Remote sensing is mainly used to investigate sites of dams, bridges, and pipelines to locate construction materials and provide detailed geographic information. In remote sensing image analysis, the images captured through satellite and drones are used to observe surface of the Earth. The main aim of any image classification-based system is to assign semantic labels to captured images, and consequently, using these labels, images can be arranged in a semantic order. The semantic arrangement of images is used in various domains of digital image processing and computer vision such as remote sensing, image retrieval, object recognition, image annotation, scene analysis, content-based image analysis, and video analysis. The earlier approaches for remote sensing image analysis are based on low-level and mid-level feature extraction and representation. These techniques have shown good performance by using different feature combinations and machine learning approaches. These earlier approaches have used small-scale image dataset. The recent trends for remote sensing image analysis are shifted to the use of deep learning model. Various hybrid approaches of deep learning have shown much better results than the use of a single deep learning model. In this review article, a detailed overview of the past trends is presented, based on low-level and mid-level feature representation using traditional machine learning concepts. A summary of publicly available image benchmarks for remote sensing image analysis is also presented. A detailed summary is presented at the end of each section. An overview regarding the current trends of deep learning models is presented along with a detailed comparison of various hybrid approaches based on recent trends. The performance evaluation metrics are also discussed. This review article provides a detailed knowledge related to the existing trends in remote sensing image classification and possible future research directions.


In New York City and across the United States, neighborhood councils established by local governments are incorporating citizen participation into decision making while engaging issues that require them to use expert knowledge. These participatory projects can be seen as a way to check the pervasive and potentially undemocratic role of expertise in society, by creating a public setting in which experts' advice can be exposed and criticized, and in which laypeople can attempt to influence policy processes that would ordinarily be dominated by experts. This ethnographic study investigates the fine-grained human interactions as members of a New York City community board in a low-income neighborhood engage land use and housing issues. It finds that they can partially overcome the challenge of expertise by developing their own technical capacity, and that this enhances board members' influence. But it also finds that members encounter difficulties that cannot be remedied by more technical capacity. First, board members who develop expertise still lack complementary instrumentalities, such as access to insider information. And second, they find it difficult to juggle performance of their expert role with other roles they must play in their deliberations, especially the role of representing the community, which is essential if they are to influence elected officials through public opinion.


Two experiments were carried out to determine nutritive value and verify performance of growing and finishing swine feed high moisture corn silage (HMCS) and reconstituted silage (RS) of higher oil corn. The digestibility assay was carried twelve cross breed barrow, were allotted in metabolism cages, in a completely randomized design. The values of digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible protein (DP), digestible starch (DS), digestible ether extract (DEE), digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were for DG, HMCS and RS; 83.42, 7.54, 63.90, 4.40, 82.28%; 3,587 and 3,513 kcal/kg; 60.80, 4.85, 45.01, 3.10, 59.50%; 2,647 and 2,509 kcal/kg; 66.48, 6.16, 49.04, 3.41, 65.67%; 2,853 and 2,797 kcal/kg, respectively, based on natural matter. In the performance experiment thirty-two cross breed swine were distributed in four treatments in a completely randomized design, with four experimental units and two pigs per experimental units. The treatments consisted of a basal corn and soybean meal diet and three diets with total replacement of common corn by DG, HMCS and RS higher oil corn based on the digestible energy. No differences were found among the treatments in the growing phase. In finishing phase, daily feed intake increased for the HMCS when compared with the control diet. The price of the diet per kilogram gain of body weight for the HMCS had decreased, in growing phase and finishing phase. It was concluded that the DG, HMCS and RS, could totally replace the common corn on growing and finishing diet, without impairing performance. Diets with high moisture corn silage resulted in smaller cost per kilogram of produced animal.


The stability of tour guides is essential to the healthy development of the tourism industry.However,professional tour guides are among the most frequent occupations switch.In order to raise the professional loyalty of tour guides,we search the factors which affect the professional tour guides' loyalty and bring forward the relevant countermeasures on the basis of a survey on tour guides of Changsha.


Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading killer of our species. Various evolutionary lenses can be applied to better understand human vulnerability to CV disorders. The evolutionary origins of a healthy human heart—its myocardial, electrophysiologic, valvular and vascular systems—offers a history of the selective pressures, trade-offs and adaptations leading to the normal mammalian CV systems. Beyond these evolutionary-developmental perspectives, the application of a framework based on Tinbergen's four questions offers a novel evolutionary lens for understanding our species' vulnerability to CV pathology. This is done by a consideration of comparative information about non-human animals who spontaneously develop the same CV diseases. This phylogenetic information can then be used to develop trade-off-based adaptive hypotheses to explain the nature and origins of vulnerability to a range of CV pathologies including atherosclerosis, heart failure, valvular heart disease and arrhythmias.


Objective To explore the effects of HBO preconditioning on the inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia-reperfusion following skin flap transplantation in rats.Methods Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 different groups:the sham group,the ischemia-reperfusion(IR)day 1 group,the IR day 3 group,the IR day 5 group,the HBO+ischemia-reperfusion day 1 group,the HBO+ischemiareperfusion day 3 group and the HBO+ischemia-reperfusion day 5 group.First,the abdominal pedicle skin flap model was developed and the animals were treated with HBO preconditioning.Then,levels of MMP-9 and HMGB1 were measured with ELLSA.Results The MMP-9 levels of IR d 1 and d 3 groups,the HMGB1 levels of d 1,3,5 groups were significantly higher than those of the sham group[(13.74±2.04)、(11.05±1.35)μg/L](P<0.01).The MMP-9 level of IR d 5 group[(16.66±2.45)μg/L]was higher than that of the sham group(P<0.05).The MMP-9 levels of the HBO+ischemia-reperfusion d 1 and d 3 groups were lower than that of the IR group on the same day(P<0.05).The HMGB1 level of the HBO+ischemia-reperfusion d 5 group was obviously lower than that of the IR group on the same day(P<0.01).Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning might alleviate inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia-reperfusion through the access of decreasing the serum levels of MMP-9 and HMGB1 in rats following skin flap transplantation.

Key words:
Hyperbaric oxygen; Skin flap; MMP-9; HMGB1


This paper is devoted to the numerical scheme for a class of fractional order integrodifferential equations by reproducing kernel interpolation collocation method with reproducing kernel function in the form of Jacobi polynomials. Reproducing kernel function in the form of Jacobi polynomials is established for the first time. It is implemented as a reproducing kernel method. The numerical solutions obtained by taking the different values of parameter are compared; Schmidt orthogonalization process is avoided. It is proved that this method is feasible and accurate through some numerical examples.


The article is focused on the issue of prediction of acute coronary syndrome onset (ACS) and its clinical course specifics in patients with various obesity grades. The phenomenon of "obesity paradox" is taken in ACS, and several possible explanations are given. The data is provided, on the closer relation of the ACS risk with such criteria for obesity as waist circumference and index waist/hip circumference, as these parameters indirectly point on the presence of visceral obesity. The results presented, of the studies on close relation of epicardial fat tissue with its neurohumoral actions in ACS risk.


SUMMARY

The new tendencies in the power system organization and the fast-changing technologies in the power industry dictate the need to keep track of the international experience and activities in the field of the modern economic dispatch problem. The goal of this paper was to provide a detailed account for papers published after 1990, the year that saw the beginning of major transformations in the power system organization. A comprehensive survey on mathematical formulations and a general background of methods, analyses, and developments in the field of economic dispatch is presented for the past 20 years based on more than 150 publications. The research literature in the field is classified into sections covering economic dispatch in both regulated and deregulated (reregulated) energy markets and where variable, partial predictable electricity generation is part of the generation portfolio. A database of the most common test systems used in the literature to test different economic dispatch methodologies is also provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In common law jurisdictions, the doctrine of privity has been criticised by the judiciary and academic commentators, particularly the second rule of doctrine, which states that a person who is not a party to the contract cannot sue on it to obtain promised performance, although the contract has been formed with the intention to benefit him. In certain circumstances, this rule may produce unfair and injustice result to the third party of a contract, as it prohibits the third party from enforcing the right to get benefits conferred on them. The doctrine of privity becomes relevant in the context of tendering procedures when subcontractors, who are not direct parties to the main construction contract, are involved. Hence, the aim of this paper is two-fold: to highlight the difficulties of the existing legal mechanism associated with privity rule and to suggest possible ways to circumvent the effect of the doctrine of privity on subcontractors' payment claims in the Malaysian construction industry. By adopting the socio legal research approach, the impact of the doctrine of privity, the difficulties of the existing legal mechanisms, and the need for a possible law reform were examined. The findings were also validated by conducting semi-structured interviews with five construction law experts. Among others, the findings showed that enhancement to the existing legal mechanisms and statutory intervention can effectively circumvent the privity rule and protect the subcontractor's right for the payment claim.


