In this section, our basic objective is to show how an understanding of the physical significance of sedimentary structures discussed in preceding chapters can be used in combination to make deductions about the succession of depositional processes and environments involved in a local sequence of rocks, and the ways in which generalized facies models can be formulated. We will work from individual structures, and small groups of structures, showing how the basic "building blocks" of a stratigraphic sequence can be identified and interpreted. We will then discuss the arrangement of the building blocks into specific sequences, and show how a large number of specific sequences can be combined and distilled into a general facies model. Using the fluvial environment as an example, we will examine the range of fluvial facies models that have been proposed, and finally we will attempt interpretations of the models in two contrasting ways--hydrodynamic, as discussed in Chapters 2 and 3, and also in terms of channel morphology.


Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are devices which accept entrance analog signals and generate digital signals corresponding to them, suitable for processing by microprocessors and other digital devices. Requirements to ADCs constantly become tougher: they should provide high frequency and accuracy of transformation, to have a wide bandwidth and the big dynamic range. That's why it is important to design ADC with high accuracy.


Cambridge: Polity Press. Hills, J. (2002) The Struggle for Control of Global Communication: The Formative Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Kieve, J. (1973) The Electric Telegraph: A Social and Economic History. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. Latouche, S. (1996) The Westernization of the World: The Significance, Scope and Limits of the Drive towards Global Uniformity. Cambridge: Polity. McLuhan, M. (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of the Typographic Man. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Rantanen, T. (1997) 'The Globalization of News in the 19th Century', Media, Culture & Society 19(4): 605–20. Robins, K. and Aksoy, A. (2005) 'Whoever Looks Always Finds: Transnational Viewing and Knowledge-Experience', in J. Chalaby (ed.) Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order, pp. 14–42. London: I.B. Tauris. Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunningham, S. (1996) 'Peripheral Vision', in J. Sinclair, E. Jacka and S. Cunningham (eds) New Patterns in Global Television: Peripheral Vision, pp. 1–32. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Standage, T. (1998) The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century's Online Pioneers. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Straubhaar, J. (1997) 'Distinguishing the Global, Regional and National Levels of World Television', in A. Sreberny-Mohammadi, D. Winseck, J. McKenna and O. Boyd-Barrett (eds) Media in Global Context: A Reader, pp. 284–98. London: Arnold. Tharp, M. and Jeong, J. (2001) 'Executive Insights: The Global Network Communications Agency', Journal of International Marketing 9(4): 111–31. Thussu, D.K. (2000) International Communication – Continuity and Change. London: Arnold. Thussu, D.K. (2005) 'The Transnationalization of Television: The Indian Experience', in J. Chalaby (ed.) Transnational Television Worldwide: Towards a New Media Order, pp. 156–72. London: I.B. Tauris. Trumpbour, J. (2002) Selling Hollywood to the World: US and European Struggles for Mastery of the Global Film Industry, 1920–1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tunstall, J. (1986) Communications Deregulation: The Unleashing of America's Communications Industry. Oxford: Blackwell.


This article reports an adaptive optics system to improve the output energy of laser beams. The system can correct the wave front distortion even when the light path is partially blocked. In this study, a method to prevent the system cracking due do light path blocking is introduced. A model of adaptive optics system is built based on the random input and output signals. In addition, a controller is designed based on the model. In the experiment, the beam information is acquired using a device wave front sensor: control signals are calculated using the beam information and the controller, the beam is supervised by a far-field CCD camera. Closed-loop control results show that the system can correct the wavefront aberration, and the laser beam can thus get more convergent and higher in energy in case the light path is partially blocked.


We provide an informal discussion of pattern formation in a finite universe. The global size and shape of the universe is revealed in the pattern of hot and cold spots in the cosmic microwave background. Topological pattern formation can be used to reconstruct the geometry of space, just as gravitational lensing is used to reconstruct the geometry of a lens.


A method is described for adaptively equalizing the ubiquitous feedback path of a hearing aid in order to stabilize the system. The algorithm utilizes an LMS adaptive filter and is implemented in digital form. An additional 10 to 15 dB of stable gain margin has been demonstrated.


Report issued by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory discussing a review of the Radioisotopes Program during 1964. Research and experimental projects conducted during 1964 is presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.


Bisphenol A (BPA) is a phenolic compound with industrial and commercial uses. In the liver BPA undergoes extensive metabolism and is eliminated primarily as a glucuronide conjugate. The data described in this dissertation compared the metabolism BPA in hepatocytes (HC) to that observed with hepatic microsomes (mics). These values were then scaled to predict the total hepatic metabolic clearance (CLmet) and compared to human hepatic blood flow (HBF, 20 ml/min/kg). The mean intrinsic clearance (CLint) for human HC was 126±63 and 149±72 ml/min/kg for male and female HC, respectively. When CLint was scaled to account for HBF, the estimated CLmet values were 16.9 and 17.3 ml/min/kg for male and female HC, respectively. To understand how age, gender, strain and species affects BPA glucuronidation, CLint of BPA was determined from incubations of mics isolated from adult male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (77-day old), newborn (21day) and fetal (gestational day 19 [GD-19]) SD rats. Additional incubations were conducted with mics from adult F-344 rats, CF1 mice and humans. All specimens (HC and mics) were incubated with various concentrations of [C]BPA. The resulting formation of a BPA-glucuronide (predominant metabolite) followed Michaelis Menton kinetics. Mics from adult F-344 rats formed BPA glucuronide at rates similar to those obtained from SD rats. Fetal mics showed a decreased capacity to glucuronidate BPA as compared to microsomes of adult rats. These data demonstrate that the


The invention relates to an anti-human-CPR (C reactive protein) antibody and an application thereof. Multiple antibodies are prepared and subjected to matched screening, and an antibody combination (P24 and P03) with sensitivity and specificity meeting the requirement is obtained; meanwhile, mass production of the antibody combination is facilitated, and the requirement of later large-scale clinical application can be met. The antibody combination is subjected to debugging optimization work by a detection system, a time-resolved immunofluorescence chromatography quantitative detection card for human CPR is obtained and is simple and convenient to operate, and the sensitivity, the specificity and related detection performance of the time-resolved immunofluorescence chromatography quantitative detection card can meet the requirement of human clinical sample detection.


Get highlights from a new CDC report with the most recent number of reported cases, patterns of the outbreak, patient characteristics, and more.


T h e problem of adaptive equalization of hantllimiied cliarrnels has bc::n studied by rcscarcIi('rs for several years. Bantllimitcd systems arise i i i zipplications like adaptive echo cancellation and atlapt ive beamforining. In tliis paper , we propose a new i,IGcient mei2110d for atl;iptive systciil iilentific;i[iolr of bandlimited systems, explicitly using the biuidliri iited property of the unknown system. Tlie new method uses a multirate/multistage approacli. This technique enables us to represent the complete adaptive filter as a cascade of a non-adaptive par t and an adaptive par t . This reduces length of the adaptive filter used in the adaptation procedure. J\'e also show tha t the adaptive filter and algorithm operate a t a rate lower than tlle input da ta rate. This however does not result in any degradation i n pcrCorinance compared to the existing methods l i k e tlie 1,MS method or the suiiband adaptation niethotl. We compare performatice and complexity of the proposed algorithm with tlie existing inethotis. Some sitinulations are also included to support the tlic,ory. I. 1 N T R . O D U C T I O N T h e problem of adaptive equalization of cliaiincls lias been studied by researchers for many years [I,%]. In applications like adaptive echo cancellation [3] aiid adaptive system ident,ifization [l], tile iinlaiown system could be bancllimited. I t has hcen i I o ted in lit er a t u re t li a t telephone 1 in es are ban tll i initetl in nature [4]. In iicIa3,tive echo cancellation for telecoiifcrenciiig [5], t lie echo p a t h iias been ol)wi.\.eti to be bnndlin-iited. A v:avicty of iiicllioils 11:ivc bceii sugg efficiently make use of tliis I,;itidliiiiitedness of tlie syst,enis aiid signals involved in tlie adaptive filtering applications. In [SI, tlic input signal is split i i i to sllijThis \VorIi was supl3orted by National Science Fouiidatioii graiits M I I ~ 89131% aiid h l l i ' 860 a n d by iiiatclring funds l iy Tektronis, Inc. l);\il<ls aiitl :i(lapt,:it ion is I)crforniixl i n eacli s i i l ) l ) a n t l I t has been mentioned iii tlie paper that adaptatioii need not lie done in liiglier frequency liancls i f t,iic! signal is known to he bandlimited, resulting i n a Ict luced coniputat,oiial complexity. Lee ancl Un 1iai.c~ deiiionstrated [6] an efficient block least-nieaii-squai.c: method using decimators or interpolators for implcmentation of ada 11 tive fi 1 ters iiivol ving overs a m plcitl signals. I n this paper, we propose a iicw nictliotl Tor t . l I c adaptive identification of bandlimited systenis, esplicit ly using the bandliniitedness property of t.ltc rtiiknown system. We represent the adapt ive f i l t e r as a cascade of ari ada;Tt,ive and a non-adaptive pari This reduces t,he lei igtl i of the adapt ive filter useti i i i t.lie adaptation procedure. This rep resen ta t ion also tiatiirally leads to a sclienie where the adap t ive fi1tc.i. is iniplementcd a t a rate slower than tlic input, t lat; i r a t e ( in fact, a t tlie slowest, ra te i i i tlie systein). \\ '(> sIio\c t.hat the algorithm lias rediiccd con1put;ltion;il complexity in terms of the amount of coinputatioii done per input sample. Siiiiulatiotis are incllidet1 to show the excellent convergence properties of tlie illgori t 11 m , 11. THE NEW A D A P T A T I O N M E T H O D Consider tlic cliaiiiic-l idei i t ifi(.;it,ioii scl!(-i i ic 0 1 i'ig 1. 'L'llc cliaiiiicl is iissiiiiied t o I)c ii l i i iear t i i r i f . invariant sys t rm with traiisfer fiiiiction C ( z ) Tlr~ adaptive fi l ter is rc l ) resentcxl by corificicnt,s c r , , , ? , ( i = 0. . . . ~ L, 1) ivIicr(: L,, is the leiigt 11 of t h o ntliipti\.c. l i l t c r . Tlie second suliscript iiitlic,;ites tlie t . i inc i t ) procedure, the coelficietits a re updated to minimizc an appropriate measure of the error e ( ? ? ) . If tlic adaptation procedure converges to soiiie steady st.at o values a i , tlieii t h e freqiicncy response of the c o r r ~ sponding filter l ,4 ' (eJw)l resembles the channel frcqiicncy response. st air^ of adaptatioii. I n i l i e a d a p \ i \ e idciitificatioli 740 24ACSSC-1219010740 $1.00


