A coannular swirl-stabilized burner, equipped with a pulsation mechanism to introduce controlled periodic instability into the fuel flow to the nozzle, was used to examine instability mechanisms and demonstrate passive control of combustion instability. The effects of swirl configuration and airflow distribution on forced, unstable combustion were examined. Fuel pulsation was used to excite a dynamic response from the combustor that would mimic the behavior of instabilities encountered in many commercial, military, and industrial systems. The response of a spray flame to pulsations of different frequencies was examined using a sound spectrum analyzer and particle image velocimetry. The effect of swirl distribution in the burner, including co- and counterswirl distribution, on the amplitude response of three different flames to low-frequency fuel pulsation was examined. An analysis of the flame structure at different points during the cycle of a forced, low-frequency instability is presented for three swirling spray flames. The effect of airflow distribution on the dynamic response of one flame obtained with a particular swirl configuration is presented. Changes in swirl distribution, which affected recirculation and mixing, were found to reduce the magnitude of the flame response to forcing. Changes in airflow distribution, which affected residence times of product gases in the combustion region, were also found to reduce the combustor response to forcing. Changes in swirl and airflow distribution in a burner of this type were shown to provide effective passive control of combustion instabilities.


The Ramesside tomb of Panehsy (TT16) located in Dra Abu El-Naga (Luxor West Bank), consists of two decorated rooms and a passage of approximately 50 meters towards the burial shaft of the original owners. Abundant human remains were found in this passage. These human remains are the consequence of the continuous reuse of the tomb for secondary burials for over one thousand years after the original use of the tomb. The majority of the human remains were mummified but are now fragmentary and incomplete because of environmental issues and the actions of thieves who hacked up the bodies in search of amulets and other valuable objects.


Background: Health care organisations are seen as complex due tothe all time ongoing development of new and expensive technology.Which in other hand generates better quality but makes it hard forthese organisations to keep within their budget. A controller has anfundamental role in the work with managing accounting withinorganisations. With the help of a setup of control instruments thecontroller are to manage and control so that operations helps theorganisation to reach its economic targets.Purpose: Our purpose with this thesis were to study a selection ofhealth care organisation. Through explaining and analyzing thecontrollers usage of control instruments to reach economic targets anddevelop an understandning for how a controller are handling prioritybetween economic targets and care quality.Method: The thesis were formed with a qualtivive research design.With a strategy of studying multiple cases were the empirical datagathered from interviews with employees at two hospitals in Smaland.Our theoretical chapter is built on information collected fromlitterature and scientific articles that were available through the librarycatalogue at Linnaeus University.Conclusion: The results of this thesis shows that a controllers usageof control instruments focus on economic targets rather then carequality. With an greater use of the control instruments that are underdevelopment the controller has an opportunity to influence on carequality.


In this guest editorial Maurizio Albahari considers the refugee crisis, Europe's worst since WWII. Does this crisis represent a critical turning point?


Some wild felines have a diverse range of coat colors while others do not. Jaguars and leopards, for instance, come in spotted and melanistic forms but tigers are always striped and lions always beige. Smaller cats like clouded leopards, marbled cats, and ocelots are almost always patterned in the same way while jaguarundis, oncillas, and golden cats occur in several different colors and patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Geometric deformable models based on the level set method have become very popular. To overcome an inherent limitation in accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency, adaptive grid techniques using local grid refinement have been developed for use with these models. However, this strategy requires a very complex data structure, yields large numbers of contour points, and is inconsistent with our previously presented topology-preserving geometric deformable model (TGDM). In this paper, we incorporate an alternative adaptive grid technique called the moving grid method into the geometric deformable model framework. We find that it is simpler to implement than grid refinement, requiring no large, complex, hierarchical data structures. It also limits the number of contour vertices in the final contour and supports the incorporation of the topology-preserving constraint of TGDM. After presenting the algorithm, we demonstrate its performance using both simulated and real images.


tissues for electron microscopy were postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon0. The tissues for light microscopy were postfixed in neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. It is recognized that a dose of 4.5 krad is excessive and a lower dose would probably produce the desired effect among actively differentiating, radiosensitive cells such as those in this study. However, in order to be reasonably optimistic about locating the small precursor granule cells undergoing degeneration, we attempted to involve maximum numbers and thereby increase the odds for a successful recovery in ultrathin sections of the dentate fascia area.


Congenital structural heart defects are more frequent at higher altitudes possibly because of effects of low oxygen tension on pulmonary vascular resistance.1 As pediatric cardiologists living in La Paz, Bolivia (altitude, 12 000 feet [4000 m]), we frequently encounter children with large functionally limiting defects—primarily patent ductus arteriosus with left atrial and ventricular dilation as large as the postductal aorta and atrial septal defects lacking appropriate borders for percutaneous occlusive therapy— that cannot easily be managed with commercially available devices. Because open corrective heart surgery is unimaginable for all but the most extreme cases in La Paz, Bolivia, we sought to develop an alternative percutaneous solution, a biocompatible occlusive device that would be durable across a lifetime of cardiac cycles. Commercial devices to occlude structural heart defects comprise woven mesh discs that expand to fill the defect. Many of our patients are indigenous Aymara people for whom weaving is an essential skill. It occurred to us that the skills of Aymara weavers visible everywhere in the textiles of our culture might be used to develop an occlusive device unique to the needs of our patient population. We formed a multidisciplinary team of weaver artisans, biomedical engineers, and physicians to pursue the idea. The artisans helped us identify a weaving pattern appropriate to the materials and bioengineering requirements of the devices: the Andean cross or chakana, a simple cross with a superimposed square. Symbolically the chakana is said to represent pure symmetry of a universe without beginning, end, center, or direction. Practically, it was an already-familiar pattern and technique that could be used to weave a device of variable size using a single strand of material without soldered or welded connections so it could not corrode or break. The biomedical engineers helped us identify nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy, as the ideal material because it is elastic and has structural "memory," so it can be collapsed and delivered within a catheter to the heart where it can expand to its original shape and occlude even the largest of structural defects. After extensive development and testing, we now have a team of about 40 craftswomen who undergo 4 months of training to perfect their weaving skills in the laboratory so they can reliably reproduce the double-disk net design of the occluders within basic requirements of quality control, sterilization, and proper chemical and physical treatment of the devices. The Aymara weavers repeat the familiar chakana pattern up to 120 times per device. The pattern is ordered in a systematic way but with a modified technique; instead of a flat loom used for traditional textiles, a circular mold is used, with cylindrical structures arranged so that the size and design are fixed. Most smaller devices can be woven in about 3 hours, whereas larger ones can take a day and a half. Early experience with the devices suggest excellent clinical outcomes with few or no complications.2-6 The devices are easy to deploy, which minimizes procedure time and child exposure to imaging radiation, and their elasticity makes them minimally traumatic to friable vessels and structures of young children. They are approved by regulatory authorities in Canada, the European Union, and South America for routine use in the closure of clinically significant atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus in children and adults, and we continue to develop the devices and techniques in hopes that children in other areas of the world, including perhaps one day the United States, may have them as treatment options. Having visited many device-manufacturing facilities, we do not know yet of a machine capable of creating these complex microstructures. Only hands trained by several generations have this special ability, so these women weavers, with JAMA.COM +


Mr Green-Armytage in the course of his interesting and stimulating article, which proved so much more attractive than its title, seemed to me rather misleading, indeed quite wrong, on one important point. He writes: 'In the historical sense, for instance, we can translate what St Luke called history into what we call history. We can construct a chronology for the Gospels and Acts or for the life of St Paul. We can reinterpret the facts in a modern way and describe them in modern terminology. I would stilI maintain that such a process does not 'purge the Bible of mythological elements'; it is merely a changing of mythological trains. The prefix is stilI urn, not ent; for our modern ideas about the truths of history are not final ones. The ancients, for example, whether pagan or Christian, would have considered (and our descendants may well agree with them) that our intense pre-occupation with dates and chronology is excessive, a by-product of our Evolution-myth.' With some of this, I should not wish to disagree, but the remarks on chronology seem to me to go too far. I cannot see that there is anything in the least mythological about 'a concern for dates'. The annalistic mode of historical writing, which depends on a concern for dates and chronology, was created by, amongst others, St Jerome, Eusebius and Bede, and this annalistic mode was predominant in historical writing until comparatively modern times. Attempts to reconcile the Gospel narratives and to make chronological accounts of them surely go back to Christian antiquity. Our 'evolution-myth' is quite irrelevant in this connexion. All this has a very direct relevance to biblical studies. The first question posed by Scripture to its readers or hearers is surely, Is all this true? We must first ask, with Mr Green-Armytage, Was the tomb really empty? Did a virgin really bear a son who is Christ the Lord. Did he suffer in Palestine tempore Pontius Pilate and was he crucified, dead and buried and did he rise again on the third day? It is on the answers to these questions that what ought to happen next depends. The statements are concerned with plain facts, events in the biography of a real person. To ask if they are true is to ask Did they happen? It would be silly to ask if the Psalmist went into a mine before he composed De Profundis, but it is obviously crucial to ask if the tomb was literally empty. If the answer is yes, there is no room for interpretation at this stage, it follows that the


H.264/AVC supports many advanced compression techniques that can achieve better coding performance than the previous standards, and applications of H.264/AVC become popular and important in network multimedia services. However, because different networks might have different limitations of channel bandwidth, it is often needed to reduce the bit-rate of the coded video bit streams. Frame-skipping transcoding is one way to solve the problem. The most straightforward method for frame-skipping transcoding is to decode the video stream and re-encode the reconstructed video sequences after frame-skipping. Because H.264/AVC supports many advanced compression techniques, the computational complexity of the fully decoding and re-encoding process is extremely high. If we prefer to reduce the computational complexity, reusing information existing in the original incoming video stream can achieve this goal. But the coding performance will decrease significantly. Therefore, we propose a hierarchical mode decision, motion vector composition and multiple reference frames selection, and then combine with them for frame-skipping transcoding. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithms can maintain the coding performance and speed up transcoding process simultaneously.


