It is the main purpose of this paper to study the asymptotics of variants of the empirical process in the context of survey data. Precisely, a functional central limit theorem is established when the sample is picked by means of a Poisson survey scheme. This preliminary result is then extended to the case of the rejective or conditional Poisson sampling case, and in turn to high entropy survey sampling plans which are close to the rejective design in the sense of the Bounded-Lipschitz distance. The framework we develop encompasses survey sampling designs with non-uniform first order inclusion probabilities, which can be defi ned so as to optimize estimation accuracy. Applications to Hadamard- and Fr echet-diff erentiable functionals are also considered together with the construction of uniform confi dence bands of the cumulative distribution function. Related simulation results are displayed for illustration purpose.


The introduction of the syntagm "ordinary psychosis" by J-A miller has enabled to underline the current relevance of a new clinic called "continuist", no more accepting psychosis in the forms fixed by the psychiatric discourse. In times when the Other does not exist, the treatment of these subjects allows to unveil the types of bricolage, making it possible to enlace the categories RSI. This article seeks to initiate a reflection about the links between paternal function and relation to knowledge. In order to do this, starts from the distinction between neurosis and psychosis based on the subject's relation to knowledge and discusses the subject's encounter with an analyst, as well as the presence of an already constituted knowledge, a total knowledge, from which the psychotic derives his certainty. At the same time, distinguishes the process of thought and the relation to the body in psychosis. From two clinical cases, approaches the shame and the disbelief, and emphasizes the similarities and differences between neurosis and "ordinary psychosis" in the relation to knowledge. The article concludes with considerations about the analyst's position of addressee of signs without sense, which intends to assist an opening to the social lace for the psychosis' subject.


COVID 19 Pandemic is caused by the viral pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Scientific fraternity worldwide swiftly developed various types of vaccines for the prevention and as mitigation measures for curbing the pandemic. Traditional inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines (protein subunits such as spike proteins), and viral vector vaccines (non-replicating vectors with protein subunits) have been approved by World Health Organisation (WHO) for emergency use. The emergence of many mutated variants has been a worrying factor in the fight against the pandemic. There has been continuous research in the quest for more therapeutics, especially vaccines to curb and stop the pandemic. According to WHO, there are 194 vaccines in pre-clinical trials belonging to various types out of which sixteen is DNA vaccines. In this review, we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the DNA vaccines for Covid - 19. This article tried to explore the available information on DNA vaccines and their current status against Covid – 19 which are in pre-clinical trials.


The chief objects of your journey are to find the shortest & most convenient route of communication between the U.S. & the Pacific ocean, within the temperate latitudes, & Io learn such particulars as can be obtained of the country through which it passes, U 's productions, inhabitants & their interesting circumstances. THOMAS JEFFKRSON, instruction to AndrA© Michaux, April 1793 The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river, & such principal stream of it, as, by it's course and communication with the waters of the Pacific ocean . . . may offer the most direct & practicable water communication across this continent for the purposes of commerce. THOMAS JEFFERSON, instruction to Meriwether Lewis, June 20, 1803 LOOKING WEST from Monticello, Thomas Jefferson envisioned the shadows of an Empire of Liberty spreading to the Pacific shore, growing out of "the mutual interest and natural sociability of liberty-loving republicans" to overcome fragility and faction in the nation and forge a durable and "harmonious union of free states in America." ' In part, Jefferson's hopes for a new and expansive nation drew upon the heft of Scots philosophers such as Adam Smith, and particularly upon their theories of sympathetic and commercial exchange in promoting harmonious union. For Smith, fiscal and emotional exchange famously produced networks of reciprocal indebtedness and expectancy that made the very idea of societies and nations possible. Like many others in the new national government, Jefferson shared in the belief that commercial exchange held an almost mystical capacity for promoting peace in international affairs, while in domestic affairs commercial ties were "the equivalent to affection among people," person and nation converging in unity.2 Lewis and Clark have meant many things to many historians over the years, but the two notions that their expedition was somehow a manifestation of Jefferson's Empire of Liberty and that it was somehow tied to commerce have been remarkably persistent, even though the ultimate origins are rather more complex. The Corps of Discovery, as it turns out, was the last in a series of expeditions conceived at the American Philosophical Society (APS), and the only one to be brought to full fruition, and in some sense it may be traced back not to Jefferson but to the Quaker botanist and seedsman Humphry Marshall. As early as 1778, Marshall was rumbling about a "journey to the Mississippi westward" in the halls of the APS, and in 1785 he lobbied his fellow members to organize an expedition under his botanically inclined nephew Moses Marshall and his cousin William Bartram. When that effort, too, withered on the vine, Marshall turned across the Atlantic to Joseph Banks in an attempt to persuade the British Royal Society to send either Moses or himself to "explore the western regions in Search of minerals, fossils or inflammables and objects of natural History &." When this, too, passed, Marshall renewed his efforts with the APS in 1792 and found that his views at last intertwined with those of a person, Jefferson, who was capable of transforming idea into practice. The end result, a failure by most measures, was an expedition led by the young French botanist AndrA© Michaux that was intended to descend the Ohio River to the Mississippi and from there to ascend to the Missouri westward to the Pacific. Although Michaux was recalled before reaching terra incognita, the instructions that Jefferson drafted for him served as a conceptual template for Lewis and Clark a decade later.s Although a certain continuity connects these earlier efforts to the Corps of Discovery, they are, at least in one regard, distinct. True, when he dusted off Michaux's instructions for Lewis's all-observing eye, Jefferson still entertained hopes of finding herds of mastodons roaming the western wilds and still suggested that taking notes on birch paper would best ensure their survival in unfavorable conditions. …


Patients typically present with chest pain or increasing shortness of breath. The diagnosis is usually indicated by imaging studies (unilateral pleural mass, pleural effusion). Occupational history must be obtained. Cytological examination of the effusion can be diagnostic, but often shows equivocal results. Therefore, histology is the gold standard. Video-assisted thoracoscopy or open pleural biopsy may be necessary to provide sufficient material for accurate histological diagnosis. There are three main histological types (epithelial, sarcomatous, and mixed) with 60% being epithelial. Recent data indicate the possible contribution of serum mesothelin-related proteins and osteopontin as useful markers for mesothelioma diagnosis.


The present invention relates to a solar photovoltaic heat pump air-conditioning system, and is formed from independent solar photovoltaic powder supply device and heat pump air-conditioning device, the heat pump air-conditioning device can utilizer power suorce provided by solar photovoltaic power supply device to make work. Said invention not only can save energy, but also can protect environment.


The invention discloses a road semiautomatic extraction method based on wavelet detection and ridge line tracking, which mainly solves the problem that the prior road extraction method can not quickly and accurately extract curved roads. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out region growing and smoothing on high-brightness interference regions; then carrying out wavelet edge detection on the region to be extracted to obtain an edge detection graph; adding a center point correction method in the extraction process; in the edge detection graph, calculating the road azimuth according to a ridge line tracking algorithm and a minimum variance estimate and gradiometer algorithm; and finally, gradually extracting the road along the road azimuth. The invention has the advantages of high speed, accuracy and strong robustness, can obtain favorable extraction effect especially for roads with severe curvature change, and can be used for map updating, image matching, target detection and digital mapping automation.


Gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms are substantially reduced when body image is statistically controlled. The current investigation examines the temporal association (13-month time lag) between body image and depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of male and female adolescents. It was anticipated that body image would have a stronger impact on the depressive symptoms of girls than of boys and that African Americans would be less likely than the other groups to exhibit increased depressive symptomatology as a function of a change toward a more negative body image. Findings showed that girls were more influenced by change in body image than boys, but our assumption that African American girls would be least affected by body image changes was strongly disconfirmed. Relative to girls from other race/ethnicity groups, African American girls experienced a steeper increase in psychological distress as body image declined.


AbstractCharacterization of nonlinear trends in time series of hydroclimatic variables exhibiting nonstationarity is necessary for more realistic projections of climate change and for optimal desig...


Gastric cancer (GC), a heterogenous adenocarcinoma of the stomach, is the fourth most common cancer and the second cause of cancer death worldwide [1]. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) secreting GC (AFP(+) GC is quite different from the conventional stomach cancer (AFP(-) GC) being more aggressive, having lower patient survival times, and prone to liver/lymph node metastasis [2]. Another subtype of GCs, termed the Signet Ring cell gastric carcinoma, originates in the stomach glandular cells, produces mucin and ERBB2 (an oncogenic receptor), and is histopositive for AFP and its cell surface receptor [3]. A third subtype of GC is hepatoid cancer (HC) of the stomach which mimics a hepatocellular carcinoma. The HC is also a high AFP(+) secreting stomach cancer characterized by lymphadenopathy, liver metastasis, and venous tumor thrombosis [4-6]. The AFP(+)GC is an aggressive, highly malignant, metastatic, fast progressing tumor with a poor prognosis. No standard therapy is currently available for patients with AFP(+)GC although several multi-modal therapies have been reported [2]. These modalities include surgery, chemotherapeutics, drugs, and interventative and molecular targeted therapies. The chemo-drug therapies have encompassed;


Psychiatric evaluations were completed on four patients who were treated for "idiopathic flushing" with a long-acting analogue of somatostatin. All four patients had symptom profiles consistent with a diagnosis of panic disorder. All four experienced clinically significant relief from panic-like attacks while on the experimental medication. These findings suggest a possible role for somatostatin in the pathophysiology and treatment of panic disorder.