Quantification of mental workload is a significant aspect of monitoring and adaptive aiding systems that are intended to improve the efficiency and safety of human–machine systems. Functional near Infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy is a field-deployable brain monitoring device that provides a measures of cerebral hemodynamic within the prefrontal cortex. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive load by using Performance (reaction time), Behavioral metrics (NASA TLX) and Neuro-Cognitive Measures (Hemodynamic response). To observe the activation in prefrontal cortex, we employed Functional Near Infrared (fNIR) Spectroscopy with a Standard Stroop task. A total of 25 healthy participants (N 18 Male and N 07 Female, M Age 25.5 SD 7.6), participated in the study. For statistical analysis, a repeated measure t-test was computed to compare the Oxy (Δ[HbO2]) and De-Oxy (Δ[hHb]) changes under Congruent and In-Congruent task conditions. For Classification, Binary logistic regression model applied to identify how accurately classifying the varied workload conditions. The finding shows that fNIR measures had adequate predictive power for estimating task performance in workload conditions. In this paper, we have found evidence that fNIR can be used as indicator of cognitive load which is important for optimal human performance.


The aim of this work was to carry out the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of Haematostaphis barteri. The method of cold maceration was used in the extraction by serial exhaustive extraction method which involves successive extraction with solvents of increasing polarity from a non-polar (hexane) to a more polar solvent (methanol) to ensure that a wide polarity range of compound could be extracted. The results showed that flavonoids, terpenes, terpenes, tannins, and saponins are present in all the leaf extracts. The result of the antimicrobial activity obtained from the extracts of the leaf of Haematostaphis barteri revealed that all the crude extracts of the leaf inhibited or exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Penicillium spp. All the extracts did demonstrate antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger. The plant H. barteri is commonly used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea, wound, headache, malaria, dysentery and fevers. The overall results confirm the significance of the use of the plant in traditional medicinal treatment of diarrhea, wound, headache, malaria, dysentery and fevers, in line with reported claims.


The article presents data from a clinical trial to study the efficacy and tolerability of local production montelukast drugs. The clinical efficacy of the drugs was evaluated in points to improve clinical and laboratory data. The study showed positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in all children who received Montelukast drugs. Studies have shown that taking montelukast drugs leads to a decrease in the level of cys-LT, IgE in children with bronchial asthma.


Analytical models are the key tools in the model-based control design of electric drives. The inductances together with the stator resistance are the fundamental parameters of these models. In this study three methods to determine the inductances of the decoupled d–q model of double-star permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machines are studied. These methods have commonly been used to determine the inductances of conventional three-phase PM machines. Two of the evaluated methods are based on the phase-variable inductance waveforms and flux linkages and are thus analysed with finite-element analyses only. The third method, based on the analytical stator voltage equations, can be applied straightforwardly with the real drive system supplied with voltage-source inverters (VSIs). This method requires only the knowledge of the rotor position and the existing current measurements of the VSIs that are used for the current control. Experimental results are provided to verify the applicability of the voltage-equation-based method to determine the inductances. On the average, the presented methods provide similar values, but also some discrepancies between the obtained values can be observed. The measured inductance parameters are validated using model-based closed-loop controllers.


The structure of a new bufadienolide glycoside, cinobufagin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, g‐HMBC and NOESY). The complete assignments of the 13C and 1H spectral data were also carried out. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this article we draw on feminist and psychodynamic theory to discuss processes of researching service provision for minoritised women escaping domestic violence. Our aim is to take seriously the ways particular contexts, in this case as produced by the process of researching this topic, elicit specific responses. In particular we offer some conceptual tools for analysing the emotions generated in these geographies. Taking the 'space' of the research team as our focus, we analyse how culturally defined meanings of 'home', community and refuge that were the focus of our research topic also functioned as a lens through which tensions and dynamics within the project team could be understood. Just as secrecy, silence and shame figured in our participants' accounts, so they circulated between the team. Drawing on the motifs of the intersection of 'space' and 'place' (as they occur within discourses and practices around domestic violence and minoritisation) as well as the psychodynamic notions of 'mirroring' and 'parallel process', we consider the extent to which the combined racialised, gendered and institutional relationships structuring the research team constituted it as a 'non‐place'. This is because it was a space produced by the research process which, other than this, had no acknowledged tradition of history or memory to anchor it. We discuss how this space functioned paradoxically to foster creativity and innovation in generating discourses and practices working across difference, as well as inevitably at times recapitulating prevailing power (including racialised) relationships. We end by evaluating the usefulness of such concepts for wider analyses of intercultural and antiracist feminist practice.


Low tomato production and yield in the country can be attributed to various biotic and abiotic stresses. To mitigate the impact of these challenges, vegetable grafting is gaining popularity worldwide. Furthermore, tomato growers are adopting hybrid varieties, but the majority of them face challenges affording the cost of hybrid seeds. This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate successful tomato grafting techniques aimed at enhancing growth, yield, and fruit quality. This study examined three distinct rootstocks (AS-2565, Bush beefsteak, and Roma vf), three high-yielding scion varieties (Super tomato, Rio-grande, and T-1359), and employed two grafting methods (splice and cleft). Non-grafted plants were maintained as check plants. The grafting methods showed non-significant differences in all studied parameters except grafting success, whereas the scion-rootstock combinations exhibited highly significant differences. The highest grafting success, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and yield per plant were observed in the T-1359 scion grafted onto the Bush beefsteak (BBS) rootstock. Regarding quality characteristics, higher levels of total soluble solids (TSS) and pH were observed in non-grafted Super tomato plants. In terms of vitamin C, titratable acidity (TA), and lycopene content, the T-1359 scion performed better across various rootstocks. In conclusion, T-1359 grafted onto the BBS rootstock proved to be a superior scion-rootstock combination in terms of growth, yield, and quality.


Objective To evaluate the local renin-angiotensin system(RAS)suppressive effect of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Methods In male Wistar rats, ATI1 AS-ODN was locally delivered to one kidney through unilateral injection via renal artery followed by electroporation of the injected kidney. FITC-labeled AS-ODN was used to visualize the localization of transferred ODN on frozen section of the transfected kidney. Renal AT1 suppression was determined by radioautography for receptor binding capacity, RT-PCR for mRNA expression, Western blot as well as immunohistochemistry for protein expression. The effects of ASODN were compared with those caused by AT1 sense ODN (Sen-ODN) or procedure alone (Sham). The gene transfer protocol was optimized in terms of voltage for electroporation and duration of transferred AS-ODN. Results FITC-labeled AS-ODN was distributed mainly in glomeruli of transfected kidney, while it was not detectable in contralateral untransfected kidney. AT1 AS-ODN transfection decreased AT1 binding angiotensin Ⅱ by 70% , mRNA level by 43% and protein expression by 67% compared with those in the contralateral kidney 3 days after transfection. Similarly, AT1 mRNA expression was 47% and 51% less, and protein level was 63% and 71% lower compared to those with Sen-ODN transfections and Sham,respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that reduced AT1 in glomeruli was primarily localized in the mesangium. Conclusions Local transiection of AT1 AS-ODN can effectively inhibit AT1 in transiected glomeruli. This method can be used to study short-term effects of renal RAS.


Image segmentation becomes simpler when the image is made up of smooth images. Many real world images are made up of a variety of smooth and textures regions, all of which need to identified in the segmentation algorithm. In such cases the existing methods fail to produce meaningful segmentation, successfully segmenting only the smooth or textured regions depending on the features used. The segmentation problem can be informally described as the task of partitioning an image into homogeneous regions. But in the textured images one of the main conceptual difficulties is the definition of a homogeneity measure in mathematical terms with of much complexity. By using a clustering algorithm, we can label the pixels of an image to form homogeneous functions or regions. Different clustering algorithms were commonly used in image segmentation algorithms. There are several issues related to image segmentation that require detailed review. The segmentation doesn't perform well if the grey levels of different objects are quite similar. This result in complex texture based image segmentation to use higher filter. But in future this technique used for dimensionality reduction to improve the speed.


