The constantly arising solicitousness for the environmental impact and the potential limitation of petroleum and gas resources has focused the commercial interest on the development of industrially viable microbial strains with fine-tuned physiological capabilities. Synthetic biology, metabolic and protein engineering have become progressively important and valuable platforms in the development of microbial cellular networks for the generation of various pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food ingredients, and biofuels through the conversion of renewable resources. However, despite the comprehensive optimization of the biosynthetic pathways, the mass concentration and the low production rates represent the major obstacles in the exploration of new production hosts, the synthesis of novel enzymatic catalysts of natural and unnatural reactions, and the development of more effective tools for functional proteomics and genomics. Therefore, innovative synthetic biology research and diversified genome engineering approaches are anticipated to play the principal role in the achievement of engineered microbes with robust phenotypes, higher yields, and productivity. Herein, we thoroughly present the nascent technologies in the advancement of bio-engineered microbial cell factories for the optimized synthesis of biotechnologically valuable products.


Using an Inquiry-Based Teaching Intervention to Investigate Its Effects On Attitudes and Achievements in a Form 4 Chemistry Class: A Case


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: multi-carrier broadband wireless transmission can be supported by providing identification information which identifies a group of carrier frequencies chosen by a given transmission receiver to use during transmission. The modulation and coding scheme for use during transmission at the chosen group of carrier frequencies is chosen based on transmission quality information which indicates transmission quality associated with transmission of the chosen group of carrier frequencies. Transmission of the chosen group of carrier frequencies takes place in accordance with the chosen modulation and coding scheme. EFFECT: adaptation to sizes of transmitted data blocks. 14 cl, 6 dwg


Channel width dependence of the hot-carrier in- duced degradation in pMOSFET's with shallow trench isolation structure is investigated. Enhanced degradation is observed in narrow channel width device. The narrow width device shows large electron trapping efficiency of the gate oxide film though the gate current is smaller than the wide width device. Mechanical stress caused by shallow trench isolation may be responsible for this phenomenon.


Although polyolefins are used extensively in the plastics industry, these polymers have found restricted use in electrospinning due to the limited number of solvents which provide reasonable solubility and dielectric constant. We have successfully prepared polyolefin fibrous membranes via electrospinning from multicomponent solvent systems. Fibers spun using a PB/PMP blend have a twisted-ribbon structure with irregular twisting points along the length of the fibers. The crystallization behavior was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the crystallization of poly(1-butene) (PB) was strongly affected by the addition of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) to the blend. In pure PB fibrous membranes, a mixture of forms I and II were obtained, and the thermodynamically metastable form II gradually transformed into form I with aging at room temperature. However, this transformation did not occur in the PB/PMP bl...


Work study is most effective tool for any enterprise to determine standard time and increase the productivity. This method is useful for simplify the operation and reduction of operation whenever possible. Automation is suitable for mass production but medium size enterprise it is not preferable. So Time and motion study technique is useful for investigation of the process. And by this method we can categorize needless activity and decrease them. This method leads to modify in process layout for effective utilization of machinery and manpower for improving productivity.


Objective measurement of nutritive sucking could improve outcomes for preterm and sick term infants experiencing difficulty with oral feeding. Using a matched case series design, an oral feeding quality improvement project was initiated in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Participants included a heterogenous group of infants matched for gestational age, diagnoses and comorbidities. Infants in the control group received standard of care for oral feeding transition and infants in the experimental group received standard of care plus nfant ® Feeding Solution; a technology that captured and displayed the sucking signal in real-time. Infants in the experimental group achieved full oral feeding 1-week sooner, had an overall feeding stay of 11 days shorter and were discharged 3 days earlier, compared to matched controls. Biofeedback of the infant sucking signal may moderate variability in feeding care practice, lessening the time to full oral feeding and reducing length of stay


The Attributional Style Questionnaire of University Students consisted of 16 adjectives that measured- Reliability coefficients (Cronbach s a )for the subscales ranged from 0. 533 to 0. 744, the split-half reliability of the questionnaire is 0. 549. Its validity was examined by principal comparison analysis and congruent validity. The results showed that ASQU had a good reliability and validity up to psychometric properties, and could be used to asssess the attributional style of university students.


The heat capacity difference (ΔCP) associated with thermal transitions of nucleic acids is often assumed to be zero. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, we found that the sedimentation coefficients of G‐quadruplex DNAs have minimum values near 12°C while that of a representative single‐stranded DNA increases monotonically with temperature. The minimum in S20, w observed with G‐quadruplex indicates that at lower temperatures, G‐quadruplexes are less compact than they are at ∼12°C. We interpret this as evidence of cold denaturation. In protein systems, cold denaturation is a characteristic of unfolding transitions with ΔCP > 0; the contrasting behaviors of quadruplex and single‐stranded DNAs suggests that the magnitude and possibly the sign of ΔCP may depend on the secondary structure of the "folded" state.


Failure can occur in many distinctly different ways depending on the material, stress and strain fields, temperature field, environmental effects, strain rate, etc. The proposed research program will focus on a single well defined class of failure modes common to many structures and machine elements. This class of problems is characterized by a gradually evolving microscale process which at a certain point triggers a discontinuous or singular (qualitative) change of macroscale response. Consideration of critical states of cooperative processes requires radical departure from the well traveled paths. Recently developing methods of statistical physics seem to be applicable to the class of problems under consideration. These models are generally formulated as discrete enabling consideration of spatial-temporal complexities as they raise from the microstructural disorder. However, in many cases these models in the limit do not converge to the traditional continuum theories.


This annotated bibliography contains journal articles, reports and online resources relating to the contemporary state-of-play of interdisciplinary research within the social sciences, with an emphasis upon the United Kingdom. It forms the initial part of a scoping study conducted by the NCRM hub between October 2008 and March 2009.


Abstract Utilizing the design technique of "parallel distributed compensation" (PDC), model-based fuzzy controllers are designed for both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamic fuzzy models. The stability analysis for this class of dynamic fuzzy models is studied in this paper. New stability conditions for this class of dynamic fuzzy models are presented respectively. On comparison with the existing research, the results derived are of less conservative and easy to use relatively, which is test by numerical examples.


We present a mathematical model of left heart governed by the partial differential equations. This heart is coupled with a lumped model of the whole circulatory system governed by the ordinary differential equations. The immersed boundary method is used to investigate the intracardiac blood flow and the cardiac valve motions of the normal circulation in humans. We investigate the intraventricular velocity field and the velocity curves over the mitral ring and across outflow tract. The pressure and flow are also measured in the left and right heart and the systemic and pulmonary arteries. The simulation results are comparable to the existing measurements.


Soybean, azuki-bean and mungbean were cultivated at different growing conditions, May 10, June 9, July 9 seeding, and May 10 seeding-short day treatment, to investigate the distribution of flowering date and the variation of pod/flower ratio. The growth habit type of the soybean variety used was determinate, but the azuki-bean and mungbean varieties used showed indeterminate growth habit. The pod/flower ratio ranged 38 to 48% for soybean, 23 to 34% for azuki-bean and 46 to 60% for mungbean along with growing conditions. Flower abscission for soybean and mungbean, and pod abscission for azuki-bean affected more on the number of matured pods. Soybean showed once full blooming period, but azuki-bean and mungbean showed two or three times full blooming period except July 9 seeding plot through the whole growing period. Flowers bloomed just after every full blooming period showed lower value of pod/flower ratio and higher pod/flower ratio was obtained from flowers bloomed before or far after full blooming at plots seeded May 10 and June 9 in three pulse crops. Most full blooming period of soybean coincided within 5 days near the terminal leaf appearance date, and number of flowers bloomed before terminal leaf expansion and matured pods from these flowers were major in every soybean plant at all growing codition plots. No relations were found between terminal leaf appearance and flowering or pod setting patterns of azuki-bean and mungbean.


Studies of the policy process in Australia have focused on particular institutions or decisions rather than on its overarching properties. One such property is the vertical and horizontal 'axes' of policy-making. The former comprises hierarchical relationships whereas the latter comprise relationships of bargaining, negotiation and persuasion. Vertical axes enable governments to take and enforce technically rational decisions in pursuit of consistent goals whereas horizontal axes permit governments to make broadly-based decisions that have group assent and electoral support. Vertical axes have strengthened in recent years and have brought increased technical rationality and consistency. This has come at a cost of limiting of the scope of political debate and a loss of electoral support for government though.


GENES AND DISEASEResearchers have found that a common variation of an immune system gene may offer some protection against variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease--the fatal neurodegenerative disease linked to eating cattle infected with "mad cow disease." The new finding--the second genetic factor discovered so far that influences susceptibility to the disease--may help to identify high-risk individuals and provide some clues to the modus operandi of this mysterious, incurable malady.


