A specific, very rapid, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for quantitative analysis of curcumin in human plasma has been developed and validated. Diazepam was used as internal standard (IS). The analytes were isolated using liquid–liquid extraction method with the mixture of ethyl acetate–methanol (95:5). The organic solvents were evaporated, reconstituted in mobile phase, and injected to UPLC completed with UPLC BEH C18 column 1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm Acquity® Waters as stationary phase, mixture of 0.15% formic acid–acetonitril (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase, and flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and detected in positive ionization mode tandem mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 369.05 → 176.95 and 284.95 → 193 for curcumin and IS, respectively. The retention times for curcumin and IS were 1.7 and 1.4 min, respectively, and the linearity range was 1–100 ng/mL with a coefficient corr...


In this paper, Based on a pedestrian suspension bridge, one calculation program, which considers the geometric nonlinearity and aerostatic nonlinearity, is prepared by using ANSYS parametric design language in order to calculate the nonlinear aerostatic response for the pedestrian suspension bridge. Then, the FEA model and section model of pedestrian suspension bridge are established to conduct the wind tunnel experiment for aerostatic force testing. And, based on aerostatic coefficients got from wind tunnel tests, the three-dimensional nonlinear aerostatic stability is also analyzed. The effect on aerostatic stability of pedestrian suspension bridge is principally studied by considering different values and arrangements of static crowd load. The results show that the increase of static crowd load could improve the aerostatics instability critical velocity of the main girder under the condition of a certain load distribution; The bridge is adverse state of stress under the crowd load of the longitudinal half of the full bridge which should be avoided; Setting wind-resistant cable can improve the aerostatic stability of pedestrian suspension bridge. The influence of static and dynamic crowd load on the aerostatics instability critical velocity are compared in this paper. And the aerostatic stability under the action of static and dynamic crowd load is analyzed by the displacement curve of main girder. In the calculation results, comparing the function of dynamic crowd load with static crowd load, the main girder is more likely to occur the aerostatic instability and torsion angle and displacement values is larger due to the dynamic action.


Drought is a major factor decreasing the growth, development, and productivity of rice in about one-third of the world area. The characterization of genes imparting tolerance to drought in rice, is an attractive strategy for genetic engineering to improve drought tolerance. It is demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of Brachypodium distachyon RING-H2 finger gene (designated as BdRHP1) enhances drought tolerance in rice at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. When subjected to drought, positive transgenic lines showed delayed wilting, and improved recovery after rewatering. However, the transgenic plants exhibited more significant germination delay and shoot and root growth arrest than WT under 5 μM abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. When they were subjected to drought at the reproductive stage, the transgenic plants lost water more slowly compared to WT and they had higher leaf relative water content. After 28 d of slow progressive soil drying, transgenic plants recovered better after rewatering and flowered earlier than WT plants. The yield of water-stressed transgenic plants was higher than that of WT plants. Together, the data suggest that BdRHP1 has a specific function in positive modulation of improving drought tolerance in rice.


This article presents our concept of an artificial hormone system for realizing a completely decentralized self-organizing task allocation using self-X properties. We present our newest theoretical and practical research results: we introduce a new and improved upper bound for self-configuration and self-healing, and show first test series that illustrate the timing behavior of self-configuration and self-healing.


We study how 9 different market participants trade with respect to 130 different stock return anomalies and how each participant's trades predict returns. Retail investors trade against anomalies, while firms' and short sellers' trades agree with anomalies. Institutional portfolios are weighted against anomalies, although some institutions' trades agree with anomalies after the anomaly-measurement date. Retail trades predict returns in the wrong direction, firms' and short sellers' trades predict returns in the intended direction, institutional trades do not robustly predict returns. The return-predictability of trades by retail investors, firms and short sellers can be either mostly or completely explained by anomalies.


A microelectronic package (290) having a substrate (230), a microelectronic element (170), e.g., a chip, and terminals (240) can have conductive elements (238) electrically connected with element contacts of the chip and contacts of the substrate. Conductive elements can be electrically insulated from one another for simultaneously carrying different electric potentials. An encapsulant (201) can overlie the first surface (136) of the substrate and at least a portion of a face (672) of the microelectronic element remote from the substrate, and may have a major surface (200) above the microelectronic element. A plurality of package contacts (120, 220, 408, 410, 427) can overlie a face (672) of the microelectronic element remote from the substrate.; The package contacts, e.g., conductive masses (410), substantially rigid posts (120, 220), can be electrically interconnected with terminals (240) of the substrate (230), such as through the conductive elements. The package contacts can have top surfaces (121) at least partially exposed at the major (surface 200) of the encapsulant (201).


Summary. 1. Water was removed by means of concentrated solutions from chloroplasts which were isolated from leaves of spinach and beets. During and after the dehydration Hill reaction and cyclic photophosphorylation with PMS as a cofactor were investigated. As osmotic material glucose, sucrose, lutrol and NaCl were used. 2. No depression of ferricyanide reduction was obtained in 3 M sugar solution and in 2.5 M lutrol solution. These concentrations correspond to a loss of water amounting to 90% of the total water of leaf cells. In contrast, cyclic photophos phorylation was already decreased in 1—2 M solutions of sugar or lutrol, that means by much less dehydration. In 3 M solutions only 5—25% of the activity of the water saturated controls remained. However, this decrease in cyclic photophosphorylation occurred only when chloroplasts were kept dehydrated during the light reaction. When chloroplasts were permitted to return to optimal water conditions photo phosphorylation was no longer inhibited. Therefore, extensive loss of water leads to reversible uncoupling of photophosphorylation from electron transport. 3. Relatively low concentrations of NaCl (as compared with sugar concentrations) damage the ability of chloroplasts to perform Hill reaction and photophosphory lation. Inactivation of the reactions is partly reversible at low concentrations of NaCl and irreversible at high concentrations. 4. The osmotic potential of leaves of sugar beet increased with increasing dehydration. Within a limited range the osmotic behaviour of the cell sap of leaf cells during dehydration was identical with that of NaCl solutions. 5. The possibility of correlating in vitro experiments in which dehydration is simulated by exposure of chloroplasts to various solutions with in vivo experi ments using intact leaves which are dehydrated to different degrees is demonstrated.


The dynamics of collective protein motions derived from Molecular Dynamics simulations have been studied for two small model proteins: initiation factor I and the B1 domain of Protein G. First, we compared the structural fluctuations, obtained by local harmonic approximations in different energy minima, with the ones revealed by large scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It was found that a limited set of harmonic wells can be used to approximate the configurational fluctuations of these proteins, although any single harmonic approximation cannot properly describe their dynamics.


Before the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the main dialect of the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang river,such as Guishan County,was classified as Cantonese.Until the late Ming Dynasty,this main dialect had experienced an evolvement during which it had been becoming a Hakka-like dialect,which was determined by the situation that the Hakka had gradually become the main local ethnic group,with the coming of Hakka immigration wave.We can see that Bendihua(vernacular) should be the product of indigenous people's ethnic self-identity during their interaction with the Hakka in the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang river in the late Ming Dynasty,linked to the historical background of the conflict between this two ethnic groups as well as our study on the self-title "Bendihua"(vernacular) which has apparent ethnic group-distinguished color.The basis of Bendihua(vernacular) should be Cantonese,and its Hakka characteristic was the result of affection from the Hakka later.


Despite the prominence given by Shakespeare to the 'healing of the king' in All's Well That Ends Well, criticism of the episode has been both sketchy and unenlightening. Writers intent on demonstrating its failure point to the incredibility of the king's cure or to the inconsistency of the heroine's motives. Those arguing for its success speak of the simple sympathetic response that an appeal to romantic source materials would likely have evoked. Either way, preoccupation with questions of literary modes and standards, the critical legacy of W. W. Lawrence's influential pioneer interpretation, has obscured the extent to which the meaning turns not so much on subtleties of literary perception as on matters of contemporary medical interest.


Condition-based maintenance programs for modern helicopters rely on algorithmic techniques to estimate the useful life remaining for life-limited components. Regime-recognition-based condition-base...