Currently the usage of screw extruders for the processing of organic composite materials (WPCs, fuel briquettes , extrusion feed and food products, biodegradable plastic products, organic-mineral fertilizers) becomes a relevant question in the chemical industry. The actuality of the extruder's research confirms large number of publications and patents, many of which are focused on the practical aspects of the usage of the extruders and material's transformation processes in the extruder. The aim of this work is the developing of theoretical approach to the study of the extruder's pre-matrix zone during processing of the organic composite materials. Within the theoretical approach the movement of raw materials in the pre-matrix zone is considered as the fluid motion in a coaxial confusor that needs to be supplemented by information on the rheological characteristics of the raw materials, taking into account the thermal effects. Further theoretical and practical studies should determine the rheological properties of the concrete types of raw materials, the real boundary conditions of flow and ensure the accounting of thermal effects.


Attitude control of a space platform/manipulator system, using internal motion, is an example of a nonholonomic motion plan ning (NMP) problem arising from symmetry and conservation laws. Common to NMP problems are that an admissible con figuration space path is constrained to a given nonholonomic distribution. We formulate the dynamic equations of a system consisting of a 3-DOF PUMA-like manipulator attached to a space platform (e.g., a space station or a satellite) as an NMP problem and discuss the controllability of the system. Then we describe the application of a simple algorithm for obtaining approximate optimal solutions. We conclude with a descrip tion of simulation software implementing the algorithm and simulation results for two experiments.


What lessons can be learned from the financial collapse and rehabilitation of Harvard Pilgrim Health Plan? One managed care expert says many of the factors that hurt Harvard Pilgrim can be seen in other plans across the nation.


This study examines the pattern of active versus passive trading in UK equities over the period 1991-2005. We describe a metric to analyse trading activity and volumes in the UK FTSE350 and AIM markets, with emphasis on industrial and size-based effects. Our findings indicate that active stock picking has been consistently declining in the UK market over the period studied for all markets, size quintiles and in virtually every industrial sector. Moreover, trading patterns reveal a pronounced size effect with significantly less stock picking in larger capitalisation stocks vis-a-vis smaller stocks. Patterns of investment in the AIM suggest an increase in index trading over time but higher overall levels of stock picking relative to the FTSE350 list.


The Automatic Test Systems Development Plan (ATSDP) is a software engineering process control and management plan developed using Quality Air Force (QAF) principles, and periodically refined using metrics and empirical data gathered over many years. QAF is the Air Force's approach to total quality management: a leadership commitment and operating style that inspires trust, teamwork and continuous improvement everywhere in the Air Force. The ATSDP is used to provide a clear roadmap and analysis tool for Test Program Set (TPS) development projects. The ATSDP works, as evidenced by the group's recent success in achieving Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Level 3. The ATSDP does not detail day-to-day programming tasks, nor is it intended to. What the ATSDP does, however, is provide a methodical approach to give all team members, from programmers, upper management, and customers, "ownership" and visibility of key project elements. Thus, a foundation is developed to logically organize, schedule, and track the individual activity lists necessary to complete a TPS project.


Pre-bending machine is one of the most important facilities in the production of LSAW pipe with larger diameter.Overseas technique to produce pre-bending machine has been mature which have high tonnage and efficiency,but its cost is also very high.Aiming at small manufacturing enterprise of steel pipe,the production costs of pre-bending machine could be reduced,and satisfy the needs of minor enterprise by importing the technique of pre-bending machine from other country and modifying design on hydro cylinder of steel plate pre-bending.


In today's globalized economy, multinationals are increasingly asked to take responsibility for various social and environmental issues that were once regarded as the purview of the state, includin...


This study was performed to investigate the effects of occlusal appliance on speech pattern, especially, related to the articulation of vowels and consonants. For this study, twenty dental students, 10 male and 10 female, served as subjects. Subjects were asked to read seven vowels in isolation form and 18 C1V1C2V2 type syllables in a carrier sentence in the four different speech environments speaking without splint(normal), with upper CR splint(up), with lower CR splint(down), and with anterior jig(jig). The recorded speech data were analyzed by CSLⓡ (Computerized Speech Lab, Model 4300B, USA) and Wavesurfer, The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS windowsⓡ(ver. 10.0) program. The results of this study were as follows: F1 values of vowels of the male subjects were not changed by occlusal splints, but those of the female subjects were changed: F1 frequency of /i/, which is a front and high vowel, increased whereas that of /a/, which is a back and low vowel, decreased. F2 values of vowels both of the male and the female subjects decreased by splints. However, the shape and the area of the vowel chart(vowel space) did not show any significant change by splints. Closure duration of plosives /ph, th, kh / allowed differentiation between male and female subjects. As a result, closure duration of the male subjects increased, but that of the female subjects decreased. VOT of both subjects were not changed by splints. Frication noise duration both of an affricate /t호/ and a fricative /s/ did not change by splints, but the pattern of pure frication noise duration and of aspiration duration between an affricate and a fricative were reverse. The frequency of energy distribution types of the frication noise of an affricate was not changed by splints whereas the frequency of those of a fricative was changed, thus the frequency of the scattered type was increased. Peak energy frequency both of an affricate and a fricative were not changed in the male subjects by splints, but those of the female subjects were decreased.


Resumen en: The namban liturgical lacquers that have survived to the present day in churches, monasteries and convents in Portugal and Spain, as well as those found ...


It has been studied how partial substitution of formally 3d
 4
 Fe
 IV
 ions by 3d
 0
 Ti
 IV
 ions influences the charge-disproportionation state and magnetism in Sr
 3
Fe
 2
O
 7
. For this purpose Ruddlesden-Popper-type phases Sr
 3
Fe
 2–x
Ti
 x

O
 7–y
 have been synthesized from the oxides and, in order to reach high oxygen contents, annealed at oxygen pressures up to 70 MPa. The materials were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry, 57
Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistance measurements. From the a-lattice parameters it is derived that in spite of annealing the samples at high oxygen pressures a certain oxygen deficiency occurs which gives rise to an Fe
 III
 fraction increasing with x. Mossbauer spectra evidence a charge disproportionation of Fe
 IV
 in materials with x=0.2 and 0.5, whereas for x=1.0 and 1.5 a mixed-valence state is formed with an Fe
 III
/Fe
 IV
 ratio as derived from sample composition. The isomer shifts and magnetic hyperfine fields suggest a collective electronic state with partial transfer of charge and spin density between the Fe sites in the charge-disproportionation phases. In the samples with x=0.2 and 0.5 the degree of charge and spin separation is increased in comparison with Sr
 3
Fe
 2
O
 7
. The electrical conductivity decreases with increasing x. The magnetism of all the materials is governed by ferro- and antiferro-magnetic exchange interactions which lead for decreasing temperature to a broad transition to an antiferromagnetic state for x=0.2 and to spin-glass behavior for materials with larger x.


The effect of boron and silicon doping on photoluminescence and afterglow properties of the long phosphorescent SrAl 2O 4∶Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ (SAED) phases derived from a sol gel process was systematically investigated. Significant improvements on phosphorescence intensity and the lengthening of afterglow persistent time in boron doped SAED (BSAED) and silicon doped SAED (SSAED) were observed, as compared to those without any impurity doping. The de trapping temperature determined from the thermoluminescence measurements was found to increase in the order: SAEDSSAEDBSAED, which was in good agreement with the trend for afterglow decay rate in all samples. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphological studies indicate that the observed enhancement of afterglow intensity, lengthening of afterglow persistent time, and reduced afterglow decay rate for BSAED and SSAED phases are presumably associated with modification of microstructure phases induced by boron and silicon doping, respectively.


Vanadium undergoes a phase transition upon compression from bcc to rhombohedral structure at 62 GPa. In this paper we confirm the bcc to rhombohedral phase transition at 61.5 GPa under quasi hydros ...


Base on the experience of the urban circles of Japan,this article compares the three Chinese coastal urban circles with the three Japanese counterparts along the Pacific Ocean,concluding that the formation of the coastal urban circles in China corresponds to the international trend as well as Chinese condition.Recent study indicates that the population and economy in China continuously assemble around the three urban circles.


Eukaryotic cells respond to external environment by interpreting signal transduction networks and adjusting their protein levels accordingly. These processes are especially evolved in plants that due to the limited ability to use movement to deal with environmental changes had to increase physiological tolerance. Protein levels in plants are controlled among others by degradation rates. This occurs through protein degradation mechanisms such as ubiquitin-proteasome system, endocytic trafficking and autophagy, which are important for plant growth, development and stress responses. These pathways mostly depend on modification of target proteins with ubiquitin, a process regulated by ubiquitinating enzymes and DUBs (deubiquitinating enzymes).
In this study, I have sought to understand the function of two MPN (Mpr1/Pad1 N-terminal) family DUBs, AMSH1 (ASSOCIATED MOLECULE WITH THE SH3 DOMAIN OF STAM 1) and AMSH3 in Arabidopsis thaliana . AMSH3 was previously demonstrated to interact with ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III), a highly conserved complex involved in such processes as endocytic sorting and autophagy. Knockout of AMSH3 causes a number of intracellular trafficking and vacuolar defects, in consequence leading to a seedling lethal phenotype. The function of AMSH1 was poorly understood before this study.
Like many DUBs, AMSH proteins show substrate specificity towards ubiquitin linkages but not towards target proteins. It is therefore essential that their subcellular localization and DUB activity are strictly controlled, which occurs through interaction with other proteins. As the regulators of AMSH function were mostly unknown, I have conducted a Y2H screen using AMSH proteins as bait and identified ALIX (ALG-2-INTERACTING PROTEIN X). ALIX is a conserved eukaryotic adaptor protein and its homologs are implicated in various cellular processes in animals and fungi, though were not yet characterized in plants.
I have shown in this study that the Arabidopsis ALIX interacts with AMSH1, AMSH3 and ESCRT-III, and that alix null mutants phenocopy amsh3 in seedling lethality. Moreover, I have demonstrated that ALIX is required for the endosomal localization of AMSH3 but does not affect its DUB activity. Altogether, my results prove that ALIX function is essential for proper endocytic trafficking, autophagy and vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis.