The pedagogic rationale for welcoming literature in multiple learning settings lies in the claim that it is conducive to language learning. Language and literature are mutually supporting experiences. In fact, suf- ficiently sophisticated grasp of language is witnessed when literature is introduced in language study. Literature is an input-rich source for coming to good terms with knowledge of language structures, read- ing proficiency, enriched vocabulary, improving skill in the target language, thinking skills, and cultural awareness. To put the matter at its most basic, language learners can accrue quite tangible benefits from exposure to literature. The core premise of using literature is that it provides clear advantages for learners to perceive the characteristics of target structures in contexts. Both preliminary and final survey question- naires included the same questions for revealing learners ' experiences in relation to literature and its potential contributions to language development. Initial and final responses of the pre-service teachers were compared to each other to determine whether the study of literary texts provided them an occasion to make noticeable gains regarding language proficiency development. A large majority of the survey par- ticipants indicated vested interest in the inclusion of literature in language teaching owing to its effectiveness as a valuable tool on augmentation of language learning.


In this study, HNIW/FOX-7 based PBX modeling powders and PBX columns were treated by LT (low temperature), HT (high temperature), HLC (high-low temperature cycle) and HLS (high-low temperature shock) to study temperature environmental adaptability of HNIW/FOX-7 based PBXs. Then SEM, IR, XRD and DSC were used to study the variation of PBX modeling powders after LT, HT, HLC and HLS treatments; in addition, the mass, size and mechanical properties of PBX columns were characterized after different temperature adaptability treatments as well. The results indicate that the change ratios of mass and size of HNIW/FOX-7 based PBX columns are less than 1%, illustrating that mass and size of PBX columns are at acceptable level after different temperature adaptability treatments. The unevenness degree of the surface of PBX modeling powders followed the order of HLC>HT>LT>HLS, which agrees well with mass loss order. Moreover, IR and XRD results indicated that the molecular structure and crystal form of HNIW and FOX-7 did not change after different temperature adaptability treatments. Additionally, thermal stabilities of PBX modeling powders are decreased after different temperature adaptability treatments, among which HLS has the largest influence on HNIW/FOX-based PBX modeling powders. The compression strengths and elastic moduli of HNIW/FOX-based PBX columns are enhanced after different temperature adaptability treatments, among which the strength of PBX columns after HLC has the maximum increase, indicating that HLC has more significant effect on mechanical property.


This paper proposes the high performance speed control of induction motor(IM) using hybrid proportional integral fuzzy logic control(HPIFC).The PI controller is widely used in industrial field due to exactly relation between parameter and response. Also, a fuzzy control is used to parts that need a robustness control. However, a PI controller has problem that decreases performance for parameter changing and disturbance, and a fuzzy control has cumulative error by integral calculus. Therefore, this paper proposes HPIFC that is consisted of PI and fuzzy logic controller. The PI controller in the HPIFC is compensated output of fuzzy logic control. This paper is compared with performance of HPIFC controller and conventional fuzzy control for command speed and load torque changing. Hereby, a validity of this paper can be proving.


lived previous to the time of Harvey, were of opinion that dust, decomposed flesh, and other dead substances might, under the influence of heat, air, and water, give rise to living beings independently of parents. This mysterious process, by a singular perversion of language, has been called spontaneous generation. We all know the story of the shepherd recounted by Virgil, who thought he saw bees spring up in the dead body of an ox, which was implicitly believed by Pliny; and we have read accounts of rats and frogs which were supposed to be engendered by the fruitful


This project of reading animation is focused on the development of emotions in children of initial level. II of Qualitative Methodology that is based on a descriptive and investigative approach with several theoretical foundations that analyze the processes and the difficulties they have in the lack of habit. To reading in the initial stage. Two tools were used to collect informed information; Interviews were carried out with children writers who could carry out an enriching research, also in this research process that the technical files that help to collect important information in each topic to investigate. Finally, it was possible to identify the content of the fairy tale in the process of encouraging children to read at Initial Level II, highlighting the development of the emotional area at this stage through stories as the main foundation.


The high-spin complex [FeII(2,2′-bi-2-imidazoline)3]2+ reacts with dioxygen in aprotic media to form water and an iron(III) complex in which one ligand molecule is mono-deprotonated; a mechanism involving proton transfer from the ligand to the partially reduced co-ordinated dioxygen is suggested.


A dual tunneling unit scanning tunneling microscopc(DTU-STM) is developed for nano-metrology.This article describes the measurement concept and the instrument of the DTU-STM.The crystalline lattice images were scanned by the DTU-STM to check the feasibility of nano-metrology.One metrological result of test sample image was provided.


The multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging data were used to construct rest functional networks,then,the network properties and the gray matter volume of atrophy gray matter in structures images were extracted as the classification feature to train the SVM classifier.Experimental results show that the combination of structural and functional characteristics can differentiate MCI and normal control(accuracy of 91.7%),AD and normal controls(accuracy of 100%),AD and MCI(accuracy of 87.8%),thus effectively improving the classification accuracy rate of two types of diseases.It shows that the classification model described in this paper is an effective diagnosis model.


Comparative description of methods of management of state enterprises was done in the article. Offered and the used measures for the increase of effectiveness of management methods.


An experiment has revealed that if the antecedent of a conditional sentence is de-nied, then most participants conclude that the negation of the consequent holds. However, a significant number of participants answered nothing follows if the antecedent of the conditional sentence was non-necessary. The Weak Completion Semantics cor-rectly models the answers of the majority, but cannot explain the number of nothing follows answers. In this paper we extend the Weak Completion Semantics by counterexamples. The extension allows to explain the experimental findings.


Policing management is a normal, regular and standard activity to manage the police affairs in accordance with the police regulations. Policing management in police academy which set up regular order of work, study and life by the efforts of students management staff is a necessary road to educate high quality personnel of the police. the following points have to be achieved: being aware of the part which students management staff play; normalizing the contents of work; strengthening the education and selection of the staff.


The experimental reverse transcriptase inhibitor FddA (lodenosine) has shown promise in early studies. The drug was originally developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and appears to have little in vitro cross-resistance with other drugs in its class, including AZT (Retrovir), ddI (Videx), and d4T (Zerit). Drug trials are in the early stages, and there is limited data on the drug to date. The NCI is planning a Phase I/II trial. U.S. Bioscience is planning a Phase II trial to study FddA in combination with a protease inhibitor plus a nucleoside analog in treatment-naive patients. Contact information is provided.


Objective: We examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder among a sample of outpatients who were being initially evaluated by a pain management specialist. Method: Using two self-report measures for borderline personality disorder, the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), we explored prevalence rates of this Axis II disorder in a sample of 117 participants. Results: According to the PDQ-4 and the SHI, 9.4% and 14.5% of participants, respectively, met the criteria for borderline personality, with 6.8% meeting criteria on both measures. Conclusions: In this insured population of pain patients, rates of borderline personality, as determined by both measures, were comparable to rates of borderline personality in the general population.


In this paper we introduce and study the concept of optimal and surely optimal dual martingales in the context of dual valuation of Bermudan options. We provide a theorem which give conditions for a martingale to be surely optimal, and a stability theorem concerning martingales which are near to be surely optimal in a sense. Guided by these theorems we develop a regression based backward construction of such a martingale in a Wiener environment. In turn this martingale may be utilized for computing upper bounds by non-nested Monte Carlo. As a by-product, the algorithm also provides approximations to continuation values of the product, which in turn determine a stopping policy. Hence, we obtain lower bounds at the same time. The proposed algorithm is pure dual in the sense that it doesn't require an (input) approximation to the Snell envelope, is quite easy to implement, and in a numerical study we show that, regarding the computed upper bounds, it is comparable with the method of Belomestny, et. al. (2009).


Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have better performance in feature extraction and classification. Most of the applications are based on a traditional structure of CNNs. However, due to the fixed structure, it may not be effective for large dataset which will spend much time for training. So, we use a new algorithm to optimize CNNs, called directly connected convolutional neural networks (DCCNNs). In DCCNNs, the down-sampling layer can directly connect the output layer with three-dimensional matrix operation, without full connection (i.e., matrix vectorization). Thus, DCCNNs have less weights and neurons than CNNs. We conduct the comparison experiments on five image databases: MNIST, COIL-20, AR, Extended Yale B, and ORL. The experiments show that the model has better recognition accuracy and faster convergence than CNNs. Furthermore, two applications (i.e., water quality evaluation and image classification) following the proposed concepts further confirm the generality and capability of DCCNNs.


Twenty‐one patients (mean age 47.5 years, 9 females) with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) diagnosed by both two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) and live/real time three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) were included in the study. Left ventricular (LV) mass was calculated with epicardial and endocardial border tracings first including the LV trabeculations and then excluding them. LV trabecular mass was then derived as the difference between the two measurements. This was done by 2DTTE using the modified biplane Simpson's method and by live/real time 3DTTE using the Tom Tec imaging system. The number of trabeculations arising from each segment of LV walls as well as the segmental distribution of trabeculations were also assessed by both 2DTTE and 3DTTE. The calculated LV trabecular mass by 3DTTE (mean 11.8 ± 5.5 g) was significantly greater than 2DTTE (mean 7.3 ± 4.3 g, P = 0.005). The total number of trabeculations assessed by 3DTTE (mean 11.2 ± 3.3) was also significantly greater than 2DTTE (mean 3.76 ± 1.2, P < 0.0001). The values for inter‐ and intraobserver variability were lower for 3DTTE than 2DTTE. In conclusion, both LV trabecular mass as well as the total number of trabeculations in patients with LVNC were significantly underestimated by 2DTTE as compared to 3DTTE.


