharge plasma source from Energetiq. After developing, the resist images are measured in a scanning electron microscope to determine the feature size. Here we present results demonstrating sub-100 nm feature size using this method.


Research has found that students who actively participate in classroom discussions retain information better as well as learn more. Yet, faculty are frequently frustrated with their international students lack of active participation in classroom discussions. This session will examine what some of the barriers to participation are in terms of international students, as well as explore different methods and techniques to actively engage international students in classroom learning.


Agricultural land fertility is one of the most important in the success of farmers in producing rice. One of the efforts was to get results harvest optimal by controlling the environment growing on land of crops such as land, water, and other. It is required a monitoring system to make it easier for farmers through the environment rice growing plants. The methodology that was used to research applied some land determine ph, temperature and the humidity of the ground. Data from a sensor will be stored on a database. Data to be processed into information and can be accessed by the application of that has been created. The results of monitoring on cultivated land whose land moist and to be inundated by water is running a temperature 30,7℃ , the humidity of the ground 79,3% and PH 4,4, while a damp soil and not to be inundated by water is running a temperature 30,9℃, the humidity of the ground 74,4% and PH 3,35. The results of monitoring in the morning is running a temperature 18,9℃ , the humidity of the ground 74 %, and ph 3,4, while in the afternoon is running a temperature 30,3℃ , the humidity of the ground 74 %, and ph 3,33.


Since the laser was invented, laser has been applied in many fields such as material processing, communication, measurement, biomedical engineering, defense industries and etc. Laser power is an important parameter in laser material processing, i.e. laser cutting, and laser drilling. However, the laser power is easily affected by the environment temperature, we tend to monitor the laser power status, ensuring there is an effective material processing. Besides, the response time of current laser power meters is too long, they cannot measure laser power accurately in a short time. To be more precisely, we can know the status of laser power and help us to achieve an effective material processing at the same time. To monitor the laser power, this study utilize a CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera to develop an on-line laser power monitoring system. The CMOS camera captures images of incident laser beam after it is split and attenuated by beam splitter and neutral density filter. By comparing the average brightness of the beam spots and measurement results from laser power meter, laser power can be estimated. Under continuous measuring mode, the average measuring error is about 3%, and the response time is at least 3.6 second shorter than thermopile power meters; under trigger measuring mode which enables the CMOS camera to synchronize with intermittent laser output, the average measuring error is less than 3%, and the shortest response time is 20 millisecond.


Given the increasing importance of mobile data access, extending broadband wireless access has become a global grand challenge. Relaying has been introduced to enable wireless communication between users lacking a common link. Distributed relay networks (DRN) are a special case where the relay consists of many geographically distributed single-antenna nodes to achieve spatial diversity. In this paper we introduce a quantized DRN where the relay nodes perform vector quantization before broadcasting downlink signals to the users. We derive performance-efficient receivers for this system and investigate a strategy for bit allocation across quantizers of the relay nodes to enhance the performance.