This paper has proposed an algorithm that accounts for the dynamics of an operating vessel within the Velocity Obstacle collision prevention method. This algorithm provides the basis for selecting joint maneuvers by course and speed with the assigned start for divergence with multiple "targets" by determining, applying a sorting method, a representative set of acceptable maneuver options. In order to employ the method of sorting, we have selected the ranges of change in the maneuver parameters (course and speed) and performed their sampling at a small enough step. One finds, for all pairs of discrete values of change in the course and speed, taking into consideration the dynamics of an operating vessel, a trajectory and duration of a maneuver, with determining, at the time it ends, the location of an operating vessel and "targets", as well as it is to be established if it is accompanied by the intersection of "target" danger domains. If none of these domains is crossed, the maneuver option is considered acceptable. The totality of such joint changes in course and speed, derived from sorting, creates a set of permissible maneuver options. When finding this set, the dynamics of an operating vessel is taken into consideration simplistically. It is believed that the turns are performed at a constant angular speed, a change in the linear speed at braking can be represented by a power polynomial of second order, and changes in course and speed in the joint maneuver are independent. The "targets" involve circular danger domains whose center is shifted, from a "target's" center of mass to the stern, by 1/3 of the domain's radius. This radius has been amended to include the size of a "target" and an operating vessel. To test the resulting algorithm, the software has been developed in the Borland Delphi programming language. Employing it for calculations has confirmed the operability of the algorithm. That enables the derivation, in real time, of a set of velocity vectors for divergence taking into consideration the dynamics of own vessel, which makes it possible to improve the accuracy of forecasting and the safety of calculated maneuvers. The use of displaced circular danger domains for "targets" makes it possible to take into account the unequal degree of risk when crossing their course along the bow and stern


The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), one of the excitatory amino acid receptors, has been implicated in the control of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion through facilitation of luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone (LHRH). Interestingly, the ability of NMDAR to stimulate LHRH release is significantly compromised in castrated animals. The present study had three aims. Firstly, to standardize the optimal conditions used to amplify the DNA for NMDAR subtype-1 (NMDAR-1) in the sheep. Second, to determine whether a difference exists in the distribution of DNA for NMDAR-1 in different hypothalamic regions in intact male sheep. Finally, to determine if testicular steroid hormones are involved in NMDA receptor expression in the hypothalamus. The DNA of NMDAR-1 was amplified by RT-PCR in four quadrants of the hypothalamus (dorsal-rostral, ventral-rostral, dorsal-caudal, and ventral-caudal quadrant) of intact and castrated male sheep. The optimal conditions to amplify the DNA of NMDAR-1 were 1.5 mM MgCl , 100 nM of primers and 59°C annealing temperature. In experiment 1, there was no effect of quadrant on the DNA expression of NMDAR-1 in the hypothalamus of the intact male sheep. Experiment 2 revealed that castration reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of DNA for NMDAR compared to that in intact males. Taken together, these data suggest that NMDAR-1 is widely expressed in the hypothalamus of male sheep. Furthermore these experiments suggest that testicular steroid hormones are 496 Recibido: 25 / 07 / 2005. Aceptado: 08 / 05 / 2006. involved in the regulation of NMDAR-1 expression at the DNA level, which allows understanding of its involvement in the modulation of different activities including reproduction.


In this paper, a statistical model is developed to determine the number-average and weight-average molecular weights of a branched polymer system formed through random branching of polymer chains. The average properties of the branched structures formed by T-shaped junctions and by H-shaped junctions through random branching of polymer chains are compared in detail. The model indicates that the H-shaped chain connections can form a gel molecule while the T-shaped chain connections alone can not cause gelation. Because only the randomly branched polymers for an equilibrium system are considered (under Flory's simplifying assumptions), the present results would not be a rigorous proof that the H-shaped junctions are required to form a gel molecule in any type of reaction system. However, the present paper shows that the Macosko-Miller model can be applied to this type of problem in a straightforward manner. The gel point for the branched structures formed by H-shaped junctions can also be determined by the model.


Objective: To assess the impact of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Package among pregnant women regarding correct knowledge of susceptibility of the low birth weight neonate to certain morbidities. Study Design: A community based intervention study. Place and Duration of Study: Field practices areas of Urban Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh (UP) India, between September 2008 to August 2009. Participants: 200 pregnant women (100 pregnant women from each intervention and nonintervention groups) were enrolled. Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Statistical Analyses: Data analysed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Significant difference was Research Article Annual Review & Research in Biology, 3(4): 350-357, 2013 351 determined using Chisquare test. The impact of Behaviour Change Communication was assessed using relative risk and difference was accepted significant at more than 95% (p value 0.05) between two groups regarding correct knowledge about susceptibility of low birth weight infants to different conditions. Due to impact of BCC Intervention, knowledge regarding susceptibility of LBW baby to infection was increased to two times. Knowledge regarding susceptibility of LBW baby to yellow palm and sole was increased to four and half times. Knowledge regarding susceptibility of LBW baby to feeding difficulty was increased to seven times and knowledge regarding susceptibility of LBW baby to hypoglycemia was increased to 4.75 times. Knowledge of mother regarding susceptibility of LBW baby to infection, yellow palm and sole, feeding difficulty and hypoglycemia were increased significantly (p-value <0.05) in the intervention group due to impact of the BCC package on 7 day of follow up and was maintained on the 28 day after delivery. Conclusion: There was significant improvement in pregnant women regarding correct knowledge about susceptibility of the low birth weight neonate to different conditions.


This chapter traces the historical evolution of working time and internal labor markets in the United Kingdom. The term "internal labor market" refers to the shielding of employment relations from the external labor market through mechanisms such as seniority policies, employment protections, internal promotion ladders, and differentiated job structures based on skill and knowledge development. The chapter then looks at the temporal organization of labor at PartnershipCo. It considers wage rates and pay structure, employment protections, mobility, and promotion opportunities, but finds that flexible scheduling is the most significant means of securing control. Flexible scheduling was found to be highly manager-controlled, even when institutionalized working time regulations were present.


In order to improve the precision of video shot segmentation, this paper presented a new method for video shot seg-mentation based on local similarity. The improved locality perserving projections ( LPP), which preserved the local distributioninformation of the data manifold, was proposed to extract effective viedo feature. It obtained similariy samples with the samemodel using affinity propagation clustering, and then built the connection matrix of LPP based on similariy samples, determinedthe optimal projection dimension by the correlation coefficient of model between dimension reduction before and after. The algo-rithy proposed local support vector machine (LSVM) baesd on similariy samples to detect video shot boundary. The resultsshow that the proposed method based on local similarity improves the precision of video shot segmentation in the stage of viedofeature extracting and shot boundary detecting.


Optical diagnostics have been proven to be an eective tool to investigate the mechanism ofthe laser annealing of silicon thin lms. Amorphous and poly-crystalline silicon lms of 50 nm inthickness have been annealed via laser processing to unravel the laser crystallization mechanism.Optical diagnostic...


In the previous study, a paired structured light-based deformation measurement system which incorporates lasers, cameras, and screens was proposed and experimental tests validated the potential of the proposed system. However, the experimental tests were limited to the relatively short distance and the estimation was based on an assumption that there is no initial deformation. In this study, a calibration of the initial offset is performed from the first vision scene, and then the deformation based on the initial position is estimated. The dynamic deformation estimation tests at a longer distance are performed to prove the scalability of the proposed system. These experimental results show that the proposed paired structured light system can successfully estimate the relative deformation and can be applied to the large civil infra-structures such as long-span bridges or high-rise buildings.


Intelligent substation has the advanced function of distributed intelligent decision-making,which is the intelligent node of forming smart grid.Performing the pilot study of intelligent substation has the fundamental significance for East China Power Grid to comprehensively advance the construction of the unified and strong smart grid.Based on the analysis of the difference between intelligent substation and digitalized substation,the prospective functions and features of intelligent substation were elaborated in detail,the research levels of the related fields in domestic and abroad were summarized and,in particularly,the necessity and superior conditions of conducting the pilot study of intelligent substation in East China Power Grid were elaborated.


In this paper, a new steady-state model of a three-phase asynchronous motor is proposed to be used in the studies of electrical power systems. The model allows for obtaining the response of the demand for active and reactive power as a function of voltage and frequency. The contribution of the model is the integration of the characteristics of the mechanical load that can drive motors, either constant or variable load. The model was evaluated on a 2500 kW and 6000 V motor, for the two types of mechanical load, in a wide range of voltage and frequency, as well as four load factors. As a result of the evaluation, it was possible to verify that, for the nominal frequency and voltage variation, the type of load does not influence the behavior of the powers and that the reactive power is very sensitive to the voltage variation. In the nominal voltage and frequency deviation scenario, it was found that the type of load influences the behavior of the active and reactive power, especially in the variable load. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the model proposed in the simulation software of electrical power systems.


The main aim of this paper is to exam the local dimension of the university and industry linkages. It is widely recognized in the literature that academic research is an important source of new knowledge to the innovative efforts of the firms. Many authors, such as Audrescht and Feldman (1996), Acs and Varga (2005), Breschi and Lissoni (2009), have shown that academic research is positively correlated with firms' innovation at the geographical level. There are two reasons that are pointed out for this correlation. First, there are many ways in which knowledge generated by academic research can spill over to the firms, such as research papers, patents and informal contacts. Second, geographical proximity can encourage cooperation between academic researchers and the RD allow the identification of the localization of the firm and of the research group. Among the 5,132 interactions between firms and research groups, it was possible to see that 43.6% of interactions occur inside the same city; 51.2% inside the same region; and 75.3% in the same state. These results show the importance of the local dimension of the interactions between academic research of the university and innovative efforts of the firms. In addition, it was done some empirical tests in order to identify the main factors that contribute to foster university-industry linkages.


We re-examine the Crab nebula, using five years of COMPTEL observations. A 30 bin 0.78–30 MeV spectrum is presented. It shows a spectral break at the edge of the COMPTEL energy range, and connects well to the EGRET spectrum, probably reflecting electron energy losses in the synchrotron emission scenario. Such a smooth continuum model alone may not be sufficient to explain the observations. A weak bump in the spectrum at 1–2 MeV may be present. No evidence for distinct line emission is seen.