The C/C composites electrolysis plank that applied to preparing fluorine we produced by carbon fiber perform,pitch infuse and carbonization,resin infuse and carbonization and high temperature treatment processing.Then it was analyzed by mechanics performance,electrical resistivity,thermal performance.At the same time,the C/C composites electrolysis plank was tested in electrobath.The results showed that C/C composites electrolysis plank had high mechanics performance,having perfect tensile strength,compressive strength,flexural strength and shear strength,having excellent anti-corruption,thermal performance and electrical resistivity.It extended life of electrolysis plank and reduced replacing in electrobath.The microstructure was analyzed by SEM.The experiment showed that fracture part was fragile fracture.


To examine long‐term clinical outcomes with transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure versus medical therapy alone in patients with cryptogenic stroke.


Summary When human erythrocytes were treated with tannic acid, they reacted normally with anti-A, and anti-D sera, but the reactions with anti-C, anti-E, anti-M and anti-N were either eliminated or markedly reduced. Purified blood group A substance could be adsorbed onto tanned B cells and B substance onto tanned group A cells; in each case the cells reacted serologically as group AB cells. When the D antigen was present along with the A antigen, the former was unaffected by adsorption of B substance.


With the rapid development of technology,new technology continues to apply to the textile equipment,education and teaching as a craft,and train highly skilled personnel to meet the needs of textile and high-tech enterprises,increase the cutting-edge technology,training is particularly important.The cutting edge technology into the teaching activities,the traditional teaching is a huge challenge facing many new difficulties and problems and increase investment education and teaching craft, schools and businesses to carry out closely,these problems solved.


PART I: LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT. Benchmarking Logistics Performance. Distribution. International Logistics. Controlling Logistics Costs. Logistics Management and Strategy. Software and Technology. Warehouse Management. Fifty-Four Tips for Improved Logistics Operations. New Logistics Products, Services, and Ideas. PART II: INVENTORY MANAGEMENT. Inventory Reduction Strategies: Insights from the Pros. Inventory Reduction Strategies: IOMA Readers Report What Works. Inventory Reduction Strategies: Case Studies of Success. Technology / Computers / Software. Purchasing / Supplier Issues/Vendor Managed Inventory. Audits and Physical Inventory / Accuracy. Benchmarks. New Inventory Management Products, Services, and Ideas. Best Inventory Management Tips. PART III: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT. Supply Chain Management: Insights from the Pros. Supply Chain Management: IOMA Readers Report What Works. Supply Chain Management: Case Studies of Success. Partnering Techniques and Negotiating. E-Purchasing/E-Supply Chain.


This issue of Latin American Perspectives is dedicated to the memory of Che Guevara on the twentieth anniversary of his death in Bolivia. His life was the personification of revolutionary idealism and practice, and his heroic struggle continues to be an inspiration to those who fight against social injustice and oppression throughout the Third World. To commemorate Che's life and death, the editorial collective of Latin American Perspectives has decided to publish the last paragraph of his farewell letter to his children as well as a poem written in his honor by the well-known Cuban poet Nicolás Guillén.


The behavior of confined thin films of a bitumen under sinusoidal loading both in shear and in a direction normal to the plane of the film (tension/compression) has been investigated. For small strains, behavior in tension/compression like that in shear, is linear and thermorheologically simple and the temperature dependence of the rheological parameters is the same in each case. In tension/compression, the degree of confinement can be defined by the ratio of the radius of the confining plates (r) to the thickness of the film (d). For confinement ratios greater than about one, the longitudinal complex modulus |M*| was found to be greater than three times the complex shear modulus 3|G*| (the value expected for shear behavior). The complex modulus ratio |M*|/3|G*|, where |M*| and |G*| are measured at the same frequency and temperature, was found to be approximately proportional to the square of the confinement ratio over the confinement ratio range 4.5 to 45. This relationship should be predicted by the the...


A total of 30 hybrids, direct and reciprocal, involving six inbred lines of the pearl millet were studied to analyse the expression of hybrid vigour for yield and its compo- nents. Heterosis was expressed for the characters studied and a high magnitude was noted in plant height and panicle length. The combination, MS. 7625 x MS. 7373 with its reciprocal, proved to be superior for all the characters except tillering.


All 2 — 1 precomplete Slupecki classes are described in the systems of the form P^ χ . . . χ Pkm. It is proved that any minimal relation defining a precomplete class in the system Pkl x .. . x Pkm is either a one-based or multi-based completely reflexive and completely symmetric relation.


The article focuses on the theoretical aspects of the interaction and competition of specific and foreign word-forming resources in the modern Ukrainian language. The views of linguists on the trend of development of the latest derivation system are outlined. It is emphasized that the symbiosis of native-Ukrainian and foreign-language word-formation means is generated and is based on the tendency to democratization and intellectualization of language in the context of globalization of social processes. Possibilities of functioning of productive foreign affixes in their interaction with specific counterparts are considered. Such forms contribute to the active creation of occasional and stylistically neutral derivatives and are markers of the current state of development of the Ukrainian language. It is substantiated that the analysis of new word-forming phenomena caused by globalization influences, processes of mastering new borrowings partly lacks objectivity, critical linguistic assessment, professional recommendations on the need and expediency of their use. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical aspects of the interaction and competition of specific and foreign word-forming resources in the modern Ukrainian language. It is substantiated that new phenomena and processes in Ukrainian word formation are largely due to extralinguistic factors, including globalization influences, active borrowings from the lexicon and sectoral terminology of the Ukrainian language, changes in socio-political nature in Ukraine, awakening of national-linguistic consciousness of the Ukrainian elite. etc., as well as linguistic factors, primarily the development of intralinguistic processes aimed at strengthening the indigenous word-forming variants and preserving the identity of national word-formation. It is determined that under the influence of globalization tendencies the Ukrainian language practice was flooded with complex units (direct borrowings and innovations), combining two nouns, the first of which expresses an attributive meaning. It has been observed that the parallel functioning of genetically heterogeneous but close in meaning prefixes has led to the development of unequal relationships between word-forming types, as well as discussions about their differentiation and qualification – prefixes, prefixoids, prefixoid bases, prepositional components, international components, etc. Ukrainian soil function as prefixes. It is determined that the new phenomena recorded in the Ukrainian language practice and in the word-forming structure of the Ukrainian literary language of the last two decades are heterogeneous, and dynamic processes are diametrically opposite: some of them are aimed at strengthening historically formed Ukrainian word-forming variants, preserving national identity. word-forming types of the Russian language and their replacement by Ukrainian; others, in particular those under globalization, especially active lexical borrowing, imposed on it word-formation patterns of complex words, abbreviations, and other derivatives of the English language.


Recently, fieldbus communication technologies have been widely deployed for industrial automation because they are profitable in providing easy system integration and management for multiple devices, as well as high-speed communication. It is essential for smart encoders to support fieldbus connectivity, where the device configuration and various types of information related to position are exchanged between an external controller and multiple encoders over the communication link. In this study, we implemented the CiA 406 device profile for smart encoders from the CANopen standards by extending an open-source CANopen standard-compliant framework, called CanFestival. The CiA 406 functionalities implemented in this study were validated on a test-bed consisting of a CANopen master and virtual CANopen encoders with our CiA 406 extension module.


The relation between the $n$-recollements of stable categories of Gorenstein projective modules and the virtual Gorensteinness of algebras are investigated. Let $A,B$, and $C$ be finite dimensional algebras. We prove that if the stable category of Gorenstein projective $A$-modules admits a $n$-recollement relative to that of $B$ and $C$ with $n\geq 2$, then $A$ is virtually Gorenstein if and only if so are $B$ and $C$.


An automatic surface registration method is developed based on Regional Curvature Map,an automatic surface registration method is developed.Matched point pairs between the two surfaces are established by matching RCMs,and the matched point pairs that satisfy the geometric constraints are selected to calculate the initial alignment transformation,which is fine-tuned by iterative closest point algorithm and verified.Experimental result shows that the proposed method can register two overlapping scanned surfaces effectively.It is efficient,robust to noise,and has a high successful rate.


ANY good magnetically soft type of core material is suitable for low- and medium-performance magnetic amplifiers. For these types, the permeability and core loss have only minor effects upon the control characteristic of the magnetic amplifier. If the saturation density is reasonably high and the core loss is reasonably low, then the material probably will be suitable for such amplifiers.


Manual detection of the U-shaped hoop state of the railway catenary is ineffective in accuracy. Some automatic methods have slow speed and low accuracy. In order to solve this problem, a U-shaped hoop state detection method based on semantic segmentation is proposed. Firstly, the bolt and nut area of the U-shaped hoop is segmented by the semantic segmentation model PSPNet, and then the state of the U-shaped hoop is judged according to the area ratio of the segmented area. On this basis, the lightweight network Mobilenetv2 is used as the backbone network to accelerate the segmentation speed, and the CBAM attention mechanism and the FPN feature pyramid structure are integrated to improve the segmentation accuracy. The experimental results show that the improved model in this paper is superior to the original model in terms of speed and accuracy, and at the same time satisfies the requirement of using the segmentation results to judge the state of the U-shaped hoop.


