Authoring Packages Continue to Mature Authoring system software, in general, has not experienced any radical transformations within the last year. Packages have, however, been fine-tuned and enhanced, often in response to users' feedback. And the genre as a whole has expanded due to a crossover element in certain other packages that, although not expressly designed for it, can be bent to the task of authoring courseware. New Category Added Now packages fall into three categories: authoring systems, authoring programs, and "others." Authoring systems are comprehensive. They usually include a variety of built-in editors; testing capabilities; sophisticated answer-analysis functions; comprehensive student-mastery tracking and recordkeeping features; and controls for attached hardware, such as videodisc players. In contrast, authoring programs are simpler and more narrowly focused. They basically concentrate on lesson creation. An example is PC-CAI from TexaSoft. This package, marketed as shareware, lets teachers combine text, animated graphics, color, sound and branching in lessons. The "others" category is a literal grab-bag. Desktop presentation packages are in this bag because they generate informative visuals. Another type of product, Instant Replay from Nostradamus, Inc., qualifies for the grab-bag because it memorizes and replays other programs--useful for tutorials on specific software packages. Programs best described as hypermedia construction kits--the most well-known being Apple Computer's HyperCard--are also in this category. These packages can be used to construct non-linear, multimedia, instructional materials--currently a highly visible subset of courseware. Flowcharts and Icons One current trend, largely due to feedback from educators, is an increased emphasis on icon-based lesson creation. This method involves building a flowchart of the lesson from various icons, with each icon representing a different process or function. Flowcharting is popular for several reasons. First, it makes it easy for an author to see how all the parts of a lesson fit together. Second, it's very fast. And third, it allows teachers to rough out a lesson, then go back and rearrange, fill in details, add or delete elements, etc. Many authoring systems utilize icons, including Quest from Allen Communication; Authorware from Authorware, Inc.; and IconAuthor from AimTech Corp. The newly released Version 2.1 of IconAuthor, for example, adds eight new icons, bringing the total number in its Icon Library to 45. Multimedia/Hypermedia Also gaining prominence in the field is support for multimedia courseware. More and more packages allow sound and video to be incorporated into lessons. These two elements, especially when used together, exert a powerful influence over learning. Video segments are usually pulled off a videodisc. Support features now offered by packages include frame editors, titling functions and the ability to overlay text or graphics on video. With respect to sound, many products have built-in sound editors, and some also have digital audio modules for recording and playing back audio signals. Finally, hypermedia--the combination of multimedia and the ability to jump from place to place in an intuitive fashion--is becoming more prevalent in both courseware and other software. To create hypermedia applications, users need a construction kit. Apple's HyperCard for the Macintosh is one. Now there is also a similar product for DOS machines called LinkWay from IBM Corp. and one for Apple II and Laser 128 computers called the Tutor-Tech Hypermedia Toolkit from Techware Corp. A very sophisticated example of hypermedia at work in education is HyperPath. This multimedia learning and reference system was developed by Dr. Daniel Alonso for Cornell University's medical college. …


Two different configurations of a 7-point lean direct injector array were investigated. Chemiluminescence images of C2* or CH* were collected during combustion tests for insight on flame structure for the two configurations. Several inlet conditions were tested by varying the equivalence ratio or reference velocity. For the center right-hand 60 ̊ and outer right-hand 52 ̊ outers, the chemiluminescence emanating from the central pilot appeared well isolated from the outers. At the same time, a hollow region below the pilot showed little fluctuation of chemiluminescence where a central recirculation zone was present during the non-reacting tests. The central left-hand 60 and outer right-hand 52 ̊ configuration displayed a narrower structure from the pilot compared to the flatter pilot observed in the other configuration. Additionally, the right-handed outer swirlers may be responsible for the asymmetry observed with the chemiluminescence images. Both configurations showed less variation in chemiluminescence intensity as the reference velocity was increased. This was likely due to better atomization and vaporization associated with higher fuel and air flow rates.


Adrenalectomy produces many changes in gastric functional parameters including gastric acid secretion, gastric motility and mucosal blood flow. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of acute bilateral adrenalectomy and reserpine on gastric mucus secretion and degradation in the pyloric ligated rats. Groups of Wistar rats of mixed sexes were adrenalectomized or administered with 5 mg/kg reserpine intraperitoneally or given both treatment followed by pyloric ligation. Adherent mucus was assessed by the alcian blue binding technique while erosion of the surface gel was assessed from the appearance of sialic acids and galactose in the gastric juice. Gastric mucosa injury was quantified by measuring the area of gastric mucosa damage. The amount of alcian blue bound to adherent mucus and soluble mucin concentration were not significantly affected by adrenalectomy (P > 0.05). Reserpine diminished adherent mucus secretion and increased soluble glycoprotein in the gastric juice. Adrenalectomized animals (40%, n = 5) developed haemorrhagic lesions as compared to 100% (n = 5) in animals treated with reserpine. Adrenalectomy or propranolol did not protect the animals against the reserpine induced injury. It is concluded that the adrenal glands seem to be of no importance in the secretion of gastric mucus but reserpine inhibits mucus release and stimulates surface mucus gel breakdown via β-adrenoceptor stimulation.


ABSTRACT.The theory that I shall seek to elaborate here puts considerable emphasis on the social system of meaning-processing, new mechanisms of social coordination, the cognitive code of the communication, and the relation between the cognitive and the social dimension. The paper generates insights about the social cognitive basis of normative behavior, the social identity analysis of norms, the role of communication in social identity-contingent normative phenomena, and the role of social interaction and communication in normative phenomena.Keywords: social coordination, meaning-processing, interaction, communication1. IntroductionThroughout this paper, I demonstrate the value and importance of the categorical processes critical to spatial cognition, of the use of memory for the identity of the community, and of the formation of social representations about the world.2. The Central Role of Internal Representations in CommunicationBostrom and Sandberg say that cognitive enhancement is the amplification or extension of core capacities of the mind through improvement or augmentation of internal or external information processing systems: cognitive enhancements improve core cognitive capacities, have the potential to play a positive role, and may amplify the capacities required for autonomous agency and independent judgment. The distinction between therapy and enhancement is often difficult to discern.There is reason to believe that a cognitively enhanced person is not necessarily somebody with particularly high cognitive capacities (most efforts to enhance cognition are of a rather mundane nature). According to Bostrom and Sandberg, stimulants enhance memory by increasing neuronal activation or by releasing neuromodulators. Technological self-modification and the use of cognitive enhancement methods are an extension of the human species' ability to adapt to its environment. Inequality of access to enhancement is a pressing concern if enhancement confers genuine benefits.1McCabe and Castel contend that brain images may be more persuasive than other representations of brain activity, and give the appearance of direct measurement of the physical substrate of cognitive processes. There is some- thing special about the brain images with respect to influencing judgments of scientific credibility (part of the scientific credibility of brain imaging as a research technique lies in the images themselves). Including brain images with data may have the effect of lending greater credibility to, and accessibility of, cognitive neuroscience research. The public's fascination with brain imaging may have a positive impact on public perception of research on cognition. The addition of cognitive neuroscience explanations may affect people's conscious deliberation about the quality of scientific explanations.2Krauss and Fussell insist that the process by which we understand the meaning of symbolic behaviors is communicative inference (signs are understood by a process of causal attribution). The ability to produce certain symbol systems communicatively requires exposure, often of a considerable duration (symbolic behaviors can function as signs). Visual information like gestures and facial expression combines symbol and sign elements in a way that cannot easily be disentangled. The speaker's mental representation is transformed into a verbal or linguistic representation by means of the speaker's linguistic encoder. Speech is used primarily to convey verbal information. Social dimensions of the conversational context can influence the interpretation of speech acts. Encoding and decoding do not adequately describe what occurs in communication. Nonverbal behaviors are not simply signs that encode internal state in a straightforward way. Encoding and decoding may characterize the role of nonverbal behavior in some communication situations. A communicative act is a behavior intended to accomplish some particular end. …


Soil fauna play significant roles in the detritus food webs of agroecosystems, they are the essential contributors to the decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of plant nutrients and nutrient cycling. Some evidence indicates that soil fauna and biodiversity of the detritus food webs appear to show positive, neutral or negative responses to global change, especially atmospheric CO 2 enrichment across different studies. In this paper, firstly, the classification of soil fauna and their roles in nitrient cycling were introduced; secondly, the advance of study on the response of soil fauna to elevated atnospheric CO 2 was discussed; finally, a few of priorities of the field in China in the near future were presented.


This research focuses on Cardinal Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot's Dialogue Views on Interreligious Dialogue in Indonesia. According to Cardinal Ayuso, this research aims to understand the importance of inter-religious dialogue in Indonesia. Dialogue between religious adherents is indeed being warmly encouraged by the Church to build a just and prosperous society. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and critical reading of the text. Based on a critical reading of this research text, it is analyzed and combined with materials related to Cardinal Ayuso's dialogue views in Das Dikasterium fur den Interreligiosen Dialog, the Church's teachings on the dialogue between religions, especially those contained in the documents of the Second Vatican Council and documents -Documents after the Second Vatican Council and scientific works related to religious life and authentic fraternity. The findings in this study are that the concept of inter-religious dialogue in Cardinal Ayuso's perspective is more focused on the "existential attitude" that every human being must have in his life to promote peace in the world. The initial step for inter-religious dialogue must be preceded by theological dialogue. Then the dialogue must be followed up at a practical level in the form of inter-religious cooperation to solve humanitarian and national issues jointly.