Thrombotic events are among the most dangerous complications of pregnancy. Therefore, selection of appropriate tests and standardization of techniques used for accurate diagnostics of blood coagulation system state is of great importance. In this present study, we monitored several molecular markers of the dangers of intravascular thrombus formation and estimated the platelet function in pregnant women during gestation. We performed independent measurements using the same methodology for different cohorts of patients recruited in Kyiv (Ukraine) and in Szeged (Hungary). D-dimer and soluble fibrin were measured using ELISA. Protein C (PC) level was estimated using chromogenic substrate assay. Fibrinogen concentration was measured by spectrophotometry using thrombin-like enzyme. Platelet function was estimated by aggregometry. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistically significant increases of fibrinogen concentration from first to third gestational trimester was shown for both studied cohorts of patients (5-6 mg/ml at third trimester on average). Applied methods allowed us to detect the same tendencies of decreases in PC level as well as the appearance of moderate amounts of D-dimer (up to 300 ng/ml) and SF (up to 10-15 ug/ml). Platelet function was increased on the first trimester of pregnancy and decreased during following trimesters slightly. Results indicated the changes in the blood coagulation system of pregnant women during gestation with the same effectiveness independently of the selected cohorts, time and place of measurements. The application of the proposed diagnostics algorithm may allow estimating the risk of thrombotic complications during pregnancy. Keywords: D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, pregnancy, soluble fibrin, thrombosis


Economic subjects give more and more consideration to decisions connected to the measurement of performances and supply chain metrics. This paper explains the performances of categories within the supply chain which can be measured and according to that, influence on the continuous improvement of business processes. As the market is constantly changing, the supply chain adjusts to the fast changes thus ensuring a better position on the market. In order to be competitive and sustainable, economic subjects within the supply chain must also be able to adjust and quickly respond to the changes in their surroundings. Besides the presentation of the performances, measured in four categories (customer service, internal efficiency, demand flexibility and product development) and considered from a theoretical point of view, the paper also analyses the application of the same on concrete examples. The importance and the role of metrics results from the following: the measurement of performances gives a diagnosis of their current position, determines the future goals of all participants in the supply chain for the purpose of achieving greater efficiency in sum and furthermore, it gives the results which identify the current state of each individual category. It should be mentioned that the obtained results will also suggest the areas which can be improved and thus result in certain changes in the method of work. Economic subjects which think in accordance with the trends on the market will try not just to be a part of the supply chain in order to reduce business expenses and increase profit, but will also consider metrics as an important tool in supply chain management.


Furfural residue ,an industrial waste,is a kind of strongly acidic organic materials.Its comprehensive utilization in agriculture showed a significant effect on control of soil alkaliztion,amelioration of solonetz and increase of crop yields.In detail it may adjust pH,depress alkalinity,reduce bulk density and compactness and increase water permeability and retention ability of the soil.Meanwhile agricultural use of furfural residue provided an effective way to avoid its pollution of the soil,water and air.


Vacuuminduction melting is indispensable in the manufacture of Niand Co-basedsuperalloys and other sophisticated alloys becauseof their reactivity with atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. The paper describes the technology of melting and refining in a vacuuminduction furnace, the programmablefurnace control and metallurgical results. Thepaper also describes subsequent remelting processes like VARand ESRwhich makeit possible to meet the very high quality requirements for aerospace applications.


Works on creation of long-lived fireballs of the gas discharge origination have been carried out with a help of special designed gas discharge tubes, in which the condensed matter in a form of a specially prepared thread or powder material was deposited. Origination of long-lived luminescent spheres – fireballs has been detected. Some of them exploded during their lifetime. A nature of these objects is discussed.


wrist watch (both measuring acceleration). We used different protocols for each of the two nights to include negative sleep samples (awake, but not moving) and positive wake samples throughout the night and asked subjects to fill out a sleep diary. We developed a regression model based on acceleration and heart rate variability data, which was measured with a chest band, and compared these with acceleration measurements at the upper arm and wrist. The chest band sleep model and the measurements at the upper arm predicted sleep and wake as accurately as the commonly used wrist acceleration model. Heart rate variability of the ECG data (root mean square of successive interbeat intervals) further improved accuracy and specificity of the sleep prediction based on the chest band. In sum, the current study indicates that wearable instruments at different body locations classify sleep equally well and can be exchanged in ambulatory studies for sleep/wake classification.


The present invention provides a reciprocating cutting tool, the reciprocating cutting tool can not generate the backward or forward torque to suppress vibration, and may be simultaneously employed an orbital motion mechanism increases cutting force adjusted by the inhibition mechanism of vibration becomes possible, it can be more effectively suppress vibration. Wire saw comprising: a motor; attached to a link of the saw blade; convert the rotation of the electric motor into reciprocating motion of the connecting rod, and the reciprocating drive reciprocating mechanism of the saw blade; and the link and the said outer range of reciprocation of the saw blade along the reciprocating direction of the reciprocating rod counterweight, the counterweight is arranged at least part of an extension line of the connecting rod reciprocating trajectory intersects with the heavy independent reciprocating motion of the rod caused by the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating mechanism.


We establish the relation between the Wigner function of a field emerging from a cavity, determined through pulsed homodyne tomography, and the phase-space distribution of the original field in the cavity. We show that the reconstructed Wigner function of the outgoing field is equivalent to generalized phase-space distributions of the initial cavity field, the original Wigner distribution being obtained when there is perfect mode matching between the outgoing field and the homodyning pulse.


Multimedia Broadcast Multicast service (MBMS) proposed by 3GPP for efficient use of network resources in broadcast and multicast services, provides the operator a delivery mechanism to simultaneous ...


Objectives: To determine the incidence of ST-Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), patterns of care, and outcomes during the COVID-19 era in a hot-spot region.
Methodology: From February to April 2020, all the STEMI patients were recruited and compared with the STEMI patients in the equivalent period of the previous year. Demographic and clinical information, coronary angiography data, and in-hospital mortality were collected and compared with the non-COVID-19 group. All data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.
Results: There was found a 40% reduction in STEMI admissions during the COVID-19 era compared to the equivalent period in 2019 (55 vs. 92, Rate Ratio (RR):0.60, 95% CI, 0.49-0.70, p<0.001). Compared with the pre-COVID-19 study group, STEMI patients hospitalized during the pandemic were significantly younger (mean age: 56.10 in 2020 vs. 60.83 in 2019 p=0.012). The percentage of primary percutaneous coronary intervention referral was significantly higher than the previous year (47.8% vs. 75.9% p=0.001). In-hospital death occurred in 4 (4.4%) of STEMI patients admitted before the COVID-19 time, while none of the COVID-19 period studied cases died in hospital (p=0.298).
Conclusion: Admissions for STEMI were substantially reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. No changes in overall in-hospital mortality or quality indicators were detected.


The bachelor thesis deals with the forms and methods of education of office workers in public administration. In theoretical part, the bachelor thesis covers forms and methods of adult education and its classification, the education of office workers in public administration, and looks into the system and levels of clerk education. The practical part speaks first about the methods and forms of education of office workers at Valasske Klobouky munici-pality, and then it deals with the research project called "Preferences of education forms and methods of public administration workers", which was carried out there. The purpose of the project, and thus the aim of the bachelor thesis, is to find out which forms and methods the office workers and clerks at the municipality prefer. The research project is quantitatively oriented and used the questionnaire survey.


Abstract : The effect of an ionized or unionized background on MHD instabilities in a Z-pinch is considered. It is shown that the growth rate may be reduced by at least one or two orders of magnitude even though the background pressure is very small compared to the pinch pressure. The stabilizing effect of launching shocks in the background gas is considered qualitatively. It is shown that it is possible to construct equilibria such that the Lawson condition can be satisfied. Also, it is shown that lighting discharges are stabilized by the presence of the background atmosphere. (Author)


To the Editor.—
 We report on a "new morbidity" associated with "supra-absorbent" paper diapers, which we term "beaded" vaginal discharge.
 A 4-month-old girl was referred to Maricopa Medical Pediatric Gynecology Clinic because of "discharging clear beads" from her vagina. This discharge had been a daily occurrance. The beads were described by the mother as being approximately 1 mm in diameter, clear, colorless, firm, but compressible.
 The child had been in good health since birth. Growth and development were normal.


Electronic government is based on service for citizens.With the government information and equal service configuration citizens can get participation opportunities,which creates a new government's governance mode.With citation method,illustration method,comparative analysis,etc.,this paper tries to from the angle of political philosophy elucidate its integration with government's good governance and the theory of political democracy to realize the equal configuration of government's information and service,which not only needs the enhancement of government's responsibility and the supply of corresponding hardware,but also needs to overcome obstacles such as digital divide,etc.In addition,the development of the electronic government in the new period is impacting active political influence on the construction and political reform of the service-oriented government in our country.


Contraposition multi-user of OFDM system,combining the wireless channel and bit allocations,this paper proposes a novel multi-user combined-modulation algorithm of adaptive OFDM,which can remarkably reduce the total power needed by the system and improve the adaptive efficiency of fequency resource with the assurance of transmission Qos.Simulated in the adaptive OFDM system with Matlab6.5.1,the performance of the algorithm is compared with present and traditional algorithms,and the results verify the distinct improvements of perfomances both in power and SNR as well.