The complex impact structure El'gygytgyn (age 3.6 Ma, diameter 18 km) in northeastern Russia was formed in ~88 Ma old volcanic target rocks of the Ochotsk‐Chukotsky Volcanic Belt (OCVB). In 2009, El'gygytgyn was the target of a drilling project of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), and in summer 2011 it was investigated further by a Russian–German expedition. Drill core material and surface samples, including volcanic target rocks and impactites, have been investigated by various geochemical techniques in order to improve the record of trace element characteristics for these lithologies and to attempt to detect and constrain a possible meteoritic component. The bedrock units of the ICDP drill core reflect the felsic volcanics that are predominant in the crater vicinity. The overlying suevites comprise a mixture of all currently known target lithologies, dominated by felsic rocks but lacking a discernable meteoritic component based on platinum group element abundances. The reworked suevite, directly overlain by lake sediments, is not only comparatively enriched in shocked minerals and impact glass spherules, but also contains the highest concentrations of Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh compared to other El'gygytgyn impactites. This is—to a lesser extent—the result of admixture of a mafic component, but more likely the signature of a chondritic meteoritic component. However, the highly siderophile element contribution from target material akin to the mafic blocks of the ICDP drill core to the impactites remains poorly constrained.


X-ray absorbers specialized for some samples, which contain vast amounts of certain elements, have been designed and tried. By means of these absorbers, x-ray spectra in which some distinguished x-ray peaks exist become fairly gentle-sloping over a wide x-ray energy range, and consequently, both sensitivity and efficiency of measurements are fairly improved. Furthermore, these absorbers enable us to analyze all elements simultaneously, to save measuring time and also to improve accuracy of analysis. Transmission curves of these absorbers are determined using techniques developed by us, and the accuracy has been confirmed by analyzing a few standard samples.


The aim of Bachelor´s thesis is analysis of corporate income tax of Slovak company POOLMAN s.r.o. expanding to Czech market. The theoretical part briefly describes the tax systems of Slovak and Czech Republic, their legislation and points to differences between them and discusses in detail the corporate income tax in both countries. In practical part is displayed in the calculation of the tax base of corporate income tax based on the same documents for both countries, analysis of profit and loss items and tax return and for company recommended tax optimization for future tax periods. In conclusion summarizes the theo-retical as well as practical knowledge and the results of this thesis. Parts of this Bachelor thesis are also fully filled out tax returns for both countries.


The flow and combustion process of a new type of pulverized coal burner, the "bluff-body in cavity", is studied in this paper. This is an improvement on the basic principle of the ordinary bluff-body burner. Mean and fluctuating velocity components and turbulence characteristics of the flow in the outlet of the "bluff-body in cavity" burner were measured using a three-dimensional laser particle dynamics anemometer (3D-PDA). Combustion tests showed that this burner is better than an ordinary burner with only a bluff-body regarding the ignition and flame stability. Application of this new burner in several power plant boilers (65-670 t/h) showed that the temperature in the flame zone is high, the combustion process is very stable, and the boiler efficiency is increased. These improvements indicate a promising future for the burner.


The invention two kinds (異種) the contents are mixed by vortex form through the single discharge passage after the movement in accordance with the final discharged, the mixing of the mixed contents discharged always uniformly well mixed the two two kinds of contents state of two kinds of contents to receptacles , mixed use vessels of different types of content in accordance with the present invention, the first content is filled is installed in the upper portion of the container body, the container body a discharge pump and the pump body to discharge the first contents to the outside as on the It coupled internal to the bottom in the closed state if and extends in a direction, the suction pipe at the bottom of which is provided with the first contents, and other add-intake valve for the intake of the other contents, and the inner side in contact with the suction line of the container body and the outer side is in contact with the inner surface of the container body, the first content by the buoyancy located in the surface of the first set includes Himyeo is fixed to the water-tight state and is fixed to the water-tight state the top of the piston and the piston to be adjusted to a height of the bottom of the inlet valve portion in accordance with the water level in contact according to the downward movement of the piston, a corrugated pipe that is the second contents received in the interior and, is installed in the inlet valve portion of the suction pipe is configured to include the first valve and the second valve to reduce or cut off inlet to the second content in the first content and a corrugated pipe within the container body into the suction pipe.


Falling prices and increasing capacity of DNA sequencing technologies create opportunities to use whole-genome sequence data for the prediction of genetic values of individuals for quantitative traits. The accuracy of these genomic predictions is important in plant and animal breeding. The polymorphisms (called SNPs here for simplicity) causal to the genetic differences between the individuals are among those being analyzed for whole-genome sequence data. In Bayesian variable selection methods different prior distributions are assigned to the set of (causal) SNPs with moderate to large effects and to the set of SNPs with virtually no effect on the prediction of the trait. Alternatively, regression methods exploiting a genomic relationship matrix omit the distinction between causal and non-causal SNPs by weighting each SNP equally. Here, the Bayesian Stochastic Search Variable Selection (BayesSSVS) and the Genome-enabled Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) were used, respectively. It was anticipated that BayesSSVS outperforms G-BLUP as the latter does not take full advantage of sequence data.


Mr. Z. Kuramochi has recently obtained the following very interesting result concerning the classification of Riemann surfaces [1]: If we delete from a Riemann surface belonging to the class an arbitrary compact set, the resulting surface remains in the class . In the present paper we indicate a new method of proving this theorem, simultaneously for the cases B and D.


Beans are an essential food and the primary protein source for many people worldwide, and there is a need to develop affordable and nutritious bean-based food products, particularly for individuals who are unable to consume animal protein due to financial or health constraints. This study aimed to investigate how cooking beans in whey can affect the biological value and the activity of protease inhibitors (TIA) of the bean puree obtained. Bean seeds were soaked in water for (5–6) hours, then cooked in the whey after discarding water. Boiled beans were then coarsely ground and followed by fine grinding after removing cooking liquid; the obtained bean puree was cooled to 20 °C. Following the same method, the control sample was prepared using water as a cooking liquid. Bean puree obtained from whey-cooking (BPCW) was compared to control (bean puree obtained from water-cooking (BPW)) in terms of trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and the relative biological value (RBV%) using the test organism (Tetrahymena Pyriformis). TIA in BPCW decreased by (6,7 %; 3,8 % – for water soluble and salt soluble TIA respectively). RBV % showed a significant increase (25 %) after treating samples with whey compared to control, demonstrating the efficacy of incorporating bean puree obtained by this method to develop highly nutritious bean-based foodstuffs for specialized and functional purposes.


The status of separate components of natural ecosystems (soil cover, vegetation, and populations of small mammals) in the impact zone of the Nizhnekamsk industrial complex has been studied. It was found that the contents of heavy metals in soils and plants of the impact zone are low. However, a negative effect of heavy metals on the growth of lichens is noted. Changes in the degree of moistening (up to partial bogging) of the study area near the Nizhnekamsk industrial complex (in a radius of 0.5 km) have resulted in the transformation of the plant cover structure (changes in species composition of the herb-dwarf shrub layer, appearance of hygrophytes, increasing role of mesohygrophytes in the phytocenosis, and the decay of trees) and in changes in the population characteristics of common redbacked vole.


We present the results of a 5000-h life test at 85/spl deg/C/85% RH on commercial planar and fused-fiber optical splitters. After considering possible mechanisms of failure a preliminary failure rate is estimated. Experimental results demonstrate that the manufacturing process has to be improved and an effective screening procedure should be envisaged in order to obtain highly reliable couplers.


We derive simplified normal forms for an area-preserving map in a neighbourhood of a degenerate resonant elliptic fixed point. Such fixed points appear in generic families of area-preserving maps. We also derive a simplified normal form for a generic two-parametric family. The normal forms are used to analyse bifurcations of n-periodic orbits. In particular, for n ⩾ 6 we find regions of parameters where the normal form has 'meandering' invariant curves.


In the field of Natural Language Processing, supervised machine learning is commonly used to solve classification tasks such as sentiment analysis and text categorization. The classical way of repr ...


Various techniques of transmission electron microscopy as well as secondary ion mass spectroscopy have been used to study phosphorus diffusion gettering of platinum in silicon under conditions of high phosphorus concentrations. PtSi precipitates have been observed directly beneath the interface between silicon and the phosphorus silica glass formed on top of the wafers. Gettering at 920 °C leads to the formation of isolated PtSi particles adjacent to SiP precipitates whereas an almost closed silicide film is observed at 1100 °C in the absence of SiP precipitates. For the latter conditions we observe a broad band of extrinsic faulted loops which establish a supersaturation of silicon self-interstitials in the highly phosphorus doped layer. The results support previous modeling bf the precipitation mode of phosphorus diffusion gettering which assumes that local currents of silicon self-interstitials may lead to silicide precipitate formation.


In sediments from Chignahuapan Lake, State of Mexico, Mexico, 96 palynomorphs were identified. Eight taxa were found for algae, one family with one genus both for Equisetopsida and Lycopodiopsida, and 6 families with 10 genera for Polypodiopsida. Pinophyta were represented by 3 families and 3 genera, Liliopsida by 10 families and 13 genera, and Magnoliopsida by 44 families and 50 genera. The temperate forest surrounding Chignahuapan lake included components such as Abies, Alnus, Pinus, Quercus and Salix; aquatic and subaquatic vegetation components such as Cyperus, Luzula, Myriophyllum, Typha and Schoenoplectus were also present. Human activity was inferred from the occurrence of Zea mays and Cucurbitaceae.


increase, and 74 with a decrease of barometer readings! that, out of 100 eases of toothache, 19 occurred with an increase of barometer readings, and 00 with a decrease! and, above all, when I came to the last line, and read that, out of 100 deaths from all causes, 76.2 occurred with a north-west wind, 52.3 with an east wind, 42.3 with a north-east wind, :36.0 with a west wind, 35.1 with a north wind, 25.5 with a south-east wind, 25.1 with a south winid, and 24.1 with a south-west wind!! In conclusion, as Dr. Barker appears the les pleased with my previous remarks on the ground of their containing no positive suggestion of value, I miiay perhaps be permitted to observe, that the detection of an error, although a humbler, and commonly a tihankless office, may nevertheless be as real a service to the cause of seience, as the suggestion of an im. provement. But I have no wish to exaggerate the importance of my suggestions. If they are of any value, they will speak for themselves; and I should be sorry to overstep the bounds of diffidence proper to one " practically unacquainted" with the subject. I am, etc., GEORGE F. Bum)rs. Clifton, Nov. 29th, 1853.