Tests have been made at Mach numbers up to 0·93 in the Royal Aircraft Establishment 10 ft X 7 ft High Speed Wind Tunnel to examine how the longitudinal characteristics of a fighter-type aircraft are affected by the installation of air intakes in the nose, fuselage sides, or wing roots. None of these intakes alters the lift or pitching-moment characteristics significantly, but their effects on external drag vary, and only the nose intake avoids an increase. This superiority derives principally from its low area ratio, the value of which largely determines not only the critical Mach number and hence the behaviour at transonic speeds of the intake fairing but also its sensitivity to spillage and aircraft attitude. Both forms of divided intake cause an increase in profile drag of roughly 20 per cent; on the side intake this is due to the siting of the boundary-layer bypasses and on the wing-root intake to the increased wing thickness. Their high area ratios make them sensitive to changes in flow direction and lead to high suction levels over the intake fairings which are expected to cause drag increases early in the transonic range. Separation in the canopy-intake junctions of the side intake reduces the drag divergence Mach number to 0,87, compared with 0·89 for the other models. The shaping of the wing-body junction which was combined with the nose and side intake installations leads to a marked reduction in drag at transonic speed, an advantage not shared by the wing-root layout. 1. Introduction.-The installation of a turbojet engine in an airframe affects the performance of the aircraft in two ways. Internally, the thrust developed by the engine is reduced from the test-bed value by the approach and duct losses; externally, the drag of the aircraft is generally increased by the alteration in shape necessary to house the engine and intake. Any attempt to assess the relative merits of different forms of air intake must therefore take into account both the internal and external losses caused by the installation. 'Whilst the former have been extensively studied and can now be estimated with fair accuracy at least at subsonic speedt, relatively little is known concerning the magnitude of the external interference set up by the different classes of intake.


This paper presents a method of constructing anticipatory monitors for PALTL(parameterized LTL(linear temporal logic)) based on automata theory.This paper on one hand investigates into the important concepts about the syntax,anticipatory semantics,valuation generation and binding of PALTL.It is assured that the binding and using are correct in syntax level.Then the concept of parameterized anticipatory monitor is presented consisting of the static part and the dynamic part.The static part is presented as parameterized Buchi automata,and the dynamic part is composed of the valuations of variables in the current state.While the system running,based on the static parameterized Buchi automata,the valuations of variables are dynamically generated and bound from the current state in an on-the-fly fashion,and the anticipatory monitor incrementally checks whether the current running system is satisfied with the given parameterized property.In this process,the parameterized monitor can precisely identify the minimal good/bad prefix of the monitored property.


Now-a-days Most of the industries are having large volumes of data. Data has range of Tera bytes to Peta byte. Organizations are looking to handle the growth of data. Enterprises are using cloud deployments to address the big data and analytics with respect to the interaction between cloud and big data. This paper presents big data issues and research directions towards the ongoing work of processing of big data in the distributed environments.


Results of a thorough study and application of leucocrystal violet for the determination of arsenic in parts per million (ppm) levels in environmental and biological samples is described here. The proposed method is based on the reaction of arsenic with potassium iodate to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine selectively oxidises leucocrystal violet to form crystal violet dye in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The dye formed shows maximum absorbance at 592 nm. The detection limit of arsenic is 0.002 μgmL−1 and the method obeys Beer's law over the concentration range of 0.1 μg - 1.0 μg of per 25 mL of final solution (0.004–0.04 ppm). The molar absorptivity was found to be 1.49 × 106 L mol−1 cm−1. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of arsenic in various environmental and biological samples. The results are in good agreement with the standard reported method.


Brain diseases represent the main cause of disability throughout human life and pose a major global threat for public health and the sustainability of human societies. According to a report on the future of health and health care published by The World Economic Forum, it is estimated that direct and indirect costs of brain diseases already amount to >5% of global gross domestic product, more than the cost of cancer, diabetes, and chronic pulmonary diseases combined. Most importantly, however, brain diseases cause enormous human suffering: 1 in 4 people in the world suffers from neurological or psychiatric disabilities, and not "only" are patients affected, but also their families, neighbors, friends, and communities. Hippocrates reportedly taught his disciples that if they had to choose between learning about the disease a patient had or about the patient who had a disease, they should choose the latter. William Osler echoed this admonition: "The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease." The study by Ward and colleagues in this issue of Annals of Neurology reminds us of this important lesson, revealing that the prognosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the rate and risk of progression to dementia do not depend solely on the brain, but rather on the entire person. According to the 2021 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report from the Alzheimer's Association, Americans >60 years of age fear dementia more than any other disease, including cancer, stroke, and cardiac disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, a major cause of death, and the leading reason for disability amongst older adults in the USA. AD affects >5 million people in the USA alone and nearly 50 million people worldwide. As the population ages, the prevalence of AD is expected to increase further, with estimates of 7.1 million Americans with AD by 2025 and 15 million by 2050. Despite substantial efforts, available therapies offer limited benefits, and we lack disease-modifying treatments that have any meaningful impact on the progressive disability caused by AD. We are in urgent need of a different approach, and a shift from focusing on the "disease" to focusing on the "individual patient" seems essential. Mild cognitive impairment is broadly considered a precursor to dementia, although not all patients with a diagnosis of MCI go on to develop dementia. Much attention has been paid to different subtypes of MCI and their relative prognostic risk to progress to dementia. When MCI is characterized primarily by memory deficits (amnestic MCI [aMCI]), the risk of progression to dementia is thought to be particularly high, and the underlying pathology is typically AD. However, in assessing the risk of dementia and resulting disability faced by a given patient, it is imperative to go beyond the disease or even the brain and consider other aspects of the person's health and lifestyle. Ward, Wallace, and colleagues had previously shown that an individual's degree of frailty influences the risk of progression from MCI to dementia and is correlated with the extent to which those with AD manifest the clinical symptoms of dementia. In the present study, Ward and colleagues leverage data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), including nearly 3,500 individuals >65 years of age with a diagnosis of MCI and ≥2 follow-up visits. They confirmed that those with aMCI were about twice as likely to progress to dementia over the course of a 12-year follow-up period as those with nonamnestic MCI (naMCI). However, the important and new finding is that patients with aMCI and high frailty progressed substantially faster than those with low frailty, and those with naMCI and high frailty were twice as likely to develop dementia as those with low frailty. In other words, high frailty was associated with an accelerated progression to dementia in patients with aMCI, and with an increased risk of progression in patients with naMCI. Frailty is a challenging concept, because many authors include in the construct factors that are clearly related to cognitive function, and in that case its utility to assess its contribution to the progression or risk of dementia is limited. In the 45-item frailty index from the NACC Uniform Data Set, which was used by Ward and colleagues, many of the factors can directly compromise cerebrovascular function (eg, cardiac disease or hypertension) or be manifestations of mental and cognitive impairment attributable to brain pathology. For example,


THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER is twofold: to examine cultural dialogue in Lee Maracle's Ravensong using Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of language and the novel, and to examine Bakhtinian dialogism in light of Native literary theory as it is manifested in the novel and in the works of other Aboriginal critics. I aim, in other words, not only to examine dialogue, but to enact it. I undertake to do this mindful of Kimberly Blaeser's warning:


Background: We aimed to investigate the Paranasal sinus tomographies relation between septum deviation and lateral nazal wall retrospectively in this study. Material and Methods: Paranasal sinus images of 50 patients with lateral nasal wall and septum were examined. Clinically and radiologically, the septum was divided into three groups as anterior, posterior and anteroposterior. Radiological examination of the anatomical variations in the paranasal sinus and the deviation of the septum were investigated. Results: In our study, concha bullosa was found in 36%. In our study, 38% of Agger Nazi cells were found. In our study, Haller cell was found in 18% of the cases. In our study, Onodi cells were observed with a rate of 16%. In our study, septum deviation was divided into 3 as anterior, posterior and anteroposterior. In 27 (54%) of the cases, septum deviation was observed, 7 (14%) of them were seen in anterior, 8 (16%) were in posterior anterior and 12 (24%) in anteroposterior direction. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between septum deviation and anatomical variations.patients who are planned to be operated due to septum deviation should be examined by tomography preoperatively and lateral nasal wall / septum deviation / anatomical variations should be examined.


Gamma-ray intensity and interstellar absorption derived from galaxy counts are used to explore the local interstellar medium. It is pointed out that both are valuable tracers of column density of the total gas: ..gamma..-rays as they relate to interaction between high-energy particles and interstellar gas in all its forms, interstellar absorption in the context of the gas-to-dust relationship. Large scale features of the local interstellar medium are revealed, in particular a wide concentration of nearby molecular gas in the Aquila-Ophiuchus-Sagittarius region. The overall relation between gas and ..gamma..-radiation is used to derive quantitative estimates of the cosmic-ray electron flux and spectrum below 1 GeV.