Objective To set up and to evaluate an acute closed brain injury model in rats.Methods The acute closed brain injury was produced in rats by using an impactor consisting of a stand,a guide tube,a weight and a footplate.Ninety-six SD rats were divided into a control group(n=32,no impact),a mild injury group(n=32,impact once at force level of 400 g·cm) and a severe injury group(n=32,impact once at force level of 800 g·cm) to elucidate the physiological responses,the pathophysiological changes and brain edema after brain injury at different injury levels.Results In the mild injury group and the severe injury group,a sudden rise or reduction of blood pressure,deep and fast breath apnea,and pain reflects inhibition were observed.The responses were more obvious in the severe injury group than in the mild injury group.The water content of the brain increased after 6 hours of injury.The pathological contusion and edema of brain were noted or above the impact force level of 800 g·cm.When the impact force rose to or over 1200g·cm,the animals died of persistent apnea mostly.Conclusion Although the established closed brain injury model with different biomechanical mechanisms as the clinical brain injury,it is in conformity with pathological changes and pathophysiological characteristics of acute clinical brain injury,it can be utilized extensively because of its convenient and practice.


Cellulosic ethanol is the most prosperous alternative fuel to replace gasoline in the near future. Effors have been made by U.S.government to stimulate the RD and small scale industrialization of cellulosic ethanol through legislation and government-industry partnership.This paper gives an introduction to the objectives and the technology development timetable of cellulosic ethanol RD program in the U.S.Department of Energy, and showcases technical features of a few pilot and demonstration biorefinery projects.


We appreciate the further attention given to the incidence of choanal stenosis by Dr. Marcus. His comments are helpful and were omitted from our discussion in the interest of space. We hesitate to attempt to perforate a membranous atresia because we never know what dangers lurk behind closed doors. Certainly, immediate diagnosis of choanal stenosis and/or atresia is of clinical assistance in excluding non-pulmonary respiratory distress, eliminating the need for many studies, and enabling therapy to be instituted immediately if indicated.


Recording nonlinear transition shift (NLTS) and amplitude variation (NLAV) in perpendicular recording with thin-film media and a ring head were investigated. The NLTS in single layer perpendicular media was closely correlated to the medium parameters and recording conditions. A certain condition such as thinner medium with smaller residual magnetization can provide the NLTS smaller than that in longitudinal recording medium. Although direction of the NLTS was the same as that for longitudinal one, amplitude enhancement was observed at higher recording densities. Improvement in the nonlinear distortion has been made by introducing a small gap length recording head.


In this paper, novel silver-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/graphene (Ag/PVA/CHI/Gr) nanocomposites were produced by in situ electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/graphene (PVA/CHI/Gr) matrix. The presence of silver nanoparticles, as an antibacterial agent, was proven by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized nanocomposites were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal stability was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, while electrochemical properties of PVA/CHI/Gr and Ag/PVA/CHI/Gr were examined by cyclic voltammetry. It was suggested that silver nanoparticles were embedded in the PVA/CHI/Gr matrix as a result of chemical bonding with hydroxyl groups of PVA and amine and hydroxyl groups of CHI, and have improved thermal stability of PVA/CHI/Gr hydrogel.


In this study, tissue mimicking phantoms for the THz regime were developed to aid the current understanding of contrast mechanisms of tissue with THz pulsed imaging (TPI). The phantoms, compromising mixtures of water and protein, mimic biological tissue in both spatial and spectroscopic regimes. THz spectroscopy of the individual phantom constituents was compared with reflection measurements of phantoms of varying compositions. Phantom composition was varied enabling the emulation of specific tissue properties, thus allowing the analysis of parameters such as the error with which discreet components can be identified; 7.5% for low gelatin concentration gels and 17% for higher concentration gels. Identifying this uncertainty is important when imaging tissues that have surface features not obvious to other techniques such as visible imaging of dysplasia.


Due to the rapid growth of GNSS based techniques in everyday life a service which can provide certified location information given by GPS coordinates became a worth considering idea. We designed two protocols that can achieve this goal, these can provide authenticate location and time information for any device which has a GPS receiver. In this article, I would like to prove -with the help of ProVerif software tool-, the latter statement. I investigated the authenticity and data integrity properties of the protocol.


Energetic salts of doubly-protonated 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2-4), and mono-protonated 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (5-7), have been prepared in high yields from the corresponding oxygen-containing tetrazoles by (i) reaction of free acids and neutral 3-hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, or (ii) metathesis reactions of 3-hydrazinium-4-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium di-chloride with the silver salts of the corresponding oxygen-containing tetrazoles. All of these energetic salts were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and DSC measurements. All of the structures are dominated by extensive hydrogen bonds due to amino groups, hydrazino groups and oxygen atoms in the molecules. These salts exhibit good thermal stability, especially the salt 3-hydrazinium-4amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium 1H,1'H-5,5'-bitetrazole-1,1'-diolate (4), which exhibits a measured onset of decomposition temperature of 237 °C. Quantum chemical calculations, carried out using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs and based on the experimental densities were used to calculate the detonation pressures and velocities of all of the salts .


Application security attacks are growing in sophistication, prompting businesses to try to eliminate them. Currently no metric is available to measure the level of security present in applications.


Purpose:  To determine the long‐term effects of ruthenium‐106 plaque radiation therapy for iris and iridociliary melanomas in terms of tumour regression and complications.


The utility model relates to a reversible inclined tongue lock with a safety function. A single-inclined-tongue lock in the prior art has a single function, and an inclined tongue cannot be reversed and is extremely complicatedly operated even if the inclined tongue can be reversed. The reversible inclined tongue lock with the safety function comprises a shell, a control piece, an inclined tongue component and a reversing block, wherein the control piece is arranged on a bottom shell; the inclined tongue component is positioned on the control piece; a transmission plate is linked with the control piece and connected to an inclined tongue seat in a sliding mode; the reversing block is clamped in a limiting groove which is formed in the inclined tongue seat in a movable mode; and the inclined tongue is connected to the inclined tongue seat in a rotating mode. The transmission plate is controlled by the control piece to be selectively pressed against a transmission rod, and the movement of the inclined tongue seat is limited under the clamping action of the reversing block; and when the reversing block is moved away from a clamped station, the inclined tongue seat can be moved to an inclined tongue reversing station, so that the inclined tongue can be freely reversed according to an opening direction of a door body.


Warning: these notes are still very rough. They provide more details on what we discussed in class, but there may still be some errors, incomplete/imprecise statements, etc. in them. 15 More on diffusions and semi-supervised graph construction Today, we will continue talking about the connection between non-linear dimensionality reduction methods and diffusions and random walks. We will also describe several methods for constructing graphs that are " semi-supervised, " in the sense that that there are labels associated with some of the data points, and we will use these labels in the process of constructing the graph. These will give rise to similar expressions that we saw with the unsupervised methods, although there will be some important differences. Recall from last time that we have our graph G, and if we run a random walk to the asymptotic state, then we converge to the leading non-trivial eigenvector. Here, we are interested in looking at the pre-asymptotic state, i.e., at a time t such that 1 t ∞, and we want to define similarity between vertex x and z, i.e., a metric between nodes x and z, such that x and z are close if P t (x, ·) and P t (z, ·) are close. Although there are other distance notions one could use, we will work with the 2 distance. In this setting, the 2 distance is defined as D 2 t (x, z) = ||P t (x, ·) − P t (z, ·)|| 2 1/φ 0 = y (P t (x, y) − P t (z, y)) 2 φ 0 (y). (1) Suppose the transition matrix P has q left and right eigenvectors and eigenvalues |λ 0 | ≥ |λ 1 | ≥. .. ≥ |λ n | ≥ 0 s.t. φ T j P = λ j φ T j P ψ j = λψ j , where we note that λ 0 = 1 and ψ 0 = 1. Normalize s.t. φ k ψ = δ k so that φ 2 1/φ 0


With over 1000 entries, this book examines all aspects of the period 1642-1651. There are entries on ideas and movements, parliamentary and royalist leaders, battles and sieges.


This communication is an effort to decipher phytogeographic alterations particularly due to exotic plants associated with the teachings and disclosures of Lord Buddha. The various exotic taxa on Indian landmass in Lord Buddha's time had an important role to play in human sustenance and civilization. The present author, therefore, analysed plant species as contained in 'Pali Tipitaka' in view of plant invasion in ancient period in Indian territory. It was possible to identify total 70 exotic plant species pertaining to 66 genera and 41 angiospermic families. Majority of them (47 species) are introduced for cultivation in India to sustain human life, while 19 species exhibit wildness and integral to Indian biodiversity in present time. Their native geographical regions are deciphered consulting relevant literature. They belong to both Old and New Worlds. Importance of ancient religious scriptures is brought under clearer focus from standpoint of phytogeography and plant invasion.


Abstract Human beings have recognized and interpreted celestial objects and events since time immemorial. The sky, our common and universal heritage, forms an integral part of all human cultures around the world. The Ancient Skies Project aims to collect, verify and publish available information about various human cultures and their astronomical knowledge in one single web-accessible knowledgebase. The overall vision for the project is \begin{center} One Planet $\longrightarrow$ One Mankind $\longrightarrow$ One Sky $\longrightarrow$ One Knowledgebase \end{center} In this paper we describe the basic tenets of the project, discuss the design of the knowledgebase, and compare the project to other similar projects.


