iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 2.1. Phase Equilibrium Properties of Fe-based Alloys 3 2.1.1. Fe-C Alloys (Fe-FegC System) 3 2.1.2. Stainless Steels 5 126.96.36.199. Austenitic Stainless Steels 6 184.108.40.206. Superaustenitic Stainless Steels 8 2.2. Solid State Phase Kinetics 9 2.2.1. Factors Affecting Phase Transformations 9 18.104.22.168. Diffusion 9 220.127.116.11. Precipitate Nucleation 11 22.214.171.124. Precipitate Growth 15 22.214.171.124. Precipitate Coarsening 18 2.2.2. Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) Diagrams 19 2.3. Metallurgy and Properties of Cast Superaustenitic Stainless Steels 23 2.3.1. Designations of Cast Superaustenitic Stainless Steels 23 2.3.2. Microstructures 25 2.3.3. TTT Diagrams of Superaustenitic Stainless Steels 25


Detectives investigating the murder of mum-of-three Rania Alayed have contacted hundreds of motorists to help trace a campervan that could have been used ...


The document that develops next tries to justify an investigation of descriptive type and cross street developed from a social perspective, in view of the guarantee and effectiveness of the constitutional rights to the private ownership and to a worthy housing like determinant factors of the teleology of the town planning and of the territorial arranging and in specific relation with the Large-scale project of urban renewal of the commune San Jose adopted as the municipality of Manizales by means ofResolutionNot.1453 of July 25, 2009 as a macroproyecto of national social interest that visualized like a solution to the detriment in the quality of life of the inhabitants this specific sector of the city, as the above mentioned project would allow a suitable optimization of the resources destined to diminish the poverty, improving the mobility of the sector, as a guarantee of the social inclusion and in order to encourage the prosperity, the employment and the safety in safe-conduct of the social interests and of top juridical goods. The target of the written present consisted of determining the scope of the effectiveness of the fundamental rights to the private ownership and to the worthy housing, showing the social impact that at present brings with it the absence of guarantee of the same ones for the


: Growers in California used several energy and water conservation strategies in response to the drought conditions of 1976 and 1977. The strategies included an increased use of ground water, in creased irrigation efficiencies, and shifts in cropping patterns. Drought-related losses to irrigated agriculture were minimized as a result of these modifications. Some future problems may have been created, however, by obtaining the needed water supplies for 1976–77. These problems include the effects of extensive water pumping on ground water reservoirs and ground subsidence. In addition, reduced water application by less frequent irrigation and changes in irrigation methods may affect the total salt balance for future years. Several conservation strategies that have some potential application in California were identified as: maintaining and augmenting surface water supply, increasing power use efficiencies, and improving irrigation efficiencies. Electricity savings associated with water conservation have been estimated as high as 25 percent. Specific near term actions suggested for facilitating conservation included: an expanded irrigation management system, efficient water deliveries, and a continued effort on the part of the individual growers to use resources during periods of normal rainfall as they were used under drought conditions.


Pesticides and pharmaceutics are organic compounds of high chemical stability. They are resistant to biodegradation and degradation under the influence of sunlight. Since the technologies used in primary and secondary wastewater treatment of are not designed to remove pesticides and pharmaceutics, other alternative methods need to be developed to remove them effectively. As a possible solution, ferrate(VI), [FeO4]2-, a chemical compound that simultaneously exibits oxidation, disinfection and coagulation properties is imposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidation of seven pesticides and five pharmaceutics using ferrate(VI) as oxidant. During the study, the influence of ferrate(VI) concentration and pH value on the degradation of the investigated compounds was examined. It was found that the concentration of ferrate(VI) affects the degradation of pesticides and pharmaceutics, while the pH value is not a significant parameter for the degradation of most investigated compounds. The degradation was described by the Response Surface Methodology and the optimal process conditions were determined.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional moving computer frame. The existing computer tables generally has no structure and function of adjusting the angle and the height of a displayer, which can not satisfy the requirement of a user who wants to lie to read, and the computer tables which are used at present are not very convenient. The multifunctional moving computer frame of the utility model comprises a frame, a keyboard and a mouse carrier, wherein the frame of the moving computer frame comprises a chassis and a lifting bar, wherein a lifting motor is arranged on the chassis, the lifting motor is connected with the lifting bar through a coupler, a rotating motor is arranged on the lifting bar, which is connected with a displayed through the connecting bar, a suspension bar is arranged on the connecting bar, and the keyboard and the mouse carrier are arranged on the suspension bar. The multifunctional moving computer frame can conveniently adjust the height and the rotating angle of a display through operating the motor, which can satisfy a user to stand, sit or lie to use a computer, and reduces fatigue of using a computer for long time. The rotating angles of a keyboard supporting board and a mouse supporting board can be manually adjusted according to personal fond.


Objective To investigate the types of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB) under the fiberoptic bronchoscope and compare the diagnostic methods.Methods Clinical symptoms,chest X-ray/CT manifestations,fiberoptic bronchoscopic findings of 37 patients with EBTB were analysed;Sputum culture for acid-fast bacteria,bronchial biopsy for pathological examination,bronchoscopic brush bioptic smears and culture for acid-fast bacteria were performed.Results The main symptoms were as follows: cough in 31 cases,fever in 9 cases,hemoptysis in 10 cases,pleural pain in 8 cases,breathlessness in 5 cases,weight loss in 3 cases,wheezing in 1 cases.Chest X-ray was normal in 3 cases,and CT was indicative of EBTB in only 1 case.Bronchoscopic results showed inflammatory infiltration in 37% of the cases,proliferative lesions in 9%,stenostic/occlusive lesions in 27%,ulcerative lesions in 16%,and apparently normal in 11%.Positive results of sputum acid-fast staining were obtained in 4 out of 37 cases.Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 25 out of 37 cases by bronchial biopsies and in 33 out of 37 cases by bronchoscopic brush bioptic smears,the 4 smears negative cases were positive for bronchoscopic brush bioptic culture.The detection rates of the three methods were 11%,68% and 89%,respectively.the differences were significant(χ2 test),the rate of fiberoptic bronchoscopic being the hightest,the rate of sputum culture being the lowest.Conclusion The clinical features of EBTB are non-specific,and EBTB can not be excluded only by normal chest X-ray findings.The diagnostic value of CT isn't high,the detection rate of the sputum culture for acid-fast bacilli is low,the diagnosis of the disease mainly depended on fiberoptic bronchoscopy.EBTB should be suspected and early fibereoptic bronchoscopy be performed,in patients with low-grade fever of unknown origin and when respiratory symptoms do not respond to aggressive treatment.The detection rate of bronchoscopic brush bioptic culture is high,but it takes a long time.Bronchoscopic brush bioptic smears for acid-fast bacteria and bronchial biopsy is simple and rapid,with a high positive rate for the definite diagnosis of EBTB,deserve recommendation.


Background: Skin disorders among hairdressers and beauticians have been recognized as a common problem, owing to the prolonged exposure to a variety of irritants and allergens. Objectives: The aim was to study the prevalence of dermatoses among hairdressers and beauticians in Srinagar, the capital city of Kashmir, India. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 respondents from 57 salons and parlors located within the borders of the city. Detailed history taking and complete examination were performed during personal visits. Patch tests were performed with the Indian standard series on all participants. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 24.3 ± 6.3 years. 54% of the studied cases were found to suffer from one or more skin disorders. Hand eczema was the most commonly encountered dermatosis, observed in 32% of the cases. Three patterns of hand eczema were recognized: classic (14%), interdigital (6%), and threading (8%). Callosities were seen in 19% of the cases. We employed the term scissor nodule for the typical pattern of a callosity caused by the finger rings of scissors. Nail staining was encountered in 19%. The most common allergens leading to a positive patch test were found to be paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in thirteen cases, followed by a fragrance mix in nine, nickel sulfate in nine, thiuram in three, and formaldehyde in one. Conclusion: Skin disorders are common among hairdressers and beauticians. Raising awareness of these disorders and methods of their prevention among this group is imperative.


In the recent past we have developed a gas filled two-dimensional cathode strip detector (CSD) for the detection of fission fragments (FFs) [1]. The detector has three electrode planes consisting of cathode strip(X-plane), anode wires and split-cathode wires(Y-plane) and the fully assembled detector is shown in Fig.1. In this detector, each thin wire of the anode plane placed between the two cathode planes is essentially independent and behaves like a proportional counter. The construction of the detector in detail has been given in our earlier paper [1]. The position information has been obtained by employing high impedance discrete delay line read out method for extracting position information in X and Y-directions. The details of similar delay line read out system and its performance has been reported earlier for use in silicon strip detectors [2].