A lag deposit that separates the middle Eocene Squankum Member of the Shark River Formation from the early Miocene Asbury Park Member of the Kirkwood Formation near Farmingdale, Monmouth County, New Jersey, preserves an unreported chondrichthyan assemblage dominated by carcharhiniforms and lamniforms. Locally, sea level regression resulted in the exhumation of middle Eocene chondrichthyans from the Squankum Member of Shark River Formation and erosion of Oligocene sediments. Subsequent transgression mixed these middle Eocene chondrichthyan remains with early Miocene chondrichthyan material within a basal lag deposit belonging to the Asbury Park Member of Kirkwood Formation. The chondrichthyan assemblage from the Farmingdale region of New Jersey is similar to other contemporaneous middle Eocene and early Miocene faunas found across the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains in the United States and in shallow marine shelf deposits globally. The global distribution of taxa within the Farmingdale assemblage demonstrates the uniformity of postTethyan Ocean conditions and utility of chondrichthyan teeth in stratigraphic correlation. The Farmingdale assemblage supports prior studies that document evolutionary trends throughout the Cenozoic in which carcharhiniforms become the dominant chondrichthyan order in the modern oceans.


Through photogrammetry techniques, what current researches can achieve at present is rough 3D mesh and color map of objects, rather than usable photo-realistic 3D assets. This research aims to propose a new method to create photo-realistic 3D assets that can be used in the field of visualization applications. The new method combines photogrammetry with computer graphics modeling. Through the description of the production process of three objects in the real world "Bullet Box", "Gun" and "Metal Beverage Bottle," it introduces in details the concept, functions, operating skills and software packages used in the steps including the photograph object, white balance, reconstruction, cleanup reconstruction, retopology, UV unwrapping, projection, texture baking, De-Lighting and Create Material Maps. In order to increase the flexibility of the method, alternatives to the software packages are also recommended for each step. In this research, 3D assets are produced that are accurate in shape, correct in color, easy to render and can be physically interacted with dynamic lighting in texture. The new method can obtain more realistic visual effects at a faster speed. It does not require large-scale teams, expensive equipment and software packages, therefore it is suitable for small studios and independent artists and educational institutions. ■ keyword :∣Reconstruction Of Photo-Realistic 3D Assets∣Photogrammetry∣De-Lighting∣White Balance∣ 접수일자 : 2020년 09월 07일 수정일자 : 2020년 11월 17일 심사완료일 : 2020년 12월 01일 교신저자 : 안용, e-mail : email@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '21 Vol. 21 No. 1 148


In [1], we built and studied a Curie-Weiss model exhibiting self-organized criticality : it is a model with a self-interaction leading to uctuations of order n 3=4 and a limiting law proportional to exp( x 4 =12). In this paper we modify our model in order to and to obtain a


I have published elsewhere (JAOS 93.4 [October-December, 1973]:527-538) my own estimate of Paul Wheatley's The Pivot of the Four Quarters (Chicago, 1971) and was in general disposed to accept Wheatley's major thesis, that the characteristic urban form, traced to its origins, was a ceremonial complex {pivot, p. 225). M. L. Vandermeersch's interesting review of this volume {TP 59 [1973J:254-262), however, rejects Wheatley's emphasis on the religious factor in the rise of the Chinese city. He does so by raising arguments which it would not have occurred to me to raise; and in so doing suggests to me that my own review of Wheatley may have been deficient in failing to explain fully the reasons behind my own acceptance of Wheatley's thesis. Since the thesis is of major significance to our understanding of the rise of Chinese civilization, it will be useful, I hope, to consider M. Vandermeersch's main criticisms in the detail which they deserve.


Along with the modem nursing development and the new nursing pattern utilization,protects the trouble relations further to strengthen,how does well the two relations to be more exquisite complex,because presently affects on at present protects the trouble relations the element and the countermeasure carries on the summary analysis.From hospitol evironment,nurses,patients and the community in areas such as elaborate and put forward for the solution of the factors,especially the nursing staff,a detailed deseription,including the concept of professional nursing staff,professional quality,comprehensive language ability and meticulous analysis.

Key words:
Nurse -patient relationship;  Nurse;  Patient;  The community in areas


Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder of the skin, with an incidence rate of around 2%. Males and females are affected equally, and, while it can occur at any age, the most common age for psoriasis to begin is between 20 and 30 years. Its lesions appear as red patches with silvery white scales on the scalp, elbows, knees and other parts of the body, with shedding of skin and in around 25% of cases localised pruritis may be experienced. The lesions may be pustular and there may be a localised burning sensation. Six different forms of the disease have been identified: plaque (the most common form), pustular, guttate, napkin, flexural and erythrodermic. When psoriasis has become chronic it may affect the nails, distorting their shape and making them pitted and yellow. Between 10% and 30% of people with psoriasis will also have psoriatic arthritis, which causes pain, stiffness and swelling of the joints.


Professional editors are most important resource for the survival and the development of university journals. In the new era the continuing education for editors should be strengthened in light of the human-based philosophy. The education consists of training in codes of conduct, education in the modern awareness, and competence-building training. The forms of education are diversified, including in-service training, visiting scholar, and diploma education.


Active-participatory methods are procedures that start from the idea that learning is a personal activity that cannot be replaced by anything, and the learner is considered to be the manager of his / her own learning, of the whole learning process. This becomes a unique and different activity from one person to another, being determined by the personal history of the subject, by the environment in which it originates, and by the social relationships it develops. Active-participatory methods involve activism, intrinsic curiosity, the desire to observe, explain, explore, discover. Active and participatory are those methods that mobilize the student's energies that help him concentrate his attention, stimulate his curiosity. Active-participatory methods emphasize operational knowledge, learning by action; bring students into direct contact with real life situations. These methods are educational, for example: independent reading, heuristic dialogue, exploration and discovery learning, collective discussions, etc. Therefore, learning is a personal activity that belongs to the individual; is a personal act that involves the student altogether. These methods focus exclusively on the child and are decisive in shaping the personality.


In order to make full use of the strong points and to overcome the weak points of Support Vector Machine(SVM) on the credit scoring prediction problem,a personal credit scoring model is proposed based on committee machine of support vector machine(SVMCM). Utilizing this model together with the approach of using the utility functions estimated for attributes to extract learning samples from the credit scoring prediction problem,comparing its performance with SVM,the experiment results show the model with better,quicker classification accuracy and being more compatible with classification problem.


Research subject . This study was aimed at examining iron ore and ore-bearing strata in the Pervy Severny iron ore district in the Northern part of the Tagil depression. This area features several ore occurrences and three small industrial objects, which have been almost completely exhausted, namely the Pervoe Severnoe, Sukhodoyskoye and Peshchernoe deposits. Materials and methods . The research was based on the analysis of published materials and available production reports on the aforementioned objects, as well as the author's own field observations and search for similar deposits in literature sources. Results . It has thus far been believed that magnetite ores were formed by contact-metasomatic interaction of Givetian limestone and the intrusions of dolerites and gabbrodiorites. However, the area under study is characterized by very few typical skarns. In addition, the ore bodies here are deposited in accordance with sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Iron ore deposits in the Lan-Dill Region in Germany seem to be the closest analogue, which suggests an alternative (volcanogenic-sedimentary) model of the formation of iron ore deposits in the Pervy Severny iron ore district. Conclusion . The use of the volcanogenic-sedimentary model allows search criteria to be specified, thus significantly increasing prospects of detection of new industrial iron ore deposits.


To make three-dimensional microstructures of SU-8 and the electroplated nickel by multi-layers, a good surface performance is required. In addition, the removal process of SU8 is necessary for making independent microstructures of nickel. In this report, we propose to apply the rotary in-feed ELID grinding method to this application in order to reduce the production cost to the level practical for commercial uses. This paper also describes the results in removing SU-8 without damages in the nickel structure.


The lightfish, Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin), is a cosmopolitan sternoptychid fish most abundant near continental shelf-slope breaks and rare in the open ocean. Recent studies have documented dense populations on seamounts of the South Atlantic and North Pacific. At Southeast Hancock Seamount, a small guyot in the central North Pacific, M. muelleri populations are mainly composed of juveniles. Seasonal length frequencies suggest that recruitment at sizes greater than 20 mm standard length (SL) occurs principally in spring and summer months, with growth over summer and fall coincident with decreasing abundances. Mature fish in reproductive condition occur in winter months but do not survive to the following spring; they also may be too few at this small seamount to support annual recruitment. Potential sources of additional recruitment include populations at several larger seamounts in the southern Emperor group and also the large populations around Japan. Advection of eggs and larvae in the Kuroshio Extension may provide recruits for dependent populations at the seamounts. Mean current flow and satellitetracked drifters suggest a transit time of 100-200 days from the coast of Japan to the region of the seamounts; estimates of age at length suggest that smaller fish have similar ages at recruitment. Gill-raker counts, however, differ between Japanese and seamount populations. We suggest that the southern Emperor Seamount populations serve as the source for replenished annual recruitment to the small population at Southeast Hancock Seamount. THE LIGHTFISH, Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin), occurs in high abundance near continental slopes in the Southeast Pacific (Robertson 1976, Clarke 1982), the Northwest Pacific near Japan (Okiyama 1971), the South Atlantic (de Ciechomski 1971, Hulley and Prosch 1987), and the Northeast Atlantic (Gjosaeter 1981). Its high biomass and shoaling behavior have suggested fishery potential in some areas I Manuscript accepted 20 May 1993. 2 Southwest Fisheries Science Center Honolulu Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS, 2570 Dole St., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2396 and Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. 3Current address: NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115. 4 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424 Japan. (Clarke 1982, Prosch and Shelton 1983), and it serves as an important prey source for many predatory fishes (Okiyama 1971). Although a member of a principally oceanic, mesopelagic family, the species seems to be associated with land masses, spending daylight hours near the bottom at depths from 100 to 500 m and rising into shallow water in large shoals at night where it apparently feeds (Okiyama 1971, Robertson 1976, Kawaguchi and Mauchline 1987). This species is rarely reported in open ocean areas, but the characteristic eggs may be common over oceanic depths adjacent to population centers (Williams and Hart 1974). In large-scale midwater trawl surveys away from land, however, M. muelleri is rarely encountered (Barnett 1984), but some records of small juveniles exist (Mukhacheva 1981, Clarke 1984). Drift in ocean currents can


This study aimed to investigate from the perspective of professional SAMU, the main themes of pre-hospital care (PHC), as subsidies for development of an educational tool focused on the school population. A qualitative study, four meetings in the focus group format, with 19 professional SAMU, in a municipality of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were categorized and analyzed with thematic analysis. The results highlighted the main issues or health problems of urgent and emergency tool for modeling and possible application in the context of the School Health Program. It was concluded that the selected topics are critical in the context of the APH, the potential severity and the possibility they involve children, even within the school environment. DESCRIPTORS: Emergency medical services. School health. Health promotion. Health education.