Each generation of law scholars, policy analysts, and politicians comes up with bogeymen: outcomes so scary that the mere hint that a policy, rule, or case decision might lead to that outcome is treated as a strong argument for a contrary view. This paper consders, briefly, a recent bogeyman of parental rights cases: the recognition of three (or more) legal parents. Two recent cases recognizing three legal parents, in the context of same-sex parenting and the use of new reproductive technologies, evoked outrage from some commentators. This paper considers the reasons behind the strong reaction, and whether the response was justifed. The paper notes that three parents is ever more common as a social fact, and also occasionally pesent as a legal reality, even (or especially) in the sort of cases that do not evoke strong responses.


Internet of Things (IoT) allows the communication among various technology and devices that employing the internet with both the capacity to assemble and trade the information. Various devices have been frequently used small-scale controllers like Arduino. Communication between a set of devices connected over a network to communicate under the domain of the "Internet of Things" can deploy various communication models for information exchange. Internet of thing uses several protocol (e.g. HTTP, CoAP, MQTT etc.) in application layers for the transmission of data. MQTT is a protocol that uses the Publisher subscriber concept for communication. MQTT is used to perform several number of tasks to explore its functionality further. In IoT, Energy management in the buildings is an open challenge to the researcher. As a result, the IoT-based Automation system is constructed in this work using the MQTT protocol, in which the energy management is the basic key feature. Further an investigations have been carried out with communication between devices in IoT environment. A setup is established with the connection of devices with complex functionally such as RaspberryPi and NodeMCU (Wi-Fi) to analyze the performance of MQTT when several devices with high request/response ratio are connected to it. This paper is based on the communication between the RaspberryPi and NodeMCU using the MQTT protocol. Here, RaspberryPi act as a server and NodeMCU acts as the client. These devices control each other's devices with the help of MQTT protocol. This proposed system allows the users to remotely monitor their device form anywhere. It will help to save, monitor and control the light and energy in any type of buildings.


The purpose of this research was to know students' mathematical intuitive thinking ability between students taught with Puzzle-based Learning Approach and those taught using a Scientific Approach. The research was conducted at a senior high school Tangerang Selatan. The method of research used was quasi experiment with posttestonly control group design. The samples were 64 students; 32 students in experimental group and 32 students in controlled group by cluster random sampling technique. Data collection to measure the ability of students' mathematical intuitive thinking used by test instrument. The result of this research showed that the value of sig.= 0,000 was less than signification standard 0,05 on hypothesis test. This indicated that the average of students' mathematical intuitive thinking ability of teaching sequences and series taught using Puzzle-based Learning Approach was higher than those taught with Scientific Approach. This research concludes that learning mathematics using Puzzle-based Learning Approach has an effect on students' mathematical intuitive thinking ability.


A method for operating a vehicle is described. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine and one or more first machines for driving a first wheel and one or more second machines for driving a second wheel of the vehicle. The first wheel is in a front area and the second wheel is located in a rear area of the vehicle, or vice versa. The method includes determining an operating parameter of the vehicle. In addition, the method comprises operating the vehicle in a first operating mode or in a second operating mode, depending on the operating parameter. In this case, in the first operating mode, a basic performance for the operation of the vehicle is provided by the one or more first machines and a dynamic power for the operation of the vehicle by the one or more second machines. In the second mode of operation, the basic power is provided by the internal combustion engine and the dynamic power is provided by the one or more second machines.


Not until the beginning of the 20th century did the recipe begin to be the subject of serious research and academic interest. It is even more rarely tackled in the realm of translation studies. The purpose of this work was to examine the recipe as a separate genre. One-hundred recipes were collected from five different sources, translated from English into Arabic, then both texts were analyzed through parallel-text analysis. This paper aims to identify the difficulties that translators may encounter in translating recipes from English into Arabic at the lexical, syntactic, textual and cultural levels. These textual features are divided into macro-textual and micro-textual features. The findings showed that there were no differences between the English and the Arabic recipe on the macro-textual level; however, there were some differences on the micro-textual level, such as the use of indefinite articles for reference, ellipsis, and the use of pronouns.  The translation techniques that prevailed in the translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) were delineated. The analysis showed that the most commonly used method to handle CSIs was couplets (41%), while the least used method was free translation (10%). Furthermore, 223 CSIs were identified, classified and translated.


Many studies have emphasized the important demarcation work (boundary-work) which characterizes official arenas of scientific expertise. Comparing mobilizations on two agricultural quarantine pests in France, this article analyzes how this demarcation work also takes place in the course of research activities. Based on a fieldwork carried out in an applied research organization specialized in agricultural and environmental sciences, this article shows that debates on what constitutes a legitimate scientific expertise arise constantly in those organizations and influence research projects. It shows that when those projects focus on issues that have been strongly framed as public problems by governmental authorities, scientists are encouraged to intensify their efforts to distinguish their role from those of administrative and political actors. It also shows how those efforts, paradoxically, can support some forms of alignment of research orientations on the goals of public authorities.


Students of Russian foreign policy recognise the fact that after the demise of the Soviet Union, Russia found it difficult to accept the reality of New Independent States (NIS) in what Russia calls its 'near abroad'. The question this paper aims to answer comprises of two separate parts. First, the reasons why Russia had problems in accepting the existence of NIS will be analysed. Second, the ways that Russia employed to disregard or modify the new reality will be outlined. And finally, a temporal dimension will be examined. This encompasses the changes in the development of Russia's struggle and whether or not this struggle has ended. It will be argued that, along with influential structural factors, the major reason for Russia's struggles lies in the process of shaping its identity, which is mostly a result of its imperial past and Soviet legacy. As a result, Russian policy has developed over the last two decades in three primary ways: first, by maintaining a gravitational pull to integrate the NIS in a new Russian-led organisation – Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS); second, by maintaining a military presence in the NIS and control over the former Soviet military assets; and finally, through what Anatoly Chubais calls, 'liberal empire' (Jonson 2004 cited by Nygren 2008 p. 225) – extending Russia's economic and energy arm and adopting a 'carrot and stick' approach in relations with the NIS.


The distributions from proportional reversed hazard rate models have been excessively studied in literature because of their wide applicability in the modelling and analysis of lifetime data. Moreover, record values and their properties have also been examined by many authors. In this study, we consider the distributions from the two-parameter proportional reversed hazard rate models. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates are obtained for the unknown parameters based on upper record values with the number of trials following the record values (inter-record times). These estimates are compared in terms of the estimated risk by the Monte Carlo simulations for the generalized Rayleigh (Burr Type X) distribution.


In the literature very little is known about preconditioning the linear system for the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method. In this paper we investigate how the convergence rate of the SOR method is affected if the linear system is preconditioned by one Gauss-Jordan elimination. It is shown that under some conditions the SOR method applied to the preconditioned system gives improvement in the rate of convergence.


The genus Planochelas Lyle & Haddad, 2009 is endemic to the Afrotropical region. Members of the genus are very small, arboreal sac spiders. They are mainly collected by canopy fogging in tropical forest and savanna. In this study, four new species of Planochelas are described: P.brevissp. nov., P.jocqueisp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and P.haddadisp. nov., P.neethlingisp. nov. (South Africa). An updated key to the genus is provided, and the new species are illustrated by photographs and drawings. A distribution map for the genus is provided. This paper increases the number of species in the genus to seven.


Keynote Speech.- Language, Objects, and Intentionality.- Sharing and Encapsulation.- Capabilities for Sharing.- Sealing, Encapsulation, and Mutablility.- Simple Ownership Types for Object Containment.- Type Inference and Static Analysis.- Distinctness and Sharing Domains for Static Analysis of Java Programs.- Precise Constraint-Based Type Inference for Java.- Language Design.- CCC: User-Defined Object Structure in C.- Fickle: Dynamic Object Re-classification.- Invited Talk.- Scripting .NET Using Mondrian.- Implementation Techniques.- A Quasi Optimal Bit-Vector Encoding of Tree Hierarchies. Application to Efficient Type Inclusion Tests.- On the Usefulness of Liveness for Garbage Collection and Leak Detection.- Concurrent Cycle Collection in Reference Counted Systems.- A Bytecode Translator for Distributed Execution of "Legacy" Java Software.- A Bytecode Translator for Distributed Execution of "Legacy" Java Software.- Reflections on MOP s, Components, and Java Security.- Reflections on MOP s, Components, and Java Security.- The Optimistic Readers Transformation.- The Optimistic Readers Transformation.- Invited Talk.- People and the Limits of Methodology.- Language Design.- Family Polymorphism.- An Overview of AspectJ.- True Modules for Java-like Languages.- Testing and Design.- Selecting an Efficient OO Integration Testing Strategy: An Experimental Comparison of Actual Strategies.- Quality and Understandability of Use Case Models.


The minimal order Wiener filter is constructively derived for a linear, time invariant, discrete system when the measurements are corrupted by both white and colored noise. It is shown that as all noise vanishes the steady-state error covariance associated with the filter converges to a null matrix. No Luenberger observer is used in combination with the filter. * Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. The author is on sabbatical leave from the School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. R-11-8310350.


Based on grey-scale statistic classification,this paper presented a new simultaneous measuring technique for the velocity and size of planar particle image in real-time,called PIVS(Particle Image Velocimetry Sizer).The velocity magnitude of particle images is determined by the similar auto-correlation operation,and the record time series of particle images is indicated by the energy difference between the two laser sheets.Therefore,the directional ambiguity is resolved by the grey-scale statistic classification inherently in a rather simple experimental system.The size of particle image is determined at the same time by image processing technique.The interrogation algorithm and its software were developed and tested by the simulated particle images of single interrogated cell as well as of full field.The results show that the method of grey-scale statistic classification of PIVS can solve the directional ambiguity.The interrogation algorithm can get high definition for all kinds of simulated images.The software works well and realizes the required functions of PIVS,and the relevant runtime can meet the demand of real-time operation.