I have come to pay tribute to Franklin H. Littell--a man under whom I never studied in a formal sense but who became my teacher in the most profound and far-reaching way. I begin with two short stories. First, in 2009, the University of Illinois published my book, Christian America and the Kingdom of God, which compares the popular notion of "Christian America" with the biblical vision of the "kingdom" of God in both the Hebrew Bible and the Second Testament. Needless to say, when one makes this comparison, "Christian America" does not look so Christian after all. The dedicatory page of this book reads as follows: "This volume is dedicated to Franklin H. Littell, whose book, The Anabaptist View of the Church, awakened me to the biblical vision of the kingdom of God over forty years ago." Second, my wife Jan and I moved in the Fall of 2006 from California to Pennsylvania, where I took a position at Messiah College--a college with very deep roots in the Anabaptist tradition. Some months after the move, Jan remarked to me, "You know, I think we've been on a forty-year journey to Messiah College." When I asked her to explain, she said, "I think this journey began when Dr. Ferguson placed that book in your hands when you were only 24 years old." "That book" was Franklin's pioneering study of the sixteenth-century Anabaptists, The Anabaptist View of the Church, and the person who placed that book in my hands was Dr. Everett Ferguson, a distinguished scholar of early Christian history and the M.A. thesis advisor at Abilene Christian University in 1966-67. I had not gotten far into the book before I realized why Ferguson had suggested that I read it. I had been raised in a Christian tradition called the Church of Christ, whose driving vision was the restoration--or the recovery--of the primitive church. Now, through Franklin Littell, I was discovering another Christian tradition--that of the Anabaptists of the sixteenth century--that also sought to recover the purity of the ancient church. What I found especially stunning were the differences that divided our tradition from theirs. In the Churches of Christ, we focused our energies on the forms and structures of the ancient church, so we asked how the church was organized, how it worshiped, and how it utilized the sacraments. Littell explained that the Anabaptists seldom asked about forms and structures at all. Instead, they asked what it meant to follow Jesus. That simple question, he explained, turned their interests from structural issues to moral and ethical issues, from a preoccupation with forms to a preoccupation with peacemaking and justice for the poor. In a word, if our tradition focused on the church, the Anabaptists focused on the reign of God. Even then, I knew enough about the Bible to know that the Anabaptists were onto something important. I remembered the words that Amos directed to Israel in the eighth century B.C.E.: I hate, I despise your feasts, and I take no delight in your solemn assemblies. Even though you offer me your burnt offerings and cereal offerings, I will not accept them, and the peace offerings of your fatted beasts I will not look upon. Take away from me the noise of your songs; to the melody of your harps I will not listen. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream. (Am. 5:21-23) I recalled the words of Isaiah: "Is not this the fast that I choose; to loose the bonds of injustice, to undo the thongs of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house? …


Objective To study the clinical efficacy of montelukast associated with budesonide on severe asthma patients.Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,30 severe asthma patients were involved in the present trial,and received six weeks′treatment.The clinical efficacy of the combined therapy was observed.Results There was significant amelioration concerning the peak expiratory flow(PEF),the puff number of the salbutamol,and the score of the asthma symptom of the day and night after six weeks′treatment(P0.01).Conclusion Montelukast associated with budesonide can be used to treat severe asthma effectively.


OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic effect and the adverse reactions of buprenorphine and ketamine used in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCEA). METHODS The experimental objects were 60 cases of patients who received the lower abdomen optional surgery under Epidural anesthesia, (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and using the random and double-blind method they were divided into buprenorphine + droperidol (group A), buprenorphine + droperidol + bupivacaine (group B),and ketamine +droperidol + bupivacaine (group C). The additional number within 0-48 hours, visual analog score (VAS), sedation score (Ramsay score), the recovery time of intestinal function and some adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting were observed. RESULTS The additional number in each period, VAS and Ramsay score were significantly different among Group A ,B and C (P0.05); recovery time of intestinal function between Group A and B, C had a significant difference (P0.05);and in the aspects of the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting, itch of skin, and urinary retention, there was also a significant difference among each group (P0.01). CONCLUSION The analgesic effect of PCEA under local compound anesthetics of buprenorphine and ketamine is certain ; and the ketamine group shows a clear superiority in the aspects of reducing the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting, itch of skin, and urinary retention.


Faced with the problem of mapping accurately the Tawny owl's territories, we used spectrographic analyses of the recorded territorial calls to distinguish the different individual males. From November 1986 to August 1988 we collected about 2000 hootings from different Tawny owls. The visual analysis of the spectrograms revealed a high degree of inter-individual variation and a certain amount of intra-individual variation in the song, so that we have submitted a sample of 140 calls of 17 identified individuals to univariate and multivariate analyses, in order to reach objective conclusions. Seven temporal parameters of the song were selected and measured. The coefficient of variation for each parameter and the test of homogeneity of variances between two series of calls of the same owl showed a stability over time of the selected parameters. On the other hand, the ANOVA test indicated that all the parameters of song varied significantly within the population and discriminant analysis provided a correct cla...


Scepticism and fear about biotechnology is widespread. It takes two important literary forms, namely dystopias and jeremiads. Neither is compelling in itself, but together they provide a strong collection of arguments for great caution. The dystopias examined here range from Aldous Huxley′s Brave New World to o two recent novels by Margaret Atwood. The Jeremiads range from C. S. Lewis in 1942 to Habermas and Fukuyama.


Background & Aims: The nurse–patient relationship is the cornerstone and the most important phenomenon of nursing. In spite of this, there is a dearth of research about this topic in operation room settings. This study investigated the nurse–patient relationship concept in operation room. Materials & Methods: A qualitative content analysis approach was used and a purposive sample of eight nurses, seven patients and two relatives were interviewed in-depth. The observation was also conducted and 14 field notes were written. The verbatim transcripts analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: Theme of 'reliance based caring presence' with three subthemes emerged by which the phenomenon of nurse-patient relationship in operating room could be illustrated. These subthemes were: "nurse centered presence", "patient centered presence"," and spirituality-based care ". Six categories expanded and clarified the meaning of these subthemes. Conclusion: The results of the study generated new insights into the nature of nurse–patient relationship in operation room.This Phenomenon is complex with various dimensions; also the spirituality-based care have central and integral role in this. The findings have implications for bedside, education, theory development and further research in this issue.


Web based social services like Twitter and Weibo are popular nowadays. A large number of users generate massive text-based information continuously and as a result, many topic popularity prediction models arise. However, most of them simply use forwarding or view count to measure popularity, ignoring semantic relations between posts and the topic. Moreover, few model use the important component of opinion - sentiment, to enhance topic popularity prediction. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a attention-based convolutional network model to generate sentiment-aware time series and predict topic popularity. Our model quantifies popularity more accurately with posts' semantic information and incorporates sentiment into popularity prediction. Concretely, our model is composed of a semantic-aware popularity quantification metric, a sentiment intensity detection neural network, and an Autoregressive convolutional network prediction scheme. We have conducted extensive experiments to prove that our model outperforms the existing popularity prediction models on a real-world Twitter dataset. We find that sentiment time series have the ability to improve popularity prediction accuracy significantly. Furthermore, we find our prediction scheme is superior to other models in utilizing sentiment information.


Abstract Background The problem of opportunistic infections in IBD remains one of the most pressing issues in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Particular attention among opportunistic infections in IBD is given to cytomegalovirus infection(CMV), the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV). Aim: To assess the frequency of detection of CMV and EBV in biopsies taken from the mucous membranes of the proximal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in patients with IBD who underwent COVID-19. Methods 72 patients with CD(40 w/32 m) and 69 patients with UC(39 m/30 w) who underwent COVID-19, in whom CMV and EBV were not previously detected, were examined. The age of the patients was from 18 to 62 years(39.4±2.7). All patients(p.) underwent a standard endoscopic examination(EE), disease activity was assessed in accordance with the ECCO regulations; the determination of CMV and EBV was carried out by PCR in biopsies of mucous membranes from the proximal GIT. Results EE in 27 p.with CD revealed deeper and more widespread ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa(CMV+11 p.40.7%/15.3%;EBV+12 p.44.4%/16.7 %;CMV and EBV+4 p.14.8%/5.5%), in 16 p.similar changes were detected in the esophagus(CMV+7 p.43.7%/9.7%,EBV+6 p.37.5%/8.3%;CMV and EBV+3 p.18.7%/4.2%),in 49 p.in the duodenal region(CMV+17 p.34.7%/23.6 %,EBV+23 p.46.9%/31.9%;CMV and EBV+9 p.18.4%/12.5%). EE with UC revealed deeper and more widespread ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa in 29 p. (CMV+12 p.41.4%/17.4%;EBV+13 p.44.8%/18.8%; CMV and EBV+4 p.3.8%/5.8%),in 19 p. similar changes were detected in the esophagus(CMV+9 p.47.7%/13.1%,EBV+6 p.31.6%/8.7%;CMV and EBV+4 p.21.1%/5.8%),in 44 p. in the duodenal region(CMV+17 p.38.6%/24.6%,EBV+23 p. 52.3%/33.3%;CMV and EBV+4 p.9.1%/5.8%). Thus, in patients with CD, when determining CMV in biopsy materials by PCR,an isolated positive result(48.6%) was obtained in 35 cases,for EBV(isolated)-41 cases(56.9%), in 16 pat. a combined lesion of CMV and EBV was revealed(22.2%); the localization of lesions was dominated by the duodenal region(68.1%),the stomach (37.5%)and the esophagus(22.2%). In patients with UC, when determining CMV in biopsy materials by PCR,an isolated positive result(55.1%) was obtained in 38 cases,for EBV(isolated)-42 cases(60.7%),in 12 pat. a combined damage to CMV and EBV(17.4%); the localization of lesions was dominated by the duodenal region(63.8%),the stomach(42%) and the esophagus(27.5%). The clinical and endoscopic picture indicates a more severe course of IBD in the presence of herpes viruses detected by PCR examination of biopsies taken from the mucous membranes of the proximal GIT. Conclusion The findings allow us to recommend the need for more thorough inspection during endoscopy in patients with IBD who have undergone COVID-19.


Developing theory, algorithms, and software tools for analyzing matrix pencils whose matrices have various structures are contemporary research problems. Such matrices are often coming from discret ...


