Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also "engineer" optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.


Thromboelastography (TEG) is a method of monitoring global homeostatic function as a dynamic process, involving the interaction between the protein coagulation cascade and platelets, as opposed to the isolated end points measured by conventional coagulation screens. The purpose of this study is to determine whether TEG variables can be used in the second trimester to predict the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR defined as birth weight below the 5th centile for gestational age).


Hepatozoon canis gametocytes were identified in the circulating neutrophils of six dogs from different parts of southern Israel. Clinical signs included fever, anaemia, anorexia, weakness of the hind legs and numerous brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on the skin surface. Parasitaemia varied from 6 per cent to 43 per cent of the circulating neutrophils. Two of these six cases also showed Ehrlichia morulae in the cytoplasm of leucocytes. Drug therapy with tetracycline hydrochloride 22 mg/kg, three times daily, and imidocarb dipropionate, 6 mg/kg, by subcutaneous injection, repeated after 14 days, was accompanied by clinical improvement and the depression of gametocyte parasitaemia.


The nonlinear bang-bang impact control (NBBIC) had been proposed for robots performing tasks having frequent contact with different environments because it takes advantage of the frictions in robot joints that are not helpful for constrained space control usually, does not need to change gains throughout tasks, and requires little information on robot dynamics. Despite these advantages, due to the lack of stability proof, it was not widely adopted. Recently, the stability of the NBBIC for one degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot has been proved almost two decades after its first proposal. The stability condition provided a theoretical stable region of the inertia estimate and was not dependent on environment dynamics, indicating the robustness of NBBIC to environment dynamics (e.g. stiffness). Thus, there is a strong need to verify the stability condition and the robustness of NBBIC to environment dynamics. Experiments of single DOF robots colliding with various environments showed that the stability condition predicted the stable range of the iner- tia estimate well, though there was a reduction in upper-bound because of sensor noise. The impact force response did not vary significantly for environments with different stiffness (silicon, aluminium, and steel wall), thereby confirming the robustness of the NBBIC to environment dynamics.


This work concerns surjective maps $\varphi\colon R\to S$ of commutative noetherian local rings with kernel generated by a regular sequence that is part of a minimal generating set for the maximal ideal of $R$. The main result provides criteria for detecting such exceptional complete intersection maps in terms of the lattices of thick subcategories of the derived category of complexes of finite length homology. A key input is a characterization of such maps in terms of the truncated Atiyah class of $\varphi$.


Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.


Trifluoroiodomethane is a promising alternative to SF6 because of its good insulation properties and much less serious greenhouse effect than SF6. Previous studies have shown that the insulation performance of CF3I mixed with CO2 or N2 can equal that of SF6. This study explored the frequency breakdown characteristics of CF3I and SF6 mixed with two buffer gases. The effects of air pressure and field strength were analyzed. The fixed mixing ratio of CF3I and SF6 was 30% in the experiment. The breakdown experiment was conducted by changing the mixing ratio of CO2 and N2. Results showed that the CO2/N2 mixture ratio did not exert a synergetic effect, and the CF3I/CO2 breakdown performance was better than that of CF3I/N2 in the quasi-uniform and highly non-uniform electric fields. CO2 possibly provided the C atoms for the entire system to maintain a certain balance in C, and this balance inhibited the decomposition of CF3I. The breakdown performance of SF6/N2 was good in quasi-uniform field, whereas that of SF...


Abstract The rate of climb of prismatic dislocation loops in thin foils of quenched aluminium-zinc and aluminium-silicon alloys was measured by quantitative transmission electron microscopy and compared with similar measurements made on pure aluminium. The addition of 0.35% silicon or 1.5% zinc to aluminium approximately doubled the climb rate; the significance of these differences was established by statistical analysis. It is concluded that the faster climb rates are caused by solute-enhanced diffusion. This conclusion is consistent with previous diffusion measurements in aluminium-zinc alloys. Combination of the results with N.M.R. data shows that the diffusion enhancement factor decreases as the temperature increases as expected from theoretical considerations. The activation energy for climb appears to be slightly lower in the alloys than in the pure solvent but these differences are only marginal and it is shown that this is consistent with theory. The observations are interpreted in terms of availa...


Because of the policies(Maybe the policies were carried out imperfectly or there was no policy at all),enterprise's understandings and college's own restraint,it is too hard to carry out the cooperation between production and teaching in higher vocational education now.As a result,only to set up interactive and mutually beneficial mechanism in both sides,organizational and controlling mechanism,can we keep the sustainability of production and teaching cooperation.


Given e > 0, we show that there are infinitely many sequences of consecutive en-smooth polynomials over a finite field. The number of polynomials in each sequence is approximately In In In n.


(57) problem addressed by the Abstract: The present invention is to provide a processing material removal cutting method for machining a crankshaft and the like of the workpiece, simultaneously machined using a plurality of tool unit allowing shorter machining time per one crankshaft by. The method also provides the optimal tool life, and a suitable size accuracy of the workpiece. The processing material removes cutting method comprises milling a plurality of surface shape workpieces are not similar, and / or at different rotational positions relative to the central axis, are machined simultaneously. Further, each surface is machined in a separate milling cutter, each of the milling cutter can move only at right angles movement path relative to the workpiece. Direction of the rotational position, speed and rotation of the workpiece is regulated by the instantaneous lateral movement and speed of all milling cutter, the transverse movement and velocity of each cutter, the other on the basis of the movement of the workpiece It is independently controlled separately from the cutter.


The goal of supply chain management is to provide products with best quality, low costs and shortest delay of delivery corresponding to customers' expectations. To ensure that, companies must be in continuous research for management methodologies which allows them the possibility to improve their financial results by decreasing costs and improving their process and thus customers satisfaction. Before searching for a metaheuristic function of the optimal solutions, this paper is presenting a basic research, conducted in aeronautic company to find out the better solution for raw material inventory management. These raw materials are obtained from the supply of imports and some local purchases. The aims of study are to present a comparison of inventory deterministic models, the economic order quantity, the Interval order quantity and the minimum maximum inventory. The first step is to collect data's containing 3896-part number with various suppliers, lead time, costs, consumption, holding cost and set up cost, the second step is calculating the order quantity with deterministic models and analyzing the results to choose the better solution. The third step is doing the ABC classification and comparing the amount of average stock between the three methods. The results show that the optimal deterministic solution is a combination of two of them.


Based on the multi-unit auction theory,three particular models are proposed for different auction methods,include Discriminatory Auction(DA),Uniform-Price Auction(UPA),and Simultaneous Ascending Auction(SAA),the feasibility before and after the adjustment of the models is discussed,the bid policy is deduced for license bidder after the adjustment,the impact on the lowest transaction price and the factors are studied.It is found that the lowest transaction price is not significant difference before and after the rules adjustment,that is the impaction on price of the auction rules adjustment,and it is also showed that the lowest transaction price is not related significantly to the number of license and bidders.


(Non-Tuberculous). Hall^ and Motz have examined histologically 100 bladders from patients who have died of chronic inflammatory affections of the urinary organs, non-tuberculous in nature. The results of this exhaustive investigation are described in detail, and copiously illustrated in the monograph before us. The cases fall into three groups :?(1) pure chronic cystitis without obstruction to the flow of urine; (2) chronic cystitis associated with stricture of the urethra; and (3) chronic cystitis associated with hypertrophy of the prostate. 1. The first group contains twelve specimens, and in all it is found that the bladder is small and retracted, its walls thickened and indurated, and more or less undilatable. In the more advanced cases all


In order to contribute to the prevention of the potentially serious consequences of chronic exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), the current status of occupational exposure to these metals among a group of workers of a Public Hospital of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago is described. Biochemical parameters related to the exposure to Pb and Cd were measured at the time of problem detection and two years after the implementation of preventive measures. The present is a study involving a unique historic cohort, using secondary information. Initial findings were average blood levels of lead and ZPP and cadmium in urine within the normal range; after the preventive intervention a significant variation in these parameters was observed, thus indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Functional testings of the organs potentially affected by the exposure did not show alterations or significant variations between pre and postpreventive intervention analysis. The present work demonstrates that that lead and cadmium intoxications are a current problem within the Chilean healthcare occupational environment and that preventive measures implemented to protect workers are effective, especially if the problem is detected early, before chronic intoxication-derived consequences are observed.