A procedure used to demonstrate nucleotide sequence variations that occur in the same region of DNA between individuals within a species, or between alleles in an individual to detect mutations in various genes, such as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or genes responsible for genetic diseases. The method detects different conformations adopted by partially denatured DNA fragments resulting from their specific nucleotide sequences under denaturing conditions. Denatured single-stranded DNA fragments are allowed to partially renature without formation of double-stranded DNA. The particular conformations adopted by each of the renatured fragments depend on each of their specific nucleotide sequences. The fragments are run on polyacrylamide gels to detect subtle changes in migration due to their particular secondary structures. Resulting fragment band in the gel will misalign if any point mutations are present to alter the conformation.


Food industry companies have an obligation to ensure the safety of products by implementing the mandatory requirements laid out for GHP, GMP and HACCP systems. Additionally, they can also implement ISO 22000 requirements. However, retailers additionally require of suppliers an IFS and/or BRC certificate. The article presents the requirements of IFS and BRC standards, with particular emphasis on audits as part of the verification of the requirements. Comparisons of requirements of both standards are also described. IFS/BRC standards compliance certified companies reap numerous benefits, including the opportunity to sell their products to markets throughout the world.


The figure of the Queen is the protagonist of two Aeschylean tragedies: Persians and Oresteia. The staging of Persians, which took place in 472 BCE in Athens, probably caused shock among the Greek spectators of the tragedy at the Theatre of Dionysus, on the slopes of the Acropolis, and in particular among Athenians. In particular, the main character that stands out at the centre of the dramatic composition is the Queen: a mother that is anguished for the fate of her son Xerxes, justifying his errors and presenting him as a disturbed and neurotic being, striving to emulate his father, and moreover misled by bad companies that – the Mother says – have instigated him to perform the insane military campaign against Greece. The dramatic emphasis is on the royal figure of the Queen mother, on her care for the image of power, for the dignity of the king's body, up to her concern for the integrity of the garment of her son Xerxes, torn after the defeat of Salamis. On the set of the early theatre, the second, superb, figure of royalty is Clytaemnestra. Before Aeschylus, the saga of Orestes, as we can reconstruct from literary and iconographic sources, was a traditional story, an epic saga in which the main characters were all male: Agamemnon, the king; Aegisthus, the tyrant; Orestes, the young hero who avenges the murder of the legitimate king – the king-father – and regains the throne. The tradition of this story is interrupted by Aeschylus' dramaturgical invention. His new Oresteia does not focus on Orestes' glorious enterprises. Its protagonist is now Clytaemnestra. She is the main character of the plot and is at the centre of the representation: alongside her, there is the usurper, her lover, Aegisthus. Echoing Ernst Kantorowicz's seminal study The King's Two Bodies, under the guise of the King, Clytaemnestra unveils her body: yet, hers is not the king's double body – the natural king's corpse doubled in a symbolic regal body – but a female one, the body of a mother, the body of the Queen. The male gendered epic – the saga – ends precisely at this turning point and incipit tragoedia.
Keywords: Aeschylus' Persians; Aeschylus' Oresteia; Clytaemnestra; actors' character


Abstract Ancient environments may be interpreted, at least in part, from primary structures in sedimentary rocks. Because such structures are largely developed during deposition, they provide information on the processes involved and on the general geologic and climatic setting. Unfortunately, many sedimentary structures are poorly understood; numerous data are required from the observation of modern sediments and of controlled experiments before positive conclusions can be drawn concerning rock genesis. Stratification and cross-stratification representing a series of types are described with reference to environments in which they are known to have developed. Some of these structures are typical of more than one environment; other structures are represented by two or more varieties in a single environment. Thus, information on natural combinations or associations of structures is especially valuable for paleoecological interpretation.


Like EXAFS, extended appearance potential fine structure (EAPFS) probes the immediate neighborhood of a particular element and thus, unlike most other structural probes, does not require long‐range order. Furthermore, the use of low‐energy electron makes the technique surface sensitive. Because no dipole selection rules apply to electron excitation, explicit calculation must determine the angular momentum of the outgoing final‐state electron and thus the feasibility of Fourier inversion of the data. For excitation of the O 1s core, we find the outgoing electron is overwhelmingly s‐wave. Reaction of Al(100) with about 1‐1/2 equivalent monolayers of oxygen disorders the surface completely (i.e., extinguishes the LEED pattern). For this surface, analysis of the O 1s edge gives an O–Al distance of 1.98±0.05 A, the longer of the two Al–O spacings in bulk Al2O3, which indicates that the oxygen goes under the top layer of Al. For a thick oxide layer on Ni(100), diffraction effects precluded use of the O 1s edge....


The reaction of 4-nitroimidazole (NO2ImH) with AgNO3 and AgBF4 in neutral or weakly acidic aqueous media yielded the insoluble [Ag(NO2Im)] compound, whose infrared and 13C NMR spectra are consistent with a polymeric chain of deprotonated ligands bridging silver atoms via the endocyclic nitrogen atoms. In strongly acidic solution, [Ag(NO2ImH)2]X salts (X = NO3, BF4) were obtained and their crystal structures were determined. [Ag(NO2ImH)2]NO3: monoclinic, P2/n, a = 14.214(1), b = 12.571(2), c = 14.222(1) A, β = 111.38(7)°, Z = 8, R = 0.021, 3443 observed reflections; [Ag(NO2ImH)2]BF4; monoclinic, P21/c, a = 9.543(4), b = 6.478(2), c = 20.869(9) A, β = 90.84(3)°, Z = 4, R = 0.027, 1646 observed reflections. In both compounds, the two-coordinated metal forms roughly collinear bonds to two neutral ligands via the endocyclic nitrogen atom adjacent to the nitro group. One oxygen of each nitro group makes a secondary Ag—O bond near the equatorial plane. The anions are hydrogen bonded to the ligand N—H groups and ...


On one hand, more than 300 global firms have signed onto the UN Global Compact, pledging to demonstrate good global citizenship in the areas of human rights, labor standards, and environmental protection. More than 2,000 corporations now voluntarily report on their environmental and social performance. There has been a proliferation of voluntary corporate and industry codes covering areas ranging from human rights to working conditions, and corporate partnerships with nonprofit organizations have increased substantially. Fifty-four socially responsible mutual funds have been created in the United States and scores more in Canada, Europe, and Japan. Based on the premise that companies that "do good" will also "do well," approximately $1.5 trillion worldwide are now invested according to social or ethical criteria.


Recognition and Management of Patients who are Clinically Deteriorating , This document describes the standards and principles of the NSW Between the Flags (BTF) System for improving the recognition, response to and management of patients who are clinically deteriorating. These standards and principles are to be implemented by NSW Public Health Organisations (as defined in this Policy Directive).


This study aims to clarify the effect of adding nanomaterials on the structural, optical, and electronic properties when added it to a pure polymer. In this research, a poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer (75 atoms) was used. We calculated the Optimized geometry, IR spectrum, the distribution of HOMO and LUMO, and some of electronic properties like (Cohesive energy, Chemical hardness, Chemical softness, Electronegativity, Electron affinity, and Ionization potential) by using density function theory (DFT) and Gauss View program at B3LYP level with bases set SDD, after which we added the nanomaterials TiO2 (titanium oxide) (74 atoms) and Ag (Silver) (74 atoms) to the PVA polymer chain to obtain the nanocomposite and recalculated Characteristics Once again, and we note the effect of adding nanomaterials on the pure polymer, and to make a comparison between those properties for each of the PVA polymer nanocomposites.


BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue to be discussed in this current era due to its increasing prevalence. The burden due to chronic kidney disease is very high especially in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity is high in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The presence of psychiatric illness increases the risk of hospitalisation and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. This study was conducted to assess the psychiatric morbidity of patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS Descriptive research design was used for the study. The sample of the study consisted of 180 patients above the age of 18 years with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. A specially designed pro-forma, ICD 10 symptoms check list, and ICD 10 diagnostic criteria for research are the tools used for the study. RESULTS Most of the patients were from 41 - 50 years age group (27.8 %) with a mean age of 47.43 and majority were males (74.4 %). 45.6 % patients had plan for renal transplant and 62.2 % patients were on twice weekly haemodialysis. The primary diagnosis was chronic glomerulonephritis in 33.9 % and diabetic nephropathy in 32.8 % of study participants. 11.7 % of study participants had IgA nephropathy and 9.4 % of study participants had ischemic renal failure. 23.9% of participants were found to have psychiatric morbidity. The most common psychiatric illness was depression which was reported in 15.0 % of study population. 6.1 % of participants had adjustment disorder, 2.2 % had anxiety disorder and 0.6 % had psychosis. The mean duration of dialysis was 2 years in patients with psychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS A male preponderance was found in the study population. High psychiatric morbidity is found among patients undergoing haemodialysis and depression is the most common psychiatric disorder identified. KEYWORDS Psychiatric Morbidity, Haemodialysis


The uniaxial spliting tensil strength tests of backfill,at a different ratio of filling materials,in the special large-size stope in An'qing copper mine were made.According to the measured full stress-strain curve,the damage evalution and constitutive equation of backfill in the state of tensile stress was formulated and the damage constitutive relation and damages variables were analyzed.The coincidence of theoretic curve and test curve can be better.The test results can be reference to the engineering analysis and design concerned.


