In the title compound, C9H6BrNO2, the indoline ring system, the two ketone O atoms and the Br atom are nearly coplanar, with the largest deviation from the mean plane being −0.1025 (4) A. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.510 (2) A], forming a three-dimensional structure.


In this paper we study properties of symbols such that these belong to class of symbols sitting inside S ρ,φ that we shall introduce as the following. So for because hypoelliptic pseudodifferential operators plays a key role in quantum mechanics we will investigate some properties of M−hypoelliptic pseudo differential operators for which define base on this class of symbols. Also we consider maximal and minimal operators of M−hypoelliptic pseudo differential operators and we express some results about these operators.


Abstract Since the completion of the Eastern enlargement in 2004, a major responsibility for addressing the Baltic Sea pollution lies with the European Union. It provides strong institutions to facilitate environmental decision-making and to enforce the implementation of regulations. However, the measures taken so far have not been sufficient to significantly improve the state of the Baltic Sea. In particular, the Common Agricultural Policy does not take the ecological characteristics of the region into consideration. Instead, it provides false incentives since it generally encourages farmers to increase production and to extend areas under cultivation. To enhance the EU's role, it is crucial to raise the awareness of the Baltic Sea's vulnerability in Brussels. Moreover, European regulations and policies should become more flexible and match the regional specific environmental requirements. At the same time, too heavy financial burdens and distortions of competition, especially for the region's agricultural sector, should be avoided.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to microbiology. Biological or artificial fluid medium containing the selected microorganism is centrifuged. Supernatant fluid is filtered. A series of diluted samples corresponding to increase in filtrate dilution of up to 10 -15 is obtained. The samples are exposed to an electric, magnetic and/or electromagnetic excitation field. Electric signals detected by a solenoid and the digital record of said electric signal after passing through an analogue-to-digital converter are analysed. Diluted samples for which characteristic electric signals, whose amplitude is 1.5 times higher than that of the background noise signals emitted by water, are obtained are selected. Test tubes with equal volume of diluted samples are placed in protective jackets to protect the diluted solutions from external electromagnetic fields. The solution contained in test tube T1 is used as the standard solution. Test tube T2 is placed in the immediate proximity of the sample or is brought into contact with sample X which is presumed to contain the selected microorganism (e.g., E.coli). The obtained electromagnetic signals are compared. Suppression of the signal indicates presence of the microorganism in sample X. EFFECT: group of inventions enables to obtain reagents and a system for detecting microorganisms in a sample, and detect infection in humans or animals. 3 ex, 8 dwg


Recent analyses of glacial ice suggest that the atmospheric concentration of methane has doubled in the last several hundred years, presumably due to anthropogenic perturbations of the relevant biogeochemical cycles. In principal, carbon isotopic measurements of atmospheric methane would provide information concerning changes in the sources and sinks of methane. The isotopic composition of methane is dependent on the source of the methane carbon, the mechanism of methane synthesis, and the degree and mode of oxidation which the methane has experienced. Unfortunately, few carbon isotopic measurements of atmospheric variations have been reported, so conclusions about temporal isotopic variations cannot be made. Also, before isotopic measurements of atmospheric methane can be used to identify changes in methane isotopic composition from different sources must be obtained. Methane bubbles from the anoxic sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, NC exhibit seasonal C-13 variations. The C-13 values ranged from -58 in August to -64 in the winter months with the evolution of the C-13 enriched gas occurring during periods of peak methane production. Even though a few intramolecular C-13 measurements of the pore water acetate have been made (methyl group, -26 per mil; carbonyl, -6 per mil), it is not clear how the acetate fermentation pathway affects the methane C-13/C-12 composition.


The brief austral summer is October through January. Only then does the midnight sun warm the coast to -15oC (5oF), balmy enough for a dedicated group of scientists to study the coldest continent on Earth. Scientists like Sally have alerted us to the growing hole in the ozone layer, discovered cold-loving life forms, and demonstrated the importance of polar oceans in global carbon and oxygen cycles.


Federal legislation expresses a long-term goal of reducing indoor radon to levels comparable to those outdoors. A thorough understanding of the behavior of radon and its progeny in the outdoor environment is therefore important We report near-surface measurements of radon, attached-to-aerosol progeny, and unattachcd-toaerosol progeny in the contrasting environments of the forested hill country of Oak Ridge, TN and the desert sands of White Sands National Monument, NM. Vertical progeny gradients are greater at White Sands due to a smoother terrain, and dose levels tend to be lower due to lower radon flux from the gypsum sand. Both sites show a significant diurnal variation of dose rate with a maximum occurring usually in the early morning. Correlation of dose rate variation with radon variation is surprisingly small suggesting the importance of other factors such as progeny deposition and aerosol concentration in controlling outdoor dose.


The bachelor thesis deals with the description of controlling model of an unnamed middle-size company focusing partly on order manufacturing, partly on small-lot production. The thesis is divided into five parts - the first three parts contain the definition and explanation of the term controlling, description of planning process and basic methods of product calculating as it is mentioned in literature. In the next part I describe the model of controlling procedures generally carried out by the controlling department. The following part brings the summary of knowledge and recommendations contained in the thesis.


Recently published experimental results indicate that current resists seem to be very hard to meet the International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) goals for Resolution, Line Width Roughness (LWR) and Sensitivity (RLS) simultaneously. This RLS trade-off has also been demonstrated through modeling work. RLS goals may not be possible for lithographers to achieve all three simultaneously by applying current standard chemically amplified resists and processes. In this paper, we have synthesized the various PAG(photo-acid generator) bound polymers for different anion size and other molecular weight (Mw). In order to reach the EUV resist targets, we investigate the effect of diffusion length on energy latitude(EL), resolution and LWR under DUV light and EUV exposure. We will also use DUV light to explore the impact of DUV contrast on the RLS relationships in EUV performances. We have measured Eth and LWR in DUV patterning process and correlated them with those obtained in EUV process. By using DUV light source we have setup EUV resist pre-screening and improving method.


The world is facing a massive transformation at the level of international business environment. Large transactions between the countries and the exploitation of the weapon called comparative advantage disconsiders in a multitude of cases what we generally call ethics. First of all, the paper stresses the issue of business ethics and its complexity in relationship with the free market. The western society haS evolved towards a well-stabilized theory of ethics in the last centuries, but in the meantime, the same socitey has developed a pregnant material tendency and has adopted consumerism as a new religion. The social development in the two mentioned spheres has led to a series of important dilemmas and contradictions, that not only persist, bu seem to be accentuated in the globalization era. The most concerning problems appeared in the Asian contries, where the utilitarian views put in practice have caused the individial' s rights and interests to be totally neglected. Asia may have appeared as a huge opportunity for the western companies in the '70, especially for the cheap labour force and the economico-political environment, but nowadays the oriental countries are transformed into a debateful ethical area, where 10- year old children are forced to work in unhu- man conditions. For all these causes the business ethics problem should be seriously taken into consideration and applied where necessary, while there is still time.


As the government plans to overhaul benefit support for disabled children, Tim Linehan warns that while the current system suffers from 'institutional pessimism', misguided attempts to cut bureaucracy may undermine the ability of parents, schools, and doctors to adequately care for children


The paper presents results obtained in Co and Co-Mo coatings by electrodeposition on glassy carbon and copper electrodes. Many factors involved in the electrodeposition processes contribute to coating's high quality. The electrochemical aspects of the coatings were studied by cyclicvoltametry, cronoamperometry and cronopotentiometry measurements for understanding electrodeposition processes. The structure of the layers depends on the electrodeposition potential and time.


This study focuses on the flow field of a round synthetic jet issuing into a crossflow. Six cases are investigated in which the jet-to-freestream velocity ratios range between 2.8 and 8.3. This corresponds to a medium-to-strong transverse jet, which is characterized using both two-dimensional hot-wire anemometry and particle image velocimetry techniques. A self-similar model is developed for the centerline trajectory and velocity of a transverse synthetic jet. The resulting scaling laws are validated with experimental data. The scaling coefficients are found to be independent of the synthetic jet strength (characterized by the stroke ratio) for large-velocity-ratio cases, provided that the jet velocity is calculated based on the momentum flux of the leading vortex ring of the synthetic jet. Furthermore, the velocity component parallel to the crossflow is enhanced over the crossflow velocity in the near field and fundamentally different from continuous jets. This can be explained by the induced effect of t...


The present research focusses on a comparison of experimental and numerical approaches for flow over fixed artificial rigid grass bed channels. Various flow parameters like longitudinal velocity, depth-averaged velocity (DAV), boundary shear stress (BSS) and secondary current are analysed and compared with seven numerical models: standard, realizable and renormalization group (RNG) k–ε models and standard, shear stress transport (SST), generalized k–ω (GEKO) and BSL k–ω models. To evaluate the strength of the seven applied models, the error analysis has been performed. It is found that the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models provided better results for both the DAV and BSS prediction, but the RNG k–ε model is found to be the most suitable for predicting the DAV and the SST k–ω model for BSS as compared to the other models. For the longitudinal velocity profiles, both the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models are found to provide good agreement with experimental results at the centre of the channel, whereas the SST k–ω model is more accurate near the wall. Overall, the SST k–ω model has predicted the results with good accuracy for all the flow parameters considered in the present study.


