The Editorial team at Health Expectations view our journal as one with international appeal and reach. We pride ourselves on being receptive to manuscripts from around the world and value the work of our international colleagues. Reflecting on the submissions received in 2016, we note that whilst most manuscripts came from the UK, the USA, the Netherlands and Australia, the breadth of countries from which manuscripts reporting primary research was huge, including China, Peru, Nigeria, Romania, Taiwan and Thailand. The Associate Editors (themselves from the UK, Canada and Greece) note that the level of patient and public engagement (PPIE) in research varies in different parts of the world, and it is often because of the lack of PPIE in studies that manuscripts are not deemed suitable for HEX. Introducing this issue of HEX, I note with some dismay that none of the manuscripts originate from developing countries, and this may limit the appeal of HEX in these countries. So, if you are a researcher reading this Editorial briefing, conducting research, in developing countries, in which public participation in health care and health policy is the focus, we do want to encourage you to submit your manuscript to us. On average, HEX receives 300 submissions per year which are processed by the Editorial team, and we accept about 30% of manuscripts. This is quite a high workload for our team of four, and we are seeking applications to fill an additional Associate Editor (AE) post. The AE role is vital in ensuring that we can maintain our excellent average turnaround time from submission to first decision of 32 days. So, if you already have experience reviewing manuscripts for journals (particularly HEX) and would like to join the team of Associate Editors, please contact us email@example.com. Along with the Associate Editors, we have a strong Editorial Board, but again, reflecting on the membership, the Board would be strengthened with Board members from developing countries. Editorial Board members are particularly important in making editorial decisions when we have conflicting reviews, and the Associate Editor looks to a Board member for advice. If you are reading this and interested in becoming a member of the Board, please contact us. Returning to this edition of HEX, I have decided to highlight manuscripts that I think will have an appeal internationally. Protheroe et al report a face-to-face survey conducted in Stokeon-Trent, a deprived area of England. The survey used a measure of functional health literacy, the "Newest Vital Sign" (NVS), validated for use in a UK population. The study team, a partnership between academics and the City Council, demonstrated associations between higher rates of limited health literacy and older age, lower educational level, lower income, perceived poor health and lack of access to the Internet. We are pleased that the authors chose to publish this work in HEX— it is the first citywide survey of health literacy levels conducted in the UK. The authors emphasise that the evidence generated from their study, which is locally extremely relevant, will provide a key impetus to multidisciplinary, multisector


Summary

A case of pelvic single kidney with anuria is described; caused by an obstructing ureteric calculus. The patient was sixty-eight years of age and had had no complaints related to his urinary tract until two months before his death. He died five days after removing the stone, of post-operative lobular pneumonia.


Background: IgE‐mediated allergic reactions to bullfrog and edible frog have been reported. The implicated allergens have not been defined so far. The frog material and the patient's serum from a case of severe food‐induced anaphylaxis were used to define the implicated allergen at the protein and DNA level.


Swarm intelligence has emerged as one of the most studied artificial intelligence branches during the last decade, constituting today the most high-growing stream on bioinspired computation community [1]. A clear trend can be deduced by analyzing some of the most renowned scientific databases available, showing that the interest aroused by this branch has been in crescendo at a notable pace in the last years [2]. Undoubtedly, the main influences behind the conception of this stream are the extraordinarily famous particle swarm optimization (PSO, [3]) and ant colony optimization (ACO, [4]) algorithms. These meta-heuristic lighted the fuse of the success of this knowledge area, being the origin and principal inspiration of their subsequent research. Such remarkable success has led to the proposal of a myriad of novel methods, each one based on a different inspirational source such as the behavioral patterns of animals, social and political behaviors, or physical processes. The constant proposal of new methods showcases the capability and adaptability of this sort of solvers to reach a near-optimal performance over a wide range of high-demanding academic and real-world problems, being this fact one of the main advantages of swarm intelligence-based meta-heuristics.


Performance of the basic delay and sum beamforming is influenced by the reflections of sound from surfaces in the environment. In closed spaces this effect is even more significant, where signals from the high number of close secondary mirror image sources interfere with the primary signal. However, one can also make use of the presence of these image sources. If the geometry of the surrounding surfaces is known, one can also focus on the closest secondary image sources, create secondary sound maps (images) and combine them with the primary ones. The advantage of focusing on the secondary sources is that they are seen under independent direction characteristics, which allows the elimination of real interferences, obstructing objects. In this paper we present the results of our investigations of employing room acoustical considerations to increase efficiency and performance of a random-placed microphone array used in a closed enclosure. A simple case of a shoebox shaped room is used for the simulations. The effect, advantages and limits of using sound maps created by second and higher order image sources is discussed.


Financing is necessary for investments in new production processes, in new production equipment, in new innovative products, and for expansion in new markets. Firms operating under cash constraints ...


A new way of computing in 21st century is cloud computing. In this computing services are provided through internet. Services are used by user on pay per usage model. Users are offered different level of services based on their requirement. So cost of service also depends upon the type of resources provided to user. To provide the services as per the demand, there is need of efficient task scheduling approach. The basic approaches found in the literature were very easy and effective for small system. The major limitation of those approaches is that they cause unbalancing of system. In the present work, authors have proposed a deadline & suffrage aware task scheduling algorithm which not only consider the deadlines but also consider the priorities assigned through suffrage. It has been analyzed and tested critically using Cloudsim simulator on the various relevant parameters. Through simulation results, it has been found that deadline & suffrage aware min-min approach outperforms the basic min-min approach on all the relevant parameters.


One of the challenges in a three-stage switch is how to distribute the traffic between the second stage switches. The dispatching algorithm affects the queue levels in the second stage and has a direct impact on the queueing delay. In this study, a dispatching algorithm called Stage 2 Queue Balancer (S2QB) is proposed. The proposed algorithm distributes flows packet-by-packet between the second stage switches. The results of this study demonstrate that queues in the second stage remain in balance and the delay is minimized. S2QB does not add any overhead.


Research on complex systems sometimes involves intersections between disciplines,and so combination of knowledge from different fields should be considered in Agent-based modeling and simulation for them.According to Repast Simphony,a new advanced Agent-based modeling and simulation toolkits,group hierarchical modeling structure is applied to promote collaborative modeling for experts,and Score meta-model is implemented to facilitate combination of knowledge.As an example,a forest fire system model is developed using Repast Simphony.The model integrates knowledge from different fields such as cellular automata pattern for fire spreading and network coordination pattern for fire fighting.The simulation results show the influence of these patterns towards the development tendency of the forest fire system.Repast Simphony can effectively support Agent-based modeling and simulation for complex systems with intersections between disciplines.


The first report of the Commonwealth Consultative Committee for South and Southeast Asia (the Colombo Plan) was released in May 1952. The Korean conflict, it was noted, had had the short-term effect of improving the balance of trade of countries in the area through increasing volume and prices of exports. As a result, the trade deficits expected when the original plans were drawn up, turned out to be surpluses; increased volume of public revenue had enabled governments to spend more on development projects, in some cases financed wholly from their own resources. Expenditures of the first year of the plan had been appreciably greater than in 1950–1951. Since the end of 1951, however, economic conditions had again changed. Terms of trade were less favorable with a decline in export prices for raw materials. Government contributions for 1952–1953, therefore, were expected to be smaller than in 1951–1952. At the same time, planned expenditures for 1952–1953 were greater than before, due partly to increased costs and partly to additional projects. Unless conditions became "very adverse", there was a "reasonable expectation" that next year's program would be successfully completed; finances were expected to come from accumulated budget surpluses, internal loans, increased private savings, private foreign investments and loans from other governments and from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. As for future years, the report noted that success would depend in part on the determination of the countries involved, careful planning of projects, continuance of the cooperative spirit in which the plan was begun, and technical and capital assistance.


Citizens have the right to inform and to be informed; it contributes to social cohesion and construction of citizenship (Castells, 2010). That is why access to quality information and to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for citizens' participation, have a priority importance if it is intended that citizens are to take an active role in day-to-day responsibility to help social, economic, political and cultural development processes (Caceres, 2014). However, the development of technologies to improve relations between governments and citizens does not automatically increase democratic practices and citizens' participation (Moreno-Sarda, 2012).
This research aims to contribute to knowledge about the role of public information and communication in a social accountability process, in promoting sustainability and democratization. Considering public communication as the ways politics is communicate to the public (Blumer and Gurevitch, 1995, p. 1) but also, how politicians and the public participate in the communication processes that take part in public institutions and politics. To do that we analyze local governments of Spain and their official web sites, focusing on the resources and the communication practices that aim to help boost citizens' participation. We use the geographical e-tool "The Infoparticip@ Map" an innovative tool whose purpose is to motivate governments to make improvements in transparency and citizens' engagement.
The results show a significant development of public information in 230 city councils including the Autonomous Communities of Andalucia, Aragon, Canarias, Galicia y Madrid.
Keywords: Infoparticip@ Map; Public Communication; Social Accountability; Transparency; Spain


I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Ohio. (1933-2005). Separating out "permanent" from "cyclical" murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Ohio creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Ohio. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf, New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf. Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf., and Arkansas. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.