On October 21, 2010, a cholera outbreak was confirmed by the Haitian National Public Health Laboratory. By November 19, the outbreak had reached every department of the country, and by December 17, a total of 121,518 cases of cholera, resulting in 63,711 hospitalizations and 2,591 deaths, had been reported. By November 16, additional cases of cholera had been confirmed in the neighboring
Dominican Republic and in Florida. - A report by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on 24 December, 2010. Again, a cholera epidemic strikes a human population just recent. This time the cholera pidemic is in Haiti, a small country that has undergone large disasters. On January 12, 2010, a
huge earthquake killed over 3,00,000 people, leaving Haiti with a huge homeless population and
its main city, Port-au-Prince, devoid of most normal services and sanitary conditions. Many city residents left, but the more rural areas were not any better at supplying people with sanitary conditions. Many Haitians simply turned to their largest river in the country for water to drink, bathe, wash clothes, and swim in. This is a perfect environment for the development and spread of cholera
in Haiti. this occurs mainly in the developing world.


Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner was observed from Nov. 8 to Dec. 10, 1998. Pre- and post-perihelion CCD images of the gas (CN, C 2 ) and dust (green and red continua) coma were obtained with the 82 cm IAC-80 telescope at Teide Observatory (Canary Islands, Spain). For $v_{\rm p} =0.85 r_{\rm H}^{-0.5}$ and $v_{\rm d} = 1.19$ $\rm km~s^{-1}$ (i.e. characteristic of HCN being the CN parent species), the CN column density profiles are best reproduced with parent and daughter lifetimes of the order of 19 300 and 256 000 s. An equally good reproduction of the observed profiles is achieved by considering that a mixture of nitrogen compounds expanding at $v_{\rm p} =1$ $\rm km~s^{-1}$  and with a lifetime of 19 000 s produces CN with an ejection velocity of $v_{\rm d}=2.5$ $\rm km~s^{-1}$ and a lifetime of 174 000 s. Fitting the observed CN profiles with variable velocities and lifetimes, the results indicate that the nature of the CN precursor in comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner is still unclear, ruling out HCN as the only precursor and favouring a mixture of nitrogen compounds. Regarding C 2 , the derived lifetimes are 35 000 and 62 000 s, if the parent and daughter velocities are fixed at ∼ 1 $\rm km~s^{-1}$. Gas production rates derived by means of the Vectorial modeling with the mentioned above lifetimes and velocities indicate that (i) the comet activity decreases with decreasing r H (i.e. peak activity is not reached at the perihelion), and (ii) as already known, the comet is typically depleted in C 2 with a $\log {Q_{\rm C_2}\over Q_{\rm CN} } \approx -0.4$. The azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles of the continuum images are well fitted with $m \ge 1$ in a $\log~B - \log~\rho$ representation at projected radial distances ( ρ ) larger than 1000 km. The continuum light scattered from the dust in the coma of comet Giacobini–Zinner is redder than the Sun light on every date from Nov. 8 to 24, regardless the cometocentric distance. On Nov. 25, there is a sudden change in the dust color, being considerably bluer than the Sun, whereas on Dec. 7 and 8, the dust became much redder than it was before. These color variations do not seem to be related to sudden variations (relative minimum or maximum) in the cometary activity. The gas-to-dust mass ratio is ∼ 1, but affected by a large uncertainty (about a factor of 2) since the comet was not simultaneously imaged in the OH band, and the H 2 O production rate has been considered from other measurements taken some weeks before ours.


A manikin for practising resuscitation, comprising an inflatable body (1). The inflatable body (1) is adapted to absorb compression force exerted during simulated chest compression. Preferably, the manikin also comprises a chest plate (4), the chest plate (4) acting as a pressure distributor on the inflatable body (1). The chest plate (4) being connected to the inflatable body (1) by elastic means (22). The manikin may also comprise a lung part (2), the lung part being connected to a face mask (3). The lung (2) being adapted for inflation through the mouth and/or the nose of the face mask (3). The lung (2) having a chest portion (13) positioned substantially parallel to the chest portion (5) of the inflatable body (1). The face mask (3) being positioned at a head portion (7) of the inflatable body (1).


Melatonin signals night time by its rhythmic profile of secretion. Its measurement provides the best indicator of internal circadian clock timing. Treatment with melatonin induces sleepiness and lowers body temperature during 'biological day' (i.e. when its endogenous secretion is minimal) and it acts as a 'chronobiotic' to change the timing of the circadian clock. It has been used successfully to treat disorders of biological rhythms in humans


A reaction cell for the detonation of primary explosives is described. The cell is 250 mm in diameter and contains 30 samples, which can be initiated consecutively using a laser beam. A manually driven mechanism is used to locate each charge in its turn in a central firing position without having to break the vacuum. Eight 3‐in. observation windows and four 0.25‐in. feedthrough ports allow recording and analysis of the emission resulting from the detonation products. The design provides a means for protection against accidental explosion. The cell is currently being used for spectroscopic studies of the gaseous reaction products obtained from the detonation of lead azide.


We study the time evolution of a Bose–Einstein condensate in an accelerated optical lattice. When the condensate has a narrow quasi-momentum distribution and the optical lattice is shallow, the survival probability in the ground band exhibits a step-like structure. In this regime, we establish a connection between the wave-function renormalization parameter Z and the phenomenon of resonantly enhanced tunneling. PACS numbers: 03.75.Lm, 03.65.Xp, 11.10.Gh (Some figures may appear in color only in the online journal)


A small subset of patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD) is noted on echocardiography to have partially occlusive ventricular septal aneurysmal (VSA) tissue. These patients are often managed medically in anticipation of spontaneous closure. However, we have found that rather than being indicative of spontaneous closures this echocardiographic aneurysmal tissue can be misinterpreted, and represents a specific pattern of damage to the tricuspid valve. If echocardiographic VSA develops in the setting of a perimembranous VSD, contrary to historical practice, we feel that consideration should be given to earlier operation to limit progressive valve injury. Various techniques are available to surgically address tricuspid valve dysfunction during repair of a VSD, but we present a simple and reproducible technique to reliably repair the valve in this unique subset of patients.


This paper explores the use of morphological operators for feature extraction in range images and curvature maps of the human face. Two general procedures are described. The first is the identification of connected part boundaries for convex structures, which is used to extract the nose outline and the eye socket outlines of the face. The part boundaries are defined locally based on minima of minimum principal curvature on the surface. The locus of these points suggests boundary lines which surround most convex regions on the surface. However, most of these boundaries are not completely connected. To remedy this problem, a general two-step connection procedure is developed: the partial boundaries are first dilated in such a way that the gaps between them are filled. Second, the resulting dilated outlines are skeletonized with the constraint that the pixels belonging to the original boundary parts cannot be removed. A marker which identifies the convex region being described is then used to select the region enclosed by the new connected outline. Examples are given of this procedure in the extraction of the nose boundary and eye socket boundary. The second general procedure discussed is the identification of connected ridge lines, which is demonstrated in the extraction of the browline and the chin/jaw line. Ridge lines are defined as local maxima of maximum curvature in the direction of maximum curvature. The same skeleton-based procedure as above is first used to connect the ridge lines. Skeletonization is then used again to reduce these lines to simply connected ones. The last step primarily consists in extracting the longest path within the obtained components: this is achieved by using the propagation function to find the extremities of these paths and then connecting them within the components by means of geodesic distance functions. The entire process provides a robust and accurate extraction of brow and chin/jaw lines.