X‐linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X‐SCID) leads to a T−NK−B+ immunophenotype and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the IL‐2 receptor γ‐chain (IL2RG). IL2RGR222C leads to atypical SCID with a severe early onset phenotype despite largely normal NK‐ and T‐cell numbers. To address this discrepancy, we performed a detailed analysis of T, B, and NK cells, including quantitative STAT phosphorylation and functional responses to the cytokines IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐15, and IL‐21 in a patient with the IL2RGR222C mutation. Moreover, we identified nine additional unpublished patients with the same mutations, all with a full SCID phenotype, and confirmed selected immunological observations. T‐cell development was variably affected, but led to borderline T‐cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels and a normal repertoire. T cells showed moderately reduced proliferation, failing enhancement by IL‐2. While NK‐cell development was normal, IL‐2 enhancement of NK‐cell degranulation and IL‐15‐induced cytokine production were absent. IL‐2 or IL‐21 failed to enhance B‐cell proliferation and plasmablast differentiation. These functional alterations were reflected by a differential impact of IL2RGR222C on cytokine signal transduction, with a gradient IL‐4


. The presence of Haplosyllis spongicola Grube 1855 Polychaeta, Syllidae in two sponge species from the Indian Ocean Tanzania, Theonella swinhoei Gray 1868 and Liosina paradoxa THIELE 1899, was detected. Polychaetes lived exclusively inside the aquiferous system of the sponges, reaching a mean density of 68 individuals · cm-3 in T. swinhoei and 148 individuals · cm-3 in L. paradoxa Acetone extractions were prepared from sponge tissues of T. swinhoei and L. paradoxa and from the gut contents of their respective inhabiting polychaetes. Absorption spectra matched for each sponge/polychaete pair. These data confirm that polychaetes exploit the soft parts of the sponges in which they live. In addition, in L. paradoxa direct confirmation of a predatory activity of worms on sponge internal tissues was obtained on the basis of the finding of terrigenous sediments, which typically reinforced the sponge canal walls, in the gut lumen of the inhabiting polychaete. No evident ultrastructural changes of the host tissue due to endobionts have been observed. These results confirm the parasitic/micropredatory habits of H. spongicola. Data on different morphological characteristics of H. spongicola living in the two sponge species are presented and discussed.


The discrete Fourier transmission spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM) based single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been widely adopted due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmit signals compared with OFDM. However, the offset modulation, which has lower PAPR than general modulation, cannot be directly applied into the existing SC-FDMA. When pulse-shaping filters are employed to further reduce the envelope fluctuation of transmit signals of SC-FDMA, the spectral efficiency degrades as well. In order to overcome such limitations of conventional SC-FDMA, this paper for the first time investigated cyclic prefixed OQAM-OFDM (CP-OQAM-OFDM) based SC-FDMA transmission with adjustable user bandwidth and space-time coding. Firstly, we propose CP-OQAM-OFDM transmission with unequally-spaced subbands. We then apply it to SC-FDMA transmission and propose a SC-FDMA scheme with the following features: a) the transmit signal of each user is offset modulated single-carrier with frequency-domain pulse-shaping; b) the bandwidth of each user is adjustable; c) the spectral efficiency does not decrease with increasing roll-off factors. To combat both inter-symbol-interference and multiple access interference in frequency-selective fading channels, a joint linear minimum mean square error frequency domain equalization using {a prior} information with low complexity is developed. Subsequently, we construct space-time codes for the proposed SC-FDMA. Simulation results confirm the powerfulness of the proposed CP-OQAM-OFDM scheme (i.e., effective yet with low complexity).


Objective To evaluate the effect and clinical significance of Edothelin(ET) and urotensin-Ⅱ(UⅡ) on pulmonary hypertension(PH),by detecting their levels of patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.Methods 61 patients with congenital heart disease who had left-to-right shunt were selected randomly 3 groups.The plasma levels of ET and UⅡ were detected at each period by radioimmunoassay(RIA) method.It was analyzed the changes of their levels within pre-operation,20 minutes and 3 days,7 days post-operation and the interrelation between them and PASP.Results Following the severity degree of pulmonary hypertension,the plasma levels of ET increase.There was positive correlation between PAP and plasma level of ET in every time point;Following the severity degree of pulmonary hypertension,the plasma levels of UⅡ don't change obviously.There was no correlation between PAP and plasma level of UⅡ(P0.05).Plasma level of ET of each group was reduced after operation,but the difference was significantly(P0.05),7 days post-operation was lower than that of each group before operation,this had statistical difference(P0.01).Plasma level of UⅡof each group after operation was no obvious difference(P0.05).Conclusions Following the severity degree of pulmonary hypertension,the plasma levels of ET increase.ET plays an important role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension and restructure.Following the severity degree of pulmonary hypertension,the plasma levels of UⅡdon't change obviously.There is no correlation between PAP and plasma level of UⅡ,but UⅡ may be play an important role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension and restructure.


Objective:To determine the value of sentinel lymph node biopsy for breastcancer.Method:82 cases of operable breast cancer were treated with 1% methylene blue as a sentinel lymph node(SLN) tracer.Results: All rows modified radical mastectomy,lines SLN and axillary lymph node(ALN) biopsy,the whole group of 82 patients successfully detected SLN 78 cases,4 cases were not detected,the detection rate of 95.12%,96.15% accuracy rate.Conclusion: Methylene blue for SLN identification will help simplify the way breast cancer surgery to improve patients quality of life.


We propose a system called Haptic Pad for Impressive Text Communication for creating text messages with haptic stimuli using the SPIDAR-tablet haptic interface. This system helps users indicate emotion in text messages and actions of characters in storytelling by attaching physical feedback to words in text. We evaluated the effectiveness of the system experimentally in two scenarios: storytelling and text messaging. We found that effective use of haptic stimuli depends on each situation and participant.


The rectenna is a basic and fundamental element for RF energy harvesting. The development of efficient rectennas requires the implementation of some impedance matching technique between the rectifying circuit and the antenna element. An impedance matching technique inspired on the inset feeding of microstrip patches is proposed in this work. The technique keeps the size of the rectenna unchanged and does not require any additional component. An application example operating at 5.8 GHz and using a cheap FR4 substrate is presented.


Intracranial pressure is an important monitoring indicator of neurosurgery. In this paper we adopt all-fiber FP fiber optic sensor, using a minimally invasive operation to realize real-time dynamic monitoring intracranial pressure of the hemorrhage rats, and observe their intracranial pressure regularity of dynamic changes. Preliminary results verify the effectiveness of applications and feasibility, providing some basis for human brain minimally invasive intracranial pressure measurement.


Method of quantitatively measuring the chemical species concentration in the sample solution in the sensor film. When exposed to the chemical species in the sample solution ultraviolet, making hydrogel sensor film comprising a chemical composition comprising an indicator that changes the optical properties in the visible or near infrared spectral range. Exposing the film to a fixed amount of the sample solution. Quantifying the chemical species concentration in the sample solution using the average absorbance measured from the sensor film. .FIELD 1


Objective. Since 1996 we have placed temporary catheters at the cervical nerve roots in chronic pain patients for the treatment of radiculopathy and complex regional pain syndrome. We investigated the possibility of placing electrodes both at the cervical spinal nerve and dorsal root ganglion for the purpose of neuromodulation.


Porous nano-crystalline ZnO films were prepared in sol-gel technique, sing spin coating and sintering at modest temperatures. The films consist of loosely-packed ZnO clusters. For films with clusters smaller than {approximately} 50 {angstrom} the authors find a blue-shifted absorption edge indicative of quantum confinement in the clusters. The electronic properties of the films are largely controlled by surface processes. The authors have studied photo-induced conductance changes due to CO{sub 2} desorption using mass spectrometry and concomitant electrical measurements. ZnO and other oxides have been studied as a substrate for solar absorbers.


Abstract : The pertinent set of conditions for a buckling column when the nature of the equilibrium changes may be expected to include the column length, shape of cross section, mechanical properties of the material, compressive load, and end moment. One of these is selected as an independent parameter while the others are taken as constant for the analysis. The equilibrium configuration is determined for several values of the parameter and sets of curves are obtained by plotting values of parameters against typical displacements or distortions of the deformed column.


The transport rate v of a substrate x mediated by a transporter is in general described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Stein, 1990), i.e. v = v max x Km+x. Since the substrate concentrations in our experiments are smaller, respectively in the order of the Michaelis-Menten constants of OATP1B3 and ABCC2 (Letschert et al., 2004; Cui et al., 2001), we linearized the Michaelis-Menten equation resulting in v ≈ vmax Km x =: px. Thus, the translation of the model depicted in Fig. 2 into ordinary differential equations yields: dx 1 (t) dt = −p 1 x 1 (t) − p 3 x 1 (t) + p 4 x 3 (t) − p 6 x 1 (t)(p 8 − x 2 (t)) (1) +p 7 x 2 (t) − p 12 x 1 (t) V bl − x 5 (t) V ap dx 2 (t) dt = p 6 x 1 (t)(p 8 − x 2 (t)) − p 7 x 2 (t) (2) dx 3 (t) dt = p 1 x 1 (t) − p 2 x 3 (t) + p 3 x 1 (t) − p 4 x 3 (t) (3) −p 5 x 3 (t) − p 9 x 3 (t)(p 11 − x 4 (t)) + p 10 x 4 (t) dx 4 (t) dt = p 9 x 3 (t)(p 11 − x 4 (t)) − p 10 x 4 (t) (4) dx 5 (t) dt = p 2 x 3 (t) + p 5 x 3 (t) + p 12 x 1 (t) V bl − x 5 (t) V ap (5) Here, x 1 is the amount of BSP unbound in the basolateral chamber, x 2 is BSP bound unspecifically to the filter membrane, x 3 is unbound intracellular BSP, x 4 is intracellular BSP bound to intracellular proteins, and x 5 is the amount of BSP in the apical chamber. The rate constants for OATP1B3 and ABCC2 are p 1 and p 2 respectively; p 3 , p 4 , and p 5 are the rate constants of the endogenous basolateral uptake transporter Endo in−bl , the 1 endogenous basolateral efflux pump Endo ex−bl , and the endogenous apical efflux pump Endo ex−ap , respectively. The parameters p 6 and p 7 are the association and dissociation constants for unspecific binding to the filter membrane, the total capacity of which is denoted by p 8. …


The difference between the iso-octyltreithoxy silane creme and iso-butyltrethoxy silane liquid was analyzed systematically based on a comprehensive test on their volatility,valid penetrating volume,weatherbility in capillaries per area,and the influence of impregnation on the quality of concrete was studied.The result proved that comparing with iso-butyltrethoxy silane liquid,iso-octyltreithoxy silane creme possesses a lower volatility,more valid penetration,more open penetrating time,easier application,lower dosage per area,and more friendly environmental infection.Thus the iso-octyltreithoxy silane creme is recommended to be popularized.