The Hungarian banking system developed from the first third of the nineteenth century along the continental path, leading to the predominance of universal banks, the department stores of finance. This system of a large number of small banks with numerous branches, a sizable part of them at county and town levels, was controlled by a handful of big banks that were tightly intertwined with large foreign banks. This situation created many well-trained and broadly-skilled bank officers because, especially in the provincial banks and in branches with a limited staff, the bank employees had to be "jacks of all trades," mastering all banking and stock exchange operations. Due to the fact that the Association of Banking Employees, a trade-union-like organization, had a strong left-wing audience which had considerable influence among bankers, the higher echelons of banking staffs consisted largely of pro-Allies liberals who had not been associated with Nazism. Thus, to a considerable extent, the new regime was able to draw its banking cadres from professionally well-trained, and politically loyal or neutral people. From 1949 on, even after the filling of the controlling posts with cadres of the labor movement, the lion's share of the former banking staff remained in lower posts as deputies of the new upper-level managerial staff, or in influential advisory jobs. Thus, the correctness and the professionality of banking operations, accounting, calculation, compilation of balance sheets, correspondence, both domestic and foreign, has been maintained at very high standards. Nevertheless, by having eliminated former top-level managers to a large extent, there was and is a scarcity of bankers who are specialists in allocating loans so as to optimize the safety and profitability of a portfolio. This lack was not obvious until the present decentralization because, even after the reform of the economic mechanism in 1968, the autonomy of the banks continued to be severely curtailed. There is a justified hope that Hungary can fill this gap since, from 1951 on, there has been university training for banking, and


Susan A. Papp, Aparajita Gogoi, and Catherine Campbell present a case study of efforts to improve service accountability in Odisha, India, focusing on the role of local women, intermediary groups, health providers and elected politicians.


In this study, we analyze the observations of the ionosondes at Wuhan (30.4°N, 114.4°E, 82.4% obscuration), Xiamen (24.2°N, 118.07°E, 97.8% obscuration), and Nanning (22.7°N, 109.25°E, 81.1% obscuration), as well as the total electron content (TEC) from the global ionosphere maps (GIMs) to examine the ionospheric behaviors in the F‐region on 21 June 2020 solar eclipse day. The observations show that a TEC enhancement occurred after the major depression near the center path of the solar eclipse, and it lasts to midnight on the solar eclipse day. Notes that the occurrence of the TEC enhancement is accompanied by the prominent TEC depletion in the southern side of the center path in the nighttime. The independent in situ electron density (Ne) observation from the Swarm‐B satellite and the calibrated TEC profile from the radio occultation technique onboard the FORMOSAT‐7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 satellites also observed the long‐lasting enhancement in the F2 region near midnight. The solar eclipse‐induced convergence effects can result in the long‐lasting ionospheric perturbations, which may further cause the spread‐F in the nighttime.


By using the data between 2007 and 2009 as a sample,we analyze whether related party transactions have a significant effect on auditing quality.We use auditing opinion as agent of auditing quality.The results show guarantee,assets transaction,debtreconstruction between listed companies and their related party have signicant effects on non-standard auditing opinion.


This study was conducted to examine contents of total acid and free amino acids in the Demi-glace with added quantity of Omija extracts. Firstly, The level of Total acid content of Demi-glace sauces was and Omija extracts was . The more Omija extracts added, there was the higher total acid contents. Sauces and extracts of 5% Omija was the highest. Secondly, Total free amino acids contents of control was 2518.52mg%, and Omija sauces was . 2% Omija sauces was the highest among them. Hydroxyproline of total 34 free amino acids was the highest, and Glutamic acid 158.42mg%, Proline 78.90mg% was next in order. Arginine was the highest with among 9 essential amino acids contents. Glutamic acid was the highest contents with . Compared to control's(0.41mg%), Omija added group was and it was the highest increase. While other 15 amino acid was analyzed, Hydroxyproline was the highest contents with . Compared to control group(15.63mg%), proline was Omija added group and it was increased with the highest contents. In essential amino acid, flavor enhancing amino acid and other amino acid were increased and the highest contents with 2% added Omija sauce. Thirdly, sensory characteristics of Demi-glace sauces based on overall preference, It was find that 2% added Omija was the best. 2% added was the best for color, flavor, taste, texture, overall acceptability(P


Abstract Mourning dress has been worn for centuries all over the world taking many different forms. In England, between 1860 and 1890, it did not show divergence from the general fashion of its time; the mourning element was expressed by the wearing of black materials, by the draping of garments with crape, and by the wearing of one or two accessories peculiar to mourning dress. As far as men's dress was concerned, most of their normal dress was black, so mourning appeared through the third expression, the wearing of mourning accessories, often of the mourning material, crape.


. In this paper, we study an inertial accelerated iterative algorithm with a self-adaptive stepsize for finding a common solution of an equilibrium problem involving a pseudomonotone bifunction and a fixed point problem of a quasi-nonexpansive mapping with a demiclosedness property in a real Hilbert space. The algorithm is based on the subgradient extragradient method and the inertial method and this algorithm does not require a prior knowledge of the Lipschitz type constants of the pseudomonotone bifunction. We establish a weak convergence theorem of the modified iterative method under some standard assumptions. We also give some numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the new algorithm.


The implementing of "industrial injury insurance regulations" has the important significance to prevent and the worker's lawful rights and interests from industrial injury and occupational sickness.The industrial injury program in the "industrial injury insurance regulations" is more standard than ever before.However,there are still many problems to be solved,and when some workers suffered injuries they can't be helped timely and conveniently,which severely affected the industrial injury insurance system of law.So it is necessary to further perfect the process of confirming industrial injury and protect the worker's lawful rights and interests.


Incidence of edentulousness, reasons for full clearance, and clinical status before extractions were studied in a longitudinal setting in 47 rural communities in Finland. The annual incidence of total loss of teeth was 50/100,000 inhabitants and loss of maxillary teeth 20/100,000 inhabitants. The rates were about twice as high for men as for women. Of the teeth to be extracted, 70% were roots or decayed, 20% were affected by severe periodontal disease and 10% were extracted for prosthetic reasons without caries or periodontal disease. The incidence rates indicate that the number of dentulous subjects in Finland is growing very rapidly.


A 44-year-old uremic woman presented with a 2-week history of painless hematuria. This oliguric patient has been under regular hemodialysis for 2 years as a result of Chinese herb nephropathy. Atypical cells were found in urine cytologic examinations. Ultrasound findings only suggested both kidneys were not visible. PET/CT scan revealed bilateral contracted kidneys and a focal increased uptake of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in the upper portion of the left kidney. No obvious accumulation of FDG was found in other portions of the urinary tract. Coregistration CT scan also revealed a soft tissue lesion in the upper pole of the left kidney. Ten days after the PET/CT scan, MRI images revealed that both kidneys were severely contracted with loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation. An ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing mass in the upper pole of the left kidney corresponded to the PET findings. The patient received a left nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision. A protruding renal pelvic tumor, 1 cm in diameter, was found. Microscopic pathologic examination showed a WHO grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma. No malignancy was noted in the left ureter or urinary bladder cuff.


The increasing use of visible and near infrared light in therapeutic and diagnostic techniques has created a need to model its propagation in tissue. One of the fundamental objectives of such a model is the noninvasive evaluation of the optical properties of tissue. The focus of this thesis was the development of the diffusion approximation in the semi infmite, slab, cylindrical and spherical geometries. This development required the derivation of approximate boundary conditions which included the zero, extrapolated and partial current boundary conditions. Calculations of the fluence and its related quantities arising from the extrapolated boundary condition were found to be in excellent agreement with the results of the more rigorous partial current boundary condition. A preliminary evaluation of the validity of diffusion theory was performed by comparing its predictions to exact analytical calculations ·ofthe fluence in an infmite medium as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the reflectance and transmittance in !-dimensional planar geometries. In all cases the agreement at late times was excellent. A practical test of the diffusion model was accomplished with the analysis of the reflectance data from a phantom of known optical properties in both the semi-infinite and slab geometries. The model perfomed well at low concentrations of added absorber, but a considerable dis crepancy was found at the highest concentration. A systematic examination of the accuracy of the diffusion model as a function of the fundamental parameters is required to resolve this inconsistency. Approximate expressions describing the equivalent information in the frequency domain were also developed for a semi-infinite medium. These expressions were then used


The fact sheet discusses the educator's role in helping students develop an appreciation f.. or global issues affecting their lives and an understanding of the interrelationships binding our society to world regions and peoples. The first section makes a distinction between global education and international or cross-cultural studies. Possible topics for teaching units on global studies as well as educational objectives are presented. It is stressed that a schoolwide program is not likely to be successful unless it has the active support of the district and community. Global education is considered to be equally relevant for students of all academic, social, and economic levels. The second section lists 19 regional, national, and international global education oriented organizations which offer free brochures or catalogs. Eight books and articles published between 1977 and 1980 are listed. In addition to bibliographical information and the annotation, ERIC accession numbers are provided for these items. (LH) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION


We give the definition of generalized timelike Mannheim curve in Minkowski space-time 𝐸𝟒𝟏. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the generalized timelike Mannheim curve are obtained. We show some characterizations of generalized Mannheim curve.