This article presents a highly efficient buck converter with sub-nW quiescent power and wide dynamic range for ultra-low-power (ULP) Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems-on-chip (SoCs). To optimize the SoC power consumption and performance, this buck converter supports fast dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and fast load-transient response (FLTR) using an asynchronous control scheme. To achieve robust and high-efficiency power delivery over process, voltage, and temperature variations, an adaptive deadtime controller (ADTC) is proposed with minimized area and power overhead. The power stage and gate drivers are optimized by a length split technique and a strong-up weak-down (SuWd) scheme to achieve low quiescent power. In addition, the buck converter is fully self-contained with a bias generator (BG), clock, and power-on-reset (PoR) integrated on-chip. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, measurement results show that the buck converter achieves 802-pW quiescent power and 93% peak efficiency at 1.5-V input voltage. The measured dynamic range is from 0.5 to 2.75 mW, which is over six orders of magnitude. The measured voltage droop is 56 mV for a 45-nA-to-1-mA load current step and DVFS up- and down-tracking takes 10.57 and $19.81~\mu \text{s}$ for an 88- and 92-mV reference step, respectively. This sub-nW buck converter integrates fast DVFS and FLTR features with a wide dynamic range making it suitable for ULP IoT applications.


"TkURING the past 20 years we have seen the ¦"-^ emergence of a small library dealing with sociocultural aspects of health and illness. A great deal of credit for this accomplishment is due to the Russell Sage Foundation of New York,f which commissioned numerous studies and offered fellowships to sociologists to join hospital and clinical settings as team members in the treatment of individuals and groups. This concern has also helped to create the specialty of "medical sociology". A new quarterly journal, the Journal of Health and Human Behavior,% deals in large part with the approach under discussion.


THE King Kleagle, Pacific Domain, of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan warmed to his theme. We are facing now, he said in I922, "the ultimate perpetuation or destruction of free institutions, based upon the perpetuation or destruction of the public schools." To defend the common school "is the settled policy of the Ku Klux Klan and with its white-robed sentinels keeping eternal watch, it shall for all time, with its blazing torches a signal fires, stand guard on the outer walls of the Temple of Liberty, cry out the warning when danger appears and take its place in the front rank of defenders of the public schools."' The Kleagle and his hooded colleagues had just helped persuade the citizens of Oregon to pass an initiative requiring all children between eight and sixteen to attend public schools and essentially outlawing private elementary schools. Now they were awaiting a court test of the law by their opponents. Their short-lived triumph and the monumental decision of the United States Supreme Court in I925 (Sisters v. Pierce) ruling the law unconstitutional together form an illuminating case study of the purposes and limits of compulsory public education. Grotesque though it may be to see the KKK as defenders of the common school, the Oregon adventure in education merely exaggerated certain patterns prevalent in our social and educational history of the last century. Nativism, ioo per cent Americanism, anti-Catholicism, distrust of the rich and well-born, political and moral fundamentalism-these were hardly new. But in the 1920'S, fundamentalists of all stripes felt a peculiar sense of urgency, of anxiety, of displacement. (The names of the days in the Ku Klux Kalendar suggest the mood: "Desperate, Dreadful, Desolate, Doleful, Dismal, Deadly, Dark."2)


Comparing the Songs of Chu with the style of philosophers in pre-Qin period,the languages of the Songs of Chu have great characteristics and its tautology is one of the characteristics.Based on tautology,by using grammar analysis as main method,this paper examines the Songs of Chu from the perspective of component of morpheme of tautology,subordinating part of speech,grammatical function and so on.The results show that the part of speech of tautology is not simple but includes adjectives,echoic words,interjection,verb,adverb and other words and that the grammatical role of tautology is diversified and includes predicate,adverbial,complement and attributive.


We investigate the mixing of a warm enclosed space by a series of discrete gusts of cold air from a high-level opening. Initially we examine the case of a series of gusts of identical size each modelled as a turbulent buoyant thermal. We develop a model of the filling box-like flow which develops in the space and identify the key parameter in the system as the ratio between the initial gust size and the product of the height of the room and the entrainment coefficient. We find an approximate analytic solution for the evolution of the density profile within the space which is in good agreement with a full numerical solution of the governing equations. We successfully test the predictions of the model with a series of new laboratory experiments. The experiments combined with the model also provide a new independent estimate for the entrainment coefficient of a thermal, ε = 0.37 ± 0.02, based on the propagation speed of a filling box front. We then examine the mixing produced by a series of thermals of non-identical size which we characterize in terms of a mean size and coefficient of variation. We find that as the coefficient of variation increases, the density profile becomes progressively more stratified owing to the asymmetry of dilution through entrainment of large and small thermals. We discuss the implications of these results for the ventilation of a building subject to gusts of wind.


Measurement of anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb) is used for diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD). Approximately 82-100% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 60-70% of patients with Graves' disease are TgAb positive using high sensitive radioimmunoassay. In patients with subacute thyroiditis(SAT), TgAb is usually negative. Therefore, measurement of TgAb is useful to diagnose painless thyroiditis or acute worsening of Hashimoto's thyroiditis from SAT. To predict the post-partum thyroid dysfunction and thyroid dysfunction after interferon treatment, TgAb measurement is important, since patients with positive TgAb are apt to progress thyroid dysfunction.


The objectives of this experimental research were to investigate the diffusion characteristics for chloride ion of concrete subjected to sulfate attack and suggest high-resistance concrete against sulfate attack and chloride penetration. For this purpose, concretes with three types of cement such as...


This paper aims to construct a material developing approach matching to an injection moulding rejuvenation technique for cable insulation failure. The work starts from a chemical composition testing to the cable original insulation material. The applied composition should be determined by considerations of property requirements, including insulation, mechanical behaviour and environmental adaptability. In addition, a stable and standard manufacture technology should be groped to assure having a stable repair quality. Finally, proper material should be verified by testing for meeting normal the cable insulation requirements. By the above approach, typical material development is performed and the results by a code-based insulation property testing reveal the present approach has successfully been applied to develop a proper material matching to injection moulding rejuvenation technique for cable insulation failure.


A set of pot experiments was conducted under plastic house conditions at the nursery of Hort. Res. Inst., Giza, Egypt during 2007 and 2008 seasons to detect the response of 10-12 cm long semi-hardwood stem cuttings of Ficus deltoidea Jack taken at the last week of February to a basal quick-dip for only 10 seconds in the hydro-alcoholic solutions of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at the rates of 0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm levels, with benzyladenine (BA) at the concentration of 100 ppm or without (0.0 ppm). The obtained results indicated that all treatments significantly increased rooting (%), No. roots/ cutting, root length (cm) and the percent of rooting efficiency index (REI %). Transplant height (cm), No. branches and leaves/transplant, as well as leaves, stem and roots fresh and dry weights (g) were also improved in response to dipping in solutions of the various growth regulators used in this study. Total carbohydrates content (mg/g dry weight) was greatly increased in the leaves of treated transplants, while total indoles and total phenols were significantly decreased with the notice that the rate of decrement in total phenols content was higher than that induced in total indoles content. In general, NAA treatments gave better results than 2,4-D ones, whereas participation of BA (100 ppm) with the aforementioned auxins resulted additional improvements in some parameters unlike some others. However, the prevalence in most of the previous measurements was for the combined treatment between 6000 ppm NAA and 100 ppm BA. Hence, it is recommended to get the best rooting with high quality of the new formed vegetative growth.


Needs for RTOS memory protection is growing due to recent trends in largescale, and high functional software. As RTOS compromises the core of software architecture, RTOS engineers are often faced with high levels of quality requirements. Despite the high and complicated requirements, not much has been clarified about the test process and method, or the test scale for memory protection. By adopting a new test method for AUTOSAR specification based RTOS, the present paper introduced the test process for memory protection, test method, as well as the effectiveness of the test procedure.


Although intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) preparations may be derived from tens of thousands of donations, the residual risk of viral contamination of recovered plasma appears remarkably low, at least for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Consequently, most pools are unlikely to contain these viruses although the situation is not as well understoof for US‐derived source plasma. In addition, routine preparation methods are likely to eliminate infectivity from the relatively fragile HIV. Current plasma screening measures arc generally designed to maintain reasonable titres of anti‐HBs in pools, perhaps contributing to the absence of HBV infection. The situation with respect to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not well understood and it appears that sensitive screening for anti‐HCV may have had an impact on the safety of at least one IVIG preparation. The implementation of effective viral inactivation procedures is expected to eliminate any further risk of HCV infection from IVIG preparations.


The spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in water, sediment and fish (dry weight basis) of Buriganga River, Bangladesh were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In water concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr varied seasonally and spatially from 58.17 to 72.45I¼g/L, 7.08 to 12.33I¼g/L, 7.15 to 10.32I¼g/L, 107.38 to 201.29I¼g/L and 489.27 to 645.26I¼g/L, respectively. Chromium was the most abundant in the water of Balughat during pre-monsoon, whereas, Cd was the most scarce in the water of Shawaryghat during monsoon. The sediment also showed spatial and temporal variation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr ranged from 64.71 to 77.13 mg/kg, 2.36 to 4.25 mg/kg, 147.06 to 258.17 mg/kg, 21.75 to 32.54 mg/kg and 118.63 to 218.39 mg/kg, respectively. Among all the metals studied in sediment, Ni was the highest at Foridabad during pre-monsoon and Cd was the lowest at Shawaryghat during monsoon. In six species of fish studied, the concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr varied seasonally from 8.03 to 13.52 mg/kg, 0.73 to 1.25 mg/kg, 8.25 to 11.21 mg/kg, 3.36 to 6.34 mg/kg and 5.27 to 7.38 mg/kg, respectively. Of the five metals studied Pb concentration was the highest in Gudusia chapra during monsoon, in contrast, Cd concentration was the lowest in Cirrhinus reba during post-monsoon. Some of the heavy metals' concentrations are higher than the recommended value, which suggest that the Buriganga is to a certain extent a heavy metal polluted river and the water, sediment and fish are not completely safe for health.