Grazing height of limpograss pastures is thought to be important in determining pasture performance and cattle weight gains, but this has not been tested under continuous grazing. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of grazing limpograss pastures (continuous grazing) to heights of 8, 16, or 24 in during two summers and providing a non-protein nitrogen supplement to yearling beef heifers on forage characteristics, heifer average daily gain (ADG), and invasion of the pasture by grass weeds (vaseygrass and bermudagrass). Limpograss crude protein (CP) and digestibility (IVOMD) were generally higher with shorter grazing heights. Average daily gain was greatest for cattle grazing 16-in pastures and increased due to supplementation only for cattle grazing 8and 24-in tall pastures. Number of vaseygrass plants in the pasture declined for all grazing heights, but the decline was greatest for the 8-in height. When grazed to 8 in, however, common bermudagrass invasion of pastures was greatest. Continuous grazing of limpograss pastures to approximately a 16-in height during summer appears to provide better pasture persistence and heifer performance than the other heights tested. Introduction


Dance improvisation, as developed in the UK and the US in particular, has become associated with a number of tropes that apparently offer means of best practice. By attending to a few of these, I examine how they might offer insight into dance improvisation. This incorporates research into ways in which improvisation is a part of everyday life, as demonstrated most clearly in examples of infant movement and cognitive development. Taking Henry Montes and Marcus Coates's dance film A Question of Movement as a case study example, I consider how their innovative way of dancing responses to life questions connects with the infant's reliance on 'thinking in movement', a term offered by Maxine Sheets-Johnstone. Finally, I consider what dancers can learn from people living with chronic dementia-related diseases who forge ways to live in a perpetual present and, conversely, what insight dancers might offer through integration of dance improvisatory processes in caregiving.


Aerosol particle number concentrations and size distributions affect our climate by determining the formation of cloud droplets and thus altering the cloud reflective properties. The aerosol-cloud interactions are one of the main uncertainties in estimating the future climate change. One of the weaknesses in current climate modelling is the description of number emissions and size distributions of particles. Here, we present the first global results of implementing particle number emission factors to GAINS emission scenario model and discuss the related uncertainties. The uncertainties for different source sectors vary significantly, causing a steep difference in total uncertainties in different parts of the world. The reason for these uncertainties is the scarcity of data on particle number size distributions for certain sources. The implemented particle number emission factors, however, are expected to be a significant improvement over previously applied particle number emissions estimates in climate modelling.


The national park Dalby Soderskog is situated ten kilometres east of Lund and has
been a national park since 1918. The vegetation consists of a deciduous forest of Oak,
Beech, Elm, Ash and Alden. The forest is also famous thanks to its rich spring flora of
among others Anemone nemorosa, Anemone ranunculoides and Corýdalis bulbosa. In
the summer of 1921 a map was drawn that shows the distribution of Dalby Soderskog
along with every tree in it (figure 1). This paper is based on that very map, but also on
other tree enumeration in the 20th century, such as one in 1935 when the young trees
in Dalby Soderskog were measured. During the years of 1928 to 1936 Lennart
Lindquist made a study concerning the hydro geographical conditions in Dalby
Soderskog.
The aim of this study was first to digitise the 1921-map using ArcGIS9 then, using
field measurements, to check if there were any changes in the tree composition
comparing 1921 and present. It is also interesting to see if any particular tree species
are concentrated to a special area, and in that case why.
To make a digitalisation of and to place the coordinates in the tree map, some
fieldwork like collecting measuring points was needed. These points were used to fit
the map into the right coordinate system. The coordinates were taken at trees that
could be found both on the map and in reality. Within a ten metres radius every tree
was measured regarding its diameter. In order to digitise the map it was needed in a
digital format and was therefore scanned and saved as a TIF file to be used in
ArcGIS9. Every tree and measuring point was digitised and buffers with a ten metres
radius were created to be compared with the distribution of trees today.
The trees were divided into four groups according to its diameter size; group I (15-29
cm), group II (30-59 cm), group III (60-89 cm) and group IV (>90 cm). A study of the
forest's rejuvenation was also made on every tree that had reached a height of 120 cm
and that had a diameter of <10 cm to be compared to the rejuvenation coefficients of
Lindquist from 1935. According to the diagrams (figure 26-29) beech was the
dominant tree in groups I, III and IV in 1921. Group II was dominated by elm. Today
groups I and II are dominated by elm, group III by beech and oak and group IV also
by beech. Looking at the total amount of trees at the measuring points, you can see
that elm has almost doubled while ash and beech have only increased with a few trees.
Oak and the remaining trees have decreased with a couple of specimens. If you look
at the rejuvenation of trees, that is the amount of young trees compared to the amount
of older trees, you will find that the ash had the better coefficient in 1921 while the
oak already then had the lowest rejuvenation rate. Today the elm has the fastest
rejuvenation rate but it and all the other tree species have shown a major decrease in
rejuvenation rate. The oak has apparently no rejuvenation today what so ever in the
measuring points.
The map showing the hydro geographical conditions was compared with the original
map to see if there was any connection between the water depth and the tree
distribution. A few connections were found, showing that the alder prefers to stand
with the roots in water while beech and elm grow better on a non-saturated ground. In
the end the oak has probably no chance of survival unless drastic measures are taken,
probably at the cost of other species.


Topics discussed in this study, "Analysis of expression in poetry Rahi Mo'ayyeri industry" is. The aim of this study is the identification of functional forms of cucumbers in the poems of Rahi Mo'ayyeri. Rahi imagination and Illustrations range is very wide. He is Tansth expression of all industry and serves as a beautiful place to explain their thinking and imagination. Most of the literary works in poetry Rahi of simile and its variants is nearly 700 times used his poems and literary industries for more than forty-three percent is allocated. The art industry is creating mental imagery for a number of times later in the analogy, metaphor is the highest degree of performance art and literary imagery and language is the most power and more than six hundred times in the poems of Rahi use and nearly forty percent figures to be included. Rahi of metaphor and allegory to express their ideas and imagination used. Nearly two hundred times ironic expression (nearly thirteen percentage figures) and seventy-time virtual function language (nearly five per cent of the figures) in the poem we see Rahi. Total industry in 1555 about the words used in his poems. Among the fantastic literary industry, likened the industry with the lowest frequency is the highest frequency and allowed industry


1. Citizens For Justice and Peace Mumbai, April 14, 2009 CJP's Rebuttal on Media Coverage of Supreme Court Proceedings, April 13, 2009 The report in sections of the national media dated April 14,…


Pygmalion effect is a very important concept in educational psychology which is beneficial to teaching,and teachers of English need to have a very thorough understanding of this effect in order to improve their teaching methodology.


This paper represents an attempt to systematically describe the behavior of the teacher in an informal, or open classroom. It derives from a concern with the ways in which the teacher in such a setting performs the critical functions of maintaining purposeful activity on the part of the children, directing them to tasks and activities she deems appropriate and engaging in direct instruction of various kinds. The data to be reported were collected in an infant school (serving 5-7-year-olds) in a poor working-class district in southeast London. The school was an extremely informal one: even in the basic skill areas of mathematics and reading there were no regularly assigned lessons or scheduled activities. As a result, the total burden of instruction had to be carried by the informal and unprogrammed encounters between teacher and child (and, of course, between children, and between child and learning material). Thus, the school provided an excellent laboratory in which to study the characteristics of teacher behavior in an individualized educational system where no formal statement of objectives, no formal evaluation and few programmed materials were used.


A series of different catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using P25 (nano-titanium dioxide), Mt (montmorillonite) and ZSM-5 as supports, and Mn, Cu, Ce, Co and Fe as active components. The effects of catalytic oxidation were investigated to investigate the factors affecting the catalytic oxidation of toluene. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD and SEM. The surface morphology and pore size and pore volume were observed. It was found that MnCu0.5Ce2On/P25 had the best removal effect on toluene under the condition of 3% O2 and temperature of 240 °C. Combined with the characterization results, the pore size and pore volume are relatively large, which is beneficial to increase the selective adsorption of toluene and increase the dispersion of active components, so that the metal oxide of the active component is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, and the catalyst is increased. The surface active site enhances the performance of catalytic oxidation of toluene.


The close relationship between semantics and pragmatics has made it difficult to set a clear boundary between them.Dicussion of the relationship can date back to Morris, whose semiotic trichotomy was taken up by Carnap. Leech, Levinson, Bach and Huang also tried to make a distinction between the two, but no consensus has been reached.


The ethanol leaf extract of Tithonia diversifolia was studied in-vitro and in-vivo for activity against trypanosoma brucei brucei in albino rats. Phytochemical study and acute toxicity test were also carried out for the plant extract. The phytochemical results reveal the presence of Terpenoids, steroids, reducing sugar, alkaloids, phenol and flavonoids in high concentration. The lethality dose (LD50) result of the plants extract is found to be equal to or greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. The ethanol extracts showed appreciably high in-vitro and in-vivo anti-trypanosomal activities compared to the reference drug. Motility of trypanosoma brucei was stopped by the ethanol extract of the leaf after 40 minutes at concentration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The packed cell volume (PCV) showed nonsignificant (P>0.05) increase in the rats infected with T. brucei brucei treated with varying doses of T. diversifolia compared with the PCV of rats infected and administered 0.5 ml of distilled water. The in-vitro and invivo antitrypanosomial activity exhibited by the extracts might be attributed to the bioactive compounds present in the plant extract. [Damilola Alex OMOBOYOWA, O.T. SONIRAN, Kerian Chigozie NGOBIDI and Garba Jeremiah DANLDI. InVivo and In –Vitro Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Tithonia diversifolia Ethanol Leaf Extract on Typanosoma brucei brucei Infected Rats. J Am Sci 2020;16(11):96-102]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas161120.09.