In the twenty first century the term 'sustainability' is recognized unanimously as an inherent and important strategy for an organization to operate and achieve long-term competitive edge. Accordingly sustainable key performance indicators (KPI) are identified by manufacturers and introduced for adoption and application in different operational activities. However, the dimensions of the sustainability models adopted by different enterprises are quite diverse as revealed through this investigation. The organizations are found to focus on varieties of strategic aspects rather than adopting identical or uniform strategies when dealing with sustainability issues. This paper aims at reviewing the various models prevailing in the contemporary research papers along with presentation of an in-depth analysis exposing the similar and dissimilar aspects. The contribution of this review is twofold: various models for sustainable performance (SP) are critically analyzed followed by a comparative evaluation with a view to proposing a general model suitable for adoption by manufacturing enterprises. The unified model as proposed in this paper comprises of three major components related to the social, financial and environmental domains.


This paper is aimed at a comparison of Ukrainian and international resource classification systems' fundamental features. As a result, the most common and different features were outlined. The importance of accounting for the social and environmental viability of projects is determined. This study highlights the significance of the harmonization of domestic classification with international standards.


The present invention belongs to the field of medical technology, relates to a method of treating liver or kidney stones, gallstones pharmaceutical composition. To compensate for deficiencies of the prior art and reduce the suffering of patients with liver gallstones, the present invention provides a method of treating liver or kidney stones, gallstones pharmaceutical composition, the therapeutic drug has significant analgesic activity and effect RONGSHI row of stone, its effect is significant, safe and reliable, and has broad clinical application.


The hazards of fire are well known in railroad operations, whether they be freight, passenger or transit. This paper deals with the problems of diesel electric and electric locomotives as well as the special case of turbine hydraulic power cars, discussing the hazards as they exist and the effectiveness of fire suppression approaches in the past. Measures which can be taken to minimize the risks, using technology developed for NASA and very successfully adapted to military operations, are described and specific railroad applications of the technology are discussed.


As one of the most attractive post-silicon power semiconductor devices, SiC bipolar junction transistor (BJT) has been studied intensively and commercialized in the past few years. However, SiC BJT has not been widely accepted in the market because of high driver loss in the on-state, which is induced by a relatively large constant base current in order to ensure its fully turning on. In this paper, a new proportional base driver for the SiC BJT is proposed in order to reduce its driver loss. It utilizes a silicon MOSFET as a variable resistor between the base driver and the base of the SiC BJT. The gate voltage of the silicon MOSFET decreases with the collector current of the SiC BJT via a Hall device, thus the on-state resistance of the MOSFET increases and the actual base driver current of the SiC BJT decreases. Comparing to the conventional SiC BJT driver, the proposed new proportional base driver can achieve the decrease of the base current with the decreasing of the collector current of SiC BJTs and has simple circuitry, resulting in the reduction of base driver loss. The simulation and experiment have verified that the proportional base driver of SiC BJT can reduce the driver loss by approximately 70% under the light load condition.


The invention relates to a centrifugal fan for purifying, which comprises a case, a inlet and a outlet on the case, a blade wheel inside the case, and a motor at the outer side of case. Wherein, the motor is connected to the blade wheel via a rotational axle through the case; the inlet or outlet of said case has a water-feeding chamber; the wall of water-feeding chamber that aiming to the inlet or outlet has several water discharging holes; and the wall of water-feeding chamber has a water inlet pipe. The invention can simplify the structure of purifier, reduce producing cost, effectively purify the air with dust and collect the dust.


Short-range terrestrial radio communications, in low-power and low-cost configurations are the current enabler for the IoT and M2M applications. The main drawback of such applications is the need of a gateway that enables them to communicate with the world. Satellite gateways have become in recent years more affordable, opening the possibility to the aforementioned applications to get even more present in the current technological development, but still the combined equipment and especially the access costs are still prohibitive for large scale deployments. The equipment costs for a satellite gateway could be substantially lowered using the Software Defined Radio (SDR) concept which can provide a high degree of flexibility in dynamically operating multiple wireless interfaces, especially combined with the plethora of terrestrial communication standards. The design of an embedded hardware device based on SDR technologies would therefore significantly lower the overall costs of satellite communication for IoT and M2M applications. Combining the presented elements, the main goal of this paper is to analyze the requirements of the satellite part of a SDR-based gateway for M2M and IoT applications and to present a hardware implementation of the gateway together with its operational characteristics.


PURPOSE: A band demand method using a message of a variable format is provided to use a band demand message of other format according to the band demand type, thereby transmitting a message in a type optimized to the corresponding type. CONSTITUTION: A MS(Mobile Station) selects a band request of a connection unit if a requested band size is smaller than N connection(S410,S415). If the requested band size is bigger than N connection and smaller than NQoS, the terminal selects band request of QoS(Quality of Server) unit(S420,S425). If a band request connection about a real time service exists, the terminal selects band request of QoS unit. In exceptional case, the terminal selects band request of a MS unit(S429).


Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the kidney, and sarcomatoid RCC is an aggressive variant. The prognosis of sarcomatoid RCC is much more aggressive than that of nonsarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma tumors. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is often incurable, even when patients present with localized disease. In this study, the effects of sarcomatoid differentiation on progression and survival rate were evaluated and discussed in relation to the relevant findings in the literature. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and January 2009, a total of 27 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were evaluated by physical examination, routine hematologic and biochemical analysis, and radiologic studies, including abdominal computed tomography, chest X-ray, renal Doppler ultrasonography, if necessary, and in selected cases, magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The median age of the patients was 59.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 1.25 years, ranging from 6 months to 4 years. The tumor size ranged from 3.5 cm to 14.0 cm. The stage distribution was pT1 in 2 patients, pT2 in 14 patients, pT3 in 9 patients and pT4 in 2 patients. Histopathological examination of radical nephrectomy material showed sarcomatous differentiation in all patients. All patients had Fuhrman Grade IV tumors. All patients with tumors at stage pT3 and pT4 died. The mean survival rate was 25.9% (n=7) at the end of the follow-up


The paper attempts to analyze the current conflicts in the Great Lakes Region and the subsequent displacement from the early 1960s to date. Most of the causes to the conflicts are related to colonialism and post colonial struggles and poor governance. The paper traces the evolution of armed conflicts and forced migration in the Great Lakes Region, identifying Tanzania as the only exception of armed conflict although it is host to many refugees from the region. The paper concludes by proposing some recommendations. Key Terms : Great Lakes Region, Armed conflict, Forced Migration


Consider a symplectic embedding of a disjoint union of domains into a symplectic manifold $M$. Such an embedding is called Kahler-type, or respectively tame, if it is holomorphic with respect to some (not a priori fixed, Kahler-type) complex structure on $M$ compatible with the symplectic form, or respectively tamed by it. Assume that $M$ either of the following: a complex projective space (with the standard symplectic form), an even-dimensional torus or a K3 surface equipped with an irrational Kahler-type symplectic form. Then any two Kahler-type embeddings of a disjoint union of balls into $M$ can be mapped into each other by a symplectomorphism acting trivially on the homology. If the embeddings are holomorphic with respect to complex structures compatible with the symplectic form and lying in the same connected component of the space of Kahler-type complex structures on $M$, then the symplectomorphism can be chosen to be smoothly isotopic to the identity. For certain $M$ and certain disjoint unions of balls we describe precisely the obstructions to the existence of Kahler-type embeddings of the balls into $M$. In particular, symplectic volume is the only obstruction for the existence of Kahler-type embeddings of $l^n$ equal balls (for any $l$) into the $n$-dimensional complex projective space with the standard symplectic form and of any number of possibly different balls into a torus or a K3 surface, equipped with an irrational symplectic form. We also show that symplectic volume is the only obstruction for the existence of tame embeddings of disjoint unions of equal balls, polydisks, or parallelepipeds, into a torus equipped with a generic Kahler-type symplectic form. For balls and parallelepipeds the same is true for K3 surfaces.


The turbulent mixing modeling for unsteady heat transfer problems in thermal-hydraulics has long been a focus in nuclear engineering community. One of the promising approaches that takes a full advantage of recent advances in HPC is the use of hierarchy of fidelity simulations that are cross-verified and validated in the regimes of interest. In particular, it is beneficial to have a higher fidelity reference simulation that could be used for benchmarking of the faster-turn-around lower-fidelity tools. This paper focuses on Nek5000 LES reference simulations for the OECD/NEA T-junction and Matis benchmarks and for the "SIBERIA" and MAX con-current validation experiments. The CFD capabilities to predict the unsteady heat transfer problems that are associated with nonisothermal flow mixing in pipe flows and related to thermal fatigue of nuclear power plant pipe system have been tested in the 2010 Vattenfall T-junction benchmark. The 2012 KAERI Matis experiment has tested the CFD predictions in a complex geometry of subchannel mixing flow behind a spacer grid. The Nek5000 LES submissions scored highly in the both blind benchmarks. The Novosibirsk's "SIBERIA" experiment employs a novel electrochemical technique for accurate measurement of the wall mean shear and its fluctuations in an annular channel flow with a blockage. The ANL's MAX experiment is designed to study thermal mixing in a wide mixing chamber where two out of a maximum of four adjacent differentially heated jets are injected to impinge on the top wall surface, leading to a thermal striping phenomenon. The resulting complex flow configuration is tracked by a high-resolution particle velocimetry method and thermal imaging. The high-quality benchmark data profiles and high-resolution MAX data provided are used for validating numerical simulation capabilities of Nek5000 for these types of flows and for benchmarking and improvement of lower-fidelity uRANS modeling as a part of hierarchical multi-fidelity approach.