SUMMARYTransplacentally acquired lymphoidchimerism was detected in two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID)bytwo-colourcytofluorographicstudies. Thesecellshad no demonstrable function in studies in vitro. Following Tcell-depleted maternal bone marrow stem cell transplan- tation,evidenceof T cell function was detected20and 50 dayslater, and transient Bcell function was detected50dayslater. Theseimmunefunctionsappearedmuch sooner thanthe 90-120daysusually required for Tcell function andthe 2-2 5 years for B cell function to developafter haplo-identical stem cell transplants into SCID infants without transplacental engraftment. The presence of maternal lymphoidchimerismdid not interfere with haplo-identical marrow cell engraftment, even though no pre-transplant immunosuppression was given. This observation suggests that thetransplanted maternal marrow stem cell in some way conferred reactivity on the engrafted butapparently non-functional matureTcells that had entered the fetal circulation transplacentally.Keywords chimera


not by mediating. These statistics also show that the confession and pardon procedure – often evoked to stress the restorative, at times quasi-religious qualities of the court system – was only partially used: most defendants did not confess but were nevertheless convicted. This alone already points to more frictional 'conversations' and an adversarial logic animating the space of the gacaca courts. That said, this book moves well beyond a first generation of overtly legalistic, theoretical and normative studies analysing the legal responses to the Rwandan genocide. This literature often made assumptions about law-in-reality with little understanding of the Rwandan socio-cultural universe and insights regarding the 'smaller-scale interpersonal interactions that make up ordinary life' (p. ). It is the careful attention to these micro-empirical dynamics that sets Remediation in Rwanda apart from earlier studies. Indeed, the book presents vivid evidence of what it means to settle disputes and how these things get done in practice, not only de jure. And the work makes an important call to stop romanticising the 'local' and acknowledge the inherent violence of social repair, at the grassroots as well.


Received 20 June 2021 Accepted 13 October 2021 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver malignancy, whose heterogeneous occurrence indicates genetic dissimilarities between people in the main risk factors. Advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor implicated in several pathogenic conditions, including cancer. In this study, the impact of RAGE gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis was explored. To estimate the effect of gene variations of RAGE on the progress of HCC caused by any viral infection and to examine the relationship between a RAGE and the risk and progression of HCC. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1800625) (-429T>C), and the 63 bp deletion (-407 to -345) in the 5' flanking region of the RAGE gene were investigated among 90 HCV patients divided into 3 groups and 20 healthy controls. The HCV cases were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while the HCC was diagnosed by Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) test in addition to computed tomography. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed with abdominal sonography. The study detected a significant association of rs1800625 with the increased risk of HCC also majority of HCC patient (86.7%) showed 63 bp deletion polymorphism (407 – 345), our data suggest a correlation of RAGE gene polymorphism rs1800625 with the early stage of liver tumorigenesis and implicate its protective role in the progression of HCC.


Recently, due to advances in information technologies, the trend of tour types has been changing from package tour to independent tour. Independent tour is a tour which a traveler collect airplane ticket, travel destinations, sightseeing time, transport, lodging and plan traveling schedules by oneself. But the traveler has many difficulties for predicting tour schedules, due to lack of adequate information of travel destinations. In this study, traveling schedule prediction method which to minimize the cumulative fatigue of tourist for use of unnecessary transport is proposed using travelling salesman problem algorithm. It is considered moving time between sightseeing, sightseeing time on destination and traveling time for a day.


Objective To Sum up the experiences in needle biopsy and pathology diagnosis with prostatic carcinoma in order to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis,and to make better diagnosis and therapy with prostate cancer. Methods To analyze sixty prostate cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively. HE-section and immunohistochemistry analysis of the needle biopsy sample were recorded. Results In the samples of the sixty cases,pathology changes shows disordered gland structures,cytology abnormity and infiltrating cancer cell and so on. P 504S in immunohistochemistry shows positive,however CK14、P63、34βE12 shows negative. Conclusion Needle biopsy with prostate is an effective way to diagnose prostatic carcinoma. To diagnose should make a synthetical judgment according to clinical fearures,pathology and morphology features,as well as with immunohistochemistry analysis.


Effective communication is essential to complex shared decision making and is associated with improved recovery and pain control. However, patients and surgeons often have disparate expectations of treatment efficacy and perceptions of cure for advanced malignancies. This study measures correlation of patient and surgeon expectations with perceptions of cure.


During launching, the superstructure acts as a continuous beam supported by different launching bearings on the piers. Just before reaching the next pier, a part of the superstructure temporarily behaves as a long cantilever. As a result, a large bending moment and reaction force at the last bearing occur. The interaction of the internal forces results in a biaxial stress state in the cross‐section. This load case is usually determining for the buckling check and the structural design of the webs. Additionally, the webs of the superstructure and the launching bearing often fail to share the same center lines. This eccentricity can be caused by misalignments of the launching bearings, the necessary air gap to the lateral guide as well as the different thicknesses of the panels along the superstructure. These eccentricities are not considered in the buckling check according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [1]. It is often discussed how these eccentricities affect the buckling behaviour and whether they must be considered in the buckling check. In the case of launching bearings like a rocker system which includes an elastomeric bearing between the superstructure and the launching beam, the reaction forces of the nonlinear material behaviour are additionally discussed. In [2] the effects on the buckling resistance in dependence of load eccentricity for some parameters for the different types of launching bearings are presented. [3] shows the comparison of the buckling resistance with investigations from [4] and [5] with the buckling check according to [1]. A comprehensive summary and the new proposal for considering an eccentric load application and clamping effects in the buckling zone can be read in [6]. This paper shows first investigations of the influence of the elastomeric bearing and the problem of the reaction of the nonlinear material behaviour and its definition in the numerical model. The results have shown that load eccentricities in combination with elastomeric bearings have no impact on the buckling behaviour.


Business interpreting is interpreting involved in all business settings,and consecutive interpreting is mainly adopted on most of the occasions.In such kind of interpreting activity,business interpreters' competence is almost of the same with that required of general interpreters.Yet more requirements may lay upon the business interpreters.Based on Gile's Comprehension Formula of interpreting and Effort Model for consecutive interpreting,this paper has tried to discuss the kind of qualifications a business interpreter should have in order to do interpretation successfully in business settings.Business knowledge as extra-linguistic knowledge is an important part of interpreting competence in business setting.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam in comparison with cefoperazone in(treatment) of lower respiratory tract infections of elderly.METHODS Eighty six patients((seventy) years old) with lung infections were equally divided into two groups:cefoperazone/sulbactam group and cefoperazone group in a regimen of 1.0-2.0 g,twice daily for 5-14 days.RESULTS The effective rate of both agents were 100% and 80%,and their ADRs incidence rate of elderly was 4.98% and 25.00%, respectively.There were statistically significant difference(P(0.05)).CONCLUSIONS From results of this study it can be(concluded) that cefoperazone/sulbactam is an effective and safe drug for treatment of lung infection of elderly.


(Private business for) health record system of the patient is dynamically created a visit template, the user's profile and, to use the knowledge base in order to propose a content based on the current patient information. Medical caregiver or healthcare professional, by using the system of the present invention is displayed by a graphical interface, good operability (or simple operation) can be utilized visits template. Graphical interface navigation pane to move from one section of the template to another section (or, navigation screen), and displays the current visit information, to allow the user to add or delete information It includes a visit information window.


This paper focuses on one category of mental illness, the personality disorders, and discusses them from an interactional personality perspective. After reviewing the classification of mental disorders from a historical perspective, we briefly discuss the DSM–III with special emphasis on one of the multiaxial axes, the personality disorders. The role of psychosocial Stressors (Axis IV) is also described. We then discuss Leary's and Benjamin's interpersonal classification models and indicate why an interactional (Person by Situation) classification model (Endler) would be a more appropriate nosology. Finally, we discuss the relationship between diagnosis and treatment, and indicate that a complete classification scheme would have to link diagnoses with appropriate and specific treatments.


In this article, a novel coaxial three-electrode distributed conductance sensor (CTDCS) is proposed to achieve the salinity and oil content independent measurement of the liquid film thickness in multiphase slug flow. The conductance sensor obtains the liquid film thickness by measuring the conductance between the electrodes. However, the conductance depends on the liquid film thickness and liquid conductivity. For gas–water and oil–gas–water flows in an industrial process, the variations of the salinity and oil content of liquid phase change the liquid conductivity. This will seriously affect the measurement of the liquid film thickness using a conventional two-electrode sensor. Owing to its novel three-electrode configuration, the proposed CTDCS can overcome the problem mentioned above. The optimal geometry of the CTDCS is determined by exhaustive search using a finite-element method, and the electronic circuit suitable for the condition of conductivity variation is investigated. The ratio of two-channel outputs, which is independent of conductivity is acquired and its relationship with the liquid film thickness is established. The advantages of the CTDCS are that it can online compensate conductivity variations and acquire the circumferential distribution of liquid film thicknesses. Hence, the salinity and oil content independent measurement of liquid film thickness is realized for the first time.


Where space is limited, barytes concrete may be used instead of the more normal material for protective barriers in departments using X or γ rays. Few experimental data are available on the broad-beam attenuation of megavoltage radiation in barytes concrete. The following measurements were therefore made with primary radiation from a 4 MV linear accelerator and concrete of density 3·4 g/c.c, using the method of Greene and Massey (1961).


The paper follows a sequence of publications dedicated to development of new situational-event calculus, which main concepts are: using of order-sorted logic and branching time concepts, taking into account many alternative outcomes of the same action, applying actions, grouped in a list to model their simultaneity.