SUMMARY Designing and testing flight control algorithms for quadrotor UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) is not an easy task due to the risk of possible danger and damage during the practical flight. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the flight control implementation, a low-cost real-time HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) testbed for quadrotor UAVs is developed in this paper. To realize the HILS testbed, a miniature quadrotor is used as the main body, equipped with a micro AHRS (attitude heading reference system) unit and a self-build DSP (digital signal processor) board. The HILS is implemented by using xPC target. A compact PC/104 computer is utilized as the target computer, and a laptop PC is employed as the host computer. A desktop PC is used as flight visualization computer which runs FlightGear and Google Earth to show visual data, such as orientation and flight path of the quadrotor UAV. This testbed can be utilized for simulating various flight control algorithms, without losing safeness and reliableness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed testbed, a new nonlinear adaptive sliding mode based stabilization control algorithm is developed and verified on the HILS testbed.


In this paper, a noisy speech enhancement method based on noise compensation performed on short time phase spectrum is presented. Here the noise estimate to be used to modify the noisy speech phase spectrum is proposed to be determined by exploiting the low frequency regions of noisy speech of current frame rather than depending only on the initial silence frames. We argue that this approach of noise estimation offers the capability of the tracking the time variation of the non-stationary noise. By employing the noise estimates thus obtained, a procedure is formulated to compensate the distortion in the phase spectrum, which is kept unchanged in the typical speech enhancement methods. The noise compensated phase spectrum is then recombined with the magnitude spectrum to produce a modified complex spectrum prior to synthesize an enhanced frame. Extensive simulations are carried out using NOIZEUS database in order evaluate the performance of proposed method. It is shown in terms of objective measures, spectrogram analysis and informal subjective listening tests that the proposed method consistently outperforms a state-of-the-art method of speech enhancement from noisy speech corrupted by car or babble noise of very low levels of SNR.


Diabetic nephropathy (DN) associated with morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Mesangial cell proliferation is known as the major pathologic features such as glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Oryeongsan (ORS), traditional herbal formula, is widely used for the treatment of nephrosis, dropsy, and uremia.


Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the related factors of adherence to infection prevention and control practices (IPCPs) in dental clinics during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods: We surveyed 137 dental hygienists working in dental clinics in November 2021. We considered demographic characteristics, workplace characteristics, COVID-19 experiences, and motivation to IPCPs as independent variables. We performed multivariable regression modeling for adherence to IPCPs using the stepwise-selection method. Results: Dental hygienists properly adhered to recommended IPCPs if they were 30 years old or above (B = 0.31, p = 0.014), if their clinic employed infection control practitioners (B = 0.79, p = 0.001), and if they gained a will to adhere IPCPs after treating patients who were very conscious about hygiene (B = 0.26, p = 0.020). The interaction between dental hygienists' age and the employment status of infection control practitioners was significant (p = 0.047). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 epidemic, dental hygienists' age, the employment status of infection control practitioners in clinics, and their motivation to adhere IPCPs after treating patients who were very conscious about hygiene were significantly associated with their adherence to recommended IPCPs.


We apply the business cycle accounting methodology proposed by Chari, Kehoe, and McGrattan to identify the sources of Spanish business fluctuations during two outstanding cyclical episodes: the recession alongside the transition to democracy in 1977 and the great recession of 2008. We find that the labor wedge played a key role during both recessions and that taxes and labor market institutions are likely behind the wedge movements. We conclude that any model that tries to understand the causes of recessions that occurred in the last three decades should focus on the labor wedge.


In this paper we use the return data of A-share indices to study the effect by employing the EGARCH-M models. After controlling the asymmetric GARCH-M properties, this research finds a strong day of the week effect in both A-share markets and possibly a January effect and Mark Twin effect, especially in Shanghai. As for the day of the week effect,this research finds that Monday and Thursday tend to have negative abnormal returns whereas Friday tends to have positive abnormal return, in which, the latter is more significant than the formal ones.


The optimal solution is presented to a cooperative game which is described by a common quadratic cost functional subject to linear ordinary differential equation constraints. The optimal feedback controller is constructed for both players when all components of the state vector can be measured. For the case that only some components of the state vector are available, the optimal feedback controller is designed using a dynamic observer. As a specific application, the approach is used in determining the optimal feedback controllers for two satellites which are performing a rendezvous on a circular orbit. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the applicability of the approach.


The Firing Squad Synchronization Problem (FSSP) is an old problem in theoretical Computer Science concerned with the synchronization of identical automata on lines of arbitrary length. Recent work by Umeo and Yanagihara explored partial solutions for the FSSP, where the original problem is relaxed to require synchronization only for some infinite proper subset of lengths. Umeo, Kamikawa and Yunes (UKY) investigated ring partial solutions, and found, via exhaustive testing of automata on a small number of lengths, that there are at most 17 4-state, symmetric candidate partial solutions for power-of-2 lengths greater than 1 (powers-of-2 solutions). They similarly tested and surmised the non-existence of 3-state ring partial solutions. This thesis extends UKY's work on rings as follows.
First, we devise a search procedure for partial solutions that backtracks on repeated configurations. We apply it to show that there are at most 97 candidate powers-of-2 solutions, 17 of which are UKY's symmetric ones, and 80 are new asymmetric ones. From this result we infer the non-existence of 4-state ring full solutions.
Second, we prove the powers-of-2 candidate solutions by introducing exponential rulesets, which are rulesets parameterized by exponents. We devise a procedure to generate exponential rulesets from an underlying ruleset. We apply this procedure to the candidate solutions to obtain a small, common set of exponential rulesets, which are then used to prove the candidate solutions.
Third, we devise a backtracking search procedure for firing exponential rulesets, i.e., exponential rulesets that synchronize. We use it to discover numerous firing exponential rulesets, effectively finding ring partial solutions for the FSSP generalized to nullities other than 2.
Last, we use de Bruijn subgraphs of ruleset minimal segments to prove the non-existence of 3-state ring partial solutions. We also provide an alternate computer-aided proof using firing transition graphs. These proofs suggest that graph-theoretic methods can be good starting points for resolving less tractable FSSP impossibility results.
An underlying theme of this thesis is the use of algorithmic techniques in formulating proofs of FSSP results. Our work shows that a judicious mix of analytic and computational methods is an effective way to approach the FSSP.


The aim of this study was to investigate mast cell (MCs) distribution in the vicinity of the needle tract formed after acupuncture in Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in rats. MCs were detected by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated quantitatively. It was established that after acupuncture in ST36 acupoint the integrity of the epithelium, dermis, subcutaneous connective tissue, fascia, epimysium and striated muscles was disrupted and folded to the direction of the needle tract. In the thickened connective tissue MCs were observed close to the needle tract, without visible differences in their number along the tract, but most of them were with signs of degranulation, possibly due to acupuncture. It could be presumed that acupuncture in ST36 caused recruitment and activation of MCs followed by degranulation which most probably influenced the local microenvironment.


ABSTRACT A food industry waste, almond shell, was pyrolyzed under three different environment static, nitrogen, and steam to produce bio-oil and its derivatives. The oil yield obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600°C was 24.23% in a static atmosphere, whereas it increased to 27.25% and 33.05% in nitrogen and steam atmospheres, respectively. The bio-oil obtained under steam atmosphere is very efficient due to the production of high liquid and gas yields. Moreover, co-feeding steam during the pyrolysis altered the bio-oil structure by increasing the aliphatics and reducing the asphaltenes. Moreover, steam treatment also increases H/C and heating value of bio-oils. According to the obtained results, steam pyrolysis is an alternative option for future applications in refineries.


ABSTRACT 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance proved to be an advantageous tool to determine the stereoregularity of polystyrene polymers. The latter was achieved through the analysis of the signal of the quaternary carbon and that of the carbon-p in the aromatic ring too. Styrene was polymerized through microwaves and conventional heating activation using two different polymerization techniques: emulsion and bulk. Microwave activation was performed in a mono-modal type device under the following experimental conditions: various initiator concentrations, an average irradiation power of 50 W, temperature of 70°C, and using a batch reactor for emulsion and bulk experiments. The results obtained in these experiments were compared with those obtained by conventional heating activation polymerization under the same initiator concentration and temperature conditions. Microwave-activated reactions resulted in shorter reaction times and higher yields. The tacticity of the polymer samples was not significantly altered, which lead to the conclusion that, in this case, the stereoregularity of polystyrene was not influenced by microwave irradiation.


A class of potential users of high speed communication networks is the class of engineers and scientists who will be using parallel supercomputers from a remote site. The existing networks are too slow to support even the existing communication requirements of the parallel machine. Thus there is a need of high speed communication networks which will not only support the existing communications requirements, but also be easily scaled for future needs. Two possible approaches to the problem of high speed communication for parallel supercomputers are: (i) a monolithic approach; and (ii) a parallel approach. The monolithic consists of collecting data at one place from various processors of the parallel machine before sending it across a high speed communications network. This approach has an obvious bottleneck of collecting data at one place and it also assumes availability of a very high speed singe communication link. In this paper we investigate the parallel network approach when one of the node is a parallel supercomputer such as INTEL Delta machine. In this paper we show the interaction between network protocol parameters, network environmental parameters, hardware characteristics, and features necessitated by the parallel approach and their impact on performance. As a result we are now in a position to design and implement a network node which can send (and receive), for a single application running on k processors, over m physical channels, using n processors for protocol processing with k, m and n all different.