Modern scientific computing involves organizing, moving, visualizing, and analyzing massive amounts of data from around the world, as well as employing large-scale computation. The distributed systems that solve largescale problems will always involve aggregating and scheduling many resources. Data must be located and staged, cache and network capacity must be available at the same time as computing capacity, etc. Every aspect of such a system is dynamic: locating and scheduling resources, adapting running application systems to availability and congestion in the middleware and infrastructure, responding to human interaction, etc. The technologies, the middleware services, and the architectures that are used to build useful highspeed, wide area distributed systems, constitute the field of data intensive computing, and are sometimes referred to as the "Data Grid". This paper explores the use of a network data cache in a Data Grid environment.


Severe weather events, and the associated customer outages, have shown that the nations electrical infrastructure is vulnerable to large scale natural events. Because of the regulated environment that utilities must operate in it is not feasible for utilities to build adequate traditional infrastructure to address these events; i.e. more transmission lines and more large central generators. Microgrid technologies have the potential to address some of the challenges associated with improving the resiliency of the nations electrical infrastructure. Microgrids are not a new concept but advances in device capabilities, computing capabilities, and communications are making them a more attractive option. This panel discussion will cover the concept of using microgrids as a resiliency resource and examine work that is being done by the United States Department of Energy.


Chance brought an exposition and an art movement together,and this encounter led to a brilliant flowering of design that left its enduring radiance in the artistic galaxy.The exposition was the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes,and the art movement was Art Deco.As a result of this coincidence,the exhibitions was delegate and exhibite the concepts of Art Deco,Art Deco was also disseminate through the exhibition,their transmission enlightened the world.In addition to describing the significance of Art Deco in the history of design,this paper also provides an overview of the forces that motivated modernism,in eager anticipation of EXPO 2010 Shanghai and the bright possibilities it holds for the future of China.


Abstract A common question asked across the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and by international observers is whether Katanga's mining sector can contribute to growth and development in the country. This paper answers this question through the analysis of two indicators: the fiscal contribution and the development of economic linkages. Mining can contribute to growth and development in the medium to long term, but for the moment the fiscal contribution and the establishment of local supply chains and processing industries remain underdeveloped. The status quo can be linked to the logic of the perpetuation of the weakness of the Congolese state as a rents generator for vested interests. This negatively affects the good governance of fiscal revenues and also translates into political risk exposure for mining companies. The latter inhibits mining companies' and industry collective action platforms' ability to contribute more directly to growth and development by, for example, "de-risking" the market entry of supplier and processing industries. Successful strategies to increase the growth and development footprint of mining need to go beyond technical interventions. Built on a political economy and economic impact analysis they need to interlink with and support a political reform process that can help build a significantly broad political constituency around the ideas of sustainable growth and development in the DRC.


The aim of the present paper is to make conclusions about behaviour of the water-vortex stabilized plasma torch under different regimes of operation and radiation models involved. For this purpose we calculated steady states of such arc for the currents 300-600 A assuming two different radiation models, and several radial positions of the phase transition between water and vapour in the discharge chamber which cannot be measured in experiments. Deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) within the arc column are estimated due to the criteria for kinetic equilibrium and space temperature gradients. key words: arc, discharge, mass flow rate, equation, term.


Despite recent evidence establishing the substantial medical benefits and safety of MC,1,2 intense debate over the procedure continues, as demonstrated by comments regarding our recent analysis and the revised American Academy of Pediatrics policy on MC.2 It would be inappropriate to allow emotions to cloud logical judgment about the health and economic benefits of a medical procedure.

The ethical concerns Booker raises compare MC, a safe and beneficial medical procedure, with female genital mutilation, a distinct cultural practice and human rights violation. While it is clear that bioethical concerns may arise when one individual makes a decision about a medical procedure for another, MC has a far different benefit/risk balance than female genital mutilation. We fully agree with the cited multiagency statement on female genital mutilation, but this has no bearing on MC. We also support the World Health Organization/UNAIDS and American Academy of Pediatrics policies that parents should be provided with unbiased information on the risks and benefits of MC to make informed decisions in the best interests of their sons. This method of consent is used for other pediatric medical procedures, including immunization.

Hay and Booker suggest that the model incorporated unreasonable assumptions and did not account for important factors that would affect our outcomes. However, numerous observational studies have demonstrated that MC has similar efficacy in the United States as in Africa,1,2 and our results withstood parameter variation during sensitivity analysis. Our model did not incorporate the effects of the human papillomavirus vaccine. However, the vaccine's uptake among female adolescents is just 32%,3 and incorporating this factor would not substantially affect our findings. In addition, our cost parameter for HIV treatment is likely an underestimate. Despite availability of generic HAART, the cost of HIV treatment is expected to increase, because HIV-infected individuals are living longer and receiving newer patent-protected medications with improved safety and efficacy profiles.4 Our study was not designed to address the societal value of MC compared with other sexually transmitted infection control methods.

Although Truvada may be an important component of a comprehensive HIV strategy, Hay's claims are unrealistic. Unlike MC, Truvada must be used daily, presenting a significant barrier to success when compliance rates are just 50%.5 Furthermore, because HIV has a high mutation rate, Truvada may not be effective for all patients over the long term. Even if Truvada becomes available cheaply as a generic drug (it currently costs $13 900 annually), patients may need other prophylactic medications. In addition, Hay underestimates the cost of pre-exposure prophylaxis; in addition to the medication itself, regular physician visits and HIV testing are required.

As a one-time procedure, MC is associated with long-term medical benefits, including a 60% reduced risk of heterosexually acquired HIV and reductions in other sexually transmitted infections and infant urinary tract infections.1,2 There are more than 19 million sexually transmitted infections in the United States annually, and MC is a valuable tool for reducing these infections, in conjunction with other methods. Our model focused only on the impact of reduced MC on a birth cohort of men and women and incorporated conservative input parameters and assumptions, resulting in an underestimate of the true health and financial implications. Parents, physicians, and the policy community should logically and objectively assess the health and financial evidence regarding MC.


With the wide availability of network supporting hard-and software cooperative computer-based environments became extremely popular. A wide range of CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) tools with video conferencing, electronic mail, shared whiteboards, discussion forums, and shared information systems are already part of daily business. In contrast to the unstructured linear stream of information in electronic mails shared workspaces provide structured administration of electronic information like documents, voice, pictures, and movies. Popular examples of shared workspaces are BSCW (Basic Support for Cooperative Work), Hypernews, Lotus Notes, Alta Vista Forum, Lifelink, Microsoft Exchange and Webshare. Currently, all these systems are not flexible enough to get easily customized to the requirements of the individual application and user only supporting a limited set of predefined different views and functionality. This article introduces VIPspace (Visually Programmable Workspace). VIPspace can be easily customized to the individual needs of an user through VIPrule, a combination of a form- and icon-based visual programming language. VIPrule is based on an easy-to-use drag and drop paradigm. Direct manipulation via drag and drop allows easy access to local file systems as well as manipulation, exchange, and publication of shared multimedia documents. As VIPspace is implemented in Java it nicely integrates with other web-applications and provides a platform independent environment with a uniform graphical user interface.


Due to the increase of the elderly population, there is an increasing number of bed-confined people and thus an increased concern with the quality of life of those confined to beds. Baths are considered an important area in the care for bed-confined individuals, and their quality, safety, security and versatility are important factors. The evaluation of these parameters is something that concerns professional care providers and relatives. To minimize negative outcomes associated with baths, we have developed a Smart-bath proof-concept, which is a new assistive technology to promote greater autonomy, safety, comfort and hygiene in the care of the elderly or bedridden. The system integrates, tree functional parts, such as: bathboard, controller and water supplier. In this paper, it is presented the controller of smartbath, the parts consist in the automatic control of bath temperature, water flow-rate and light intensity, capable of being operated directly into the system. More attention is going to be given to the control of the bath temperature.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are group of low powered tiny sensors which have capability to sense different environmental data. The data sensed by the source nodes is forwarded to the base station via sink with minimal energy consumption and low communication cost. Recent approaches focuses on using Mobile Data Collectors (MDC) for data collection in WSNs to improve the lifetime of the network. MDC has two main advantages over the static sinks for data collection: (i) it can travel spatially separated geographical regions for data collection (ii) it requires minimal energy for its operation. Using MDC's there are two main models for data collection and they are: data mule (MULE), and sensor network with mobile access point (SENMA). MULE is an multi hop approach while SENMA is single-hop approach. The challenges for strip based network model is not addressed even though the basic architectures for MULE and SENMA have been well studied. This paper determines the average energy consumption of a node for strip based MDC through analytical approaches. The simulation results compares both the models for energy consumption and addresses the trade offs between energy and network sizes.