Cooperative apprenticeships are a form of structured workplace training in which (a) employers, government agencies, labor unions, or other community or groups join with community‐technical colleges to provide formal educational programs in which structured work‐based experiences are integral credit‐earning parts of instruction; (b) apprentices agree to work for employers for specified periods of time; and (c) employers agree to provide structured and formal training in specific fields or trades over these defined periods of time. These findings are the result of a 2‐year study. We used a case study method for this study, systematically identifying and reviewing factors influencing successful cooperative apprenticeship linkages. The article describes what has been found to work and why, and how these results can be replicated elsewhere by employers in partnership with community‐technical colleges. Dual enrollment of apprentices in associate degree programs is a practice worthy of promotion. Apprenticeship...


Coal-to-ammonia-urea the major sources of pollution, sewage discharge pollutants,sewage treatment methods and advanced sewage treatment philosophy in coal-to-ammonia-urea were introduced in this paper.The difficucty and focal point,and the new sewage treatment in fertilizer industry were also expounded.


An explanation of the development of pre-school children's services at local government level in Victoria. The thesis concludes by arguing that this existence of children's services is testimony to the remarkable work of those women who have pursued the issue both individually and collectively.


Industrial furnaces of Iron and Steel are all great energy consumption equipment.The maximization of equipments and quick change of thermal parameters are their characteristics.The maximization makes the equipment unit becoming more complicated,and the quick change makes the control of time becoming more strict.It is difficult to realize control on line using single and simple model.So integration for various models must be adopted.A general modeling method suitable for industrial furnace of Iron and Steel enterprise was formed.Namely pattern recognition model,system identification model and CFD model were organically integrated which based on developing their advantages and avoiding disadvantages.Integrated model were built for energy saving control.The model has the characteristics of high fast calculation,accuracy,universality and stability.


Nietzsche to Derrida, usually most associated with "postmodernism"she thinks they are still really stuck in the modern. She sets out a philosophical framework for some new ways of doing theology, but does not actually yet do much theology. But such defects flow inevitably from the book's virtues-its bold effort to survey so much of where Christian theology has been and make proposals for where it should go next.


The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of "gift" and "gift-giving" as categories of modern legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that although the etymological meaning of the words "gift" and "giftgiving" is equal, the legislator uses these concepts as different categories; in various normative acts either gives them different definitions or operates with these two categories as synonyms. Comparing the signs of a gift and a gift-giving, it is determined that a gift can be provided both free of charge and for a fee, but at a price lower than the minimum market price. In the context of gift and gift-giving
features, the ratios of "minimum market price" and "symbolic amount" are investigated. It is justified that the minimum market price is less than the market price, but it takes into account the economic costs of production and sale of goods and the minimum profit, while the symbolic price is formed by the prevailing in the society and concerns the free transfer of things. The ratio of "gift" and "gift-giving" categories in the civil and anticorruption legislation is formulated and its features are defined: 1) the concept of "gift-giving" (Civil Code of Ukraine) is narrower than the concept of "gift" (Law of Ukraine
"On Prevention of Corruption"); 2) the main feature of giving is that the gift is free of charge, and the "gift" may be given at a price lower than the minimum market price, while the "symbolic fee" is a category that differs from the category of "price lower than the minimum market price"; 3) the decision to accept "gift-giving" depends on the person who is being presented, but the special subject can accept "gift" only if he or she is permitted by the anti-corruption legislation and is obliged to refuse it and implement a set of appropriate measures in case he or she is prohibited or restricted; 4) the categories "gift-giving" and "gift" are not identical, but when a special subject receives "gifts" from close people, they are "gift-giving".

Keywords: gift, gift-giving, anti-corruption legislation, special subject, minimum market price.


Mallik's study would have been more valuable if he has paid greater attention to clarifying the meaning of non-alignment. He claims non-alignment to be 'a leading basic [sic] principle of the foreign policy' (p. 274). He also depicts non-alignment 'as a mode of operation of India's foreign policy' (p.273). These two descriptions of non-alignment are not easy to l'Cconcile. Mallik has exhibited a tendency to equate nearly all or India's external activities to exercises in non-alignment, and, perhaps, to realpolitic. Thus, when India interferes in the internal affairs of a weak neighbour, it is non-align· ment (p.86); when lndia does not interfere in the internal affairs or a powerful neighbour, it is also nonalignment (p.85). If India strongly criticises a big power for using military measures against a weak country, this is non-alignment (p.178); if India avoids a strong criticism of a similar act committed by another big power, this is also non-alignment (pp.179-81 ). India liberated Goa, Daman and Diu in a correct application of non-alignment (p.261 ). India expanded trade with the Latin American countries, too, in the application of non-alignment (p.265).


The short stories of Zhou Li-bo obviously show his aesthetic change, which is different from the "heroic model" regarded by the mainstream ideology. Zhou Li-bo's short stories present the pursuit of creative style since 1942 "Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art of Speech" published. During 1949-1955, Zhou Li-bo answered the call to create the short stories reflecting the industrial theme, but obviously a big mistake, which prompted the beginning of aesthetic reflection. At the same time, he went to hometown in 1954, and he wrote "Dad Gaiman", which prompted him to re-explore art both positively and negatively. During the years of 1956-1966, based on the village life and the literature accumulation and re-understanding of literary aesthetic, his short stories show the pursuit of individualism, but because of time limitation, we may find causes of his different explanations to the Yan'an Speech spirit in 17 years.


Based on the concept of conventional Gysel power divider, a novel concept of half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) Gysel power divider was reviewed and developed, by simply combining a traditional HMSIW power divider and a microstrip isolation network. The proposed concept was reviewed, investigated, and analyzed thoroughly, after that, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type, and Parallel-type HMSIW Gysel power divider were designed and analyzed, respectively. Furthermore, based on Parallel-type design, a developed version using two isolation networks was proposed for frequency bandwidth enhancement. All the four prototypes were fabricated and measured for verification and comparison. The good electrical performances and compact configuration indicate the advantages of the proposed concept and an excellent candidate for high power-handling HMSIW/SIW circuits or systems.


Collagen X is a non‐fibril collagen produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes and was believed to associate with the calcification process of growth plate cartilage. The homozygous loss of Col10a1 gene in mice, however, demonstrated no remarkable effects on growth plate formation or skeletal development. To investigate the role of collagen X in human chondrocytes, we established human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with heterozygous (COL10A1+/−) or homozygous (COL10A1−/−) deletions of COL10A1 gene using the dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system. Several mutant clones were established and differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes by a previously reported 3D induction method. No remarkable differences were observed during the differentiation process between parental and mutant cell lines, which differentiated into cells with features of hypertrophic chondrocytes, indicating that collagen X is dispensable for the hypertrophic differentiation of human chondrocytes in vitro. To investigate the effects of collagen X deficiency in vivo, chondrocyte pellets at the proliferating or prehypertrophic stage were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Proliferating pellet‐derived tissues demonstrated the zonal distribution of chondrocytes with the transition to bone tissues mimicking growth plates, and the proportion of bone tended to be larger in COL10A1−/− tissues. Prehypertrophic pellet‐derived tissues produced trabecular bone structures with features of endochondral ossification, and there was no clear difference between parental‐ and mutant‐derived tissues. A transcriptome analysis of chondrocyte pellets at the hypertrophic phase showed a lower expression of proliferating‐phase genes and a higher expression of calcification‐phase genes in COL10A1−/− pellets compared with parental cell pellets. These in vitro and in vivo data suggested that collagen X is dispensable for the hypertrophic differentiation and endochondral ossification of human iPSC‐derived chondrocytes, though it may facilitate the differentiation process. Thus, COL10A1−/− iPSC lines are useful for investigating the physiological role of collagen X in chondrocyte differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


This paper accompanies and discusses the audio-visual work SPEECH, a virtual and evanescent audio-visual work that considers the ephemeral and immediate nature of current media art through the equally ephemeral and immediate processes of speech. Speaking has many inherent gestures, such as the physical gestures of propelling air and shaping the mouth, and the resulting temporal sonic gestures of amplitude, and frequency shifts. These gestures coalesce to reify and communicate mental gestures. These can be represented through notation systems that allow an abstracted representation of speaking that can be stored, reorganized, and published silently. SPEECH interprets phonemic notation of the poem Ambit [8] and movement in its environment as sound and image. It may be presented in concert or installation settings, as a part of the ambience or environment, or for the individual listener via a located computer and headphones, this undefined approach to presentation is essential to the work as it reflects the un-located transience of current media. The version presented here is a bespoke version SPEECH for this presentation. It is part of a trilogy of similar works that include MOTION, and VISION [1] that explore similar themes. These works require complex interactions between their audience and the works themselves, and are designed for prolonged and intimate interaction, in which the audience directly influences the creation and re-creation of the work.