A series of FePt thin films with perpendicular c -axis orientation were deposited on single crystal MgO (001) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. With the increase of substrate temperature during deposition, FCC disordered structure transforms to FCT ordered structure ( L 1 0 phase) gradually, and the chemical ordering parameter increases simultaneously. Furthermore, the magneto-crystalline anisotropy, coercivity and squareness ratio of the hysteresis loops along perpendicular direction increase also. The magneto-optical Kerr spectra were found to be changing notablely with the chemical ordering of FePt films.


Theatrical adaptations of Bleak House can be split into two groups, those few that were produced just as Dickens was finishing the novel in 1853 and then the array that succeeded Dickens' death in 1870. Though some adaptations became popular, very few were published, and the plays that were produced in 1853 before Dickens finished writing the novel have not received much attention subsequently. A playwright for the Royal Pavilion Theatre in East London, George Dibdin Pitt, wrote the first adaptation of Bleak House. His version highlights working class participation in the narrative and shapes a critique of Dickens' middle-class activism. Dibdin Pitt disrupts Dickens' portrayal of the poor and working classes by putting these characters centre stage and insisting on their critical participation in Victorian culture.


The common method for monoclonal antibody preparation is complex and time-consuming.So a procedure which allowed rapid and efficient isolation of target protein from a library of antibodies was reported here.According to immunology protocol,specific antibodies to a peritrophic membrane protein,SeP89(which was expressed in Escherichia coli),was isolated from a polycolonal antiserum against a pool of proteins from the PM of Spodoptera exigua.We successfully isolated highly specific antibodies to SeP89 protein from a polycolonal antiserum pool.A method of rapid and efficient isolation of highly specific antibodies from an antiserum against a pool of proteins was established.


In 1971, an unnamed species of Alboleptonia was first reported from the Island of St. Kilda (Watling and Richardson, 1971). During the summer of 1973, one of us (D.L.L.) collected this species from the grasslands near Newtonmore, Inverness-shire. Since 1973, this agaric has been collected on the Island of Mull (Henderson and Watling, 1978) and, from the observations of one of us (R.W.), it appears to be widespread in rough pastures in north and northwest Scotland. The unnamed species of Alboleptonia is characterized by the lacerate-scaly pileus, the dark reddish brown staining reaction of the entire basidiocarp, the lack of clamp connections, the cylindro-clavate cheilocystidia, and the elliptical (in section), heterodiametric, 5-6-angled basidiospores. This combination of features is not found in any other species of Alboleptonia (Largent and Benedict, 1970; Romagnesi and Gilles, 1979; Horak, 1980; Pegler, 1983). Colors in the following description are taken from Kornerup and Wanscher (1961), with the first number(s) designating the page, the letter(s) designating vertical column(s), and the last number(s) designating the horizontal column. Fifteen measurements each were taken on random samples of spores, cystidia, and basidia. Abbreviations used in the description are as follows: xL = average length; xW = average width; L - D = length minus diam (i.e., width); Q = spore length divided by spore width; and L/W = length divided by width.


A step-by-step, complete goal management plan for defining, monitoring, and achieving your personal and professional goals. Contains worksheets, self-assessment exercises, a time management plan, a 28-day success habit plan, even physical exercises you can use to become a successful goal manager--and avoid time-wasting, stress-causing habits.


Screen-printing technology provides a convenient method in fabricating thick-film conductive circuits and devices in the past few decades. Conventionally, piezoelectric thick-film is printed on alumina substrate with high mechanical Q-factor and resonates at higher frequency outside the range of ambient vibration. As the piezoelectric charge generation is proportional to the mechanical stress on the material, therefore the substrate can be removed in order to lower the natural frequency of the structure. In this paper, a series of piezoelectric ceramic cantilevers were fabricated in the form of free-standing cantilever. An additional layer of ceramic was also introduced to the upper and lower electrode to prevent delamination. The issue of zero resultant stress for the sandwiched piezoelectric cantilever was solved by repeating the electrode-PZT-electrode layer to form a multilayer structure. It was found from the experiment that an electrical output power of 32 μW was generated when it operates at its resonant frequency at 403 Hz.


Electric field gradients were computed at the nitrogen nuclei in a number of small molecules, using LCAO MO SCF wavefunctions constructed with Gaussian‐lobe basis sets. Comparisons with molecular‐quadrupole‐constant data leads to a number of independent values for the quadrupole moment of 14N, which was poorly known. From this work, and other current studies, the best value of Q(14N) is 1.56 × 10−26 cm2. The contributions to the electric field gradient from various molecular orbitals are analyzed in detail for several cases. Procedures for estimating field gradients with the aid of overlap integrals are critically examined.


The Sobolev-type spaces $D_{p,1,\alpha }^{CP} (1\le p\le2)$ are defined for the compensated Poisson process, and the stochastic integral representation (analogous to the Ocone–Haussmann–Clark formula) is derived for the functionals from these spaces. The formula is given for the computation of the predictable projections of the stochastic derivatives of the above-mentioned functionals.


Personal Digital Assistants, Handhelds, Palmtops and Palm Pilots are all terms referring to pocket sized computer devices that make computing tasks more portable and flexible by being small enough to fit into one's pocket and mobile to be used anywhere. This paper describes the innovative platform, called SmartChecker that integrates mobile technologies into teaching and learning environment for the particularly tracking and monitoring of student's class attendance. SmartChecker, exploits the use of personal digital assistance (PDA) to provide mobile and instant graphical display. It also furnishes reports and progress tracks for determining student class attendance baselines, and improves the quality of monitoring and data captured technique, data-driven decision making and school accountability. SmartChecker is a new application was developed for data entry and retrieving all the student information using PDA. The software was developed and stored in server could be access using wireless PDA by teachers. The system automatically keeps the student's record for that class and also will calculate all the attendance for those particular days. SmartChecker serves both the school administrators and teachers. We have also highlighted and proposed solutions on specific technical and design issues relating to hand held devices, such as information display on small screen, information security, and the overall system architecture.


The Austrian federal reference network has a very l ong tradition. Due to historical measurement methods, instruments, network design an d other influencing factors (e.g. difficult measurement conditions in mountainous reg ions), local and regional distortions mapped into the official reference network. These d eformations can be regarded as local systematic effects, which cannot be captured by a 7 -parameter similarity transformation covering the whole Austrian territory, not even by parameters valid for a single Austrian province. Nowadays, GNSS measurements allow for est abli hing homogeneous networks, even for larger regions. Thus, when performing e.g. GNSS RTK-measurements a major problem is the availability of optimal parameters t o transform the ITRF coordinates into the local datum with remaining sufficiently small resid ual vectors. Usually the parameter sets are determined by compar ison of points, which are known in both systems. The ITRF coordinates used in this work wer e determined during the installation of several regional GNSS permanent station networks in Austria. The aim of the study is to set up an automated process for detecting groups of poi nts with similar deformation behaviour of the national coordinates w.r.t. the ITRF. The resul ting local deformation patterns can help to optimally fit the transformation parameters to loca l distortions or to overlay regional parameters with local polynomial corrections, compe nsating for the deformations of the official network. This procedure can lead to smalle r horizontal residuals for the transformed points and substantially decrease the number of nec essary parameter sets due to the optimally adapted compensation of the deformations.


We describe eight new southern African species in the largely sub-Saharan African genus Moraea L., one from the winterdry Great Karoo and the others from the winter-rainfall zone of the southwest of the subcontinent. M. striata Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (subg. Visciramosae Goldblatt) from the southern foothills of the Great Swartberg Mtns has khaki-green flowers with reflexed tepal limbs streaked with dark lines. The acaulescent M. singularis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (subg. Umbellatae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning) with terete leaf blades is restricted to the dry, interior foothills of the Kamiesberg in Northern Cape. M. filamentosa Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, subg. Acaules (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, is described from the dry interior of Namaqualand in Northern Cape. The species is closely allied to the widespread M. falcifolia Klatt. In subg. Polyanthes (Goldblatt) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, we describe M. thermarum Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (sect. Hexaglottis (Vent.) Goldblatt) from southwestern Namibia, allied to M. brevituba (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, and M. lazulina Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (sect. Pseudospicata Goldblatt & J.C.Manning) from the Little Karoo, until now confused with M. exiliflora Goldblatt but differing in its larger flowers with strongly reflexed tepals. The new M. petricola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (subg. Vieusseuxia (D.Delaroche) Goldblatt), is restricted to higher elevations of the Pakhuis Mtns of northern Western Cape. Lastly, in subg. Homeria (Vent.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, we recognize M. doleritica Goldblatt & J.C.Manning with pale yellow flowers and anthers exceeding the style branches, restricted to dolerite outcrops in the Great Karoo, and M. eburnea Goldblatt & J.C.Manning from the northern foothills of the Klein Swartberg, which has a single, basal leaf and pale yellow flowers with filaments free distally. Moraea now has 222 species, including 203 in southern Africa, of which 200 are endemic to the region. In addition to describing new species, the paper brings to light range extensions of a further eight species: M. barnardii L.Bolus, M. elliotii Baker, M. exiliflora Goldblatt, M. falcifolia Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, M. fenestralis (Goldblatt & E.G.H.Oliver) Goldblatt, M. louisabolusiae Goldblatt, M. tulbaghensis L.Bolus and M. unguiculata Ker Gawl. Each of the species falls into one of the subgenera mentioned for the new species except M. fenestralis which belongs in subg. Galaxia .


Project of Ahvaz metro, line1, with total length of 23 km, is one of the largest subway lines in this city which its distinctive features like passing through all Ahwaz's alluvium and under Karun River,facing various geotechnical situations, its depth as well as adaptation of mechanized excavation techniques have made it one the most special tunneling projects so far. Given the respective characteristics, identifying, assessing, controlling and, and in fact, managing risks on this massive project is of high importance and necessity.Ranking the risks of this project, especially in case of increased risk factors, is deemed to be as an important part of a complicated process i.e. riskmanagement. In the present study, a comprehensive structure of main risks on tunneling and metro projects -composed of three groups: 23 major levels and 198 sub-levels was initially prepared, and then these risks were subsequently ranked in the tunneling project of Ahvaz subway line 1. To do so, group decision-making and weighted average method have been employed to collect and aggregate experts' views and data respectively whilst linear assignment, as one of the multi attribute decision making methods, has been used to rank the risks. Risk ranking indicesare divided into two groups: primary and secondary. The first has been determined based on risk probability and impact on main objectives of the project (i.e. time, cost, quality and efficiency) with different weights. The latter included risk identification level, socio-economic impacts, environmental affects, risk proximity, risk exposure, risk manageability, level of risk recognition,relative uncertainty,level of risk mitigation.Taking advantage of linear assignment method, risks are better evaluated considering different indices, and, therefore, they are ranked more realistically. At the end, according to results, risks concerning boring operation and employer were at the highest and lowest ranks respectively.


Because of complicated attributes of competitiveness of general contractor,a comprehensive indicator system is proposed under the assistant of SPSS.The system comprises technology level and innovation capability,ability to fund operations,integrated management capabilities,corporate image building capability,market competitiveness and organizational capacity.Then,the muti-indices comprehensive evaluation model of general contractors based on radial basic function neural network is built.Finally the real general engineering contract enterprises and its relative data are employed to testify the validity of the proposed approach.


The need for healthy and pollution-free water is vital given the world's industrialization and population explosion. The removal of chemical pollutants, especially phenol and phenolic compounds, from urban and industrial wastewaters is of particular importance due to their high water solubility and toxicity. Previous physicochemical techniques for phenol removal are no longer cost-effective. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using various oxidizing agents have been recently recognized as an effective method for removing organic compounds through mineralization. The present work evaluated the phenol (100 ppm) removal from aqueous solutions through photooxidation systems of UV exposure, UV/TiO2, O3, O3/TiO2, H2O2, H2O2/UV, H2O2/TiO2, H2O2/TiO2/O3 and H2O2/TiO2/O3/UV. The results showed a decrease in the phenol concentration by almost half using UV, UV/TiO2, O3, O3/TiO2, H2O2, H2O2/UV and H2O2/TiO2 within 50 min. The phenol concentration reached 50 and 71 ppm using H2O2/TiO2/O3 system within 50 and 70 min, respectively. The UV/H2O2/O3/TiO2 system reduced the phenol concentration to zero after 40 min. The findings revealed that the AOP enabled by the UV/H2O2/O3/TiO2 combined system caused the complete removal of phenol, highlighting the capacity of the proposed system to remove toxic aromatic compounds such as phenol released during the wastewater treatment process.


Based on the panel data of 30 provinces,
municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2011 to 2018, this paper
uses the digital inclusive financial index and industrial structure upgrading
coefficient of the Internet Research Center of Peking University as the core
explanatory and explained variables to construct a spatial panel. Bin model
performs regression analysis on the
effect of digital inclusive finance in the upgrading of industrial structure.
The results prove that the development of digital inclusive finance in this
province and city has significantly promoted the upgrading of the regional
industrial structure, and it has a positive overall effect on the upgrading of
industrial structure.


Sixty three physiological races of Phytophthora infestans isolated from 17 potato production areas in Gansu Province were identified in 2009.The results showed that race 188.8.131.52 had the most frequent and distribution,the frequency reached 28.57%.Race 220.127.116.11.22.214.171.124.11 had the most virulent genes.Race 4 only had a simple virulent gene.The virulent genes vir1,vir4,vir6 and vir7 occurred much frequently(over 50%) and distributed widely.The virulent genes vir2 and vir9 did not found in Gansu Province.


A test is developed for hypotheses about the grand mean in the analysis of variance, using the known relationship between the t distribution and the F distribution with 1 df for the numerator. Examples are given to suggest that the test may be of value in some research settings, especially when a known comparison population exists, and collection of data on a control group is expensive. Where appropriate, the test is efficient, as its addition to a standard analysis of variance requires no additional data collection and results in no loss of df from other comparisons in the analysis.


This paper introduces the concept,source,structuree and study methods of oligosaccharide from the perspective of its structure and inducibility.It also lays emphasis on the latest development of the anti-disease study on oligosaccharide inducibility,and makes a comment on the advantagee of the inducibility.The functional system of the inducibility,physiological function and some shortcomings of the application study are also mentioned.


We have studied the effect of Mn-site substitution of Ru (x=0, 0.5) on the electrical transport and magnetic properties of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by solid state reaction method. The temperature dependence of the resistivity is measured from 5–300 K with and without magnetic field. The value of M-I transition temperature (TP) decreases while resistivity and MR increases with Ru substitution. The temperature dependence of magnetization (M-T) shows ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition (TC) at 270 K for the doped samples.


This paper analyzes the time that consumers dedicate to a range of cultural goods (cinema, theatre, museums, and spectator sports) by estimating a SUR model with information from the Spanish Time Use Survey for 2009-2010. Thus, we bridge the gap in the literature of consumption that has omitted the determinants of the time adults spend on cultural goods. Our main results indicate that age influences the time spent going to cinemas and art exhibitions/museums in different ways. Older individuals spend less time going to cinemas, while younger individuals are less frequent visitors to art galleries and museums, and men spend more time than women at sporting events. A university level of education influences the time dedicated to these four activities in a positive and statistically significant manner, and larger families positively influence the time dedicated to attending sporting events.


Selected results for Tajikistan and Armenia are presented from the 1989 Soviet census. The data concern population by ethnic group and language.


The article presents an analysis of a commonly used performance modification method for turboprop and turboshaft engines with a free power turbine. Analytical and numerical methods of evaluation for a change of parameters and geometry of turbine assemblies are described. The basic methods of changing throat area of turbine nozzle guide vanes and its influence on engine performance are also given. The calculation methods are verified by experimental tests run by WSK "PZL Rzeszow" S.A.


Pressure dependence of spontaneous magnetization and forced- and spontaneous-volume magnetostriction in itinerant electron ferromagnets at 0°K are formulated. Dependence on atomic volume of the band width and of the molecular field coefficient are taken into account. It is shown that the spontaneous volume magnetostriction ω s , must be negative when the forced one ω H , is negative while the former may be positive or negative when the latter is positive. It is easily understood why ω H is positive or whereas ω s is negative in Ni, Fe and some Ni-Fe alloys. If Kanamori's theory considering the correlation between electrons is applied to the molecular field coefficient, then ω H is positive at 0°K. So far has been found no metallic ferromagnets with negative ω H at low temperature, with an exception of dilute Fe-alloys. Diagrammatic representation to relate the density of states to forced- and spontaneous-volume magnetostriction is given.