The Python programming language is becoming increasingly popular in a variety of areas, most notably among novice programmers, due to its readable syntax and extensive libraries. On the other hand, the Racket language and its DrRacket IDE have a tradition for being used to introduce Computer Science concepts to students. Besides, the Racket platform can be extended to support other programming languages. Both communities would benefit from an implementation of Python for Racket, since Racket programmers would be able to use libraries produced by the huge Python community and Python programmers would be able to access Racket's libraries and pedagogical tools, such as DrRacket. This thesis proposes PyonR, an implementation of the Python language for the Racket platform. PyonR consists of a sourceto-source compiler from Python to Racket and a runtime environment developed in Racket, which implements Python's language constructs and built-in functionality and enforces interoperability with Racket's data-types. With this approach, we were able to implement Python's semantics with a very reasonable performance (on the same order of magnitude as other state-of-the-art implementations), full access to Python's libraries, a native interoperability between Racket and Python, and a good integration with DrRacket's features for Python development.


The pathophysiological consequence of this vascular anomaly is that many nutrients and toxins that are normally carried to the liver by the portal vein, pass into the general circulation. Likewise, when the liver does not receive portal blood, it will be deprived of hepatotrophic factors. This means that the liver does not reach its normal size or development, so many of these patients develop hepatic atrophy. The accumulation of toxins in the blood together with the development of liver failure result in the appearance of hepatic encephalopathy as well as vomiting or diarrhoea and crystal formation and urate stones.


The study investigated the chemical composition, pH, and texture of salted jellyfish processed in Indonesia, Thailand, and China as a pilot study for processing the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, which occurs in Korean coastal waters. The 14 samples of salted jellyfish included processed umbrella and oral arms and consisted of 68.4-78.3 g/100 g moisture, 1.79-4.37 g/100 g crude protein, and 0.07-0.41 g/100 g crude lipid. The total amino acid content was 2.30-4.69 g/100 g and glycine accounted for 20.07-37.37% of the total amino acids. Salting jellyfish reduces the possibility of microbial growth and enhances the shelf life because the samples have a pH of 3.77-4.35, salinity of 18.53-24.02%, and lower water activity of 0.77-0.80. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) of the samples were 53.98-61.32, 1.76-6.26, and 14.08-29.0, respectively. The springiness, strength, and hardness of the salted jellyfish differed significantly among the products. The sample processed in Indonesia had the highest springiness. While the chemical composition, pH, water activity, and color differed significantly among the products, there were no significant effects of the country of manufacture. These results will enable the determination of quality index parameters for salted processed Nemopilema nomurai caught in Korean coastal.


In modern network security and management architecture, Classification of Traffic plays a major role in recent years. In particular, the process of intrusion detection and QOS control is considered as a essential components in traffic classification. Recent method uses statistical feature related classification approach with machine learning techniques for Traffic classification. Earlier method used several machine learning classifiers for classification purpose. Due to the lack of classifier performance in each aspect, the overall classification of traffic affected while least size of training data are used. To deal with this process, this paper proposes an efficient classifier called adaptive nearest cluster based classifier (ANCC-classifier). The proposed classifier classifies the traffic by collecting the statistical feature based correlated information. Such information is obtained by analysing the normal and abnormal flow of network. The present system is analysed in theoretical and experiential perspectives. Experimental result provides improved performance when compared with the other state of art methods.


The current model manifests the characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (copper/aluminium oxide-water) flow within an enclosure saturated with a porous medium by adopting the non-Fourier heat flux model. In this model, the permeable enclosure is deemed to be heated by a four-sided corner heater. Besides the corners, the centre region of the upper and lower walls of the square enclosure is thermally insulated whereas the centre region of the left and right walls maintains an invariant temperature. The momentum and energy equations with boundary conditions are dimensionalized by using the appropriate non-similar quantities. The nondimensionalized governing equations along with the boundary conditions are solved by adopting the marker and cell technique. The present results are in good accordance with the earlier literature results which indicates that the adopted scheme is computationally significant. The pertinent parameters that arise from the flow field equations such as heat generation/absorption parameter, thermal relaxation parameter, Darcy number, Rayleigh number, length of constant/adiabatic temperature portion, and length of heat source position are visualized through streamlines and isotherms. Results indicate that the magnifications in the heat generation parameter have the propensity to amplify the local heat transfer rate. An amplification in the thermal relaxation parameter enhances the heat transfer rate. The impact of the cold and hot regions of the enclosure notably influences the fluid temperature within the enclosure. The strength of the streamlines is slightly lessened by enhancing the Darcy number. Natural convective hybrid nanofluid flow inside the porous cavity has a vital role in various engineering and industrial processes, for instance, extrusion of polymers and aerodynamic extrusion.


This paper continues previous work in which we developed the Galois theory of strongly normal extensions using differential schemes. In the present paper we derive two main results. First, we show that an extension is strongly normal if and only if a certain differential scheme splits, i.e. is obtained by base extension of a scheme over constants. This gives a geometric characterization to the notion of strongly normal. Second, we show that Picard-Vessiot extensions are characterized by their Galois group being affine. Our proofs are elementary and do not use "group chunks" or cohomology. We end by recalling some important results about strongly normal extensions with the hope of spurring future research.


Introduction Several sophisticated image-guided modalities have been developed to improve the accuracy of screw placement; however, such modalities may increase healthcare costs and radiation exposure to the patient, and the clinical efficacy compared with traditional techniques may be questionable. Globally, the free-hand technique of pedicle screw placement was found to be a reliable and safe method with low rates of complications and to be potentially more cost-effective than other sophisticated techniques in treating several spinal disorders. Aim The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy and safety of free-hand pedicle screw placement in thoracic and lumbar fractures using minimal image exposure. Materials and methods This is a prospective radiographic review of thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws inserted in patients suffering from unstable fractures. All of the procedures were performed by a single consultant spine surgeon. Screws were inserted at one side and then intraoperative lateral imaging was used to check the level and verify the position of the screws. The same procedure was repeated on the other side. The vertebral bodies were divided into three equidistant horizontal zones (A, B, and C). Positioning of the screw tips was regarded as ideal when located in zones A and B. Multislice computed tomography was used to assess the accuracy. Results There were 669 pedicle screws inserted in 88 consecutive cases from T3 to L5, with a mean of 7.6 screws. The overall number of misplaced screws was nine (1.3%). Intraoperative revision was made in 16 (seven cases, 2.4%) screws. No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complication occurred due to screw placement. Conclusion Minimal revision rate was noticed, and only two lateral images were needed in most of the cases. This is quite important in developing countries, where an image intensifier serves more than one room.


Crude extract (12.5 ml/kg) of N. indicum seed gave 100% mortality of B. bengalensis. Humanness assessment study revealed that this plant orgin chemical caused low pain and sufferings to the target pests.


Crash data indicates that a significant percentage of collisions involve drivers whose licenses have been suspended or revoked. According to a 2000 report, one in five crashes involves a driver who does not have a valid driver's license. These drivers may have had their licenses suspended for a number of reasons including failure to maintain insurance or failure to pay child support, but often the judge has ordered the license to be suspended due to driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Keeping these drivers away from motor vehicles has been a problem for state and local law enforcement agencies nationwide. However, agencies have been finding ways to combat the problem. Some states have enacted repeat offended laws, which involve stricter penalties for driving under the influence and driving without a valid license. Studies have shown repeat offender laws to be effective, but they only work if a driver gets pulled over. New technology may be part of a solution. Agencies are testing new technologies including palm pilots outfitted with software that allows state troopers to instantly gain access to the individual's driving record. Another plan is to outfit offenders with electronic bracelets. Patrol cars would be equipped with detection devices and would be alerted when someone wearing this band drove by.


SIDEREUS NUNCIUS DEBATED Galileo 's O. Edited by Horst Bredekamp. Vol. i: Galileo 's Sidereus Nuncius: A Comparison of the Proof Copy (New York) with Other Paradigmatic Copies. Edited by Irene Briickle and Oliver Hahn. Vol. ii: Galileo Makes a Book: The First Edition of the Sidereus Nuncius, Venice 1610. Paul Needham (Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 2011). Pp. 188 + 249. euro128. ISBN 978-3-05-005095-9.The discovery in 2005 of a copy of Galileo's Sidereus nuncius (1610) containing wash drawings instead of the usual etchings has garnered attention out of proportion to its historical significance. That is owing partly to commercial interest and partly to scholarly compulsion. The elaborate books under review contain the latest contributions to the printing history of Galileo's masterpiece and the provenance of the odd copy.In Galileo 's Sidereus nuncius, Horst Bredekamp and a team of experts support his earlier findings that the odd copy (labelled "ML" after the initials of its owners) is a bound proof documenting a stage in the printing and that its washes guided the etcher. Bredekamp's further judgements, based on his expertise in Galileo's style of drawing, that the author himself did the washes and, perhaps, also the etchings, while not confirmed, remain alive.The ML illustrations are in general closer to the etchings than to either of the other two sets of drawings previously considered as the etchings' antecedents. These are the figures in a letter to an unknown correspondent dated 7 January 1610 ("JL" for "January letter") and on the familiar bifolium preserved among Galileo's papers in Florence ("FB" for "Florence bifolium"). FB has no date; JL is known from two seventeenth-century copies, one now lost, of a lost original. JL's date and illustrations, which include depictions of the progressive illumination of a huge crater that appears combined with other views on the etchings, suggest the chronological sequence JL, ML, etchings. That leaves the bistre washes of FB, whose single crater stands apart in a miniature all to itself, disconnected from the printing history of Sidereus nuncius. This conclusion, which Bredekamp reached in his Galilei der Kunstler (2007), is reinforced by Paul Needham's Galileo makes a book.Needham gives a masterful account of the composition, make-up, ingrethents, and printing of Sidereus nuncius (SN). His apt diagrams guide the reader through details about signatures, additions, subtractions, watermarks, layouts, papers, presses, and printing. One learns why and when Galileo decided to impose his out-of-scale crater on a terminator where he probably had not seen it. It was to save space. The original design of SN had called for seven depictions of the Moon's surface for which only five spaces could be found after Galileo added sections concerning the Moon's silhouette and the height of lunar mountains, perhaps in order to pre-empt objections that had occurred to him when reviewing his draft.1Needham was able to put together so intricate an account because the original draft of SN, with its corrections and expansions, has survived. So have a fair copy of about half of it and a good many of the 550 standard copies of the book originally printed. Add to these the dated letters Galileo wrote while seeing it through the press and inferences from watermarks, and the relevant documentation dwarfs that available for all of Shakespeare's plays. Needham remarks that no other early printed book except Gutenberg's bible lends itself to, or has received, the elaborate analysis he has given Sidereus nuncius.Several astronomers previously sought to identify the dates and even hours when Galileo made the observations apparently recorded on FB. The rapidly changing inventory of features visible near the terminator makes this exercise practicable and its results probable. If, however, FB does not belong in the pre-printing sequence but, as Bredekamp suggests, to preparations for the second edition of Sidereus nuncius that Galileo advertised but did not issue, the identifications rest on a false assumption. …