With the innovation and development over more than twenty years,Chinese catering industry has achieved the significent success.The trend of informatization has immersed into every aspect of life and a trend of the society.This paper studies informatization and information technology,and the general situation of Chinese catering innovation based on information technology for modularized production and cusine innovation with the demand of modern society.This may advance the whole level of Chinese catering industry to reach the level of international dining informatization standard as soon as possible.


Angiotensin (AT) II is known to enhance responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) via AT1 receptors located on sympathetic nerve terminals. Differences in potency exist between AT1 receptor antagonists regarding the inhibition of the prejunctional and postjunctional AT1 receptors. It is hypothesized that prejunctional AT1 receptors might belong to the AT1B receptor subtype. Accordingly, the authors investigated whether AT1B receptor inhibition by high concentrations of PD123319 could suppress ATII-augmented noradrenergic transmission (prejunctional) in the rabbit thoracic aorta by means of a noradrenaline spillover model. Additionally, the influence of PD123319 on ATII-enhanced constrictor responses to electrical field stimulation was investigated in the isolated rabbit mesenteric artery. Furthermore, the authors investigated whether PD123319 could influence the constrictor responses (postjunctional) to ATII in both preparations. In the thoracic aorta, ATII (10 n M) caused a significant enhancement of EFS-evoked [3H]-noradrenaline release by a factor of 2.0 ± 0.1. This reinforcement could be inhibited by PD123319 (0.1, 1, and 10 &mgr;M). The constrictor response to ATII was unaffected by PD123319. In the mesenteric artery, ATII (0.5 n M) caused a significant enhancement of constrictor responses to EFS by factors of 2.9 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.3, and 1.6 ± 0.1 at 1, 2, and 4 Hz, respectively. This enhancement could be attenuated by PD123319 (1 and 10 &mgr;M). The constrictor response to ATII was unaffected by PD123319. It is concluded that the prejunctional AT1 receptors belong to the AT1B subtype whereas postjunctional AT1 receptors do not.


The rapid rise of trade in part of components –in the context of an increasingly important global production chain – is a key future of Asia's economic miracle. This paper aims at analyzing empirically what are key determinants of trade in parts and components.


market competition of the domestic mobile communications industry is increasingly fierce, with more emphasis on customer-centered perfect customer relationship management and on that the explosive growth of customer data needs the support of data mining technology. This article introduces the connotation of customer relationship management and data mining, analyzes the necessity of the application of data mining to customer relationship management in the mobile communication industry, and researches the field and the steps of such application.


"Severe Counterclaim" was one form of the unwritten law,a severe measure of economic penalty.Eventually it changed in nature and became cancer of the Yao society,which affected the life and social activities of the Yao Groups seriously.The reason of the change of the nature of "Severe Counterclaim" lies in several aspects:the social warrior convention,chaos of the social system,the born defection of the clan system and the poverty of the Yao Groups.


Rutile TiO2 hierarchical microspheres were prepared by a facile solution chemistry method with an aim to achieve nanoscale boundary cavities (NBCs) that can be tailored for optimum giant dielectric performance. The formation of these microspheres proceeded via a supersaturated spontaneous nucleation and a subsequent radial growth to develop into well-defined 3D hierarchical structures. All microspheres showed a diameter of about 8–10 μm and were constructed by small bundles that consisted of smaller nanowires with a diameter of 8–10 nm. These nanowires are characterized by a preferential growth along the [001] direction which eventually led to the externally exposed (110) planes for hierarchical microspheres. Strikingly, in between these constituent nanowires, there existed plenty of NBCs that created a great number of surface defect dipoles. The NBCs were further tailored by subsequent annealing of the microspheres, as clearly indicated by lattice contraction, linear increase of axis ratio, and red-shift of band-gap energy. As a consequence, rutile TiO2 hierarchical microspheres showed an optimum giant permittivity of approximately 104 level till 500 Hz at room temperature, compatible to the known giant-dielectric multicomponent materials such as CaCu3Ti4O12. These findings were rationalized in terms of NBCs and the resulting surface defect dipoles. As a reproductive prototype, tailoring of the NBCs in rutile hierarchical microspheres as reported in this work can be applied to a broad class of assembled nanostructures and probably film systems to modulate the dielectric performances for advanced electronic device aspects.


This article focuses on a conflict that developed at Checkpoint Charlie in 2004 about the representation of the history of the famous site. It is argued that, in the deregulated Berlin heritage industry, urban streets prove to be the contested arenas in which questions of historic agency and display, as well as those of self and other, are (re)negotiated between public, private, local, and international actors, providing no ready-made scripts, but offering highly different negotiation powers for each of them.


Great in amount, rich in content and clearly labelled with unearthing records, the bones and tortoise shells unearthed east of the Huayuan Village in the Yin Ruins present very high scientific value. The bones and tortoise shells in the "Huadong subgroup" provide large quantities of new data: First, these new materials involve many areas, such as "names of time", "greater year" and "hunting chief". Besides, they present some newly-discovered words, for instance, the words "shou", "jin" and "mian".


Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) and dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) are very effective catalysts for the alcoholysis of diarylsilanes and the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds, providing a selective route to diarylalkoxysilanes.


Background: Suspicion of urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common justification for prescribing antibiotics in nursing homes. More than half of antibiotic prescriptions for treatment of UTI in nursing homes are either unnecessary or inappropriate. Achieving a better understanding of the factors that underlie UTI treatment decisions is necessary to improve the quality of antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes. An ongoing hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial of a recently developed nursing home UTI recognition and management tool kit provided us with an opportunity to explore the influence of organizational, clinical, and staff attributes on UTI antibiotic prescribing practices in nursing homes. Methods: Data on antibiotic starts for suspected UTIs were collected in 29 nursing homes over a 9-month period. Antibiotic practices evaluated included total antibiotic starts per 1,000 resident days, % antibiotic starts with treatment duration >7 days, % antibiotic starts in which the initial antibiotic choice was a fluoroquinolone, and % antibiotic starts meeting UTI tool-kit criteria of appropriateness. Prior research and bivariate analyses were used to select clinical and organizational attributes as well as individual nursing staff-level retention rates for inclusion in a stepwise linear regression model for each antibiotic practice outcome. Results: In total, 602 UTI antibiotic events were evaluated. Four associations were identified for antibiotic starts including nursing home urine culture rate, ICP status, nonprofit and part-time LPN retention. Nursing homes with higher full-time LPN retention had a lower rate of antibiotic treatment duration >7 days. Full-time CNAs and part-time LPNs retention and for-profit status was associated with the proportion of fluoroquinolone antibiotic starts. No attributes influenced the proportion of antibiotic starts meeting appropriateness criteria (Fig. 1). Urine culture rates are driving overall nursing home antibiotic prescribing. Conclusions: Urine culture practices was strongly associated with UTI treatment rates in nursing homes. A variety of organizational characteristics were also associated with UTI treatment rates as well as other UTI antibiotic prescribing practices. Some of these associations appear paradoxical but may reflect increasing resident acuity and increased capacity to standardize practices through organizational centralization. Funding: Support for the project provided by the Wisconsin Partnership Program. Disclosures: None


Through the lierature of Chen Duxiu and the new archives data,the subjective reasons of Chen Duxiu′s rightist mistakes during the Great Revolution time are discussed.The shortage of theory has made Chen Duxiu follow Communist International′s mistake on the guiding ideology.However,the lack of political experience during the Great Revolution is an important reason for Chen Duxiu Revolution Righ errors.The insufficiency of political experiences makes Chen Duxiu unclear to the various politician cognition appearing with various face.He is shortage of flexibility in treating Communist International instruction,which is harmful for the party construction.


TA implementatio direct stator, single unit va, synchronous I control, vecto vector servo C~ The paper de, implementatio model speed estimation prt topology, dig results (both and discussed


Objective:To improve the diagnosis and treatment of Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis(IRF).Methods:The clinical data of adult siblings with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis were reviewed.Results:The young brother first presented with serious renal failure.Biopsy of surgery showed advanced retroperitoneal fibrosis.Ureterolysis and intraperitoneal transposition wrapping with omental plus steroids showed ineffective.Percutaneous nephrostomy bilaterally kept his renal function to death.Then because of his young brother's history the elder were diagnosed IRF with moderate renal impairment.Surgery alone and Follow-up of 6 years showed well.Conclusions:In the majority of IRF patient,the early symptoms are of no-specific.Analysis of imaging and pathology conduce to refine the diagnostic process and treatment strategies.Early diagnosis and treatment promise favourable outcomes.Sustaining renal function is key point to advanced RF patient.Long-term follow-up is mandatory in all patients.