Tm3+ -doped acid-resistant aluminum germanate (NMAG) glasses and a K+–Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguide have been fabricated and characterized. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters indicate a high asymmetry and strong covalent environment in NMAG glasses. A remarkable internal gain coefficient of 0.48 dB∕cm at 1.482 μm wavelength was achieved in the 3.15 cm long channel waveguide. Based on absorption and emission cross-sections, the ideal internal gain coefficient at 1.675 μm and 1.815 μm is given to be 0.5 dB∕cm and 2.0 dB∕cm, respectively, as the population inversion equals 1.0. Experimental results and theoretical anticipation indicate that Tm3+ -doped NMAG glasses are potential and attractive substrates in developing S- and U-band waveguide amplifiers and an eye-safe medical laser.


During the period 1984 to 1990, Victoria, a newly impounded hydroelectric reservoir in Sri Lanka, was stocked with different exotic fish species to augment fish production as a secondary use of the reservoir. A marked increase in relative abundance and CPUE (catch per unit effort) of common carp by the end of 1998, indicates successful natural recruitment to the fishery. The reproductive pattern based on fluctuations of the mean monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed that gonad maturation and spawning were significantly correlated (r s =0.5638; p<0.05)) to rainfall. During peak breeding, the water temperature, pH, total alkalinity, hardness, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 24.4 to 26.0 0 C, 6.9 to 8.1, 39 to 79 mg·l -1 , 44 to 72 mg·l -1 , 53 to 70 µs·cm -1 and 4.4 to 6.5 mg·l -1 respectively. Co-occurring fish species and conditions necessary for fry survival in the spawning habitat were identified. High percentage fertilization and hatchability of eggs indicate that a suitable system could be developed during peak breeding using "kakabans" (egg collectors) made of commonly available coconut fiber as an effective egg deposition substrate, to improve natural spawning conditions in the reservoir.


formulate and implement national climate action (NCA) plans to direct their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (UNFCCC, 2015). The NCA plans address CO2 management for all components of society, be it food, mobility, energy, or consumption. The extent to which NCA plans are in line with the overall targets will be assessed during global stocktakings, with the first one scheduled for 2023. Limiting global temperature increase by reducing GHG and CO2 emissions will depend crucially on natural, non-anthropogenic sink efficiency. The ocean currently removes 25%–30% of the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere by human activities (Friedlingstein et al., 2020), thereby providing, alongside other critical ecosystem services, an important societal wealth contribution via CO2 sequestration. From the above results, it is obvious that the ocean CO2 monitoring system must be able to determine the present and future CO2 uptake with sufficient accuracy. To justify the effort involved, it is also useful to determine the monetary value of the oceanic sink. This can be done in three ways: a cost-benefit analysis (CBA), a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), or a market-based CO2 pricing approach. CBA and CEA both use shadow prices in their calculations that measure the social costs of emitting a marginal tonne of carbon1, whereas market prices are used in national accounting to compute, for example, the gross domestic product. In CBA, shadow prices are derived from estimates of costs of climate change impacts. In CEA, shadow prices are derived under a given target, such as a temperature target as defined in the Paris Agreement. Put simply, CBA provides information on how much wealth is generated by the ocean in terms of reducing climate change, and CEA provides information on how much wealth is generated by reducing emissions abatement costs for the given target. The latter information is in most cases more reliable and can also be obtained with a market-based approach, given the regulatory framework and that a market is in place. Observed CO2 prices can also be used to assess the value of CO2 sinks, even though these sinks are not involved in trading. The market and the underlying regulatory framework are ideally designed to regulate anthropogenic activities, so given natural CO2 sequestration, targets like net-zero CO2 can be achieved. However, a weakening of natural sinks implies, in turn, that faster reductions and additional atmospheric CO2 removal will be required. Similarly, the market price would increase given that a weakening of CO2 sinks is expected to be considered in the underlying regulatory framework, defining the scarcity in a given CO2 market. Hence, highly reliable information about current and future ocean CO2 sinks provides value information for policymakers to properly align the regulatory framework, and for the business community to form realistic CO2 price expectations. Furthermore, CO2 sequestration by ocean sinks varies regionally—and 38% of the global ocean comprises territorial waters (Figure 1). Considering the regional variations in CO2 emissions and in sink activity implies that the CO2 wealth effects vary considerably for different countries (Bertram et al., 2021). Although regional differences in terrestrial CO2 sinks are considered in national emissions Valuing the Ocean Carbon Sink in Light of National Climate Action Plans


Melanocyte inducing transcription factor helps control the development and function of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Within these cells, this protein controls production of the pigment melanin, which contributes to hair, eye, and skin color. Melanocytes are also found in the inner ear and play an important role in hearing. Additionally, melanocyte inducing transcription factor regulates the development of specialized cells in the eye called retinal pigment epithelial cells. These cells nourish the retina, the part of the eye that detects light and color. Some research indicates that melanocyte inducing transcription factor also regulates the development of cells that break down and remove bone (osteoclasts) and cells that play a role in allergic reactions (mast cells).


The testosterone derivative androstadienone and the estrogen-like steroid estratetraenol are possible human pheromones. Inhalation of these compounds causes anterior-hypothalamic activity on PET scans, with differences according to the subjects' sex. These authors studied the pattern of brain activation on PET scans in 12 heterosexual men, 12 homosexual men, and 12 heterosexual women.

Scans of both …


In response to continuing controversy over the Age 60 Rule (14 CFR § 121.383(c)), the United States Senate directed further study by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of pilot age and accidents. This report presents the third of four studies proposed by the agency. Accident rate was defined in this study as the ratio of the number of accidents occurring under 14 CFR §121 and §135 to annual hours flown by professional pilots holding Class 1 medical and air transport pilot (ATP) certificates for the period 1988 through 1997. Accident data were provided by the National Transportation Safety Board. Annual hours flown were estimated from medical examination records extracted from the FAA Comprehensive Airman Information System. Three analyses were conducted. As directed by the Senate request, the first analysis examined accident rates as a function of one unique (60-63) and 36 overlapping, four-year age groups declining from age 59 for pilots with Class 1 medical and ATP certificates (i.e., 60-63, 56-59, …, 21-24). The second analysis examined accident rates by overlapping, four-year age groups declining consistently from age 63 (i.e., 60-63, 59-62, …, 21-24). The third analysis examined accident rates for the 60-63 age group as directed by the Senate and non-overlapping (or independent) five-year age groups (i.e., 55-59, 50-54, …, less than or equal to 29) for comparison to previous studies. Overall, these analyses support the hypothesis that a "U"-shaped relationship exists between the age of professional pilots holding Class 1 medical and ATP certificates and the accident rate for operations under 14 CFR §121 and §135. However, the range of mean differences across age groups was very small and not statistically different when comparing adjacent age groups on either side of the current rule.


The recent paper by Hume (2002) contains both an error and confusion regarding the publication details of the name Aplonis corvina. The error is that the name should have been written as Aplonis corvina (Kittlitz, 1833), because the species was originally described by Kittlitz as Lampothornis corvina. The confusion relates to the dating: Hume (2002) followed Amadon (1962) in giving the date of publication as 1833, but then referenced the relevant work (the second part of Kittlitz's Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vogel hereafter Kupfer. Nat. Vog.) as 1832, a date that has also been used by some authors. The Rothschild Library at The Natural History Museum, Tring, has a bound copy of the three published parts (= Hefts) of Kupfer. Nat. Vog. , each preceded by its original title page. The title page of the first part is dated 1832, whereas the second and third parts are both dated 1833. The correct publication date for Aplonis corvina and other taxa described in the second part is thus 1833. In its entirety, Kupfer. Nat. Vog. should be referenced as Kittlitz (1832-33). A further potential source of confusion, avoided by Hume (2002) but for completeness worth mentioning here, is that Kittlitz (1835) also published a more detailed description and illustration of A. corvina in volume 2 of the Memoirs of the Academy of Imperial Sciences, St. Petersburg, the title page of which is imprinted 23 November 1831. However, this "1831" paper in fact was not published until 1835 (imprinted title page of the memoirs) and so does not constitute the type description, despite being referenced by Kittlitz (1833) and clearly intended by him to appear first. For information concerning the nomenclature of A. corvina and other nomenclatural matters, the following website, set up by A. Peterson, is available online: http://www.zoonomen.net/


A crankpin bush puller of a pumping unit is applied to maintenance of a beam pumping unit in an oil field. One end of a cylindrical lengthening bar is fixed on one side surface of a circular push plate, the diameter of the push plate is the same as the diameter of a crankpin bush, and the center of the other side surface of the push plate is vertically fixed with a locking screw rod; the other side surface of the push plate is vertically fixed with a radial centralizing block that takes the shape of a ring body; and the outer diameter of the radial centralizing block is identical with the inner diameter of the crankpin bush. The effects are as follows: the puller can be fixed on the crankpin bush of the pumping unit and smoothly take out the crankpin bush by striking a knocking anvil; the working efficiency is improved; the hidden trouble of personal injury accidents is reduced; and the labor intensity of operating personnel is relieved.