The added exibility of Studentt processes (TPs) over Gaussian processes (GPs) robusties inference in outlier-contaminated noisy data. The uncertainties are better accounted for than in GP regression, because the predictive covariances explicitly depend on the training observations. For an entangled noise model, the canonical-form TP regression problem can be solved analytically, but the naive TP and GP solutions share the same cubic computational cost in the number of training observations. We show how a large class of temporal TP regression models can be reformulated as state space models, and how a forward ltering and backward smoothing recursion can be derived for solving the inference analytically in linear time complexity. This is a novel nding


The photochemical carbonylation of benzene catalyzed by Pt(PMe 3) 2(CO) 2 and Pt(diphos)(CO) 2(diphos = d( t Bu)Pe, dCyhPe, dCypPe, Ph( t Bu)Pe) was studied using the method of "in situ" reaction under 1.013×10 5 Pa pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature. Benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in the reaction products were identified by GC MS. Results show that the catalytic activities of catalysts used in this work in the photochemical carbonylation of benzene are high and are nearly the same as those of Rh(diphos)(CO)Cl and Ni(diphos)(CO) 2 complexes.


In this article, we contribute to an emerging body of literature concerning the often-overlooked topics of access and consent in research. We posit our understanding of access and consent as continuous ethical reflection and negotiation, conceptualised here as ethical performance, which is particularly valuable in research in institutional contexts defined by numerous power asymmetries. We draw empirically from research on street-level institutional encounters between social work practitioners and migrant-background service users in the Helsinki capital region. Access in this research was a multi-stage process including various stage-related negotiations, and the previous stages always influenced the stages that followed. Nevertheless, access and consent were always erratic and subject to revision. We describe how the need for ethical reflexivity arises in various concrete, often unpredictable, situations, and argue for the importance of paying explicit analytical attention to negotiations regarding access and consent.


The Comprehensive Child Development Act of 1988 provided for the establishment of Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP) projects to be administered by the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF). A total of 24 CCDP projects were funded through 1990. The CCDP works with the family as a unit and integrates services across agencies. Services provided include child health care, licensed day care, developmentally appropriate education, and vocational training for parents. This document repors the findings of the ACYF's first evaluation of the CCDP projects. Findings are discussed in terms of: (1) the CCDP project sites; (2) the families enrolled in the projects; (3) interagency coordination and special issues encountered in implementing projects; (4) the case management format of service delivery and the services provided by the projects; (5) attrition; and (6) site visits. Factors that facilitated project start-up are discussed and some early successes are reported. Two extensive appendixes include a description of management support activities and products, and profiles of the 24 CCDP programs. Each profile describes the project's area of operation and philosophy, and lists the services provided to adults and children. (BC) ********************************ft************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***************************************************************t*******


In numerous engineering systems it is essential to know the vibrational behavior. Often laser vibrometers are used for vibration measurements. But this point should be considered that method utilization because of complex volume of source of vibration is difficult. To alleviate this problem several other methods were recommended such as Near Field Acoustical Holography and Inverse Numerical Acoustics. Vibrational properties knowledge helps in design, control and reduce undesirable vibration, but direct measurement is difficult and contain significant errors. The aim of this paper is the presentation of an efficient method using acoustics that can obtain vibrational properties by measuring other quantities, like fluid pressure dynamics somewhere near the structure. This procedure is based on inverse analysis that is more intricate than direct analysis.


The current state of investigations into thermal spraying of metallic and ceramic materials is characterised by the search for new scientific and technical solutions which would greatly expand the range of materials that can be processed by high-temperature spraying, in particular, the increase of the quality of sprayed coatings and improvement of the bonding strength with the protected component. An important role in this direction is played both by the further development of the spraying processes (plasma, detonation and high-speed, gas-flame HVOF methods) and the large improvement of the properties of deposited coatings as a result of the application of new materials, mainly composite ones. It is well known that this can be achieved by producing coatings from completely melted particles sprayed at a high speed. This condition is satisfied by high-speed spraying methods, based on the dispersion of metallic bars, rods and ceramic bars. However, not all materials can be produced in the form of wire. Ceramic bars make it possible to produce high-quality coatings, but the spraying process is characterised by an intermittent course and is very difficult to mechanise. Therefore, special attention has been given recently in thermal spraying to the application of certain types of consumable materials, for example, Sfecord flexible cords produced in Russia by the Russian-French company Tekhnikord in accordance with the know-how of the company SNMI (Société Nouvelle de Metallisation Industries). Flexible cords have been developed for application in gas-flame metallising systems and represent a composite material of the wire type, consisting of a powder filler and an organic binder, which completely disappears in deposition of coatings (sublimation during heating at 400 °C without any deposition on the substrate). The technology of fabrication of flexible cords is based on the extrusion method and makes it possible to produce an almost unlimited amount of materials which could not be produced (or are difficult to produce) by metallurgical methods. The filler powders are represented by the powders of ceramics, metal carbides, metallic alloys and pure metals, as well as different mixtures of metallic powders together with each other, carbides or with ceramics. Because of ecological considerations, the organic binder is made of a material based on cellulose. The compacting technology has no stringent requirements on the grain size composition and shape of the powder particles, resulting in high economic efficiency of the process. To ensure that the cord is flexible and strong, its surface is additionally covered with a shell of a very thin organic film which completely sublimates (like the organic plasticising agent) during spraying. In addition, the shell of the cord prevents wear of components of the spraying system (working nozzle) as a result of contact with the powder particles, which are usually very hard, and increases the service life of equipment. The relatively low feed speeds of the cord through the flame of the torch result in efficient melting of the particles of the sprayed material and in a correspondingly higher bonding strength of the particles of the substrate, with reduced porosity. Therefore, when spraying cords, it is not necessary to use the transport gas, heating of the powder fillers is realised and there are far more favourable conditions in comparison with the powder systems characterised by the 'cooling' effect of the flame. The application of the flexible cords shows high stability of the supply of the sprayed material into the spraying zone and flexible possibilities as regards controlling the consumption of material. As in metallising, in spraying using flexible cords the source of kinetic energy is compressed air. It has two functions: accelerates the process of sublimation of the shell and the binding material; accelerates the melted particles resulting in the transport to the substrate. The velocity of the particles may reach 180 m/sec when using an oxy-acetylene flame, when using propane it may reach 250 m/sec in subsonic regime and more than 300 m/sec in the case of supersonic jet discharge. The beneficial conditions of heating and high velocity of the particles result in the formation of coatings whose physico-mechanical properties (for coatings of the same type) are not inferior to those of the plasma coatings from composite materials. As regards reproducibility of the properties, they are greatly superior to gas flame (and in a number of cases plasma) coatings of powders.


A Research Project Report Submitted to the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Literature of Kenyatta University, 2017. April 2017


Many of the issues relating to khat use in the UK context are contested and complex. As a result, it is a complicated area for drug and social policy researchers, drug treatment practitioners and policy makers, a number of who might have limited knowledge of the substance and its impacts. However, these realities should not obscure the importance of the issue to a number of policy areas including public health, criminal justice, local communities, and multiculturalism. It is possible to identify several factors that have contributed to the increased level of political and research attention the 'khat question' has received over recent years in the UK. It is the intention of this editorial to highlight the most significant of these whilst also considering the current socio-political position which influences attitudes towards khat use. In order to do this, some relevant contextual factors will also be discussed. For centuries, khat (Catha edulis) has played an important role in the social life of a number of East African and Arabian countries, with Somalia and Yemen often cited as the countries in which consumption has been, and remains, most prevalent (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA], 2011; Odenwald, Warfa, Bhui, & Elbert, 2010; Sykes et al., 2010; Varisco, 1986). Migration from these countries, particularly Somalia, to the UK, combined with the development of transportation mechanisms that have made it possible to deliver 'fresh khat' to this country, has resulted in both increased demand and availability in many UK towns and cities. Khat is usually sold for between £3 and £5 a bundle in 'Mafrishi' or khat cafes, although it is sometimes purchased from other sources such as fruit and vegetable shops or news kiosks. The effects of khat chewing (the main mode of ingestion) are variously described as being akin to 'a strong cup of coffee' (Patel, 2008) or 'similar to those of amphetamine, but with a lower potency' (Griffiths et al., 2010, p. 5). It is suggested that a 'typical user' might chew two or three times a week, with only 10% or fewer doing so every day (Patel, 2008; Sykes et al., 2010). The legal status of khat across Europe and beyond provides clear evidence of a lack of consensus and/or consistent approach (Odenwald et al., 2010). At the international level, despite being the subject of a number of reviews, the official position of the World Health Organisation (WHO) is that there is insufficient evidence to justify scheduling khat as a controlled substance (WHO, 2006). However, the active ingredients (cathine and cathinone) and, significantly, as many as 15 synthetic derivatives, are subject to control under international legislation (EMCDDA, 2011). Khat is banned in 15 EU member states and is scheduled as a Class 1 narcotic in the USA. The UK and Holland are regarded as the main 'distribution hubs' from which khat is re-exported to both other European countries and North America (Anderson, Beckerleg, Hailu, & Klein, 2007; Griffiths et al., 2010). There is criticism from a number of sources of the UK position of allowing khat to be freely imported and traded as a vegetable. Among the most prominent of these are members of communities that have historically been consumers of khat (primarily Somali, Yemeni and Ethiopian) who call for a complete ban on import and sale. Although certainly vocal and not without significant support, it is difficult to gauge the proportion of such populations in favour of total prohibition, a fact acknowledged by Sykes et al. (2010) amongst others. It is, however, worth mentioning that it is a gendered debate with women more likely to be in favour of a ban. A number of local and national-level politicians are also advocates of a complete ban, with current Conservative Party chairwoman, Warsi (2008), having gone on record in 2008 to assert that 'a future Conservative government would legislate to make khat a classified drug' (The Guardian, June 15, 2008). Other commentators have highlighted the potential for some form of regulation/ restrictions on sale to provide a compromise solution that could address many of the more regularly cited problems (a variety of mental and physical health issues and concerns about family/community dynamics), but without criminalizing consumption (Klein, 2011; Odenwald et al., 2010). In 2010, the current UK Coalition government requested the ACMD to re-review the evidence in order to inform the evolution of policy. Within UK communities with a tradition of khat use, one of the main aspects of the debate concerns the extent to which khat chewing should be seen as an important part of their cultural or social life. Patel (2008, p. 39) suggests that 'the use of khat in a variety of social and practical functions is traditional and