Within the framework of the layer-by-layer growth mechanism for a crystal nucleus on a coherent (with respect to the nucleus) substrate with similar parameters, we have obtained relations for the probability of heterogeneous nucleation for low degrees of supersaturation. This probability is determined by the deformation of the crystal structure due to interaction between the nucleus and the substrate, adsorption of vapor, and the equilibrium shape of the nucleus


ABSTRACT This study provides valuable insights concerning the nature of professional practice in instrumental teachers working in a range of professional contexts in the UK. Using Bourdieu's conceptual tools of habitus, field and capital, the analysis explores the way in which individuals negotiate the field of instrumental music education, revealing high levels of professional autonomy and specific understandings of the role of the contemporary professional musician. The findings demonstrate the extent to which musicians' understandings and practices are culturally determined and perpetuated, highlighting the relationship between specific aspects of the field of instrumental teaching and learning and understandings of professional identity. The perception and experience of professional identity revealed in this study suggest a need to revise understandings of the role and identity of the professional musician in the context of contemporary portfolio careers in music. Using an explanatory sequential research design to combine data from a national survey of instrumental teachers with findings from eighteen individual case study interviews and one focus group, the research prioritises the lived experience of participants in generating understanding of professional lives and identities in this context.


I prepared to write this piece, I found myself so biased and jaded by decades of personal kvetching, soapboxing, and writing about the ways in which gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transsexuals (GLBTs) have been systematically omitted, vilified, marginalized, and/or homogenized on mainstream television, that my knee-jerk reactions took over my thought process. I decided that 2010 was the time for me to reapproach the issue, perhaps with a bit of distance. I determined to put the soapbox away for this project, step back, glance across the dial, and assess what was occurring with regard to the writing of GLBT characters in American television. Just how does American television write the millennial queer? I found the answer to be most aptly summed up by a magnet hanging on my refrigerator: "Let gay people marry. They should suffer like the rest of us." In short, I think TV writers are writing just as preposterously, wonderfully, formulaically, and at times just plain badly for GLBTs as they are for everyone else. Stereotyped gays, overrepresented young and white gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and feuding queer couples abound, but check out the straights on the tube and you'll find that they look pretty similar. The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) has been declaring for the last fourteen years exactly who has found their way onto the television lineup and who is still missing. Wholly dedicated to the statistics, GLAAD continues to delineate the percentages of GLBTs on network, cable, and premium cable channels. They break down numbers with regard to gender, sexual identification, and race and ethnicity. The commentary in their study of the 2009-2010 primetime season celebrates new characters and laments a drop in numbers.1


Our services was introduced by using a wish to work as a full on the web digital collection which o ers usage of great number of PDF file e-book collection. You might find many di erent types of epublication and other literatures from your documents data bank. Distinct well-known topics that distribute on our catalog are trending books, answer key, examination test question and answer, information sample, skill guideline, test sample, end user guide, user guidance, assistance instructions, restoration handbook, and so forth.


Results of a systematic study of the geometry, electronic structure, magnetic, and vibrational properties of small nickel clusters Nin, with n=2–6, 8, within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation of the density functional theory are presented in this work. Emphasis is on the increasing number of stable conformers found when the cluster size increases. Some discussion on how the lower vibrational frequencies could help in the experimental elucidation of the ground states is provided. Finally, a comparison between experimental and calculated average magnetic moments per atom is presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem, 2001


and urticaria; the minority of studies involve children [68]" There have, however, been very few follow-up studies to indicate the duration of food additive intolerance in individual patients [8-11]. Some reports indicated that this was a transient phenomenon, but no large follow-up study has been made. This study was undertaken to investigate the duration of food additive intolerance in a group of children who had been studied as inpatients at


Short-term load forecasting is an important foundational work for the power system dispatching.Because there were many influence factors,it was easy to produce misjudgment if the form of decision tree depended entirely on a algorithm.A new algorithm for load forecasting according to decision tree and decoupling was proposed.Short-term load forecasting was divided into the per unit curve forecasting and average load forecasting to improve precision.A new method of decision tree was raised.The layers before of decision tree were designated according to experience,and the rest was formed automatically.According to different forecasting conditions,it formed the decision trees of per unit curve forecasting and average load forecasting respectively with different forecasting formulas.The new algorithm took fully into account the discipline of different factors that influenced power load and the more important factors were near the top of tree,so it was suitable for short term load forecasting in all circumstances.The practical application in one northern city shows that this method has a higher forecast precision.


T HE American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists presents the Robert H. Gibbs, Jr. Memorial Award annually to a citizen of a Western Hemisphere nation ''for an outstanding body of published work in systematic ichthyology.'' Bob's wife Frigga established the award in his honor, and ASIH has bestowed this recognition continuously since 1989. I had the good fortune of knowing and working alongside Bob for several years before his untimely death, and I know that he would be delighted to see how important this award has become to our Society. For 2016, the selection committee (comprising me, Carole Baldwin, and Kyle Piller) considered six highly meritorious nominees. This year's award winner has published—to date—more than 140 peer-reviewed papers and four books over a span of 35 years. Ten of these have been cited over 100 times, and total citations are more than 5,800. The awardee's work has appeared frequently in highly respected ichthyological journals, including Copeia, Journal of Fish Biology, Environmental Biology of Fishes, and Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters as well as more general journals of substantial importance, such as Systematic Biology, American Museum Novitates, Bulletin of Marine Science, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Evolutionary Biology, Biological Reviews, and Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Of particular note is the breadth of international collaboration, which includes, by my rough count, at least 80 coauthors worldwide. The vast majority of these publications is systematic in nature and includes species descriptions, taxonomic revisions, faunal studies, morphological (and a few molecular) phylogenetic studies of diverse teleostean taxa, as well as detailed anatomical treatises with phylogenetic inferences ranging from the species level to higher relationships of acanthomorph fishes. In the realm of comparative morphology and systematics, the awardee's taxonomic scope includes ostariophysan fishes but primarily encompasses ctenosquamates, including papers on synaphobranchids, syngnathids, mugilids, myctophids, neoscopelids, polymixiids, betotiids, and more, but focusing particularly on one pantropical family that has long intrigued evolutionary biologists especially in the arena of morphological adaptation and speciation hypotheses. The awardee's dissertation and first detailed publications in systematic ichthyology were on the comparative anatomy and phylogenetic status of this family, which has long been celebrated for its speciose radiations in the African rift lakes. The behavior and biology of fishes of this family were well studied, but missing was a detailed analysis and proposal of their monophyly. The first two publications established that characters emanating from detailed and original observations and illustrations of osteology and myology could be used to support their monophyly, and a later one dealt with their interrelationships. The family, of course, is the Cichlidae. Continuing in this biogeographic region, the awardee began to focus more broadly on the systematics and diversity of African freshwater fishes, stepping up very rugged field trips to Africa, plus Madagascar, which have resulted in large, comprehensive collections at the awardee's home institution and bolstered its reputation as a world center for the study of African freshwater fishes. Students and researchers from all over the world come to work on these extraordinary collections of African fishes as well as to interact with the awardee. Returning to the Congo River and adjacent watersheds nearly every year, the awardee has witnessed firsthand the loss of habitat and species and has become a passionate and vocal supporter of conservation efforts worldwide, especially where human development has threatened the supply of freshwater for humans and other species. This year's awardee is a natural and very talented communicator and educator and one of the most engaging speakers in our Society. To quote one of her students: ''I would not be doing ichthyology without her. She gets far too little credit for how much scientific infrastructure she has created in rural West Africa. But beyond that she is still the mentor who will show a high school student how to dissect and identify the muscles of the head of a mullet, or to show a villager from Kinshasa how to throw a cast net. She is a gifted, patient, and kind teacher.'' The recipient was born in Germany and raised in England and received both bachelor's and Ph.D. degrees in Zoology from the University of London. After spending three years as an assistant professor at Harvard University,


.................................................................................................................................................. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... iii CURRENT TEST METHODS.......................................................................................................................... iii Burn Injury Parameters......................................................................................................................... iii Justification for Improved Test Method................................................................................................. iii SHIPBOARD FIRE ENVIRONMENTS .............................................................................................................. iv Predicted Fire Environments .................................................................................................................iv Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer................................................................................................iv Engine Compartment Fires ....................................................................................................................iv Supply Area Fires....................................................................................................................................v Berthing Area Fires.................................................................................................................................v Deck Storage Area Fires .........................................................................................................................v SPECIFIC FIRE SCENARIOS........................................................................................................................... v Hydraulic Oil Spray Fire.........................................................................................................................v 3.4.2 Pool Fires ......................................................................................................................................vi Bunk Fires ..............................................................................................................................................vi HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................................... vi FUTURE WORK.......................................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................................................... viii CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................................... xiii NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................................................. xiv SUBSCRIPTS ............................................................................................................................................. xv 1.0 STATEMENT OF WORK .................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 EXAMINATION OF EXISTING TEST METHODS......................................................................... 2 2.1 FACTORS AFFECTING BURN INJURIES.................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Factors Unrelated to Protective Fabric ........................................................................................ 2 2.1.2 Factors Related to Protective Fabric ............................................................................................ 3 2.2 CURRENT TEST METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Test ASTM F 1358 95................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Cloth; Vertical (FTMS 5903.1) ......................... 4 2.2.3 Thermal Protective Performance Test [6,7] ................................................................................ 5 2.2.4 INSTRUMENTED MANIKIN TEST [4,5,10] ............................................................................................ 6 2.2.5 Instrumented Robotic Manikin Test............................................................................................... 8 2.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR AN IMPROVED NAVY TEST ..................................................................................... 9 3.0 PREDICTION OF FIRE ENVIRONMENTS TYPICAL OF U.S. NAVY SHIPS......................... 10 3.1 CRITICAL PARAMETERS REQUIRED TO DETERMINE CLOTHING EXPOSURE.......................................... 10 3.1.1 Duration of Exposure .................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.2 Fire Intensity ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer..................................................................................... 11


Objective:To study tissuse chara ct eristics of Humulus lupulus, powder characteristics, physical and chemical c haracteristics.Methods:By microscope,TLC and UV, we study the microsco pical features and physical and chemical characteristics of H.lupulus.Results:By experiment we dropped out the microscopical fea tures of all parts.Conclusion:The method are accurate and practical and can p rovide evidences for the identification of H.lupulus.