This paper explores the potential of Actor Network Theory (ANT) in understanding how the process of interaction and translation between human and non-human actors contribute to the development, adoption and diffusion of science-based innovations linked to the transition to organic farming. The study relies on two case studies, the French Camargue case covering a range of technical and social innovations, and the case from Bulgaria focusing on the development of a technical and product innovation, i.e. a veterinary product for organic beekeeping. The paper shows the limitations of classical approaches in studying innovations since they underestimate the role of heterogeneous actors, their status, and how they interact with each other. We argue that focusing on actors' interactions helps to better understand the so-called "uncertainties" and "turning points" in the innovation development, as well as to interpret them as natural elements. Moreover we argue that challenges to tackle should be problematized to increase the success of research programs. We also stress the importance of opinion leaders during the implementation and diffusion phase of the innovation.


INTRODUCTION From our earliest educational training, we are taught that as Americans, we all enjoy "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness;' principles on which our country was founded, as described in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. Similarly, most Americans, at least explicitly, support the concept of equality among citizens. In fact, most would support the notion of equality of rights (as well as associated responsibilities) as outlined in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. One often hears the familiar phrase that "in America, we are all equal." However, implicitly and in reality, we question whether this is truly the case. Rather, it appears to be more an illusion. If anything, inequality in many important aspects of life such as health, education, income, environmental quality, and safety continues to be more the rule than the exception in America of the 21 Sf century. The sad irony is that most Americans not only know that equality is not the "real" rule, but many also seem quite willing to accept this as a given. Moreover, many Americans strive to achieve and maintain this inequality by a pursuit of valued ends such as status, education, and income acquired fairly through individual efforts and abilities. The recent media coverage of the hurricane Katrina catastrophe vividly depicted "the other America" with its enduring problems of poverty, race and class. As Illinois Senator Barach Obama noted, "I hope we realize that the people of New Orleans weren't just abandoned during the hurricane. They were abandoned long ago-to murder and mayhem in the streets, to substandard schools, to dilapidated housing, to inadequate health care, to a pervasive sense of hopelessness." I Looking back in our history, declaring the equality of all men did not, however, prevent the United States from continuing the widespread practice of slavery. In fact, President Lincoln invoked the Declaration of Independence when positing that slavery went against the deepest commitments of the American nation. His most often quoted and famous example can be found in the Gettysburg Address: "Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Since that time, this phrase has been considered a hallmark statement in many other countries, in democratic constitutions as well as human rights instruments, and many have adopted similar or slight variants. For example, Article 1 of France's "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" states: "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only upon the general good." Likewise, the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1, also states: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."2 Biological differences aside, few people enter the world equal. Socioeconomic discrepancies related to income, education, environment, and culture are readily evident at any particular time. Furthermore, these differences are perpetuated and higWy resistant to change.


The phenotype of mice lacking the delta isoform of protein kinase C reveals that this isoform curtails signaling events after engagement of the antigen-specific receptor on B cells. The result is a state of non-responsiveness, termed anergy, that represents one form of immunological self-tolerance.


This article is a purpose to make a critical assessment of the socio-economic impact, that de everybody learn program in Caribbean Region through the private-public alliance. So this item proposes a statistical measurement factor evidencing actual results implementation of such spatially and temporally, in the context of state education policy for quality education association.


Stable ZnO nanoparticles suitable for further surface functionalization were synthesized in the liquid phase from homogeneous ethanolic solutions of the precursors lithium hydroxide and zinc acetate. It was found that the growth of the particles was governed by temperature as well as the presence of the reaction byproduct lithium acetate during the aging process. In particular, the reaction could be almost completely arrested by removal of this byproduct. The "washing" consisted of repeated precipitation of the ZnO particles by addition of alkanes such as heptane, removal of the supernatant, and redispersion in ethanol. Furthermore, the surface of the colloidal ZnO nanoparticles was successfully modified by catechol-anchoring group containing dye molecules, i.e., 5-(N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2-phenoxyacetamide)-10,15,20-(p-tert-butyltriphenyl)porphyrinatozinc (DOPAZ) and 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide)-10,15,20-tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrinatozinc (CAMIZ), for the study of photochemical propertie...


This paper dives into the topic of using the frequency-shift keying method of modulation in a digital communications system. When using a communications system, to transmit a signal through long distances efficiently is by modulating the signal. In digital communications, there are three shift keying techniques; amplitude, phase, and frequency. This research focuses on the implementation of frequency-shift keying in modulating and demodulating a signal using MATLAB.


Cassia siamea seed polysaccharide was grafted with acrylonitrile under microwave (MW) irradiation without adding any radical initiator or catalyst. Free radicals are generated here due to the dielectric heating caused by the localized rotation of the hydroxyl groups at the polysaccharide backbone and initiate grafting. To obtain the optimal conditions for the microwave promoted grafting, effect of reaction variables such as monomer/seed gum concentration; MW power and exposure time on the graft copolymerization was studied and the maximum %grafting (%G) and %efficiency (%E) observed were 150% and 43.54%, respectively. The representative graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared, Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction measurement, taking C. siamea gum as reference. At the same monomer concentration, K2S2O8/ascorbic acid initiated grafting onto the seed gum could result into 80% grafting with 23.22% efficiency. Various properties of the MW synthesized grafted gum like water/saline retention, water retention after saponification and viscosity of the gum solutions were studied. The results have been compared with the conventionally synthesized grafted gum and the parent gum. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2384–2390, 2006


Using a global climate model (Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2‐Carbon Cycle Stratosphere ) with a well‐resolved stratosphere, we test the sensitivity of volcanic aerosol plume dispersion to meteorological conditions by simulating 1 day Mount Pinatubo‐like eruptions on 10 consecutive days. The dispersion of the volcanic aerosol is found to be highly sensitive to the ambient meteorology for low‐altitude eruptions (16–18 km), with this variability related to anomalous anticyclonic activity along the subtropical jet, which affects the permeability of the tropical pipe and controls the amount of aerosol that is retained by the tropical reservoir. Conversely, a high‐altitude eruption scenario (19–29 km) exhibits low meteorological variability. Overcoming day‐to‐day meteorological variability by spreading the emission over 10 days is shown to produce insufficient radiative heating to loft the aerosol into the stratospheric tropical aerosol reservoir for the low eruption scenario. This results in limited penetration of aerosol into the southern hemisphere (SH) in contrast to the SH transport observed after the Pinatubo eruption. Our results have direct implications for the accurate simulation of past/future volcanic eruptions and volcanically forced climate changes, such as Intertropical Convergence Zone displacement.


Motion is an important cue for video content perception. However, the lacking of effective motion representation becomes a barrier for automatic video content analysis. In this paper, we propose a new motion descriptor to capture motion pattern from video clip. First, we transform motion vector field to a number of directional slices of energy. Then, these slices are measured by a set of moments. As a result, a multi-dimensional vector, called motion texture, is formed The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed representation had been validated by motion-based shot retrieval experiments.


The content of CO, SO2 an NOx as pollutants which be generated by combustion of coals are basic of this research. The agglomeration method as the way of removing ash and sulfur. Fraction coal in certain weight mixed with water and oil to produce agglomerates which is a clean coal can be extracted from them. Direct Combustion Furnace used for carbonization process in this research, which moisture and ash eliminated. The importance of studies are analyzed the elements of coal, the calorific value and analyzed of gas emission CO, SO2 and NOx.


Part 1 Epistemology and metaphysics: the computer as a laboratory for epistemology, Herbert Simon philosophical challenges in distributed computing, Peter Barnett SNePS - a fully intensional propositional semantic network, Stuart C. Shapiro, William J. Rapaport the structure of extension, Christopher J. Thornton. Part 2 Philosophy of mind: representational genera, John Haugeland the wanton module and the frame problem, Eric Dietrick and Chris Fields why thinking isn't computing, Daryl Close the secret operations of the mind, Saul Trager. Part 3 Logic: searching for proofs (in sentimental logic), Wilfried Sieg and Richard Scheines some problems on the computational representation of inference, Tryg Ager selecting a contradiction in natural deduction theorem proving, Andrew McCafferty automated translation from English to logic and back, Herbert E. Hendry and Joseph F. Hanna. Part 4 Algorithmics: a new paradigm for mathematics, Newcomb Greenleaf. Part 5 Ethics: should computer programs be ownable?, David H. Carey moral responsibility and programming, Robert Zerwekh. Part 6 Computer-assisted instruction: learning ethnical decision-making, Pieter Mostert et al finite structures in SYMLOG, Frederic D. Portoraro an interface for deductive proof construction, Marvin J. Croy Socratic dialogue, Don Barker and Stephen Scott proof designer, Mark Bedau and James Moor.


In this thesis I deal with an intersection between Ižanska road, Peruzzijeva street and Crna vas. Although this intersection is signalized, I will deal with it as if it is an unsignalized intersection. First I describe the current situation, and give reasons for its improvement. I calculated the permeability of intersection with the help of traffic loads data, that I got by traffic count. I decided to design two different solutions. The first solution would be, to reconstruct the geometry of existing intersection, and the second one would be to place a new roundabout. For both solutions I define and explain the elements that I used for their geometry. I check the permeability and the overview of the junction. I also list used road and vertical traffic equipment. At the end I assess which solution is more suitable and if there might be another, better solution.


The diagnosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) is often straightforward in most biopsy specimens. In a minority of cases, however, a differentiation from follicular hyperplasia (FH) can be challenging, especially in small needle core biopsies. The difficulty can be compounded in cases of FL with non-diagnostic immunoglobulin light chain ratios and cases of lymphoma without any significant surface expression of either immunoglobulin kappa or lambda light chain. The expression of bcl-2 by follicle center B-cells is often used to distinguish FL from FH using immunohistochemistry. The interpretation of bcl-2 expression patterns by immunohistochemistry, however, can be difficult because of normal expression of bcl-2 by T-cells present in reactive lymphoid follicles and by normal expression of bcl-2 by mantle zone B-cells. We have utilized multiparameter flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of bcl-2 in cases of FL and FH with successful results. This study includes consecutive biopsy specimens from well-documented cases of FL (n = 12) and FH (n = 16). Other lymphoma types were not included. Cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 was evaluated on CD10 + CD19 + B-cells using permeabilization techniques on a four-color Beckman-Coulter Epics-XL flow cytometer. Appropriate controls were run in each case. All cases of CD10-expressing FL showed significant expression of bcl-2 by CD10 + B-cells in contrast to no significant expression of bcl-2 by CD10 + follicle center B-cells of reactive follicles (Positive predictive value, 100%; Negative predictive value, 100%). Although our patient population is small, the results indicate that the expression of cytoplasmic bcl-2 on CD10 + B-cells by flow cytometry reliably distingushes FL from FH using CD10 gating. This method is superior to immunohistochemical evaluation of bcl-2 in cases with CD10 expression. A minority of FL, however, do not show bcl-2 expression (not seen in our series) and such cases must be taken into consideration when evaluating a clonal B-cell population with CD10 but no bcl-2 expression.


From monumental battle paintings to the public display of archaeological spoils to the decoration of urban vistas, visual culture promoted modern French imperialism. So argues Todd Porterfield in this look at the forces of art and politics in France's military conquest of the Near East. In challenging the conventional wisdom that France happened into imperial venture, Porterfield explores interactions among artists, generals, journalists, curators, and politicians from the time of Napoleon's Egyptian campaign to the invasion of Algeria during the Restoration and July Monarchy.


Abstract The ability of the transgenic corn rootworm resistant corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid, MON 863, to affect the predator Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) through the consumption of corn-fed aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis, Homoptera: Aphididae) prey was examined in the laboratory. Aphid weight was used as an index of prey quality. Larvae of C. maculata were reared to pupation on aphids that had consumed transgenic or nontransgenic (susceptible) corn plants. Larval duration, survivorship to pupation, postmortem adult dry weight (taken at 30 d after eclosion), adult mobility, and fecundity were compared for C. maculata between treatments. Fitness parameters of C. maculata were similar between transgenic and susceptible treatments, despite a 33% reduction in the weight of aphid prey reared on MON 863. Using immunostrip tests, Cry3Bb1 was detectable in the leaves of MON 863 but not in the susceptible plant, aphids, or C. maculata that were fed aphids. We conclude that transgenic corn that expresses Cry3Bb1 does not inflict acute or chronic degradations in fitness on individual C. maculata through aphid prey, but these results do not necessarily apply to other natural enemies, herbivores, or insect-resistant corn hybrids.


Axial and equatorial cyclohexylacyl and tetrahydropyranyl-2-acyl radicals gave distinct EPR spectra thanks to surprisingly large beta-hydrogen atom hyperfine splittings that enabled them to be characterized and monitored. DFT computations indicated that the axial species (X = CH(2)) had a higher barrier to rotation about the (O)C(alpha)-C(beta) bond. The computed difference Delta H degrees for the axial and equatorial radicals (R = H, X = CH(2)) was 0.8 kcal mol(-)(1).


Between 1910 and 1912, copies of some sixty burial chambers of the catacombs of Rome were reconstructed on the Valkenburg estate of the client, Jan Diepen. To ensure the integrity of the project, an 'Archeological Advisory Committee' was assembled under the chairmanship of the architect P.J.H. (Pierre) Cuypers. In response to a historiographical critique by the liturgical scholar Paul Post, this article demonstrates that among the members of the client's entourage the Valkenburg catacomb reproductions were associated not only with devotional or liturgical matters but also with art-theoretical issues.
In 1916 the members of the group of advisers chaired by Cuypers published a Festschrift to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the catacomb complex. The first sections of this article discuss and analyse the contents and structure of that publication. It is clear from the Festschrift that both the devotional and the art-theoretical significance of Christian archaeology were acknowledged. In the Festschrift contributions, the symbolic heart of the undertaking, the Salvatore Olandese fresco discovered by Diepen, is not only dealt with as a devotional object, but is also described as an art-historical transitional fresco.
The devotional and art-theoretical intent resonated even more clearly in the articles about the  complex that appeared in the Dutch press. The reports in the De Tijd newspaper of the opening of the first wing and of an episcopal visitation, confirm that not only the religious but also the artistic ideas associated with the reproductions in the Festschrift, were actually experienced and communicated in the catacomb complex.
Finally, the manuscript of the 1917 eulogy dedicated to Cuypers in the name of Diepen's advisers,  reveals that the latter were also cognizant of what the project might mean for Cuypers' oeuvre. While the Salvatore Olandese connected the Valkenburg reproductions with their Roman models, the manuscript shows that the members of Diepen's entourage also hoped that their catacombs would connect Rome with Cuypers' neo-Gothic architecture.


Chalcogenide glass fibres have been developed for transmission in the 8-12 µm waveband. The bulk properties of a range of selenide and telluride glasses have been studied and compositions chosen to optimise transmission and glass stability. The role of major impurities and the procedures used to minimise them are described. Selected compositions have been drawn into long lengths of polymer coated fibre with diameters controlled accurately up to 500 µm. Current fibres transmit with losses of 5-10 dB m-1 in the 8-12 µm waveband. Approximately 4 dB m-1 of this loss is attributable to scattering. Mechanical testing has shown that fibre strength is determined by internal defects. Their elimination should enable fibres to sustain bend radii of the order of one centimetre, and at the same time should reduce minimum losses to below 1 dB m-1.


Twenty paired pork legs were vacuum tumbled with cure adjuncts at 18 revolutions per minute (RPM) and 94.5 k Pa vacuum for 30 min. Following 40 days of curing, those legs from the right side were inoculated (I) with a mixed culture of microorganisms obtained from commercially cured ham and those from the left were not inoculated (C). All samples were evaluated at 56 days and 73 days for sensory traits. Water, NaCl, NO3 and NO2 determinations were also made. Inoculation increased (P 0.05) on juiciness or flavor. Aging increased tenderness (P <0.05), as evidenced in the samples at 73 days, and reduced the moisture content. Microbial inoculation did not accelerate the cure penetration rate and had no consistent effect on the amount of NO3 and NO2.


Objective:To study the protective action of complex prescription Yinbai granule on liver injury and its cholagogue action.Methods: Acute liver injury was induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.The biochemical indexes and pathological changes were used for evaluation.The cholagogue action was studied by biliary drainage method.Results: Compared with those of the CCl4 control group,AST,ALT and bilirubin levels of complex prescription Yinbai granule group were declined significantly.The pathological changes revealed that liver injury was relieved.There was no change in bile secretion after administration of complex prescription Yinbai granule.Conclusion: Complex prescription Yinbai granule has protective action on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride,and promotive action on bile secretion.


Progressive exercise training on the treadmill seemed to reduce both the catecholamine excretion and the subjective effort ratings associated with the exercise for 5 Ss.


Most of the cancer chemotherapeutic agents are associated with toxicity towards normal cells and tissues that share many characteristics with tumor cell, and in particular, high cell turnover. Optimal dosing of cancer chemotherapeutic agents is often limited because of severe non-myelosuppressive and myelosuppressive toxicities, therefore it is a continuing challenge to design therapy that is effective and also efficiently targeted towards tumor cells. Cytoprotective agents are expected to control or prevent these toxicities and include the use of synthetic and natural products. Specific chemoprotectants are emerging for cisplatin and anthracyclin antibiotics. None of the available agents satisfy criteria for an ideal chemoprotection. This has stimulated research for discovering natural resources with immunomodulatory and cytoprotective activities. Various botanicals and ethnopharmacological agents used in traditional medicine have been investigated by various workers for their chemoprotective, immunomodulating, adaptogenic and anti-tumor activities and have revealed promises towards developing into a potential drug for cancer treatment per se or as an adjuvant.


Introduction: the objective of this study was to evaluate the temperature variation of the pulp chamber during brackets bonding in different teeth types, with and without primer and in healthy or filled teeth. Materials and Methods: ninety human permanent teeth were used, 30 mandibular incisors, 30 maxillary bicuspid and 30 mandibular third molars, which were divided into 9 groups according to bonding technique (with or without light-curing primer), tooth type, filled or healthy tooth and thickness. A K-type thermocouple connected in a digital thermometer was introduced into the pulp chamber. Periapical radiographs were taken to check the thermocouple positioning and the brackets were bonded using a LED. The initial and maximum temperature reached during light curing were used to calculate the temperature variation. Results: the ANCOVA analysis showed that the bonding technique and tooth type (p≤0.05) influenced the temperature variation. There was a greater increase in temperature using primer. Regarding the tooth type, the incisors experienced a major temperature increase, followed by molars and bicuspids. There was no statistically significant difference for healthy or filled teeth groups and thickness factor. Conclusion: a molar showed the lowest temperature variation with 0.2°C and a lower incisor with the greatest variation of 4.3°C. The bonding technique using primer and adhesive caused a greater temperature range compared to the bonding with adhesive only. The mandibular incisor obtained a greater temperature range, then the molar and bicuspid. Therefore, the brackets bonding didn`t exceed the 5,5oC recommended for the pulp health maintenance.