The present investigation was carried out with the objectives to study the effect of keeping time period on acidity of fruit juices and determination of fungal growth in fruit juices. Only those fruit juice samples were taken for study which are mostly consumed by the common people for their health issue. Ten fruit juice samples (orange, pomegranate, mosambi, green grapes, purple grapes, lemon, mango, apple, pineapple and papaya)were taken for study. These fruits were brought to the laboratory for measuring the pH and titratable acidity in fruit juices and also identifying the fungal growth in fruit juices. The results of the present study revealed that that pH of fruit juices increased during storage. Keeping time period affects the titratable acidity of different fruit juices. Titratable acidity increased with increasing keeping time period. Fungi were isolated from all the fruit juices which were stored for specific keeping time periods ( 0 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs and 48 hrs). The isolates were characterized and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and species of Rhizopu s and Mucor .


Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics at reasonable temporal and spatial resolutions is required to improve hydrological understanding and modelling. However, in the Mediterranean area, considered as one of the most vulnerable areas to global change, there is a severe lack of detailed soil moisture data sets. The objective of this study is to investigate the inter‐annual and intra‐annual spatial and temporal distributions of soil moisture in a Mediterranean mountain area, using the detailed hydrological data set gathered in the Vallcebre Research catchments (NE Spain). With the use of time‐domain reflectometry, soil moisture was measured weekly between 1998 and 2003 at eight representative profiles. Time series of soil moisture showed a clear seasonal pattern. Results obtained revealed that soil moisture on hillslopes under forest cover was lower than in downslope areas covered with grasses. However, differences were not persistent through the year but were minimal during the driest and wettest conditions and maximal during the drying and wetting‐up periods. During the wetting‐up and drying‐down periods, the soil moisture distribution depended mainly on local controls. However, during wet conditions, soil moisture patterns were controlled by nonlocal factors that limited the vegetation‐related variability of soil moisture. In this mountain area, forest cover is likely to increase as the climate changes, which will most probably reduce the average soil moisture at the catchment scale as well as its spatial variability. These changes may ultimately be seen as a threat to the future of water resources in this area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract In work over a period of 8 years, dermatophytes were recovered from 12 animal species in the North Island of New Zealand. A total of 552 dermatophytes were isolated and belonged to the Microsporum (6 species) and Trichophyton (6 species) genera. Some unusual isolations are reported: Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes were recovered from calves; Microsporum distortum from a dog, which was the first known isolation from an animal in the North Island; four horses, from the same stable, yielded Microsporum equinum which has not previously been recorded in this country; Trichophyton erinacei was recovered from lesions on a cat which is the first report of the dermatophyte from an animal other than the dog, hedgehog or man; Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum was a rare isolation from a dog. Species affinity was demonstrated with the dermatophytes M. canis; M. nanum; M. equinum; T. equinum; and T. verrucosum. These zoophilic species appear to be passed between ind...


In this paper I investigate some aspects of the syntax and interpretation of what has been traditionally called the gerund form in modern Romanian. I provide evidence that this verbal form behaves like a present participle, being always verbal in nature and never occurring in argumental positions. In this, I follow the line of previous studies which analyse the gerund as an exclusively verbal form (Caragiu 1957, Grammatica Academiei 1963). But I define the participial construction as an Aspect Phrase. I argue that -ind constructions are reduced clausal constituents headed by the functional category Aspect (Asp). Their entire cluster of semantic and syntactic properties follows from the proposed analysis, in conjunction with independently motivated principles of grammar.


The emergence of colorectal cancer cells is associated with the inactivation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) gene which increases the activity of ß-catenin, one of which is due to oncomiRNA (cancer-inducing microRNA). miR-135a/b-5p and miR-494-3p were thought to be involved in silencing the APC gene and increasing cell proliferation and could potentially be used as anti-miR targets. However, there is a need for an in-depth evaluation of the involvement of the oncomiR as a therapeutic target in preventing the formation of CRC. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the mechanism of inhibition of oncomiR hsa-miR-135a/b, and has-miR-494-3p against APC in the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. This research was conducted through in silico analysis using a web-based application to describe the stability of the secondary structure, binding position on mRNA, and conserved nucleotides that support biological activity. The data obtained were then used to develop miRNA interaction networks with APCs on the CRC-associated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. This study suggests that miR-135a-5p, and miR-135b-5p probably evolved earlier in the evolutionary evolution of the conserved oncomiR CRC in various vertebrate species, whereas miR-494-3p is more conserved and commonly found in mammals. The biological activity of miR-494-3p is likely to be more stable and patent to bind to APC gene mRNA and trigger CRC cell proliferation. Furthermore, miR-135a/b-5p and miR-494-3p have the potential to be developed as targets for anti-miR-based transcriptomic therapy as well as for early diagnosis of CRC development. Anti-miR therapy will likely need to involve more than 1 miRNA, as each gene has more than 1 miRNA binding site.
HIGHLIGHTS
Important findings in this study include:

Adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) gene silencing in CRC cases correlates to oncomiR activity of miR-135a/b-3p and miR-494-3p
miR-494 tends to inhibit the translation of APC mRNA more strongly than miR-135a/b-5p represented by lower context++ score in mRNA binding simulation
In some cases, CRC formation was also caused by silencing activity by oncomiRs, such as miR-135a-5p, miR-135b-5p and miR-494-3p which inhibited APC gene mRNA translation
This study suggests that miR-135a-5p, and miR-135b-5p likely evolved earlier in the evolution of conserved CRC development in various vertebrate species, whereas miR-494-3p is more conserved and common in mammals
Based on the biological activity miR-494-3p is likely to be more stable and potent to bind to the mRNA of the APC
miR-135a/b-5p and miR-494-3p is potentially developed as targets for transcriptomic anti-miR-based therapy as well as for early diagnosis of CRC development

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Virtually everyone reports to a boss, a board, or an oversight committee and many of us report to more than one. In my position as Editor of the Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, I serve at the pleasure of the Officers and Directors of the WOCN Society. The Journal is a significant benefit for WOCN members (part of your Society dues pay for an annual subscription), and it is part of the Society's estate (along with other enduring legacies). In addition to reporting regularly to the leadership of the WOCN, I believe it proper to report to the larger board, our subscribers. Reports to the WOCN Board, as you might expect, largely focus on matters of administrative process, costs, and profits. In contrast, my report to you, our readers, will primarily focus on the editorial process, followed by a call for papers designed to provide some insights into the priorities for Volume 35, which will begin with Issue 1 in January, 2008.


The Kac–Moody generators are realized as the central extension of the loop group generators. The exact expression for the central extension is obtained from the Wess–Zumino zero-cochain density via the descent equations of group cohomology.


Background: Haller cells (HCs) are anatomical variations, which observed as incidental findings on CT scan of paranasal sinuses, which may contribute to sinusitis. Medial aspect of orbital floor and lateral to the maxillary infundibulum is common location, which causes recurrent maxillary sinusitis. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of HCs and to see its association with ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis. Materials and Methods: This Hospital based retrospective study was conducted in Department of Radiology, RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar. In this study, CT images of 680 patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Overall prevalence of HC was 15.6%, of which 74.2% of cells was associated with maxillary sinusitis. Large sized HCs and ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis showed an association. However, small and medium size of HCs and ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis not showed any association. Conclusion: The present study may conclude that presence of HCs cannot be attributed to maxillary sinusitis, size of the air cell should be considered, these are the anatomical variations associated with maxillary sinus pathologies. HCs may be one of the causes for sinusitis. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


Experimental total cross sections of 280 keV gamma rays are determined because of the inadequacy of the available data for Pb, Pt and Sn. Satisfactory agreement is observed between experimental values and theoretical values, computed with the latest data on photoelectric coherent and incoherent scattering cross sections.


For years, open government data (OGD) initiatives have been implemented as a suitable tool for improving service delivery and facilitating democracy. Being an initiative that requires input from all government agencies and state corporations, proper planning of the implementation process is required. This requires formulation of supportive laws and policies, or ammendment of those that restrict open access to information without breach of security. For these policies and laws to be effectively implemented, there is need for political support from the highest governing authority, which then cascades to the relevant agencies for implementation. This support needs to be continuous with supporting structures that ensure continuity even after change of government. This realisation came about after analysing the case of Kenya Open Data Initiative (KODI) implementation, which has been having inconsistent development. Some of the desired outcomes of KODI include sustainability of the initiative, service delivery improvement and formation of new public-private partnership models. Unfortunately, it has been affected by factors such as change of government, change of the constitution, and laws that prohibit publication of certain information to the public. In an attempt to resolve this challenge, this study aims at identifying the causal mechanisms that enable proper institutionalisation of this initiative. This will be achieved through the critical realism lens, as it helps in investigating both the ontological and epistemological aspects, and generalizing and predicting causes and effects.