Objective: The goal of the study was to validate an Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, which has three factors: revenge (4 items, e.g., "I will make the other person suffer"), insulting or pejorative thoughts (5 items, e.g., "S/he is stupid"), and thoughts of control (10 items, e.g., "I will be patient").
Method: The sample had 522 adolescents (M age = 15.92, SD = 0.90); 213 men, and 309 women from a public school; they were recruited through intentional non-random sampling. The participants answered three instruments: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, The Multicultural Inventory of Anger and Hostility (ML-STAXI) for Mexican Adolescents, and the Scale of Anger Expression with Physical Aggression. The design of the study is instrumental.
Results: It was found, through confirmatory factor analysis and modification indexes, that the 3-factor model showed good fit (CFI = .912, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .076). The reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) was acceptable: .78, .86, and .92, respectively. Construct validity was satisfactory, since  the scale was useful to distinguish between individuals with high and low scores in variables of anger, anger control, anger expression, and physical aggression toward people and toward objects. A gender difference was found in one of the three scales; women had more pejorative thoughts than men.
Conclusion: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents is a reliable option with construct validity. It represents a starting point for research, assessment, and treatment of adolescents with anger problems.


A direct method is proposed for stochastic programming. On each step the method uses solving of the linear program which is the linear approximation of input stochastic programs.


This paper presents an exact mathematical model for the postbuckling of a uniformly heated slender rod with axially immovable simply supported ends on the basis of geometrically nonlinear theory of extensible rods. The material is assumed linear elastic and its thermal strain-temperature relationship is considered nonlinear. Two approaches have been used in this study. The first approach is based on the extensible elastica theory. The governing equations are derived and solved analytically for the exact closed form solutions that include the equilibrium configurations of the rod, equilibrium paths, and temperature gradients. The exact solutions take the form of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds. In the second approach, the multisegment integration technique is employed to solve a set of nonlinear differential equations with the associated boundary conditions. The equations are integrated by using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. A comparison study between the analytical elliptic integral solutions and the numerical multisegment integration technique solutions show excellent agreement of results. Special features of the solutions in the form of determination of buckling temperature, effects of slenderness ratio and nonlinear strain-temperature coefficients on the buckling and postbuckling behavior as a function of temperature are also discussed extensively. Keywords: Thermal postbuckling, elliptic integral, multisegment integration, critical buckling temperature. doi: 10.3329/jme.v40i1.3467 Journal of Mechanical Engineering , Vol. ME40, No.1, June 2009 1-8


Based on the reasons of "pidgin Chinese" common in overseas student Chinese learning, this paper investigates the problems in Mandarin phonetic teaching,which are listed as follows:(1) the tone pattern and value of tone 3;(2) the tone pattern and value of light sounds;(3) the distinctive features of tones;(4) Mandarin tonalization;(5) technical adjustment strategies to avoid misleading caused by the Scheme for Chinese Phonetic Alphabet.


In spite of the development of recent imaging technology, it is sometimes difficult to make a diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differentiation of these lesions from nonneoplastic ones. Twelve patients with nonneoplastic intramedullary spinal cord lesions, excluding syringomyelia, who underwent surgery for either partial removal or biopsy were reviewed. Eight lesions were located in the cervical cord, 3 were in the thoracic cord, and 1 was in the thoracolumbar cord. Signs and symptoms were usually referable to the location of the cord lesions, which was not helpful in distinguishing them from intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms. On T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, most of signal intensities were iso- or low intense, whereas T2-weighted images showed high signal in all cases. The extent of enhancement with gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA varied from mildly homogeneous to irregular enhancement; however, all lesions showed an ill-defined boundary. Minimal or no spinal cord expansion in spite of the extent of the enhanced mass was the most consistent finding in most of the cases. The pathology of the surgical specimens demonstrated demyelinating lesions in 2 patients, granulomatous disease in 2 patients, vascular disease in 3 patients, inflammatory disease in 3 patients, and other conditions in 2 patients. Even with the advent of diagnostic techniques, it is still sometimes difficult to distinguish nonneoplastic intramedullary spinal cord lesions preoperatively from intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms.


Vehicle scheduling is an important component of the transit operations planning process because it is directly related to the number of vehicles required for covering all trips. However, in practice, vehicles are not scheduled by a very efficient approach, related to the fact that all vehicles use one type of operation strategy—full operation strategy—for meeting unbalanced demand patterns. This paper proposes a methodology to reduce the required number of vehicles by adjusting a few trips to operate by other strategies, including limited stop, short turn, deadheading, and mixed strategies. This proposed methodology is based on a graphical human–machine interactive technique, called deficit function (DF). The DF allows schedulers to select a variable trip schedule for reducing the number of vehicles using optimal determination of the best applied strategies. The process of adjusting variable trips to accommodate different strategies may result in passenger travel time changes. Two optimization models are developed to minimize these changes and determine a set of stops served by the variable trip schedule. This proposed methodology has been applied to a detailed example and a case study in Paris, France. The results show that the adjustment of a few trips to use certain strategies can reduce the number of buses required by three.


"Meaningful Use" of Cost-Measurement Systems Lawmakers could build on the HITECH Act by introducing additional criteria that prompt and guide health care providers in improving operational efficien...


Diverse coke deposition mechanisms and models, all supported by experimental data, have been proposed for catalytic hydrogenation processes related to heavy oil and bitumen refining. In this contribution, nanofiltration is used to partition Athabasca bitumen and Maya crude oil so that the potential impact of asphaltene-rich nano-aggregate size on coke deposition on a commercial NiMo/γ-Al2O3 hydrotreating catalyst could be investigated without introducing artifacts related to the use of solvents. Crude samples were filtered at 473 K through 5, 10, 20, and 50 nm ceramic filters. The feeds, permeates, and retentates are characterized in detail in a companion contribution (Zhao and Shaw, Energy Fuels 2007, 21 (5), 2795−2804). Batch coking experiments were conducted at 653 K for 2 h at a 30:1 feed to catalyst ratio (weight basis), with feed stocks, permeates, retentates, and control samples. Surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of coked catalysts were measured. The results were found to be con...


Dear Editor,

We read with interest the recent article by Domayer et al. titled "Microfracture in the Ankle: Clinical Results and MRI with T2-Mapping at 3.0 T after 1 to 8 Years" (Cartilage Online First, October 18, 2010). The authors concluded that microfracture surgery as a means of treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus can provide a repair tissue that is similar to that of "adjacent" cartilage when assessed with a relaxation time analysis via quantitative T2-mapping MRI.

The inferior biological and mechanical properties of fibrocartilage are well recognized throughout the literature.1-5 Normal articular cartilage is composed primarily of type II collagen, whereas the differentiation of fibrocartilage results in an increased type I collagen composition. We were therefore surprised to learn that the fibrocartilage infill reported in the analysis by Domayer et al. resembled normal cartilage.

In our experience, the T2 values of fibrocartilage infill following microfracture never approach the stratification of normal cartilage. In fact, the T2 values are typically diffuse and prolongated, thereby reflecting poor collagen fiber architecture within the repair cartilage (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Coronal quantitative T2-map performed 24 months following microfracture to the lateral aspect of the talar dome demonstrates prolongation of T2 values without color stratification at the site of cartilage repair.