Introduction: The burden of taking care of patients with psychotic disorders can increase stress and reduce mental health, quality of life and marital satisfaction. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare mental health, resilience and marital satisfaction in women with schizophrenia and mood disorder with spouses. Method: The research method was descriptive-analytic and the statistical population consisted of the spouses of all male patients admitted in Rasht psychiatric hospital in Rasht, Iran during the period from 1394 to 1395. They were diagnosed with psychotic disorders. 187 women were selected using purposeful sampling and 187 normal-wife women were selected and completed three questionnaires including mental health check list, Enrique's Conner, Davidson and marital satisfaction questionnaires. SPSS-22 software and multivariate analysis of covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The research showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of mental health (t = 4.387). Women with psychosis spouses had more symptoms than those with healthy husbands under the mental health components. The survival rate of women with menopausal psychosis was lower than normal group (t = 3.231) (P = 0.001). The components of marital satisfaction were significant at the level of 0.05. This indicates a low level of marital satisfaction among the women compared to the peer group. Conclusion: Responsibility for living among women with schizophrenic wife has been more than bipolar disorder due to a severe decline in these patients' performance. These psychological stresses have led to a decrease in quality of life, persistence and dissatisfaction with marital life, which led to a decrease in mental health they will be.


The variety of runoff,sediment,power of rain and erosion resisting power of four vegetation forms are studied under the condition of the same rainfall in small watershed gully region of loess plateau.It shows that the runoff coefficient of farmland is the biggest 36.33%,the wooded land is the least,not more than 1%.The sediment yield of the farmland is 2-4 times more than that of the wooded land and 4-7 times more than that of the natural wild land;The influence of rain power in four vegetation forms is not obvious;The effect of the farmland is worst in erosion resisting power,and the rest are almost the same.


Sapropterin dihydrochloride(Kuvan) is a synthetic dihydrochloride salt from the naturally occurring BH4.Kuvan can activate PAH enzyme,improve the normal oxidative metabolism of Phe,and decrease Phe levels in patients.Kuvan is the first specific drug to treat PKU.This paper introduced the mechanism of action,pharmacokinetics,clinical study and adverse reactions of Kuvan.


An adrenal pheochromocytoma producing somatostatin (SRIF) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in a 17‐year‐old boy is presented. High concentrations of immunoreactive (IR)‐SRIF were found in plasma taken from the antecubital vein (31.0–33.0 pg/ml) and the inferior caval vein near the tumor (54.6 pg/ml), but after removal of the tumor the values became normal (11.0–15.2 pg/ml). In two portions of the resected tumor, considerable but different amounts of IR‐SRIF (151.7 and 12.1 ng/g wet wt) and IR‐VIP (13.0 and 5.5 ng/g wet wt) were demonstrated with size heterogeneities. Immunohistochemically, many IR‐SRIF cells and a few IR‐VIP cells were observed, but no cell reacting with both anti‐SRIF and anti‐VIP sera was found. Electronmicroscopically, many tumor cells had catecholamine‐like granules (250–350 nm in diameter) while some others had VIP‐like granules (100–140 nm in diameter). However, no granules resembling the SRIF granules seen in the pancreatic D cells were found. This seems to be the first report of an adrenal pheochromocytoma that produces SRIF and VIP simultaneously. It provides information on the histogenesis of hormone‐producing neurogenic tumors. Cancer 52:282‐289, 1983.


Using a tight-binding, total-energy model, we predict the atomic and electronic structure of the relaxed (1[times]1) corundum (0001) surface. The surface shows a large, bond-length-conserving relaxation, which is allowed by the topology of the surface. The relaxation is driven by a rehybridization of the surface Al atoms to [ital sp][sup 2], and an accompanying drop in the energy of occupied surface states, during the relaxation. Displacements of surface atoms from bulk positions are as large as 0.7 A, and should be observable using a low-energy electron diffraction intensity analysis. Full relaxed atomic positions are reported, as well as a wavelength-resolved surface band structure, including orbital characters of surface states.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption potential, food preference and use of snail Pomacea canaliculata as a biocontrol agent of four submerged aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa, Egeria najas and Hydrilla verticillata). Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the introduction of a snail took place and 10 grams of each macrophyte in plastic containers with 1 liter of water. The assessments of consumption by the snail were performed at each 48 hours, during 12 days. The second experiment was performed in 600 liters microcosms containing five snails in each experimental unit. Fifty grams of each macrophyte were offered the snails at the same time, adding the same amounts after seven, 14, 21 and 30 days. On both trials, the most consumed macrophyte by the P. canaliculata was H. verticillata (7.64 ± 1.0 g 48 h and 50 ± 0.18 g) respectively, significantly differing from the others. However, in the absence of H. verticilata, E. najas and E. densa were consumed. The preference of P. canaliculata for H. verticillata is very interesting, because this plant is exotic and problematic in Brazil, and the snail is one more tool for biological management of submerged aquatic macrophyte H. verticillata.


Based on exploring the geometrical modelling in computer graphics,an general file format of 3-D models is put forward,which using manifold triangular meshes is mathematically formal.The 3-D file format(G3D) is open,capable of extensibility,continuous LOD,interactive display,rigid-body based animation and CPM transmission.Further,the analysis of various LOD algorithms and their implementation are detailed by the primitive construction and in interactive OpenGL programming.Finally,the definition of CPM compressed formats is also probed into.This paper is valuable for application and research of 3-D electronic document customization and manipulation,repurposing 3-D content,visualization over the web,etc.


The concept of a Smart grid -- an intelligent and active power distribution network that uses advanced communication technology to collect and use real time operational information for efficient control of the grid -- has become one of the hottest research topics in the areas of information technology and electrical engineering. Governments and the private sector have started to invest billions of dollars into this new technology that will not only allow more efficient management of current grids, better load distribution, demand control, up-to-date status monitoring and faster failure recovery, but also promises better integration of new services and applications such as smart homes and intelligent appliances, new energy sources, and EV grids. These features will be made possible by a wide deployment of data collection devices such as embedded sensors, smart meters and communication networks to bring this data into control centres for analysis, as well as automated controls and algorithms for decision making based on the current status information.

As more intelligence is built into the electrical grid, the issue of grid security becomes extremely important and must be considered within the broader field of cyber-security. The automated control functions of the smart grid could be manipulated by intruders to gain control of the power distribution networks, steal customer information, or inflict other damages. Network-based attacks may be used to disrupt the network, overload part of the grid or disconnect regions. The security of the access devices that provide real-time information must be examined carefully. A major challenge at the moment lies in the variety of options for Smart Grid Communication at both access and core networks. Smart meter communication and messaging technologies could be based on DLMS/COSEM standard or IP-based, using a wired or wireless sensor platform e.g. 6LoWPAN or IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee, in a mesh or cluster-based topology, connected using fibers or based on cellular technologies such as LTE or WiMax. The variety of technologies available poses an enormous challenge in incorporating security and survivability features into the Smart Grid design. Interoperability issues between devices pose further security challenges that must be addressed based on the undergoing standardization works, most notably the IEEE P2030 project.

Overcoming security challenges in Smart Grid communication will require careful evaluation of the proposed communication technologies and their interoperation. This includes the creation of security test beds, which would allow examination of the survivability of the grid system against a variety of security attacks and further system hardening and the development of integrated simulation environments for the communication network and the power grid. Also required is the development of various components of a situational awareness system, such as Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems and network management agents, to monitor and present the common operational picture (COP) of the grid from individual sensors and meters to the main controllers at the network control centers.

In addition to the security of grid communication systems, the privacy of communication and consumer data are also extremely important, in particular in the case of Smart home/Smart Grid. This is because detailed consumer data may be collected and analyzed without active participation from the homeowner. The Canadian law greatly emphasizes the importance of protecting the privacy of users, and puts that responsibility squarely on the shoulder of data collectors, i.e. grid operators and utility companies in this case. Any design for Smart Grid communication must strike a delicate balance between functionality and privacy. While from an operational point of view it might be beneficial to collect and maintain detailed individual usage information in order to optimize the network operations, this would also cause significant privacy concerns if such data ever fell into the wrong hands or was used for individual identification in cases where consumer protection laws were applied. Many questions must be answered, for example: How do we aggregate data and minimize individual user identification without compromising the usefulness of data? How do we to maintain privacy of data along the entire path of the sensors and to the main databases? What is the most secure model for interactions between users and the Grid, to monitor and control the trust levels of devices that are connected to the Grid?

The aim of this workshop was to explore the latest progress and research in the field of smart grid communication security and privacy, and to provide a forum for researchers, students and business experts from both academia and industry, to discuss the latest innovations and future works in the field. The new initiatives by federal and provincial government institutions in North America, including Ontario Smart Grid Initiative and British Columbia Smart Metering program, as well as the comprehensive US Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid (released in June 2011) further highlight the urgency and importance of such discussion in academia and industry. Considering the broad challenges involved with the design and operation of Smart grids, this workshop focused on issues specifically dealing with security and privacy issues. The topics of interest for this workshop included the following:

• Smart Grid Architecture Security

• Smart Grid Security Risk Assessment

• Smart Grid Physical and Device Security

• Mitigating Cyber Attacks against the Smart Grid

• Intrusion Detection for Smart Grid

• Privacy Issues in Smart Metering

• Smart Grid Resilience

• Smart Grid Restoration and Failure Recovery

• Grid Access and Sensor Network Security and Privacy

• Evaluation of Smart Grid Communication Protocols

• Smart Home Security and Privacy Issues

• Trust models for Smart Grid/Smart Home

Experts from the business and industry were invited to present an overview of the current trends and challenges in Smart grid security and privacy. Presentations from the academia provided a glance into the latest academic research for this field. The workshop was concluded with a panel discussion on the topic of information security and privacy that also set the agenda for future workshops of this kind.