Screening and diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) requires use of nucleic acid amplifications tests (NAATs) on optimal anatomical specimens. Vaginal or cervical swabs are preferred in women and first-catch urine in men. Furthermore, extra-genital testing is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) and for men who have sex with women (MSW) based on exposure history. Increasingly, STI care is being provided in non-STI specialized settings such as Urgent Care (UC) and Primary Care clinics (PC). Therefore, we aimed to characterize the types of anatomical specimens being utilized for the diagnosis of STIs in non-STI specialized clinics.

 We conducted a retrospective analysis of all Neisseria gonorrhea (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) tests obtained at 46 adult outpatient clinics (PC, UC and Obstetrics & Gynecology [OB/Gyn]) part of an integrated health system in Des Moines, Iowa, between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. In this database, no information was available regarding patient history of sexual exposure site(s). Descriptive statistics, including counts, percentages, and differences in proportions were estimated and stratified by outpatient clinic type.

 We identified a total of 18,503 encounters involving 2,802 men and 15,701 women. Rates of extragenital testing were overall low, but higher in male patients (14.6%) than in female patients (0.20%). Among male patients, extra-genital testing was obtained in 21.1% of patients seen in PCs compared to 5.2% in UCs (p< 0.0001) (Table 1). Notably, 177 (50.9%) of the extra-genital samples collected at PCs were obtained at a clinic specializing in the care of MSM. Among female patients, the proportion of urine-based tests was highest in PC (32%), while non-urine genitourinary samples were more frequently obtained at Ob-Gyn clinics (92.7%) (p< 0.0001) (Table 2).

 Extragenital site testing for GC and CT remains an uncommon practice across all clinic setting types, and high proportions of female patients evaluated at PC and UC clinics were tested using urine specimens. Our results indicate a need for effective education and implementation processes for optimal testing modalities in primary care clinics.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


NEW MATERIAL: A compound of formula I [R is 4-6 membered cycloalkyl, CH 2 R" (R" is H, 1-6C alkyl, 2-4C alkenyl, phenyl, furil, thienyl, pyridyl, or the like) ; R' is formula II, formula III (R 1 and R 2 are each alkyl, cycloalyl, acetyloxy or the like, or 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with connected N; R 3 is phenethyl, alkyl)]. EXAMPLE: 1-Methyl-1-[2-(2-propylcarbamoyl-10-phenothiazinyl) propyl] pyrrolidinium salt. USE: Effective as antispasmodic agents for the medical treatment of spastic and painful expression of alimentary organ, urinary tract or respiratory tract, or for gynecology. PROCESS: The compound of the formula, R 3 -X (X is halogen, sulfate, or the like), is reacted with a phenothiazine derivative of formula IV, to obtain the compound of formula I. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Global warming continues due to a fossil energy consumption, but new renewable energy is having a difficulty finding a perfect solution for low energy life. Passive house is a construction that contains low levels of facility and energy and it is necessary in order to solve the problem. Hence, this research investigates the characteristics of passive house focused on design qualities and suggests a passive house that is appropriate to South Korea; it aims to develop eco-friendly building structures that fit the domestic environment and provide preliminary information that will enable passive houses to become widespread. The method of research includes examining the factors that made passive house emerge through recent eco-friendly architectural trend and flow with theoretical speculation. Through case studies of the passive houses, the research analyzes not only design and functional characteristics but also each correlation element and suggests apartment housings that reflect passive designs. The results of the research show that the elements of adiabaticity of closed space, awning of open space, an air current of both spaces and ventilatory that are in charge of active components interact with each other; based on the analysis above, a passive house that is applicable to domestic apartment housings is suggested with a focus on design characteristics.


Abstract The multi-objective optimisation technique utilising genetic algorithms is employed to develop the optimal maintenance strategy for corroding oil and gas pipelines. The objective functions of the optimisation are the maximum annual conditional probabilities of small leak and burst, respectively, of all the pipe joints included in the pipeline segment over a predefined time horizon, and the total present-value cost of corrosion repair. The allowable annual probabilities of small leak and burst, and the annual repair budget are treated as constraints in the optimisation. The proposed optimal maintenance strategy is illustrated using a natural gas pipeline segment consisting of 90 corroding pipe joints. The analysis results indicate that a diverse set of solutions are included in the obtained Pareto front, which allow the decision-maker to select the maintenance plan achieving the desired tradeoff between the reliability and cost. The approach presented in this study can be incorporated in the practical optimal maintenance planning of corroding pipelines subjected to safety and resource constraints.


Screening tests of crude drugs was carried out using a model system of congestive edema in rats. Some crude drugs containing saponin, i.e., Akebiae Caulis, Platycodi Radix, Polygalae Radix, and Mi-saponin (which resembles senega saponin in chemical structure) showed anti-edmatous and diuretic actions. Concomitant use of phenylbutazone with Mi-saponin resulted in an increase in urine volume and anti-edmatous action.


AIMS
Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as a quantitative technique to assess left ventricular (LV) function via twist mechanics. Hypertension-associated changes in LV twist have not been previously evaluated in African patients with LV systolic dysfunction. This study evaluates LV twist dynamics in hypertensive patients with a low ejection fraction (EF).

METHODS AND RESULTS
Forty-one hypertensive patients with EF <45% and normal coronary angiography (HTLEF group) were compared with 41 control subjects using STE. Peak apical rotation (AR) and isochronous basal rotation (BR) were measured, as was net twist (maximal value of simultaneous AR-BR). Rigid body rotation (RBR) was defined as AR and BR occurring in the same direction. Of 41 HTLEF patients, 28 (68%) had normal twist pattern, whereas 13 (32%) exhibited RBR; 11 of those 13 exhibited clockwise rotation. AR (1.89° ± 0.99 vs. 7.15° ± 2.26; P < 0.0001), BR (1.44° ± 0.78 vs. -3.75° ± 1.61; P < 0.0001), and net twist (3.3° ± 1.17 vs. 10.9° ± 2.7; P < 0.0001) were lower in HTLEF patients. The subgroup with clockwise RBR showed greater LV dysfunction (EF: 27.9 ± 5.8 vs. 35 ± 7.5%; P = 0.005) and more spherical LV geometry in both diastole and systole (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0002, respectively) compared with those who had a normal pattern of twist. In the HTLEF subgroup with normal twist pattern, AR (r = 0.57; P = 0.002) and net twist (r = 0.57; P = 0.002) correlated with EF.

CONCLUSIONS
LV twist in patients with hypertension and EF <45% is diminished. Apical rotation and net twist are good correlates for EF in hypertensive patients with EF <45%.


The paper summarizes progress of fuel gas transmission, distribution and application in past 10 years, which include: building regulation boxes, fuel gas transmission and distribution remote measurement and control systems, fuel gas leak alarm systems, separated household fuel gas heating, and fuel gas directly fired heat supply and refrigerating system.


During 1979-80, the shape of Deng Xiaopi_ng's programme of far-reaching reforms was clearly revealed. The programme of four modernisations as expounded by Deng allowed that the intellectuals could be just as patriotic and socialist minded as the workers and peasants. The earlier slogan of 'readjust, consolidate, strengthen and improve' (tiaozheng, gonggu, chongshi and tigao) was revised to 'readjust, reform, consolidate and improve' (tiaozheng, gaige, gonggu and tigao), with the introduction of the all important notion of institutional innovation ('Reform').2 Then during the tax reform of the early 1980s


College English Test (CET) has been over-emphasized by the society, the college administrative departments, teachers and students. Rather than promote the teaching of English in colleges and universities in China, CET is hindering it instead. This paper deals with the negative effects of the Test on the administrative departments, teachers' teaching work and development, students' acquiring of the language and English teaching at its advanced stage. Several suggestions are proposed for the improvement of CET and college English teaching.


The effects of 1H-indole-3butyric acid (IBA), cutting position on stock plants, the date of propagation, the type of rooting substrate and temperature on rooting of mussaenda (Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. 'Ashanti Blood' and 'Rosea', and Mussaenda philippica A. Rich 'Aurorae') stem cuttings were determined. Cuttings of 'Ashanti Blood' produced the largest number of roots when treated with 15 mmol (3000 ppm) IBA and rooted in perlite at 29 °C (84 °F). Cutting position on stock plants did not affect rooting in any of the three cultivars. Propagation date and temperature of the rooting medium affected root numbers in 'Aurorae'. With 'Rosea', only the type of rooting substrate affected root number. Rooting percentage was 22%, 48%, and 39% in 'Ashanti Blood', 'Aurorae', and 'Rosea' respectively. After 30 days of propagation average root length was 4, 12, and 4 mm (0.2, 0.5, and 0.2 inch) in 'Ashanti Blood', 'Aurorae', and 'Rosea' respectively.