In eqn. 6, the function Tr() means the trace of a matrix. filter can be summarised as follows: Thus the algorithm for the discrete constrained KalmanConclusion: The problem of state estimation under algebraic constraints has been considered, and a method of solution based on the minimum variance criterion has been given. This problem arises in the study of power systems and economic systems where models are, in general, differential and alge-b r a i ~. ~ Indexina term: Computer-aided desian ~ An ILP (integer linear programming) formulation for finding the optimal module orientations in macrocell placement is reported. Compared to earlier approaches which work only for two-terminal nets based on the Euclidean metric for wire length estimation, the proposed method handles multi-terminal nets based on the Manhattan metric of the minimum bounding box of the pin positions which is more accurate. Experimental results of Benchmark examples have shown 7 to 11% reductions of half-perimeter cost wiring length. Introduction: Typical goals of module placement in IC layout are the minimisation of area, wire length, or a combination of these. After the placement of functional modules, the wire length required for interconnecting modules can be further reduced by proper reorientation of the modules. 90" rotation of a module may result in module overlaps because the shapes of modules are not generally square. This Letter deals with the module orientation problem to minimise the total wire length by flipping each module with respect to horizontal and/or vertical axes of symmetry. This postprocessing is restricted to horizontal and vertical mirroring and can be very useful as it


The 'real' Brachyopa dorsata in the Netherlands after 39 years (Diptera: Syrphidae) The hoverfly Brachyopa dorsata Zetterstedt, 1837 was already mentioned for the Netherlands by Van Aartsen (1970), based on a specimen from 1968, which later proved to belong to B. panzeri Goffe, 1945. On April 21, 2007, a male B. dorsata was collected from the flowers of Prunus padus in the north-western part of the Veluwe. The locality is part of a large mixed forest complex, dominated by old beeches. This is the first record of B. dorsata for the Netherlands. The species was expected, for it is known from a small number of localities in adjacent parts of Germany.


The aim of this study was to compare the selected physical fitness components between Bangladeshi and Indian girls aged 7 to 9 years old. The study was conducted on 107 Indian girls and 104 Bangladeshi girls for the comparison of selected physical fitness variables. The selected variables for the study were upper body strength endurance (flex arm hang), agility (4x10 m. shuttle run) and cardiovascular endurance (Reduced cooper test). T-test was used to find out the significant difference among different disciplines. It was concluded that there was significant difference between Indian and Bangladeshi girls in strength endurance (upper body). But the significance differences were not found on agility and cardiovascular endurance variables. Indian girls have better agility and cardio respiratory endurance than Bangladeshi girls but Bangladeshi girls have better upper body strength endurance than Indian girls.


This paper presents a scheme of novel electrically large monopulse circularly polarized interrogator array antenna, which works at Ka-band. A hybrid algorithm based on MoM (Method of moment) for electrically large array design is studied, in which the function of optimizing the puncture rate is contained. A novel 2×2 circular polarized sub-array is designed, which improves the axial ratio performance of whole array. The computation results of antenna performance have achieved the anticipated goal, and been verified by experiment. (4 pages)


Calcium desensitisation is defined by the ability of a mediator to cause smooth muscle relaxation independent of a reduction in intracellular [Ca2+]. One such mediator is cGMP and cGMPdependent protein kinase G (PKG). Several protein kinases have been implicated in the above process, and the present study was aimed at investigating the role of protein kinase C and Rho Kinase in calcium desensitisation induced in rat arteries by 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP), a cGMP analogue. Small intrapulmonary arteries (IPA, internal diameter ~200-500 μm) were mounted on a wire myograph, and permeabilised with 60μg/ml alpha toxin in pCa 6.5. IPA were bathed in PIPESbuffered solution (pH 7.1), gassed with 100% air and incubated at 26°C. In all preparations 1μM thapsigargin was present to prevent involvement of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ concentration was regulated by adjusting the ratio of K2EGTA to CaEGTA. Values are given as mean ± SEM; tests for significance were performed on -log concentrations, using Student's unpaired t test. The relaxation induced by 8-Br-cGMP (10μM) was found to be Ca2+ dependent, being 60 ± 6% at pCa 6.7 (n=4) and 38 ± 12% at pCa 6.4 (n=5), with an IC50 for 8-BrcGMP of ~25nM. At a pCa 6.4 the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 (10μM) if anything increased relaxation to 8-Br-cGMP (45 ± 13%, n=6), whereas the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 decreased it (18 ± 8%, n=5), though neither reached significance. At a pCa of 6.7, however, Ro-31-8220 caused a significant inhibition of relaxation to 10 μM 8-Br-cGMP (12 ± 13%, n = 7, p<0.01). Due to the degree of depression of tension at pCa 6.7 by Y-27632, its effect on 8-Br-cGMP could not be evaluated, so further experiments were performed on Ca2+ response curves. 8-Br-cGMP (100nM) caused a significant rightward shift of the Ca2+ response curve (EC50 Control: 157 ± 23 nM; 8-Br-cGMP: 252 ± 47 nM; p=<0.001; n=14). Y-27632 (10μM) alone caused a significant rightward shift of the Ca2+ response curve (204 ± 26nM, p<0.05, n=8), but in the presence of Y-27632, 8-Br-cGMP caused a further significant shift to the right (8-Br-cGMP+Y-27632: 306 ± 45nM, p<0.001 vs. Y-27632 alone, n=6). Ro-31-8220 alone also shifted the curve to the right (224 ± 5nM), but in the presence of Ro-31-8220 8-Br-cGMP had no further effect (8-Br-cGMP+Ro-31-8220: 285 ± 18nM (n=4). These results suggest a role for PKC but not Rho kinase in 8-Br-cGMP-induced Ca2+ desensitization in rat IPA.


The International Dermoscopy Society (IDS) conducted an online survey to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the daily practice of dermatologists working with patients with skin cancer, to collect data regarding the frequency of skin manifestations noticed by the members, and to obtain information about the use of teledermatology during the pandemic.

 The aims of this study are to identify changes within dermatology departments during lockdowns, to evaluate the use of teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to find the most frequent cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19.

 All IDS members (approximately 160,000 members) were asked to fill in a questionnaire sent by email. The questionnaire was available in English and was anonymous, with a compiling time of less than 5 minutes. The survey was open for 30 days (from April 24, 2020, to May 24, 2020) and it could only be filled out once.

 Overall, 678 dermatologists responded to the questionnaire; of these, 334 members stated that there had been a reduction of more than 75% in daily work activity during the pandemic, 265 dermatologists worked fewer days per week, and 118 experienced telemedicine for the first time. Acrodermatitis was the most frequently observed skin manifestation (n=80), followed by urticarial rash (n=69), morbilliform rash (n=53), and purpuric manifestation (n=40). Regarding the role of teledermatology, 565 dermatologists reported an increased number of teleconsultations, and the number of melanomas diagnosed during the pandemic was practically 0 for 385 (56.8%) respondents.

 This survey highlights that the outbreak had a negative impact on most dermatology services, with a significant reduction in consultation time spent for patients with chronic conditions, and an increased risk of missed melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis. Moreover, our study confirms earlier findings of a wide range of skin manifestations associated with COVID-19.

 None declared.


Operating out of Hong Kong International Airport, Cathay Pacific Airways is the city-state's official carrier. Find information on baggage & Checking details.


This article assesses the extent to which shifts in India's economic policy stance, and in the nature of economic sovereignty in the contemporary world, are combining to enhance the role of state governments in the making of India's foreign economic policy. Because of states' high-profile investment-promotion activities, it is tempting to classify India as a case of what has been called "constituent diplomacy," the increasingly direct engagement of subnational units in international affairs. But this would be to understate the central government's continued role in managing such important policy matters as external borrowing (from private and multilateral sources) and the regulation of core infrastructure sectors, including electricity, where despite states' key roles, the central government maintains control over certain critical decisions. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


To help the unemployed people to be re - employed, Guangzhou works out a program entitled 131 which offers the unemployed people financial aids in professional instruction, job recommence, profession training in terms the various applicant and their specific needs and effectively help people in re - employment and bring about positive social effects.


B-dependent airway inflammation triggers systemic insulin resistance. Am lung diseases (e.g., pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome) are associated with hyperglycemia, even in patients without a prior diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether the lung inflammation itself or the accompanying comorbidities contribute to the increased risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. To investigate whether inflammatory signaling by airway epithelial cells can induce systemic insulin resistance, we used a line of doxycycline-inducible transgenic mice that express a constitutive activator of the NF- (cid:2) B in airway epithelial cells. Airway inflammation with accompanying neutrophilic infiltration was induced with doxycycline over 5 days. Then, hyper-insulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed in chronically catheterized, conscious mice to assess insulin action. Lung inflammation decreased the whole body glucose requirements and was associated with secondary activation of inflammation in multiple tissues. Metabolic changes occurred in the absence of hypoxemia. Lung inflammation markedly attenuated insulin-induced suppression of hepatic glucose production and moderately impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues. The hepatic Akt signaling pathway was intact, while hepatic markers of inflammation and plasma lactate were increased. As insulin signaling was intact, the inability of insulin to suppress glucose production in the liver could have been driven by the increase in lactate, which is a substrate for gluconeogenesis, or due to an inflammation-driven signal that is independent of Akt. Thus, localized airway inflammation that is observed during inflammatory lung diseases can contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. was assessed using multiplex technology (MAGPIX, Millipore Bil- lerica, MA). Western blot analysis. Liver protein samples were homogenized using an extraction buffer (50 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton X-100 at pH 7.5 with 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF, 5 (cid:6) g/ml protease inhibitor cocktail, 10 (cid:6) g/ml trypsin inhibitor, 50 mM NaF, and 5 mM NaPP added before homogenization). After homogenization, tissues were centrifuged for 10 min at 4°C. Protein extracts were separated by electrophoresis on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Proteins were transferred to a PVDF transfer membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) by electroblotting. Mem- branes were blocked with 5% nonfat dried milk in Tris-buffered saline-Tween (TBS-T) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and then incubated overnight with antibodies to total Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser-473), (cid:3) -actin (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; Cell Signaling), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; Abcam, Cambridge, MA). After primary incubation, the blots were incubated with the appropriate peroxidase-conjugated secondary an- tibody (Cell Signaling) and were analyzed using chemiluminescence (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ). Bands were quantified via ImageJ software. Real-time PCR. Total mRNA was extracted from liver, skeletal muscle, and brain using TRIzol. The cDNA was synthesized from 2 (cid:6) g RNA with the high-capacity cDNA transcription kit. PCR ampli-fication was carried out using the Bio-Rad CFX system with TaqMan probes, and


The article briefly describes the life and scientific activity of Michael Aaronovich Golub, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor at the University of Tel Aviv (Israel), a well-known specialist in the field of diffractive optics, micro-optics, and digital holography, one of the scientists whose pioneering work became a foundation for a new scientific direction – computer optics.