We report on ultrabroad infrared (IR) luminescences covering the 1000–1700-nm wavelength region, from Bi-doped 75GeO_2–20RO–5Al_2O_3–1Bi_2O_3 (R = Sr, Ca, and Mg) glasses. The full width at half-maximum of the IR luminescences excited at 980 nm increases (315 → 440 → 510 nm) with the change of alkaline earth metal (Mg^2+→ Ca^2+→ Sr^2+). The fluorescence lifetime of the glass samples is 1725, 157, and 264 μs when R is Sr, Ca, and Mg, respectively. These materials may be promising candidates for broad-band fiber amplifiers and tunable laser resources.


It is well known that a certain type of Graves' disease in which the eye signs predominate has, in some cases, necessitated surgical orbital decompression for the relief of symptoms and the preservation of vision. This type of case, variously referred to as "malignant ex. ophthalmos," "exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia," "progressive postoperative exophthalmos with low metabolic rate,"5 usually follows thyroidectomy but occasionally occurs primarily. Means" and his colleagues have adopted the practice of dividing Graves' disease into the classic type and the special ophthalmopathic type with which this paper is principally concerned.


Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a water-conserving mode of photosynthesis that, like C4 photosynthesis, is a modification of the C3 photosynthetic pathway fitted with a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) that can increase the [CO2] around ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) by more than 10-fold and suppress photorespiration. The overall energy demand of the CAM pathway is only about 10% more than that of C3 photosynthesis, as costs of the CCM machinery are partially offset by reducing photorespiration.

In C4 plants, as explained earlier in Section 2.2.2, this CCM is most commonly achieved by an "in-line turbocharger" based on initial CO2 fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) into C4 acids in the cytoplasm of outer mesophyll cells. These acids diffuse rapidly to adjacent relatively CO2-tight bundle-sheath cells (Figure 2.31 right) where CO2 is released again. High [CO2] builds up in this spatially separated compartment where it is refixed by Rubisco.


Objective To research microsurgical removal of ambi - growing meningiomas in the falx cerebri and sagittal sinuses through interhemispheric approach. Method 21 cases were observed retrospectively. The treatment strategy was resection of the tumors by microsurgery and effective management of the sagittal sinus and falx intraopemtively. The effect was also analyzed. Results Total resection was achieved in 19 cases,including Simpson grade I in 2, Ⅱ in 13 and Ⅲ in 4,and subtotal resection in 2. Conclusions This approach has the advantage of shorter distance, more operating space and well protection for surrounding tissues. The surrounding structures affects the total resection rate.

Key words:
Meningioma;  Microsurgery;  Ambi-growing;  Saginal sinus;  Cerebral falx


Application of information technology in the era of big data and cloud computing has led to the trend of electronic payments through financial technology, or FinTech. One of the most popular FinTech applications in Indonesia is Go-Pay in the Gojek start-up application. This research will analyze how the FinTech Go-Pay user experience both for transactions on Gojek and at merchants that collaborate with Gojek. User Experience (UX) is analyzed using the User Experience Questionnaire which consists of 6 (six) variables (Attractiveness, Perspicuity, Efficiency, Dependability, Stimulation, and Novelty). Total data collected amounted to 258. After analyzing the calculation results, the mean scores are obtained in the following order: Efficiency, Perspicuity, Stimulation, Attractiveness, Dependability, and Novelty. Then when compared with benchmark data the following sequence is obtained: Efficiency, Perspicuity, Stimulation, Attractiveness, Dependability, and Novelty. Overall the Go-Pay service is efficient and perspicuity, but the Go-Pay service needs to improve its novelty.


In developing countries, the informal sector plays a diverse role, from eradicating poverty to polluting the environment. Perhaps, due to inadequate awareness and scanty literature, the aspect remained ignored. This study was an attempt to determine the simultaneous relationship between environment, informal sector, and poverty. This study was based on panel data study of three countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. ARDL approach was used to measure the size of the informal sector economy of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The generalized momentum (GMM) method was applied to determine the environment's simultaneous effects, on poverty, and the informal sector economy. The outcomes unveiled that informal sector employment and poverty expedited the carbon dioxide emission in three countries such as India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Secondly, poverty and CO2 emissions had a positive association with the informal sector whereas thirdly, there was a negative impact of the informal sector economy and CO2 emissions on the poverty. This study urges to channelize the informal sector because it can contribute towards poverty reduction in a better way once its channelized and provision of adequate awareness among the people regarding judicious use of natural resources. For instance, climate smart agriculture, sustainable farming and Good Agricultural Practices have been implemented to curtail the CO 2 emissions from agriculture sector. The needs are to provoke other sectors as well followed by the initiation of legal restrictions on CO 2 emissions


The electronic states of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be tuned by varying the lateral size and edge structure, which further influence their optoelectronic properties and the applications. Herein, three kinds of GQDs with different lateral size are prepared by photon‐Fenton reaction and separated through gel column chromatography, and their effects on the photovoltaic performances of inverted organic solar cells based on the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/(6,6)‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blend films are studied systematically. In comparison with P3HT:PCBM cells, the power conversion efficiency of the P3HT:PCBM solar cells containing 0.8% of GQDs‐blue, GQDs‐green, and GQDs‐orange can be increased from 3.06% to 3.54%, 4.43%, and 3.73% with a short‐circuit current density of 10.3, 13.34, and 11.19 mA cm−2. It is illustrated also that the band structures (electronic energy states) tuned mainly by their lateral size of GQDs are the crucial factor to dominate their photovoltaic preferences as additives in conventional P3HT:PCBM solar cells.


The invention provides a sealing air supplying device for a compressor, an air-liquid separating system comprising the device, and a sealing method of the compressor. The sealing air is the same air as the inlet air in an inlet air source of the compressor. The supplying device comprises a sealing air storing tank which is communicated with a sealing air pipeline of the compressor through a first sealing air conveying pipeline; the sealing air provided by the supplying device is the same air as the inlet air of the compressor, so that the over-temperature and over-pressure phenomenon during starting the compressor can be effectively prevented; in addition, the air the same as the inlet air is used as the sealing air, so that mixed air formed by the sealed air and different inlet air cannot appear in the starting stage of the compressor, that exhausting the mixed air can be avoided, and as a result, the inlet air waste and environmental pollution can be prevented.


: Tactile stimulation for people in the later stages of dementia is known to be comforting. There are numerous ways of inducing this kind of stimulation. It is debated in literature whether the doll-therapy is in line with person-centered dementia care. In the described project, following the reflective transformative design process, a more dignified design for tactile stimulation is developed. Several iterations took place in close collaboration with a local care facility. Special attention was given to not only design the new object, but also to design an appropriate introduction strategy. Reflections on the process and the outcome are further described; identifying the value of adopting a beginners' mind and emerging in the context as a designer.


Designed a set of the network system of data information management in this paper It is this conception that base on Client/server to take synthesis layout and data information exchange manage. And it researched the interface LAN and WAIS. It also is dissertated as network structure and function of system and integrated array of system. Selection of these devices, colligation of wiring and configure of Software/Hardware also are expatiated. This system has best function and property such as the database management, data on the safe side, man-machine conversation interface and local keep secret. This development environment of system adopts popular structure of present computer applied management system, namely Client/Sever structure. It is mainly composed of database server and customer application program as well as network. Data information management system of police base on Client/Server mode overcomes above-mentioned shortcomings. In the heterogeneous distribution environment, this system achieves information col lector and integrated processing. And the network connection about general station and branch as well as different local police station is accomplished, so it meet the needs on the fastness and accuracy and safety of the data information management and data information transmission.


This paper investigated the challenges of Mathematics language on pupils' performance in mathematics at the primary school. This study adopted the survey design. The population of the study consisted of all the 1,165 public primary school in Delta State. The simple random technique was used to select twelve (12) public primary schools from Ughelli North and Warri South Local Government Area with a sample size of Two hundred (200) pupils. The researchers developed Questionnaires on Mathematics Objective Tests (QMOT) which consists of two (2) section: Section A sought for demographic on sex and locations of the pupils. While section B was the Questionnaire on Mathematics Objective Tests (QMOT) of ten (10) items as instrument of data collection. The two (2) research questions and hypotheses formulated were answered and tested using the mean and t-test at 5% level of significance. The major findings of this research is that pupils in urban and rural area in public primary schools have enormous difficulties in understanding Mathematics problems due to the Mathematics language that was used. And this led to a recommendation that Mathematics educators should develop a handbook on primary Mathematics language.


to be genuinely action-guiding. In order to make these principles operationalizable, we supplement them with a holistic moral methodology: Rawlsian reflective equilibrium. Crucially, within this methodology, intuitions are allowed to play a role, but only a controlled one: they are balanced against each other, and none of them is given absolute moral authority. The only authority they are provisionally granted, rests on their status as putative instances of sedimented inter-subjective justification. We conclude that proceeding by way of reflective equilibrium – thus giving intuitions a substantive, but controlled, justificatory role – allows us to develop genuinely actionguiding principles whilst approximating the ideal of inter-subjective justifiability and staying as clear as possible of dubious metaphysical assumptions. Our argument is structured as follows. In section I, we briefly describe the motivations behind the view we shall call moral intuitionism and outline two serious problems with it. In section II, we consider utilitarian approaches to morality understood as a possible escape route from the problems faced by intuitionism, and argue that utilitarianism can only deliver an action-guiding moral theory by either (1) relying on contentious metaphysical claims about human nature, or (2) admitting intuitions through the back door. In section III, we discuss a second escape route from the difficulties encountered by intuitionism: constructivist approaches to justification. Proponents of constructivism hold that moral principles are valid so long as they are proven to be inter-subjectively justifiable through a hypothetical consent test. We argue that, contrary to what some constructivists think, hypothetical consent can deliver substantive (as opposed to merely formal) normative principles only if it involves an engagement with moral intuitions. A viable intuition-free constructivism is simply not an option. Hence, we conclude our pars destruens by admitting that, while intuitions, taken by themselves, are not a firm foundation for a sound moral theory, their complete elimination from moral theorizing is simply impossible, as the analyses of both utilitarianism and (intuition-free) constructivism show. Finally, in section IV, we consider a third, in our view superior, alternative to utilitarianism and would-be intuitionless constructivism: a constructivist approach that relies on the holistic method of reflective equilibrium. We argue that reflective equilibrium can both overcome the problems affecting intuitionism without appealing to dubious metaphysical claims and reflect the uncertain epistemic status of intuitions as potential reflections of an independent moral reality. 2. Moral Intuitionism and Its Difficulties There seems to be no real disagreement about the claim that torturing babies for fun is wrong. And, the moral intuitionist claims, there is more to this consensus than it first appears. For not only do we agree that torturing babies for fun is wrong; we also subscribe to this claim in an unmediated way, without needing any further reflection. We think that torturing babies for fun is wrong, and we think that this belief needs no further justification; we regard it as a self-evident, obvious, and thereby intuitive, truth. Is it not ridiculous, if not offending, to claim that torturing babies for fun is wrong 3 For a more detailed account of our views on this issue, see Miriam Ronzoni and Laura Valentini, 'On the Meta-ethical Status of Constructivism: Reflections on G.A. Cohen's "Facts and Principles"', Politics, Philosophy & Economics 7 (2008): 403-422; Miriam Ronzoni, 'Constructivism and Practical Reason: On Intersubjectivity, Abstraction, and Judgment', The Journal of Moral Philosophy, 7 (2010): 74-104; Laura Valentini, 'On the Nature and Possibility of Political Normativity' (manuscript). Draft. Please do not quote or cite without permission. 3 because, on closer scrutiny, it might give pleasure to some but does not maximize overall utility? Or because abstract agents in the original position would adopt a principle that prohibits this practice? Isn't it simply self-evidently wrong? In fact, many would find it wrong to take this claim to be anything other than self-evident. This simple test – with this or other widely shared moral judgments – is often used by intuitionists to make a case for their approach to moral justification. Ultimately, they claim, moral theories must rely on self-evident moral intuitions. Albeit appealing, this method has two well-known and important limits. Firstly, intuitionism notoriously fails to provide a systematic account and ordering of moral principles. As Rawls construes it, intuitionism is characterized by two related beliefs: (1) that there exist irreducible first moral principles, whose truth is grasped by intuition, and which 'may conflict to give contrary directives in particular types of cases,' without this being a challenge to their truth or soundness; and (2) that there are no criteria, methods, or priority rules, to weigh these principles against one another in case of conflict – we simply have to resort to our considered judgments about what strikes us as right in these cases. Hence, Intuition plays a double role, in being the faculty through which we access first principles as well as the one through which we balance them. Not only do we only grasp normative principles by Intuition; the balancing itself among these potentially conflicting principles can only be performed through intuitive means. There is, in other words, 'no expressible ethical conception' underlying this balancing; no structured theory accounting for the way we use our considered judgments and how. Since, in Rawls's view, there is nothing intrinsically irrational about this way of proceeding, the only way to dispute it may well be to offer an alternative account, capable of delivering at least equally plausible prescriptions while giving us a story about how principles are ordered and/or balanced against each other. This is the task that Rawls sets himself. This assessment, however, may be more charitable than it needs be. Rawls argues that all we can do to dispute intuitionism is to come up with a better theory. This seems to be the appropriate attitude towards a theory that, all things considered, has no major independent methodological shortcomings. This is not, however, the case for intuitionism, which brings us to the second point. Intuitions have an unclear ontological and epistemological status. Are they a direct channel towards a mind-independent moral reality? But how can we prove that, and let alone show that such a moral reality exists in the first place? We simply lack an epistemological account telling us what moral intuitions are and how exactly sound moral intuitions 'come' to us. The most obvious way out of such an impasse is to declare sound moral intuitions as being self-evident. Without further argument, however, it is by no means clear that intuitions which strike us as self-evident are not in fact shaped by the institutions and social practices we live in, and potentially mirror their biases and taboos, rather than evident truths. Many critics of intuitionism – especially from the utilitarian camp – have contended that moral intuitions are nothing more than states of mind, which may well be shaped by our psychological dispositions and our historical prejudices rather than by a reliable cognitive faculty. Indeed, even in cases of wide consensus, utilitarians think that we should be cautious with immediate moral judgments, for they might replicate cultural 4 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 30-36. 5 Ibid., p. 30. 6 Ibid., p. 34. 7 Ibid., pp. 34-35. 8 Ibid., p. 35. 9 J.L. Mackie, Ethics: Inventing Rights and Wrong (London: Penguin, 1977). 10 Richard Brandt, A Theory of the Good and the Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979); Selim Berker, 'The Normative Insignificance of Neuroscience', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 37 (2009): 293-329. Draft. Please do not quote or cite without permission. 4 prejudices which ultimately hinder the pursuit of utility, rather than reliable sedimented knowledge on how to pursue it. Moreover, moral intuitionism is strongest when it comes to showing that, in the face of some 'obviously' wrong practices, we do not seem to need, or indeed even to want, an articulate justification for their wrongness. However, it seems plausible to think it is precisely when we move beyond these practices that moral philosophy starts. It is when we do not share the same fundamental intuitions, or the same view about how two or more widely held intuitions should be balanced against each other, that we need philosophical argument in order to support one moral view rather than another one. From the perspective of intuitionism, it is by no means clear what we should do when our moral judgments start to diverge – other than testing and trying to dissolve or reduce the disagreement through other intuitions and examples. Disagreement about moral intuitions is extremely problematic if we lack an account of when our moral judgments are to be trusted and why, let alone whether there is a moral reality out there that our intuitions grasp. Hence, if consensus may track shared prejudices rather than self-evidence, if intuitionism lacks satisfactory resources to deal with disagreement about intuitions themselves, and if no account for the nature and source of moral intuitions is provided, there may well be more 'irrationality' to intuitionism than Rawls charges it of. The only way would be to provide a full-blown epistemic story as to why certain individual moral judgments – whether self-evident or not – are right. And that is, as the history of moral philosophy shows, an extremely hard, if not chimerical, enterprise. Furthermore, even if successful, one such theory would not be grounded on the intuitive power of


Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) occurrence was analysed in 80 samples of milk and 21 samples of infant formulae on the Serbian market, using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. All milk samples collected in 2013 showed AFM1 contamination in the range 0.02–0.32 μg kg−1, with a mean level of 0.13 μg kg−1. The EU maximum level for AFM1 in milk (0.05 μg kg−1) was exceeded in 75% of the samples. In 2014, AFM1 was found in 83%, 70%, 80% and 58% of the samples collected in April, July, September and December, respectively, exceeding the limit in 5% of the samples taken in July. The additional number of liver cancer cases per year associated with exposure to AFM1 was estimated to be 0.004 in the adult population. Regarding infant formulae, AFM1 was found in only one sample.


In the analysis of a spectral mixture, the Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) method presents many errors because it is hard to adjust the endmembers in the image with the elements really in each pixel. A method proposed to eliminate that source of mistakes is the Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA), which defines through the root mean square the best association of spectral mixture that describes each pixel. A routine was developed in IDL, which accomplishes that comparison of the models of mixtures defined for each pixel the most appropriate. This method was tested in the Niquelândia (Brazil) mine and showed excellent results being in agreement with the field.


A molecular dyad that can photosensitize and visualize singlet oxygen ((1)O2) was developed. The dual photofunction enables ratiometric photoluminescence monitoring of the progress of (1)O2-induced cell death.


There is currently no treatment for Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the Icelandic mutation in the APP gene (A673T) has been shown to confer a protection against the onset and development of AD (Jonsson et al. Nature 2012). This single nucleotide mutation in APP exon 16 reduces the cleavage of the APP protein by the beta‐secretase by 40% thus preventing the development of AD even in persons more than 95 years old.


In this paper, first we study on Bour's theorem for four kinds of timelike helicoidal surfaces in 4-dimensional Minkowski space. Secondly, we analyse the geometric properties of these isometric surfaces having same Gauss map. Also, we present the parametrizations of such isometric pair of surfaces. Finally, we introduce some examples and draw the corresponding graphs by using Wolfram Mathematica 10.4.


The early development of the pinnately compound leaves in Murraya paniculata was studied using both epi-illumination and scanning electron microscopy as well as semithin plastic sectioning of the same specimens that were illustrated by means of epi-illumination. It is shown that morphological conclusions may be influenced by technical approaches such as the plane of sectioning. If the developing leaves are sectioned in the (median) sagittal plane, they appear to be rather different from stems and shoots. If, however, they are sectioned in the frontal plane, perpendicular to the sagittal plane, they appear more shoot-like in early development. Their apex could be described in terms of a tunica-corpus organization and the leaflet primordia are initiated like leaf primordia on a shoot tip with distichous phyllotaxy sensu lato. Subsequently, due to differential growth, reorientation of the leaflets occurs in one plane. Thus, the planar structure of the pinnate leaf is ontogenetically secondary. From a phyloge...


An adaptive ILC approach is presented for a linear MIMO discrete-time system to track different reference trajectory. The presented adaptive ILC is a data-driven approach in nature and the controller does not contain any modeling information of the plant. The unknown Markov parameter of the plant is iteratively estimated only using the I/O data of the plant. The rigorous analysis shows the asymptotic convergence of the presented method for iteration-varying reference trajectory.