We must emphasize that a single T2 measurement within the respective region of interest should not be considered adequate in accurately quantifying the cartilage repair tissue. Standardized regions of interest for quantitative imaging techniques such as T2-mapping should include multiple standardized measurements of the repair tissue (i.e., the central aspect of the defect, the peripheral defect, the interface between the repair and host tissues, the area adjacent to the defect, and a control value that is remote from the defect). These measurements should also be taken in both the deep and superficial halves of repair cartilage. Interestingly, a significant area of prolongation within the repair tissue over the defect is evident in Figure 3A, but it is impossible to know whether or not this was taken into account in the authors' analysis without a standardized protocol with multiple measurements.

We stress that the quantification of repair cartilage following microfracture surgery for osteochondral lesions of the talus must be evaluated further before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Sincerely,


Abstract Based on interviews and newspaper and internet sources, the study explores the impact of Covid-19 and the related measures on the life of the Hungarian national community in Slovenia during the first wave of the epidemic, i.e. from 12 March to 31 May 2020. Members of the Hungarian national community and their respective institutions, as well as all residents of the border area, were directly affected mainly by border closure, since following the democratic processes after the 1990s, and especially after accession to the European Union, life in the border zone had changed in both qualitative and quantitative terms. In the last decade, residents of the border area on both sides of the border have been integrated in the economic, transport, educational, cultural and sports life of the neighbouring country, their homeland.


Exposure to stress in early life is correlated with the development of anxiety disorders in adulthood. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but an imbalance in corticosteroid receptor (CR) expression in the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus, has been implicated in the etiology of anxiety disorders. However, little is known about how prepubertal stress in the so called "juvenile" period might alter the expression of these receptors.


The Ohio River is one of the busiest inland waterways in the world. In excess of 260 million tons (236 million metric tons) of cargo are shipped on the Ohio River annually. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is conducting several studies to determine the long-term investment strategy for sustainable navigation on the inland waterways of the United States. One such study is the Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study (ORMSS). This study utilizes risk-based decision making with engineering reliability analyses and designs that incorporate innovative construction methods to ensure relatively low cost, high quality navigation improvements for the Ohio River system. Major consequences occur when lock chambers along the lower Ohio River are closed to navigation for repair or construction improvements. Closure of a chamber causes significant delay costs to the navigation industry. The ORMSS predicts the impact of future lock chamber closures related to aging components and large-scale construction by using engineering reliability and economic modeling techniques. Engineering reliability analyses and event tree modeling are combined with economic models to determine expected delays on an annual basis, per chamber, at each site. Expected navigation delays and repair costs are estimated for component failure, and risk-based decisions are made in order to program funding for rehabilitations of deteriorated locks. The risk-based models are also used to determine the optimal timing of capital improvements at the higher traffic locks, where available capacity is the constraint to navigation. Most of the 19 projects on the Ohio River are configured with two lock chambers. The main chamber is 1200 feet (366 meters) in length, while the shorter auxiliary chamber is only 600 feet (183 meters) long. Preliminary designs are being developed to extend the existing shorter auxiliary lock chamber to 1200 feet (366 meters) in length at two high traffic projects. Innovative designs and construction techniques are utilized to keep the construction costs relatively low and lessen the adverse impact to navigation. In order to minimize construction costs, unconventional designs such as landside wall diffuser outlets and floating approach walls were selected. In order to minimize interruptions to navigation, innovative in-the-wet construction techniques were selected for the lock extension. Innovative in-the-wet construction is not a traditional lock construction technique, but it is cost effective because it eliminates placement and removal of the costly construction cofferdam that is typically used. For this reason, it also minimizes impacts on navigation traffic.


Festschrift literally means "celebration-writing" in German. And that is what this volume is. It celebrates the remarkable career of David Slater, which in the best Queen's University tradition of John Deutsch and Clifford Clark spanned academia and public service, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. It follows an old academic tradition that at an appropriate stage in the career of an eminent scholar a volume be put together in their honour containing the writings of colleagues. Usually, the writings must have something to do with the scholar's life work. In David Slater's case, this was an easy task as his research and interests have been omnivorous. Finding contributors was also easy as over David's long career he had many colleagues, friends and students who jumped at the chance to honour him and to participate in this endeavour. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to give an overview of David Slater's life and career.


What does it mean to act 'reasonably' and why is it important (or necessary) to behave in such a manner? Though such questions have for centuries captured the attention and exercised the energies of philosophers, they have possessed particular importance for liberal philosophers. Indeed, it has been argued that the idea of 'public reasonableness is at the centre of liberalism' (Moore 1996, p. 167; see also, for example, Macedo 2000). Liberals' fascination with reasonableness is a consequence of their desire to establish and sustain the socio-political conditions essential to a just and stable society. Liberalism was originally developed as a means by which to secure political stability in societies in which the presence of religious pluralism had produced years of repression, persecution, and civil war. The violent, deadly, and destabilising conflict that arose in sixteenthand seventeenth-century Europe as a result of the public intolerance of religious diversity brought with it the realisation that a new approach to responding to doctrinal disagreement was necessary if one wished to avoid such conflict in the future and provide for the type of peaceful coexistence needed to ensure political stability in pluralistic societies. Early liberal philosophers recognised that the ability of liberalism to achieve its goals was itself a function of its capacity to provide a just governance framework. If liberalism was to reduce to an unproblematic or manageable level the likelihood of divisive, destabilising conflict among the members of pluralistic societies, then it would need to offer a governance framework that was perceived to treat all competing interests 'justly'. In other words, liberalism would need to secure justice in order to achieve the desired (and necessary) political stability. In turn, realising justice would require that all citizens be treated 'fairly', which they are to the extent that the governance framework places only 'reasonable' demands upon them. Consequently, for early liberals, there was a fundamental interdependency between reasonableness, justice, political stability, liberalism, and the achievement of what John Rawls labelled a 'well-ordered' society: reasonableness was understood to be a critical component of the project of liberalism. Perhaps unsurprisingly, liberal philosophers' understanding of the specific character of 'reasonableness' has evolved with the passage of time. As the sociopolitical circumstances confronting the inhabitants of 'liberal' societies have


This document contains the technical basis and programmatic requirements for a study plant governs laboratory study of hydrological properties of the near-field environment of a nuclear waste repository. The Study Plan (SP), known as ``Near-Field Environment Hydrological Properties (NFEHP),`` will be reviewed by Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Office (YMPO) of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The final version of the SP may be different from this document. The SP is identified by Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as WBS 18.104.22.168.2. This study is described in Section 22.214.171.124.4.1 of the Site Characterization Plant (SCP). The purpose and objective of the Near-Field Environment Hydrological Properties study are to understand, at the laboratory scale, hydrological processes expected to occur within the near field of nuclear waste repository after waste package emplacement.


This paper identifies new classifications of Australian universities based on their total and per-academic staff research outputs using the data for the period 1998-2002. We define research performance in terms of audited numbers of PhD completions, publications and grants (in accordance with rules established by the Department of Education, Science and Training). Our analysis indicates that (a) the highest achievers consists of the seven Group of Eight (Go8) universities; (b) the top-three research performers are the Universities of Melbourne, Sydney and Queensland in terms of total research performance and the Universities of Melbourne, Adelaide and Western Australia in per academic staff terms.


The benefits of a school instrumental ensemble include the opportunity for team effort, and the direction, aim and purpose of learning in private teaching. Three categories of group instrumental music commonly found in schools are discussed, namely, the ad hoc groups, the traditional chamber ensemble, and the orchestral groups. The strengths and drawbacks of each category, particularly in terms of repertoire, are also described.


B59 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 conjugates bilirubin, as well as compounds that have been associated with cancer risk, such as estradiol and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-f]-pyridine (PhIP), facilitating their metabolism and excretion. The UGT1A1*28 polymorphism results in lower promoter activity due to 7 thymine-adenine (TA) repeats compared to the more common 6 TA repeats. We showed previously, in an observational study using 3-day food records (Peterson et al., J Nutr, 2005), and in a controlled feeding study (in preparation), that serum bilirubin concentrations (a marker of UGT1A1 activity) were lower in individuals homozygous for the [TA]7-repeat allele (7/7) when exposed to fruits and vegetables, whereas no effect was seen in individuals with the 6/6 and 6/7 genotypes. Our objective here was to determine whether such genotype-diet interactions could be detected using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) from 267 healthy, non-smoking men (n=135) and women (n=132), aged 20-40 y, that provided blood samples for genotyping and serum bilirubin measurements. Daily servings of total fruits and vegetables and groups of plant foods shown to increase UGT activity (cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, and soy foods) were analyzed in separate multivariate linear models to determine their association with natural logarithmic-transformed serum total and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin concentrations. After adjusting for age and UGT1A1 genotype, mean total and indirect serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower among men that consumed 1.5 or more servings/d of total fruit and vegetables compared to those whose consumed less (p


Published laboratory geotechnical data by Masui and co-authors showed that increase in gas hydrates content tend to increase the peak shear strength and stimulate strain softening of the host sediment. Therefore, development of shear strains may lead to an important degradation of the shear strength (strain softening). In the present work, the strain softening of gas hydrate-bearing sediments was implemented in a 3D slope stability model (SAMU-3D). This was done by adding to the classical limit analysis method a shear strain field compatibility equivalent to the velocity field compatibility. Examples of slope failures related to strain softening behavior documented in the literature were used to test the model formulation. The developed model was then used to assess the stability of a steep flank of a shale-cored anticline in the eastern part of the offshore Niger delta. Numerical modeling showed that the formation of gas hydrates in the shallow sedimentary layers could considerably affect the factor of safety of the studied slope. The present work showed clearly that the strain-softening behavior of gas hydrate-bearing sediments has relevance for the stability of submarine slopes.