We investigated the influences of the defects generated by plasma on a silicon (Si) microcantilever. The E' center density of the microcantilever was drastically increased after Ar plasma irradiation. The mechanical characteristics, including resonant frequency (ƒ) and the mechanical quality (Q) factor of a microcantilever were drastically decreased by plasma irradiation, which revealed that plasma irradiation deteriorated the mechanical characteristics of the micro element. Our results revealed that deterioration of ƒ and Q factor depended on Young's modulus of microcantilevers and the ratio of defect depth to microcantilevers thickness respectively. Furthermore, These results showed considerable impact on Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems.


H2–O2 mixtures highly diluted with Ar were heated to temperatures in the range of 1200–1800 K behind reflected shock waves. The OH*-emission intensity was then measured to determine its quenching-rate constant upon collision with Ar; this constant was found to be about 1/164 of that in the case of H2O.


Anthropologie iconomique des Gouro de Cdte d'lvoire. Par CLAUDE MEILLASSOUX. Paris and La Haye: Mouton, 1964. (Le monde d'outre-mer passe et present, etudes, 27.) Pp. 382, bibl., ill., cartes. THIS study of Gouro economic life was undertaken in the Ivory Coast in 1958-9 by an anthropologist who has since contributed very thoughtfully to economic anthropology. It is a fine example of how much information can be gained from a very limited period of research in the field. A total of six months was allocated between four selected villages, allowing three to four weeks in each, plus briefer surveys of fifty localities. This was supplemented by intensive study of published sources and excellent use of aerial mapping which are combined to provide an admirable demographic, historical, and ecological background. The emphasis of the research is upon the entry of the Gouro into world markets as cash-croppers; the resistance offered by the traditional political structure to their drive to adapt to a new economic base, and the spontaneous emergence of new social forms as old ones decay. At the core of the book is the analysis of a tribal distributive system which channelled goods of high value to the village elders who used them for bridewealth and other payments among themselves. Thus the patterns of wealth-holding sustained a particular social structure, an inevitable relation between society and economy in any place and time. M. Meillassoux tends to see, in the institutions which relate control of wealth to high-ranking positions, a type of tyranny, but, as his brief research was not able to include any assessment of countervailing powers in the system, the judgement is premature.


Chicago, March 30, 1898. To the Editor: —Anent the report in theJournalof March 26, my own observations may be of interest. In 1854, while Tesiding in St. Louis, early in the spring my husband, then an animated amateur huntsman, complained of sudden darting pains in the region of the kidneys. They would however not persist, but give way to a rather dull ache and come and go. Then at once he became chilled and felt very sick. Our physician pronounced it malaria, contracted on his hunting grounds in the so-called bottoms of Illinois opposite St. Louis. Heand his friends had been in the habit of drinking the water of the brooklets in the bottoms, though "disinfected" by whisky, as they thought. Soon he became delirious, diarrhea and hemorrhage from the bladder set in, and consultation was obtained. The second doctor, an old resident of this country, pronounced it


The article is presented in tribute to the life and accomplishments of physician and epidemiologist Milton Terris, a past president of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Terris' interests in the public health aspects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutrition are noted. Terris' academic background and career in public health are described


Two representative clustering algorithms for Ad hoc network is studied. Based on the consideration of several aspects including node degree, battery power and mobility, a novel on-demand weighted clustering algorithm for Ad hoc network is presented. The adoption of the on-demand strategy improves the stability of the network architecture and lowers the computing and communication costs. The simulation experiment verifies the better performance of this clustering algorithm.


AI-based models have shown promising results in diagnosing eye diseases based on multi-sources of data collected from medical IOT systems. However, there are concerns regarding their generalization and robustness, as these methods are prone to overfitting specific datasets. The development of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques has addressed the black-box problem of machine learning and deep learning models, which can enhance interpretability and trustworthiness and optimize their performance in the real world. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently the primary cause of vision loss among elderly individuals. In this study, XAI methods were applied to detect AMD using various ophthalmic imaging modalities collected from medical IOT systems, such as colorful fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-wide fundus (UWF) images, and fluorescein angiography fundus (FAF). An optimized deep learning (DL) model and novel AMD identification systems were proposed based on the insights extracted by XAI. The findings of this study demonstrate that XAI not only has the potential to improve the transparency, reliability, and trustworthiness of AI models for ophthalmic applications, but it also has significant advantages for enhancing the robustness performance of these models. XAI could play a crucial role in promoting intelligent ophthalmology and be one of the most important techniques for evaluating and enhancing ophthalmic AI systems.


Students in Environmental Science ( one of the freshmen level courses included within the Virginia Collaborative for Excellence in Teacher Preparation program) are given the opportunity to socialize the material presented in large lectures by attending smaller guided recitation sections. In recitation, active learning is promoted through the use of role-playing, debates, and writing assignments. The following student paper is an example of such an assignment; it accounted for 2.5% of the course grade. The author is a freshman Pre-Nursing major who clearly demonstrated that she had integrated the concepts associated with acid deposition into the larger ecological picture and into her daily experiences. The work was supervised by Professor Bonnie Brown from the Department of Biology.


Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is one of the famous unsupervised learning models. In this paper, we give a short survey on NMF-related models, including K-means, Proba- bilistic Latent Semantic Indexing etc. and present a new Posterior Probabilistic Clustering model, and compare their numerical experimental results on five real microarray data. The results show that i) NMF using with K-L divergence objective function has better clustering performance; ii) Our purposed PPC model is among the best.


This manuscript discusses educational practices used in a K-12 reservation school system and speculates how these practices may be culturally insensitive to American Indian students and their families in the community. Focus group discussions were conducted with seven teachers, who were students in a graduate program, and were working on a reservation school located in a rural community in the southwestern United States. The students were queried as a group during class meetings on educational practices. These discussions revealed a list of commonly used teaching methods that are incompatible with this population and reasons for the incompatibility. Since the teachers were familiar with the American Indian culture, they were able to generate a list of culturally responsive educational practices (solutions) to address each problem area. These findings have major implications for this population of students as they have one of the highest special education referral and placement rates of all minority groups.


Every year fewer students are electing to take university level science courses, particularly physics. This situation has led universities and employers to try and encourage more students into science subjects through the development of numerous science outreach initiatives such as guest lectures and summer schools. Much of this work is of an ad-hoc nature, with little understanding of the underlying motivations and conditions that guide students' subject selection. Therefore, we have analysed a range of literature sources to develop a simple model for school student engagement that can help guide university-initiated science outreach programmes. This model takes into account factors such as the different life stages of the student, the myriad influences that affect career decisions, and resource availability. As part of this work we also present an overview of the research around increasing progression into higher education. As experienced practitioners and researchers in science outreach we have developed an easy-to-use set of guidelines that are applicable in the real-world situation of limited budgets, time and staff resources.


Cryocoolers are refrigerators which produce cryogenic temperature in either a closed or open cycle manner. They can be developed for generating a wide temperature range depending on applications or demands. The understanding of these devices is essential from the design point of view. The cryocooler technology has undergone a major development in the last two decades and these devices have become quite reliable. They are used in, cooling of superconducting magnets, gas liquefaction, Infra-red detectors, scientific devices etc. This review paper highlights the working of various cryocoolers, their classification, the theory and the design aspects, for any general researcher or a user of cryogenics.


Jan. 29, 1975. 8 pgs.
Boost for Bilingualism at Glendon. - Recommendations of the Bilingualism Committee.