This article explores contemporary photography and film works that highlight same-sex intimacy among female Southeast Asian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. My discussion expands upon feminist migration scholarship by examining how these projects document new migrant socialities and, further, how they invite reflection on the often transient intimacies they depict. As I show, the works render legible and validate sexual and romantic affiliations among migrant women that are commonly elided from their public representation. Yet the visual narratives move notions of intimacy beyond the frameworks of permanence, domesticity, and heteronormativity to interrogate how such framings intersect with concepts of good citizenship and market logics of privacy that foreclose the visibility of non-normative migrant socialities. What is more, by circulating "improper" images of migrant women's same-sex intimacies, the photography and film works mobilize alternative value economies through which the women's experiences are rendered legible without being made appropriable.


Summary. Application of slanted diffusers is accompanied with irregular heating of juice- and chips mixture in the unit length, which reduces the degree of extraction of sucrose from chips and microorganisms intensive growth inside the apparatuses, increases the sucrose loss during the extraction and the time of the whole process. A method for preprocessing of beet chips prior to extraction with hot solutions of chemical agents was suggested. It was experimentally found out that the best quality indicators are inherent to the juice obtained from chips treated with a solution of 0.05 % aluminum sulfate or with 0.10% bleach solution. Thermal processing of beet chips with the solutions of Al2(SO4)3 with a concentration of 0.05% and bleach with a concentration of 0.10 % results in a gradual beet chips uniform heating and denaturation of the proteins, which increases the mass transfer coefficient of sugarbeet tissue, increasing its permeability. Beet chips surface washing aluminum sulfate solution reduces the solubility of the protein and pectin substances, increasing the strength and elasticity of beet chips. pH of the medium is stabilized, which reduces the transition of non-sugars from beet chips into the diffusion juice in the process of sucrose extraction. Combination of thermal and chemical treatment allows to stabilize the colloids of sugarbeet tissue and to heat beet chips to the optimum temperature of the diffusion process of 70-72 °C before entering the diffusion apparatus and to improve its structural and mechanical properties. The use of preliminary heat treatment of beet chips: improves the efficiency of diffusion processes; blocks the transition of substances of protein-pectin complex of beet chips into the raw juice, whereby their content in the diffusion juice is reduced; reduces the color of purified juice by 15.1 %, the content of calcium salts by 31.3 % in comparison with the standard method; -improves the purity of the purified juice by 1.2 %. All this corresponds to the increase in the yield of sugar by 0.3 %.


In this letter, we present a new structure composed by a long-period grating (LPG) and a microsphere in series, which works as a modal interferometer besides allowing the mode coupled to the cladding to be coupled back to the core. The LPG was written by the electric arc technique and the microsphere was fabricated using a splicing machine. It is possible to use this new structure for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. It also allows one to obtain a temperature compensated strain sensor by using a proper data processing algorithm, which utilizes two distinct wavelengths for strain and temperature. Then, a strain sensitivity of 0.86 pm/ $\mu \varepsilon $  and a reduced temperature sensitivity of 0.7 pm/°C were achieved.


Houses in jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dining room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan was mostly built. 5ryang structure has mugoju(無高柱) 5 rang. 2goju(高柱)7rang is traditional housing structure figure, that comes long time continues a way of build housing, further more ganisig or changed to 2goju7rang. Ganisig7rang is composed housing style from mugoju, and that housing style appear from during transformation of ganisig 2goju7rang, and generally used to common people.


Channel Estimation in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication is a big challenge, especially for multicarrier transmission. The conventional methods are not suitable to the severe frequency selective fading channel; also current channel estimation techniques used in the multicarrier underwater communication system do not use the sparsity nature of the underwater acoustic channel efficiently. To solve the UWA channel estimation problem, this paper proposes the time reversal compressive sensing (TRCS) channel estimation method used in the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) system. Converting the selective fading channel to be impulse like channel based on time reversal mirror is employed to improve the performance of compressive sensing (CS) channel estimation technique. In order to take the carrier frequency offset (CFO) effect, a pattern of a preamble symbol is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is more robust and performs better bit error performance in a measured underwater channel compared to the conventional methods..


Retail is a buzz word in today's changing business environment. Different industrial sectors are in the phase of transition from conventional business models to innovative, market driven and consumer centric models. In India rural retail is not a new word, however the emerging formats of rural retailing are changing the entire scenario and posing tough challenges in front of Indian retailers. They are now designing customized retail products and services and targeting the untapped segment of the market. Presently, nearly 60% of the population resides in rural India and their retail requirements are partially met by the unorganized retail stores. This study is an attempt to explore the potential of rural retail market of India, accessing their needs for products and brands. The study also aims at developing a business model for the rural retail market in India. Under, this heading "rural retailer preference for Britannia India private ltd in Trichy market" is analyses to study the retailer's preference for Britannia Biscuits. In earlier period people prefer to use any type of products whichever is cheaper. But the present analysis says that people prefer branded product with reasonable price. As Britannia is branded product has been reached rural consumers through rural retailers. And the study found that rural market is ready to accept the change that is rapidly happening in urban market. But rural consumers are different from urban consumers. As per analysis made regarding occurrence of problem in distribution channels the result says that their 46.8% of retailers postpone their purchase and 40.5% of retailers purchase from nearest wholesalers who is in the next stage of channel of their distribution and very few switch to other brand. In this study analysis that the rural retailers preference and to overcome with the distribution problem used to capture the rural market towards Britannia biscuits.


In mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), broadcasting is used intensively for path discovery. Minimizing redundant rebroadcasts and time latency during re-broadcast can considerably improve network performance and node connectivity. In this paper we propose a Zone-based Routing Protocol with Parallel Collision Guidance Broadcasting (ZCG) for MANET. The network is divided into contiguous zones lead by the most reliable and capable nodes, called zone leaders, that are identified by a zone construction protocol. Routing is established using a new parallel collision guidance broadcasting technique which is initiated by the zone leaders for routing within and between zones. Through simulation results we demonstrate that ZCG provides fast routing and a reduction in control overheads in comparison with a typical reactive routing protocol (AODV).


Because of its high specific surface area, metal foam is expected to further enhance the flow and thermal performance of a minichannel heatsink. In this study, fully developed flow in minichannels with porous fins was studied. The porous geometry was constructed based on Laguerre-Voronoi tessellation and simulated in a pore scale, which eliminated the influence of parameter selection in a macroscale method. The influence of porosity, filling ratio, and Reynolds number on velocity field and pressure drop was analyzed. The general relationship between the Poiseuille number and filling ratio was determined, and a correlation was obtained using the study results. The results of this study were compared with those of the macroscale method, and finally, the influence of effective viscosity was discussed.


While systolic arrays are widely used for dense-matrix operations, they are seldom used for sparse-matrix operations. In this paper, we show how a systolic array of Multiply-and-Accumulate (MAC) units, similar to Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), can be adapted to efficiently handle sparse matrices. TPU-like accelerators are built upon a 2D array of MAC units and have demonstrated high throughput and efficiency for dense matrix multiplication, which is a key kernel in machine learning algorithms and is the target of the TPU. In this work, we employ a co-designed approach of first developing a packing technique to condense a sparse matrix and then propose a systolic array based system, Sparse-TPU, abbreviated to STPU, to accommodate the matrix computations for the packed denser matrix counterparts. To demonstrate the efficacy of our co-designed approach, we evaluate sparse matrix-vector multiplication on a broad set of synthetic and real-world sparse matrices. Experimental results show that STPU delivers 16.08X higher performance while consuming 4.39X and 19.79X lower energy for integer (int8) and floating point (float32) implementations, respectively, over a TPU baseline. Meanwhile, STPU has 12.93% area overhead and an average of 4.14% increase in dynamic energy over the TPU baseline for the float32 implementation.