From August 2012 to March 2013, 107 consecutive patients eligible for thyroid surgery enrolled in the study. All patients underwent FNAC study followed by conventional US, color Doppler US, and US elastography with a real-time instrument. Thyroid nodules ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated during conventional and color Doppler US study and elastography performed in order to calculate the strain index (SI) by dividing the strain value of the nodule by that of the peripheral normal parenchyma, prior to thyroidectomy.


The preparation processes and research status of artificial rutile in China and abroad are reviewed,focusiong on the introduction of the research status and problems in the artificial rutile production technique.Useful inspirations for the development of the artificial rutile production industry in China are provided,some suggestions are also proposed.


Due to strong non-linearity of the seismic waveform inversion problem global optimization methods such as very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) and genetic algorithms (GA) have been employed to estimate model parameters from pre-stack gathers. In this paper we revisit three fundamental issues, namely, the computation speed, layer parameterization, and efficient and accurate computation of posterior probability density (PPD) function. We demonstrate that given a model parameterization, we attain a substantial speed up in computation and obtain accurate estimates of model parameters using 'real coding' unlike conventional 'binary coding'. Although one can apply full scale overparameterization together with smoothing to avoid the problem of layer definition, such an approach is computationally expensive. To address this, we employ a multi-scale GA in which several GAs (each with different scale or layer thickness) are run in parallel. At each generation chromosomes from different scales are swapped using an up-scaling or down-scaling, as appropriate. We pick models in each generation from a proposal distribution that ensures smoothness and physical constraints. Such a multi-scale GA is proven to converge to a stationary distribution, the PPD, and thus our algorithm is an efficient alternative to Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) based on Metropolis-Hastings algorithm or a Gibb's sampler. We demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of our algorithm with application to data generated from well logs. A real coded GA shows a superior performance compared to a binary-coded GA and multi-scale GAs do help in identifying layer boundaries.


In this paper, a mathematical model to describe the spread of an infectious disease on a farm is developed. To analyze the evolution of the infection, the direct transmission from infected individuals and the indirect transmission from the bacteria accumulated in the enclosure are considered. A threshold value of population is obtained to assure the extinction of the disease. When this size of population is exceeded, two control procedures to apply at each time are proposed. For each of them, a maximum number of steps without control and reducing the prevalence of disease is obtained. In addition, a criterion to choose between both procedures is established. Finally, the results are numerically simulated for a hypothetical outbreak on a farm.


[Dhe intraatomic Coulomb interaction effects on the charge state of a moving atom near a metal surface in the time-dependent Newns-Anderson model are investigated in the Hartree-Fock approximation, the electron-hole pair expansion method and the brute force numerical method for a small system. !n the Hartree-Fock approximation, several cases of the time dependence for parameters in the Hamiltonian are examined. The exponential growth of spin polarization on the atom is found. The polarization is described by a rate equation. The oscillatory convergence in time to the equilibrium value appears in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The approximate asymptotic solution is obtained for the long time behavior of the spin polarization and also the detailed analytic property of the solution is diseussed. When initial condition of the system is symmetic in spin space, a symmetry breaking term is necessary to reaeh the spin polarized solution in time-evolution. In the electron-hole ' pair expansion method, the manybody effects are investigated in a speeial ease. In paticular, the memory effects in the interacting case are conjectured to be same as the noninteracting case. In the numerical method for a small system, the manybody ' effects are examined in comparison with the Hartree-IPock results. Frorn the results, it is believed that the ' Hartree-Foek approximation is rather good approximation, but manybody treatment is necessary to examine the fraction of negative ion.


In recent years, substantial attention has been given to the impact of Financial Participation on Financial Performance. However, there is a lack of research of the impact of Financial Performance on Financial Participation and the mediating role of Fnancial Participation between Financial Performance, Employee Recruitment and Employee Retention. In this paper, Financial Performance, Financial Participation, Employee Recruitment and Employee Retention is examined, including two types of financial participation; Employee Stock Options and Profit Sharing. The purpose of this research was to understand the role of financial participation in attracting individuals and retaining them. Non-probability-based convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The technique was used mainly due to ease of access of respondents, geographical proximity and cost-effectiveness (Etikan et al. 2016). Structural Equation Modelling was applied on the data analysis using Partial Least Squares method on SMART-PLS Software. Drawing on the data collected from 211 respondents from various national and multinational companies in the FMCG Sector of Karachi, Pakistan. The results indicated that Financial Participation has important interaction effects with Financial Performance, Employee Recruitment and Employee Retention. It is also found that indirect effect of Financial Participation has a strong mediating relationship with Employee Retention as compared to Employee Recruitment. The findings suggest that by incorporating financial participation by employees, HR can effectively recruit and retain better individuals. Also, ESOPs are a better form of attracting and retaining better employees. Keywords: Employee Stock Ownership, Financial Participation, Profit Sharing, Financial Performance, Employee Recruitment, Employee Retention.


As in any other measurement process, NDE is subject to variability whose impact can be assessed to guarantee a given level of performance. Once NDE prevents catastrophic failures, deaths and environmental damage, identifying uncertainties and variability in NDE help to design more reliable inspections, therefore is a process that saves lives. This is the goal of a reliability study. Statistical indicators such as Probability of Detection (POD) curves give insights to allow building of mechanical designs with enough « secure margin » for structural integrity and to also define appropriate maintenance & inspection cycles. Simulation is very useful to support performance or reliability demonstrations that require a lot of data (such as POD studies and qualification campaigns), and where simulation can help by reducing the number of necessary mock-ups and experimental trials. In addition to physical models, the NDE simulation software CIVA now offers meta-modelling techniques. Built from an initial set of physical simulations, such surrogate models give the user the possibility to generate a massive amount of data while combining and exploring multi parametric variations. This is particularly efficient in the context of reliability studies, when you have to find the best settings, track the worst-case scenario or build POD curves. This paper illustrates the use of this meta-modelling approach for the reliability study of a longitudinal weld AUT inspection. Real pipe mill inspection data are provided and compared to modelling and meta-modelling results.


In order to make a comprehensive,accurate,scientific and reasonable forecast for the ground movement and deformation caused by thin coal seams mining under the building,on the basis of analyzing the relationship between parameters of probability - integral method and geologic and mining conditions,the mathematical model to calculate the parameters of rock movement is established by applying the theory of artificial neural network,making a contribution to enhance the precision of the predicted parameters for mining subsidence.Surface movement and deformation is predicted and analyzed by applying probability integral method.The maximum value of each ground movement and deformation parameter is obtained.Finally,it proposes an optimal mining plan of thin coal seam under the buildings in a mine.The results show that ground displacement and deformation parameters determination using the established mathematical model is reasonable.


The development of career knowledge and career attitude in adolescence is significant to achieve a successful transition to adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess effects of family income and career guidance and counseling experience on changes in career maturity during the transition from high school to college. The study used data from Youth Panel 2007 collected by Korea Employment Information Service. The data included 456 adolescents who were high school students in the first and third waves of survey and college students in the fifth wave of survey. The results suggested that family income was a significant factor affecting the career maturity of adolescents. The experience of career guidance and counseling while in high school had a sustained and positive impact on the career maturity of adolescents even after entering college. Therefore, career education in the secondary educational system should expand continuously. ■ keyword :∣Career Maturity∣Adolescents∣Family Income∣Career Guidance and Counseling∣ * 본 연구는 2017년도 강남대학교 교내연구비 지원에 의해 수행되었습니다. 접수일자 : 2019년 01월 15일 수정일자 : 2019년 01월 30일 심사완료일 : 2019년 02월 11일 교신저자 : 원지영, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 가구 소득과 진로지도 및 상담 경험이 청소년의 진로성숙에 미치는 영향 639