Cancer is re-unowned by production of neoplastic cells. In cancer, un-developed cells are produced by bone marrow. After their entry into the blood normal cells are un-able to produce and cause anemia. Several oncogenes, including the p53, c-fms and Ras genes, can be activated by point mutations that change the amino acid sequence in the critical portion of protein. L-asparaginase is an enzyme which, by hydrolysis, produces aspartic acid and ammonia. It is used as medicine and in the food industry. It acts as a chemo-therapeutic agent to diagnose the ALL and lymphoproliferative syndrome. The level of Asparagine reduced in plasma decreases the formation of Deoxy ribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid. In ALL, asparaginase used in chemotherapy medicines for dealing the patients. it donates the important development in therapy results and helps achieve reform sullener approximately 90% of patients.


PurposeIn this article we aim to understand how the network formed by fitness tracking devices and associated apps as a subset of the broader health-related Internet of things is capable of spreading information.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a combination of a content analysis, network analysis, community detection and simulation. A sample of 922 health-related apps (including manufacturers' apps and developers) were collected through snowball sampling after an initial content analysis from a Google search for fitness tracking devices.FindingsThe network of fitness apps is disassortative with high-degree nodes connecting to low-degree nodes, follow a power-law degree distribution and present with low community structure. Information spreads faster through the network than an artificial small-world network and fastest when nodes with high degree centrality are the seeds.Practical implicationsThis capability to spread information holds implications for both intended and unintended data sharing.Originality/valueThe analysis confirms and supports evidence of widespread mobility of data between fitness and health apps that were initially reported in earlier work and in addition provides evidence for the dynamic diffusion capability of the network based on its structure. The structure of the network enables the duality of the purpose of data sharing.


AbstractThis paper presents a nonlinear inelastic solution for the length of the critical plastic region in the case of nonlinear moment profiles along RC bridge columns. A new analytical expressio...


Muon neutrino astronomy is drown within a polluted atmospheric neutrino noise: indeed recent ICECUBEneutrino records at (TeVs) couldn't find any muon neutrino point source [1] being blurred by such a noisy sky.However at 24 GeV energy atmospheric muon neutrinos, while rising vertically along the terrestrial diameter,should disappear (or be severely depleted) while converting into tau flavor: any rarest vertical E


Affected by geographic,geologic and morphologic factors,the banks of Heilongjiang and Wusulijiang Rivers have been suffering erosions from river water.Serious bank caving occurs along the rivers,and a large area of land was washed away.The reasons for the environmental hazards involve river and rainstorm erosions,freezing and melting,as well as human activities.This paper discusses the current situation,types,origins and developing trends of the bank caving,and then puts forwards countermeasures to prevent the geologic hazard by protecting natural vegetation,construction to conserve the banks and restoring grass and forests.


Introduction "Female bodybuilders look disgusting, she looks like a man." (Shilling & Bunsell, 2009) The above quote demonstrates the common reaction to imagery depicting the hypermesomorphic somatotype of the typical professional female bodybuilder. The sheer physical stature of such a woman elicits powerful reactions from those outside the bodybuilding subculture. Specifically, by developing the almost perfect androgynous body (Schulze, 1997), stigmatization, marginalization, and sexism are the repercussions for contravening gender physical norms (Felkar, 2012). For this reason, it may be difficult to understand why females commit to building highly muscled bodies in the face of Western culture's belief that muscularity is synonymous with masculinity (e.g., Helgeson, 1994). Although male bodybuilders typically display an exaggerated hyper-muscular somatotype that is often thought to represent a response to a crisis of masculinity (e.g., Cortese, 2007), they stay within their prescribed gender role and do not threaten the power structure of our patriarchal society. Conversely, female bodybuilders threaten the moral sensibilities of observers by stepping outside of this very power structure by abandoning the feminine physical ideology of Western culture. The salient mesomorphology does not fit into any previously defined category of woman and is argued to represent social resistance to the gendered norms of femininity (Scott, 2011). Consequently, negative commentary concerning female muscularity generally contains layers of meaning not found in expositions of muscular males (Felkar, 2012). Competitive bodybuilding is an activity where the goal is to increase the muscle mass (volume), symmetry (overall proportions), and definition (the degree to which each muscle of the body visually stands out), in order to attain success within a competitive field (Bjornestad, Oyvind, & Anderssen, 2013). During competitive events, bodybuilders are scrutinized by a judging panel to determine which physique best adheres to the pre-determined criteria defined by a governing body (Holm, 2000). The competitor who best meets these standards is declared the winner. Much debate and controversy surround competitive bodybuilding. First, this may be due to the fact that competitive bodybuilding is an aesthetic pursuit that relies on somatic form, opposed to any apparent display of functional ability. Second, despite today's fitness-oriented culture, a public disrespect hovers over the bodybuilding community, which may be a consequence of past and more recent work that describes a relationship between female bodybuilding and maladaptive behaviors, for instance, substance use, extreme exercise regimes, and disordered dietary practices (Pope, Katz, & Hudson, 1993; Scott, 2011). Physical appearance is a salient attribute upon which humans judge others (Freeman, 1988) and forms the basis for the cultural phenomena of stereotyping. Decades ago, it was noted by Goffman (1963) that possession of atypical physical attributes was the foundation for unfavorable reactions from others. According to Aoki (1996), despite carefully avoiding disparaging commentary of other minority groups, scholars have a tendency to uphold the culturally endorsed negative stereotype by assuming personality flaws in bodybuilders. For instance, Klein (1993) argues that the overdeveloped physique is synonymous with an underdeveloped 'psyche'. The literature on this topic frequently contains descriptions of female bodybuilding viewed through this pessimistic lens (see Roussel & Griffet, 2000). More recent research indicates that female bodybuilders are still assigned undesirable descriptive labels (Chananie-Hill, McGrath, & Stoll, 2012; Probert, Leberman, & Palmer, 2007). This further promotes an assumption that female bodybuilders represent a homogenous group with similar identities (Probert et al., 2007). A limited number of studies with a broader focus have briefly discussed the reasons why females participate in bodybuilding. …


The variable-pump controlling variable-motor(VPCVM) is an essential nonlinear system with dual-input,single-output and coupling,for which regular control algorithms are ineffective to achieve the required control perfor-mances.Based on linearization theory for VPCVM,we propose an improved Bang-Bang control algorithm for tackling the nonlinearity and the unsolvable coupling.First we develop a mathematical model of VPCVM involving the multipli-cation nonlinearity with the output variable;and then,we linearize the model by using the feedback linearization theory.Based on the linearized model,we develop the improved Bang-Bang control algorithm to achieve the rapid control for VPCVM.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm realizes the desired rapid control on VPCVM with performances higher than that of conventional control methods.Furthermore,this algorithm exhibits a strong robustness against the variations of rotational speed and load.


Reporting of medical adverse events is an important measure to prevent recurrence of adverse events and to improve the quality of medical care.Through starting with policies about medical adverse event reporting system,existing medical adverse event reporting system is summarized and analyzed,the characteristics and defects are summed up,and the prospect of improving the reporting system of adverse events is made.


Based on analyzing of nonlinear model for a single inverted pendulum,it uses computer simulation and real-time control,presents a control method about inverted pendulum with fuzzy controller.The results show that control process has the better dynamic performance and steady state performance,and the control program can achieve more satisfactory results.


OBJECTIVE The occurrence of infectious events was controlled by the synthetical and objective supervision of hospital infections. METHODS A total of 100 000 patients were supervised for hospital infections from 1991 to 2001. RESULTS The rate of infectious occurrence in the hospital and departments, the location of the infection, and the rate of failing to report were summarized and calculated. In a general hospital, the departments with higher infectious rate were: the hematological and oncological departments, the hyperbaric-oxygen department and geriatric department. The infectious rate of them was between 6.1% and 15.6%. In terms of the location of infection, the highest rate of infection occurred at three sites: lower respiratory tract (27.5-41.1%), urine tract (5.2-19.5%) and surgical wound (12.5-3.8%), except for upper respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS The factors maybe conducting the hospital infection were investigated, and the measures were taken to control the occurrence of infectious events. As a result, the infectious rate and the rate of failing to report infectious events declined to a different extent.


The dielectric degradation of 2.6–4.9-nm-thick SiO2 has been studied by analyzing stress-induced leakage current (SILC) and soft breakdown (SBD) current under gate and substrate injections. We found a critical oxide field for the transition from the SILC mode to the SBD mode, independent of oxide thicknesses and stress polarities. The SILC and the leakage current just after SBD can be simulated well using a dielectric degradation model where the conductive path is locally extended in SiO2 from the SiO2/Si interface and the current is limited by electron tunneling through remaining undegraded SiO2 on the top of the conductive path. From the temperature dependence of the transition from the SILC mode to the SBD mode, we also found that the activation energy of the transition changes at ∼150°C, which can be associated with the population of characteristic phonons in the Si–O–Si network, regardless of stress polarities.


This study aims to investigate how the visual appeal of a website design influences online users' immediate perceptions and their subsequent responses, especially engagement and intention to use websites. To test the durability of users' perceptions and responses, an experiment was conducted to examine the relationships between website visual appeal and user responses across different exposure times (1 second vs. no time constraint). The results suggest that website evaluations could be made quickly (within 1 second), and the relationships between web page components and user responses remain very consistent when users have no time constraint to evaluate the web page. In addition, the findings also suggest that the users spent significantly more time browsing website with a relatively high level of visual complexity. Moreover, data from heat maps indicate that, in general, online users are more interested in information presented in graphics, rather than text, format.


Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and microarchitecture derangement of bone structure, which enhances the risk of fracture. Although studies focuses in the loss of bone mass in the elderly ages, it is now clear that the bone formed during normal growing period (90% of bone mineralization occurs during the first two decades of life) is a determinant factor for the quality of the future mature bone. Appropriate physical activity that implies load, food intake, body mass index and hormonal balance, are all important factor in osteoporosis and fracture prevention. In childhood, osteoporosis is secondary to chronic diseases and iatrogenic factors. The most used quantification and assessment method is the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Treatment is based in bone remodeling inhibitor drugs associated with load implied physical activities. The aim of early diagnosis and treatment is to prevent disease complications and improve life quality in this specific pediatric population.


The amplification of video allows sub-pixel movement to be revealed. This has been applied to measure structural vibration using high speed video. A perspective correction has been defined to allow 2D modal analysis to be conducted on a flat plate showing that accurate displacement measurements across the surface can be made. Furthermore, the effect of using various excitation signals including white noise and swept sine has demonstrated that it is possible to extract several mode shapes in a single measurement. Finally, measurements have been conducted on a Dyson Airblade V hand-drier in operation showing that high speed video measurement of vibration can be applied to industrial noise control problems. The main advantage of this method is ease of testing compared to traditional single point accelerometers and measurement of time variant signals compared to a scanning laser vibrometer.


Suramadu bridge is the connection between Madura Island and Java Island. The main reason of developing the longest bridge in South-East Asia is to spread the development in Madura Island which during the time is still assumed very much behind and limited in the development expantion of Java Island. This research intended to analyse comprehensively the social and economic impact of development policy in Suramadu and the implementative policy which was formulated in the development of Suramadu. Result showed some conclusions as follow: 1) the development of Suramadu bridge gave the positive as well as negative impact for the society, even though enomically, Suramadu bridge has opened possibility the entering of investor in Madura Island; 2) The increasing of infestation value certainly will cause the quality increasing of supporting infra-structure which formerlly enters in the agenda of Suramadu Development Masteragenda. This research has also been success to reconstruct the policy in the policy model of Suramadu development. The theoritical implication of this result is policy model of physical infra-structure can map the function of policy subsystem dtrategy in using policy instruments for producing the agenda of sustainable infra-structure policy based on the local demand and potential resources. Model construction is built by looking human capital and social capital as the important pilar which is not allowed to forget in the development process and it is as an important input for the policy maker. In practice, the implication of this research is how to set the socialization of development policy can be carried out by the concept of scenario agendaning so that the whole involved actors knowing and understanding the steps of next development. In addition, the increasing of society capacity is important in accept the impact of socio-economical change from the development.


The chapter develops generic strategies for the specification and implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a multinational company. After the presentation of a framework for categorizing companies by their global business orientation, ERP strategies corresponding to each category are derived. Subsequently, various implementation strategies are developed for each type of ERP strategy; they provide decision makers with a high degree of freedom in specifying an implementation strategy in accordance with a company's strategic goals. The results are summarized in a phase model; the overall approach is illustrated by two polar cases. IntroductIon Market demands are becoming more and more dynamic, forcing organizations to be flexible in order to satisfy the needs of their customers (Mabert, Soni, & Venkataramanan, 2001). At the same time, organizations face an ever increasing competition through globalization. As a result of both phenomena, business organizations tend to act in networks of tightly or loosely coupled productive units. Bartlett and Ghoshal (1998) identify four different business orientations which can be used to describe the structures of multinational companies (MNCs). Starting from these four business orientations, this chapter presents a conceptual framework for deriving enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation strategies DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-531-3.ch003


We map the near-field distribution of a linearly-polarized light transmitting through a Nomarski prism. We show how translating the prism changes the near-field profile. This setup has potential applications in phase detection of molecular responses.


Moss‐inhabiting flea beetles form a very diverse and understudied ecological group of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) characterized by cryptic lifestyle, loss of flight ability and feeding on mosses as both adults and larvae. We present the first DNA‐based study of the phylogenetic position of moss‐inhabiting flea beetle genera Ivalia Jacoby and Cangshanaltica Konstantinov et al., based on sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. We confirm that both genera are members of the monophyletic Chabria group, along with Chabria Jacoby, Parathrylea Duvivier, Chabriosoma Chen and Sutrea Baly. Moss‐inhabiting species form at least three independent lineages within the Chabria group, indicating multiple parallel origin of the association with mosses within the clade. We reveal the monophyly of Cangshanaltica and confirm its separate generic status from Ivalia. Ivalia is revealed as polyphyletic, consisting of at least two unrelated moss‐inhabiting lineages. In contrast, the externally similar moss‐ and leaf‐litter inhabiting genera Mniophila Stephens, Adamastoraltica Biondi et al. and Clavicornaltica Scherer are not closely related to the Chabria group. Our study specifically focused on the moss‐inhabiting flea beetles of Taiwan. We reveal that the Taiwanese fauna is a result of four independent colonizations of the island: one from China (Cangshanaltica) and three from the Philippines (three lineages morphologically assigned to Ivalia). Two of these lineages (Cangshanaltica and the core Ivalia) radiated in Taiwan and gave rise to the majority of modern Taiwanese species. The evolutionary history of Cangshanaltica and its diversification in China are also discussed.


Adverse events such as medical errors, injuries, or equipment failures which could harm patients, caregivers, or other individuals or has the potential to harm them are known as medical incidents. Avoidance of unintended or unexpected harm to people during the provision of healthcare is mandatory. In healthcare settings incident reporting refers to collecting healthcare incident data with the aim of enhancing patient safety and quality of care. This review aims to discuss the practice, usefulness and drawbacks of Incident Reporting System (IRS) in healthcare systems. The history of adverse events assessment in hospital setup runs back till 1980s. Since then, many developed countries have put emphasis on the establishment of IRSs in their health systems. In 2005, the World Health Organization issued a guideline to be followed on the establishment of incident reporting systems in healthcare organizations. Benefits of incident reporting in healthcare systems include prevention of reoccurrences of adverse events, provision an updated knowledge and understanding about risk events, create lessons and promote safety-minded culture. It saves a considerable sum of money of the healthcare budget in the long run. Under-reporting is the main challenge in incident reporting. It is recommended to implement comprehensive IRSs in health services in all developing countries in order to drive good medical practice and to ensure the safety and quality of patient care.


Persistent spectral hole burning and continuous population oscillations are studied in an inhomogeneously broadened diamond-based spin ensemble composed of substitutional nitrogen and nitrogen-vacancy centres created through neutron irradiation and annealing. The burnt spectral features highlight a detuning-dependent homogeneous linewidth that is up to three orders of magnitude narrower than the inhomogeneous linewidth. Continuous population oscillations are observed to quickly decay beyond a pump and probe detuning of 5 Hz, and are numerically modelled using a five-level system of coupled rate equations. Fourier analysis of these oscillations highlight discrete $^{13}$C hyperfine interactions, with energies within the inhomogeneous ensemble linewidth, as well as suspected nuclear $3/2$-spin coupled signatures likely related to the $^7$Li byproduct of neutron irradiation.


The identification of loss‐of‐function mutations of the IL36RN gene encoding the interleukin‐36 receptor antagonist (IL‐36Ra) in generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) emphasized the key role of this pathway in skin innate immunity and systemic inflammation. It has been previously shown in vitro that removal of the N‐terminal amino acid IL36Ra (M1) is critical to its biological activity, but the in vivo contribution of this processing remains unknown. We report herein a new homozygous (c4G>T, pV2F) missense IL36RN mutation segregating in a family with three GPP‐affected patients. The V2F mutation does not alter IL‐36Ra protein expression but was devoid of any antagonist activity. Mass spectrometry showed that the V2F IL‐36Ra mutant retains its first N‐terminal methionine. These results provide the first in vivo demonstration that removal of N‐terminal methionine of native IL‐36Ra is a mandatory step to reach optimal antagonist activity and to prevent sustained skin and systemic inflammation in humans.


The Baylis-Hillman reaction is a successful, useful, and atom-economical carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, which has grown from an obscure level to the level of high synthetic popularity due to its operational simplicity and also due to the enormous applications of the Baylis-Hillman adducts in organic synthesis. In this tutorial review, we briefly describe the way this reaction has grown to its present heights and the opportunities, attractions, and challenges the reaction offers with respect to its asymmetric and intramolecular versions, and mechanistic aspects.


Two X-ray bright early type galaxies, selected for their unusually high X-ray to optical flux ratio, have been ob- served at high spatial resolution with the ROSAT HRI. Both sources are clearly extended (> 250 kpc in radius), thus ex- cluding a nuclear origin of the high X-ray emission. A small group of galaxies observed around IC 1262 could be the most natural explanation for the high X-ray luminosity observed. NGC 6159 could be similarly explained, although there are to date no spectroscopic confirmations of a group of galaxies as- sociated with it. The X-ray properties of these two sources are discussed in the context of the properties of groups of galaxies. A peculiar very bright feature, in the shape of an arc, is detected at the center of the IC 1262 image. This could be the signature of a recent merger, or of peculiar high velocities in the group.


The effects of base polymer and filler types like, NR, NR/SBR, NR/SBR/BR blends, Hind clay and SRF N770 fillers and their doses on rheometric and physical properties of a shoe sole compound are studied. In addition to hardness, other related important properties of the shoe sole like, tensile strength, modulus at 100 per cent strain, abrasion resistance, cut growth resistance up to 300 per cent, elongation at break are also measured for the vulcanizates. The curing characteristics of the vulcanizates are determined by using a Monsanto MDR 2000 rheometer. The economic validity of the different formulations is also evaluated.