The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology, and practical application of nuclear medicine. Its 18,000 members are physicians, technologists, and scientists specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine. In addition to publishing journals, newsletters, and books, the SNMMI also sponsors international meetings and workshops designed to increase the competencies of nuclear medicine practitioners and to promote new advances in the science of nuclear medicine. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) equally is an international scientific and professional organization promoting the nuclear medicine with about 3,500 members specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine. The EANM was founded in 1987. The SNMMI/EANM will periodically define new procedural recommendations for nuclear medicine practice to help advance the science of nuclear medicine and to improve the quality of service to patients. Existing practice guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each procedural recommendation, representing a policy statement by the SNMMI/EANM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review. The SNMMI/EANM recognizes that the safe and effective use of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. These procedural recommendations are an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate care for patients. They are not inflexible rules or requirements of practice and are not intended, nor should they be used, to establish a legal standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the SNMMI and the EANM caution against the use of these procedural recommendations in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by the physician in light of all the circumstances presented. Thus, an approach that differs from the procedural recommendations, standing alone, does not necessarily imply that the approach was below the standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the procedural recommendations when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources, or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of the procedural recommendations. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but also the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible to always reach the most appropriate diagnosis or to predict with certainty a particular response to treatment. Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to these procedural recommendations will not ensure an accurate diagnosis or a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that the practitioner will follow a reasonable course of action based on current knowledge, available resources, and the needs of the patient to deliver effective and safe medical care. The sole purpose of these procedural recommendations is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective.


. We have carried out investigation of zinc abundance behavior in wide range of stellar metallicities from 0 to -5. It has been determined zinc abundance using our Zn atom model and NonLTE calculation method. It has been shown that dif-ference between LTE and NonLTE Zn abundances may reached up to 1 : 27 dex .We have obtained the dependence of [ Zn=H ] from [ Fe=H ]. The flrst value is greater as metallicity lower.


Key Points • EHBP1L1 promotes nuclear polarization and subsequent enucleation of erythroblasts in coordination with Rab10, Bin1, and dynamin.• EHBP1L1 maintains the proper morphology and structural stability of erythrocytes.


(57) Abstract: The present invention maintains the sensitivity of the cells to therapeutic or prophylactic agents, increase, or restore relates to compounds represented by formula (I). The present invention, containing these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention is particularly treatment of multidrug resistant cells and prevention of development of multidrug resistance, and is suitable for use in multi-drug resistant cancer therapy.


In this paper, to explore the applicability of nondestructive test to detect radiation embrittlement in reactor pressure vessel, we investigate ferromagnetic resonance supplemented by vibrating sample magnetometer. Specimens used in this investigation were SA508-3 low alloy steels with different refining process. Magnetization as a function of the applied field was measured.


Anin capacity is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more problematic for the individual with the state to do certain accomplishments and cooperate with the world around them.The main objectives of the study are to find the relationship between disability and employment,empower disabled people, provide them with better employment opportunities, make them financially stable and make them independent and incorporate the factors that make the building accessible and comfortable for the disabled. From the literature reviews which were of different ideologies and objectives, the result came is that there are different techniques by which the problems can be solved by involving sustainability, accessibility and adaptability in an infrastructure design. The sector of the LDA has been selected for the research analysis. The quotas for disabled people and the building infrastructure of LDA will be analyzed. For the research analysis, the different types of analysis will be performed on the data which are 3D analysis, Demographics Analysis, questionnaire and Correlation Analysis. The proposals which are given are based on the provision of parking, washrooms facilities,staircases, ramps, handrails, and office furniture and entrance gates.


The objectives of this paper are to assess the quality of artificial drainage facilities in residential premises of Enugu city and proffer appropriate renewal strategies for managing them. An appraisal technique, which employs a checklist of seven simple classifications of specified qualities, is utilized to achieve the aim. In this approach percentage penalty points (Pp) are assigned to drainage facilities having observable defects. A total of 366 drains in 20 residential areas of the city are appraised. The poorest condition of drainage system is observed in Ogui Urban area with the highest penalty points of 88% followed by Abakpa with 87.5% penalty. Only three layouts (Ekulu, G.R.A., and Independence Layout) have less than 25% penalty points rated as good condition of drainage. None of the residential areas in the city has excellent drainage facilities as none scored less than 10% penalty. A more integrative legislation on urban land use planning and management to protect the drainage facilities against dysfunctional uses or abuse and a comprehensive urban drainage system network coupled with proper maintenance (inspection, regular schedule of cleaning blocked drains and repair) are strongly recommended to prevent the hydrological consequences of unregulated storm water drainage construction in the residential layouts of Enugu city.


According to the study on the relationship between financial development and economic growth, domestic and foreign scholars have all focused on the financial development on the supporting and facilitating role of economic growth, but neglect the decisive role of economic conditions on the level of financial development. This paper uses four indicators which are used by the development of rural economy levels, rural industrial structure, rural degree of economic boom and the degree of market-oriented rural economy to measure the economic development of rural areas, thus it uses rural financial scale, rural financial structure and rural financial function to measure the situation of China's rural financial development, empirical analyzes the decisive role of the development of the rural economy on the development of the rural financial development, suggests some relevant recommendations on enhancing economic fundamentals on the development of China's rural finance.


Hypertension has been the most frequent non-communicable disease and the most routinely diagnosed cardiovascular disorder in Nigeria. It has been linked to various diseases and complications. Therefore, the study assessed interleukin (IL) 1, 6 and anthropometric parameters in hypertensive subjects. A total of ninety subjects were investigated; thirty hypertensive subjects on antihypertensive therapy, thirty hypertensive subjects not on therapy and thirty control subjects without hypertension. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer (Omros, Japan) while body mass index (BMI) was determined by using the formula: weight/height (kg/m2 ). Interleukin 1 and 6 were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, IL-1 was significantly higher (P 0.05) but IL-1 was significantly increased in females compared with male subjects. The study concluded that IL-1 and IL-6 are increased during hypertension. Thus, the parameters may be used in the assessment and monitoring of cases of hypertension so as to prevent development of inflammatory conditions in hypertensive subjects.  Key words : IL-1, IL-6, blood pressure, BMI, hypertension.


WHITMAN, LISA. The Effectiveness of Interactivity in Multimedia Software Tutorials. (Under the direction of Dr. Eric Wiebe and Dr. Chris Mayhorn). Many people face the challenge of finding effective computer-based software instruction, including employees who must learn how to use software applications for their job and students of distance education classes. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on how computer-based multimedia software tutorials should be designed so they are as effective as possible for instructing users on a software application and preparing them to use it for the tasks they will need to perform. This study investigated if comprehension of a software program and performance of accomplishing tasks using the software is aided by incorporating animation and user interactivity in a multimedia software tutorial. Effects of multimedia on user engagement and workload were also explored. The study compared common multimedia types of software tutorials – static, animated, and interactive. Results indicated that interactivity in multimedia software tutorials is effective in improving user engagement, the user's perception of the learning experience, declarative knowledge of the software program being taught, and ability to use the software program to perform tasks quickly and accurately. © Copyright 2013 by Lisa Whitman All Rights Reserved The Effectiveness of Interactivity in Multimedia Software Tutorials


PURPOSE: To obtain an electric connection terminal which ensures a stable connect condition over a long period even if great vibration acts on it, and consists of punched sheet metal pieces having an excellent contact characteristic suitable especially in the case of high-current. CONSTITUTION: A connection terminal body 1 which has a contact area 3 for electric connection at one end, and a contact area 2 preparing a spring arm base which has a smooth wall part and a polygonal cross section at the other end, and a polygonal plug hole 15 which forms plural contact parts is provided. At each fore-edge of wall part of the spring arm base separated from the contact area 2, at least one spring arm 14 extending in the direction of the hole 15 are provided, and the arms 14 extend to the position of the hole 15 in each direction, then form the hole 15. These arms are bent further outward at some angle, and form a positioning passage 10 for a connection plug pin at their front free end area.


An improved technique to stabilise a class of first-order linear time-invariant dynamics with two delays is presented. It proposes to design a controller in which delay cross-talk feature (or delay coupling) is utilised to enhance the system's stability characteristics. The authors present some comparative observations vis-a'-vis an earlier pioneering study, which is a widely used point of reference for this class of systems, however, without the delay cross-talk effect. Furthermore, the treatment here profits from a recently introduced methodology, called the 'cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR)', for the stability assessment of these systems, differently from the earlier suggested procedures. With the introduction of the delay cross-talk term, the authors show that the new system may become stable for larger delay zones, which is otherwise impossible. In the text, we present several case studies to display the outcome of such a tool.


This chapter provides an overview of Kant's conception of the animality (or Tierheit) of human beings. Though human animality is treated in a wide range of Kant's writings, it has received relatively little attention from scholars, perhaps because Kant wrote no text principally devoted to the subject. With the aim of establishing its systematic unity, I track the status and role of animality across three distinct but interrelated domains of Kant's theory of human nature—his account of animality as one of three basically good original human predispositions in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, his account of animality as the target of discipline in the pedagogy lectures, and his account of animality as simultaneously a driver of and hindrance to the progress of history in 'Idea for a Universal History With a Cosmopolitan Aim'. I argue that these accounts, taken together and in light of the teleological vision of human development that connects them, manifest a distinctively Kantian vision of the human as an actively rational, but at the same time ineliminably animal, being. Far from denying that humans are animals or seeking to repress human animality wholesale, Kant in fact offers a nuanced and robust, though still problematic, defence of the necessity, innocence, and originality of the human's animal side.