Now that the S.N.P, is a large and important political party in Scottish politics, and with the probability that Scotland will, in the near future, have a devolved legislative Assembly which may increase in authority and become a 'sovereign.' Parliament, a study of the ideological nature of the S.N.P. if; necessary. Shin study is approached in three parts - the 'belief-systems' which Scottish nationalists have on Scotland's history, character and potential are looked at; the policies of the S.N.P. are examined; and the question is asked whether the S.N.P. has brought important now ideas into party politics. The belief-systems of Scottish nationalists are compared with those of non-nationalists in Scotland. It is stated, though, that - with the exception of their evaluation of the desirability of independence - no acrimony divides nationalists and non-nationalists and that nationalists; are not dogmatic In their beliefs., The policies of the S.N.P. are shown to be characterised by a reforming zeal and it is observed that some themes reappear in several of them; most notably the desire to decentralise government and to foster more participation in political processes. Although some members of the S.N.P. believe that it is a 'radical' party which brings forth a significantly fresh consideration of political problems, it is concluded that this is an exaggerated estimation The S.N.P., although it is not a Conservative, Labour or Liberal Party in disguise, is not committed to taking advantage of the opportunities which independence would offer to pursue dynamic new initiatives, initiatives which would fundamentally alter the political, economic and social structure of Scotland. It in content, instead, to seek to reform and improve on the present structure.


The present invention discloses a method for detecting a duplicate address after conflicts, comprising: when the detected address conflict, conflict node retrieval is repeated according to the address list address conflict; conflict checking whether duplicate address hits the address information based on the search result list, if there is no hit, then repeat the configuration according to the address list address conflict, otherwise, updating the duplicate address list information based on the search result; node due to the collision initiate a duplicate address detection based on said duplicate address list information. Accordingly, the present invention also discloses a network node apparatus. The detection method is repeated after the address conflict invention and the network node apparatus, the DAD can initiate a link to detect a change in time, reducing the unavailable node possible conflict period.


A remote gaming system, for those games on a personal computer or a portable computer to remote devices betting agencies or state-run lottery gambling authorities, and without betting agencies associated with the host computer to establish any link online; computer game at least one betting opportunity and allow players to get credit of gold and cash winnings of any outcome; the host computer through a series allow players to add their password and exchanged between betting agencies and cash credits to buy gold in the distance, or another solution is to be used with a computer game or gold credit module provided to the player and a personal computer with a pre-loaded credit gold.


It provides a cable management device and method of use. The cable manager is used to store, transport, and operation of a cable or the like, such as an extension cable. The cable manager includes a base (12), said base portion by a continuous coil (76) forming the cable in the base (12) around (74) and the cable (74) wound around. Provided a flexible tape (26) for said coiled cable (74) secured to said cable manager, and a coil secured to each of the cable (76), to prevent transport or storage during the coil is entangled. In an alternative embodiment, the base (12) of the manager is retractable, so as to be adjustable in length, the cable end clamp (54) is provided to limit the free end portion of the cable means (42) movement, the forced locking the base (12) is disposed, and a stopper member to the strap (26) is releasably secured within said grooves (32) (34) are provided. May also be provided to extend the cable (90), said extension cable having a cable end portion for connection to a clamp (56) integrally molded cable adapter (60 ').


As more and more people favor the concept of low-carbon for environmental protection,the eastern Inner Mongolia, with its rich resources of nomadic folk culture and distinctive features,has become a pleasant tourist attraction. This thesis,based on the distribution,patterns and strengths of the tourist resources of normadic folk customs,designs a space distribution of tourism development in which resources and the market will match well,and a pedigree of ethnic tourism products. Additionally,the paper examplifies the nomadic folk tourism with concrete product design and development program.


The present article discusses the relation between antinarcotics and counterinsurgency. As explained by several criminologists, insurgencies may experience processes of transformation when they establish connections with criminal organizations or when they increasingly develop criminal activities by themselves. The case with narcotics is a clear example. States have confronted such insurgencies through a combination of antinarcotics and counterinsurgency instruments, but according to several scholars, they are both at odds and the former is actually counterproductive for the latter. This article explains how these two concepts are in fact interdependent and mutually necessary. In the end, it proposes the bases, and only the bases, for a particular theoretical framework on the relation between counterinsurgency and antinarcotics, without fully discussing the details that would constitute a paradigm.


The highly unsteady free surface flow around a rowing oar blade in motion is investigated using modelling techniques. The ability of the numerical model to replicate this complex flow is demonstrated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate previously performed steady-state experiments involving a qum1er-scale rowing blade in a water flume. A comparison of drag and lift coefficients from the experiments and the simulations reveals excellent agreement, providing confidence in the numerical model to handle similar flow conditions. The computational domain is then expanded to simulate a full-scale blade in open water conditions, and steady-state drag and lift coefficients are compared to those previously simulated for a qum1er-scale blade in a flume, revealing substantial differences in magnitude. The computational domain is then modified to allow for oar rotation, as in actual rowing. A force-based rowing model is derived, calculating the instantaneous velocity of a shell based on the propulsive force generated by the motion of the oar blade in the water, the hydrodynamic drag on the shell, and the motion of the rowers within the shell. Using the shell velocity and a prescribed oar angular velocity, the CFD model calculates the highly unsteady blade flow, providing instantaneous drag, lift, and propulsive forces on the blade, in tum driving the rowing model.


At the outset, let me congratulate you, Mr . Chairman as well as the members of the Bureau on your election and express our appreciation of the efforts to organize this session of the Commission on Sustainable Development. Although Serbia and Montenegro fully aligned itself with the statement made by Austria on behalf of the European Union, I would like to stress several points from our national perspective . At this year s session we are analyzing the existing gaps and the challenges that lie ahead . Our deliberations will lay the foundations for the CSD-15 where we shall make decisions on the policy recommendations for improved implementation of the international energy, industrial, air pollution and climate change targets. Serbia and Montenegro is keen on seeing concrete steps which will incorporate measurable and trackable shortand mid-term targets, with clearly identified responsibilities and progress reports .


by Scott Eagan, Madonna House farmer. What do I breathe in on those frozen winter mornings when the world is so full of hardship yet glimmering with beauty? Trees to fell, snow to clear, hay to feed and fires...


In a warm standby sparing system, the standby units have time-dependent failure behavior; they have different failure parameters or in general distributions before and after they are used to replace the on-line faulty units. Such time-dependent behavior makes the reliability analysis of warm standby system a challenging task. Existing approaches to analyzing the reliability of warm standby systems include Markov-based methods, simulation-based methods, and combinatorial me thods. Those approaches, however, have one or more of the following limitations: 1) requiring long computation time especially when results with high degree of accuracy are desired, 2) requiring exponential time-to-failure distribution for system components, and 3) involving difficult tasks of computing convolution of multiple integrals. In this paper, based on the central limit theorem, a computationally-efficient approximate method is proposed for the reliability analysis of warm standby systems. The proposed approach has no limitation on the time-to-failure distributions for the system components. Several case studies using different time-to-failure distributions and system sizes are performed to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.


CPDLC-DCL (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications-Departure Clearance) began in 2016 with 62 Towers in the United States. The application of this procedure is to utilize equipment different from existing ACARS PDCs or ACARS-DCLs. The purpose of this study is to provide information and understanding of CPDLC-DCL operation methods. .Also, B747-8 aircraft considered operational cases related to departure procedures at U.S. airports. This procedure is currently not mandatory but will be mandatory in the future. The Flight Crew Procedures for CPDLC-DCL, as an appendix, will be a useful resource for B747-8 pilots.


Due to significant difference of thermal expansion coefficients between ceramic and metal, the residual stresses are deemed to be induced into the interior of matrix composites within the ceramic-metal seal systems. Many investigations of the residual stresses distributions on dissimilar solid materials joints so far have been carried out theoretically and experimentally, whereas ones of the residual stresses distributions within the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal systems are rarely performed. In order to obtain information for improving their seal structures in the future, the residual stresses distributions resulted from the thermal expansion behavior in the typical configuration of the thin-walled ceramic-metal seal are investigated by theoretical formulae, experimental observation and finite element method (FEM) simulation in this paper. The changing trends of the computational results of the residual stresses distributions agree with the experimental results of the measurement with X-ray diffractometer. The overall residual stresses are found to increase drastically near the welding interfaces. The highest tensile stress occurs at the outer surfaces of the ceramic near the welding interfaces.


The article presents a reflection on the use and dealing with the social-scientific matters (SC) in future teachers. This teaching strategy generates concerns related with the influence of science and technology in society and in the environment (CTSE), promotes compromises in the education of attitudes and behaviors which are favorable for the achievement of a sustainable development, and reflects about the diverse environmental problems product of individual interests away from biological and cultural conservation. The SC allow the connection in a more striking way with a diversity of disciplinary topics, not only in order to obtain a cognitive learning in the students, but also the development of social, ethics and cultural capacities which promote an education for the sustainability with actions channeled to responsible social behavior when making decisions with a foundation. For this reason, the notions about the CTSE approach and the advantages of using the CS are dealt with, thus illustrating the reflections that teachers are requested to make.


This paper assesses the Responsibility to Protect ('R2P') principle as an emerging norm of customary international law, and as an effective political strategy in responding to mass atrocity crimes.The proponents of R2P believe that it has the status of an emerging norm. This analysis accepts that R2P should be evaluated as a 'soft law' norm'. Soft law norms are generally the result of a consensus in international forums expressed in normative terms of general application.An emerging norm is one which 'does not yet satisfy the requirements for the creation of custom but is regarded as likely to do so over time'. The test whether R2P is an emerging soft law norm would be whether a relevant international forum is likely to form a consensus in support of R2P.The majority of the members of the Human Rights Council in 2007 repudiated the application of R2P to the situation in Darfur. This response of the Human Rights Council shows that R2P is not, on present indications, 'likely' to emerge as a soft law norm over time.This analysis also shows that the theory of soft law making is not merely a conveniently amorphous substitute for rigorous examination of the evidence of a customary norm. It is possible to test whether a soft law norm has been established or qualifies as an 'emerging norm'.The response of the Human Rights Council to the situation in Darfur also shows that R2P has not served as a trigger for an effective political response to mass atrocity crimes.