Investigating the deep structure of Gaussian scale space images, one needs to understand the behaviour of critical points under the influence of blurring. We show how the mathematical framework of catastrophe theory can be used to describe the various different types of annihilations and creations of pairs of critical points. This knowledge can be exploited in the use of the scale space hierarchy tree and the scale space pre-segmentation, e.g.to maintain symmetric structures in the image. We clarify the theory with some artificial images and a simulated MR image. keywords: scale space, catastrophe theory, critical points, topology, deep structure, multi-scale segmentation.


AIM: The triple negative breast cancer is a very aggressive type of breast cancer which constituting approximately 10-15% of all cases. Despite the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, 5-year disease-free survival rates are lower than other types. Response to treatment may indicate patients' long-term outcome. Several studies are associated with pathological complete response , improved disease-free survival and overall survival . Residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy shows the tumor resistance to treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between pathological complete response and tumor characteristics.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data of 53 triple negative breast cancer patients who were operated at one center after neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2015-2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The data analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS IBM version 25.
RESULTS: In the evaluation of 53 patients between the ages of 28 and 81 (mean: 50.7), pathological complete response was obtained in 21 of the patients (39.6 %), while 32 (60.4 %) were found to have an incomplete response or no response. Absence of axillary lymph node metastasis before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high Ki-67 proliferation index and absence of extracapsular invasion in metastatic LN were associated with pathological complete response; Other clinicopathologic parameters were found to have no effect on the results.
DISCUSSION: Patients with a high Ki-67 proliferation index and no axillary involvement are more likely to have a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: It can be predicted that the prognosis may be better in patients with high Ki-67 proliferastion index and no axillary involvement .


The three-dimensional photonic crystal optical waveguide production method of an inverted colloidal opal structure self-assembly method of patterning the photonic crystal, and using the same are disclosed. Patterning method of the photonic crystal according to the present invention, each separated from each other as-deposited first and the second conductive film in a region other than the region corresponding to the pattern of the photonic crystal to be formed on the substrate, and growing the photonic crystal by Dip-coating method when, respectively, by applying a specific direct-current voltage of the first and the second conductive film, there is provided a photonic crystal of the desired pattern. According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture the colloidal photonic crystals of different types, depending on the design of the electrode is patterned on a substrate. Further, by using a patterning method of a photonic crystal using a patterned electrode, it can be produced a three-dimensional photonic crystal optical waveguide of the opal structure having a photonic bandgap reversed for every traveling direction of light. Colloidal self-assembly, Dip-coating, a photonic crystal, a reverse opal structure, the optical waveguide


Abstract We contribute to the classification of toroidal circle planes and flat Minkowski planes possessing three-dimensional connected groups of automorphisms. When such a group is an almost simple Lie group, we show that it is isomorphic to PSL(2, ℝ). Using this result, we describe a framework for the full classification based on the action of the group on the point set.


OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship of serum nitric oxide (NO) level with pathophysiological changes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

METHODS
49 patients with ICP and 26 healthy women in their late pregnancy were studied. The serum NO levels were determined with Greiss reaction by measuring oxidation products of NO.

RESULTS
The serum NO concentration in patients with ICP decreased significantly when compared with that of healthy pregnant women. The serum NO level in patients with ICP was related to the time of persistent pruritus, the serum concentration of bilirubin and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPR). There is no correlation between serum NO and cholylglycine. In the ICP group the average gestational age was shorter than that of normal pregnancy and the weight of newborn was also lower.

CONCLUSIONS
The decline of serum NO may play an important role in the pathophysiological changes in ICP and may cause the intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery and fetal hypoxia.


Objective To discuss the clinical effect of fixing the dislocated permanent anterior teeth by the straight-wire appliance.Methods There were 23 patients the permanent anterior teeth dislocated.Used the straight-wire appliance fixed 12 patients,used the tooth bow clamping plank fixed 11 examples.To compare the effects of the two methods.Results Used the straight-wire appliance to fix 12 patients,21 examples were successful.Used in metal tooth bow clamping plank fixed 11 patients,3 examples were defeated.To compare two fixed methods,the success ratios,have significance difference,P0.01.Conclusion The effect of fixing the dislocated permanent antrior teeth with stuaight-wire appliance is reliable and simple.Also in the enormous degree reduced patient's pain.It is worth promoting the application.


This paper addresses a wearable master device for physically handicapped persons whose arms are disabled. Optical fiber curvature sensors are used to measure the human body motion. For the developed wearable master device, a calibration and mapping method of the sensors is proposed to extract 2-DOF human shoulder motions. An experiment shows that the wearable master device can be used for a 2-DOF input device effectively for handicapped persons. It has also shown that a subject can control a mobile robot with the wearable master device.


This brief overview presents an attempt to systematize some of the available historical and recent data on the impact of zeolite science and engineering on the progress of various areas of Earth and Space development. The basic structural and chemical properties of natural and synthetic zeolites are presented. Valuable applications of the zeolites, such as catalysts, gas adsorbers and ion exchangers are also included. The most commonly used methods for the synthesis of zeolites from different materials are presented, as well as some Bulgarian developments for the reuse of waste materials to zeolites. The important role of zeolites as an indispensable material for improving the quality of soil, fuels, water, air, etc., required for the needs of orbiting space stations and spacecrafts has been confirmed by typical examples.


Since the technique of Muography was used for the pyramid of Khafre (second pyramid of Giza) by L. W. Alvarez in 1970, academic researches using non-destructive testing methods have been applied to some huge stone structures (ex. the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan, Mexico, by A. Menchaca-Rocha). Although Alvarez and his team attempted to find a new chamber in the pyramid, they couldn't find any hidden chambers. However, now it is thought that the result was unreliable because their muon detector was an old type. After Alvarez the muon detector was developed and contributed to the elucidation of mechanism of a volcanic eruption in recent years (e.g. Asama volcano and Satsuma-Iwojima Volcano by H. Tanaka et al). Applying this technique, the internal structures of the Shiva temple in the Prambanan temple compounds (Indonesia) and the Parthenon (Greece) is explorable. On the basis of those results, we are going to go back to the roots of Muography by Alvarez by revisiting the pyramid. It is assumed that if it is possible to use Muography for the pyramids in Egypt (the oldest huge stone building in the world), in terms of the usage and volume of differing density of the stone (limestone and granite), it would make clear the developmental sequence and construction way of pyramids which has been impossible to know until now. Therefore, we can confirm the human ingenuity of earthquake-proof structures by ancient Egyptians. Most of the pyramids were made of limestone. Harder granite was sometimes used to encase the pyramids. If it can be made clear where two different kinds of stones were used and how much stone were used for the pyramids, we can take possession of previously-unattainable new information in the study of earthquakeproof structures of pyramids. The developmental sequence of burial of ancient Egyptian kings and the transition of the outer shape are as follows:1.Simple graves, 2.Mastabas, 3.Step Pyramids, 4.Bent Pyramid, 5.Red Pyramid (true pyramid), 6.Pyramid of Khufu (true pyramid), 7.Pyramid of Khafre (true pyramid), 8.Pyramid of Menkaure (true pyramid). Judging from the above-mentioned process, it is assumed that there were further stages in the development of pyramids. However, it is still not clear. If we have the opportunity to use muongraphy to the above pyramids (from the step pyramid of Netjerykhet to three true pyramids in Giza), we can put an end to speculation as to the evolution theory of the pyramid from the viewpoint of earthquake-proof structures and advancement of civilization. References (1) L. W. Alvarez et al, Search for Hidden Chambers in the Pyramids: The Structure of the Second Pyramid of Giza is Determined by Cosmic-ray Absorption, Science 167 (1970), pp.832-839. (2) A. Dodson, The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt (London, 2003). (3) M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, Francis Halzen, Michele Maltoni, and Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka, Radiography of Earth's Core and Mantle with Atmospheric Neutrinos, Physical Review Letters, 100, 061802, 2008. (4) Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka, Tomohisa Uchida, Manobu Tanaka, Minoru Takeo, Jun Oikawa, Takao Ohminato, Yosuke Aoki, Etsuro Koyama and Hiroshi Tsuji, Detecting a mass change inside a volcano by cosmic-ray muon radiography (muography): First results from measurements at Asama volcano, Japan, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L17302, 2009. (5) Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka, Tomohisa Uchida, Manobu Tanaka, Hiroshi Shinohara, Cosmic-ray muon imaging of magma in a conduit: Degassing process of Satsuma-Iwojima Volcano, Japan, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L01304, 2009.