A detailed knowledge of hydrodynamics existing in stirred vessels, especially is key to understand mixing process occurred in the system. In this chapter, the flow liquid in both single impeller and multiple impeller systems with various type of impeller will be discussed and the formation of the trailing vortex behind the impeller blade, which plays an important role in dispersion of gas is examined in depth. 3.1 Flow Patterns in A Single Impeller System Due to its complexity, studies in early years on hydrodynamic characteristics of the stirred vessel have been conducted mostly by experimental techniques such as hot film anemometry, laser Doppler anemometry and laser sheet illumination for determination of fluid velocity or flow patterns inside the vessel. All these approaches require not only expensive investment but also needs laborious time consuming efforts. Recent advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) enable us to simulate these hydrodynamic characteristics with considerable accuracy. 3.1.1 Brief description of simulation method Numerical simulation of a single-phase turbulent flow in a stirred vessel with a single impeller has been studied extensively in recent decades. Applying Fluent, Myers et al. (1994) have calculated 2-D flow pattern for a multiple impeller system. Desouza and Pike (1972) solved mathematically the flow of a fluid in a stirred vessel quantitatively. Thiele (1972) solved Navier Stokes Equation for an unbaffled system under Re<20. Placek et al. (1978) used an algebraic turbulence model to solve the 2-D flows in a stirred vessel. Most approaches to solving flows in stirred vessels have substituted the time average quantities into a continuity equation and turbulent equation of motion: i.e.,


Submucosal radiofrequency uvulopalatoplasty is a technique for the treatment of snoring which utilizes predetermined and fixed parameters of application, instead of temperature control, to selectively ablate the soft palate submucosally. Submucosal radiofrequency uvulopalatoplasty has been shown to be as effective and safe as techniques using temperature control and does not require the expensive technology needed to monitor tissue temperature during ablation.


SHATZ, MARILYN. How to Do Things by Asking: Form-Function Pairings in Mothers' Questions and Their Relation to Children's Responses. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 1093-1099. The questions 17 mothers addressed to their children during a play session were examined for the purposes they served in the conversation and the forms used to express them. Mothers of less linguistically sophisticated children expressed about as many different functions with questions as did mothers of more sophisticated children, and they also used about as many different forms per function. However, they did make more use of certain "paradigmatic" forms for given functions. In addition, the children's responses to their mothers' questions were examined for their functional appropriateness and their relation to maternal behavior. The results are discussed with regard to the role of the mother in the development of the child conversationalist.


In the present study, numerical simulations of a reciprocating compressor have been performed using both ideal gas analysis and real gas analysis to clarify some unknown errors which may occur in the ideal gas analysis. For the simulation, mass continuity and the first law of thermodynamics are applied to the cylinder control volume for the full description of the refrigerant gas state. Helmholtz resonator modelling is used for the gas pulsation calculation of the suction and discharge systems. Valve related input data such as the effective flow area, effective force area and dynamic characteristics of the valves have been obtained experimentally. From the comparisons between the simulation results of the ideal and real gas analysis, it has been shown that overestimations in the gas temperature and heat transfer rate are made, when the ideal gas assumptions are used. Differences in the pressure, valve motion, mass flow rate and gas pulsation are found negligible.


Four paddy soil samples were used for the analysis of soils nitrogen mineralization with several experiment methods,including waterlogged incubation,waterlogged incubation plus intermittent leaching and waterlogged incubation plus intermittent leaching of increase the leaching frequency.The results showed that:leaching was beneficial to soil mineralization,but the accumulation of the nitrogen mineralized in the soils would not be higher with increasing of the leaching frequency.


Purpose – This paper aims to introduce relatively novel multi‐supply chain activity overview rough set theoretic applications to aid management decision making with an especial focus on green and sustainable supply chain management.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is a review of recent literature with extensions around rough set or neighborhood rough set methodologies for supply chain management. An overview of how the techniques can be applied to various stages of green supply chain management, selection, evaluation, development is presented in various sections.Findings – The paper finds that rough set methodology is flexible enough to be applied as a selection tool, performance measurement evaluation tool, and a development program evaluation tool. Its application to green supply chain management topics is warranted and valuable.Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the approach provide additional avenues for further research. One major limitation of the research is that a real...


In a power system with a high share of wind energy the wind fluctuation causes a variation in the power generation, which must be compensated from other sources. The situation in Denmark with a penetration of more than 20% wind in yearly average is presented. The introduction of electric drive vehicles (EDV) as flexible loads can improve the system operation. Bidirectional power exchange through batteries (vehicle to grid) can be seen as a storage system in the grid. An analysis of possible economical incentives for the vehicle owners will be shown. By control of EDV charging through a price signal from the day ahead market the economical incentives for an EDV-owner will be small. If the EDV's can participate in the regulation of the grid through ancillary services the incentives will be increased to an attractive level.


SU Tong's neo-historic novels involve three series.Through the analysis of his rural and urban neo-historic novels,we may note that his historical narration is in line with the structuralist historical view,which is based on his historical narration of evil nature of human and has formed the fundamental structure which has brought him both the breakthrough and quagmire in his creation.


The gas-phase reactions of trimethylaluminates with a variety of acids are considered from both an experimental and computational perspective. The experimental work involves product and kinetic studies of ten aluminates, [(CH 3 ) 3 AlX] - (X=H, CH 3 , NH 2 , OH, F, SiH 3 , PH 2 , SH, Cl, and OCH 3 ). Both X and methyl cleavage pathways are observed in these reactions. X cleavage occurs with several aluminates (X=H, NH 2 , OH, and PH 2 ), in contrast to the thermochemical predictions of ab initio computations performed at the MP2/6-31++G(d,p) level. These indicate that methyl cleavage is favored in the reaction of nine aluminates (OCH 3 was not computed) and HCl


Local cuisine practices are not at exactly where they need to be today in terms of significance although they function the best in introducing the geography they belong to and reflect traces of its history. There are plenty of reasons as to why many regional foods and beverages from past to today have vanished and been forgotten, but it is probably one of the most influentials that there is a lack production and presentation facilities at food and beverage enterprises that are running in the region. The purpose of this research is to discover the local cuisine practices of food and beverage enterprises running in Gaziantep, Turkey. The target universe of the study is the food and beverage enterprises in Gaziantep, and the sample of the study consists of 125 food and beverages services personnel that have volunteered to participate in the study.The study designed with this aim has been formed in three main sections. The first two sections of the study include theoretical information about Gaziantep local cuisine; and the third section includes the findings of the survey applied using the faceto-face interview technique to discover the regional/local cuisine practices at food and beverage enterprises in Gaziantep, which is the largest city in the southeast of Turkey. Using the survey data gathered, frequency distributions have been analyzed, and in the light of the chi-square test it has been detected that enterprises serve meat dishes the most of all the Gaziantep cuisine local dishes.


Purpose – This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of budget target clarity and the application of public sector accounting on performance accountability studies at PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Makassar City.
Design/methodology/approach – Data analysis methods using multiple regression techniques.
Findings – The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted because the Clarity of Budget Targets and the Application of Public Sector Accounting had a positive and significant effect on Performance Accountability. This means that by increasing the Clarity of Budget Targets and the Application of Public Sector Accounting, it can improve the Performance of Study Performance Accountability at PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Makassar City with a big impact.
Originality – Data collection used primary data obtained from a purposive sample where 10 offices were obtained, 3 respondents were determined for each office so that a total of 30 employees of PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Makassar City.
Keywords: Clarity of Budget Targets, Implementation of Public Sector Accounting, Performance Accountability
Paper Type Research Result


IPS Learning Film Development is a learning media in the form of films that tell everyday life in accordance with film material, namely the main economic activity. The film took a case study at Sawan Middle School 2 and involved VII grade students as respondents. This study aims to (1) implement the results of the design of the development of social studies learning films for mastery of competency in describing the main activities of the economy (2) to find out the students' responses to social studies learning films for mastering the competence of describing the main economic activities. The type of research used in this study is research and development with development design using the ADDIE model. This film is implemented using the Adobe Premiere CS6 application in the process of video editing, Adobe Audition to edit audio, Adobe Encore to create DVD menus and Adobe Photoshop CS6 for making film design needs. The results after the content expert test were 88.66% of all content experts. The results of the media expert test from the two experts were 84.66% and the response test results were 91.31% so it can be concluded that this film has very positive criteria.


The glycemic and lipid profile status of Wistar albino rats fed four local species ( C. Cajan, V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, P. vulgaris L "Red kidney" , and P. vulgaris 'Black turtle") commonly consumed in South-east, Nigeria was examined. The experimental design comprises of 30 male Wistar rats distributed into 5 groups of 6 rats each. The effects of the beans on the glucose level suggests that the fasting blood glucose levels was higher in the group fed C. cajan while Red kidney group had the least fasting blood glucose levels. The effects of the beans on the lipid profile shows that P. vulgaris L "Red kidney" group had a higher serum cholesterol and HDL compared to the control while C. cajan had a higher LDL cholesterol than others while there was a general decrease in TG and VLDL across the group.