Preface Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Border at the Crossroad Chapter 3: The Creolization of Race Chapter 4: Cimarrones: The Seed of Subversion Chapter 5: Criollismo Religioso Chapter 6: Race, Identity, and Nation Notes Bibliography Index Oil Revolution: Anticolonial Elites, Sovereign Rights, and the Economic Culture of Decolonization. By Christopher R. W. Dietrich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. 352. $34.99 paper.


A curriculnm design is a comprehensive training that aims at one course,playing an important role in the student's solving the actual problems with the theories and curtivating their ability to create.PIC control techology has been widely used in the practical production,and it is important for the students studying machine-elevtronic to be developed.Applying the electronic-technology curriculum design and the automafic system from PLC to our practical teaching results in a better effect.


The dynamic and unstable environment and the VUCA world, which represents the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of the times in which we live, have brought new challenges to organizations. In this article, we answer the research question How can business leaders in a company respond to the challenges posed by the VUCA world in the business environment? The answer must be sought within the determinants of future organizational changes or the so-called agile organization, which can quickly adapt to the VUCA world. To ensure an innovative, dynamic and agile business environment, VUCA also needs to create a new management model that pays attention to the development of HRM 4.0.


Fusion-Fission Hybrid System (FFHS) is one of the promising options to transmute long-lived radioisotopes in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) [1-5]. Compared to the critical fast reactor, FFHS has the same fast neutron spectrum but fewer constraints on reactivity control during a cycle length. The decrease of k-eff caused by fissile burning can be compensated by controlling the external neutron source rate to a subcritical system. While, this advantage leads to a shortcoming of practical application, because it is not easy to change the required external source rate depending on a large reactivity swing. In FFHS, the fusion power should be increased a lot during a cycle causing the significant change in neutron irradiation wall loading as well as big change in tritium supply rate, those are difficulties in plasma tokamak operation. However, FFHS can be driven with constant fusion power by using a molten salt fuel system. In this system, feeding and extracting of fuel and waste is available anytime with desired rate through online treatment. In this paper, FFHS with constant fusion power was designed on the online-feeding scenarios, then evaluation of neutonics performance was conducted for comparison. All neutronics calculations were performed by SERPENT 2.1.29 with ENDF/B-VII.0 neutron cross section library to simulate online-feeding using mass flow option [6].


In the current study, the relation of the frequency of sport participation and gender to CRF, muscular strength and flexibility, body composition, physical activity self-efficacy, and physical self-concept in a sample of 629 sixth graders were examined. Because both physical activity and sport participation have been related to similar outcomes, activity through physical education was controlled by including only 6th graders who were part of a required school class. MANCOVA analyses demonstrated that sport involvement was significantly related to improvements in physical fitness (i.e., CRF and muscular strength), physical activity self-efficacy, and physical self-concept (CRF and muscular strength). The interaction between sport involvement and gender was not significant, suggesting these relationships existed equally for the boys and girls.


The number of the children who use internet have being more and more,along with the computer and web developped.Due to children' values and judegment are not very consummate,web must bring lots of blight to them.In the USA,great effort to portect children have been made when they use the web.The paper analyzes American correlative measures from three points of views in order to assist children's online privacy protection in China.


The Gulf of Mexico and northern Venezuela both formed as Mesozoic passive margins initiated by a Late TriassicEarly Jurassic rifting phase. Rifting was followed by an Early to Middle Jurassic sag basin phase characterized by the widespread deposition of evaporites in the Gulf of Mexico and the establishment of a Jurassic-mid Cretaceous carbonate passive margin. In Mexico, this passive margin also became a circum-Pacific backarc basin. Beginning in the Senonian, the Gulf of Mexico and Venezuela evolved in different directions. The northern Gulf of Mexico evolved into one of the world's largest siliciclastic depocenters and a giant oil province characterized by complex growth faulting, spectacular salt tectonics, and an evaporite-based deep-water décollement folded belt. The western Gulf of Mexico includes the Paleogene Sierra Madre Oriental, the Neogene Sierra de Chiapas-Reforma/Campeche basins (a second giant oil province), and the Neogene uplift of the Mexican Plateau. Both folded belts are conjugate to the west-dipping subduction zone that was active on Mexico's west coast. Northern Venezuela developed in an overall transpressional setting related to the relative eastward indentation of the Caribbean plate. This process led to the Neogene transpressional uplift of the Western Andes which defines the Maracaibo Basin—yet another giant oil province. An eastward migrating Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene-Neogene foredeep is associated with the relative eastward displacement of the Caribbean plate, leading to the formation of a fourth giant petroleum province in eastern Venezuela. Towards the Orinoco delta, the Neogene foredeep merges with the preserved Atlantic margin. The relatively underexplored northern Venezuela offshore is characterized by extensive transtensional faulting related to the complex strain partitioning associated with the Bocono-El Pilar strike-slip fault system and the boundary of the Caribbean and South American plates at depth. Tables 1, 2 and 3 contrast the evolution of folded belts of the deep-water Gulf of Mexico with folded belts of Venezuela and emphasize the importance of the regional context. When contemplating the future of basin modeling, it may be useful to look ahead and plan for model sequences that follow the evolution of a given passive margin as it morphs into various types of active margins, such as those described in this abstract. 8 Review of the Tectonic History of the Lower Rio Grande Border Region, South Texas and Mexico, and Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration Ewing, Thomas E. Frontera Exploration Consultants 13011 Hunters Ledge San Antonio, Texas 78230-2025


The utilization of heat of reaction and energy optimization within ethoxylation reactive distillation(ERD)column,which involves reactions with highly thermal effect,was studied by using the mathematical model and simulation method.A typical ethoxylation system,the synthesis of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether(EGMBE)from ethylene oxide(EO)and n-butanol was employed as example.Firstly,the conventional column design,into which a reactive section was superimposed onto a stripping section,was used as a base case for analysis,and detailed simulations were carried out to investigate the influence of heat of reaction on the process performance.The results obtained showed that,by the adoption of the conventional design of ERD column,the heat of reaction was finally removed from condenser by cooling medium,i.e.,the heat of reaction could not be directly utilized in ERD column for improving the separation operation or reducing the heat duty of reboiler.Based on this,the approaches to utilizing heat of reaction was analyzed,and an internally heat-integrated ethoxylation reactive distillation structure,IHIERD,was proposed to maximize the energy efficiency of system,into which the reactive section and stripping section was partitioned into two parts with different operating pressures.In such arrangement,the heat of reaction can be allowed as heat resource to be drawn from reactive section to supply stripping section,and therefore the heat duty of reboiler in IHIERD can be reduced.The saving effectiveness of different designs was analyzed and compared by using simulations.The results obtained demonstrated that the IHIERD leads to a reduction of the reboiler temperature from 462.5Kto 420.0K,a reduction of the heat duties of condenser and the total energy input by 11% and 14%,respectively,which indicated that the energy saving was obvious.


This study investigated the effect of hypermedia on enhancing vocabulary learning among non-native English speakers. Participants were 63 volunteer, international graduate students, enrolled in an Intensive English Program, English as a Foreign Language, or graduate program at a mid-Atlantic university. Variables measured included vocabulary learning, computer anxiety and attitude, and learning patterns. Treatment consisted of five sessions using hypermedia courseware, followed by a posttest and retention test 2 weeks later. A statistical analysis of the data showed that the participants' performance in achievement increased significantly; computer anxiety decreased; performance in achievement was found to be related to the levels of computer anxiety; and findings on the effects of field dependence/independence were conflicting. The paper provides the theoretical assumptions for a semantic network-based hypermedia learning environment. Tables and figures illustrate the statistical findings. (Contains 30 references.) (ALF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CMIce of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document haS been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or Opinions stated in this CIOCu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy


The conditioned eyelid response was developed in 45 Ss. A pure tone served as CS and a puff of air to the cornea was utilized as UCS. The magnitude of the reinforcing puff was varied in such a way that for one group of Ss the series generated an arithmetic mean intensity of 6.5 psi and a geometric mean of 4.5 psi. Control groups were stimulated at a constant value of 4.5 or 6.5 psi throughout training which consisted of 70 trials for all groups. Conditioning occurred in all groups with differences significant between the constant groups and the 6.5 psi constant group and the variable group. Failure to find a significant difference between the 4.5-psi constant group and the variable group is interpreted as support of the contention of Helson that it is the geometric mean of a series of stimuli which is its best representative value.


We report the sequential two-step pulsed laser deposition of nanostructures consisting of ZnO thin films covered with Au nanoparticles. Zn and Au targets were alternatively submitted to pulses generated by a frequency tripled Nd:yttrium aluminium garnet (λ=355nm, τ∼10ns, ν=10Hz) laser. The ZnO films were synthesized in 20Pa oxygen pressure, whereas the subsequent Au coverage was applied in vacuum. The dynamics of Au nanoparticles grown on the ZnO thin-films surface was studied by atomic force microscopy as a function of number of laser pulses applied for the ablation of the Au target. The nanoparticle diameters increase with the number of laser pulses while their height decreases. The local electric properties of the uncoated (reference) and coated with Au ZnO thin films was investigated by current sensing mode atomic force microscopy.