Editor and Layout: John Frankie
Entertainment Editor: Peter Russell
Layout: Barry Nesbitt, Alan Grober, Paul Dowling
Sports: Haywood Hail Bruin, Ms. Stiff
Photography: Al Lysaght, Nancy Bloom, Bruce McMulkin, tony Caldwell
Cartoons: Ron Munro
Production: Barbara Munro, Mary Lou Brinker, Charlie Northcote, Liz Brittain, Robin Peterson, Patricia Phillips, anne Meggs, Jan Penhorwood, Sharon Kelly, Catherine COoper, Larry Mohring, Roberta Powers, Cathy Scott, Milana Todroff, Marney Gattinger, Gillian King

Faculty of education unacceptable
Tuition increase? by Paul Dowling
Boosts for bilingualism at Glendon by Cindy Randall
School days: Byron, beauty, sweetness, and senseless by Doug Graham
Grab bag
Letters to the editor
Notes on education: learning teaches not understanding by Andrew Nikiforuk
GCSU: budgets, bilingualisme by Paul Dowling
Fac of Ed Grievance
Education costs soar
Bilingualism: the big issue for second term
Les seguin une foule de petites choses by Gisele Tremblay
Wow! What's with winter weekend!
Under Milkwood coming by Mike Church
My fat friend in sports
Flounders foil foe as jets lag
Pistons powerless
GAHA season opens monday


Because of the enormous amount of emissions data that must be collected and reported quarterly to EPA, software is becoming as essential as hardware in the compliance procedure. This article reports on some problems being encountered and their solutions. By November 15, 1993, 50 some electric utilities affected by Phase 1 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA) Title 4 had begun continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) to meet the requirements of 40CFR75. By January 1, 1995, roughly 100 Phase 2-affected utilities must implement their CEM programs to comply with the same regulations. In both cases, software for the data-acquisition and handling system (DAHS) is the overarching challenge. The quantity of CEM data that must be reported quarterly by a DAHS, in computer-readable form, is enormous. Each day, the DAHS for a typical Phase 1 unit generates 225 records of CEM data in EPA's prescribed format, consisting of 690 critical data fields. Thus, in an average quarter, a utility with five units will submit to EPA a quarterly report comprising over 100,000 records and 310,000 critical data fields. Only with quality DAHS software can these reports be generated.


This study asked a single question: What is it that tribal colleges are doing that might explain their success in retention of high-risk students? An ethnography of a typical tribal college identified three ways in which family support contributes to retention. These are provision of a coordinated system of social services, especially child care; incorporation of cultural familial values, knowledge, and traditions throughout the institution's operations; and location on the reservation. The reservation history is one of forced separation of families to obtain even a secondary education. There is a dramatic drop in educational attainment rates of Native American students at the point at which relocation is required. Given these facts, it is recommended that the emphasis on transfer to mainstream institutions off reservation be balanced with provision of baccalaureate and graduate degrees on the reservation.


In this paper we present a system that integrates automatic camera geometry estimation and object detection from a Pan Tilt Zoom camera. We estimate camera pose with respect to a world scene plane in real-time and perform human detection exploiting the relative space-time context. Using camera self-localization, 2D object detections are clustered in a 3D world coordinate frame. Target scale inference is further exploited to reduce the number of false alarms and to increase also the detection rate in the final non-maximum suppression stage. Our integrated system applied on real-world data shows superior performance with respect to the standard detector used.


A novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on Lie group was proposed, and genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced to optimize feature amount. This method was applied to inner ring fault, outer ring fault and rolling element fault of rolling bearing. Firstly, the rolling bearing vibration signal was decomposed as intrinsic model functions (IMF) by using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The energy of every IMF and the singular value of the IMF matrix were chosen as features. The Shannon and Renyi entropy of the energy and singular value distribution were also extracted. Secondly genetic algorithm was used to reduce feature redundancy, with lowest classifier error rate and least feature amount as finess function. At last, a comparison was made between this method and least square support vector machine (LSSVM).The results showed that Lie group clkassifier was more sensitivce to feature. This method could use less feature amount to diagnose fault.


The collapse of New York Exchange in 1929 marked the great economic depression and several natural disasters colored the American history in the thirties. Steinbeck, as one of the American Californians born in the 19th century witnessed the hardship of the Okies (the name for people who came from Oklahoma) who migrated to California in the hope of gaining a better life. Steinbeck?s The Grapes of Wrath depicts this long and hard journey of the Joads from Oklahoma to the Colorado River and finally arrive in California. The thesis writer is curious to know the Joads? reactions to the environments, how and why they react, and what decisions they make. In the analysis, the writer applies literary approach utilizing the theory of conflict as the main tool and the theory of characterization and setting as the supporting tools. The five characters in the Joads, Grandpa, Pa, Ma, Tom, and Noah, confront both outer and inner conflicts in responding to the environments. Some agree to leave the hard place, but some disagree. Each of them has their own reasons, which are revealed in the ways they react to the environments. Although they have different reactions and decisions, their endings are almost the same- they still suffer from the lacks of jobs, money and food.


PETRA III is a high brilliant synchrotron light-source operating at 6GeV. The commissioning of the machine had started in April 2009 [1]. In the first months of operation the Machine Protection System (MPS) ran on basic MPS requirements to protect absorbers and vacuum chambers in the damping wiggler section and the undulator section against synchrotron light. Therefore several alarms distributed along the machine are identified and within 100µs a dump command is created. The beam is dumped within 400µs by switching off the RF system [2]. Prior to the first user runs different improvements increasing the reliability and availability were planned and partly implemented in the MPS. This paper presents commissioning results of the system and gives an overview of these new implementations as well as a more detailed discussion of some alarm conditions and the dump procedure. Additionally some key aspects of the Temperature Interlock as one major alarm deliverer are described.


The thesis is to investigate the vehicle dynamic affected by the ABS system in a passenger car. We develop the equations of motion of the car with seven degrees of freedom including the longitudinal, lateral, yaw motion, and rotational motions of four wheels. The tire-ground forces are also considered in the model to evaluate the performance of the ABS system at different road conditions. The simulation investigates the ability of the braking controller. Two controllers are designed with the feedback of slip ratio and wheel angular velocity, respectively. They are tested on dry and wet road surface to evaluate the control performance. Then we adjust the Fuzzy controller to shorten the braking distance and time on various road surfaces. The experimental studies that use hardware in the loop simulation and combine the ABS hardware and the vehicle dynamics simulator are also investigated for comparison.


In this review, updated check-list of marine fish in the Bay of Saroz, northern Aegean Sea was presented. From the results of relevant studies by the coastal fisheries and trawls in Saroz Bay, we therefore determined totally 280 fish species, belonging to 96 families. Coastal fisheries in Saroz Bay consist of small scale such as gillnet, trammel net, longline and handline fisheries, while the large scale fisheries is very limited.


A Theoretic Model, research procedure, operational method, teaching arrangement and requirements were proposed from the initiative topic study of history elective courses in the senior high school about how to form and develop students learning capacities. It could use for reference to the current research learning.


To reveal the nature of CO2 reduction to formate with high efficiency by in situ hydrogen produced from hydrothermal reactions with iron, DFT calculations were used. A reaction pathway was proposed in which the formate was produced through the key intermediate species, namely iron hydride, produced in situ in the process of hydrogen gas production. In the in situ hydrogenation of CO2, the charge of H in the iron hydride was −0.135, and the Fe–H bond distance was approximately 1.537 Å. A C-H bond was formed as a transition state during the attack of Hδ− on Cδ+. Finally, a HCOO species was formed. The distance of the C-H bond was 1.107 Å. The calculated free energy barrier was 16.43 kcal/mol. This study may provide new insight into CO2 reduction to formate in hydrothermal reactions with metal.


The article focuses on the exhibition activities of the Russian Academy of Arts after the reorganization of the USSR Academy of Arts in 1992. The author analyzes how new expositional principles of showing modern artistic practices connected with Russian art tradition were developed during that difficult transition period. Among them one can single out exhibitions dedicated to the creative heritage of famous dynasties of Russian artists (including the Vasnetsovs, Zhilinsky, Rukavishnikovs, etc.). The development of the Academy exhibition activities was closely connected with the preparation of its exhibition halls which required restoration and the opening of the adjacent Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery.


A comparative assessment studies were undertaken to standardize the Preliminary Phytochemical extractive yield obtained and physicochemical characteristics of the Unani single drug Gurmar Booti (Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.) Fam.-Ascliepiadaceae. used in India since the sixth century BC to provide human healthcare support in Ayurvedic and Unani, ASU. & ISM. as a traditional folk medicine, It has been reported ,investigated in various ethenobotenicals surveys, and also the immense treatment of Prameha or Madhumeha, Ziabetus (Diabetes Mellitus type-2),Blood Glucose Level, Lipid Profile, obesity & metabolic disorder. Three samples of crude drugs were procure from raw drug national vendors of Delhi, Hyderabad and CRIUM., Herbal garden, Hyderabad region by employing Preliminary Phytochemical, extractive & physicochemical standard methods. The QC. & QA. Parameters were carried out as per WHO. and AOAC., IPC. guideline to assess the quality & comparative screening of drug samples. The physicochemical data showed that the drug samples contained soluble extract in water as WSEM.(26.43%, 26.57%,26.73%),WSSEM-(31.01%,31.43%,35.13%) and in alcohol as ASEM(12.75%,12.94%,12.98%),ASSEM-(15.65%,18.43%,21.41%),in hydroalcoholic as HASEM.-(39.13%,39.50%,39.66%),HASSE M.-(46.93%,51.37%,53.49%).The obtained research review data's of Ethnobotanical, Preliminary Phytochemical screening, Europea ournal of Biomedic l AND Pharmaceutical sciences http://www.ejbps.com ISSN 2349-8870 Volume: 2 Issue: 4 275-294 Year: 2015 Research Article ejbps, 2015, Volume 2, Issue 4,275-294. SJIF Impact Factor 2.062 *Correspondence for Author Pawan Kumar Sagar R.O. (Chemistry), DSRU. Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine. (CCRUM., AYUSH.) Hyderabad.-38, T.S., India.