Through collecting the basketball match statistics of World Championships and Olympic Games of 1998 to 2006 years,statistical information is for the data of 16 technical statistical indexes of 80 team-samples, by the statistical methods of factor analysis,it is established the factor model of basketball team athletics performance expression to analyze and compare the conditions of the match teams,then sum up the structure feature of strong team and the way to win.Through more longitudinal comparison of the factor feature of 4 class Chinese male basketball teams since 2000,it is analyzed the development condition in recent years so as to make positive suggestion for the construction of Chinese male basketball team.


Strontium hexaferrites were prepared in powder form by sol-gel auto-ignition technique and Pb was doped in different concentrations to attain the various compositions Sr 1-x Pb x Fe 12 O 19 ( x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20). Sintering treatment of the samples was made at 800 o C for the development of stable hexagonal phase. X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples was carried out for the confirmation and determination of crystal structure of the material. Data obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis helped in determining various parameters of the samples like lattice parameters, volume of the unit cell, crystallite size, bulk density of the samples, X-ray density and porosity of the samples. Keywords: Ferrites; Sol-gel method; X-Ray diffraction; Crystal structure. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11578 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 235-244 (2013)


The karyomorphological analysis of Solanum viarum Dunal showed the somatic chromosome count to be 2n=24 with n=12 normal bivalents which corroborates previous report. The chromosomes are small with an average size 2.54 ±0.18μm having karyotype formula 2A+4B+12C+6D. The karyotype is symmetric in nature and falls under "1A" of Stebbins symmetric index. The somatic chromosome count and constancy of the karyotype recorded in the present population could be utilised in exploiting cytological and karyomorphological variability among the ecotypic populations of the species.


In this research work it has been estimated absorbed dose to the thyroid of a newborn during uptake studies, through the analysis of the biokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals containing I123 /I125/I131 (yoduros) y Tc99m (Pertecnetato).
Using the formalism MIRD Cristy and Eckerman representation-neonatal thyroid, it is shown that the dose absorbed by the gland due to emissions of I123 /I125/I131 (Iodide) is its self doses, given by 39.4 mGy / MBq , 2788.3 mGy / MBq and 5288.3 mGy / MBq respectively; dosimetric contribution of bodies that are part of its biokinetics (excluding the thyroid), is not significant in the estimated dose.
The dose absorbed by the gland due to emissions of Tc99m (Pertecnetato) is 0.328 mGy / MBq; 7.14% of such contributions dosimetric dose corresponds to bodies that are part of its biokinetics and is significant in the estimated dose to be ignored.
Similarly, no significant results reported to have found the scheme MARINELLI (auto dose) thyroid represented by a sphere of 1.27 grams differences


Abstract : An off-plane Eagle mounting has been employed in the design and construction of a one meter vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer. Either film or photoelectric detection can be used from below 120 nm in the vacuum ultraviolet to 650 nm in the visible. Resolution of 0.016 nm (measured as full width at half height) has been attained in the second order. The combination of spectral range, resolution and choice of detection make the instrument applicable to many areas of research at a reasonable price. The mechanical design is simplified for ease of construction in small machine shops. Complete mechanical drawings and parts list are included. (Author)


STUDIES MADE TO DETERMINE IF THE SEA BED SOILS COULD RESIST THE LOADS OF THE 200,000 TON, 160,000 CUBIC METER CAPACITY OIL STORAGE TANK, CONCLUDED THAT SAFETY FROM SLIDING MAY BE ASSURED BY INCREASING ITS WEIGHT AND SLIGHT CHANGE IN THE DESIGN OF THE BOTTOM. THE "FINITE ELEMENT METHOD" IN COMPUTER ANALYSIS WAS USED IN A SECOND SAFETY STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE TANK AND ITS FOUNDATION. CALCULATIONS AND LABORATORY DATA WHICH INDICATED A GRADUAL SETTLING OF THE TANK AND A DECREASE IN ROCKING, CONFIRMS THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED IN EARLIER INVESTIGATIONS. FIELD WORK WITH A PENETROMETER WHICH CAN BE USED 70 METERS DEEP AND LABORATORY TESTS OF THE STRENGTH OF SAND UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOADING ARE BEING CONDUCTED. INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE SETTLEMENT OF THE TANK, DUE TO ITS OWN WEIGHT AND THE MOVEMENT CARRIED BY WAVES, ARE BEING INSTALLED. PRESSURE BETWEEN SAND GRAINS IN THE WATER WILL ALSO BE MEASURED.


identity politics in Africa will find this volume particularly insightful. The volume's chapters speak to and complement recent publications that have focused on themes these individual chapters raise that emphasize the importance of context in studying African politics. The volume however could have been strengthened by applying its analytical frame on the international relations of Africa and coups and unconstitutional changes of government in Africa.


The paper discusses application of multi-branch equivalent model employing Cauer circuits for analysis of electromagnetic transducers. The effectiveness of proposed approach has been demonstrated on the example of analysis of a wireless power transmission system (WPTS) performance. A method of formulating an equivalent model of the system using the 'reduced' field model, optimization algorithms and equivalent first and second order Cauer circuits has been proposed. A comparative analysis of the calculation results obtained on the basis of the proposed equivalent model (EqM) and the detailed finite element model (FEM) field model have performed. The selected results of simulation calculations are presented and discussed.


This invention relates to rotary means equipped with multistage fans having excellent air suction and discharge effect. The multistage fans are spaced from each other disposed perpendicularly in a multistage manner. When such rotary means is disposed in a chamber and the multistage fan are rotated in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, air pressure within the chamber gets reduced or pressurized at a balanced level. Thus, the chamber can be used for heating and drying purposes.


The present invention relates to the ability of the electrolyte solution and present in the electrolyte directly from the site (or similar type) lithium ions through the reaction of the battery separator battery cell (battery cell) gelation (gelling). This procedure is generally possible because the appropriate electrolyte formulation (formulation) suitable nanofibers in the battery separator structure shown the possibility of swelling in the presence of presence. In this way, it is possible to generate electric power and to provide a gel lock-in the electrolyte prior to inserting the battery cell without gelling externally battery separator for long-term viability. Such a battery and method of use of the battery, which includes automatic gelling battery separator / electrolyte combination is also within the present invention.


Mutational analysis and immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IFM) are recommended as the laboratory tools of choice for diagnosing EB. In the past, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was considered the gold standard, and more recently, clinical diagnostic matrix (CDM) has shown good concordance with next‐generation sequencing (NGS).


This tutorial aims at acquainting its audience with ongoing standardization
activities around the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT), and provide
hands-on experience through the OpenWSN and OpenMote ecosystems. OpenWSN
was founded in 2010 and together with the OpenMote platform, which was
launched in 2014, it has become the de-facto open-source implementation of
IEEE802.15.4 Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH). TSCH is the standard
at the heart of the IIoT, which enables ultra-high reliability and lowpower
operation. This tutorial is tailored to the level of practicing
engineers and advanced researchers who are interested in IIoT, as well as
hands-on experience.


1 Giannitsis E, Muller-Bardorff M, Kurowski V, et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac troponin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2000; 102:211– 217 2 Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Olschewski M, et al. Importance of cardiac troponins I and T in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2002; 106:1263– 1268 3 Kucher N, Wallmann D, Carone A, et al. Incremental prognostic value of troponin I and echocardiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2003; 24:1651–1656 4 Kucher N, Goldhaber SZ. Cardiac biomarkers for risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2003; 108:2191–2194 5 Pruszczyk P, Bochowicz A, Torbicki A, et al. Cardiac troponin T monitoring identifies high-risk group of normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 2003; 123: 1947–1952 6 Coma-Canella I, Gamallo C, Martinez Onsurbe P, et al. Acute right ventricular infarction secondary to massive pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 1988; 9:534–540 7 Pruszczyk P, Szulc M, Horszczaruk G, et al. Right ventricular infarction in a patient with acute pulmonary embolism and normal coronary arteries. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:1110– 1111 8 Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet 1999; 353:1386–1389 9 Ribeiro A, Lindmarker P, Juhlin-Dannfelt A, et al. Echocardiography Doppler in pulmonary embolism: right ventricular dysfunction as a predictor of mortality rate. Am Heart J 1997; 134:479–487


[ Abstract ] In this paper, to support decision making in bridge maintenance, an approach by damage hierarchy analysis is proposed. Firstly, by ISM, the relations between causes and effects of bridge damages are discribed as hierarchy. Secondly, each link of hierarchy is given a numerical value as the influence of damage factor, and analysis is made by SAD. Finally, the repair alternatives are evaluated by Al-IP. The presented approach is realized by successive application of different analysis method to a problem on a personal computer system.


Integrated vector management especially for Aedes aegypti mosquito is a priority to control the transmission of dengue fever. An effective and environment friendly insecticide is needed. This study aims to find the effective dose of vector control material for Ae. aegypti. Nanosilver nitrate used as a material for mosquitoes insecticide caused it has greater potential to enter through the pore of nervous system of Ae. aegypti. This field research used adult mosquitoes Ae. Aegypti for toxicity test. The total samples were 200. The toxicity test of organophosphate compounds, at concentration 3.5 mg/L as many as 60% mosquitoes were death. Toxicity test of synthesis two compounds on concentration 3.5 (organophospat) + 0.5 (Ag2NO3) mg/L there was 100%. Treatment synthesis of nanosilver with organophopat is more effective than only organophospat compounds. based on the Ae. Aegypti LC50 of organophosphate was 7.81 mg/L meanwhile LC50 for the synthesis of silver nitrate nanoparticle with organophosphate were 5.59 mg/L. Nanosilver nitrate has the potential as a synthetic material or substitute for organophosphate.
How to cite this article:Raharjo M, Subagio A, Sulistyani, Aryanti Y. Synthesis of Nanosilver Nitrate for Vector Control (Aedes Aegypti) in Banjarnegara, Central Java (Case of Endemic Area DHF Banjarnegara). J Commun Dis 2021; 53(1): 62-66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202110


From an historical perspective, the Spanish lexicon consists of three different categories: (1) its historical core of words inherited from the Latin spoken in the Roman province of Hispania; (2) loanwords that entered Spanish over its long history as a result of contact at the levels of both oral and written discourse with other languages; and (3) words created internally through such mechanisms of derivational morphology as suffixation, prefixation, compounding, back-formations, and so on. Over the last 150 years, specialists in the history of the Spanish language have studied in considerable detail all three sources of lexical material. Although most of the lexical items inherited from spoken Latin have cognates in many (in some cases, all) of the Romance languages, Spanish has preserved some words that live on only in Spanish (and neighboring Portuguese) or only in Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian, the geographical extremes of the Romance-speaking world, far removed from the centers of linguistic innovation. As a result of language contact, loanwords from the pre-Roman languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Visigothic, Arabic, Gallo-Romance (northern and southern French), Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, classical Latin, native languages of the New World, and English have entered and taken root in the Spanish lexicon. Although such lexical borrowings have often been studied within a cultural framework, recent research has focused on their introduction and incorporation as examples of contact-induced language change at the level of the lexicon. Throughout its history, Spanish has increased the size of its vocabulary through the creation of neologisms through processes of suffixation, prefixation, and composition. The study of such items has traditionally been the focus of specialists in diachronic derivational morphology. This subfield constitutes in many respects an important component of diachronic lexicology. Indeed, etymology and diachronic derivational morphology are two sides of the same coin. Lexical history is not limited to the study of additions to the vocabulary. Over time, many words have fallen into disuse or have become obsolete. Some recent work on the history of the Spanish lexicon has examined the various external and internal/structural causes of lexical loss in the history of the Spanish lexicon.


A ring R with identity element 1 is called ultraconnected if for each unital homomorphism of Z into R, there is an t (f) = /( t) • 1 for every / € Z. Our main result is that if no sum of nonzero squares in R is 0 and R has only trivial idempotents, then R fails to be ultraconnected iff R contains a subring isomorphic to Z" /P for some free minimal prime ideal P of Z .


Background: Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathies (PGN) are paraneoplastic syndromes associated with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. PGN is difficult to differentiate from other forms of glomerulonephropathies and standard management of glomerulonephropathies is often ineffective. A delay in diagnosis may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. To date, no retrospective or prospective data on PGN have been published. We reviewed clinical variables, treatment, and outcome in published case reports of PGN associated with solid tumors over the past three decades. Methods: We conducted a search to identify published case reports on solid tumors associated with PGN in English PubMed-indexed journals. Keywords used included: "solid tumor", "lung cancer", "gastrointestinal cancer", "gynecological cancer", "genitourinary cancer", "paraneoplastic nephropathy," "paraneoplastic glomerulopathy," "minimal change disease," "IgA nephropathy," "membranoproliferative," "membranous," "nephropathy" and "glomerulonephropathy". Published articles from January 1st, 1987 to November 30,2019 were screened. Included were the patients who had laboratory and/or biopsy proven nephrotic syndrome in association with a solid tumor diagnosis. Results: We identified 95 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age of the patients were 58 years. The majority of the patients were male (65%). Among them, 37 (39%) were diagnosed with PGN prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Membranous nephropathy (41%) was the most common subtype, followed by minimal change disease (17%), focal segmental glomerulonephritis (14%) and IgA nephropathy (11%). Genitourinary cancers (36%) followed by lung cancers (30%), gastrointestinal cancers (15%) and gynecological cancers (13%) are the common cancers associated with PGN. Among the patients, 44 (46%) had non-metastatic tumors, 39 (41%) had metastatic tumors and 12 (13%) were unspecified. Treatment information were available for 79 of 95 (83%) patients. Overall, PGN improved in 76% of patients who received definitive or systemic therapy with or without steroid compared to 57% of patients who were treated with steroid alone. Definitive and systemic treatment alone led to improvement of PGN in 24 of 29 (83%) patients without metastasis and 13 of 17 (76%) patients with metastasis. Conclusions: PGNs associated with solid tumors are rare and can happen in both non-metastatic and metastatic cancers. Diagnosis of PGN might precede the diagnosis of cancer. Definitive or systemic anticancer therapies improved PGN in most cases and were more effective than steroid alone. Citation Format: Xiaojie Zhang, Asit K. Paul. Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathies associated with solid tumor: A review of published literature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3527.


The paper focuses on the application of folk custom forms in the construction of the three symbolic new architectures built on the Tian An Men Square around 1959 including the Monument to People's Heros,the Great Hall of the People and the Museum of Chinese Revolution and History.It discusses how folk custom forms are understood,reformed,and applied during the period of social change.Furthermore,it examines their development in contempurary society.


A brief introduction is made on the configuration, equipment level and test run of high-speed newsprint machine (PM5) in Nanping Paper Mill.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements Whole Body hot generator to raise the body temperature of a patient, the device emits heat from the heated surface (23) by the fluid. The present invention further relates to an improved method of treating cancer patient, a cancer patient, and more stress is small, yet undergo systemic high temperature state in an effective state by said improved formula systemic high temperature generator comprising the step of administering an anti-tumor agent to a patient in between.


We consider the ordered field which is the completion of the Puiseux series field over ℝ equipped with a ring of analytic functions on [−1, 1]n which contains the standard subanalytic functions as well as functions given by t‐adically convergent power series, thus combining the analytic structures of Denef and van den Dries [Ann. of Math. 128 (1988) 79–138] and Lipshitz and Robinson [Bull. London Math. Soc. 38 (2006) 897–906]. We prove quantifier elimination and o‐minimality in the corresponding language. We extend these constructions and results to rank n ordered fields ℝn (the maximal completions of iterated Puiseux series fields). We generalize the example of Hrushovski and Peterzil [J. Symbolic Logic 72 (2007) 119–122] of a sentence which is not true in any o‐minimal expansion of ℝ (shown in [Bull. London Math. Soc. 38 (2006) 897–906] to be true in an o‐minimal expansion of the Puiseux series field) to a tower of examples of sentences σn, true in ℝn, but not true in any o‐minimal expansion of any of the fields ℝ, ℝ1, …, ℝn−1.


It appears that companies' interest in achieving economic returns has made them neglect the social effects of their activities. With this imbalance in sustainability performance that causes environmental pollution and social damage, there is an urgent need to strike social sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to achieve social sustainability (SoS) by providing a proposed framework that integrates sustainable maintenance (SMA) into sustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs). Effective adoption of SMPs and SMA has a significant positive influence on SoS. Nevertheless, there are limited studies conducted on integrating SMA into SMPs and how it could impact SoS. The theoretical contribution of the present study depends mainly on expanding existing knowledge about highlighting the moderating role of SMA on the relationship between SMPs and SoS


canal-wall reconstruction techniques, or transcanal approaches, most surgical failures occur within the tympanic cavity and its hard-to-reach extensions, rather than within the mastoid. Using an endoscope enables us to see inside the facial recess, sinus tympani, and deep part of the round window niche, which are not fully visible under an operating microscope, thus leading to lower rates of cholesteatoma recurrence. These areas are minimally accessible even with extensive postauricular mastoidectomy. Microscopic surgery assisted by endoscope-guided dissection is therefore useful in such cases.


Far-infrared (FIR) laser operating at 119-micrometer-wavelength transition of methanol achieves very low drift in frequency. Continuous-wave (CW) FIR output is 1.25 W when laser pumped by 125-W commercial CO2 laser. Rate of drift of output frequency less than plus or minus 100 kHz per hour because laser designed to have low thermal-expansion coefficients and because temperatures of input and output couplers held within 0.1 degree C of fixed values.


In modern Automobile engineer, continuos development technology and improve on manufacture system are very important to the reinforcement of technology and improvement of productivity. In this study make a comparative welding methodology to make automotive trailing arm for change to welding system. A progress of test is durability test and banding fracture test for make collection of data about properties of welding system.


Numerical semigroups are combinatorial objects that are easy to define, but have rich connections to other fields. Certain families of numerical semigroups are of particular interest because of their connections to algebraic geometry. We focus on one such family known as symmetric semigroups, and analyze the rate of growth of the number of symmetric semigroups S(g) with genus g. Then, we partition semigroups of genus g by their Frobenius number, and denote by N(g, F ) the number of semigroups with genus g and Frobenius number F . We extend results from S(g) to N(g, 2g − k) for k fixed in the range 1 ≤ k ≤ g. We state a conjecture about the local behavior of the ratio S(g+1) S(g) , depending on the residue of g (mod 3). Finally, we generalize this conjecture to include N(g, 2g − k) for fixed k.


: An extension of the concept of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Index Matrix (IFIM) was introduced, called 3-dimensional Intuitionistic Fuzzy Index Matrix (3D-IFIM). In this paper will be introduced more basic operations and modal operators defined over 3D-IFIMs.