The twenty-first century has seen a renewal of scholarly interest in religion that might seem surprising, especially given how many scholars have for so long steadfastly behaved as though religion was in progressive decline since sometime in the eighteenth century, and that this decline was inevitable (Berger). Precisely because religion has thwarted this and other assumptions, there is today a pervasive uncertainty about just how to understand religion. What is especially perplexing, as José Casanova observes, is "the assumption of public roles by precisely those religious traditions which both theories of secularization and cyclical theories of religious revival had assumed were becoming ever more marginal and irrelevant in the modern world" (5). Rather than abandon politics for the safety of private life, in other words, religion has found new and creative ways to adapt and reinvigorate itself in the public sphere. In response to this state of affairs, some have proposed that political theology is the rubric best suited to reconsidering the relationship between religion and politics. Political theology, in this context, refers to the "stories we tell ourselves about our nature as humans, our aspirations for order and justice in light of the sacred, and what, thereby, constitutes and limits legitimate rule over our collective lives" (Kessler 1). But it also refers "to the impossibility of both to completely separate and to completely conflate politics and religion" (Vardoulakis 125). To understand why interest in political theology has emerged at this particular moment, when there seems to be pervasive uncertainty about the fate of religion in the modern world, it is important to recognize that its appeal is not so much its analytic bite but the synthetic possibilities it offers; political theology offers new possibilities for charting relationships that cross otherwise hard and fast barriers. It is clearly this desire to capitalize on new possibilities for thinking about religion and politics that motivates Hent de Vries to argue, in his introduction to Political Theologies: Public Religions in a Post-Secular World, that political theology "reach[es] further . . . upon the central questions of political philosophy and political theory" than other approaches to religion, and offers, Nineteenth-Century Contexts, 2014 Vol. 36, No. 3, 269–285, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2014.919991


enforce these laws before the Thirty Years' War. Meanwhile, Lance Lazar does not uncover any expansion of state power in the construction of Catholic identity through cheap devotional tracts produced by the Jesuits. Marc Forster's article acknowledges a pattern of collaboration between the Catholic Church and states to reform the clergy and to introduce standard religious practices. However, he suggests that after 1650 the involvement of the state in church life became increasingly routine and bureaucratic. In Bavaria, princes and state officials came to see Catholicism and the Marian cult as a tool for strengthening loyalty to the state. Meanwhile, the force of popular Catholic confessional identity remained strong, and by 1700 Forster finds that confessionalization was emerging 'from below'. Other contributions to this volume view confessionalization as a general context for their analysis of religion and society. Susan Karant-Nunn discusses the role of displays of emotion in Protestant churches, arguing that 'Calvinists went even farther than Lutherans in reducing emotion-arousing messages' (116). Robin Barnes discusses the distinctive attitude adopted by Lutherans towards astrology. While Calvinists attacked astrological predictions in popular almanacs as challenges to divine sovereignty, among Lutherans knowledge of the movements of the stars was seen merely to reveal the divine order. Bruce Gordon discusses John Dury's mission of the 1650s to encourage the Swiss Reformed churches to adopt his irenic project and overcome confessional divisions with Lutherans. Finally, Constantin Fasolt's article points to the decline of confessionalism during the mid-seventeenth century through the writings of Hermann Conring, who suggested that religious diversity need not disrupt peace and order within a state. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not confessionalization as a coherent model can in fact be applied to Europe as a whole. Is there value in historians only discovering endless variations on the original theme of confessionalization? While the law of diminishing returns remains a danger, this volume demonstrates that historians certainly do benefit from thinking clearly about the parallel experiences of different religious communities, patterns of religious polarisation and co-habitation, and the role of states, churches, and ordinary people in the construction of confessional identities in early modern Europe.


Ion bombardment is a diverse laboratory technique with many applications including reactive ion etching, focused ion beam milling, ion implantation, sputter deposition, and ion beam characterization techniques such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Of particular interest are the nano-topologies that form under the presence of ion irradiation. Periodic nanoscale ripples, dots, and high-aspect ratio structures can self-organize under ion bombardment. However, the relative importance of various mechanisms that underlie the self-organization process are poorly understood. This project aimed to investigate the importance of ion beaminjected stress as a mechanism influencing the dynamics of nanoscale ripples. It has previously been observed that ripples will propagate along the surface of certain materials during ion bombardment, and a recently-developed theory attributes this phenomenon to beam-injected stress. Our study aimed to test this theory by quantitatively measuring ripple propagation velocity at a variety of incidence angles for comparison with the functional form of velocity vs. angle predicted by theory. A 30 keV Ga+ focused ion beam was used to irradiate Si <001>. In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to directly record the ripple dynamics. Additionally, a methodology for measuring the propagation of ripples with respect to fluence (ions•cm-2) was developed and preliminary measurements were taken.


Recently, Vehicular Networks is being developed to provide variety of services such as email, ftp, and video streaming services. As IP mobility technology, Proxy Mobile IP is developed to provide these services for a VANET user. By adopting Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), Vehicular Networks can support IP mobility, but it may cause a proxy binding update (PBU) message when a vehicle moves from one MAG to another. In addition, if the density of vehicles on the road is high, significant PBU messages are generated. In this paper, we propose bulk PBU message to reduce signaling overhead by those PBU messages when a bunch of vehicles move from one MAG to another. When the vehicles move from one MAG to another, it generates only one bulk PBU message to update those vehicle's location. Through numerical and simulation results, we show that our proposed bulk registration reduces signaling overhead when the density of vehicles and the speed of them are high.


Lesotho's low-cost Urban Sanitation Program started in 1980 as a pilot component of a much larger urban development project. This document details the development of the program from that pilot stage to what is now a national program. The keys to the success of the low-cost sanitation program in general, and particularly in the urban areas of Lesotho, have been: (i) an affordable and acceptable latrine design; (ii) minimal direct grants or subsidies to householders; (iii) all latrine construction done by the private sector; (iv) a comprehensive program of ventilated improved pit latrine promotion, health, and hygiene education; (v) integration of the project into existing government structures; and (vi) strong coordination in policy and planning between different departments promoting improved sanitation.


The aim of the study is elaboration of a method for creating irregular scaffolds that can be used to model the behaviour of trabecular bone placed in the proximal epiphysis of the femur. The scope of the study encompasses creating six numerical models of irregular scaffolds (two solid irregular scaffolds, two shell irregular scaffolds and two shell irregular scaffolds with fortification) and performing numerical analysis of the proposed numerical models applying a finite element method.


Energy is the basis of the survival and development of human society, and the energy needed is increasing. Our building energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of total social energy consumption, so the research and development of building energy-saving technology is the top priority. The energy conservation and emission reduction of port public buildings should also be paid attention to. Domestic and foreign scholars' research on port energy conservation mainly focus on the management and planning of port construction, less on the specific energy conservation measures of port public buildings, staying at a relatively macro and overall level, and lack of detailed research on the function positioning, site selection and layout, and structural form of port public buildings.


Three dimensions special orthogonal group SO (3) is widely used to describe the rotation kinematics of the rigid body without local coordinates, which can avoid rotation singularity and unwinding in traditional methods. Propagating the rotation kinematics in SO (3) with a specific geometric integration method is not only to obtained numerical results with improved qualitative behavior, but also provided more accurate long-time integration results. While many studies have focused on geometric integration algorithms to preserve the geometric structure, this work has the additional objective of studying result accuracy. Integral curves on SO (3) obtained using the third-order Crouch-Grossman Lie group method are compared with numerical results using the third-order RKMK algorithms, the exponential coordinates method, and the simple projection method. Results show that the use of the Crouch-Grossman Lie group method better preserves the geometric structure of SO (3) for the larger time steps considered. It is also found that the third-order Crouch-Grossman algorithm is more accurate than the RKMK except for the smallest time step used.


ABSTRACT An ethnobotanical study was conducted on ethnoveterinary medicinal plants used by people living in southwestern Ethiopia. Semi-structured interviews and observations were employed to collect data on medicinal and other uses of plants. Traditional medicine practitioners of the study area reported the use of twenty nine medicinal plant species of veterinary importance to treat 16 livestock ailments. The majority of these species were collected from the wild and used fresh for ethnoveterinary remedies. Most of the medicinal species were sought for their leaves (59%), followed by roots (16%) and twigs (12%). Deforestation and recurrent drought were the most cited threats to the medicinal plants of the area. The local traditional medicine practitioners engage in little or no conservation, causing concern over the sustainable use of these resources. Moreover, the system to transfer indigenous knowledge from generation to generation is slow and restricted. Hence, indigenous knowledge is being eroded and there is a need to document the information before it is lost. The phytochemical and biological properties claimed for these medicinal plant resources need further investigation.


Julia Kristeva describes three patterns of psychic identification: identification with the father and the symbolic, identification with the mother and the semiotic, and a refusal of either identification which results in a precarious balance in between. It is in the latter manner that a writer can access the paternal symbolic, or language, while nevertheless recalling and introducing the maternal semiotic into his or her writing. According to Kristeva, it is in this prevarication that a writer can revolutionize language. Against readings that take up other "French feminists" such as Irigaray to interpret Virginia Woolf's work, this article explores Kristeva's theory through a reading of The Waves. It argues that the characters in Woolf's book adhere to Kristeva's discussion of the gendering of relations to language, and, in particular, each of the three female characters can be understood as following one of the patterns of psychic identification as Kristeva describes them.


Climate models could be vastly underestimating methane emissions from the world's tropical wetlands, according to observational surveys of wetlands in Zambia.


[Extract] THE native forests of Papua New Guinea (PNG) are among the most biologically diverse on Earth, with a high proportion of endemic species (e.g., Diamond 1973; Flannery 1995). They also constitute a major stock of terrestrial carbon (Melick 2010). These forests are being altered at a rapid rate, particularly by industrial logging and by the expansion and intensification of swidden farming as a result of substantial population growth (Shearman et al. 2009, 2011).


Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the past decade.