In a mobile networking environment, constant node motion result in drastic changes in spatial distribution of nodes which in turn causes changes in network topology. Blind position information updates could comprise a significant fraction of the network traffic. Consequently, maintaining accurate position information in such situations could become prohibitively expensive. In addition, the reference of information decreases as the distance increase, i.e., interest in position information could be highly localized and distant nodes do not require precise position description. In this paper, we propose a grid-based update mechanism that establishes the relationship between the grid-size and the frequency of position update. Such an association has two salient features: Firstly, only relevant updates based on location are transmitted avoiding redundant position updates. Secondly, it provides a guidance for adjusting the frequency of position updates in connection with the required positional accuracy and mobility pattern. We present an analysis of the performance of the proposed approach under the random walk mobility model, and proposes a fully distributed grid-based Markov model to capture the impact of mobility pattern on the frequency of position updates. We show in the simulation experiment that the proposed grid-based position update mechanism can reduce the network overhead for position updates by more than 65% while affecting the positional accuracy by less than 3%.


Since the reform and opening up,China's agricultural products circulation system has changed greatly. The diversified,multi-level,multi-channel and various-form agricultural products circulation system has been initially established based on market mechanism under national control. However,there are some outstanding problems in China's agricultural products circulation system: the level of modernization of agricultural products circulation is low,the cost of circulation is high,the informationization of circulation is weak,the infrastructure in agricultural products circulation is imperfect,foreign trade faces the serious challenge,etc. This paper asserts that the reform emphasis should be made on circulation channel,organizational system,logistics system and information system which should be further improved and optimized in the deepening reform of China's agricultural products circulation system. Moreover,this paper puts forward the thoughts for agricultural products circulation policy. Firstly,"more focus on production,less focus on circulation"should be changed to"focus on both production and circulation". Secondly,"supply guarantee"should be changed to"consideration of both supply and income". Thirdly,"quantity guarantee"should be changed to"consideration of both quantity and quality". Fourthly,"segmentation of domestic and foreign trade"should be changed to"integration of domestic and foreign trade".


Quorum sensing (QS) is well known for bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Inhibition of quorum sensing can reduce the risk of microbial pathogenicity in all infection. In this present study the compound Andrographolide which is present in Andrographis paniculata leaf extract was assessed for its anti quorum sensing activity against acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent biofilm formation in Serratia marcescens. The Andrographolide obtained from Andrographis paniculata exhibited a concentration dependent (100 µg/ml) reduction in biofilm production in Serratia marcescens to a level of 90% and compared with the standard Andrographolide (sigma aldrich). Microtiter plate and Light microscopic analysis further confirmed the reduction in the biofilm forming ability of Serratia marcescens when treated with andrographolide. In addition the Andrographolide present in Andrographis paniculata by itself showed no growth inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens.


The present paper poses a simple but fundamental and neglected demographic question: how many men women and children were involved? This issue is of central importance particularly if one assumes--as many Africanists do--that the initial expansion was through the tropical--forest belt. Movements of large groups on this route seem almost impossible though there is some evidence (Hiernaux 1968:514) that small groups of (swidden) agriculturalists may have traversed the forest. A hypothesis that bigger groups traversed the forest upstream along the rivers (e.g. Kuper and van Leynseele 1978) requires the assumption that the people altered their subsistence system (from [swidden] agriculture to fishing and back to agriculture again) which Is very unlikely to have been the case. In any case if many people--say 1000 or more--are needed to account for the presumably rapid expansion from the second center (be it in Katanga or in the interlacustrine region) the most likely solution seems to be a clockwise expansion around the forest fringe from Nigeria to the interlacustrine region; but this too could have been accomplished with few men. (excerpt)


Introduction: Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening terminal illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual (WHO, 2002). An attempt was made to study about the knowledge, attitude, and awareness about palliative care in a tertiary hospital by questionnaire study. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Chennai. A structured questionnaire was provided to the general population attending the outpatient department and the health care providers including doctors, dentists, and staff nurses. Their awareness, knowledge and attitude toward palliative care were assessed by the answers provided by them. Results: The awareness and knowledge were very poor among general population when compared to health care providers. Among the health care providers, there was no statistical significance among staff nurse, dentists and medical professional. Both the general population and health care providers were empathetic toward treating sufferers in palliative care and wanted the sufferers to die with dignity until their last. Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge need to be improved in palliative care especially among general population hence utilization of palliative care could be maximized thereby providing a good quality of life by the sufferers and their families until the end of the journey.


Clear cell papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is an uncommon benign neoplasm, usually seen in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Morphologic and immunohistochemical examination aid in distinguishing clear cell papillary cystadenoma from malignant histologic mimics including low-grade mesothelial proliferations and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Analogous lesions have been described in the female genital tract, often posing diagnostic challenges due to their low incidence. Here, we present the difficult diagnostic aspects of the first case of clear cell papillary cystadenoma involving the ovary, including the salient immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular characteristics.


Various test techniques have been established to investigate the electromechanical properties (EMPs) of coated conductor (CC) tapes under external loads. The most conventional method is to examine variations in a critical current, I c, by repeatedly measuring the V–I curves while intermittently applying a load or deformation to the CC tape. Conventional methods for obtaining EMPs, such as the reversible limits for I c degradation, require repeated measures of I c in a loading–unloading scheme, and this entails considerable time and effort, therefore, they must be improved for practical and engineering reasons. We recently developed an easy-to-use system that can continuously measure variations in I c while applying a load or deformation to the CC tape, thereby evaluating its EMPs. The main advantages of the new measurement system are real-time monitoring of I c behaviors during loading and allowing reduced the test time. While it uses a conventional test configuration, this new system continuously measures I c through effective feedback control of the electrical-field voltage induced in the CC tape specimen during loading. Through this feedback control system, the I c degradation behaviors in CC tapes resulting from possible cracking in the superconducting layer during loading are depicted. The reversible limits for I c degradation were also determined. To assess the effectiveness of this newly developed measuring system, the applicability of the method was identified by evaluating the EMPs of various commercially available CC tapes. By comparing the results with those achieved using conventional testing, we found this to effectively evaluate the EMPs of CC tapes. The results showed that this system provides a simple way of evaluating the EMPs of high-temperature superconductor CC tapes by simultaneously measuring variations in I c under load or deformation. It is much faster at depicting I c degradation behaviors, and it elaborately determines the reversible limits of I c induced in the CC tape during testing.


Public Senior High School 2 Siak Hulu is an educational unit level in Pangkalan Baru, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau. In its development, has various problems, i.e., garbage scattered students the school environment, several semesters do not carry out face-to-face learning. Student awareness about importance of living healthy life and keeping the environment clean is very minimal, therefore it needs socialized about controlling environmental pollution. Community Service Team (PKM) is interested in providing legal counseling on environmental pollution control at this school. This activity focuses on procuring the implementation of environmental pollution control socialization. The purpose of this activity is to provide: (1) legal counseling on environmental pollution control; (2) knowledge about the impact of environmental damage due to scattered waste. The results of the activity, new knowledge for students regarding environmental pollution and environmental destruction are different things. Need awareness of students to protect and preserve the environment.


Ganglion cyst is considered to be a usual cause of peripheral nerve compression. In this report, we present a rare case of ulnar nerve compression by a multi-septated ganglion cyst in the cubital tunnel. A 33-year-old left-handed male amateur tennis player developed progressive numbness and weakness in his right elbow, forearm, and hand for 1 year. Decrease of grip power was apparent in left hand. Clinical examination revealed a cystic mass at the posterior side of the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a ganglion cyst at the elbow. During surgery about 3 cm diameter epineural ganglion was observed compressing the ulnar nerve and was excised using microsurgery techniques. Three months postoperatively, the clinical recovery of the patient was very satisfactory and he restored his original performance in tennis match.


A new bridging reagent, N,N′-bis(chloroacetyl)propylenediamine was used to explore the relative activity and bridging pattern of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene and butylcalix[8]arene. It was found that the bridging reaction is selectively, at least, preferably at 1,3-position for p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene, 1,5-position for p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene. Taking the yield of bridged calixarene as a comparsion standard, the activity decreases with the increasing of the number of phenolic units in calixarene.


We here demonstrate the use of two complementary techniques [NanoSIMS and TEM using Focussed Ion Beam sample preparation] for investigating putative signs of early life. Two case studies illustrate that these techniques provide new in situ data on the nano-scale that can help constrain both the biological nature and true age of candidate signs of early Archean (~3.5 billion-year (Ga) old) life.


Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been demonstrated to bind to Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and to inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Recently, we have discovered that introduction of the RKIP gene into human keratinocytes induces differentiation. In this study, we first examined expression of RKIP in the mouse epidermis in vivo and found that RKIP was expressed in all keratinocyte layers. However, western blot analysis clearly showed that differentiated keratinocytes expressed more RKIP than undifferentiated keratinocytes. These data indicated that RKIP expression in the mouse epidermis increased with keratinocyte differentiation. As 1 ,25-dihydoxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) suppresses keratinocyte proliferation and promotes differentiation, we next examined the effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on RKIP expression and found that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased mRNA and protein expression of RKIP in cultured mouse keratinocytes. These results suggest that 1,25 (OH)2D3-induced keratinocyte differentiation may be mediated by induction of RKIP expression. Hirosaki Med.J. 62:166―172,2011