The SEG Executive Committee, at its meeting in May, approved a petition by the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft e.V. (DGG; German Geo-physical Society) to become an SEG Section/Associated Society. The first joint activity between the societies will be the Near-surface Honorary Lecture by Rick Miller on 1 October 2012 in Berlin followed by one on 3 October 2012 in Hannover. DGG is actually eight years older than SEG. It was founded in 1922 by a group of geophysicists associated with famed seismologist Emil Wiechert, and is the principal professional society of the geophysical community in Germany. DGG currently has 1100 active members in 34 countries; this includes students and professionals as well as individual and corporate memberships.


This paper describes the theories of ushul fiqh as an approached in the study of hadith criticism matn and try to answer the question to what extent ushul accommodated by science musthalah al- Hadith . The findings from this study is that the theories of usul fiqh as Jam' al - riwayah , nasikh - mansukh , tarjih, and maqasid al - Sharia are important theories used by the experts of hadith, although in practice, sometimes there are different results among scholars of usul fiqh and hadith scholars in addressing honor a tradition that was born contradictory.


During winter, energetic expenditure is high, day are short, and food is often scarce. Many small birds cope with winter weather by daily depositing rat reserves approximately equal to the amount of energy they will expend the following night. We modelled fat reserve levels for small birds over a 100-day winter. We assumed that: a) Expected energetic requirement was greatest in nindwinter, mimicking long, cold nights. b) Energetic requirement varied around the expected value. c) Food was always available but feeding entailed a predation hazard


A Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM) interference cancellation method for a radio frequency module and a relevant apparatus. The relevant apparatus comprises a digital intermediate frequency unit in the radio frequency module, the radio frequency module and an FDD base station system. A PIM component in the radio frequency module is eliminated to a certain extent, and an interference of PIM to a receiving performance of the radio frequency module is reduced. In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, the digital intermediate frequency unit in the radio frequency module comprises: an acquisition sub-unit for acquiring a digital transmitting signal from a transmitting channel of the radio frequency module; a computation sub-unit for performing non-linear transformation on the digital transmitting signal to generate a cancellation signal for cancelling the PIM component; and a superposition sub-unit for reversely superposing the cancellation signal on a receiving channel of the radio frequency module to cancel the PIM component in a receiving signal.


Aiming to the security control for data transmission between networks with different security levels, this paper establishes a security model that adapts to the different security level networks for data transmission control, designs the network transmission control technical architecture based on the model, and achieves the safety requirements of transmission control.


In this paper, six constructions of difference families are presented. These constructions make use of difference sets, almost difference sets and disjoint difference families, and give new point of views of relationships among these combinatorial objects. Most of the constructions work for all finite groups. Though these constructions look simple, they produce many difference families with new parameters. In addition to the six new constructions, new results about intersection numbers are also derived.


The kinetics of the transition γ→β Li2ZnSiO4 have been studied in the range 480–855 °C and in the reverse direction over the range 906–940 °C. X-ray powder diffraction was used to determine the degree of transformation in powdered samples annealed isothermally for various times. At most temperatures, the data could be analysed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation and a rate constant value extracted. At two temperatures, 480 and 855 °C, the data appear to fit an autocatalytic rate law. The effect of particle size on transformation rate was studied at one temperature, 572 °C; the rate increased with decreasing particle size. An Arrhenius plot of rate constant data was constructed; below ca. 780 °C, a straight line was obtained for the γ→β transformation with an activation energy of 147 ± 20 kJ mol–1. As the equilibrium transition temperature, 880 ± 20 °C, was approached the transition rates in both directions decreased increasingly rapidly. In the range ca. 860–900 °C no detectable transformation in either direction occurred for heating times of up to two weeks. The temperature dependence of the γ→β transition rate has been modelled satisfactorily by regarding the transformation as a modified, microscopically reversible transformation at all temperatures, subject to the constraint that macroscopically the phase rule must be obeyed. The rate data have also been presented on a time–temperature–transformation diagram. The enthalpy of the β⇌γ transition was determined by d.t.a. as 3.8 ± 1.0 kJ mol–1.


The effect of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent on tensile and water absorption properties of eggshell powder (ESP) filled recycled high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (rHDPE/EVA) composites were investigated. The composites were prepared using a Brabender internal mixer at 190 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm, where ESP loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 phr) and constant rHDPE/EVA (50/50) were used. The results indicate that the tensile modulus and water absorption increased, but tensile strength and elongation at break decreased, with increased ESP loading. The addition of the APTES to the composites exhibited a higher tensile strength and tensile modulus, but lower elongation at break and equilibrium water absorption percentage than composites without APTES. The presence of APTES has enhanced the interfacial adhesion between rHDPE/EVA matrices and ESP which result in higher tensile strength and modulus. Copyright © 2015 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.


The invention discloses a charging device for an injection molding machine, comprising a raw material tank, a pneumatic transmission mechanism and a transmission hosepipe, wherein the discharging hole of the raw material tank is connected with the pneumatic transmission mechanism; the pneumatic transmission mechanism transmits raw materials from the transmission hosepipe to a charging hopper of the injection molding machine; and the charging hopper of the injection molding machine is provided with a raw material measurement sensor for measuring the amount of the raw materials in the charging hopper and feeding the raw materials information back to the pneumatic transmission mechanism in order to control the pneumatic transmission mechanism to transmit the raw materials. Because the technical scheme is adopted in the invention, the raw material tank is arranged on the ground, and the raw materials are transmitted by the pneumatic transmission mechanism to the charging hopper of the injection molding machine at a higher position via the transmission hosepipe without artificial feeding, and once the materials are insufficient, the raw materials measurement sensor feeds the material-lack information back to the pneumatic transmission mechanism, so that the pneumatic transmission mechanism can timely work to transmit the raw materials to the charging hopper of the injection molding machine.


This review synthesizes the findings of studies of the use of rubrics in education settings published from 2005 to 2013. The review included studies only if the rubrics involved met the definition of having coherent sets of criteria and performance level descriptions for those criteria. Compared to the results of a previous review by Jonsson and Svingby (Educational Research Review 2(2): 130–144, 2007), the frequency, scope, and rigor of studies of rubrics have increased in recent years. Rubrics yield information of sufficient quality if certain conditions are met, most notably having clear and focused criteria. Evidence regarding the effects of rubrics on performance is positive overall. Evidence of the effects of rubrics on self-regulation of learning is mixed, though positive associations between rubric use and motivation to learn were identified in some studies.


Professor K. J. Arrow (1) has shown that under very general rationality conditions it is impossible to obtain a social ordering from indi vidual orderings. This holds no matter what the method of arriving at the social ordering from individual orderings may be. In particular, under general conditions the method of majority de cisions will lead to intransitivity of social ordering which can be explained as follows.


Learning causal structure is useful in many areas of artificial intelligence, including planning, robotics, and explanation. Constraint-based structure learning algorithms such as PC use conditional independence (CI) tests to infer causal structure. Traditionally, constraint-based algorithms perform CI tests with a preference for smaller-sized conditioning sets, partially because the statistical power of conventional CI tests declines rapidly as the size of the conditioning set increases. However, many modern conditional independence tests are model-based, and these tests use well-regularized models that maintain statistical power even with very large conditioning sets. This suggests an intriguing new strategy for constraint-based algorithms which may result in a reduction of the total number of CI tests performed: Test variable pairs with large conditioning sets first, as a pre-processing step that finds some conditional independencies quickly, before moving on to the more conventional strategy that favors small conditioning sets. We propose such a pre-processing step for the PC algorithm which relies on performing CI tests on a few randomly selected large conditioning sets. We perform an empirical analysis on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that correspond to real-world systems and both empirical and theoretical analyses for Erd\H{o}s-Renyi DAGs. Our results show that Pre-Processing Plus PC (P3PC) performs far fewer CI tests than the original PC algorithm, between 0.5% to 36%, and often less than 10%, of the CI tests that the PC algorithm alone performs. The efficiency gains are particularly significant for the DAGs corresponding to real-world systems.


The transition to the construction facilities design, that involves the application of information models, strengthens the requirements for the comfortable perception of such models by their users and consumers. The presented research work has a description of an information model that accompanies a construction facility at each stage of its lifecycle. The article addresses the usability notion in the context of the emergency scenarios' information modelling at construction facilities. The co-authors offer an infographic model of a building information model lifecycle. The information model lifecycle analysis has given an opportunity to identify the production and consumption stages of an information model. Positions of the stakeholders, involved in the usability engineering of an information model, have been determined.


Poster: "ECR 2010 / C-0907 / Whole body FDG-PET/CT combined with integrated CT-perfusion study for lung cancer patients: Initial results in a single step staging" by: "C. Capraro, D. Ippolito, L. Guerra, G. Di Pisa, C. Messa, S. Sironi; Monza/IT"


We have studied double Auger decay after C 1s→2 photoexcitation in gas phase carbon monoxide. Two distinct processes, namely direct double Auger decay and cascade double Auger decay, are identified and studied in detail using multiple coincidence techniques. Cascade Auger decay is shown to be the overall
dominant process. Decay channels involving the dissociation of the molecule followed by autoionization of the oxygen fragments are observed.


Background To date, no symptomatic forms of epicrania fugax (EF) have been reported. Here, we describe the first EF-type pain to be probably caused by an underlying disorder. Case report A 77-year-old woman started suffering from left V1–V2 trigeminal neuralgia at 72 years of age. Neurologic examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left middle sphenoid wing meningioma compressing the left trigeminal nerve medially. After trying several neuromodulators, she received stereotactic radiotherapy. One month later, the episodes of facial pain were significantly diminished, but she started feeling brief electric paroxysms across her left hemicranium that were clinically identical to those of backwards EF. Serial MRI showed persistence of the meningioma without changes. Conclusion Although the pathogenesis of EF remains uncertain, this case is consistent with a symptomatic origin in the trigeminal root/pathway. The onset of the EF-like pain could have been caused by the compressive effect of the tumour or, most likely, by the radiation.


It has been estimated that nearly 1 million adverse cardiac events occur each year following noncardiac operations.[1][1] Having a myocardial infarction (MI) after surgery, even when the only manifestation is an isolated biomarker (ie, troponin) elevation, increases the risk of long-term death.[2][2


This work deals with the application of prediction error (PE) method to identify the furnace temperature models from a set of closed-loop data. In this study, we gather a set of measurement data of the set points of the furnace zone temperatures as inputs and the furnace sidewall temperatures as outputs under a dynamic change of the slab pace rate. Owing to the complexity of its process dynamics, we assume no knowledge about the nature of the feedback mechanism. By treating the slab pace rate as an additive external signal, we show that the closed-loop data is informative for applying a direct approach to the closed-loop identification using the PE method, but only for a particular class of model structures. Model validation results support this analysis, in which the identified ARX, Box–Jenkins, and state-space models are reasonably better than the identified FIR models, according to the Akaike's index and the one-step-ahead prediction criteria. The residual analysis reveals that the identified ARX, Box–Jenkins, and state-space models do satisfy a 99% confidence region of its auto- and cross-correlation functions. Moreover, we find out that, for the collected data, there is no significant difference in the model predictive quality when applying the MISO and MIMO PE methods using the state-space model structure. © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Not just the society and the technical level have changed during the human history but the nutritional habits as well. the former balanced energy and nutrients intake were upset in the last 2-3 generations. the energy intake has grown rapidly and at the same time its utilization decreased as well as the nutrients content of our foods decreased. therefore the illnesses of civilization (e.g.: obesity, osteoporosis, malignant tumours, high blood pressure) have spread quickly. modern people have to find the best way of life, nutritional habits among changed life circumstances to be able to decrease the negative effects of these illnesses.


SUMMARY The importance of breastfeeding in the prevention of oral habits associated with sucking and swallowing has been rising its importance as a problem of investigation. With the objective to deepen in this topic, a sample of 226 children from the Gran Caracas was examined. A survey was made to each mother where demographic characteristics, breastfed period and presence of oral habits were collected. The statistical analyses were based on the chi-square distribution and the logistic regression model. The results showed that more than half of the children were breastfed for 6 months or more (58%). The relative risks for children breastfed for a period of less than 6 months compared with the children breastfed for 6 months or more was 6 for the acquisition of deforming oral habits. The results showed the positive effect of breastfeeding in the prevention of oral habits associated with sucking and swallowing.


Purpose : We investigated the predictive values of relative CBV measured with perfusion MR imaging, and relative CBF measured with SPECT for tissue outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Material and Methods : Thirteen patients, who had acute unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion, underwent perfusion MR imaging, and SPECT within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. Lesion-to-contralateral ratios of perfusion parameters were measured, and best cut-off values of both parameter ratios with their accuracy to discriminate between regions with and without evolving infarction were calculated. Results : Mean relative CBV ratios in regions with evolving infarction and without evolving infarction were and (p and (p 0.05 between two parameters). Conclusion Measurement of relative CBV and relative CBE may be useful in predicting tissue outcome in acute ischemic stroke.


Stands of spring wheat grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to assess the individual and interactive effects of season-long exposure to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) on the photosynthetic and gas exchange properties of leaves of differing age and position within the canopy. The observed effects were related to estimated ozone fluxes to individual leaves. Foliar chlorophyll content was unaffected by elevated CO 2 , but photosynthesis under saturating irradiances was increased by up to 100% at 680 μmol mol -1 CO 2 relative to the ambient CO 2 control; instantaneous water use efficiency was improved by a combination of increased photosynthesis and reduced transpiration. Exposure to a seasonal mean O 3 concentration (7 h d -1 ) of 84 nmol mol - - 1 under ambient CO 2 accelerated leaf senescence following full expansion, at which time chlorophyll content was unaffected. Stomatal regulation of pollutant uptake was limited since estimated O 3 fluxes to individual leaves were not reduced by elevated atmospheric CO 2 . A common feature of 03-treated leaves under ambient CO 2 was an initial stimulation of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance for up to 4 d and 10 d, respectively, after full leaf expansion, but thereafter both variables declined rapidly. The 03-induced decline in chlorophyll content was less rapid under elevated CO 2 and photosynthesis was increased relative to the ambient CO 2 treatment. A/C i analyses suggested that an increase in the amount of in vivo active RuBisCO may be involved in mitigating O 3 -induced damage to leaves. The results obtained suggest that elevated atmospheric CO 2 has an important role in restricting the damaging effects of O 3 on photosynthetic activity during the vegetative growth of spring wheat, and that additional direct effects on reproductive development were responsible for the substantial reductions in grain yield obtained at final harvest, against which elevated CO 2 provided little or no protection.


This qualitative study addresses the lack of research into the role of trusted adults in the spiritual lives of children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine children from a British primary school and the data analysed using a grounded theory approach. Six categories were identified outlining the reciprocal relationship of unavailability and withholding between children and their trusted adults and how children made sense of spirituality in the absence of explicit guidance. It was found that the children had little opportunity for negotiating a shared understanding or experience of spirituality with adults and, as a result, either preserved an isolated and secret sense of spirituality or accepted what they observed to be their trusted adults' stance. The practical and theoretical implications of the children's responses in the absence of trusted adults are discussed and recommendations are made for practice and future research.


In 1954, through Departmental Order (Administrative Council of Cundinamarca) Bogota joined with nearby municipalities (Usaquen, Suba, Engativa, Fontibon, Bosa and Usme) configured as District. Despite remain as foundational centers declared Cultural Heritage Material, these annexes have not been valued patrimonially by the community that lives there, and over time have lost their historical and cultural significance, showing a total lack of cohesion between them and the Capital District since its connotation as cultural assets. Social, territorial and economic relations between them basically do not exist today. This article presents the values obtained from the Declaration and the perception that the community has of them for their appropriation, exercise achieved from an academic process with the participation of students of Architecture of the University's Great Colombia.


Air temperature is a crucial climatic component. Because of ever-changing weather, the prediction has evolved into a difficult feat. This research aims to predict the maximum temperature of the central region of Thailand by Gene expression programming (GEP). This technique is a fast and precise prediction technique results using climate measurements from previous years. The variables needed to construct the model are the daily maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, and precipitation. Using Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) statistics, the performance of the GEP was examined. The results indicate that the GEP is reliable for predicting daily temperatures.


Magnesium hydroxide was synthesized by way of reverse precipitation using magnesium chloride and ammonia as raw materials.The samples were modified and blended with high-density polyethylene blends in different proportions.Such properties were tested as mechanical properties,flame retardancy,machining property.Some related influencing factors were discussed.The results showed that blending system with the retardant content of 20% had comprehensive properties.


The defect of the Lyapunov exponents calculation method based on BP neural network model is analyzed, and a novel method to calculate Lyapunov exponents of chaotic time series based on combination strategy is proposed. Because this method can approximate the nonlinear part and linear part of a given objective function at the same time, its calculation preciseness is higher than the method based on BP neural network. In the end, the new method is applied to computing the Lyapunov exponents of Henon map. By means of analyzing and comparing, it shows that the suggested method is more precise and practicable in the calculation of Lyapunov exponents.


A new ester - Guerbet alcohol stearicates is synthesized by using stearic acid and Guerbet alcohol in presence of catalyst - NOVOZYM435. The primiry factors of influencing esterification are investigated. The product of the esterification is identified by IR. The optimutn condition is found variance analysis by and orthogonal experiment, with four levels and three factors.


The concentration of plasma testosterone was found to be within the range for normal adult men in 3 typical instances of the feminizing testes syndrome. Gonadectomy resulted in a sharp decrease in plasma values of testosterone, although the lowest level reached was still somewhat above the range for castrated men and normal females. Evidence was obtained showing that the adrenal cortex contributed, in part, to the circulating level of testosterone. In vitro biosynthesis of testicular tissue showed it capable of synthesizing testosterone from progesterone and androstenedione and estrogens from testosterone and androstenedione. A phenolic steroid metabolite was also obtained from the latter 2 substrates which closely resembled the chromatographic characteristics of equilenin.


For single sink multi-hop wireless sensor networks, the nodes close to the sink node forward the total network traffic to the sink. Hence, they exhaust their energy faster and energy-holes are formed near the sink node that reduces the lifetime of the network. To enhance the network lifetime and to reduce the packet delay, multiple sink node deployment strategies are proposed for better load balancing, where the network is partitioned into a number of subgraphs or clusters around unique sinks to gather data. For a large WSN, network lifetime is inversely proportional to the cluster diameter in terms of number of hops and the cost is directly proportional to the number of clusters i.e. the number of sinks. In this paper, a novel multi-sink deployment technique is proposed to optimize both the number of clusters and the cluster diameter, following a graph theoretic approach. Based on the classical random graph decomposition theorem [13], given a bound D on the cluster diameter, we propose a distributed greedy cluster-formation algorithm on randomly generated networks to generate a predefined number of clusters. Extensive simulation studies show that, the proposed algorithm generates clusters and the cluster diameter remains close to the bound D, in most of the cases.