Abstract Hungary and Moldova are excelling in unique wines and alcoholic beverages that could qualify for the protected geographical indication (PGI) by emphasizing parameters attributable to the geographical area, production or processing methods. In this study, we have assessed some parameters of wine and brandy samples looking for specificities. The studied samples were of Moldovan and Hungarian Cabernet Sauvignon red wines, Hungarian Furmint white wines, and Moldovan wine distillate/brandy called Divin. The assessed samples were evaluated for: total polyphenol and flavonoid, ethanol, malic, citric, lactic, tartaric acids, reducing sugar, glycerol, carbon dioxide, total and free SO2 content as well as for total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, and wine density. Our results indicate that despite the relatively close geographical vicinity of Hungary and Moldova, the wines produced in the two countries have specific composition, antioxidant activity, and sensorial properties. Thus, the registration of such wines as PGI is clearly justified, and such a label itself does represent a competitive advantage worth promoting.


Rosa laevigata is a white aromatic rose inhabitant to Southern China and Taiwan and growing offensively as invasive in the United States of America. It is herbaceous climbing shrub, growing over the other shrubs and reaching upto 5-10 metre in height. In 1780's, it gained its English name Cherokee rose from America. This review was aimed to analyze various active secondary metabolites of Rosa laevigata with their medicinal value. The study infers that plant possess novel secondary metabolites i.e., polysaccharides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, laevigatins E, F, G, triterpenoids, 11α-hydroxytormentic acid, 2α-methoxyursolic acid, 6-methoxy-β-glucopyranosyl ester, tormentic acid and 5α-diol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside with their antibacterial, anticancer, astringent, depurative and anti-inflammatory activities. A profound efforts has been done in past to address the active secondary metabolites, but still consistent struggles are required to explore the volatile compounds present in Rosa laevigata and their medicinal and therapeutic values should be investigated in future.


Chemistry is an extremely powerful tool to estimate the duration of the prestellar phase; it can provide key tools to distinguish between a slow or a fast path towards the formation of stars. The most promising tracers of the quiescent phase are the light, depletion-resistant H2D and D2H. Our observational effort has led to the first detections of both orthoand paraH2D in massive clumps using APEX, ALMA and SOFIA. We confirm that the anticorrelation among the abundance of o-H2D and N2D, a species that can be relatively easily observed, is real and that their relative abundance strongly decreases with evolution in the very first stages of the star formation process. The behaviour of these species can be explained with simple considerations on the chemical formation paths, depletion of heavy elements, and evaporation from the dust grain mantles, and can be used as a powerful evolutionary indicator. Our unique 3D MHD simulations, coupled with chemistry, take us one step further than a simple relative timeline, allowing to follow abundance variations with time. Combining these pieces of the puzzle with the first measurement of the ortho-to-para ratio of H2D in a massive clump, we will have the opportunity to investigate the duration of the quiescent phase in different mass regimes.


In the current study, microwave-aided extraction (MAEX) has been used to extract mandarin leaves for its antioxidative phenolic and flavonoid ingredients...


This guide is for year 10-12 students studying Legal Studies. It has links to many useful websites and legal resources.


In the field of medical science a tremendous amount of data is generated, doctors need to test the patient physically to find out the injuries and disease of the patient. This paper outlines the idea of predicting a particular disease by performing operations on the digital data generated in the medical diagnosis. In this project an efficient genetic algorithm hybrid with the techniques like back propagation and Naive Bayes approach for disease prediction is proposed. Bad clinical decisions would cause death of a patient which cannot be aff orded by any hospital. To achieve a correct and cost eff ective treatment, computer technology Systems can be developed to make good decision. There is a lot of medical information unexplored, which gives rise to an important query of how to make useful information out of the data. The purpose of this project is to construct a basic prototype model which can determine and extract unknown knowledge (patterns, concepts and relations) related with multiple disease from a past database records of specified multiple diseases. It can solve complicated queries for detecting a particular disease and thus assist medical practitioners to make intelligent clinical decisions which traditional decision support systems were not able to. By providing efficient treatments, it can help to reduce costs of treatment. The medical organizations are "rich in data" but their "knowledge utilization is poor ". There is a lack of sufficiency of improved analysis techniques to find relations, concepts and patterns in the medical data. Data mining is science and engineering study of extracting previously undiscovered patterns from a huge set of data. In this paper, data mining methods namely, Decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and Back-Propagation(ANN) algorithms are implemented on medical data sets .The medical datasets will be represented graphically(graphs , charts , shapes )using diff erent visualization techniques. The algorithms are compared and evaluated on basis of their accuracy and time consumption factors. The algorithm which gives out high accuracy and less duration to give the output is analysed and implemented.


At the outset it is important to question why a topic linking international politics, nurse education power and control has been identified as an area for exploration. Quite simply, the reason lies in the concept of OglobalizationO, a term that is increasingly used to note that boundaries between individuals, organizations, societies and nations are vanishing (IFTDO 1998). Thus factors relating to the world environment, poverty and wealth, disease patterns, advances in technology and increased trading markets become the concern of all (Oulton 1999). This leads to the notion of a Oglobal villageO in which it is recognized that common forces are shaping the lives of virtually every person in the globe today. The increasing interdependence of countries and citizens impacts on the world of work in terms of changing trends and partnerships. World markets are increasing the capacity to trade goods and products, including health-care products. Perhaps the most valuable health-care resource is the human resource, people who can now move much more easily between boundaries sharing and using expertise within and between countries (Salmon 1999, p 16). Global communication enhances the capacity to share ideas and nurses across the globe are now in daily communication about health-care issues. Access to the Internet, supported by other forms of electronic communication such as television and radio (Salmon 1999, p 19) means that it is now possible for a nurse in the UK, India or America to access educational programmes using open learning programmes developed and delivered, for example, in Australia. Whilst it is recognized that access to such media requires the


The advent of superconductivity above 77 K represents to the power cable industry a technological discontinuity analogous to that seen in the copper telecommunications industry by the arrival of optical fibers. This phenomenon is discussed along with technical criteria and performance targets needed for high temperature superconducting wire to have an economic impact in transmission cables.


Nanocomposite Langmuir−Blodgett films of poly(maleic monoester) (PMA)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by transferring PMA/iron oxide nanoparticles complex monolayers in a hydrosol subphase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto solid substrates. A Mossbauer spectrum of the nanoparticles showed the highly crystalline nature of the magnetite structure. Homogeneous dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles between poly(maleic monoester) layers was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface morphology of the nanocomposite film was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the nanocomposite Langmuir−Blodgett film of poly(maleic monoester) (PMA)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied with vibrating magnetometry (VSM) by obtaining magnetic hysteresis loops. The PMA is a polymeric surfactant and interacts with Fe3O4 nanoparticles by electrostatic attraction between carboxylate groups of PMA and the charged Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This interaction stabilizes th...


The modulation structure in the be plane of a phase-separated Cu-rich La2CuO4.003 oxide was studied using transmission electron microscopy. Upon an electron beam irradiation at 93 K, a phase transformation from superconducting phase to antiferromagnetic phase was observed and identified based on the analysis of the different reflection conditions for the two space groups of the two phases, i.e., D-2h(23) or Fmmm for the superconducting phase and D-2h(18) or Bmab for the antiferromagnetic phase. For the superconducting phase it is found that the modulation vector changes from 0.041[06 (8) over bar]* toward 0.027[04 (8) over bar]* during the electron-beam irradiation. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy results are also presented showing that the Cu-rich La2CuO4.003 oxide has indeed phase-separated into hole-rich superconducting phase and hole-poor antiferromagnetic insulating phase. [S0163-1829(99)00505-6].


We put forward the exact version of two-parameter generating functions with $\tau$-invariance, which allows us to give a unified and inherent definition for the Drinfeld realization of two-parameter quantum affine algebras for all the untwisted types. As verification, we first construct their level-one vertex representations of $U_{r,s}(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}})$ for simply-laced types, which in turn well-detect the effectiveness of our definitions both for $(r,s)$-generating functions and $(r,s)$-Drinfeld realization in the framework of establishing the two-parameter vertex representation theory.


Mother tongue is the main factor to interfere with English pronunciation.By a comparison between English and Chinese vowels,consonants,rhythm and intonation,some problems that interfere with English pronunciation are found.Therefore related suggestions are put forward.


We point out a minor mistake in published in 2006, 'A new randomized response model', which as been cited by various researchers, though no one has pointed out the mistake.


This paper proposes an efficient algorithm named RCSP for mining contiguous sequential patterns,which only needs one pass over the original database.It builds the frequent header node links in a pre-order fashion by using the code of each node to determine the ancestor-descendant ship among segments of sequence in constant time,and count the support of sequence fast.All frequent contiguous sequential patterns can be obtained by mining directly on the tree without building any extra immediate trees.The experiments show that RCSP has better performance.