Methods of calculating the unit with Teflon tape and blocks the infrared emitters with functional keramichsekoy shell for drying wheat germ are developed.


Using basic number processing tasks in determining students with mathematics disorder risk Objective: This study investigated whether it was possible to determine the risk of having mathematics disorder with a simple screening tool containing four types of basic number processing tasks. Method: Mathematics Achievement Tests (MAT) and Basic Number Processing Tests (BNPT) were administered to a total of 487 students from first through fourth grade of 12 different elementary schools in Ankara, Turkey. Students with a general learning disorder, mainstreamed students, and students with diagnosis of attention deficit were excluded from the study. Random dot enumeration, canonic dot enumeration, symbolic number comparison and mental number line estimation tasks were used in Basic Number Processing Tests. Based on Mathematics Achievement Test scores, students were grouped into mathematics disorder risk, low achievement, and typical achievement. Students' Basic Number Processing Tests scores were analyzed one by one in comparison to grade level averages. Results: Based on these comparisons we found that in all four grade levels, students with mathematics disorder risk got scores lower than grade level mean at least in one Basic Number Processing Test. Conclusion: These results showed that the developed screening tool has a potential in effectively determining students with mathematics disorder risks. The tool might also be helpful in early diagnosis and intervention of students with mathematics disorder risk.


In this paper we study the problem of distributed estimation of a random vector in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with non-linear observation model. Sensors transmit their binary modulated quantized observations over orthogonal erroneous wireless channels (subject to fading and noise) to a fusion center, which is tasked with estimating the unknown vector. We derive the Bayesian Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) matrix and study the behavior of its trace (through analysis and simulations), with respect to the observation and communication channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The derived CRB serves as a benchmark for performance comparison of different Bayesian estimators, including linear MMSE estimator.


Abstract During July – September 2008 pollution controls in China associated with the Beijing Olympics led to emissions reductions of up to 43%, as observed by NASA satellite instruments. Pollution from China has an impact on air quality throughout East Asia. In this poster, we examine the impact of China's pollution on Japan through the use of Aura satellite data (2005 – 2009), ozonesonde data (2000 – 2009), and data from air quality surface monitors (2000 – 2009). We also examine the year-to-year variability in meteorological flow regimes through trajectory model simulations of transport to Japan from the areas around Beijing and Shanghai, China and around Seoul, South Korea in order to apportion remote sources of pollution. Data link the 6 August 2008 pollution event in Hokkaido to the Beijing region. We also find impacts of air from China on mean August ozone concentrations in Hokkaido and Kyushu, and significant trends in July – September tropospheric ozone profiles since 2000, particularly between 5 – 10 km, using the Sapporo ozonesonde data set from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, 2000 – 2009) and the our ozonesondes launched from Hokkaido University (2008 – 2009).


Expulsion of toxins from distillery spent wash (DSW) was applied by utilizing a blend of matched aluminum and iron electrodes in a clump method of activity utilizing electrochemical procedure. The refinery spent wash was described diagnostically utilizing standard strategy for examination and the treatment results were dissected as far as COD and Colour. The examinations were directed to consider the impact of working boundaries, for example, voltage, separation between the electrodes and electrolysis time and were optimized by utilizing Taguchi and ANOVA technique. pH and stirring speed were kept constant as 7 and 500 rpm. The most extreme expulsion efficiencies of COD and Colour were monitored by considering total of 16 experiments each with three trials. The Taguchi method led to COD of 95% and color removal of 94%, optimized with Al-Al electrodes at the voltage of 25V, distance of electrodes 2 cm and the electrolysis time of 150 minutes. The most extreme COD and Colour removal efficiencies found to be 92% and 89% from Fe-Fe electrodes at the indistinguishable working conditions. In any case, the aluminum electrodes seen progressively appropriate for the deprivation of DSW when contrasted with iron electrodes.


Observatory monthly means provide an excellent opportunity to study the temporal changes of the geomagnetic field at a given location. Unfortunately, determination of the global pattern of changes using observatory data is hampered by their uneven distribution. Satellite data provide excellent global coverage, but the spacecraft movement makes direct comparisons of satellite and observatory data difficult. To investigate short‐period secular variation in observatory and satellite data, we developed an approach to extract satellite monthly means for "virtual observatories" at 400 km altitude, using CHAMP magnetic measurements. Comparison of these virtual observatory monthly means with the corresponding ground values shows a remarkably well‐correlated signal at time‐scales of months to years, which is beyond the temporal resolution limit of recent global models. Here, we describe this newly developed approach, its validation, and discuss how it can be used to understand short‐period changes of the recent geomagnetic field.


In a survey conducted on a representative random sample of the Turkish adult population comprising 3689 persons 20 years of age or older residing in S9 communities, the blood pressure was twice measured at an interval of 3 minutes, and the mean value was taken into account Following mean values were obtained when standardized for age range 3S-64 with WHO criteria: 12S/80 mmHg in men, 133/82 in women. Hypertension was defined as a mean reading of ;-::160 mmHg systolic and/or ;-::90 mmHg diastolic or a pressure controlled by drug treatment Eleven % of adult men and 16.S % of women were hypertensive, this prevalence rose to 26 % and 40 %, respectively, in men and women aged SO or older.


In this paper, a novel neural-net (NN) based control methodology is developed for the motion control of mobile manipulators subject to kinematic constraints. The dynamics of the mobile manipulator is assumed to be unknown and is to be identified by the NN online estimators. No preliminary learning stage of NN weight matrices is required. The controller is capable of disturbance-rejection in the presence of unknown bounded disturbances. Closed-loop stability of the control system and convergence of the NN learning processes are both guaranteed. Experimental tests on a two-DOE manipulator arm illustrate that the proposed control is significantly better than conventional robust control.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary calcium supplementation and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing female rats. The exercise and control group were fed a diet containing 0.5% calcium and Ca supplementation group were fed a diet containing 1.0% calcium diet. The exercise group rat on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30 min) three days per week during the 3-week study period. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of spine and femur were detemined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The exercise group had significantly greater(6.25%) spine BMD compared to the nonexercise group and the exercise group had but not significantly greater spine BMC(7.1%) compared to nonexercisers. Femur BMD and BMC divided by the final body weight appears to have a higher BMD(7.5%) and BMC(4.5%) in the exercise group, which indicates that ecercise had a positive influence on femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content. The supplementation of calcium did not significantly affect spine and femoral BMC and BMD for the 3 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that when calcium intake meets the recommended, exercise is beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing female rats. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 195~201, 2002)


Ungulates, invasive plants, climate variability, and other stressors are acting together to compound the challenges facing forest managers tasked with regenerating forests following stand-initiation disturbances, e.g., harvest or catastrophic mortality. The range expansion of large ungulates, primarily white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and their browse impacts across the Midwest and Northeast have affected many aspects of the forest ecosystem (McWilliams and others 2018). This makes it nearly impossible to regenerate species that require advance regeneration and interferes with forest development in early stages of succession.


This article gives a new method to identify the frequency of Forced Oscillation (FO) in phasor measurement units (PMUs) signals. The processing of the signal by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique leads to effective detection with improvement in accuracy. After testing some improved versions of EMD, it is observed that 'improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN-2014)' is the best version to use in processing. The developed methodology is able to spot the frequency of FOs even if there exist multiple modes with mode mixing and multiple events. In such cases, self-coherence method fails to spot FO. Spectral analysis is conducted on the decomposed Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) in order to determine the frequency of FO. The analysis with proposed methodology is done on simulated signal as well as on real-time PMUs signal taken from North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI).


As a developing nation of energy-starved people, Iran importune needs new sources of affordable, clean energy. Wind energy is potentially memorable because of its low environmental impact and sustainability. This work aims to investigate the wind power production potential of sites in west of Iran. Wind speed data measured over a tree-year period at a typical site on the west of Iran are presented. Frequency distributions of wind speed and wind power densities at five heights, monthly variations of speed, and estimates of power likely to be produced by Enecron turbine are included. The site investigated is found to be a class 6 wind power site with annual average wind speed of 6.89 m/s and power density of 745 w/m 2 at 50 m height. The site is, therefore, likely to be suitable for wind farms.


When designing the nuclear related reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to an aircraft impact, it is important to reliably evaluate the inelastic behavior of RC panels, taking into account the deformation rate of RC members. The objectives of the present study are to experimentally investigate the inelastic behavior of RC panels under high-speed loading using 1/6 scale specimens, focusing on the effects of rebar ratio and the applicability of rebar lap splices. This study consists of two parts; Part 1 describes the detailed test conditions, the results of static and high-speed loading tests of reference specimens with a typical reinforcement ratio and no lap splices as is normal in practice. It also presents the results of finite element (FE) simulation analyses. Part 2 presents the results of high-speed and static loading tests on panel specimens with reduced rebar ratio and with lap splices, and evaluates those effects on the inelastic behavior of RC panels. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 32, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509


This special issue of Industry and Higher Education is devoted to a selection of papers from the Fifth International Conference on 'New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education' (NHIBE 2007) held on the island of Rhodes, Greece, in August 2007. In this introductory paper the author provides an overview of the conference, summarizes the most important presentations and offers his reflections on the conference outcomes. The key objective of NHIBE 2007 was to identify the impact of new technologies on education, business and industry. The major topics were: educational strategies; career counselling; new educational methods; industry and education; entrepreneurship; corporate finance and governance; and business strategies. Special attention was drawn to the innovative approaches and experiences developed in education in an effort to adapt teaching methods to the new technological era. Furthermore, business strategies and worldwide educational strategies were emphasized.