Nanoart is a new branch of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Due to the fact that the new art has only several-year-old history, some basic concepts and terms are confused, and immature. In the present paper, the concepts of the nanoart, art types, DNA art,carbon nanotube and fullerene art and so on are analyzed. At last, nanoart CAD is also discussed.


One of the major challenges in wireless networks is to quantify and evaluate the user quality of experience (QoE). Hence, network operators are continuously working towards identifying the factors that most affect the user quality of experience for better network resource management. This paper proposes an evaluation method for video features with impact on user quality of experience. The goal is to extract and sort the features that highly affect the user experience and satisfaction while watching a video. The paper contributes first in determining the video parameters as well as the network features affecting QoE. Second, a survey is conducted to obtain subjective assessment on user satisfaction where users give their experience score and comments while watching videos with different feature values. We conduct experimental measurements and record videos with different frame rate, video resolution, transmission data rate, packet loss, delay and codec types. After collecting the QoE assessments, the supervised training data set is developed and imported into Rapid-Miner data mining tool. The feature evaluation is performed first using forward elimination feature selection algorithm, and second using decision tree classification to extract and sort the features that highly affect the subjective QoE. The results showed that the video resolution had the highest impact on user QoE. In addition, the transmission data rate was correlated to packet loss and delay and had higher impact than video frame rate and codec type.


Bony lesions of the glenohumeral joint are important risk factors that often lead to recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. A Hill-Sachs lesion is defined as bone loss from the posterior-superior aspect of the humeral head due to a compression fracture. It has been shown that the Hill-Sachs lesion is present in about 80% of initial dislocation cases and almost 100% of recurrent dislocations cases. The importance of the engaging Hill-Sachs lesion has been described by Burkhart and De Beer. The lesion is considered "engaging" when its long axis is parallel to the anterior glenoid, with the shoulder in a functional position of humero-thoracic abduction and external rotation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Researches on the New Youth have been progressing swiftly since the start of the new century with a multitude of special papers published which focused on the New Youth and women liberation,the relationship between the New Youth and modern literature,ideology of democracy and science advocated by the New Youth,the disintegration of colleagues working for the New Youth,the historical place and role of the New Youth,and so forth.These papers further develop in the breadth and depth of research,but there still exist many inadequacies and regretful points.


This paper offers an overview of the development of the peer-led team learning (PLTL) model for teaching and learning chemistry, from the personal journeys of the authors in their classrooms to the national dissemination of the model to the full range of colleges and universities and to other STEM disciplines. In the PLTL model, students who have done well in the course serve as peer-leaders to facilitate Workshops that supplement the lecture part of the course for new students. In the weekly Workshops, 6−8 students engage in active debate, discussion, and problem solving under the guidance of the peer leaders. A diverse faculty team led the development of instructional materials for the Workshops, methods to train peer leaders, and tactics to institutionalize PLTL. Students and leaders value the peer-led Workshops, and results from within the PLTL project (as well as numerous independent studies) demonstrate significant gains in student learning for both groups. PLTL remains an active area of research an...


The lives of millions of Afghans and especially Afghan children are at risk during the coming months. If life-saving humanitarian aid programs providing food health care shelter and protective environments are not able to continue operating in Afghanistan we will undoubtedly be facing the largest humanitarian disaster in the world. Afghan children and their families have been suffering from 23 years of war which has displaced millions of families and created an estimated 700000 war widows. An already desperate situation has been made worse by three years of a devastating drought. Not surprisingly the social indicators of children in Afghanistan are among the worst in the world - for example United Nations figures show that a quarter of all children born in Afghanistan will die before they reach their fifth birthday. Save the Children has been working with Afghans since 1985 and currently implements large-scale health and education programs for Afghan refugees from offices in Pakistan and health nutrition micro-credit education landmine awareness and drought response programs from offices inside Afghanistan. Following the tragic events of Sept. 11 Save the Children withdrew its six international staff from Afghanistan but 8 160 national staff have been continuing to implement most programs from offices in Kabul as well as centers in northern Afghanistan under the most difficult circumstances. (excerpt)


In this paper we characterize a homogeneous spherical space form whose fundamental group is a binary dihedral group by means of the injectivity radius of the exponential map. As an application of this result we show that the fundamental group of a non-simply connected homogeneous 1/4-pinched Riemannian manifold is isomorphic to a finitesubgroup of the special unitary group SU(2) of degree 2. Moreover we show that the fundamental group of a non-simply connected homogeneous 1/4-pinched Riemannian manifold whose dimension is of 4j +1 (j > 1) is a cyclic group. As is well known, every nontrivial finitesubgroup of SU(2) is a cyclic, binary dihedral or binary polyhedral group ([21]).Therefore the fundamental group of a non-simply connected homogeneous 1/4-pinched Riemannian manifold isisomorphic to one of the finite groups stated above. Let M be an ra-dimensional (m > 3) complete, connected Riemannian manifold and N an ^-dimensional (0 < n < m ―1) connected, compact submanifold (without boundary) embedded in M. Let ExpN : v(N) ―>M denote the normal exponential map of N. Here v(iV)is the total space of the normal bundle of N in M. In the case where A7"is a point of M, v(N) stands for the tangent space to M at that point. We denote by i(N) the injectivityradius of ExpN. It is defined as the supremum of the set of allr > 0 for which Exp^ : vr(N) ―>・M is an embedding, where vr(iV)is the set of allnormal vectors to N of length less than r. The injectivityradius Inj(M) of M is then defined as Inj(M) = inf{i(x) \x e M}. If M is compact, then Inj(M) is positive. A binary dihedral group Dt is a finitegroup generated by two elements a


The radio frequency (RF) ion source is significant in the industry because of its advantages of easy control and maintenance, low gas consumption, high energy and high-density plasma generation abilities. Unfortunately, the problem of high-density plasma uniformity limits its applications. RF coils, as the most important part of the ion source, play a critical role on plasma density and distribution. In this paper, we performed simulations of the combined coils magnetic field and plasma with power distribution and conducted process experiments with the RF ion source to obtain its etching uniformity by the characterization of a step profiler. The results show that the application of the same direction and a suitable coil current is beneficial to extend the uniformity range. The uniformity is improved by applying reversed coil currents. The results of process experiments are consistent with the simulation conclusions. This paper provides informative suggestions for the optimization of coil structures in the RF ion source.


In a dispenser cathode the surface is composed of many small regions having different and individual values of work functions called "patches". The non-uniform emission results in a gradual transition from space-charge (SC) region to temperature limited (TL) region. The emission of a planar cathode is modeled using a 'top-hat' model. In practice, the convergent guns are incorporated with a spherical cathode. The above model is applied to a spherical cathode-anode system. This model can also be extended to a gun geometry provided that the field distribution across the cathode cross section is uniform. In this paper the performance of three types of cathode, viz. B-Type, Alloy-coated, and Scandate cathodes are studied. In the present model the real cathode is replaced by a fictitious cathode, having a maximum current density at θ = 0° and a minimum at the rim. The analysis shows that there exists an analogy between a planar cathode and a spherical cathode, enabling the emission current to be modeled in a manner similar to a planar cathode.


Objective To evaluate the influence of Bisoprolol on the cariac function and heart rate of in the cor pulmonale patients with heart failure. Methods 55 heart failure patients associated with cor pulmonale were randomly divided into two groups. The patients of treatment group(n=35) were orally given. The patients of control group(n=20) only received routine therapy. Bisoprolol except routing therapy. During the treatment the changes of cariac function and heart rate of all patients were observed, and before the Bisoprolol treatment and at 6th and 12th weeks after Bisoprolo treatment, the levels of creatinine, uricemia(UA), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose were measured. Results In Bisoprolol treatment group the total effective rate was 94 3%, and was 75% in the control group(P0 05). The changes of heart rate of pretreatmend and post-treatment had very sinificant difference between the two groups (P0 01). The levels of CREA, UA, TC, TG, HDL-C, and fasting plasma glucose had no sinificant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in Bisoprolol group(P0 05). Conclusion The β 1-receptor blocker Bisoprolol was effective, and safe for treating the heart failure associated with cor pulmonale.


: The incident of the storming of Al.Masjid Al. Haram is considered one of the most prominent incidents that the Islamic world witnessed in the twentieth century, as it was for the first time in modern history that anyone dared to violate the sanctity of the Sacred House of God, despite the many wars that took place in the land of Hijaz during the conflict between the Saudis and Sharif Al Hussein and other wars and conflicts That sacred spot was not touched due to its status among all Muslims of all affiliations, and based on the historical study, the position of the Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustour was chosen regarding the incident because of the wide resonance and spread of this newspaper, in addition to its official positions on many issues, as the newspaper was not satisfied with reporting the news Rather, she devoted a column in each issue of her issue to give her opinion on the issues she deals with.


At present, with the economic progress brought about by the improvement of living standards, scientific and technological progress and the concept of the Internet +, the domestic demand has led to the rapid growth of the food industry. Among them, food additives, as a key part of the food industry, have also made great strides in development. However, due to the food safety incidents caused by imperfect regulation, the industrial structure is difficult to centralized management, industry mixed business unfair competition and consumers panic psychology makes the food additive industry development and business transformation face some difficulties. This article analyzes the current situation of the development of domestic food additive industry, and on the basis of the current situation and trends of the development, the transition strategy for the food additives enterprises in transition period is given.