Summary Out of 19,046 goats aged between 5 and 6 month and slaughtered at an abattoir in Dubai between September 2012 and March 2014, 57 carcasses were objected at meat inspection due to the presence of bladder worms of the coenurus type. The majority showed single cysts that were cut out but 10 carcasses had to be discharged due to the presence of multiple cysts and with a maximum number of 41 coenuri. In the majority of carcasses, cysts were located in the legs (n=45) followed by abdominal muscles (n=16), diaphragm (n=14) and shoulder (n=13). Loin, rack, renal fat, heart, neck, masseter were other cyst locations. The size of the detected parasitic cysts ranged from 0.7 ml to 90 ml. The maximum number of 1,102 scolices was counted in an 86 ml coenurus found in the leg of a goat. Cysticercus tenuicollis was another cestode larval stage found in livers of 302 goats. A mixed infection with both parasites was detected in 35 carcasses.


Current technological developments make required information easier to obtain; this can be seen from the increasing and developing needs of the community, companies and government agencies in obtaining data and information. Lengkong District Office, Bandung City, is one of the government agencies that still uses a record book (agenda) in managing letters. Lengkong District Office, Bandung City, needs a Letter Management Software that can process and deliver information on letters' data. To design a desktop-based software, a designing stage is required using a prototype metohe having stages as follows: communication, rapid planning, rapid design modeling, prototyping, and system usage, as well as tools for designing a desktop-based software using Star UML. The programming language to create a desktop uses the Visual Basic programming language, and the database is MySQL.


Locality, natural causality and deterministics are the fundamental principles of this treatise. A dense fluctuating point set with unique linking to physical movements facilitates the setting up of partial differential equations. So a clear definition of a turbulent fluid is established. Stochasticity in the sense of an ensemble theory is considered by distributions of motion quantities of an unlimited number of parallelly existent deterministic systems. First, particle transport equations of 1. Brownian motion as molecular self diffusion, 2. Stochastic transport by longitudinal fluctuations of a continuum, 3. Stochastic transport by turbulent continuum-fluctuations are developed. So Transition probabilities of moving quantities are evolved. The connection of deterministics and stochastics in the sense of an ensemble theory enables a complete deterministic turbulence equation set. The result is pure geometrodynamics of turbulence on one side and pure geometrodynamics of deformation on the other side. At the end, the incorrectness of the known equation set of laminar fluiddynamics for turbulence problems is discussed.


The analysis of nearest and remote results of 120 patients with lumbar intervertebrate disks" herniations of marginal dimensions (5–8 mm) surgical treatment was performed. Primary patients" condition was the same. Patients with slight clinical symptoms and severe radiculoand polyradiculopathias were excluded. Patients were divided into 4 clinical groups (30 persons in each) due to treatment method: microsurgery microdiskectomy, endoscopic microdiskectomy, laser vaporization and conservative treatment (controls). The best nearest results were observed in microsurgical and endoscopic microdiskectomy groups, but remote results were better in laser vaporization group. In the group was the smallest amount of temporary invalidity days during first 3 years. Conservative treatment demonstrated minimal effectiveness.


THE IMPACTS OF PROP PUTATIVE INTERACTORS ON THE LOCALIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE TRANSPORTER PROP, AND ON ESCHERICHIA COLI PHENOTYPE Karen Gonzalez Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Dr. Janet M. Wood Understanding the mechanism by which ProP (an osmosensing transporter in Escherichia coli) localizes to the poles of cells might uncover a valuable model of how protein function might relate to protein organization in bacteria. Evidence pointed to involvement of a ProPprotein interaction in its observed localization pattern. To further study if ProP protein interactors contribute to this phenomenon, ProP was tagged with a fluorescent protein, thereby supplementing the chemical labeling method previously used for visualization. Though an attempt was made to improve fusion protein stability, herein we show that prevalent degradation has altered the location of tagged ProP within cells. YdhP and YjbJ were identified as putative ProP interactors and were chosen for further study. Deletion of yjbJ did not alter culture growth or cell morphology. Elimination of YdhP or YjbJ expression did not affect ProP activity or localization, thus impact of these ProP-protein interactions was not evident.


Abstract : Final report contains results produced within the effort sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory with Contract No. FA8718-09-C-0061. Focus was on the most relevant aspects of our findings, which was fully addressed during the effort: guided propagation and leaky-wave radiation along linear arrays of nanoparticles, also considering and modeling the realistic presence of technological disorder, comparison of the guidance properties along linear and planar arrays of nanoparticles and nanovoids in different realistic geometries, guided and leaky modes along parallel arrays of nanoparticles, propagation along periodic arrays of nanoparticles and their rigorous homogenization as metamaterials for a variety of applications of interest to the U.S. Air Force.


tot E and stress tensors   are given as integrated or averaged quantities in the supercell, and we cannot obtain local distribution of energies or stresses. If we use empirical interatomic potentials, we can obtain such local distributions, while the quantitative accuracy is limited. If we could obtain the local distribution of energies and stresses by the first-principles plane-wave methods, it should greatly contribute to the understanding of the nature of defects, surfaces and interfaces and the local mechanical properties. We are engaged in the development of the computational technique for such local energies and local stresses within the plane-wave DFT framework. In this paper, we explain the essence of our scheme and show recent applications to surfaces, defects, and grain boundaries (GBs) in metals and precipitate/metal interfaces [1-5]. Historically, the schemes to obtain energy density ) (r  [6] and stress density


Conclusions Evidence is presented indicating the presence of two antibodies for crystalline insulin in the serum of a patient who was both allergic and resistant to crystalline insulin. It was also shown that the patient was allergic but not resistant to a preparation of human insulin. The relation of the two antibodies to the patient's response to crystalline and human insulin is discussed.


To facilitate construction of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link through Ashford in cut-and-cover tunnels and retained cut, it was necessary to control pore water pressures in the relatively low-permeability, laminated Weald Clay. This was achieved by means of an ejector well dewatering system. This paper describes and discusses the investigations carried out to characterise the in situ permeability of the Weald Clay, the design and performance of the ejector well system installed, and the associated soil surface settlements. The correlation between the changes in pore pressure and settlements at the site is compared with that given by Preene et al. This comparison is used to evaluate the method, and to provide some insights into the selection of appropriate parameter values of soil permeability and stiffness.


One of the ironies in modern technology for arthroplasty is the stress shielding in cementless stems. The aim of the development of cementless stems had been reduction of stress shielding which cement stems are not free from. In healthy femur, trabecula start form the femoral head and reach at both medial and lateral cortex in rather narrow area around lesser trochanter. So the load from the femoral head is transferred at the level on both medial and lateral side. Cement stems should have binding to the cortical bone from collar to the tip of the stem where the cement interlays, and then the load is transferred gradually from the tip to the collar, which means mild stress shielding. When distal bonding is removed, the load could be transferred as normal femur. This should have been one of the biggest requests for cementless stem. But in realty many cementless stems have difficulty to obtain a load transfer at the level like normal femur. Since 1990, we have been mainly using lateral flare stems to obtain contact on both medial and lateral side at proximal level. In the present study, different types and length of the designs were compared by 3-Dimensional fill, 3-Dimensional fit and Finite Element Analysis. Materials and Methods Stems from DJO: Revelation Standard, Revelation Short, and Linear stems were inserted into patients9 canal geometries. Three-D fill and 3-D fit which were reported ISTA2009 and stress transfer were observed by FEA. Results The closest fit and fill were observed Revelation Short and Revelation Standard then Linear. The most proximal load transfer was observed Revelation Short, followed by Revelation Standard then Linear.


2 Abstract: An 8-bit pipelined analog-to digital converter (ADC) is designed in this paper. The pipelined architecture realizes the high-speed and high-resolution . To reduce some complexities of flash ADC pipeline ADC is used. The calibration schemes of pipelined ADC limit absolute and relative accuracy. Deviations in residue amplifier gain results due to low intrinsic gain of transistors, and mismatching between all the capacitors of capacitance 1pF result in both deviations in residue amplifier gain and DAC nonlinearity in a pipelined ADC.


the authors have ensured t,hat their book will form a useful introduction to University courses. One of the hardest tasks of t'he schoolmaster in teaching pupils who will later read mathematics at the University consists not of showing them how to solve examination problems, but of answering the question familiar enough to readers of the Gazette : " U7hy all this fuss? '' Differentiation under the integral sign, integration of infinite series, conical projection, t'o mention only three familiar processes, can sometimes be used to obtain quick solutions. But are the processes justifiable? The teacher of Scholarship candidates is under the obligation of encouraging his pupils to see that such questions must be asked, and answered ; and his task is not made simpler by the fact that there is often little time available for teaching such pupils, who must therefore learn largely by reading the text-books recommended to them. For this reason, the reviewer hopes that this volume will be widely recommended. I t is a sound, well-writt,en text-book which students can safely be left to read for themselves. The worked examples are aptly chosen, and there are excellent sets of exercises (from various sources) for t'he student to work. No one using this book need fear that he will learn anything that will lat'er have to be unlearnt. Misprint's are few ; the only misleading one discovered appears in a note on p. 20, where the definition of sin 0 is incorrect. I t need hardly be added that the book is beautifully set out and printed. R'. WALKER.