This study aims to analyze the factors that affect housing loans as seen from four banking groups, the State Bank, Regional Government Banks, Private National Banks, and Foreign Banks and Joint Banks. This study uses quarterly panel data from 2012: 1-2016: 1. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis panel data. Houses are an important requirement for all humanity, not only as consumer goods but also investment goods. Banking helps prospective customers by providing a credit facility called Housing Loans. Based on the results of the panel data analysis shows that the level of loans and income per capita have a significant effect on housing loans, while loan to value does not significantly influence housing loans.


Postmodernism emphasizes perspectivism, celebrates indeterminacy, and abjures the authoritative voice. Understanding is to be gained dialogically and achieved through participation and performance, activities often synonymous with anthropological fieldwork. However, fieldwork entails the recovery of unintended as well as intended meanings which are, in turn, invariably situated in a hermeneutical hierarchy. This paper points up the inevitability of constructing such a hierarchy by addressing the problem of voice and meaning in the electronically mediated communication that is Ewok speech. Ewoks are fantasy creatures whose heroic manoeuvres figure significantly in the film Return of the Jedi and who are accidental speakers of Tibetan.


It introduces B/S mode based on web and the related technology, provides the design method of Electronic Technology Teaching System. Also, it gives the method on processing many electronic circuit diagrams and the key technology. At last, it points out that using the system may improve the teaching method, also, improve students interest in studying, it is a kind of revolution on modern education.


An attempt has been made to use the halo portion of the x‐ray diffraction pattern of whole coals to characterize the constitution oc coals. After the mineral peaks and background portion of the x‐ray pattern were subtracted from the patterns of coals of known properties, the Fourier transforms of the halos were calculated. The position of the transform peaks and the area under the transform peaks were correlated with known properties of the coals, such as % vitrinite, % mineral, % volatiles, Rank, BTU, % fixed‐carbon. In general, it was found that the position of the Fourier transform peaks did not correlate with the characterization properties. However, the area under the Fourier peaks did give good correlations for some of the properties. These results will be given and discussed.


The present dissertation investigates literary translation from a cultural perspective by comparing the translation of culture-specific words and concepts in five different translations of the nove ...


AbstractThe following sections are included:Switching to a Strategy of Establishing Urban StoresStore-Specific Tweets on the Receipt of New Shipments of Goods in Short SupplyUsing Twitter to Announce Special Limited-Time Sales not Mentioned in FlyersNotesBibliography


Abstract In the last decade, many state and local governments, recognizing that significant amounts of their farmland were being converted to non-farm uses, have initiated programs that sought, in one way or another, to slow the pace of conversion. This article will review, in a general way, the actions that these governments have taken. The authors, together with J. Dixon Esseks, William Toner, and Lisa Rosenburger, have prepared a comprehensive study of these programs, The Protection of Farmland: A Reference Guidebook for State and Local Governments (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981), to which the reader is referred for a more complete discussion.1 The Guidebook was part of the work of the National Agricultural Lands Study (NALS), an intensive 18-month analysis of the problem of farmland conversion, cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Council on Environmental Quality, and eight other federal agencies. In addition to the Guidebook, NALS has published a final repo...


A gravity survey was made over the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, during the summers of 1959 and 1960. The data were reduced to sea level and expressed as simple Bouguer gravity anomalies for an assumed density of 2.67 g/cm3. Three elongated, northwest-trending, en echelon gravity highs were defined by the survey. The largest high is about 150 km long and 40 km wide; its maximum amplitude is 70 mgal. Application of limiting-depth methods implies that the tops of the disturbing bodies can be no deeper than 5 km below sea level. Two-dimensional analyses, based on a density contrast of 0.3 g/cm3, indicate that the anomaly-causing bodies extend from near sea level to at least 6 km below sea level and possibly to as much as 18 km below sea level. The total mass excess of the disturbing bodies is estimated to be 1×1019 g, and the corresponding volume for material 0.3 g/cm3 more dense than the surrounding material is approximately 33,000 km3. If the highlands on either side of the plain are regionally compensated, the crust under the plain is probably undercompensated by an amount proportional to the local anomalous bodies.


Business games play an important role in the transmission of these concepts to the future manager, as they promote experiential learning (Sauaia, 1997:14). It is important to stress that the Games are based on models and as such are simplifications of the complex rules of the real market. In them, a high level of realism can be portrayed, but being a game, there are limitations. Teixeira (1982:5) recommends that games should not be used for the evaluation of the executives' or students' performance without having ascertained the correlation between the success of the game and success in managing a real organization. Nevertheless, he believes that the business games are a valuable way to observe potentialities and probable performances. In these games, participants are given an opportunity to use the acquired knowledge and, as it is a simulation, they may dare to learn, reducing, through simulation, the risks they would incur to act in real life. The Tobin's q was discussed as a new parameter for the TE Total Enterprise simulations. The value of the Tobin's q for each simulated company was used as a proxy of company's performance and compared to the other seven past performance indicators in the game (The MMG). Just like in entrepreneurial reality, the hypothesis was proven that companies with a high performance exhibited at the end of ten rounds a higher value for the Tobin's q than those with a poor performance. In addition to portraying past events, as takes place with most performance indicators (sectorial multiples), the Tobin's q demonstrates aspects of the companies' future tendencies. INTRODUCTION In a former article (Sauaia, 2001) the use of new performance evaluation criteria during simulation was discussed, based upon financial and non-financial indicators. The aspects discussed here included: the business Games as tools for managerial education; the main characteristics of the game utilized in this experiment: the scenario, the decisions, the results and the performance evaluation criteria utilized in the simulations; the possible uses of the Tobin's q as a performance indicator from the investors point of view; the methodology used in the experiment; the results of the experiment, submitted and discussed and, finally, the conclusions showing how the Tobin's q can contribute and add understanding to simulation as an indicator of the value of the firm and performance of the administration (past and future), in an attempt to combine sectorial multiples relating to several dimensions in one single measure. Belonging to a context that privileges experiential learning, the business games may be viewed as facilitators of the teaching and learning process. In this type of activity the participant (player) acts like a strategist transforming the data, he receives about the game's environment and making decisions that will affect the future results of the company. According to Carl Rogers (1969:137-9), most of the consequential learning is acquired by means of action. The practical experiencing of problems enables the student to be involved in a teaching environment in which he himself is in charge of the learning. To this, Rogers has given the name of significant learning that comprises the entire person bringing about deeper cognitive and affective changes. In the vision of Sauaia (1997:13), the student or professional who is preparing himself to act as an administrator is liable to demands that challenge him in two ways: (a) Acquire technical knowledge to exercise the administration-science and continuously increase its basis of cognitive learning; BUSINESS GAMES The source of business games was war games, vastly used in training of military for the combat strategy. Adapted for the administrative environment, these simulations have been perfected over the years and, today, are as (b) Develop technical and behavior capabilities in the use of knowledge, practice the administration – art, interact affectionately and emotionally with persons in his work group and create an environment of satisfaction.


While we already know a good deal about the distribution of earnings of Canadians in any given year and how the situation has changed over the last couple of decades, our understanding of earnings dynamics - how individuals' earnings vary from one year to the next or oevr longer periods of time - has remained quite limited. The LOngitudinal Administrative Databank has motivated the development of an extensive reserach agenda on earnings and income dynamics which includes this paper on the low market income dynamics of CAnadian families with children.


Surface defect detection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is a critical stage in ensuring product quality on production lines in electronics manufacturing. The excellent performance of defect detection methods using deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and autoencoders is limited by image uncertainty under uneven ambient light or unstable transmission channels and label uncertainty due to human perception errors or lack of expert knowledge. To overcome these difficulties, a novel collaborative learning classification model is proposed for surface defect detection on PCBs. An auxiliary inference model is designed to deal with label uncertainty. Then, a symmetric residual filter is set up based on a multiscale symmetric convolutional network to remove image uncertainty in the dataset. At the same time, knowledge-transfer-based probabilistic classification is used to improve the efficiency and performance of the model in different defect detection. Furthermore, a cooperative joint probabilistic inference engine is used to improve the efficiency of the model effectively. Results on both public datasets and self-collected datasets show that the proposed model achieves excellent performance on various quantitative metrics and is suitable for defect detection on datasets collected in complex industrial environments.


We investigate multiple variants of the game Cops and Robbers. Playing it on an $n \times n$ toroidal chess graph, the game is varied by defining moves for cops and robbers differently, always mimicking moves of certain chess pieces. In these cases, the cop number is completely determined.


Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase is a marker of early tubular damage. Therefore, the current study was to investigate effects and its underling mechanisms of valsartan on gentamicin induced renal tubular injury through urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase parameter variety in rats. Animals were divided into four groups consisting of 12 rats each. The study lasted for 10 d. Rats were treated in two batches on the 6th and 11th d of the experiment, with 6 rats in each group. Control group rats were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) daily via an intragastric gavage; gentamicin group rats were given gentamicin 100 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally; valsartan (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric gavage) +gentamicin group; valsartan (20 mg/kg/d, intragastric gavage) +gentamicin group. Rats treated with gentamicin showed significant elevation in the activity and expression of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase as compared with the control group; the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were lower while malondialdehyde was higher in kidney tissues; urinary protein content was not changed; serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were increased. Moreover, pathological damage of the renal tubules was serious in gentamicin treated rats. Valsartan significantly inhibited activity and expression of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in a dose dependent manner; dramatically increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and markedly decreased malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissues; renal tubular structural damages were also effectively ameliorated by valsartan. These results show that changes of urinary N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidase levels can reflect the extent of renal tubular injury, that valsartan has protective role on gentamicin-induced renal tubular injury by down-regulation urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and its down-regulation urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase effect may be due to its antioxidant properties in kidney tissues.


Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a prominent role in electron transfer reactions due to its ability to act as electron shuttle and redox buffer. Although in natural porous media a major fraction of NOM is present in sorbed state, the effects of NOM sorption at minerals on its redox properties and vice versa are unknown and thus are the major objective of this study. We report how adsorption of three different humic acids (HA) to redox inert sorbents (polar Al2O3 and non-polar DAX-8 resin) affects their electron exchange capacities (EEC) and redox states. The electron donating capacity (EDC) of HAs sorbed at Al2O3 increased by up to 200% while the EEC of the remaining dissolved HA fractions decreased compared their initial properties. Sorption at DAX-8, however, did not affect significantly the EEC of HAs. We rationalize the sorption induced changes in HA redox properties by i) preferential sorption of NOM components rich in redox active groups (e.g. quinone, polyphenols) and ii) surface catalyzed polymerization of polyphenolic compounds. Our results demonstrate that even in the absence of electron exchange with the sorbent, adsorption to polar mineral surfaces considerably affects the redox properties of NOM. Quantification of the redox state and electron exchange capacity of adsorbed NOM may be crucial for assessing electron transfer processes as well as organic carbon stabilization and sequestration process in soils and sediments.


Furan ring-functionalized solid surfaces are achieved by the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) method, a solvent-free process to form films under mild conditions. The polymerization of furfuryl methacrylate monomer is initiated by a resistively heated filament wire. The functionality of the furan group in the iCVD film enabled Diels-Alder chemistry with 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazolin-3,5-dione (N-PTD).


Vestibular history starts with the first detailed description of the bony labyrinth published by Casserii in 1610. A more detailed description of the inner ear organs was published by Scarpa in 1789. With refinements in microscopy, descriptions of the microscopic anatomy and the inner ear innervation were published in the late 1800s. Fine structure of the sensory epithelium was described by Wersall in 1952 using the electron microscope. A functional understanding of the vestibular system has occurred in modern times through studies on the afferent and efferent vestibular system by Goldberg, Fernandez, and Lysakowski. This paper provides a historical perspective on research in the vestibular system between 1610 and the present day.


Distribution Information System is a system used to handle data on the distribution of goods. The process begins distribution of procurement of goods, delivery of goods to the customer to process return if there is a mismatch goods shipped.
CV. MJS assigned specifically to distribute goods to eastern Indonesia. In the data management CV. MJS still using bookkeeping. Needed a new computerized system and can be backed up at any time if needed.
Application distribution of herbal drugs in CV. MJS can support productivity and simplify the process of distributing herbal remedies that can provide convenience for users. This application handles the sale of goods, ordering goods, payment, and returns.


Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice edited by Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007. 320 pp. ISBN 0-262-08357-4. In Binta y la Gran Idea (Manso, 2004), a warmhearted short film nominated at the 79th Academy Awards, the main character, Agnile, a local fisherman from a small village in Senegal, learns from a friend that most modern fishing equipment used in Europe allows you to catch in one day, more fish than you could eat in your whole life. Puzzled by this finding, Agnile humbly writes to the local government: "if we follow the path shown to us by the First World, we risk that the children of our children will have no fish, no trees, no air..." The preoccupation of Agnile - the dissipation of a common good due to its over- exploitation by groups and individuals pursuing their best interest - is the tragedy of the commons. This theory, memorably depicted by Garrett Hardin (Hardin, 1968), is the thread that conceptually ties together the chapters of Understanding knowledge as a commons: From theory to practice, a collection of essays edited by Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom. Contributors to this book include leading scholars in domains such as intellectual property, open source software, electronic publishing, digital preservation and civic engagement. Their essays present an analysis of the knowledge commons from their particular perspectives and in relation to Hardin's tragedy. The book is divided into three sections: the study of the knowledge commons, their protection, and their production. What are knowledge commons? In the first section of the book, Hess and Ostrom provide a very thorough introduction and analysis of the concept of knowledge as a commons, appropriate for readers of all levels of familiarity with this field. Remarkably, they collocate the notion of knowledge in the context of more tangible realms, such as oceans and forests, which have traditionally been regarded as common-pool resources. Their analysis, however, tends to capture communities and their knowledge generation mechanisms in too great detail - something that risks undermining the very open-ended nature of the knowledge commons. For example, their diagnostic study tool (the Institutional Analysis and Development framework) primarily takes into account traditional scholarly communication channels, not leaving enough space for novel forms of collaborative knowledge generation and dissemination. However, with David Bollier's contribution (The Growth of the Commons Paradigm), the concept of knowledge commons is reformulated, in particular with respect to its most recent evolution. Bollier does a thorough job of presenting a new cultural form of


Given the present economic development,educational caring can hopefully elevate the quality of the inclusive education in China by reducing handicapped children's ethical fear,fostering positive psychological character,improving school administration,developing caring teacher-student relation and peer group relations,and employing efficient teaching methods.This paper analyzes this viewpoint both theoretically and practically.


Urban Air Mobility (UAM), or the scenario where multiple manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) carry out various tasks over urban airspaces, is a transportation concept of the future that is gaining prominence. UAM missions with complex spatial, temporal and reactive requirements can be succinctly represented using Signal Temporal Logic (STL), a behavioral specification language. However, planning and control of systems with STL specifications is computationally intensive, usually resulting in planning approaches that do not guarantee dynamical feasibility, or control approaches that cannot handle complex STL specifications. Here, we present an approach to co-design the planner and control such that a given STL specification (possibly over multiple UAV s) is satisfied with trajectories that are dynamically feasible and our controller can track them with a bounded tracking-error that the planner accounts for. The tracking controller is formulated for the non-linear dynamics of the individual UAVs, and the tracking error bound is computed for this controller when the trajectories satisfy some kinematic constraints. We also augment an existing multi-UAV STL-based trajectory generator in order to generate trajectories that satisfy such constraints. We show that this co-design allows for trajectories that satisfy a given STL specification, and are also dynamically feasible in the sense that they can be tracked with bounded error. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated through simulations of multi- UAV missions.


For a long time,because of the lack of national regulation and guidance,some problems occur in lead storage industry,such as disorderly development,low-level repeat construction and deficient supervision.This industry has become one of the most important industries for heavy metal pollution control.This paper discusses the problems of heavy metal pollution caused by lead storage industry and puts forward the control measures of executing environmental access,strengthening sufficient supervision,upgrading technolog,and equipment,and promoting public participation.Hopefully it can provide reference for the sustainable development of lead storage battery industry.


Amelioration of salt-affected soils requires an integrated management approach, by eco-friendly environmental methods which help improve soil properties, increases crop yield and quality.  Hence, a study was done to evaluate the performances of combined use of compost and foliar application of Zn, K and compost tea. In salt affected soil in the rice-wheat system. A field experiment at El Hamool district, Kafr El Sheikh governorate, Egypt was carried out during 2019 summer for rice and 2020 winter season for wheat. A split plot design with three replicates was performed. The main plots were occupied by levels of compost: C1 (2MgFed.-1), C2 (4MgFed.-1) and C3 (6MgFed.-1), (Fed= 0.41ha). Whereas, sub-plots were foliar application: control (T1), Zinc sulphate (T2), Mono potassium phosphate (T3), compost tea (T4), Zinc + potassium (T5), zinc + compost tea (T6), potassium + CT (T7) and Zn + PK + CT (T8). ECe and SAR) were significant decreased due to application of compost up to C3 (6MgFed.-1) while CEC and organic carbon were significantly increased by compost application, C3(6MgFed.-1). The highest results were recorded  due to use of Zn+PK+CT and compost. The grain and straw yields of both rice and wheat were markedly increased due to application of compost and foliar nutrients. The highest values were noted with the interaction of C3 am and T8.Nitrogen uptake, N use efficiency and N-recovery for both rice and wheat were considerably increased due to application of compost and foliar treatments, the highest performance being observed in C3 coupled with T8.