Any comments on the angiography of vascular lesions of the nose and surrounding cavities will be largely on the angiography of the nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. This tumor, the most common benign tumor of the nasopharynx, is extremely vascular and lends itself well to this type of investigation. Recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction, the usual presenting problems of patients harboring this tumor, are usually alleviated with excision. The major problem with angiofibromata is their tendency to recur, even after extensive resection has been performed. A recent review of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas reveals that of 30 patients treated with this lesion, 17 suffered one or more recurrences subsequent to the initial therapy. A total of 30 recurrences occurred in the 17 patients. Most of these occurred within the first year after the initial surgery. Although none of the patients treated succumbed to the angiofibroma, there is great individual disability from these recurrent lesions and every attempt should be made to eradicate the tumor completely on the first attempt. All of the above noted tumors were found to be unilateral in origin. Nine of the 30 evaluated showed extension into the sphenoethmoidal space, the maxillary antrum or the pterygomaxillary space, upon initial presentation. This may be a low estimate, since there is often considerable difficulty in the evaluation of the total extent of the tumor by clinical and standard radiographic techniques. If the full extent of the lesion can he shown, total removal is more feasible.


UNAIDS (2015) reports that globally there are currently 36.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the extensive biomedical, social and cultural research that has been conducted globally, Muslims have largely been absent in the discourse on HIV/AIDS. Worldwide, studies are few and statistical information about Muslims living with HIV/AIDS is lacking. The formulation of intervention programmes, amongst Muslims, is therefore challenging when information about the particular population group is scarce. This paper seeks to conceptualise HIV/AIDS amongst Muslims of Indian descent in Durban, South Africa, with an aim to uncover the social and cultural context of the disease. South African Indian Muslims are part of the worldwide Indian diasporic dialogue and as such certain cultural traditions are shared which influence the manner in which the disease is interpreted and experienced by this group. The study is exploratory in nature and seeks to understand the social and cultural challenges that HIV+ Muslims of Indian descent in Durban, face. Research findings are based on life histories that have been conducted with key participants in order to reveal the hidden nature of HIV/AIDS in the Indian Muslim community of Durban, South Africa.


The purpose of this study is to collect basic data for 'the development of welfare service customized for the elderly' and furthermore provide policy suggestions for enhance welfare services for them in communities, and therefore, understanding local seniors' entire life conditions and needs for welfare service, who live in Masanhoiwon-gu, Changwon-si. To this end, this study would attempt to examine their life conditions and needs for welfare, 600 senior citizens aged 60 or order in Masanheowon-gu, Changwon-si. The findings show that the community has had several difficulties such as increase of the elderly living alone and their poor economic status, chronic illness and lack of volunteer work. Based on them, this study proposed a policy agenda for municipalities to resolve the welfare needs of the elderly.


Abstract : In this era of globalization, the tourism industry is the largest contributing are in various countries in the world. The absorption of the tourism industry on employment until the year 2020, more than 10%, 11% of the Global GDP, and total activity of tourist travel is projected to continue to rise to 16 billion (Speirs,2010 in Setyaningsih,2017). Indonesia is a country that has various potential nature, flora, fauna and culture that can be processed for attracting tourists. Purworejo has a potential offauna typical of the area in the form of Etawa Goat Kaligesing already known excellence quality of milk up to the many goats are exported to foreign countries such asMalaysia and Singapore. But it turns out that the existence of Etawa Goat Kaligesing not yet received special attention from the local community so many seeds out of the export practices of the country which caused the depletion of the number of seeds in etawa goat kaligesing his own origins. Based on existing problems, it takes a vessel that can accommodate the goat farm activities as etawa preservation of seedsas well as educational activities to society about the benefits and importance of preserving seeds etawa goat. To support the activities of animal husbandry and education in order to continue to be sustainable, then the activity last packed in tourism activities where the concept of designing attractions of yesteryear is by paying attention to the preservation of the surrounding environment, i.e. with the approach of Ecological Architecture. Keywords: Tourism, Etawa Goat, Farm, Ecological Architecture, and Educational Tours.


Fritziana is currently composed by four species known from mountain regions in the Brazilian states of Espirito Santo, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Sao Paulo. Based on field records, literature, and data gathered from collections, we present new records and a distribution map for the species of the genus. Fritziana is now recorded for seven Brazilian states, including five localities in Minas Gerais. We also confirm Fritziana goeldii (Boulenger 1895) in the same state. The genus distribution now ranges in the southern Espinhaco mountain range, extending in 215 km from the previously known locality.


The article draws attention to the fact that the phenomenon of marginality is the formation of one's own environment, although not completely dissolving into it. Traditional culture goes into the "basements" of society or manifests itself in the life and mentality of marginals. In a society affected by crisis, several cultural trajectories collide: descending, ascending and, for the marginalized, breaking traditional ties and creating their own, completely different world. In fact, marginality is the third culture, a special socio-cultural state. The article discusses its corresponding components. The prerequisites of global transformation are considered. The situation in Europe begins to change fundamentally at the turn of the I-II millennia. The formation of the era of European Transformation can begin with the XI-XIII centuries, when "Catholic" Europe appears. Phenomenal in its results was the "Renaissance of the XII century", the first truly pan-European Revival at the origins of the era of Transformation. With this, the movement towards a High Renaissance began. The Crusades (XI-XIII centuries) are particularly highlighted. After the Crusades, two variants of capitalism become promising and predominant in Europe and North America, and then their slow convergence continues. The XIII century became a milestone for contemporaries. On the one hand, Europe, it would seem, reached the end of history by creating some kind of optimal model. On the other hand, the reverse side of the idea of the "end of history" became clearly visible. The Mongols, having captured most of Eurasia, reformatted the ethno-political space. In this century, capitalist Europe is born, in fact, as a special development option. Highlighting the era of transformation does not mean that we should abandon the usual division of European history into known periods: antiquity, the Middle Ages, modern times. This periodization successfully emphasizes social and economic aspects and provides a chronological understanding of transitional processes. The era of Transformation is more voluminous, since we are talking about the transition from a centuries-old traditional society to a new stage of human development. Neither the Renaissance nor the Reformation created a new culture, the so-called bourgeois culture will have many faces, both international and national. The main thing is seen in the liberation of man from the former powerful civilizational model, Latin-Christian, i.e. Imperial-ecclesiastical, and ultimately - in the formation of a new type of man.


This disorder is usually associated with medial degeneration of the aortic wall. This may be associated with Marfan syndrome or other collagen connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos disease. Dissection is classified as acute if it has been present less than 30 days or chronic if it has been present for longer. The dissection is also classified according to the site of intimal tear and to the degree of aorta involved. Using the DeBakey classification, type I and type II dissection begins just distal to the ostia of the coronary arteries and involves the ascending aorta. Type I dissection also extend into the thoracoabdominal aorta. Type III dissection begins just distal to the left subclavian artery and usually involve only the thoraco abdominal aorta, although on occasion they may extend in a retrograde fashion to involve the arch and ascending aorta. Iatrogenic dissection, caused by trauma from intraaortic manipulation with endovascular devices, now occurs more frequently than in the past.


130 Aiyangar, p. 181. 131 Indian Antiquary, 1909, p. 264. For 5 panas one obtained 165 sers (Madras standard). Indian Antiquary, 1905, p. 53. turies B. C. and the eleventh and twelfth centuries A. D. may be taken for what they are worth. Only it is necessary to bear in mind that in British India the average per capita income is Rs. ~0 or $6 per annum. On the whole, it may reasonably be concluded that the financial burden of pax stirva-bhaumica, howsoever heavy it might be, whether absolutely or relatively, was easily borne by a contented peasantry and working class, a prosperous industrial and commercial aristocracy, and last, but not least, a well-paid civil service and army, especially in view of the fact that under Chandragupta and Asoka (third century B. C.) the people of India had the conscious satisfaction of being citizens of the first and greatest power of the world.


Objective: To explore the safety of Bronchoscopy under noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) via a face mask in patients with high risk hypoxemia. Methods:19 patients with severe hypoxemia who need to be diagnosed and treated with bronchoscopy were studied. The oxygenated index was 100 or less before bronchoscopy,pH≥ 7.35 .Except for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), oxygen saturation (SpO 2) raised to above 90% after NPPV. NPPV was applied by BiPAP or Servo900C. Transdermal SpO 2, electrocardiogram were monitored during the procedure. Results: SpO 2 was maintained above 90% or more and fiberoptic bronchoscoy (FOB) was successfully accomplished through one procedure in 14 patients;FOB was discontinued in 3 COPD patients when SpO 2 dropped below 85%,but SpO 2 was significantly improved when NPPV plus jet ventilation were applied during the next procedure. Conclusion: Face mask NPPV could improve the safety during broncoscopy in patients with severe hypoxemia.


—With the warming of China's software industry, information technology service outsourcing, especially the service outsourcing to Japan, will still maintain a much higher demand for talents in the future. There are more than 600 colleges and universities across the country offering Japanese majors, but there are not numerous schools offering "IT Japanese" courses. Taking the "IT Japanese" course of Japanese department of Dalian Neusoft Information University as an example, the author carries out the exploration and practice of the teaching contents and methods under the mixed education model in order to hope to increase the employment weight of Japanese majors and explore a new way for the cultivation, perfection and development of compound Japanese talents.