Objective: To identify the effects of pet therapy and improvement of social development in ASD Level 2 children.Design: Quantitative; Quasi-experimental; DescriptiveSetting: Western, rural Kansas Pediatric CenterParticipants: Children ages 5-10 years old diagnosed with ASD Level 2, Nurses, Parents of the children, Occupational therapistsMethods: Children with Level 2 Autism will be separated in two groups: one group will receive pet therapy and one group will not receive pet therapy. The children will be brought into the Pediatric Center every two weeks to be assessed and the parents will complete the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results/Conclusion: pending results and data collection


1. There appear to be at least two peripheral regulators affecting normal physiological adrenal function during repeated stimulation with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH).


Secondary air pollutants are those that are formed through chemical reactions between primary pollutants and other substances in the atmosphere. Diurnal variations in secondary air pollutants can occur due to changes in sunlight, temperature, and the presence of other chemicals in the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is created when sunlight interacts with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. This study focused on secondary air pollution levels during movement restriction orders (MCOs)using hourly average ozone data acquired from the Department of Environment Malaysia in 2020 and 2021 in Batu Pahat station. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, time series analysis, and diurnal plot. The diurnal pattern of ozone concentrations showed a consistent trend in the location, with the highest levels observed from noon to evening and the lowest levels at night. Additionally, the study found that ozone levels were highest during the movement control order (MCOs) compared to the conditional movement control order (CMCO) and restricted movement control order (RMCO) with mean values of 18.1 ppb, 14.5 ppb and 17.4 ppb, respectively due to increased sunlight during the summer months. The study findings can be used to identify and study the best conditions to decrease ozone air pollution.


This study analyzes the sustainability of the circular economy model on winter road maintenance. Winter road maintenance involves plowing snow, spreading abrasives, and then sweeping and collecting the remaining abrasives at the end of the winter season. Traditionally, in the linear approach, the collected sweepings are landfilled, which incurs landfilling costs for resources that could be reused. To address this issue, we consider the option of recycling sweepings for use in the following winter seasons. We develop a discrete-event simulation model that estimates the economic and environmental benefits of this option. Using data from a case study of a highway in Quebec, Canada, the model shows that introducing circular economy practices in winter road maintenance results in less material going to landfills, lower costs, less use of aggregates from virgin materials, and lower CO2 emissions compared to the linear approach. A subsequent sensitivity analysis reveals that the quantity of sweepings collected greatly influences the outcomes.


The research results and their application results of opened recirculation cooling water system on-line cleaning which for central air-conditioner system were introduced.Based on the experiments a appropriative compound cleaner HS-906 for the cleaning of opened recirculation cooling water system of central air-conditioner system was developed.The cleaning conditions were also stipulated according to the operation characteristics of central air-conditioner system.The application results show that the cleaner and its cleaning technology had obvious cheaning effects and little corrosion to the copper pipes, cistern and stuffing etc of central air-conditioner system.


Xiahuangzhuyuan gold deposit is an important component in the Laowan gold ore belt.Based on the study on the geochemical parameters of rare elements in different formations and main rocks,space distribution and concentration zoning of anomaly elements,anomaly zoning sequences and ratios of elements,it is indicated that metallogenic elements and their content variations are closely related to stratigraphic sequences and rock types.Two-mica quartz schist of Guishan formation is the direct host country rocks,and it makes up source bed with plagioclase amphibole schist.According to zoning of anomaly element components,vertical zoning sequences and ratios of elements on different elevations,geochemical evaluation indicators are established,and can provide geochemical basis for ore prospecting in the deep and the periphery of the deposit.


The unicellular microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibits the ability to accumulate triacylglycerols to a high specific content when nutrients are limited in the culture medium. Therefore, the organism is a promising candidate for biodiesel production. Mathematical modeling can substantially contribute to process development and optimization of algae cultivation on different levels. In our work we describe a linear programming approach to model and simulate the growth and storage molecule accumulation of P. tricornutum . The model is based on mass and energy balances and shows that the organism realizes the inherent drive for maximization of energy to biomass conversion and growth. The model predicts that under nutrient limiting conditions both storage carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized simultaneously but at different rates. The model was validated with data gained from batch growth experiments.


According to the development and application situations of hot recycling techniques of asphalt pavement at home and abroad the significance of the application of hot recycling of pavement is presented,at the same time related technical method,characteristics and application situations are introduced.In view of the key technique-site hot recycling technique detailed analysis and study are made.Practice show hot recycling technique can realize rapid and mechanized repairing of pavement,which has wide application prospect.


Operator based composition of structured multimedia presentations.- SECCO - support environment for electronic commerce.- A bridge for heterogeneous communication between CORBA and DCE.- Distributed connection management for real-time multimedia services.- Evaluation of different video encryption methods for a secure multimedia conferencing gateway.- The FreeBSD audio driver.- Cell discarding mechanisms with minimum flow quality.- Implementing the digital storage media - command and control (DSM-CC) standard in the framework of an on-line service.- Resource selection in heterogeneous communication environments using the teleservice descriptor.- AMnet: Active multicasting network.- Impact of virtual group structure on multicast performance.


In order to explore the creation process of optically induced excess conductivity in compensated a‐Si:H films, we investigated the effect of monochromatic light exposure with different photon energies: 2.54, 1.96, 1.17, and 0.95 eV. The experimental results show that the threshold energy is below 0.95 eV. We suggest that the most likely explanation is the introduction of localized states originating from boron‐phosphorus complexes.


The one-photon fluorescence excitation and two-photon resonant multiphoton ionization spectra of the S1←S0 transition of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) in a supersonic free jet have been obtained and analyzed. It was found from the vibrational analysis that the S1←S0 transition is one-photon forbidden, two-photon allowed and the one-photon absorption appears by the vibronic interaction between the S1 and S2 states through the e′ vibrations. In addition, from the fluorescence spectrum and the polarization studies of the two-photon spectrum using the two linearly polarized laser beams of different wavelengths, it was concluded that the S1 state is 1A1′. The sequence structure involving the low-frequency cage torsional vibration has been observed in the two-photon resonant multiphoton ionization spectra of DABCO and 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (ABCO). The potential functions with respect to the torsional motion for both ground and excited states have been determined by utilizing the observed vibrational...


This thesis examines the communication strategies used by both hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) children when interacting with a peer with hearing loss, focusing on the acoustic-phonetic and linguistic properties of their speech. To elicit frequent repetitions of segmental contrasts in HI children's spontaneous speech in interaction, a new task was developed using minimal pair keywords in a communicative game context. In addition, another referential communication task, the 'spot the difference' Diapix task (Van Engen et al., 2010), was used. Eighteen NH and eighteen HI children between 9 and 15 years of age performed the two tasks in pairs, once with a friend with normal hearing (NH-directed speech) and once with a friend with a hearing-impairment (HI-directed speech). Task difficulty increased in interactions involving a HI interlocutor, implying a need for speaker- listener adaptations. Participants' global acoustic-phonetic (articulation rate, F0 median and range, speech intensity and pausing), segmental (/p/-/b/, /s/- /ʃ/, and /i/-/ɪ/) and linguistic (phrase length, lexical frequency, lexical diversity and speech overlap) adaptations to a HI interlocutor were explored. Although HI speakers were found to differ from NH speakers in many aspects of their speech and language, the two groups used similar, mostly global and linguistic, strategies to adapt to the needs of their HI friend – and the HI children's ability to adapt did not seem to be related to their own speech level. Only a subset of speakers was found to increase the discriminability of phonetic contrasts in speech, perhaps partly due to speakers using segmental and linguistic strategies as alternative methods in adaptation. Both NH and HI speakers appeared to adjust the extent of adaptations made to the specific needs of their HI interlocutor, therefore implying surprising sensitivity to listener needs. Implications to models of speech communication are discussed.


The use of information and communication technologies enabled the use of collaboration in accessing the knowledge contents at higher education institutions with a higher quality and in a more elegant way. This paper illustrates existing solutions in computer-supported collaboration approach in all the aspects of communication and collaboration which are supported by the electronic communication. The goal is to test the functionality of information and communication technologies of the internet services domain when they are used to collaborate, and to compare results obtained by standard (classic) techniques of collaboration with the new techniques which include the internet usage.


The halal industry has emerged as a new sector in the world economy, establishing a strong presence in various developed countries. This paper aims to study the growth of halal cosmetic industry and to outline the current trends of halal cosmetic industry in Malaysia. Consumers still have misperception of halal and a little knowledge about it that led to misunderstand of halal products. The data specified that halal cosmetic market is rapidly on the rise in its market value aligned with the rising of Muslim population. In recent years, the halal industry has expanded beyond food and continues to unlock the economic potential of halal cosmetic. Halal certified cosmetic and personal care products has led to a significant impact of global economy.


e18106Background: Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumors (carcinosarcomas) and serous variants are rare but aggressive endometrial cancers which constitute less than 5 percent of uterine tumors. Our aim ...


Background: Hypertension has the characteristic that the risk of complications can be reduced through appropriate medication in daily life. Hence, it is important to consider practical measures to increase medication adherence, particularly among older patients. Methods: This study used the Korea Health Panel 2020 data (Version 2.0.1), jointly conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance. A total of 2300 patients with high blood pressure over 65 years of age were selected. In order to identify types of medication adherence in older hypertensive patients, and examine factors that influence the types, the Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) and logistic regression were performed. Results: The types of adherence groups were classified into two groups: an 'adherence group' (87.1%) and a 'non-adherence group' (12.9%). Furthermore, age, living alone, and depressive symptoms were identified as determinants of medication adherence type among older hypertensive patients. Conclusion: The significant impact of sociodemographic status (age, living alone, and depressive symptoms) on medication adherence among older hypertensive patients indicates the need to establish more specific empirical interventions based on each type's characteristics. It is expected that this study will provide an in-depth understanding of factors associated with medication adherence among older patients with hypertension, which can support interventions tailored to the specific needs of those who are non-adherent.