Pt supported on KOH‐activated mesoporous carbon (K‐AMC) was used to catalyze glycerol oxidation under base‐free conditions at room temperature. To study the relationship between the carbon surface chemistry and the catalytic performance of the K‐AMC‐based Pt catalysts, different levels of surface oxygen functional groups (SOFGs) on the AMC supports were induced by thermal treatment at different temperatures under inert or H2 gas. A strong effect of the surface chemistry was observed on AMC‐supported Pt catalysts for glycerol oxidation. The presence of carboxylic acid groups impedes the adsorption of glycerol, which leads to the reduction of catalytic activity, whereas the presence of high‐desorption‐temperature SOFGs, such as phenol, ether, and carbonyl/quinone groups, provide hydrophilicity to the carbon surface that improves the adsorption of glycerol molecules on Pt metal surface, which is beneficial for the catalytic activity.


The topic markers exist in many Tibeto-Burman Languages.The topic markers can be classified into three types:(1) constraint-induced markers;(2) unconstraint-induced markers and(3) without markers but using tone pause,etc.The topic markers of Tibeto-Burman Languages have many functions and are of latter existence.The topic markers of each languages are not of isogeny.Compared with Chinese,both of them belong to typological relations instead of embryological relations.


An approach to the optimal allocation of sensors in a class of distributed parameter systems is considered. Since it is technically impossible to observe the system state at overall spatial domain and all real systems are subjected to stochastic disturbances, it is necessary to choose the optimal location of sensors in order to obtain the best state estimates. The measurement optimization based on the filtering theory, in which the linear system, the Gaussian noise processes, and the quadratic cost are considered, can be done a priori by solving an optimal control problem with the Riccati equation. Although the non-linearlity of the Riccati equation makes the problem analitically intractable, the necessary conditions of optimality have been derived and some simple numerical examples have been reported by various authors. The determination of optimal locations in the multi-dimensional spatial domain, however, requires much calculation time and the prior limitation of allowable measurement points. In this paper an alternative approach to allocate sensors is considered by applying the concepts of the Monte-Carlo stratified sampling method to our problem. Approximate measurement systems for the spatial continuous and the spatial averaging types of measurements are constructed by optimally allocating a give number of sensors to the prespecified strata so that the information may be preserved as much as possible. This approach cannot make the precise determination of each sensor's location, but provides an effectual method to allocate many sensors in a multi-dimensional spatial domain.


Real-world complex systems always interact with each other, which causes these systems to collapse in an avalanche or cascading manner in the case of random failures or malicious attacks. The robustness of multilayer networks has attracted great interest, where the modeling and theoretical studies of which always rely on the concept of multilayer networks and percolation methods. A straightforward and tacit assumption is that the interdependence across network layers is strong, which means that a node will fail entirely with the removal of all links if one of its interdependent nodes in other network layers fails. However, this oversimplification cannot describe the general form of interactions across the network layers in a real-world multilayer system. In this paper, we reveal the nature of the avalanche disintegration of general multilayer networks with arbitrary interdependency strength across network layers. Specifically, we identify that the avalanche process of the whole system can essentially be decomposed into two microscopic cascading dynamics in terms of the propagation direction of the failures: depth penetration and scope extension. In the process of depth penetration, the failures propagate from layer to layer, where the greater the number of failed nodes is, the greater is the destructive power that will emerge in an interdependency group. In the process of scope extension, failures propagate with the removal of connections in each network layer. Under the synergy of the two processes, we find that the percolation transition of the system can be discontinuous or continuous with changes in the interdependency strength across network layers, which means that a sudden system-wide collapse can be avoided by controlling the interdependency strength across network layers. Our work not only reveals the microscopic mechanism of global collapse in multilayer infrastructure systems but also provides stimulating ideas on intervention programs and approaches for cascade failures.


This chapter presents a reflection on different policy initiatives targeting multimorbidity. Owing to its global impact on public health, type 2 diabetes is used as an example in this context. Challenges on different levels are illustrated, and the implementation and limitations of scaling-up processes in integrated care initiatives as well as national policies on the prevention of chronic diseases are discussed. Questions on the responsibilities of society, government, and insurance companies to jointly tackle the epidemiologic challenges are addressed and general conclusions on the different approaches are drawn. One important issue significantly hampering the development, implementation, and scaling up of effective policies is the lack of sufficient long-term evaluations. To accomplish sustained improvements of the current public health situation, a strategic shift from individual to shared responsibilities of the different parties is needed. The chapter concludes with proposals for prevention policies and general recommendations for policy development.


Two major errors in the extratropical storm track results in Hodges et al. (2003) have recently been identified. Fortunately these errors do not affect the major conclusions of the paper.Thefirst problem concerns the use of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 15-yr Reanalysis (ERA15) mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data used in this study. These data were derived from the ECMWF model level fields using a different method of extrapolation than that used at ECMWF. The result of this is that large errors in pressure are identified over the major orographic regions compared with the MSLP supplied by ECMWF, and when compared with the other reanalyses. This is particularly the case over the Antarctic continent. The result of this is that the planetary-scale filtering that is applied to the data to remove the large-scale background removes a very different planetary-scale structure compared with the other reanalyses. This problem has significantly less impact in the NH. The result of this is that the comparison of the ERA15 MSLP tracking in the SH with the other reanalyses tends to be skewed, in particular close to the Antarctic coast. This shows up in Fig. 4d of the paper, where the mean intensity distribution for ERA15 shows a double-mode structure with much larger intensity values in the tail compared with the single modes of the other reanalyses. In addition, the differences in mean intensity of the other reanalyses compared with ERA15 show large differences around the Antarctic coast. By repeating the analysis using the ECMWF-derived


Binary differential phase-shift keying (2DPSK) signal is mainly used for high speed data transmission. However, the bit error rate of digital signal receiver is high in the case of wicked channel environment. In view of this situation, a novel method based on stochastic resonance (SR) is proposed, which is aimed to reduce the bit error rate of 2DPSK signal by coherent demodulation receiving. According to the theory of SR, a nonlinear receiver model is established, which is used to receive 2DPSK signal under small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) circumstances (between −15 dB and 5 dB), and compared with the conventional demodulation method. The experimental results demonstrate that when the input SNR is in the range of −15 dB to 5 dB, the output bit error rate of nonlinear system model based on SR has a significant decline compared to the conventional model. It could reduce 86.15% when the input SNR equals −7 dB. Meanwhile, the peak value of the output signal spectrum is 4.25 times as that of the conventional ...


Potentiometric measurements carried out in a 50-50 (v/v) H2O-Me2SO mixture together with 1H and 13C NMR studies carried out in pure Me2SO-d6 reveal that 3-aminothiophene (4a), 3-N-(methylamino)thio...


This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumer decisions to purchase electronic goods on credit at PT Columbus Megah Sentra Sarana, Berau Branch. The data collection method used a questionnaire distributed to consumers of PT Columbus Megah Sentra Sarana, Berau Branch, as many as 92 people who were selected using probability sampling method with simple random sampling technique. The analytical tools used are: validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, t test and F test.The results of this study indicate that the factors that have a significant influence are cultural factors, social factors and personal factors. Meanwhile, psychological factors have no significant effect on consumer decisions in purchasing electronic goods on credit at PT Columbus Megah Sentra Sarana, Berau Branch. So that the hypothesis of point 1 can be partially accepted and partially rejected.The results of the F test show that cultural factors, social factors, personal factors and psychological factors simultaneously have a significant influence on consumer decisions in purchasing electronic goods on credit at PT Columbus Megah Sentra Sarana, Berau Branch, so the hypothesis point 2 can be accepted


Image matching is a fundamental task of many problems in computer vision. This paper presents a novel local feature descriptor based on the gradient distance and orientation histogram (GDOH), which can be used for reliably matching between different views of a scene for wide baseline. The proposed descriptor is invariant to image scale, rotation, illumination and partial viewpoint changes. At present, the SIFT descriptor is generally considered as the most appealing descriptor for practical uses, but the high dimensionality is a drawback of SIFT in the feature matching step. The purpose of GDOH is to reduce the dimensional size of the descriptor, yet still maintain distinctness and robustness as much as SIFT. The experimental results show that the proposed descriptor can result in effectiveness and efficiency in image matching and image retrieval application.


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be distinct as a gathering amount of mobile nodes which build the irregular network lacking assist of several network structures. Every mobile node entering together as host as well as a router also it transmits the data to receiver via multi-hop manner. The dynamic topography, node mobility, offers large amount of degree, self-organizing capacity that is a features of MANET. Owing to the scenery intends to improvement of routing is disputing chore for communication surroundings. In this paper, Flexible and Proficient Routing in MANET is introduced. Here, Routing can be achieved both multi-hop and multipath. In an efficient network, care to achieve both in the most optimized manner is essential. An analysis of when multi-hop data transmission is required and when multipath transmission can be used for efficient communication is analyzed. The results provide better routing efficiency in MANET.