Amorphous Ge-As-Se thin films have been prepared by the magnetron sputtering deposition technique, and the photo-induced effects (PIEs) in the different states have been investigated. It was found that, for the as-deposited films, Ge5 exhibits photodarkening (PD) while Ge15 and Ge25 undergo photobleaching (PB), and the degree of PB in Ge25 is larger than that in Ge15. On the other hand, all the annealing films exhibit PD, and the degree of PD decreases from Ge5 to Ge25. In all cases, PD is reversible while PB is irreversible. The Ge/As ratio or the lone pair electrons in Se atoms that were suggested for PIEs in the chalcogenide films cannot account for the present results in the GeAsSe films. Nevertheless, Ge15 exhibits minimum PIEs during a continuous illumination process that could be the best option for waveguide fabrication.


"Could the natives of a temperate climate colonize and increase in a tropical country and vice versa?" "Can Europeans become acclimatized in tropical Africa?" "Is the colonization of tropical Africa by Europeans possible?" "Can the white race become acclimatized in the tropics?"! These questions the titles of articles published in a variety of scholarly journals serve to introduce a subject that engaged the attention of many geographers and medical practitioners throughout the nineteenth and well into the twentieth century, namely, the possibility of human acclimatization. It was a topic that was widely discussed during the period, and yet for all the attention and publicity it received at the time, not to mention the diverse reactions it provoked, it has been almost totally ignored by historians of geographical thought. Even when it does surface in their writings, as with T. W. Freeman, little is said beyond the observation that "such questions as the way of life of European settlers in the tropics and their powers of acclimatization are of considerable interest". This conspicuous omission is doubly unfortunate, firstly, because the problems of human acclimatization were so widely debated in science, and secondly, because the questions it raises intersect intellectually, institutionally and ideologically with a range of important topics in the history of science more generally. For these reasons alone a contextual reading of this theory is crucial, and all the more so because so few problems in the history of human geography have been contextually interrogated by the discipline's historians,' and because the more specificdebates about human acclimatization cannot be divorced from theories about acclimatization in general.


Evaluating the information quality of cQA (community question‐answering) websites helps users select a cQA website with high‐quality information and improves the information quality. In this paper, an approach to evaluating the information quality of cQA based on a novel hybrid multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) model is proposed. First, the source, content, expression and usefulness criteria for evaluating the information quality of the cQA are established. Then, considering the ambiguity and inner correlations of the criteria, DANP ([DEMATEL]‐based Analytic Network Process) and TODIM (interactive and multiple attribute decision making, in Portuguese) methods are combined in a two‐dimensional linguistic environment to process linguistic evaluation information. Lastly, the proposed approach is applied to evaluate the quality of five popular cQA websites. The key criteria are identified, and the evaluation results are derived comprehensively. The key factors consist of reputation, coverage, politeness, usability, helpfulness, clarity, readability and conciseness. The websites, Know almost and Baidu knows, perform better in terms of information quality. The application, along with the sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis, shows the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed approach has both practical and research implications. It provides an approach for users to choose websites, and, for operators, to improve the information quality of their website. The evaluation criteria and their relations provide a reference for research on the information quality. The evaluation method considers the user's psychological information to provide a more accurate MCDM approach. The comprehensive aspects of the experiment can be used to verify the other MCDM methods.


Students are an important element in education. Successful educational institutions are those who are successful in student recruitment. Educational institutions that are successful in student recruitment are institutions that have succeeded in gaining trust from the community. Madrasah Aliyah Matholiul Huda Jepara as one of the Islamic-style educational institutions has its own challenges in recruiting students. This madrasa is a madrasa that successfully competes with schools and other madrassas in gaining trust from the community which is marked by the success of the student recruitment program. This research attempts to reveal the strategies adopted by Madrasah Aliyah Matholiul Huda Jepara in promoting their institutions. This research is a case study research that uses a qualitative descriptive approach. This study uses interviews, observation, and documentation in collecting data. data reduction, data display, data verification and triangulation are used for data validity analysis. The findings of this study are divided into two aspects namely the method and media of promotion used. First, Madrasah Aliyah Matholiul Huda applies direct and indirect promotion methods. Second, Madrasah Aliyah Matholiul Huda uses conventional and digital (online) promotional media. This paper provides an alternative solution for madrassas who have backgrounds or problems in the recruitment of students, especially promotion strategies. The conclusion of this paper is that to be successful in recruiting students, madrassas must choose the appropriate method and media in promoting madrassas by paying attention to the SWOT analysis.
Keywords : madrasa promotion,  students recruitment


The utility model relates to a sound and flashing leakage alarm device, which is applied to alarm of leakage of metal shells of electric equipment such as electric appliances, switch cabinets, electric energy meter boxes, dials, cabinets and so on. The sound and flashing leakage alarm device consists of a leakage voltage sampling circuit, a triode soft switch, a power supply circuit, a flashing alarm circuit and a sound alarm circuit, wherein the detecting voltage input end of the leakage voltage sampling circuit is connected with two-stage negation gate after being depressurized by a resistance-capacitance, undergoing half wave rectification by a diode and being filtered by a electrolytic capacitor; the output end of the two-stage negation gate passes through a photoelectric coupler and is connected with a trigger signal input end of the triode soft switch; the output end of the triode soft switch is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with the input end of the flashing alarm circuit and the other path is connected with the sound alarm circuit; and working power supplies of various circuits are supplied by the power supply circuit. The sound and flashing leakage alarm device has the advantages that the sound and flashing leakage alarm device is not harassed by safety voltage leakage alarm, is safe and reliable, and has small volume, long service life, high response precision, sonorous sound alarm signal and obvious visual alarm.


This paper proposes the new way to exhibit digital cultural assets by using virtual reality system. We introduce our trial for promoting people to understand the cultural assets at the Tokyo National Museum. And by evaluating the result of questionnaires, we verify the validity of our methods.


Filament wound structures such as pressure tanks, pipes and motor cases of rockets are widely used in aerospace applications. The determination of a proper winding angle and thickness is very important to decrease manufacturing difficulties and to increase structural efficiency. In this study, possible winding angles considering the slippage between a fiber and a mandrel surface are calculated using the semi-geodesic path equation. In addition, finite element analyses using ABAQUS are performed to predict the behavior of filament wound structures considering continuous change of the winding angle and thickness at the dome part due to fiber built-up near the metallic boss. Water-pressuring tests of a third stage motor case are performed to verify the analysis procedure. The strain gages are attached on the surface in the fiber direction. Progressive failure analysis predicted the burst pressure a little bit higher than the experiment and the weakest region of the motor case very well. The effect of reinforcement is also studied to increase its performance.


© 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved N. Hamidin, A.L. Othman Lutifi, N.A. Abdul Ghani, Acute Toxicity of Endosulfan to ), 341-345, 2015


The acyclic tetraphosphorus dication [Ph3P-PPh-PPh-PPh3]2+ has been formed by the reductive coupling of [Ph3P-PPhCl]+, providing a new synthetic method for the systematic development of catena-phosphorus cations. Ligand exchange (Ph3P for Me3P) gives [Me3P-PPh-PPh-PMe3]2+, implicating these dications as bisphosphine-diphosphenium complexes.


With the analysis of the distribution network by the way of queue theory, the queue model of distribution network is determined. And the main factors of queue network under the condition of statistical balance are given. The optimial cost of sale system is discussed and the example is analyzed.


The theme of this article is The Judicialization of Health: Challenging the Effectivation of the Fundamental Guarantee. The following problem was investigated: "Does judicialization cause injustice?" The following hypothesis was considered: "It is not injustice to the extent that the State does not offer health effectively." The overall objective is to "Demonstrate the leading cause of judicialization." The specific objectives are: "Investigate the sector most affected by the lack of care"; "Examine the State as a guarantor of rights"; "Demonstrate the reasons of judicialization". This work is important from an individual perspective because of the number of people dead awaiting emergency health care; for science, it is relevant because it provokes the perception that investing in emergency care is essential to reduce judicialization; It adds to society for the fact that such a premise saves lives, the most valuable asset within the legal system, essential for the Democratic Rule of Law. This is a theoretical qualitative research lasting six months.


Three anthelmintics Oxfendazole (Oxafex, Glaxo Wellcomc), Ivermectin (Ivomec, MSD) and Albendazole (Farbenda, Farvet) were evaluated against natural strongyle infections in horses. Forty horses naturally infected with strongyle infections were randomly divided into four equal groups A, B, C and D. Horses from group A, B, C were dosed with Oxafex, Ivomec and Farbenda according to manufacture's recommendation. Group D served as an un-medicated positive control. Faecal samples were collected on day zero (day of drug administration), day 14th (post medication) and day 28 (post medication). Egg counts per gram of faeces were determined by Modified McMaster technique. The efficacy of three drugs was evaluated by comparing percent reduction in faecal egg counts on day 14th and day 281h from day zero. The medicated groups were compared with each other and also with the control group. The efficacy of Oxafex, Ivomec and Farbenda was 94.7, 98 and 81% respectively on day l4-post medication. Their efficacy on day 28th post medication was 100%, 96% and 86%, respectively.