Advances in unsupervised learning have allowed the efficient learning of feature representations directly from large sets of unlabeled data instead of using traditional handcrafted features. However, improving algorithms to increase the quality of these representations in the absence of labeled data is still an area of active research. This paper evaluates visual features learned through unsupervised learning, specifically comparing regularization and preprocessing methods using Gaussian filters on a single-layer network. Using the restricted Boltzmann machine as the unsupervised learning mechanism, features emerging through training on natural videos, with different biasing and preprocessing based on Gaussian filters, are compared by metrics to measure invariance as well as classification performance on standard datasets. When Gaussian filters are convolved with adjacent hidden layer activations from a single example during training, topographies begin to emerge where adjacent features become tuned to slightly varying stimuli. 1D, 2D, and 3D topographies are compared. When a Gaussian low-pass filter is applied to activations from a single hidden node across frames drawn from video, features that are more invariant to transformations are produced. Finally, when Gaussian filters are applied to the visible nodes, images become blurrier; learning from these images also leads to invariant features. The networks are trained using the Hollywood2 video dataset, and tested on image classification of the static CIFAR-10 and STL-10 datasets. To prove that the improvements are independent of the dataset, the networks are shown to produce similar results when trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset. The induction of topography or simple image blurring via Gaussian filters during training produce better discriminative features as evidenced by the consistent and notable increase in classification results that they produce. Also, in the visual domain, invariant features are desirable such that objects can be classified accurately despite transformations. It is found that most of the compared methods produce more invariant features, however, classification accuracy does not correlate to invariance.


Thin-film polarizers are essential components of large laser systems such as OMEGA EP and the NIF because of the need to switch the beam out of the primary laser cavity (in conjunction with a plasma-electrode Pockels cell) as well as providing a well-defined linear polarization for frequency conversion and protecting the system from back-reflected light. The design and fabrication of polarizers for pulse-compressed laser systems is especially challenging because of the spectral bandwidth necessary for chirped-pulse amplification. The design requirements for a polarizer on the OMEGA EP Laser System include a Tp greater than 98% over a spectral range of 1053±4 nm while maintaining a contrast ratio (Tp/Ts) of greater than 200:1 (500:1 goal) over the same range. An allowance must be made for the uniformity of the film deposition such that the specifications are met over the aperture of the component while allowing for some tolerance of angular misalignment. Production results for hafnia/silica designs will be shown, illustrating high transmission and contrast over an extended wavelength/angular range suitable for the 8 nm spectral bandwidth of OMEGA EP. Difficulties in production will also be illustrated, as well as the methods being implemented to overcome these challenges. A key challenge continues to be the fabrication of such a coating suitable for use on fused-silica substrates in a dry environment. Laser-damage thresholds for 1-ns and 10-ps pulse widths will be discussed.


Guide to accompany an activity on the Making a Murderer series Find a list of rulings for Avery & Dassey.


Due to the arrival of technological advances, globalization, growing competition between
companies, costs of hiring, training, requiring the best performance is increasing, and one of
the most important factors for any business to survive in the market. Knowing ways to
maintain a good performance to accomplish their work, and outline best goals, is to seek
quality, success and profitability. Thus, the present study is to evaluate the principie of
administrative efficiency sporting teams participating in the championship volleyball Super
league by the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation between the years 2011 and 2012. First the
data were collected from internai company reports CBV for the analysis variables were
chosen then was applied to Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to normalize the data, and
comparing the resulting perceived outcome of the teams. Sought to base the study on concepts
of indicators and studies of evolution of the sport as a business.


In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion on various mechanisms collectively controlling the spatiotemporal characteristics of a patterned dielectric barrier discharge. High-speed images correlated with current pulse phases show that the square pattern is composed of two interleaving square sublattices with a time-reversal symmetric discharge order, whose spatial and temporal stabilities are explained by surface-charge–induced activation-inhibition mechanism. Images of 100 ns order demonstrate the localized synchronicity of the development of one single sublattice, which may be attributed to photo-ionization. Through the investigation of light emissions of the two sublattices, a surface-charge sharing mechanism is proposed, which is also responsible for the stability of the patterned discharge.


The capacitance isolation device is a kind of effective suppression of DC bias in transformers caused by HVDC monopolar operation. However, according to the actual operation of the system, the capacitive isolation device at the neutral point of a transformer will probably cause more serious DC bias in other adjacent transformers while inhibiting its internal bias current at the same time. Since autotransformers are applied widely in the high-voltage network, in this paper, we considered the structural characteristics of it and introduced the concept of effective bias current to describe the influence of magnetic bias current on the transformer more accurately. Then, the authors choose the bias current at any substations in the target grid less than the limit value as the constraint condition. Aiming at the minimum number of installed capacitors, the genetic algorithm based on improved niche is used to solve the optimal configuration problem. Taking the Ethiopia power grid as a test case, the authors work out the optimal quantity and installed location of capacitance isolation devices which satisfy the constraint condition. Compared with the traditional method, the cost is greatly reduced.


Abstract The magnitude and distribution of incoming shortwave solar radiation (SW↓) has significant influence on the productive capacity of forest vegetation. Models that estimate forest productivity require accurate and spatially explicit radiation surfaces that resolve both long- and short-term temporal climatic patterns and that account for topographic variability of the land surface. This paper presents a validation of monthly average total (SW↓t) and diffuse ( SW↓df ) incoming solar radiation surfaces taken from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery for a mountainous region of the Pacific northwestern United States and Canada. A topographic solar radiation model based on a regionally defined clearness index was used to downscale the 32-km NARR SW↓t surfaces to 1 km, resulting in surfaces that better matched the spatial resolution of MODIS, as well as accounted for elevation and terrain effects including shadowing. Va...


The 2019 elections in Argentina, held at both the provincial and national levels, gave rise to a campaign style centered on the closeness between party leaders and their electors. Indexical images – whether static or in movement, and regardless of the devices used to capture and broadcast them – are relevant units of observation for examining a design grammar that privileges the potential and power of political candidates over the specifics of their government plans. Our study seeks to detect – in visual and audiovisual ads by the Frente de Todos coalition – a style of communication that places politicians and civilians on an equal plane, along with the secular elements and spaces that connote the entirety of these representations. To this end, we amassed two corpora of images: one depicting Alberto Fernandez, the presidential candidate; and another showing Axel Kicillof, who ran for Governor of Buenos Aires Province. We assessed them individually and compared them through a methodological process known as the "principle of differentiation." We sought to recognize the compositional logic behind the images used for political campaigns in Argentina, which we believe form a system alongside the typical linguistic discourses employed in electoral contexts.


There are many well-known causes of acute or sub-acute intestinal obstruction. But Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare cause and can easily be misdiagnosed. PCI refers to presence of air within the wall of small or large intestine. This benign disease having both idiopathic and secondary causes with different contributing pathogenic factors that confuses many doctors. In most of the time it is asymptomatic, but clinical signs and imaging impressions may mimic true abdominal visceral perforation or soft tissue stranding leads to mechanical obstruction. PCI is sometimes incidentally found during radiological evaluation, endoscopic procedure or laparotomy. Surgery is not recommended for PCI if there was no intestinal obstruction, because of high operative risk. So correct diagnosis is imperative as treatment of PCI is generally conservative. We are presenting a case of intestinal obstruction who underwent to laparotomy followed by the histopathological diagnosis as a case of PCI.
 KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 03, October 2022: 177-180


By estimating a staggered price model over the period 1980Q1 to 2010Q2, this article documents that, after the euro changeover, Italian retailers have increased the number of price adjustments, which has translated into a higher inflation rate, with a detrimental effect on the competitiveness of the Italian economy.


In this work, magnesium powders of different grain sizes were synthesized by mechanical milling for periods ranging from 0.5 to 30 h. Subsequent to milling, powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 550 ℃ for 10 min. Before and after sintering, microstructural changes were investigated by analytical methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray spectrometer, optical and electron microscopy. Analyses showed that nanocrystalline sizes were achieved by mechanical milling for milling times exceeding 5 h. Additionally, it was recognized that grain growth occurred during sintering, but to a limited extent. Mechanical test results displayed reasonable improvements in both compressive yield strength and hardness values with increasing milling times up to 5 h, where these reached their maximum values (245.5 MPa and 75.9 HV). The enhancement in these properties with increased milling time up to 5 h was attributed to both the extent of grain refinement and the formation of MgO together with incorporation of Fe particles, originating from the milling process, into the matrix. On the other hand, a substantial decrease in yield strength and hardness values in the samples milled in excess of 5 h were recorded, which in turn was related to the accompanying decline in bulk density of the samples. Microstructural analysis of the deformed samples revealed that grain size reduction suppressed twin formation, which elucidates the enhancement in ductility with decreasing grain size.


Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has become a globally healthy problem. The anti-hepatitis B agents have been hot topics worldwide. The comparison and evaluation of recent anti-HBV agents are made by searching related literature, and especially the progress of research on nucleoside analogues as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents is reviewed.


Opportunities for co-produced digital media find users differentially involved within emergent and unfamiliar configurations of technologies, organizations, and complex information flows. Addressing the interaction patterns and rhetorical practices of the most frequent contributors to online discussion forums in comparison to the majority of infrequent contributors, this analysis considers the contributions of each toward the structuring of online discourse. An empirical analysis found an inverse ratio between the monologues and replies of frequent contributors and those users posting a single comment. Although both groups tended to engage in interpretive practices, frequent contributors more often interacted in direct reply with others, often in sharp critique or supportive acknowledgement. These findings suggest that frequent contributors perform a significant role in the emergent structuring of online discourse.


Cell salvage is an essential element in the concept of blood management. Modern devices provide different bowl sizes and sensor‐directed programs to optimally adjust to varying clinical situations.


Barry Alpher () writes: Ephraim began the linguistics part of his career with his collaboration with Terry Klokeid in 1970. This resulted in a series of papers in a volume co-edited by Bani and Klokeid (1971; Bani 1971a-d; Bani & Paipai 1971), which comprised the first linguistically informed descriptive treatment of Western Torres Strait Island Language (Kala Lagaw Ya), and the first treatment of an indigenous language of Australia by a native speaker, involving the creation of terms in Kala Lagaw Ya for the concepts involved in grammatical analysis. Ephraim continued this work with a paper for the 1974 conference of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (Bani 1976); other papers resulting from his collaboration with Klokeid appeared in 1977, 1979, and 1981. Later in 1974, Ephraim enrolled as a student (later a teacher) at the nascent School of Australian Linguistics in Darwin (later Batchelor). At that time he developed the beginnings of his analyses of grammatical gender and of adverbials of space in Kala Lagaw Ya. These were published later as 'Garka a ipika' (1987) and 'The morphodirectional sphere' (2001). The former was the first, and is to date the only, treatment of grammar and semantics of an indigenous Australian language written in that language and published in a refereed journal. One of this paper's referees, while strongly favouring contributions by linguistically trained speakers of indigenous languages, thought that these should be, except for the language they were written in, indistinguishable from the contributions of others: in principle (in a kind of thought-experiment), the reader should not be able to guess at the author's ethnicity. The journal, to its everlasting credit, published the paper despite this referee's recommendation. The result is a marvellous contribution to the literature, unconstrained by the narrow stylistic demands of standard scholarly writing in languages with long traditions of literacy yet full of previously unreported information and insights. And, in the very best tradition of scholarly literature, it is empirically falsifiable. Ephraim's other careers included those of schoolteacher, community leader, artist and grantsman. In his later years, he was a passionate and effective worker for the establishment of the Gab Thui Cultural Centre on Thursday Island (Middleton 2004a,b). Many consider this his most important legacy. He was intellectually adventurous and a delightful conversationalist, humorist, and man-about-the-world. As a sideline he held a black belt in karate. Bruce Rigsby, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology, University of Queensland () writes: In June-August 1970, Geoff O'Grady and Terry Klokeid spent some weeks doing linguistic fieldwork at Bamaga (near the tip of Cape York Peninsula) and nearby Thursday Island. O'Grady went to Bamaga to continue work on Umpila and Kuuku Ya'u, closely related dialects of a language-complex, which he had started in the late 1950s in Sydney with the late Johnny Butcher. Klokeid met a remarkable man on TI, Ephraim Bani (from Mabuiag Island), and they began collaborative linguistic work on the Western Torres Strait Island Language or Kala Lagaw Ya. Ephraim was then 26 years old, and he had been working as a pearl-shell sorter. Ephraim and Terry wrote several items together (Bani & Klokeid 1971, 1975, 1976), and they developed an excellent practical orthography for the language. In August 1972, my family and I went north to Bamaga for four months to do linguistic fieldwork with some Lamalama people who had been removed there from their homelands in the lower Princess Charlotte Bay. I took a copy of Bani and Klokeid (1971) with me. A few weeks after our arrival, we attended the Bamaga Show, organised by the local state school, and I recall that a smiling Islander man came up and introduced himself, his wife and young son to my wife and me. …


This paper explores how middle managers develop a capacity to implement a transformation strategy consisting of series of changes originating both from corporate-level management and from their own division. Through a qualitative case study we observed how a foreign subsidiary in a Multinational Enterprise (MNE) within the telecommunications industry initiated a series of changes in a transformational strategy. We examine the practices subsidiary managers engage in to build capacity for transformational change and show that capacity is created by "hooking" various internal stakeholders within the MNE to the subsidiary strategy. First, subsidiary managers hook their transformation strategy onto the changes initiated by corporate headquarters. Secondly, they hook-up with other subsidiaries through collaborative change projects. Thirdly, they hook themselves together as a management team to ensure a shared understanding and communication through "one voice". Finally, they hook-in employees through storytelli...


By administering an IL-10 substance comprising pegylated IL-10 to an immune response of a subject having tumor-and immune-related diseases, disorders and conditions.


A new Larinus species is described from Iran which constructs a pupal chamber out-side of the host plant stems, named "trehala". Larinus trehalanus sp. n. is a fifth trehala-constructing species from this genus. The host plant is Cousinia stocksii C. Winkl. (Asteraceae). The larva builds up the trehala on the stem base and develops individually inside this trehala capsule. Then pupation and the new generation of adult emergence take place in the same niche. A description, differential diagnosis, illustration, and short ecological notes are given for the new species. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EC9A987-D77B-4618-9250-D6E6DD9C71E3


When Boston's Interstate 93 (I-93) double-decked steel-truss bridge over the Charles River was built in 1959, 75,000 vehicles traveled over it each day. On any given day in 1998, the bridge carried more than 190,000 vheicles. The new Charles River bridges--the mainline bridge and the Storrow Drive Connector bridge--are an integral part of the Central Artery/Tunnel project. These bridges, called "Big Bridge" and "Little Bridge," respectively, will replace the existing I-93 bridge. The Big Bridge, a 10-lane cable-stayed bridge due to open in 2001, holds four lanes in each direction plus two dedicated lanes for direct access to a nearby neighborhood. The Little Bridge, a four-lane box girder bridge due to open in the fall of 1999, has two lanes in each direction. The 14 lanes more than doubles existing capacity; but perhaps more importantly, the new bridges eliminate the confusion and the safety problems caused by the Byzantine web of weaving, merges, and bottlenecks. Keeping I-93 and its Charles River bridge open while building under and around it is a monumental effort. The plan calls for underpinning and transferring the load from the existing I-93 footings to the walls of the new underground tunnel that leads up to the bridge. After traffic is flowing through the tunnel and onto the new Charles River bridges, I-93 will be demolished.


This work deals with the nonhomogeneous discrete Dirichlet eigenvalue problem −∆ (( |∆u(k−1)|p1(k−1)−2+|∆u(k−1)|p2(k−1)−2 ) ∆u(k−1) ) = λ|u|q(k)−2u, k ∈ [1, T ]. Through an approach based on variational methods and critical points, intervals of a numerical parameter λ are derived for which the existence and nonexistence results are obtained. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47A75, 35B38, 35P30, 34L05, 34L30.


Social networks have been popular since a few years ago. They still attract the attentions of developers to come up with new features. In this paper we have introduced an anonymous social network based on recommending shared items. We have tried to hide the record and status of user, from sights of others via anonymity. This social network designed to recommend both content and people in respect to user's ratings. In order to evaluate our proposed recommending algorithms, we introduced two metrics based on 6 months of online user study. These metrics have been used to evaluate desirability and relevancy of recommended items.


Arabian Gulf is characterized by being nutrient-rich, which contributes to the biodiversity of marine macro- and microalgae. Marine algae are a potentially prolific source of many valuable products that may represent useful leads in developing the quality of human life. The studies on the bioactivity of marine algae in the Arabian Gulf region are very recent; thus, there are not many studies on this field. This review paper is focus on the importance of algae in various fields, and the benefit of such organisms to solve many environmental and health problems to develop the economy, and healthcare of surrounding Gulf countries by taking advantage of many common algal species present in the Arabian Gulf waters. Studies focuses on potentially using local algal species to control common environmental problems in the region such as harmful algal blooms, oil spills, and in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, they were a potential source of food and feed, and can be used in medical field for the treatment of many common diseases. This review describe researches involving the most common algal species found in Arabian Gulf contributing for the bioactive compound's isolation, for its productivity in large scale, and for its potential biotechnological applications.

 Key words: Biotechnology, Marine algae, seaweeds, algae processing, pharmacologically active compounds, algae as food, aquaculture feed, algae oil content.


Medical education has been rapidly changing. The curriculum of The Jikei University has been reformed since 1996. In this review, I explain the concepts of the reform: the introduction of a course-unit system in implementing educational activities, a comprehensive test system, and preclerkship practices (a series of out-of-university practice in years 1 to 4). Finally, I discuss future tasks for this medical school.


The effect of the magnetic and structural properties on recording performance was investigated. Well grain-isolated media were obtained by adding boron and oxygen into the [Co/Pd]n multilayer and cooling the substrate. We found that the recorded bit size could be decreased by reducing the magnetic cluster size. Twenty-flve-nm bits were successfully recorded on the improved media with a magnetic cluster size of about 30 nm.


This study mainly aimed at describing the factors associated with self‐medicated consumption of drugs in Spain from a gender perspective.


Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, hit by a scandal over failings in care and hundreds of excess deaths between 2005 and 2008, is to be dissolved, but its two hospitals will remain open under new management.

The trust has been in administration since April, when the watchdog Monitor deemed it clinically and financially unsustainable.1 It had struggled since the Healthcare Commission uncovered a catalogue of "appalling" care at Stafford Hospital.

Three special administrators sent in to deal with its burgeoning deficit and to deliver clinical and financial stability said that their final plan, published on 17 December, would see …


The graphical overlay of additional medical information over the patient during a surgical procedure has long been considered one of the most promising applications of augmented reality. While many experimental systems for augmented reality in medicine have reached an advanced state and can deliver high-quality augmented video streams, they usually depend heavily on specialized dedicated hardware. We have described a novel medical augmented reality application, which is based almost exclusively on existing, commercially available, and certified medical equipment [5]. In this paper, we show how the capabilities of a so-called image guided surgery system for tracking surgical instruments can be utilized for user interaction. Our method enables the user to define points and freely drawn shapes in 3D and provides selectable menu items, which can be located in immediate proximity to the patient. This eliminates the need for conventional touchscreen- or mousebased user interaction without requiring additional dedicated hardware like dedicated tracking systems or specialized 3D input devices. We demonstrate our new input method with an application for creating operation plan sketches directly on the patient in an augmented view.


Melody is one of the fundamental elements of tonal music represented by the listener. Its study by comparing analytic and musical comprehension theories allows to deepen the investigation of perception and representation of the musical phenomena. In the present work, different theories are correlated, proposing a new theoretical model named "Transformational Melodic Representation" (TMR). Supported in the creation of a space in which both tonal melody and the listener's psychological reality exist, established by a transformational model.


Freestanding flexible nanocomposite structures fabricated by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly are promising candidates for many potential applications, such as in the fields of thermomechanical sensing, controlled release, optical detection, and drug delivery. In this article, we review recent advances in the fabrication and characterization of different types of freestanding LbL structures in air and at air/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces, including micro‐ and nanocapsules, microcantilevers, freely suspended membranes, encapsulated nanoparticle arrays, and sealed‐cavity arrays. Several recently developed fabrication techniques, such as spin‐assisted coating, dipping, and micropatterning, make the assembly process more efficient and impart novel physical properties to the freestanding films.


Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the redox activity of iron (ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine]) (EHPG) and (ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)glycine]) (EHBG) (N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid) derivative complexes and of some N,O–salan complexes of iron. The hexadentate chelate (EHPG and EHBG) ligands varied in their substituents (polar OMe, NHAc, or lipophilic Ph), while the latter had different charge and lipophilicity. The low redox activity of these complexes is important in their potential applications as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Methods: Redox activity was assessed in the entire Haber–Weiss cycle and separately in the Fenton reaction. The spin-trapping method with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide monitored in electron paramagnetic resonance was used. The standard Mn marker was applied as a reference for quantitative analysis. Additionally, ascorbate oxidation was analyzed with UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Results: Both the Haber–Weiss cycle and in particular the Fenton reaction showed low redox activity of the studied complexes, which did not exceed 30% of [Fe(EDTA)]− or FeCl3 activity. The N,O–salan complexes expressed even lower activity, i.e. 10–20% activity of [Fe(EDTA)]−. Discussion: For the EHPG and EHBG complexes, it is likely that hydrophobicity and the possibility of H-bond formation play a major role in the resulting redox effects. For this reason, chelates equipped with phenyl groups in the majority belong to less redox-active complexes. For N,O–salan complexes, activity is not correlated with the charge of the coordination sphere, but again, the highly hydrophobic character of the groups and the non-pendant substituents capable of H-bonding that are present in these ligands limit the affinity of hydrophilic species.


The analysis of the existing biophysical representations of processes in cell membranes is made. The aim is to determine possible errors biophysical models of cells. The lack of fit of the known views of membrane processes to the law of electroneutrality is show. Model «molecular sieves», «electrogenic pump» and «gate mechanism of the separation ion in the membrane channels», assertions about the possibility of redistribution of ions between the intracellular and extracellular solutions, using ATP molecule, identified as insufficiently correct. The use of thermodynamic concepts to explain cellular processes contrary to the decisive condition for the applicability of thermodynamics. Doubts expressed for the appropriateness of the interpretation of the experience of Ussing. Namely: the proof of the presence of electrical current in the skin of the frogs in the absence of the gradient of the potential is wrong. These inconsistencies is the basis for approval of modification of biophysical representations of processes in cell membranes.


Solution NMR spectroscopy has been limited to small biological objects for a long time. Nowadays, it is unequivocally recognized that the strategy of specific isotope labeling of methyl groups in a perdeuterated protein has significantly extended the frontier of this technique. Indeed, proteins as large as 1 MDa could be investigated by NMR. Conversely, this strategy presents an important drawback consisting of the drastically reduced number of protonated probes. The project of this thesis falls within the framework of developing new methodologies to cope with this scarce structural information, relying on the simultaneous labeling of several methyl groups to increase the number of probes. For optimized combinatorial labeling, the choice of the ensemble of amino acids to label simultaneously and the precursors as well as the protocol for their incorporation have to be carefully studied. In this work, a new protocol was introduced for the scrambling-free and optimized isotopic labeling of AbId1(LV)proS methyl groups. In comparison to the "standard AbId1LV" labeling scheme, the proposed pattern induces a 2-fold decrease of number of Leu and Val NMR signals and enhances the intensity of detectable long-range nOes by a factor 4. The described protocol also permits the suppression of spurious correlations, especially harmful for structural studies based on detection/analysis of nOes. To make an efficient use of the obtained high quality NMR spectra using this protocol, assignment of the methyl groups signals is mandatory. Two strategies were then proposed. The first is suitable for systems whose molecular weight does not exceed 100 kDa. It relies on the use of isotopically linearized precursors (with different isotope topologies to discriminate each methyl group) to assign in a regio- and stereo-specific manner the isoleucine, leucine and valine methyl groups in a single step, employing an optimized "out and back" 13C-TOCSY pulse sequence. While the second, adapted to supra-molecular proteins (> 100 kDa), consists of optimizing the previously reported SeSAM approach (Sequence-Specific Assignment of Methyl groups by Mutagenesis). Indeed, thanks to the developed enriched culture medium for the specific labeling of Ala, the minimal required culture volume was significantly decreased, enabling the proteins expression in 24 well plates and their parallel purification in 96 well plates. This improved SeSAM version was estimated to allow the assignment of ca. 100 methyl cross-peaks in 2 weeks, including 4 days of NMR time and less than 2 k€ of isotopic materials. To illustrate the pertinence of using selectively protonated methyl groups, either in a single or combined fashion, several applications were presented, namely the real-time NMR study of self-assembly process of a ~0.5 MDa supra-molecular protein (PhTET-2). The use of combinatorial labeling for the detection of long-range nOes to up to 10 A (8 A) in proteins of 82 kDa (respectively 0.5 MDa) was also investigated. This same approach was exploited for the filtering of inter-monomeric long-range nOes in the same symmetrical and homo-oligomeric PhTET-2 protein.


After poly L-glutamic acid benzyl ester was synthesized and characterized the,it was used as chiral stationary phase in HPLC by coated on 3-aminopropyl silanized silica gel.The separations of six positional isomers and four racemates were achieved by the chiral stationary phase using hexane-isopropanol as the mobile phase.The results showed that poly(L-glutamic acid benzyl ester) exhibited good selectivity for positional isomers and enantiomers.


From introduction: This report presents the results of reconnaissances on the coal formations of the area of Kansas south of the Kansas River.


IN A LABOR MARKET characterized by the separation of the working casses from the land and from access to other natural resources, in addition to the giant corporate structure holding financial dominance and monopolistic positions, workers employed countervailing power to defend themselves against employers who sought to exploit the most recent immigrants. The latter were used to destroy the bulwark of association against employer exploitation established by the older immigrations in the labor market. To achieve countervailing power, the older immigrations utilized various means. In opposition to employers' economic power they could resort to two polarized means to maintain their socio-economic status in society. They are: 1) they engaged in disguised discrimination by excuding recent immigrants, or giving them segregated and/or second class membership in their established unions (it was simple to rationalize their "guilt feelings," by contending that the newer arrivals would be better served by their own unions). Or 2) the recent immigrants were absorbed into the existing house of labor. This influx of new blood, like a transfusion, reinvigorated their organizations and their movement. Furthermore, this infusion of new blood protected current and future advances even with an enlarged supply because it reduced the use of "greenhands," scabs, ("rats," "twothirders," "blackleggers"), etc., and minimized the labor reservoir that employers could use to dilute the collective power of unions in instances of confrontation.


The algorithm presented in this article is in use at the University of Pretoria academic hospitals. We have found that even though the guidelines as provided by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) are excellent, some detail such as intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) insulin adjustment are often lacking but are essential for busy ward staff and physicians in training. This protocol is aimed at treatment in the public sector and therefore does not address the use of insulin analogues in this setting. The ADA propose separate algorithms for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONKC). We have combined this into one protocol for ease of use. This protocol is for adult patients as a different algorithm is needed for paediatric patients. In the algorithm Actrapid may be replaced by Humulin R. This algorithm could probably be used in community hospitals as well.


The protective effect of the UV absorber, sodium 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole sulfonate, on the light stability of wool has been examined. The degree of protection, as measured by the reduction in the rate of photoyellowing of the fiber, is highly dependent on both the spectral composition of the light source and the pH at which the absorber is applied to the fiber. This is due mainly to traces of the deprotonated, phosphorescent form of the absorber which can sensitize the photooxidation of wool in visible light, hence counteracting the photostabilizing influence of the UV absorber.