From the leaves of the black poplar (Populus nigra L., Salicaceae family) there were for the first time isolated rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), calendoflavobioside (quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside) (flavonoids) and ferulic acid (phenylpropanoid) by using of liquid column chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds there were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-, UV-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and results of chemical transformations. The isolated flavonoids are the dominant phenolic components of the raw material of the investigated plant. It was determined, that the isolated flavonoids cause the spectral characteristics of the UV spectra of the water-ethanolic extract from the Populus nigra leaves. It was substantiated the expediency of the estimation of the total flavonoids in the leaves of Populus nigra calculated on rutin. As results there was development the method of the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in the leaves of Populus nigra by the using of the differential spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 414 nm. It was determined that the content of the total flavonoids in the raw materials of the studied plant varies from 2.04±0.09% to 2.99±0.11%. The relative degree of the determination of the total flavonoids in the leaves of black poplar in developed method with confidence probability 0.95 is no more than ± 6.26%.


An automated detection method for sick pig behavior was proposed after analyzing the disadvantages of traditional observation methods for abnormal behavior of pigs. An embedded detecting system based on computer vision and ARM (Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Machines) was designed to monitor the pig excretion behavior. The improved moving objecting detection method and symmetrical pixel block image identification algorithm is designed to recognize the suspected sick pigs. The relevant pictures are taken and sent to the surveillance center through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) networks after finding the suspected sick pigs. The experiment results for 10 Yorkshire pigs showed that the detection accuracy is about 78.38%. The designed method and monitoring system will be helpful for improving production automation in modern pig farm.


Several dams in South Africa were overtopped by the unprecedented floods of 1981, now well documented. Stage at the dam wall was, in every case amplified due to surges, waves and their reflections, leading to overestimation of the actual flood peaks. The dams did not fail although stressed beyond their design values. Even an earth dam, although twice severely overtopped, survived - probably because of the short-time duration of the amplified peak loading. Such surges can lead to overstress. The observed flood peaks at several dams were greater than those estimated by slope-area methods from down-river flood marks. These increased discharges ascribable to surge agree with calculated values. The results of theoretical analysis of unsteady-state flood routing and a hydraulic model simulation are presented in the paper.


This research presents a panorama of the Educational Psychology services in public and private schools in Vitoria. Four psychologists and thirty other professionals that worked in different schools were interviewed. The psychologists that were working in the schools did not have official employee links. They frequently complained about the job they did in the schools. The majority answered that educational psychologists should work with the relationship between students, teachers and parents. They considered that it was important to have a psychologist in the school. Even in the schools that did not have a psychologist, others professionals often "play the role" of the psychologist.


Data leakage is defined as the accidental or unintentional distribution of private or sensitive data to an unauthorized entity. Sensitive data in companies and organizations include intellectual property (IP), financial information, patient information, personal credit-card data, and other information depending on the business and the industry. Data leakage poses a serious issue for companies as the number of incidents and the cost to those experiencing them continue to increase. Data leakage is enhanced by the fact that transmitted data (both inbound and outbound), including emails, instant messaging, website forms, and file transfers among others, are largely unregulated and unmonitored on their way to their destinations. The potential damage and adverse consequences of a data leakage incident can be classified into two categories: Direct and Indirect Losses. Direct losses refer to tangible damage that is easy to measure or to estimate quantitatively. Indirect losses, on the other hand, aremuch harder to quantify and have a much broader impact in terms of cost, place, and time. Direct losses include violations of regulations (such as those protecting customer privacy) resulting in fines, settlements or customer compensation fees litigation involving lawsuits loss of future sales costs of investigation and remedial or restoration fees. Indirect losses include reduced share price as a result of negative publicity damage to a company's goodwill and reputation customer abandonment and exposure of intellectual property (business plans, code, financial reports, and meeting agendas) to


Background Growth Arrest Specific gene 6 (Gas6) is a ligand for the Tyro3/Axl/Mer (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases found on the surface of platelets. Previous studies have shown that stimulation of these receptors results in amplification of platelet activation and thrombus stabilization via activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, leading to phosphorylation of the β3 integrin. Previous work (from our lab and others) demonstrated that inhibition of the Gas6/TAM pathway results in impaired platelet aggregation, reduced aggregate stability, and decreased platelet spreading. Additionally, knockout mice deficient in the receptor or ligand are protected from venous and arterial thrombosis, but retain normal tail bleeding times. Here, we describe development and characterization of novel Mer-selective small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) for thrombosis applications.

Objectives To determine if Mer-selective SMIs can inhibit platelet aggregation and protect mice from thrombosis using in vitro and in vivo models

Methods We used aggregometry and in vivo murine models of arterial and venous thrombosis to compare two Mer-selective SMIs (UNC Mer TKI1 and UNC Mer TKI2) and determine the most effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The inhibitory effect of two doses (1µM and 5 µM) of the compounds were determined using standard light-transmission aggregometry after a 30 minute incubation with washed human platelets at 37 ¢aC and compared to platelets treated with vehicle control or with a TKI control (UNC TKI Null), a SMI with similar structure but minimal anti-TAM activity. Both collagen/epinephrine-induced systemic venous thrombosis and FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury models were used to determine effects on thrombosis mediated by UNC TKIs. Wild type C57Bl/6 mice were treated with one of the two inhibitors and compared to mice treated with vehicle control. Mean values +/- SEM are shown and statistical significance ( p <0.05) was determined using the student's paired t-test.

Results UNC Mer TKI1 exhibited more potent inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro relative to UNC Mer TKI2, although both compounds mediated dose-dependent effects. At a concentration of 1uM, the maximum percent aggregation in UNC Mer TKI1-treated samples (n=7) was significantly greater than samples treated with UNC TKI Null (n=7), 20% DMSO vehicle (n=7), or UNC TKI2 (n=7), with mean values of 69 +/- 2.2%, 76.7 +/-1.8% (p<0.01), 76.9 +/- 2.1% (p=0.001), and 77 +/- 1.8% (p<0.001), respectively. At a concentration of 5 µM, UNC Mer TKI1-treated samples (n=7) exhibited a mean maximum percent aggregation of 23.7 +/- 2.4% compared to 50.4 +/- 4.8% for samples treated with UNC Mer TKI2 (n=7, p <0.001).

UNC Mer TKIs also mediated protection from thrombus formation in mice. Following FeCl3 injury to the carotid artery, vehicle-treated mice (n=11) developed stable vessel occlusions with a mean time of 6.77 +/- 0.25 min. In contrast, stable occlusion occurred at a mean time of 46.6 +/- 7.72 min (n=9, p =0.001) for UNC Mer TKI1-treated mice. Survival times following venous injection of collagen and epinephrine were also significantly increased in mice treated with either UNC Mer TKI relative to the UNC TKI Null or vehicle controls. Mice pre-treated with UNC Mer TKI1 (n=9, p =0.04 compared to vehicle alone) or UNC Mer TKI2 (n=9, p =0.03 compared to vehicle alone) survived for 19.84 +/- 4.4 and 21.25 +/- 4.65 minutes, respectively. In contrast, mice given UNC TKI Null (n=3) or vehicle (n=21), only survived for 3.21 +/- 2.4 min and 3.09 +/- 0.22 minutes, respectively.

Conclusion UNC Mer TKIs mediate dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation and protect mice from arterial and venous thrombosis. Their pronounced activity compared to an inactive scaffold protein with minimal anti-TAM activity suggest that Gas6/TAM pathway inhibition is the mechanism of action for these novel compounds. UNC Mer TKI1 has more potent anti-thrombotic properties than UNC Mer TKI2.

Disclosures: Branchford: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Sather: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. DeRyckere: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Zhang: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Liu: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Earp: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Wang: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Frye: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Graham: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties. Di Paola: University of Colorado: inventor on a patent application relevant to this work , inventor on a patent application relevant to this work Patents & Royalties.


AbstractCirculations and qualities of political elites are subjects of abiding interest in comparative political sociology. Pairs of articles in this issue examine (1) long-term circulations of parliamentary elites in Norway, Denmark, and other Nordic countries; (2) changing compositions of ministerial and parliamentary elites in Spain and Russia since both countries transited from authoritarian rule; (3) personality traits of German parliamentary elites, compared with those of the German adult population, and proclivities of American and British elites since World War II. This introduction compares and contrasts the three pairs of articles with previous comparative studies of political elites.


Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing can be a promising tool in tissue engineering applications for generating tissue-specific 3D architecture. The 3D printing process, including computer-aided design (CAD), can be combined with the finite element method (FEM) to design and fabricate 3D tissue architecture with designated mechanical properties. In this study, we generated four types of 3D CAD models to print tissue-engineered scaffolds with different inner geometries (lattice, wavy, hexagonal, and shifted microstructures) and analyzed them by FEM to predict their mechanical behaviors. For the validity of computational simulations by FEM, we measured the mechanical properties of the 3D printed scaffolds. Results showed that the theoretical compressive elastic moduli of the designed constructs were 23.3, 56.5, 67.5, and 1.8 MPa, and the experimental compressive elastic moduli were 23.6 ± 0.6, 45.1 ± 1.4, 56.7 ± 1.7, and 1.6 ± 0.2 MPa for lattice, wavy, hexagonal, and shifted microstructures, respectively, while maintaining the same construct dimension and porosity. In addition, van der Waals hyperelastic material model was successfully utilized to predict the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the printed scaffolds with different inner geometries. These findings indicated that the CAD-based FEM prediction could be used for designing tissue-specific constructs to mimic the mechanical properties of targeted tissues or organs.


Allowing users to quickly and easily build powerful Web applications, Ruby on Rails (RoR) continues to grow in popularity among developers thanks to its ease of use and speed Examines how RoR uses less code for application development by avoiding redundancy and encouraging increased performance that boasts less development time Includes in-depth coverage of the RoR framework, and follows the development of a complete RoR Web application that uses various features of RoR that are taught earlier in the book Addresses the latest trends such as Agile development, Web Services, Web 2.0, and Ajax from an RoR perspective


Because of the influence of such false conception as zero_proceeding on Chinese traditional society, in the academic circles of China there has been a misunderstanding that there were few civil proceedings in Chinese traditional society. This thesis illustrates that civil proceedings did exist in Chinese traditional society from the three angles: necessity; feasibility and reality.


This work describes coand counter-current gas permeation unit models developed in Aspen Custom Modeler. The models are based on the solution-diffusion mechanism and describe a single membrane module considering discretization of membrane area. After evaluation against data measured from the separation of carbon dioxide and methane the models have been used to calculate the performance of a reverse selective membrane for the separation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.


With the coming of the net age, ideological education in colleges and universities has been facing both new opportunities and challenges. How to carry out ideological education in the favorable condition of Internet is a crucial issue for educators to solve.


Abstract The authors have researched, and partially developed, a novel concept for temporarily reducing the external diameter of a polyethylene (PE) pipe and then allowing recovery to full diameter as a close fit within a host main. The novelty lies in the four-lobed collapsed pipe geometry, which provides an efficient reduction of overall outside diameter without excessive strain and in the achievement and maintenance of this collapsed shape by vacuum. The further attraction of this approach is that controlled release of the vacuum provides a substantial primary recovery of the original pipe size and shape. The inventive discovery that makes possible the control of the four-lobe collapse state involves strict and progressive control of the collapse process, which can, in principle, be conducted downstream of the extrusion process, making continuous manufacturing, and indeed, coiling, feasible. Alternatively the collapse process could be made an on site operation immediately before insertion. The present work was largely conducted using a highly elastic grade of PE (Dow-DuPont 'engage' polymer) that maximised the high shape recovery potential of the process. Using this tough, rubbery form of PE pipe it was demonstrated that almost full pipe geometry could be recovered after release of vacuum. The technique is also applicable to conventional pipe grade PE materials, but with their stiffer viscoelastic properties recovery would require some internal pressure and perhaps elevated temperature for full recovery of circularity. The 'engage' PE polymers were found to be potentially useful materials for pipe lining since they are intrinsically tough and appear to be entirely weld compatible with conventional PE pipes. Engage liners could be electrofused to PE pipe. Iron pipe lined with a pressurised engage pipe was artificially fractured and subjected to severe angular offset without damage to the lining.


PURPOSE: A compression device of industrial waste and a compression method are provided to reduce repair and maintenance expenses by repairing the compression device conveniently, and to increase combustion efficiency of solid fuel by reducing the size of solid fuel with using an H-shaped nozzle. CONSTITUTION: Waste plastic and waste synthetic resin are put to a waste inlet(2) opened in the upper part, and compressed and output through an H-shaped nozzle(8). An eccentric cam(5) is formed in the center of a body of the compression device, and reversed to a cam(9) by rotating the cam connected to a decelerator(11) and a driving motor. The H-shaped nozzles are combined around the eccentric cam, and a high frequency heater(13) or a cartridge heater is formed in the nozzle. Waste plastic or synthetic resin is molten through the heater, and molten solid fuel is moved down on a plate(15).


The invention discloses a method and a system for implementing database access. The method comprises the following steps of: forming a Bucket instance by using the same class of structured query language (SQL); configuring various SQL and Bucket in a data access configuration file; if non cross-statement database access is performed, acquiring Pooled Statement by using a borrow Statement () interface method; if cross-statement database access is performed, acquiring the Bucket by using a borrow Bucket () interface method, and acquiring the Pooled Statement therein one by one by using a get Statement () method provided by the Bucket; and performing data operation of the database access by using an interface method provided by the Pooled Statement. The method and the system can implement high-availability, high-performance, low-cost, and easily managed, adjusted and optimized database access for a distributed system of massive data.


A member of the NCOA/SRC/p160 co-activator family, AIB1 is amplified and overexpressed in multiple cancer types, notably breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. Common to all members of the NCOA/SRC/p160 family are bHLH-PAS, receptor interaction, and CBP/p300 interacting activation domains. The protein acts as a scaffold to support the transcriptional activity of many DNA binding transcription factors, such as the ER, AP-1, E2F, NF κ B, and TEADs. In doing so, the multi-domain protein facilitates chromatin remodeling and oncogenic gene transcription. Further, the AIB1Δ4 isoform promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis through interaction with chromatin in the nucleus or at the periphery of the cell. Pathologically, AIB1 promotes the transformation of normal tissue to cancerous lesions in multiple diseases, and loss delays progression. AIB1 has also been implicated in cancer recurrence and pharmacological resistance. We will discuss the structure and isoforms of AIB1, the physiological consequences of its interaction with transcription factors and hormone receptors, and clinical significance of the protein.


Next-generation wireless networks present an all-IP-based architecture integrating the existing cellular networks with wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless ad hoc networks, wireless personal area networks (WPANs), etc. This makes mobility management an important issue for users roaming among these networks/systems. On one hand, intelligent schemes needs to be devised to benefit the IP-based technology, on the other hand, new solutions are required to take into account global roaming among various radio access technology and support of real-time multimedia applications. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of fast handover for hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6) using a proposed analytical model. Location update cost function, packet delivery cost function and total cost function are formulated respectively based on the fluid-flow mobility model. We investigate the impact of several wireless system factors, such as user velocity, user density, mobility domain size, session-to-mobility ratio on these costs, and present some numerical results.


A method for portable gas chromatography and mass spectrometry( GC-MS) was established to analyze volatile organic compounds( VOCs) in water. At a same laboratory,the benzene and its analogies( BTEX) 、halo-hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes of VOCs in water were determined by portable headspace( HS)-GC-MS in order to study their analytic reproducibility and accuracy. The result reaches reproducibility with the RSD from 0. 7% to 13%,as well as accuracy with the recoveries for most compounds from 80% to 120%. Generally,the precision and accuracy of the method were satisfied to meet the demand of emergency monitoring.


Purpose – This paper investigates purchasing ethics within the UK clothing retail sector in the context of structural changes in the sector and the growth of international sourcing as a necessary strategic tool to maintain competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the background to retailer interest in sourcing ethics and the development of codes of conduct to guide retail purchasing professionals. The primary research is an exploratory examination of the experiences of UK retail buying personnel working in the global market for garments, who are required to make decisions "on the ground" that reflect the ethical codes of their companies, yet who are also constrained by the need to make profitable sourcing decisions.Findings – The conclusions assess what can be learnt from these experiences and offer suggestions for future research.Originality/value – The paper is of interest to any retail academics, personnel and employees.


Seven vegetation management programs ranging from 100% cover of grass-dominated vegetation to bare soil were created on opposing north and south aspects. Nutrient contents of the herbaceous vegetation and soil were effected significantly by management programs, location in the plot (row and interrow), and time. The presence or absence of vegetation influenced vegetative uptake and leaching losses, resulting in differences among the vegetation management programs. In general, the upper soil (0- to 15-cm depth) with 100% vegetative cover contained more exchangeable Mg and less NO3 and available P than under bare soil. Exchangeable Ca was not affected by the management programs. Differences in growth form (grass or forb), perennial or annual vegetation, and percent bare soil accounted for the majority of differences in the nutrient content of the noncrop vegetation. Aspect did not affect any of the plant and soil parameters measured.


Managerial Communication, in today's hyper communicative global business, is integral to business related disciplines such as strategic management, leadership, strategic marketing, and business ethics, etc. However, within the context of global strategic management, Managerial Communication follows under the broad umbrella of "Business Communication". Communication with internal and external stakeholders demands careful – ethical considerations, regardless of the industry. Having an inclusive – ethical strategic managerial communication policy in place, allows for strategic information dissemination as well as the protection of transmission of confidential data. This chapter discusses the topic of communication in general with emphasis on ethical managerial communication within the global context. The result of the study confirm that effective – ethical communication strategies and appropriate communications policy implementation is conducive to the firm's success. Within the framework of managerial leadership effectiveness, ethical managerial communication refers solely to managerial communication within the context of ethical global business management and not media communication.


This paper presents an efficient image recognition method using the hybrid coefficient measure of correlation and distance. The correlation coefficient is applied to measure the statistical similarity by using Pearson coefficient, and distance coefficient is also applied to measure the spacial similarity by using city-block. The total similarity among images is calculated by extending the similarity between the feature vectors, then the feature vectors can be extracted by PCA and ICA, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the problem for recognizing the 960(30 persons * 4 expressions * 2 lights * 4 poses) facial images of 40*50 pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed method of ICA has a superior recognition performances than the method using PCA, and is affected less by the environmental influences so as lighting.