Analysis of the gas composition of Devonian shale wells indicates that the composition of produced gas shifts during the production history of the well. Possible mechanisms to explain this behavior are examined in light of field and laboratory data. Application of diffusion theory is made to explain adsorption-like behavior exhibited by some shales.


In many practical problems,such as the frozen gravel or the frozen gravel-fill embankments,it has been illustrated that the frozen porous material obeys a highly non-linear failure criterion.Based on the upper bound theory of limit equilibrium analysis,a formula is obtained for the plastic work rate that takes place in a frozen embankment consisting of a perfectly plastic material obeying the non-linear failure criterion with an associative flow rule in the plane strain regime.The non-linear failure criterion is reduced to a linear one that is the tangent line of the former in the stress space in order to simplify the procedure of the stability analysis.The advantage of the presented method lies in its incorporation of the related non-linear effects and yielding results of high accuracy with simple calculation procedure.The analyses indicate that the results for the slope stability obtained by using the linear failure criterion in the existing literatures can be applied to the cases with the nonlinear failure criterions in engineering practice.


This paper introduces an improved algorithm form inutiae extraction,and special algorithms are designed with respect to various noises to delete pseudo minutiae from original minutiae set.The comparison shows the superiority of our technique in terms of speed and accuracy.


The purpose of this thesis is to try to study the classic text, Shakespeare's Hamlet, as if it were organized within the same aesthetic conventions and implicit ideologies as those the critic sees in the contemporary text. Here the aesthetic conventions in the contemporary text, considering the periodical time, is the postmodern aesthetic with the appearance of deconstructive criticism, Hamlet cart be analyzed from this postmodern aesthetic point of view.
The postmodern aesthetic is based on Derrida's differance which is the systematic play of differences, of the traces of differences, of the spacing by means of which elements are related to each other. In the history of drama, Samuel Beckett is considered as the fully embodied dramatist of postmodern aesthetic in his dramatic works. Becket's aesthetic may be summarized into two aspects: namely, dramatic structure and language. In the dramatic structure, Beckett himself insisted that form is content and content is farm. And, in language, Beckett utilizes human language as a means of expressing the uncertain and absurd situation of human being. Beckett's characters cannot communicate each other in the absurd situation and their conversations are just word play. Becket's plays present their author's intuition of the human condition by a method that is essentially polyphonic; they confront their audience with an organized structure of statements and images that inter penetrate each other and that must be apprehended in their totality, rather like the different themes in a symphony, which gain meaning by their simultaneous interaction.
In Shakespeare's Hamlet the postmodern aesthetic is found through the dramatic structure of alternation between presence and absence, both 'is' and 'is not', and Hamlet's word play. Hamlet has shown the aesthetic of differance, presence and absence, in various ways: the absence of center represented by Claudius, the absence of root and origin of family by Gertrude, the absence of Father Hamlet by ghost, the absence of Hamlet's identity by pretending to be mad, the absence of true love by Ophelia, and the absence of friendship by Rosencrantz and Guildernstern.
In conclusion, the situation Hamlet faces in Hamlet is a deconstructive open-space in which he cannot have absolute belief and meaning by the endless alternation between presence and absence. The postmodern aesthetic is essentially neither affirmative nor negative, and doesn't restrict its criticism and interpretation. It aims at admitting varieties rather than unifying them.


The caesium vanadium oxide phases Cs[V3O8] and Cs2[V6O16]·0.7 H2O were synthesized by a room temperature process, a promising alternative method to traditional routes to MV3O8 phases. The characterization of these compounds and Cs4[H2V10O28]·4H2O by powder X-ray diffraction, SEM and solid-state NMR is provided. In particular, we used 51V and 133Cs MAS NMR to investigate the local environment of caesium and vanadium nuclei and 2D 1H → 133Cs CP MAS HETCOR experiments to explore the spatial connectivities between caesium ions and water molecules in the interlamellar space. The results obtained on Cs2[V6O16]·0.7 H2O illustrate how powerful solid-state NMR can be to study structurally disordered materials.


The present invention relates to an online / mobile electronic commerce system using rock, paper, scissors game; By allowing the purpose of the technical implementation upon by combining the simple play mode of rock, paper, scissors game made while offline to online / mobile services, space and enjoy the Woo Rated for all ages easily participate in any complex operating system, a healthy game culture so to give help, and as well in this way composed of rock, paper, scissors online / by using the mobile game to be combined with advertising, sales and corporate communications functions of the product, commercial use and thereby services using a rock, paper, scissors game that increase competitiveness It will provide an on-line / mobile e-commerce systems; Another objective is Janken granting of discounts in accordance with the game winning and, as a prize payments related differentiation through cumulative, and pay-per-view event services of points that can use like cash, giving it a new interest and participation motivation to customers so to, advertising and articles and that doubles the effect of the sale, as well as depending on the ad that you want to use this service only customers themselves involved in the game as the destination and product sales activities, in other words, permission marketing (permission marketing) strategies, confidence in products and rise to become the image of the company, will provide an in-line / mobile electronic commerce system using an efficient e-commerce to be a rock Paper scissors game so done. Accordingly, the present invention for achieving the above object; Individual companies and system operators of Web servers who want to trade then correlated by an automatic data processing system, and image of selling products from the individual companies, and therefore prices, discount rate, the purchase method in accordance with, the product specification transfer products provides receiving data with; Wherein, based on the transmitted item information, selecting only useful products to customers, products to be employed with screening step; Above, pay prizes games room images and information of the selected item, and points accumulated game room, and then save some items on display step of arranging on the main screen of the Web site operators subdivided into anterior and; Above, to determine whether the registering through the website the product is on display, targeting customers sign up for membership, the prize game room, and points accumulated game room, and save even and registering steps to be allowed a selective approach on the front .; Above, to target the customers connected to the game room through the registering step, rock, paper, scissors provide a game, the game provides steps to be given the prize winner and the points accumulated, and the discount rate benefits depending on this rock, paper, scissors game Odds Wow; Doemeurosseo perform the above, obtained through the game step provides prizes and accumulate points, and the winner receives applying a discount rate of premium applications and payment Purchase Offer purchases steps to perform the application, it will be achieved.


Chitosan possesses a lot of advantages,including biodegraubility,biocompatibility,non-toxicity,strong antimicrobial andantioxiutive activities,it has become one of hot research topics for chitosan to be applied in foods as natural preservativeandantimicrobial agents.According to a large number of research results,the relationship between molecular structure of chitosan and its antimicrobial and antioxiutive activities was discussed,application of chitosan on food was mainly reviewed.


The project CUPID (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events CUORE Upgrade with Particle Identification) borns with the aim to build a bolometric experiment, able to operate in the zero-background conditions, using the CUORE infrastructure [1] incorporating Si and Ge bolometer-light detectors that permit to identify the type of particle received [2]. The main problem with this type of detectors is the amount of light reflected by its surface, but detectors efficiency can be enhance by increasing the amount of photons transmitted. We proposed and developed an anti-reflective thin film coating produced by PECVD. Plasma stability was monitored using Optical Plasma Spectroscopy. Refractive index matching was used to evaluate different possible coating materials with a λ/4 thickness. A stoichiometric 92 nm SiO2 was developed using HMDSO and O2 as precursor and reactant. Film characterization techniques are: White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy (WLRS) to measure the reflected light in the UV-VIS region and determine the thickness; ellipsometry (at Padova University) to obtain the refractive index and thickness; Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy to study chemical composition and immersion on LN2 to observe the low temperature effects on thin film characteristics. The coating developed increase the transmitted light into the detector up to 28%.


We found that current calibration for the COMPRES 8/3 assembly is not sufficiently accurate for the high-resolution phase boundary determinations in the multi-anvil press. We have conducted measurements on the bridgmanite-majorite-akimotoite triple point in MgSiO3 using the multi-anvil press and laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Pure MgSiO3 glass was loaded in a rhenium capsule for multi-anvil press experiments at 20-22 GPa and 1600-2100 C. For phase identification, we conduct 2D Raman spectroscopy on the multi-anvil samples at Arizona State University. A series of laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC) experiments have been performed combined with in situ X-ray diffraction. We compare the results from the LHDAC and multi-anvil press experiments. The triple point determined through these experiments will provide an important reference point in the pressure-temperature space for future high pressure experiments and allow mineral physicists to compare the P-T conditions measured in these two different methods.