In this paper,based on the point of view of pure economic objectives,analysis and projections Yuncheng farmland optimal scale of operation,turnover volume,turnover rate.In some hypothetical conditions additional arable land negotiable current circulation much larger amount than its turnover rate in some cases even up to 95.19%,through the transfer of farmland theoretical and empirical analysis,this article reveals the Yuncheng farmland circulation slowly fundamental obstacle is that: First,mutilated,incomplete arable land property rights system;land transfer performance high concentration of land operations did not generate the returns to scale,can not bring significant change of income for farmers,farmers can not make real spun off from the land protection function,but also a variety of uncertainties that exist in the land transfer also hinder the process of the transfer of agricultural land to increase the risk of agricultural operations,engaged in agricultural production,income with unequal risk,namely the lower yielding,higher risk;Third,agriculture-related service organizations function is not perfect;Fourth,the real from the protection of arable land and families vulnerable members of the employment it hard for farmers in the short term.


The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica is a major vector for the transmission of deadly diseases from one place to another. It plays a primary role in some diseases and community spread against human and animal origin. As the eradication and control measures are challenging through chemical or synthetic insecticides. The repeated exposure to insecticides developed resistance and undesired effects. A study to find the novel insecticides from natural plant-based origin were developed from Lavandula angustifolia , Citrus limon , Mentha piperita , Azadirachta indica and AgNPs against M. domestica at five different concentrations of each extract. The obtained results revealed good mortality from Citrus limon extract through dipping and feeding techniques with LC 50 values were 296.145 ppm (contact bioassay) and 380.187 ppm (feeding bioassay) after 24 h post-treatment. The plant-based nanoparticles developed from A. indica revealed good activity at a minimal concentration to reach its lethal effects and that LC 50 67.056 ppm (contact bioassay) 110.279 ppm (feeding bioassay. Thus, the developed nano-insecticides are considered effective insecticidal against M. domestica and could save the world from the vector-transmitted disease in the present environment.


We illustrate the need and the advantages of a multi-dimensional exploration of the structure of the nucleon, and in general of hadrons. We introduce new appropriate tools like the Transverse Momentum Distributions (TMDs), which enable us to explore in momentum space the dynamics of partons beyond the usual collinear approximation adopted in the QCD analysis of hard processes. We briefly touch upon the possible breaking of universality for a specific category of TMDs; as an example, we describe the Sivers effect as a fundamental test of our understanding of the color force in QCD. We introduce also the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), which give us a multidimensional picture of partons inside hadrons in configuration space. We emphasize the nontrivial relation between TMDs and GPDs, which are not one the Fourier transformed of the other. We describe the possibility of using these tools to address the (orbital) angular momentum of partons, and we highlight the latest results on the long standing pr...


This study examines the relationship between off-the-ball tactical knowledge and off-the-ball tactical performance of college-age female participants' (n = 34) with varying levels of expertise in territorial games. Tactical knowledge was measured using the Tactical Knowledge Instrument (TKI), which assessed participant responses when solving a "maintaining possession" tactical problem on a game board. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) measured participants' tactical performance while they played a directional keep-away game in the gymnasium. Analysis of variance tests revealed a significant difference between the tactical knowledge scores between Expert and Novice participants F(2,31) = 6.09, p = .0059. As the expertise level moved from Novice to Expert mean scores increased. Correlated t-tests were completed to investigate scoring differences among specific components of the GPAI. Tests revealed significant differences (p < .001) with the decision-making; synchronized movement with teammates (DMB) and adjust; eluding a teammate prior to cutting to space (AB) component scores when compared to all other GPAI component scores. The DMB and AB mean scores were significantly lower than other component scores for all expertise levels. Off-the-ball knowledge and off-the-ball performance scores were not correlated among expertise groups. Expertise also did not prove to be an accurate indicator of participants' level of tactical knowledge (other than between Expert and Novice) or tactical performance. These results may have implications concerning the over emphasis of skill versus tactical-based teaching and coaching, and may help select the instructional methods best suited for territorial games. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As I complete this Ph.D. journey I want my family, friends, and colleagues (especially those in the Health and Physical Education Department at Rhode Island College) to know how much I appreciate and value your continued support and encouragement. I would like to give special recognition to Mr. Paul Janaway and Dr. Bennett Lombardo for their preliminary suggestions toward modifying the study instruments and the endless hours of viewing, reviewing, and then scoring participant videotapes for both the validation and dissertation studies. I am most grateful to my committee members who have committed much time and energy into guiding me through this process and ensuring I produce a meaningful end product. Karen Castagno you always found the answers to the endless logistical questions. I never felt alone as you were always quick to reassure me or relieve my anxieties. You handled the details so I could concentrate on the research. I trusted you completely to make sure the process was done correctly. Your attention to detail especially during the data collection and editing phases was extraordinary. You listened, suggested alternatives, but ultimately let this be my work. Ben Lombardo – you were always willing to put down your work to listen to me think out loud about the teaching of games I love talking sports with you!!! You were always positive, open to new views and helped me to develop my constructivist ideas through teaching games for understanding. I respect your views and suggestions and value you as a friend. Lou Heifetz – thank you for your patience with my timetables and endless statistical questions for both my validation study and dissertation. Your in depth review of my drafts provided invaluable feedback. I feel fortunate to have had you on my team since the very beginning of the program; you gave me a solid foundation, which made me confident in the design and statistical analysis of my study. David Byrd – your comments and suggestions on my initial literature review in Core II provided a starting point for my research. You helped me to pinpoint and redefine what I wanted to study and the questions you posed made me think about the big picture and where this research fit into school reform. In addition, I want to recognize those who have shown unwavering loyalty and patience; especially through the last five years. Andy when all is said and done you are always there to keep everything real and in perspective. Throughout this process you gave me the time and space to work, however, I always knew and felt that you appreciated the importance of this accomplishment. I always knew you were in my corner and I love you for that. Mom & Dad – where it all started!!! Dad for introducing me to the world of sport; your unconditional support whether I was playing, coaching, recruiting, or we were just watching sports together you planted the seed. Then Mom you nurtured my growth; you always let me know that I could do whatever I put my mind to and you modeled for me the qualities of a successful, strong woman.


Objective To investigate the hypoxia and apoptosis in oral cancer xenograft model.Methods The nude mice xenograft model of oral cancer was established.Eighty oral cancer xenografts were divided into four groups according to a mean tumor diameter,2mm,5mm,10mm and 15mm groups.2mm group served as control.Pimonidazole staining and TUNEL staining methods were used to detect the level of hypoxia and cell apoptosis during the tumor growth period.Results In the 5mm,10mm and 15mm groups,the degree of hypoxia increased with the increase of the tumour size compared with control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,the apoptosis index increased in the 10mm and 15mm groups,but decreased in the 5mm group(P0.05).Conclusion There was a relationship between hypoxia and apoptosis in oral cancer.Apoptosis may hopefully become therapeutic targets in oral cancer.


Accurately mapping air temperature near the Earth surface plays a primary role in weather and climate studies and for solar energy planning and production. Remote sensing allows spatially distributed estimates of air temperature to be computed, thus complementing the spatially sparse observations collected by ground stations. In this paper, a novel method for periodic (e.g., daily or monthly) air-temperature estimation from satellite images is proposed. It is based on support vector machines (SVMs) and generalizes, to the case of air temperature, a recently developed SVM-based approach to land and sea surface temperature estimation. Case-specific techniques aimed at computing periodic statistics of air temperature and based on the expectation-maximization algorithm are also integrated in the proposed approach. The method also allows the statistics of the estimation error to be modeled on a pixelwise basis by combining nonstationary stochastic processes and Clark's variance approximation. Experimental results with MSG-SEVIRI and MétéoFrance data acquired over Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France) are presented.


This article describes the development and implementation of a community-based social service program for the elderly. The problems encountered as a new professional unit within the municipality are analyzed and the role of the social worker in resolving those problems is described. The local community is the primary focus of change and strategies of intervention include reaching out and involving members from all levels of the community in the social service program, from members of the client group to individuals with political influence in the governmental system. Planning considerations for social work practice are posed including the relationship of the private, nonprofit sector to the public sector, the demands for service and difficulties establishing program stability.


Significance
 Viruses, however, survive better in the environment during winter and respiratory viruses transmit more readily during a colder, drier season. While some countries experienced the peak of the pandemic around April, others are now accelerating, irrespective of weather. This points to public health measures remaining central to management of COVID-19, especially in the complex interplay with other winter pathogens.

 Impacts
 Coming months will reveal more data on immune status of affected individuals and likelihood of reinfection.
 Initial data from advanced vaccine clinical trials will become available towards November-December.
 The political stance on public health will remain the biggest driver of reform in global management of this and future epidemics.