The arising Blockchain innovation shows promising potential to improve modern frameworks and IoT via equipping various technologies and digital devices with additional data processing, handling, storage and its encryption. In the last decade, plenty of disrupting approaches and applications have arisen and considering that digital transformation and technical shift, a lot of blockchain technologies have put in a tremendous amount of effort and contribution from both modern and scholarly experts. With the introduction of this details survey of literature and existing papers, we have attempted to discuss the emerging role of technologies powered by blockchain innovation in enabling IoT frameworks. A blockchain-equipped IoT system is presented and essential methods are introduced. Also, major applications and key challenges are discussed as well. Thorough research for the latest ideas, patterns, and concerns is also discussed related to the Blockchain-enabled IoT.In this paper, an intensive survey on the most proficient approach to mold the technology of blockchain based on various requirements of IoT for enabling blockchain-based Internet of Things (BIoT) methodologies is introduced.After depicting the fundamentals, the most important applications are discussed to emphasize the effect of blockchain technology over traditional IoT applications. Then, the current challenges and potential improvements are discussed with regards to numerous perspectives that influence the design, advancement, and plan of BIoT applications. At last, a few ideas are identified determined to direct future BIoT experts and developers on a part of the issues that should be handled before deploying the next generation of BIoT applications.


The upper reaches of Minjiang river is situated in the region that connects QinghaiTibetan plateau and Sichuan basin.It belongs to the Hengduan mountain zone of the Holarctic kingdoms SinoHimalaya forestry subkingdom.There are 2162 species of seed plants that belong to 169 families and 726 genera.In those plants,the big families and the big genera play important roles.The rivers flora can be divided into 15 distribution types and 14 subtypes.Among them,Pantropic,North temperate,Old world temperate and E.asia are important types.Based on the analysis of the dominant geographical elements,the paper has discussed the major characteristics of the flora as follows:transitional characters of geography are obvious;both antiquity and youthy;geographical elements are diversiform and among them temperate are dominant obviously;striking differences according to the altitude.Finally,it is believed that in the ecological construction of the upper reaches of Minjiang river,we should use the floras characters to protect the existing species and make use of the valuable species resources and genetic resources.


In drawing conclusions as to the reliability of the mean of a sample it is important that all relevant information be taken into consideration. The mathematical analysis in this paper is based on the Laplacian Bayes Theorem which implicitly comprehends the results of a sample together with the a priori knowledge available concerning the parameters of the universe.


Signed up for an Amazon Prime trial, purely because my order was ineligible for free delivery. Must remember to cancel it in 29 days.


An explicit expression is derived for the phase shifts of the partial waves scattered by a solid elastic sphere, incorporating the effects of the viscosity of the ambient fluid. The solution is applicable to frequencies and scatterer sizes for which the viscous boundary layer thickness is much less than the radius of the sphere. For particle sizes in the sand‐size range (30 μm<a< 1 mm) or larger, this requires that the wavelength be comparable to or smaller than the scatterer circumference. Expressions for the phase shifts in the rigid and immobile, rigid limits, including viscous effects, are also obtained, as is an approximate expression for the viscous absorption coefficient in the rigid, immobile limit. These results are used to calculate the backscatter amplitudes and the viscous and scattering attenuation coefficients for tungsten carbide, aluminum, and quartz spheres in water. It is found that the viscous absorption coefficient is a slowly increasing function of frequency, except for sharp peaks at...


Objective: Evaluate effectiveness of group based robotassisted therapy (RAGT) with individual arm therapy (IT) for people with moderate to severely affected upper extremities following stroke. Design: Single-blind randomised trial. PEDro scale: Criteria met for random allocation, allocation concealment, baseline comparability, blind assessors, adequate followup, intention to treat, reporting between-group comparisons, point estimates/variability. Settings: Two in-patient stroke rehabilitation settings in Germany. Participants: Adults with first-occasion stroke (supratentorial) < 8 weeks with nonor minimally functional upper extremity, in an in-patient programme ≥ 6 weeks. Fifty randomised, 23 analysed per group (reasons given); adequate power estimated at N = 40. RAGT n = 25, 13 male, mean age 71.4 years; IT n = 25, 15 male, mean age 69.7 years. Interventions: Both groups participated in comprehensive rehabilitation programmes. In addition IT completed 2 9 30 minutes of individual arm therapy per workday for four weeks which included task-oriented motor re-learning provided by centre-based therapists. The RAGT group completed 30 minutes of individual arm therapy per day plus arm studio group therapy assisted by one supervised therapy assistant for 30 minutes per day. Bi-ManuTrack, Reha-Digit, Reha-Slide, and Reha-Slide duo provided passive mobilisation and repetitive training of isolated shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger movements. Outcome measures: Blinded assessment of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) upper extremity score (range 0–66; primary outcome) at baseline, post-intervention and three months. Secondary outcomes (un-blinded): Action Research Arm Test, Box and Blocks, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Medical Research Council scale (muscle strength), and Barthel Index (activities of daily living). Costs per treatment were calculated. Main findings: No significant between group differences for any measure at any time point. Within group differences demonstrated significant improvements at each time point on each measure except MAS. Clinically significant mean differences at four weeks on FMA: RAGT +11.1 (SD: 10.6); IT +14.6 (SD: 11.2); three months FMA: RAGT +16.8 (SD: 16.0); IT +20.6 (SD: 14.6). No major adverse events; fingertip blisters in two RAGT participants. 17/24 RAGT participants provided favourable feedback for use as adjunct to individual arm therapy. Costs per treatment session were 4.15€ RAGT and 10.00€ IT. Authors' conclusions: When combined with individual arm therapy, robot assisted group training or an equal dose of individual arm therapy alone were equally effective to improve upper extremity outcomes. Robot assisted therapy cost less to deliver. Contact details of original author: s.hesse@medicalpark. de


A healthy 78-year-old man was admitted with a 3-day history of epigastric pain and bilious vomiting. Ultrasound revealed cholelithiasis with a normal calibre common bile duct. The patient subsequently underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which demonstrated a large …


There are no clinical reports on the presence of oral lesions in patients with pityriasis rosea. However, such lesions have been observed and reported at meetings of some American dermatologic societies. Both Wile 1 and Hazen 2 have described oral involvement in pityriasis rosea. However, Guequierre 3 appears to have been the first to present before a dermatologic society patients showing concomitant oral lesions. Rosen 4 has observed lesions on the tongue. It is not generally known that the cutaneous lesions of pityriasis rosea may be accompanied by oral lesions. Such lesions are symptomless and usually insignificant but apparently may occasionally, as in the present instance, be extensive. The oral lesions of pityriasis rosea are not present during the entire course of the disease, but it appears that they are more apt to be seen during the height of the disease. As a rule only solitary lesions are observed, and


The statins may not only lower cholesterol, they may stimulate bone formation, as suggested by a number of observational studies in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial of simvastatin 20 to 40 mg/day in patients aged 35 to 70 with coronary artery disease. Fractures occurred in 155 patients, with no significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups.


Axial-and diametral-strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests were performed on carbon and low-alloy steels with both an axial and a diametral extensometer mounted on the same cylindrical specimen. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) Young's modulus, E, under cyclic plastic deformation was given by E=σa/el =σa/(el -el ), where σa is stress amplitude, and el , el and el are total, elastic and plastic strain amplitudes in the axial direction, respectively. E was nearly equal to 206 GPa when el =0, while it decreased with increasing el . (2) Poisson's ratio for elastic and plastic strain, υe=-(ed /el ) and υp=-(ed /el ), were nearly equal to 0.3 and 0.5, respectinely, where ed and ed are diametral elastic and plastic strain amplitudes. (3) Strain-fatigue life properties for axial and diametral strain-controlled tests were coincident each other when the axial strain was calculated from the measured diametral strain through an equation of tranformation on the assumption that E=206GPa, υe=0.3 and υp=0.5.


Static pressures developed in cylcindrical tanks due to the stored material consititue major design considerations of such structures. The two classic silo theories - Janssen's and Reimberts' theories - are used in many silo design codes as alternatives to calculate theoretical lateral and vertical static pressures. The lateral pressures calculated by the two theories are found, however, to differ significantly for a wide range of stored material characteristics and storage tank geometries. These differences become more pronounced as the parameters involved approach some theoretical limiting values. The Reimberts' theory is shown to be inadequate in those critical limiting cases, whereas, Janssen's theory is shown to be adequate in all limiting cases examined. This behavior is responsible for the signfiicant differences between the two theories in the corresponding real silo cases and sets limitations in the applicability of the Reimberts' theory.


In Forestry Bureau of Sulan City, Jilin, China, systems reform to promote restarting an undertaking were carried out. Their experience and practice were recommended in this paper.


This article demonstrates that, contrary to the common image of Islam in Malaysia as being predominantly liberal, a conservative and authoritarian Islam frequently prevails. State-sanctioned interventions into the minutiae of people's daily and moral lives often take place. Drawing particularly on Cornelius Castoriadis's idea of autonomy and Roy Rappaport's notion of oversanctification, the author argues that such interventions may have a number of negative effects, including putting at risk the wider basis on which State and religious authority rests.