In the literature dealing with cholecystography only scanty information can be found on attempts to visualize the gallbladder in children, and the results reported are not very satisfactory. Thus, in his text-book of pediatric roentgen diagnosis, CAFFEY (1950) states that in his practice satisfactory gallbladder shadows had not been demonstrable in children under the age of 3 years. The reports by BOYDEN and FULLER (1934) on a cholecystographic study of the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder in children are based on a material consisting of subjects between 6 and 11 years of age, and the authors make no reference to the incidence of visualization of the gallbladder. Even CAMPAGNONI (1949) in his study of cholecystography in infants gives only vague information. Describing his method intravenous injection of tetraiodophenolphthalein in a dose of 5 mgJkg body weight he points out its difficulties, but no account is given of the number and age of his patients or of the percentage of cases in which contrast filling of the gallbladder was obtained. Using Priodax (Biliselectan), HRDLICKA, WATKINS and ROBB (1945) carried out a study on 47 unselected infants and children, giving 0.51.5 g!10 kg body weight of the contrast medium in repeated doses. Their results are summarized in table 1. Thus, although the authors consider Priodax to be a satisfactory contrast medium for infants and children over 9 months of age, it may be stated that the procedure used is beset with a considerable number


The European eel Anguilla anguilla migrates from the coasts of Europe to its spawning grounds in the Sargasso Sea. As the eels cover this 6000 km distance without feeding, anguilliform swimming has been regarded as a prime example of highly efficient aquatic propulsion. We investigate the hydrodynamics of anguilliform swimming motions using three-dimensional simulations of the fluid flow past a self-propelled body. An evolutionary optimization algorithm is used to determine the motion of the body for different objectives, linking swimming motion and biological function in a systematic fashion. The objectives are the swimming efficiency and the burst swimming speed of the swimmer as they pertain to migration and hunt/escape behavior, respectively. The kinematics of burst swimming is characterized by the large amplitude undulations of the tail and the straightness of the anterior part of the body. In contrast, during efficient swimming, significant lateral undulations are present along the entire length of the body. In burst swimming, the majority of the thrust is generated at the tail, whereas in efficient swimming, in addition to the tail, the central part of the body contributes significantly to the thrust. The wake, for both swimming modes, consists largely of a double row of vortex rings and corresponding lateral jets with an axis aligned with the swimming direction Fig. 1 and is consistent with experimental results.


Background
The HealthKick (HK) study showed that educators (teachers) had a high prevalence of risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Little data are available on parents or other primary caregivers of learners from disadvantaged schools.

Aim
The aim of our study was to determine modifiable risk factors for the development of NCDs in a sample of caregivers of schools included in the HK intervention program.

Participants
Caregivers of grade 4 children from 25 schools were invited to take part in the study and 175 participated. Caregivers were Black Africans and of mixed ethnic origin.

Methods
Dietary intake was measured using a validated frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured by completing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Caregivers described their smoking habits and alcohol usage. Weight and height were measured for each participant and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Results
Eighty percent women and 50% men had a BMI ≥25 (overweight or obese). The most frequently consumed categories of foods were processed foods, energy-dense foods, and high-fat foods representing unhealthy food choices. More than half of the total group (81.7%) and both males and females were meeting physical activity recommendations of 600 METs/week. Many caregivers, particularly men (53%), smoked cigarettes and reportedly consumed alcohol during the week and on weekends.

Conclusion
Caregivers of children in the HK study population presented with a large number of modifiable health risk behaviors. These results highlight the importance of engaging caregivers, as part of a whole school intervention, to promote healthy eating and physical activity.


INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major healthcare concern, with a worldwide prevalence rate of approximately 2.2% (1). Over the past decade, there have been several advancements in the treatment of HCV infection. Both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases' (AASLD) have reported that the most efficacious treatment for this disease is the combination of weekly subcutaneous injections of long-acting pegylated-interferon (PEGIFN) alfa and oral daily ribavirin; as such, this regimen represents the current standard of care (2,3). Several factors can influence treatment outcomes, including baseline viral load, HCV genotype, body weight, race, fibrosis score, and compliance. As a result, the dose of PEG-IFN alfa and ribavirin and the duration of therapy are tailored according to factors known to A SPECIAL ARTICLE


Fumaric acid esters, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in particular, have been established for the therapy of psoriasis and, more recently, multiple sclerosis. In the light of therapy‐limiting dose‐dependent side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation, reducing the effective doses of FAE is a worthwhile goal. In search of strategies to maintain the anti‐inflammatory activity of DMF at reduced concentrations, we found that NF‐κB inhibition augmented key anti‐inflammatory effects of DMF in two complementary experimental settings in vitro. At non‐toxic concentrations, both proteasome inhibition with bortezomib as well as blocking NF‐κB activation through KINK‐1, a small molecule inhibitor of IKKβ‐profoundly enhanced DMF‐dependent inhibition of nuclear NF‐κB translocation in TNFα‐stimulated human endothelial cells. This resulted in significant and selective co‐operative down‐regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules crucial for leucocyte extravasation, namely E‐selectin (CD62E), VCAM‐1 (CD106) and ICAM‐1 (CD54), on both mRNA and protein levels. Functionally, these molecular changes led to synergistically decreased rolling and firm adhesion of human lymphocytes on TNF‐activated endothelial cells, as demonstrated in a dynamic flow chamber system. If our in vitro findings can be translated into clinical settings, it is conceivable that anti‐inflammatory effects of DMF can be achieved with lower doses than currently used, thus potentially reducing unwanted side effects.


ABSTRACT To examine the type distribution of pathogenic group A streptococcal (GAS) strains in Mexico, we determined the emm types of 423 GAS isolates collected from ill patients residing in Mexico (Durango or Mexico City). These included 282 throat isolates and 107 isolates from normally sterile sites. Of the other isolates, 38 were recovered from other miscellaneous infections. A total of 31 different emm types were found, revealing a broad overlap between commonly occurring emm types in Mexico and the United States. The information obtained in this study is consistent with the possibility that multivalent, M type-specific vaccines prepared for GAS strain distribution within the United States could theoretically protect against the majority of GAS strains causing disease in the two cities surveyed in Mexico.


Abstract This is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.12, The Health Sector Contribution to Disaster Reduction, of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related the healt sector's contribution to disaster reduction as pertain to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) issues; (2) lessons learned; and (3) recommendations.


The search for a novel peptide-based antibiotic as replacement for currently used antibiotics is promising as it seems to develop less resistant compared to that of other type of antibiotic. Eighteen different food and soil samples were used for screening of a novel bioactive peptide producing bacteria. Among 1,265 isolated bacteria, one hundred and sixty seven isolated colonies showed antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Listeria monocytogenes by co-culture method. The activity of partially purified bacteriocin or PPB prepared from three isolated strains, CR-1-2L, SP-1-36LM and SO-4-1LM against L. monocytogenes were 10


This work was developed in the form of draft descr iptive field under the problems observed and reported by those affected, as are all being de prived of the beauty of the night sky. Light pollut ion is increasingly becoming more incident in the environment, therefore technically it was decided to demonstrate what is happening in our landscapes. It does so by diagnosing the lighting system in publi c lighting in the city of Barquisimeto, assess levels of temperature and lux at a certain space and anal yze these measurements to propose improvements to the lighting system to minimize the effect of environmental pollution and light. During application of the selected methodology and instruments, measuring grids are made of temperature and light intensity (lux), were evaluated and analyzed the typ es of lamps installed as well as distances between pos ts. One of the most powerful were the images collec ted at night, and the amount of lux that is wasted when there is a selection guide and lamp less suitable for lighting, one of the results obtained was relative values between 15 to 20 lux, and the regulations established by public lighting is between 5 to 10 l ux, showing that the energy loss becomes highly polluted. The lamp used in most walks or places is the ornamental globe type. Lighting systems in existing streets and squares are contaminants from the standpoint of thermal and visual. It checks the astrologers theory "Loss of the Night Sky." Technic al studies are recommended in the draft lighting, consider light pollution levels of the lamps used p roduct and evaluate the existing market.


The brain is encased in the skull and suspended and supported by a series of three fibrous tissue layers: Dura mater, Arachnoid and Pia matter, known as the Meninges. Arachnoid trabeculae are strands of collagen tissues located in a space between the arachnoid and the pia matter known as the subarachnoid space (SAS). The SAS trabeculae play an important role in damping and reducing the relative movement of the brain with respect to the skull. The SAS is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a colorless fluid that surrounds all over the brain inside the subarachnoid spaces. This fluid stabilizes the shape and position of the brain during head movements.
 To address normal and pathological SAS functions, under conditions where an electrical stimulation is applied, this study proposes a novel fully-coupled electro-Fluid-Structure Interaction (eFSI) modeling approach to investigate the response of the system of SAS-CSF under the applied electric current, which is provided by the transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) technique according to the following steps. First, a two-dimensional channel model of the brain SAS with several trabecular morphologies is numerically simulated using the finite element (FE) method. The channel model is then subjected to a specific electric field intensity by applying a 1∼2mA direct current. COMSOL Multiphysics v. 5.3a software is used to perform the coupled eFSI numerical simulation in order to investigate the effects of the applied electric field on the flow of the CSF, thereby showing the deflection of the trabeculae inside the channel model.
 The results of this study demonstrate that the induced electric field causes less deflection of the trabeculae by exacerbating the velocity profile of the cerebrospinal fluid flow and decreasing the flow pressure applied on each trabecula inside the trabecular SAS channel. This electro-mechanostructural modeling approach is significant because of the applied current on the channel walls that can directly affect the CSF flow. In fact, the results of this study can open up a new horizon for future research on disorders like hydrocephalus, which involves an unusual production rate of the CSF inside the brain. This disorder may be controlled by applying an electric current in the brain, using one of the available brain stimulation techniques, i.e. tDCS. By using an electrical stimulation technique, one might control the dynamics of brain function and, therefore, regulate dysfunctionality through the first eFSI multiphysics modeling approach proposed in this study. Briefly, the brain SAS may be considered as a novel region for electrotherapeutic and electromechanical neuromodulation.