The article is focused on the problems of relations between landscape and architecture for the aim to discover additional resources, existed in the architectural objects spatial interpretation with additional ecological sense. Heuristic method, supported by systematical analysis of international experience, is used for some proposals on the ways of landscape and architecture integration offering. Main conclusions are devoted to the means of architectural objects ecological transformation.


This paper investigates personal use of internet bank in Huizhou City,then analyzes the datum and concludes that the bottleneck of internet bank is that customers'rights and interests are not effectively protected,mainly in security,the right to information,fair dealing on the right questions and privacy.Recommendations are brought forward as following: improving relevant laws by the byelaw,raising customers' awareness of Internet bank,maintaining system security,ensuring customer's right to know,perfecting format contract of Internet bank,establishing practices or regulations to protects customer's privacy.Therefore,this paper looks forward to providing reference theoretically for Huizhou commercial banks developing the internet bank.


In this paper, the impact of parameters on bifurcation and birhythmicity is studied theoretically and numerically in a fractional-order birhythmic Van der Pol oscillator coupled with delayed feedback and noise. By implementing the multiple-scale expansion approach and stochastic averaging method, deterministic bifurcation and the comprehensive evolution details of stochastic bifurcation are explored respectively. Then, the birhythmicity of the birhythmic oscillator is discussed both under the deterministic and stochastic cases. This investigation may be conducive to understanding the underlying mechanisms which control the biorhythms of the cell cycle in certain biological systems.


This study was intended to investigate the analysis on learning strategy used by high achiever students at international Islamic school in Malang East Java. It focuses on the attempts to reveal: (1) the factors contribute to the choice of learning strategies used by high achiever students, and (2) the practical of teaching-learning strategies implemented by the teacher that matches with the high achiever students' learning strategy. This is qualitative research which focuses on case study research. The data from 19 students and 7 high achiever students in first year senior high school which are choose based on the observation, documentation and the criteria of high achiever students, the data were collected using 25 item questionnaire of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and Interview for the English teacher. Based on the result, the intelligence and teacher influence became the unique factors that influence learning strategy used by high achiever students. In addition, for the practical teaching from the teacher to match students learning strategies were giving additional hours for them and applying level grading to the students. In conclusion, the study was quite unique, because it found the gaps between teacher and students in matching learning strategies in learning English.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of using Ganmai Dazao Decoction combined with Fluoxetine on post stroke depression.Methods:60 cases of post-stroke depression were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in control group were treated with Fluoxetine,30 cases in treatment group were treated with Ganmai Dazao Decoction based on control group.Using the Hamilton Depression(HAMD) Rating Scale and Improvemented Edinburgh-Scandinavia(MESSS) score sheet to rate the two groups before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment respectively.Results:The total effective rate compared two groups,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),the two groups before and after treatment of 8 weeks between the two groups after 8 weeks treatment HAMD score and MESSS score comparison,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of using Ganmai Dazao Decoction combined with Fluoxetine is superior to Fluoxetine and the compliance of patient is good,worth in the clinical application.


Design of Experiments (DOE) is useful tool for formulation optimization. In present study, Design Expert® software (version 13) was used for optimization of Poly(dl‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (50:50) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Capecitabine, an approved anticancer drug with short half‐life, was used as model drug. Capecitabine NPs can minimize dosing frequency and improve patient compliance. Effect of two numeric (drug and polymer amount) and one categoric factor (pH of W2 phase) was studied on NP Size and Entrapment Efficiency (EE). Drug amount and pH significantly influenced EE. Polymer amount significantly influenced NP size.


For the building fire alarm control networking of modern architecture has become increasingly demanding.ZigBee sensor network technology was used to build ZigBee protocol-based wireless monitoring network because of its many characteristics such as convenient networking,strong scalability,good fault tolerance,low power dissipation and low cost.And the wireless sensor network nodes was designed with MSP430F149 microcontroller and the core of CC2430 single chip wireless transceiver to relise the data collection and remote data forwarding.It is proved that the system is stable,reliable,real-time,and accurate by the actual network performance test.So the design is feasible.


Faced with growing knowledge management needs, enterprises are increasingly realizing the importance of seamlessly integrating critical business information distributed across both structured and unstructured data sources. In existing information integration solutions, the application needs to formulate the SQL logic to retrieve the needed structured data on one hand, and identify a set of keywords to retrieve the related unstructured data on the other. This paper proposes a novel approach wherein the application specifies its information needs using only a SQL query on the structured data, and this query is automatically ``translated'' into a set of keywords that can be used to retrieve relevant unstructured data. We describe the techniques used for obtaining these keywords from (i) the query result, and (ii) additional related information in the underlying database. We further show that these techniques achieve high accuracy with very reasonable overheads.


Abstract. The biological activity of a polypeptide strongly depends on its 3D structure. Ab initio prediction of the native structure from the sequence of amino acids has long motivated the development of an optimum energy model such that interactions present in the native conformation are stronger than those present in nonnative conformations and of algorithms capable of finding the basin of lowest free energy among an astronomically large number of possible conformations. Despite recent progress in our understanding of the factors responsible for both polypeptide stability and formation, computer simulations of polypeptide models are still far from being practical software tools for biologists. In this work, state-of-the-art computer simulations aimed at ab initio structure prediction in aqueous solution are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are highlighted.


To facilitate the efficient execution of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on cloud servers, this paper proposes Yin Yang (YY), an input-driven synergistic deep learning system, which dynamically distributes CNN computation between a complex (Yang) and a simple (Yin) CNN. YY runs most of the inferences on Yin, while Yang is invoked only when Yin has low confidence. On average, compared to the traditional CNN as a service approach, YY improves datacenter throughput by 1.8× and reduces inference latency by 31% on an NVIDIA TITAN X GPU without any accuracy loss across 21 CNNs.


The vertical force and horizontal force that occur in earthquake are considered according to the Bishop method.A destruction model of slope is established,and whether the absence of the steps will influence the seismic performance of the slope is analyzed,and the step width influence the seismic performance of the slope is also analyzed.The numerical results given by a calculation program developed by the authors indicates that it will correspond to a critical width of step when the slope comes from the unstable state to the critical state under the load of earthquake,which provides significant reference for the design of slope.


Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of luminal B subtype breast cancer patients with bone metastases.

Methods
The data of one hundred and twenty-eight cases of luminal B subtype breast cancer with bone metastases were collected from January 2004 to January 2012, 75 of whom were HER-2 negative and 53 were HER-2 positive. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in the confirmed age of bone metastases, the size of the primary tumor, the number of axillary lymph node metastases, and the time of postoperative bone metastasis between the two groups (χ2=4.477, 6.927, 12.209, 11.222, P=0.034, 0.023, 0.002, 0.004). The median survival time and 5-year survival rate of luminal B HER-2 negative type breast cancer patients after bone metastases were 29.8 months and 22.7%, and 27.1 months and 20.7% respectively for luminal B HER-2 positive type breast cancer patients. There was no significant difference in survival time after bone metastasis between the two groups (χ2=0.398, P=0.528).

Conclusion
Luminal B HER-2 positive type is more common than luminal B HER-2 negative breast cancer patients with bone metastasis in older age, larger diameter of primary tumor, more axillary lymph node metastasis, and earlier bone metastasis after surgery. There is no significant difference in the prognosis of two type patients.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Molecular typing; Progonosis; Bone metastases; Clinical characteristic


The Weekly Training was an exploration and the innovation about "the Localization of Clinical Legal Education "by clinical law faculties at Guangxi University.It is a new teaching method by the production of integrating the traditional legal education method and the "Clinical Legal Education" model in the United States.Practice shows that the weekly training play a very important role in improving the student's writing skill and independent thinking and the interaction between teachers and students.


Artefacts in the form of Jewellery reflect the essence of the lifestyle of the people who create and wear them, both in the historic past and in the living present. They act as the connecting link between our ancestors, our traditions, and our history. Jewellery is used--both in the past and the present-- to express the social status of the wearer, to mark tribal identity, and to serve as amulets for protection from harm. This paper portrays the ethnic ornaments of Kerala with insights gained from examples of Jewellery conserved in the Hill Palace Museum and Kerala Folklore Museum, in Cochin, Kerala. Included are Thurai Balibandham, Gaurisankara Mala, Veera Srunkhala, Oddyanam, Bead necklaces, Nagapadathali and Temple Jewellery. Whenever possible, traditional Jewellery is compared with modern examples to illustrate how--though streamlined, traditional designs are still a living element in the Jewellery of Kerala today.


What are the responsibilitie s of citizenship? How does education generate and mitigate problems of violent ideological and economic division? What role did and does education play in contributing to the events of 11 September and their aftermath? How might educational technologies help people understand and respond to these events? These are among the questions raised by contributors to this issue of ECi, adding a new speciŽ city and urgency to the journal's focus [1] since the inaugural issue, as the year 2001 draws to a close. Together with cross-cutting themes such as learning, culture and citizenship, that create a constant backdrop to the contents of this third issue, these new questions strengthen the mission of ECi to promote a dialogue that might enable readers and contributors to 'gain perspective, imagine emerging possibilities , recognize dangers and unintended effects, and develop sophisticated understanding of the complex interactions between technology and learning'. In this month's ECi Forum 'Seeking to build a human citizenship in a global society', for instance, Juana Sancho Gil puts herself on the line as she articulates some of the questions and problems preoccupying her concerning the role of European educators in addressing the issue of a civil society. She argues: