Selective capture of galectins, while leaving other proteins untouched, was achieved by activating photoaffinity labels that were precisely positioned on noncovalently bound carbohydrate ligands. The labelled proteins were visualised in-gel by "clicking-on" a rhodamine moiety afterwards.


Perhaps it comes with the territory, but a lot of the public commentary on Australian defence policy tends to be more critical than supportive. Targets for criticism are many and varied. They can include what the government of the day has set out as its defence policies, how these policies are interpreted in terms of force structure or industry policy, the extent to which statements about funding levels are credible, and how well (or poorly) defence is being managed, especially the major capital acquisition program.


Intellectual property is a proven driver of U.S. economic growth. This report captures the total economic benefits of IP-intensive companies to 50 states and the District of Columbia. The state-by-state fact sheets show the economic impact on employment, exports, output, and wages impacts.


The parameter values of a simple dynamical model of a non-even age forest-insect ecosystem are estimated for the case of balsam fir forests and the eastern spruce budworm. It is shown that, despite its extreme simplicity, the model can reproduce time series of a real budworm outbreak and can be considered a compact presentation of available forest data. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are discussed and some directions for further research proposed.


ABSTRACT Structural parameters, electronic and optical properties of chrysene have been investigated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first principles density functional theory. The pressure dependence of the electronic band structure, density of states and partial density of states of chrysene were presented. Meanwhile, the complex dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and the extinction coefficient are calculated and analysed. According to our work, we found that the optical properties of chrysene undergo a red shift with increasing pressure.


Shares are securities as proof of ownership of investors in a company. Stocks have a volatile nature, this makes stocks difficult to predict. Stock prediction is an effort to estimate the stock price, especially in the Bank Rakyat Indonesia company that will appear in the future, and to increase investors' profit opportunities in making investment decisions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bank BRI's shares experienced significant ups and downs in four months, which illustrates the sensitivity of the stock to an event. Therefore, it is important to predict stock prices to reduce the risk accepted by investors. The prediction itself requires time series data. Time series is data that is collected sequentially from time to time. The method used for time series data is Linear Regression because this method can handle time-series data. Based on these problems, stock prediction research will be conducted at the Bank Rakyat Indonesia company using the Linear Regression method. Bank Rakyat Indonesia share price data were obtained from the investing.com website from the period starting on January 1, 2008, to June 1, 2020. The data is processed starting from preprocessing to determine attributes, remove unnecessary attributes, and change the contents of the data type, then process split data to divide the dataset into training and test data. The attributes used in this study are Date and Price and the distribution of the data used is 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, and 80:20. The best ratio is at 80:20 which produces train and test accuracy of 0.89 and 0.91, Then each training data and testing data are entered into the linear regression model for prediction. The error results from the predictions were calculated using MAPE and yielded a percentage of 13.751% for training data, 13.773% for test data, and 13.755% for overall data. The MAPE results indicate that the linear regression method can be used to predict the stock price of BRI Bank.


The invention provides modified attapulgite rustic phase slow-release rust preventive oil. The oil is prepared by the following raw material comp onents in part by weight: 150 parts of solvent oil 120, 5 to 8 parts of rosin, 2 to 5 parts of zinc powder, 3 to 5 parts of sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 15 to 18 parts of liquefied paraffin, 3 to 5 parts of 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, 10 to 15 parts of triethylene diamine, 10 to 13 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 10 to 15 parts of dimethylbenzene, 5 to 8 parts of cross-linking agent TAIC, 1 to 2 parts of ferrocene, 3 to 6 parts of polyisobutene, 1 to 2 parts of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, 1 to 3 parts of benzotriazole, 1 to 2 parts of 2-aminoethyl heptadecenyl imidazoline, 1 to 2 parts of 1-hydroxy benzotriazole, 2 to 3 parts of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, 1 to 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 5 to 7 parts of simethicone, 12 to 14 parts of epoxy tetrahydrogen dioctyl phthalate, 5 to 6 parts of film-forming resin and 1 to 2 parts of modified attapulgite. The gas phase rust preventive oil has excellent rust preventive performance and a remarkable contact rust resistant effect, so that the oil can be widely applied in the rust prevention for inner cavities or other contact or non-contact metal parts of mechanical equipment.


The Hishikari Gold Mine has met a new challenge in choosing a mining method for the Keisen vein group in the Sanjin deposit. The deposit mainly consists of 2 veins. The KE-2 is a composite vein, extending over a width of a 15m, with an average grade of 20 g / t. The KE-3 has a 2 m width and a very high grade of around 100 g / t. They are too closely spaced to be extracted selectively by employing the conventional Hishikari mining method of bench stoping. Consideration was given on alternative mining methods in order to extract these veins efficiently. A modified bench stoping method with a larger width appeared to be economically feasible, but would involve stability difficulties due to increased stoping width. Numerical and empirical analyses were used to determine an appropriate mining sequence and stope dimensions. Numerical analysis was performed using a two-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element code. The results indicated that a conventional mining sequence caused increased stability issues. The "Stability Graph Method", which is a well known empirical approach, led to a new mining sequence and cable bolting patterns, which allowed improved stope stability and efficient mining of Keisen veins. Numerical analysis was also used to establish the dependence of stope stability on the properties of backfill materials.


A microcomputer based simulation model was recently developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to assist in the evaluation of design alternatives for a proposed facility to receive, consolidate and store nuclear spent fuel from US commercial power plants. Previous performance assessments were limited to deterministic calculations and Gantt chart representations of the facility operations. To insure that the design of the facility will be adequate to meet the specified throughput requirements, the simulation model was used to analyze such factors as material flow, equipment capability and the interface between the MRS facility and the nuclear waste transportation system. The simulation analysis model was based on commercially available software and application programs designed to represent the MRS waste handling facility operations. The results of the evaluation were used by the design review team at PNL to identify areas where design modifications should be considered. 4 figs.


The invention relates to a novel method for producing hyaluronic acids (HA) with different molecular weights through pichia pastoris gene-regulation fermentation. The method comprises the steps that: recombinant plasmid pGAPZalphaA-szHasA constitutively expressing streptococcus zooepidemicus hyaluronic acid synthase and recombinant plasmid pPICZalphaA-ph20 inducibly expressing recombinant human hyaluronidase are used for converting yeast cells, such that a target strain HAS-PH20 is obtained. Through different gene regulation and induction methods, the yeast engineering strain HAS-PH20 directly produces various hyaluronic acids with different molecular weights through fermentation processes. With the method, the coupling of hyaluronic acid molecular weights and gene regulation methods is realized, and hyaluronic acids with specific molecular weights can be prepared according to requirements.


Macro-pore volume mesoporous alumina (MMA) synthesized by secondary nano-assembly method was applied as support for Mo-Ni-P catalyst. The samples were characterized by mercury intrusion method, XRD, TEM, and SEM. They displayed simultaneously enough active sites and particular larger pores structure. By taking advantage of these properties, Mo-Ni-P MMA catalyst bearing high active species dispersion, good reducibility, and enhanced diffusibility compared with a commercial catalyst. It is prospected that the obtained MMA had a good potential as support for HDS catalysts.


Mastering and optimizing the durability of concrete structures and also the rehabilitation of concrete structures is a major challenge for all actors of the concrete construction field. An experimental program is conducted to get a complete characterization of the mechanical, chemical and physical properties of four concretes and their performances towards the main aggressive environment for the reinforcement corrosion. The evaluated durability properties are chloride migration, porosity, water absorption and carbonation. Moreover, for each concrete, some reinforced specimens are manufactured to measure the electrochemical properties of the reinforcement such as potential. The project achievements are used to optimize and improve the durability model SDReaM-crete developed by Cerib and LMDC. This model can simulate the migration of chlorides, the combination of this migration with the mechanism of carbonation and the corrosion of reinforcing bars according to wetting-drying cycles. Finally, the present work aims to optimize the sizing of the cover thickness for new structures and to facilitate the lifespan prediction for existing structures. This paper describes the model SDReaM-crete and its recent improvements. Some experimental results and some interpretations as well as simulations made with SDReaMcrete are also presented. .......................................


In this paper is presented the mathematical modelling of a small-scale hydrokinetic generator. The system consists of a turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator, DC-DC converter, a single phase grid-connected inverter. The control system of the model has two loops - one for maximum power point tracking of the generator and a second one for control of the power exchanged with the grid. The model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment and is validated by simulations with various changes in the water stream speed. The developed model can be further implemented in simulations of microgrids with distributed generation and storage.


This paper presents a two-stage stacked power amplifier integrated circuit (PAIC) for broadband and high efficiency using a 2- $\mu \text{m}$ InGap/GaAs HBT process with a second-harmonic control circuit and a bias-switching circuit for an average power tracking (APT) application. For APT operation, active bias circuits with a bias switching circuit for the stacked stage were proposed. A simple L-section matching network with a second-harmonic termination circuit was adopted for broad bandwidth and high efficiency. The frequency-independent power and efficiency contours for fundamental and second-harmonic frequency band were extracted at the current-source plane of the transistor. The implemented two-stage PAIC was evaluated using a long-term evolution signal with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 7.5 dB and a signal bandwidth of 10 MHz. From 1.55 to 1.95 GHz, the power amplifier exhibited average output power ranging from 27.4 to 28.5 dBm, a power gain of more than 28.6 dB, and a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 36.5 to 41.2% at an ACLR of -30 dBc. At an average output power back-off of 5 dB, the PAE improved to 29.5% with APT using an external buck-boost dc-dc converter, while it was 18.7% without APT.


Starobinsky has suggested an inflation model which is obtained from the vacuum Einstein's equations modified by the one-loop corrections due to quantized matter fields. Although the one-loop gravitational action is not known for a general FRW background, it can be obtained in a de Sitter space to give $\Mp^2 R + \alpha R^2 + \beta R^2 \ln (R/M^2)$. Thus, one needs to investigate the inflationary behavior of this model compared to the Starobinsky model (i.e. $\beta = 0$). The coefficient $\alpha$ can be changed by varying the renormalization scale $M^2$ and $\beta$ is obtained from the quantum anomaly which is related to the numbers of quantum fields. It has been assumed that $\alpha \gg \beta$. We investigate the viable values of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ based on the CMB observation. We also scrutinize the reheating process in this model.


The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between senior high school students' mathematics self-efficacy, self-concept and their mathematics achievement in Twifo Hemang Lower Denkyira District of the Central Region of Ghana. A probability stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain representatives of the two schools under consideration in the proportion of the population of the two schools. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) form two students were involved in the study. The research design adopted was correlational design and the instruments developed and used for obtaining relevant data for the study was the Likert scale type of questionnaire and achievement test. An independent sample t-test was conducted to find the differences in achievement scores of low and high mathematics self-efficacy and self-concept students. The major result established in the study was that students' mathematics self-efficacy correlated students' mathematics achievement. The result also established that students' mathematics self-concept did not correlate with their mathematics achievement. In view of this, it was recommended that constructs that are related to students' academic performance should be given prominent attention. For example, teachers of mathematics must make frantic efforts at all times to increase students' mathematics self-efficacy when teaching so that students would be able to overcome the challenges they face when learning mathematics subject.


This article describes the use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for the quantitative determination of very long-lived radionuclides in the environment and nuclear waste. Because of its sensitivity and isotope specificity NAA is used for the determination of a few radionuclides with half-lives of the order of 104 years or longer. The detection limits for some nuclides are lower than those obtainable with most kinds of mass spectrometry. The method has a substantial freedom from systematic errors.

The benefit of NAA, compared with direct radiometric measurement of the parent nuclide, is based on the fact that neutron activation may produce radionuclides with shorter half-lives and higher specific activities than those of the parent nuclides. An especially significant improvement is obtained when a γ-emitting nuclide is produced from a nuclide which only emits β-particles.

There are a few long-lived radionuclides which need to be determined because they are produced in nuclear fuel, and may pose a hazard in the final disposal of nuclear waste. Of these possible applications, the determination of 99Tc, 129I, 135Cs and 237Np is described here. NAA has proven to be the most sensitive method to determine 129I and a useful method to determine 237Np in environmental samples. Therefore, NAA can be recommended as an analytical method for these nuclides, when a research reactor is available.


This paper investigates the nonlinear unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) problem for discrete nonlinear dynamic systems with random parameters. We develop an improved unscented transformation by incorporating the random parameters into the state vector to enlarge the number of sigma points. The theoretical analysis reveals that the approximated mean and covariance via the improved unscented transformation match the true values correctly up to the third order of Taylor series expansion. Based on the improved unscented transformation, an improved UKF method is proposed to expand the application of the UKF for nonlinear systems with random parameters. An application to the mobile source localization with time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements and sensor position uncertainties is provided where the simulation results illustrate that the improved UKF method leads to a superior performance in comparison with the normal UKF method.


The reaction of α,α′-dibromo ketones with 1,3-dienes in the presence of CeCl3–SnCl2 in tetrahydrofuran is found to give the corresponding [3+4] cycloadduct in fair to good yields under mild conditions. Furan and cyclopentadiene serve as highly efficient receptors of the oxyallyl intermediate to give bicyclic cycloadducts. The reaction of 2,4-dibromo-3-pentanone with isoprene gives both [3+4] and [3+2] cycloadducts. [3+2] Cycloaddition proceeds similarly with enamines to afford 2-cyclopenten-1-ones after treatment with 3% ethanolic NaOH solution.


The influence of a teacher cannot be replaced by textbooks,
through moralizing or by a set of punishments and
encouragements. The example set by a teacher and the influence
of their personality are irreplaceable. A teacher's work often
has a far reaching, long term and suggestive impact on the
development of a pupil's personality, their behaviour and
feelings.In our paper we try to describe some of the
personality traits of English teachers in primary education in
selected schools in the Czech Republic with the use of
standardized psychological tests (quantitative method) and
personal interview (qualitative method).


The author focuses on the research perspective of industry's intermediate demand,which is also embodied by industrial division,to explain the development path and puzzles of China's services.China's fast development of industrialization gives the division of manufacturing some unique performance which maybe weaken the intermediate demand of industry chain and affect the faster development of services.


Evolutionary Testing is an emerging methodology for automatically producing high quality test data. The focus of our on-going work is precisely on generating test data for the structural unit-testing of object-oriented Java programs. The primary objective is that of efficiently guiding the search process towards the definition of a test set that achieves full structural coverage of the test object.
 However, the state problem of object-oriented programs requires specifying carefully fine-tuned methodologies that promote the traversal of problematic structures and difficult control-flow paths - which often involves the generation of complex and intricate test cases, that define elaborate state scenarios.
 This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the quality of both feasible and unfeasible test cases - i.e., those that are effectively completed and terminate with a call to the method under test, and those that abort prematurely because a runtime exception is thrown during test case execution. With our approach, unfeasible test cases are considered at certain stages of the evolutionary search, promoting diversity and enhancing the possibility of achieving full coverage.


In recent years growing numbers of a new type of winter visitor to the Sunbelt has been observed tamping free of charge on public lands. The emergence of this unorthodox type of recreationist onto the recreation landscape raises numerous questions. The purpose of this study is to examine their circulation systems. Data collected at a study site in Arizona indicate that these are extremely mobile people—circulating among the common set of watering holes in the desert Southwest during winter and dispersing northward during summer months.


The local dependence of item pairs is investigated via a conditional covariance function estimation procedure. The conditioning variable used in the procedure is obtained by a monotonic transformation of total score on the remaining items. Intuitively, the conditioning variable corresponds to the unidimensional latent ability that is best measured by the test. The conditional covariance functions are estimated using kernel smoothing, and a standardization to adjust for the confounding effect of item difficulty is introduced. The particular standardization chosen is an adaptation of Yule's coefficient of colligation. Several models of local dependence are discussed to explain special situations, such as speededness and latent space multidimensionality, in which the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence are violated.


This paper fused together the related key analysis and differential analysis and did multiple rounds of attack analysis for the DES block cipher. On the basis of deep analysis of Boomerang algorithm principle, combined with the characteristics of the key arrangement of the DES block cipher, the 8 round DES attack experiment and the 9 round DES attack experiment were designed based on the Boomerang algorithm. The experimental results show that, after the design of this paper, the value of calculation complexity of DES block cipher is only 40 2 and the analysis performance is greatly improved by the method of Boomerang attack.


Video contains rich information in the spatial and temporal domains. A single video shoot consists of a number of frames which are generally composed of similar objects which may have changed in position and size. The ability to recognize regions in the current frame is an important task in video analysis, but their subsequent recognition in the next frame receives little attention. This research utilizes a region based binary partition tree (BPT) as the content representation; object searching is conducted inside the binary tree and not in the original pixel domain. This work was conceived from the postulate: If an object exists inside a binary tree partition for a given video frame, can a corresponding branch be found in the BPT of the next frame? This is a difficult problem with a one to many and a many to one mapping and requires an innovative solution in the form of a Genetic algorithms (GA). GA's are ideally suited to this problem as the start and end conditions are known. This research proposes and achieves temporal correlation in region based BPTs using a genetic algorithm.


The invention provides a display device and an electronic apparatus. The display device includes a first light-emitting element which includes a second layer having the function of flowing carriers and disposed between a first anode and a first layer having the function of emitting light of a first color, and a third layer having the function of emitting light of a second color and disposed between the first anode and the second layer; and a second light-emitting element which includes a fifth layer having the function of suppressing a flow of carriers and disposed between a second anode and a fourth layer having the function of emitting light of the first color, and a first hole injection layer disposed between the second anode and the fifth layer.


ObjectiveTo study effective Methods for first aid nursing.MethodsSimulated performance of first aid training was conducted on all the staff nurses under 45 years old in the hospital on the basis of appointed trainers, uniform training textbooks, and identical standards. The results from pre and post training examinations were analyzed.ResultsThe passing rate at examination after training was significantly higher that than before training with regard to first aid theory, technical practice and simulated first aid performance ( P 0.01).ConclusionTechnical training of first aid nursing should be integrated into continuing nursing education to formulize standardized and regularized training.


The leachates from 17 lysimeters containing compost of varying origin, age (3 and 12 months), and packing depths (15-50 cm) were monitored for a 2 1/2 year period. This paper reports on the results on nitrogen compounds. The leaching patterns for Kjeldahl-N and ammonia were comparable but significantly different from that of nitrate. The amount leached from the compost was affected by origin of compost (Kj.-N), age (Kj.-N, NH4, NO3), and layer thickness (NO3). The leaching of Kjeldahl-N was particularly high from 3-month compost in the thick layers. The total amount of nitrogen leached from the compost during the first 2 years accounted for 7-16% of the nitrogen content of the compost. The amount of ammonia and nitrate leached exceeded the initial compost contents of these components, indicating that further leaching of these compounds is governed by mineralization of organic nitrogen. The initial leachate concentrations exceeded drinking water standards several hundredfold indicating a significant risk of polluting the groundwater.


Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pathological condition characterized by accumulation of lipids in the liver of non alcoholic individuals and consequent oxidative stress leading to cirrhosis of liver in the long run. Silymarin is a unique flavonoid complex extract isolated from seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum) and has strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. The present research aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of silymarin (Slym) as natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory on liver tissue of male rats exposed to experimental model of non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by supplementation of high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, Through evaluation of serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma Glutamyl-Transferase (γ-GT) activities and Albumin, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin, Total Cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT), were determined in liver tissues. Extent of oxidative stress was also assessed by hepatic lipid peroxides (MDA). HFD supplementation induced a significant increase in 1) serum ALT, AST, ALP and γ-GT activities, in addition to Total Bilirubin, Total Cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. 2) Liver MDA concentration. On contrast, it exhibited a significant decrease in serum Albumin and Total Protein, also marked depletion in liver GSH, CAT and SOD, were observed after HFD supplementation. Silymarin treatment was able to mitigate and ameliorate hepatic NASH induced by HFD and showed pronounced curative effect against lipid peroxidation and deviated serum enzymatic variables as well as maintained glutathione status and antioxidant enzymes toward control levels. Silymarin treatment was highly effective against HFD induced NASH. The results of the present study suggest that silymarin has the potential to exert curative effects against liver NASH.


The local influence method introduced by Cook is adapted to multivariate normal data for the purpose of detecting outliers. The method allows simultaneous perturbations on all observations, so that it can identify multiple outliers. An illustrative example is given to show the e ectiveness of the method for the identification of influential observations.


Summary ThegenesforMAO-AandMAO-Bappear tobeveryclose totheNorrie disease gene,on thebasis of loss and/or disruption oftheMAO genesandactivities inatypical Norrie disease patients deleted forthe DXS7locus; linkage among theMAO genes,theNorrie disease gene,andtheDXS7locus; andmapping ofallthese loci tothechromosomal region Xpll.Thepresentstudy provides evidence that theMAO genesarenotdisrupted in"classic" Norrie disease patients. Genomic DNA fromthese "nondeletion" Norriedisease patients didnotshowrearrangements attheMAOA orDXS7loci. Normallevels ofMAO-A activities, aswell asnormal amountsandsize oftheMAO-AmRNA,were observed incultured skin fibroblasts fromthese patients, andMAO-Bactivity intheir platelets was normal. Catecholamine metabolites evaluated inplasma andurine were inthecontrol range.Thus, although some atypical Norrie disease patients lackbothMAO-AandMAO-Bactivities, MAO does notappeartobean etiologic factor inclassicNorrie disease.


Julia Traylor Dyar, a Caucasian woman, was born at Dunson Hospital in 1925 to Gladys Marchman (whose parents were Greene and Hancock settlers, and James Edward Traylor, whose great-great grandfather came to LaGrange in the 1920s. She has four other siblings, Frank, Ed, Tallulah, and Anne, from her father's first wife, who died. After graduating LaGrange College in 1946, she married Hubert Dyar in 1948; they lived in Royston, where Hubert was the editor of the local newspaper; they then moved to Atlanta, where Hubert worked as the secretary of the Georgia Literature Commission, and she worked for the Georgia Press Association, first as its assistant manager, then as its manager. Hubert died in 1973, and Dyar moved back to LaGrange in 1978, where she served as director of public relations for LaGrange College until 1993; she has since written a weekly historical column called "Memoried Glances" for the LaGrange Daily News and continues to reside in LaGrange. She is a great aunt to ten, and a great-great aunt to six nieces and nephews.


In this study a platform is laid out for the creation of a multitiered surface exhibiting switchable wettability. This is done through a combination of both an acrylate-based polymer understructure photopolymerized into a pillared array, and selectively placed surface treatments on these pillars. The acrylate-based polymer is created through a systematic study and is shown to exhibit drastic alterations in material stiffness over a 19 °C temperature transition under aqueous conditions, allowing for stiff, erect pillars in the low temperature state, and pliable pillars that can easily be bent in the high temperature state. The glass transition temperature and onset temperature for the polymer system is found to be 49 and 30 °C, respectively. Three different surface treatments, including trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane, polydimethylsiloxane, and polydopamine, are investigated using static contact angle studies, and are selectively deposited onto the pillared surface such that a hydrophobic surface is exposed with the pillars erect, and a hydrophilic surface is exposed with the pillars in the bent state. The surface is shown to transition between first a hydrophobic, then hydrophilic state and return to a hydrophobic state when the investigations are coupled together forming a hierarchical surface structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44122.


Although lithium aluminum chloride, either as a molten salt or as a solid, is unstable to reduction by lithium at high activities, it is stable to elemental aluminum. It is therefore possible to construct cells with an aluminum negative electrode and a positive electrode reversible to lithium. The thermodynamics of such a system have been examined, and the kinetic behavior of the aluminum electrode investigated in melts of two different compositions. In addition, two lithium vanadium oxides have been tested as possible positive electrode materials.


A dual-wavelength narrowband all-fiber acousto-optic tunable bandpass filter (DNAOTBF) was proposed and fabricated via the different vector modes coupling based on the same scalar mode induced by the flexural acoustic wave in dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). In the experiment, the resonant dual-wavelength and coupling efficiency could be electrically tuned simultaneously with a range from 1526nm of 1565nm and the lowest 3-dB bandwidth was 0.92nm.


The Small Business Directors' Association (SBIDA) is a non-profit professional association whose mission is to strengthen the small business/entrepreneurship sector of the free enterprise system, provide entrepreneurship education, and support economic development and diversification  through teaching, consulting, training, and field research.I won't go into great detail about SBIDA's history (over 25 years old), its impact on small businesses through its Small Business Institute'" program (Matthews, 1998), or its impact on literally thousands of students (for further information about these topics, please visit our web site: www .sbida.org). Instead, I want to speak to our future.


Developing effective and nonprecious electrocatalysts is an indispensable requirement for boosting the efficiency of water splitting to obtain clean and sustainable fuels. Herein, we reported a feasible strategy for preparing a trimetallic (NiCoFe) superior electrocatalyst with novel open-cage/3D frame-like structure for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is prepared by consequence thermal treatments of CoFe Prussian blue analog frame/cage-like structure under Argon (CoFeA-TT) atmosphere, and then electrodeposition of Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide nanosheets as shell layer on it. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the deposition of NiCoS on CoFeA-TT (NiCo-S@CoFeA-TT) has the best catalytic performance and can drive the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 268 mV with a Tafel slope of 62 mV dec-1 and an excellent long term catalytic stability in alkaline medium. Its outstanding electrocatalytic performances are benefited from frame/cage-like structures, highly exposed active sites, accelerated mass and electron transport, and synergistic effect of multiple hybrid components. The NiCo-S@CoFeA-TT showed to act better than most advanced nonprecious catalysts and noble commercial RuO2 catalyst. This work exhibited an effective and efficient approach to design three-dimensional porous architecture catalysts for the energy-relevant electro-catalysis reaction.


We analyse the evolving impact of family background on educational attainment using administrative data on 2,417,460 individuals from 1,341,403 families born in the Netherlands between 1966 and 1995. Comparisons between parents and their children reveal intergenerational elasticities between 0.15-0.18, translating into a 1.8-2.2 month increase in the educational attainment of the child associated with a oneyear increase in the educational attainment of the parent. Correlations between regular siblings explain 33 percent of the variance in educational attainment between individuals, with parental education accounting for approximately 75 percent of this share, suggesting that only around one-fourth of the variance is explained by factors that do not correlate with parental education. Strikingly, despite pervasive changes in the distribution of educational attainment over time, the share of the variance attributable to factors shared by siblings remains fairly stable at around 0.34 in the birth cohorts analysed. The intergenerational elasticity and intergenerational correlation also appear to be roughly stable across cohorts. Despite a reduction in overall education inequality, we conclude that family background has remained equally important for educational attainment in the analysed generations, although it appears to vary systematically by region of birth.


We report a case of chest wall swelling in a smoker which was diagnosed on CT to be bronchogenic carcinoma with contiguous
spread to the chest wall, with invasion and resultant chest swelling. Bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as a chest wall mass is a
rare initial presentation of the neoplastic process. Here we discuss the differential diagnosis of such chest wall swellings and the
clinical and radiological mode of differentiation and diagnosis of such masses.


The article describes structural types of syllables in the Udmurt language with a focus on Middle Cheptsa dialects and reveals individual syllable types (VV1, VV1C, VV1CC) not typical of the standard Udmurt and specific to the dialects under study. The article also deals with the distribution of syllable types in the structure of words and analyses the most typical syllable structural models which are found in the words consisting of one, two, three and four syllables.


The purpose of the study is to assess the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in business expansion specifically in handicraft cooperatives. The objectives are to analyze the government policies for support of women entrepreneurs in business expansion, to examine the contribution of business expansion on the income of women entrepreneurs, to identify the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in business expansion and to analyze the strategies proposed by women entrepreneurs to overcome challenges. Women face many challenges in business expansion but the study tried to analyse financial, technological, government policies and regulations and personal challenges. The study also provided useful insights into the issue of promoting entrepreneurship for women in handicraft cooperatives. The findings from the study was most useful for government of Rwanda, women policy and PSF for entrepreneurship option, and the future researchers it help as a document source on women entrepreneurship. In methodology used is the stratified random sampling. The main reason for this is to ensure that all respondent fairly represent the target population. The population have been divided into strata or sub-groups and then the simple random sample has been selected within each strata or sub-group. The data was collected from the sample of 132 women entrepreneurs engaged in six handicraft cooperatives. Based on the findings from the fieldwork to achieve the purpose, the study analysed the government policies for support of women entrepreneurs in business expansion, the contribution of the business expansion on the income of women entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in business expansion and the strategies proposed by women entrepreneurs to overcome their challenges. Despite the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs to expand their business there was life improvement in life style. Other improvement has been seen in health insurance, children education, increased in nutritional status and they could get money to plan for a project for the future. In light of the challenges, the study came up with the recommendations which were addressed to the government of Rwanda, to the bank and other financial institutions, and to the women entrepreneurs.


Saliency detection measures the probability how a region attracts human visual attention, and objectness estimates the probability that a rectangle window may contain potential objects. Can a salient object segmentation method which utilizes both saliency and objectness achieve a better segmentation performance? To address this problem, this paper evaluates different fusion schemes to integrate saliency with objectness for effective salient object segmentation. Based on the saliency map generated by any saliency model and the pixel-level objectness map, the resultant fusion map is exploited to initialize salient object and background. Then a fusion map based salient object segmentation method under the framework of graph cut is proposed to obtain the final salient object segmentation result. We performed extensive experiments on two public datasets, and conclude that fusion of saliency and objectness generally facilitates to improve salient object segmentation performance compared to only using saliency or objectness, and the proposed segmentation method using a number of fusion schemes with saliency models outperforms the state-of-the-art salient object segmentation method.


A device, system, and method for measuring the airspeed of a slow moving aircraft are disclosed. The device comprises a pitot tube at the end of a rotating arm. When installed on an aircraft, the pitot tube is exposed to a relative wind that is the result of the sum of the speed due to rotation and the forward speed of the aircraft. The pressure is turned into an electrical signal by a pressure sensor. This pressure sensor's output is processed by an electronic unit which extracts the aircraft's airspeed, ignoring the speed due to rotation. The difference between the highest and the lowest pressure is an indication of the aircraft's airspeed. BACKGROUND Various methods have been used to measure airspeed of aircrafts. Fixed pitot tubes which are dynamic pressure measurement devices, work well to in measuring airspeed down to about 30-40 knots. However, the pressure is quadratic with airspeed, so at low speeds it becomes very inaccurate. Anemometer, windmill type devices for measuring the speed of the wind, have also been used to measure the speed of aircrafts. The faster the speed of the aircraft, the faster the anemometer spins. However, the speed, and therefore the measurement, is very friction dependent. As the device wears over time, the speed measurement becomes less accurate. Airspeed may also be measured using acoustic devices. This method relies on the fact that sounds travels through the air at a known speed, and thus a microphone ahead of a noise source 2 et al.: AIRSPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR SLOW AIRCRAFT Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2019 hears the sound at a different time than a microphone behind the noise source. However, this method depends on air density, and thus works poorly at high altitude. Optical methods have also been used to measure airspeed. This method uses a series of flashes of light to illuminate particles floating in the air. By taking photographs in succession, it can measure how far the particles have traveled during the known interval between flashes. This method works well where there are particulates in the air. At high altitude where the air is very dry and very clean, it works poorly. Thus, there is a need for accurate systems, methods, and devices for measuring the airspeed of aircrafts at high altitudes and low velocities. DESCRIPTION Devices, systems, and methods for measuring the airspeed of a slow moving aircraft are disclosed. Embodiments of the device comprise a pitot tube, that is, a dynamic pressure measurement device, at the end of a rotating arm. An exemplary airspeed measurement device located at the nose of an aircraft is shown in FIG. 1. The device comprises a rotating arm comprising a pitot tube at one end and a counter weight at the other end. FIG. 1: Airspeed measurement device comprising a pitot tube at the end of a rotating arm 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1839 [2019] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1839 When installed on an aircraft, the pitot tube is exposed to a relative wind that is the result of the sum or difference of the speed due to rotation and the forward speed of the aircraft. An exemplary rotating pitot tube is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2: Rotating pitot tube comprising a differential pressure sensor The pressure is turned into an electrical signal by a pressure sensor. This pressure sensor's output is processed by an electronic unit which extracts the aircraft's airspeed, ignoring the speed due to rotation. The difference between the highest and the lowest pressure is an indication of the aircraft's airspeed. FIG. 3 depicts the sensors and electronics of an exemplary device. 4 et al.: AIRSPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR SLOW AIRCRAFT Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2019 FIG. 3: Airspeed measurement device sensors and electronics A key advantage of the device stems from the fact that dynamic pressure is proportional to the square of the airspeed. Thus "mounting" a small velocity (the aircraft's airspeed) on top of a big one (the rotational speed) allows this device to measure a small speed accurately. As an additional feature, the angle of the relative wind to the aircraft may be extracted from this signal, i.e. either angle of attack or angle of sideslip may be measured, depending on how it's installed. These are collectively known as "flow angles." The flow angle is extracted from the signal by measuring when in the rotation the pressure peaks. If it peaks when the pitot tube is facing straight ahead, the flow angle is zero. If it peaks 1/10th of a rotation later, the flow angle is 36°, etc. Another useful feature, not shared by any other airspeed measurement device is that the device may be tested prior to takeoff to ensure it is working properly. When the device is spinning, it will measure a dynamic pressure. That pressure will be constant throughout the rotation, but it will be non-zero. Thus a preflight test could simply measure the pressure and determine if it's correct. 5 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1839 [2019] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1839 The rotation of the pitot tube is driven by a speed-regulated motor. The speed is held constant by a governor circuit, and is monitored. The current required to drive the motor is also monitored. Keeping the rotation speed constant is useful because it makes it easier and more accurate to extract the airspeed. Additionally, keeping the airspeed constant makes it easier to detect an impending failure. A failure detection mechanism may be included. This measures the current drawn by the motor. Increases in current are a sign of increase in friction, probably due to an impending bearing failure, or debris in the mechanism. FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary airspeed measurement device with a true airspeed vT and a measured airspeed vm. What is desired is the unknown true airspeed vT. The angular speed of the arm ω as well as the radius of the arm r are both known. The measured airspeed vm is equal to ωr + vT. Two methods of extracting vT are described herein. FIG. 4: Airspeed measurement device showing true airspeed and measured airspeed FIG. 5 shows a graph of the dynamic pressure q. The dynamic pressure can be calculated with the following formula, where p is the fluid density: q = 1 2 pvm q1 = 1 2 p(ωr + vT) = 1 2 p(ω2r2 + vT + 2ωvT) q2 = 1 2 p(ωr − vT) = 1 2 p(ω2r2 + vT − 2ωvT) Dy na m ic P re ss ur e = q 6 et al.: AIRSPEED MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR SLOW AIRCRAFT Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2019 FIG. 4: Dynamic Pressure One method of determining vT is to subtract q1 q2, to find the difference between the highest and lowest dynamic pressures: q1 − q2 = 1 2 p�2ωrvT − (−2ωrvT)� = 2pωrvT = ∆q vT = q1 − q2 2ωrp An alternative method to of determining vT is to ignore q2 and just derive vT from q1: q1 = 1 2 p(ω2r2 + vT + 2ωvT) vT can then be determined by solving the quadratic equation for vT. To determine the flow angle, the system measures the angle between the pressure peak and the rotation. This device can measure either angle of sideslip (AoS or beta) or angle of attack (AoA, or alpha) depending on how it's mounted. In the FIGs. shown above, it measures AoA. Alternatively, or additionally, if the rotating shaft is vertical, it measures AoS. In various embodiments, multiple airspeed measurement devices may be installed. In an embodiment, three devices may be installed for redundancy wherein the devices are installed at three different angles so that we can always extract airspeed, AoA, and AoS despite one failure. 7 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1839 [2019] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1839


Significant new host and distribution records are presented for Hylesinus mexicanus (Wood) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), including its pest potential on cultivated olives. Hylesinus mexicanus is similar to H. fasciatus LeConte and information presented here suggests that the distinctiveness of these two species needs to be re-examined.


Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic responses and explore the inontropic action of berberine in patients with congestive heart failure. Methods All the patients were of New York Heart Association functional class Ⅲ(n= 12)and Ⅳ(n = 5).17 patients were given 0.8g of oral berberine with a single daily and studied with Impedance Cardiogram (ICG) .The hemodynamic effect were recorded before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours after oral berberine.Results TpR decreased significantly ( P 0.05)and CI, HI, EF, SV, SW increased significantly (P 0.05)2-3h after oral berbine.Conclusion Berberine improved hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure.


Purpose and problem. Today, business organisations are facing turbulent markets that are characterised by an increasing individualisation of products and customer specifications. This desire for individualisation leads to a growing number of complex tasks to fulfil requirements. Those tasks require very different competencies that exceed the competencies and the knowledge of a single person. As a result, many people within the company have to work together to meet the requirements of the market and the customer and to be able to react fast on changes. For that to happen, the employees need to exchange a lot of information efficiently. Additionally the need to communicate effectively increases while working together, so there has to be an environment that supports efficient and effective communication processes.


List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Foreword Martin Jay Introduction Ales Erjavec The Other Gaze: Russian Unofficial Art's View of the Soviet World Boris Groys Art as a Political Machine: Fragments on the Late Socialist and Postsocialist Art of Mitteleuropa and the Balkans Misko Suvakovic Neue Slowenische Kunst--New Slovenian Art: Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Self-Management, and the 1980s Ales Erjavec Hungarian Marginal Art in the Late Period of State Socialism Peter Gyorgy The New Cuban Art 208 Gerardo Mosquera Post-Utopian Avant-Garde Art in China Gao Minglu List of Contributors Index


Abstract For discontinuous switched linear systems, even when they are built by composing stable systems, examples of unstable systems are known. Here, three-dimensional homogeneous continuous piecewise linear systems composed by two linear systems sharing a boundary plane are considered. If the two linearization matrices are non-singular, then the only equilibrium point is at the origin, which is in the separation plane of the linear regions. For the important case where both matrices have complex eigenvalues and their whole spectra are in the open-left half of the complex plane, the possible counter-intuitive instability of the origin is analytically proved. Thus, in this paper, examples of unstable continuous switched linear system with just two stable components are shown.


The Doubly Linked Face List (DLFL) is a data structure for mesh representation that always ensures topological 2-manifold consistency. Furthermore, it uses a minimal amount of computer memory and allows queries to be performed very efficiently. However, the use of the DLFL for the implementation of practical applications is very limited, mainly because of two drawbacks: (1) the DLFL is only able to represent 2-manifold objects; (2) its operators may be ambiguous, modifying the structure in an unexpected way from the user's point of view. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we present the Extended Doubly Linked Face List (XDLFL), which extends the DLFL for the representation of 2-pseudomanifolds and 2-manifolds with boundaries, increasing its applicability for practical software applications. Using these extensions, we also show how to avoid ambiguities in the original DLFL's operators. A new set of intuitive operators for the manipulation of the extensions and for the unambiguous manipulation of the data structure is also presented. The implementation of these extensions is straightforward, since the modifications to the DLFL are trivial and based on behavioral observations of the DLFL's operators. After integrating the extensions to the DLFL, memory usage increases very slightly, while is still smaller than the memory usage of other well-known data structures. Furthermore, queries related to the new extensions, such as whether an edge belongs to a boundary, may be performed very efficiently. The proposed extensions and their operators are very beneficial for applications such as surgery simulation softwares, where the interactions with the models, such as cutting or appending objects to each other, must be performed in an efficient and transparent manner.


Lists and briefly describes more than twelve hundred monographs and articles dealing with the organization of technical services, serials, and the acquisition, organization, maintenance, and circulation of materials.


Based on the finite displacement theory and geometric non-linearity,the special stability analysis method and program of CFST arch bridge are developed,where the influences of system transferring and initial forces on the structures are all considerated.The construction stage and working stage space analysis of Shenzhen Furong continuous CFST bowstring arch bridge are fullfilled,where the stability safety factors of each construction stage are presented, and the influences of the suspender and deck stiffness,the number of arch transverse braces,construction error,etc,on the space stability are all explored.


To many, digital game play is primarily a social experience, a way of connecting with others. These connections can take several forms depending on the type of game, context and personal relationship. In the literature, however, this complexity has largely been ignored, reducing social relations to simple dichotomies such as "friend or stranger" and "versusor co-player". This paper aims to overcome these simplifications and take a step towards understanding the multidimensional nature of social play. With this goal in mind, a first wave of 37 interviews was conducted with gamers with varying experience. Based on grounded theory, the data were used to build a theoretical framework, consisting of four possible roles another person can assume: witness, co-player, companion and tool. Each of these roles was then further analyzed according to known parameters of social play: spatiality, synchronicity, adversarity and longevity, and validated in a second series of 10 in-depth interviews. Based on this, a two-layered framework for social play research was proposed, whereby both social role and broader context were considered. Using this framework can enable future research to gain a more in-depth and refined understanding of social game experience.


Since the movement for economic reform started in China 20 years ago, the nation's GDP had grown on average from seven to nine per cent a year, making China's construction industry one of the largest in the world. This paper presents an overview of China's foreign economic cooperation development (FECD) in the context of exporting three major construction services namely; contracting, labour and design. The paper outlines the export market profile of Chinese contractors and discusses their current position in the international market. It then addresses challenges; they are facing in view of meeting the ambitious strategic targets set out by the Government for the FECD, which cover the export of construction services. Finally, the paper sheds some light on key exporting strategies currently adopted by Chinese contractors.


. This work is an inquiry into the role played by classical nonlineari-ties/quantum anharmonicities in the excitation of wobble modes of a trixial even-even nucleus.In the first part of the paper the free rotation at high spin of an asymmetric top around an axis near the x 3 -axis is separated into three uncoupled nonlinear oscillators, each described by the unforced and undampened Duffing equation. In order to analyze and visualize the wobbling as a sub-class of rigid body dynamics, the analysis of the asymptotic solutions of a nonlinear oscillator is carried out in the framework of the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolski method that is suitable to calculate an approximate periodic solution for the stationary state of a second-order differential equation with a weak cubic perturbation. The consequences of this analysis are discussed in the particular case of the triaxial nucleus 130 Ba. In the second part of the paper a classical form of the triaxial rotor Hamiltonian in terms of a tilt angle and its conjugate momentum is supplied using the so-called Nodvik representation. Expanding in powers of the tilt angle up to cuartic terms, the Hamiltonian is splitted into a part describing the high-spin rotation around the third axis and an anharmonic oscillator which essentially relates to the wobbling motion. Upon quantization according to the Pauli prescription the first- and second-order contributions to the wobbler energy within the framework of stationary perturbation theory is obtained.


In recent years,cross-regional atmospheric environmental issues such as acid rain,haze and photochemical smog have become increasingly prominent,which seriously threaten the health of human beings and environmental safety.U.S.and EU have achieved much experience in monitoring cross-regional atmospheric environment.In this paper,comparative studies on atmospheric environment monitoring in China,the United States and the EU were conducted from four aspects including the responsible section,legislation,organizations and regulatory means.With China's national conditions,some helpful inspirations to improve the cross-regional atmospheric environmental monitoring in China were obtained.


Piano accompaniment has a history of more than one hundred years. Chinese national instrumental music has a long history and rich culture, which is an indispensable part in the history of Chinese folk music. With the development and change of modern music, Chinese folk music has entered an era of diversified development. As the "king of Musical Instruments", the combination of piano and Chinese national instrumental music was born by good luck. This paper mainly serious piano accompaniment used in folk music in the production, the status quo, so that more people understand, accept and pay attention to this new things, and even more to develop and innovation, to create more excellent works.


J Thorac Dis 2021 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-21-689 The rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene accounts for 3–5% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). Novel variants including intergenic fusion were widely analyzed since they did bring significant clinical benefit for the fusion carriers (2). Therefore, novel variants including intergenic fusions are getting attention to illustrate potential targetable variants. At the meantime, lung cancer with ground-glass opacity (GGO) component predicts better prognosis, while some of them could progress rapidly (3). Therefore, the molecular profile of GGO-featured lung cancer is under widely investigation to improve current understanding on it. Studies has revealed significantly lower frequency of ALK fusion in patients presenting GGO, while the occurrence of ALK fusion could predict higher tumor burden and more aggressive progression (4). Thus, reporting the potential targetable fusion variant might guide those patients' treatment management. Here we report a novel Chr1 95026203ALK intergenic fusion, identified in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma with nodular GGO. A 48-year-old male smoker went to our hospital for reexamination in September 2020 after discovering a pulmonary nodule 6 months ago. Chest computed tomography scan revealed an irregular-shaped nodule with GGO in localized apical and posterior segment of superior lobe of left lung and diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules (Figure 1A,B,C,D). Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were observed in mediastinum and left neck. A slight pericardial effusion was also discovered. Pathological examination was conducted with the needle biopsy of the enlarged left cervical lymph node [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in Figure 1E]. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed TTF-1(+), Napsin A(+), CK7(+), CK5/6(−), P63(+), Ki67(25%+), P40(+), Synand PAS(+). The disease was diagnosed as metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (poorly differentiated, T1N3M1b). To seek for individualized therapy, the formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded specimens were subjected to DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis [in College of American Pathologists-certified laboratory) with a panel of 9 genes including EGER, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, ERBB2, KRAS, BRAF, NTRK1/2/3. A novel Chr1 95026203-ALK intergenic fusion was detected (Figure 2A,B)]. This fusion was generated by Letter to the Editor


In this paper we deal with a mathematical model for the evaluation of the electromagnetic iron losses in rotating electrical machines under no load conditions. The presented problems of electromagnetic field computations are coupled with refined material models based on the Preisach theory. The model is validated by the comparison of numerical results and experimental values from measurements.


ABSTRACT What role does academic development have to play in responding to radical cultural shifts in the global landscape? Whose voices and identities are contributing to institutional change? This reflective essay encompasses the perspectives of the four international panellists in the opening plenary of the International Consortium for Educational Development (ICED) 2018 conference in Atlanta, Georgia, USA – Torgny Roxå on ideologies; Chng Huang Hoon on agency and empowerment; Joy Mighty on voices and identities; and Mary Deane Sorcinelli on evidence and outcomes. These perspectives set the stage for the conference, and, brought together in this paper now, they address key conference themes, offer coordinates for reflection, and pose further questions about our profession.


This thesis classifieds into three dimensions of the emotion communications,two dimensions of knowledge of the knowledge and the usage product that company's house knowledge classifieds in to choose the product,ising divided into the recommendation to customer's loyalty to purchasing and purchase two again at the same time.Setting up the emotion communication,company's house knowledge on this foundation to the customer's honest influence.Study on the result enriched the knowledge management theories and honest theories of customer, and pass the management of emotion communication,company's house knowledge to the business enterprise to promote customer's loyalty to have the certain apocalypse meaning.


Testing is actively used for controlling the level of mastering of pedagogical knowledge at the study of medicine that conditions the topicality of the study of its effectiveness at learning theoretical disciplines of medical direction, for example, "Histology, cytology and embryology". Aim of research – is to consider the features of testing, to determine the expedience and effectiveness of its use as a method of controlling knowledge and skills of students of the medical faculty of SHEI "Ivano-Frankivsk national medical university" at the study of normative academic discipline "Histology, cytology and embryology" at profile department. Tasks of research : to discover the essence of testing, to analyze the main functions of testing; to ground the topicality of the use of testing control as a method of control of knowledge and skills of students at studying at the department of histology, cytology and embryology. Results of research . The question of the use of testing that is the result of centuries-old development of forms and methods of pedagogical control was considered. The topicality and expedience of the use of testing control was grounded that allowed objectively assess and qualitatively measure the level of students' readiness. The theoretical analysis of the main functions of testing was carried out and the effectiveness of its use in educational process of theoretical departments of higher medical educational institutions was proved on the example of department of "Histology, cytology and embryology" of Ivano-Frankivsk national medical university


The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that the national treatment provision in Article 49 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union precludes Member States from disallowing consolidation between entities resident in the same Member State, where the top holding or intermediate holding company is resident in another Member State. After the United Kingdom left the EU from 1 January 2021, this case law no longer directly applies to situations with a top holding or intermediate holding company resident in the United Kingdom. However, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement concluded and in force between the EU and the United Kingdom (TCA) contains in Article 129 a provision on national treatment. The authors argue that the TCA could be interpreted in line with the national treatment provision in Article 49 TFEU and the case law of the CJEU on this. Notwithstanding the absence of any direct effect to the provision of the TCA, Member States should interpret their bilateral tax treaties in line with the TCA. The consequence is that the non-discrimination provisions in existing bilateral tax treaties between Member States and the United Kingdom should be interpreted in line with the TCA.
Group regimes, Brexit, Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Non-Discrimination, National Treatment, Capital Ownership, Bilateral Tax Treaties, Interpretation of EU law, Interpretation of Bilateral Tax Treaties


Broadcast waves from temporal disaster-broadcasting are often transmitted from the rooftops of buildings such as local government offices. Surrounding terrain and buildings affect the reception environment easily since the broadcast waves are mainly received by car and portable tuners. In this study, we measured the received power of test broadcast wave of temporal disaster-broadcasting in the suburbs with undulating terrain and spreading residential area, and evaluated the effect on the surrounding terrain and buildings to the radio reception environment.


This study aimed to develop an easy and economic technique for dairy cleaning-in-place wastewater treatment to obtain high-quality treated wastewater effluent. A batch electrocoagulation (EC) study was tested using iron and aluminum electrodes. The effects of various operational parameters were investigated on the treatment performance. A maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 81% for Fe-Fe electrode and 53% for Al-Al electrode was obtained at applied voltage of 10 V, electrode spacing of 2 cm, pH of 7.2 for reaction time of 60 min. Moreover, protein removal efficiency of 72.6 and 79.4% was obtained for Fe-Fe and Al-Al electrodes, respectively. An immersed membrane was integrated into the EC reactor and the reactor was operated in continuous mode. COD removal efficiency was determined as 86.4 and 84.5% for Fe-Fe and Al-Al electrodes, respectively, in continuous mode. The protein removal efficiency was also calculated as 80.9 and 83.8% for Fe-Fe and Al-Al electrodes, respectively. Fe-Fe electrode showed maximum COD removal efficiency whereas Al-Al provided maximum protein removal efficiency. Additionally, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to describe fouling phenomena.


Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meta-cognitive skills and self-regulation with academic performance of senior high school students in Isfahan city during academic year 2015-2016. Methods: The research is an applied research in terms of objective and correlation in terms of the nature. The statistical society of the present study was all male and female high school students in Isfahan city including 50707 individuals from which 382 students were selected using table of Kerjecy &Morgan and volume proportional random stratified sampling method. The tools used in this study were 3 questionnaire including meta-cognitive skills assessment questionnaire, self- regulation questionnaire, academic performance questionnaire. The analysis of data performed by the methods of inferential statistics stepwise regression. Results: The results show there is a direct significant relation between each of the predictor variables (Meta-cognitive and self – regulation) and criterion variable (Academic performance), also Meta- cognitive skills can predict Academic performance; this was significant predictability for self-regulation skills too. Conclusion: Knowing someone about their abilities and Awareness of cognitive and Meta cognitive strategies, improved learning and academic performance is increased.


KiWi is a framework for semantic social software applica-
tions that combines the Wiki philosophy with Semantic Web technolo-
gies. Applications based on KiWi can therefore leverage i.a. reasoning
and versioning to follow both aspects and even go beyond existing tech-
nologies. For example, KiWi allows composition of content items, which
poses a challenge to the versioning system. In this paper we discuss ver-
sioning of composed content items and challenges related to reasoning in
collaborative social software, as both topics are concerned with updates
on the application state.


It is useful to look at current literary criticism to understand how different the Darwinist or biopoetic approach to literature is. Current literary theory tends to look at texts as the product of particular social conditions, or as a network of references to other texts. Literary Darwinists instead aim at studying literature through biology, not politics or semiotics. They also take as a given that literature derives its only truth from laws of nature. And yet, in some cases, as Cometa's provocative paper suggests, issues tackled by practitioners of biopoetics coincide with the ground on which scholars of biopsychology, cognitive rhetoric, evolutionary psychology develop their research. The latter would agreed on the fact that what the literary Darwinists call human nature consists in a set of highly structured set of motivational and cognitive dispositions that have evolved through an adaptive process regulated by natural selection. Seen in this light, biopoetics may help, especially in its recent evolution through German academia, understanding the processes through which metaphors are conceived and both language and communication work.


Objectives: To engage families with young children and empower them to inform service provision; explore the views and expectations of families with young children in West Norwood area of how dental services may be best provided at the West Norwood Health and Leisure Centre (WNHLC); explore barriers to dental care, uptake and use of dental services. Research design: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Participants: 1,016 parents/guardians with children aged seven and under. Main outcome measure: Willingness to access the dental service. Results: An overall response rate of 24% (246/1016) was achieved. The majority (72%, n=178) were unaware of the dental services at the Centre. Lack of convenient appointment times (43%, n=106) was the most common barrier to accessing dental care reported by families. Approximately 48% of parents indicated their willingness to bring their children to the WNHLC, the majority of them were NHS users (75%, n=89, OR=1) who attended the dentist occasionally (65%, n=77, OR=4.8, p<0.01). Essential facilitating factors were friendly dental care providers (81%, n=203), ease of getting appointments (76%, n=186) and suitable opening hours (74%, n=183). Conclusion: The results of this study signified the need of collaboration with local settings to increase awareness about its dental services. The uptake of service would depend upon factors such as its opening hours, ease of getting appointments, having a patient-friendly dental team. The results of the study will inform future dental service provision at the Centre in the light of NICE guidelines (NICE, 2008).


The control of Dendroctonus valens in standing tree by applying insecticides was studied with some methods such as airtight fumigation with aluminum phosphide in plastic, spraying insecticide on trunk, tree-trunk injection, painting insecticide-ring, placing lured-wood and so on. The studies showed that the mean efficiency achieved 80% with aluminum phosphide in plastic, spraying insecticide on trunk and tree-trunk injection, placing lured-wood within woods could only lower pest amount to 28.3%, while the controlling effect was poor with painting insecticide-ring. Compared with those methods, the tree-trunk injection was more practical to control this pest,the control efficiency achieved 80% with 40% monocrotophos, 40% omethoate and Yizhenjing after injection. Especially for Yizhenjing, it is easy to take, but the control efficiency was stand and can killing the pest that invaded into tree-root and tree-trunk of living pines with the dose of 2.5 mL each diameter breast height during the occurrence of adults and larvae.


WE know little in the United States about the man who, as Spain's Ambassador in 1898, dared to call President McKinley "a low politician catering to the rabble." The purpose of this article is to shed light on Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, his views, and his hitherto unstudied role as Spain's envoy during the critical period leading up to the Spanish-American War. The first striking characteristic about our subject is his very name, being French instead of Spanish. The genealogy of the Dupuy de Lôme family originated in France in the sixteenth century. There is record of a Jean Dupuy fighting against the Turks in one of the Crusades. The Spanish branch had, up to the nineteenth century, used only the Dupuy part of the surname. Then, as evidence of his great admiration of his French uncle, the designer of France's first cruiser, Dupuy chose to reestablish the full French surname by adding the de Lôme.


Abstract Industrial waste is constantly increasing, so measures must be taken to recycle it in more practical and environmentally friendly ways. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of sawdust wasted particles for the production of cement bonded particleboards, and to enhance their compatibility with cement by using physical pretreatment processes, addition of nano slag and accelerated carbonation curing. All tests were carried out with different manufacturing parameters: sawdust/cement: (20%, 30% and 40%), treated and untreated wood, CO2 curing and the addition of nano slag. Experiments were performed to assess the mechanical properties of produced particleboards such as density (D), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), bending strength (BS), and microstructural properties of the cement particleboards. For treated sawdust, the outcomes demonstrated an enhancement in the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of produced cement bonded particleboards by using the accelerated CO2 curing method for sawdust particleboards. According to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, part of the carbonate crystals was found to be diffused into the cell walls and cavities and were found to protrude from sawdust surfaces.


Flash memory,as a new kind of data storage media,has a lot of attractive characteristics when compared with Hard Drive Disk(HDD)such as fast access speed,shock resistance,power saving,lighter form and low noise.Therefore flash memory is considered as the main storage device instead of disk in the next generation.However,traditional disk-based database can't take full advantage of high I/O performance of flash memory if we transfer it to flash memory without modification.The main reason is flash memory embraces different access characteristics with HDD.As for recovery,the situation becomes more serious because the out-of-place update model and erase-before-rewrite of flash memory lead to high cost of large quantity of minor random writes during the course of recovery.This paper proposes a recovery method,HV-recovery,to improve the performance of undo.HV-recovery makes use of the history versions of data which is naturally emerged in flash memory due to the out-of-place update.Experimental results on Oracle Berkeley DB show that the HV-recovery outperforms traditional recovery in 2×~8×.The results demonstrate the high efficiency of the method.


.......................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 5 Glossary ........................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................... 11 1. E-Commerce, Main Types of Businesses Involved and Participation of Selected Developing Countries in the Digital Economy ................................ 13 2. Potential Benefits and Challenges of the Digital Economy for Smaller Developing Countries .................................................................................... 28 3. Main Issues Related to Anticompetitive Practices by Digital Economy Firms.............................................................................................................. 34 Lessons Learnt and Recommendations for Smaller Developing Countries .. 56 References..................................................................................................... 63


A geostatistical reservoir study provides an ensemble of possible reservoir models, with a variability reflecting the uncertainty of the geology and fluid-flow properties. A production test links the static geostatistical model with dynamic fluid-flow data and thus provides possible means of validation and selection. We used ahighly efficient 3D single-phase simulator to simulate pressure transients without compromising the fine-grid resolution typical forgeostatistical models. This simulator was applied to Boolean and Gaussian geostatistical models that represent reservoirs consisting of heterogeneous fluviodeltaic deposits. Simulated buildup and interference tests were analyzed and related to 3D permeability and connectivity patterns. Effective well-test permeability was compared with 3D averages obtained from different volumes within the geostatistical model. The cases studied show that combining geostatistical models and well tests can reduce uncertainty with respect to geometric connections and the permeability distribution. However, the study also confirms that well tests have a limited capability to assess lateral continuity precisely and uniquely. Simulation of an interference test has the potential to screen the geostatistical model for high-permeability connections between wells. This pragmatic integration of pressure transients and detailed heterogeneous reservoir models through forward simulation provides a simple means to evaluate these models. It allows testing a model based on small-scale (core-plug) permeabilities and qualitative geologic information vs. routine field measurements representing large-scale hydraulic behavior of a reservoir.


OBJECTIVE
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is used for the prognosis of diseases characterized by inflammatory processes. This study aims to discuss the long-term outcomes and NLR in pediatric traumatic brain injury cases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study investigated traumatic brain injury patients younger than 18 years. Patients were grouped into 5 groups according to their Glasgow outcome scores (GOS). Initial admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS) values, neurological examinations, pupil conditions, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) administration, and seizure occurrence were recorded. Neutrophil counts and lymphocyte counts, derived from complete blood count (CBC) values taken during the patient's first 8 hours of admission, were used to calculate the NLR value.

RESULTS
A total of 150 patients, 54 (36%) females and 96 (64%) males, were assessed in the study. The most frequent accident type was falling from a height [84 patients (56%)]. The GCS, CPR, pupillary reflex, anisocoria, surgical procedure, and neutrophil counts were significantly different between the GOS scores. There was no statistically significant difference between the GOS and the NLR (p=0.400). There was a significant difference in NLR value according to CPR, seizures, and brain injury type (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
NLR values are not correlated with 1-year outcome scores in pediatric traumatic brain injury patients, unlike proven parameters such as initial GCS scores and neurological status.


Minor atrial septal defect (ASD) may be one of the pathways of paradoxical embolism in the brain. Few scientific papers have investigated the relationship between ASD (excluding patent foramen ovale) and the occurrence of ischemic stroke. There is no definite opinion as to how functionally important such shunts are and how the shunt changes with age. The review analyzes modern ideas about the probability of paradoxical embolism in small ASDs from the viewpoint of pathophysiology, and also demonstrates the technological capabilities of assessing the functional significance of such shunts based on our own clinical observations.


The sources of an individual's point of view on controversial, phil osophic, educational and social issues have been variously sought in con stitutional peculiarities of temperament, the accidents of personal ex periences and the pressures exercised by organized groups upon their members. A deterministic psychology has not favored the notion that people's opinions about unresolved human problems have generally been reached by careful preliminary examination of all available evidence with the final judgment the inevitable outcome of the interplay of facts and relations. Instead it is held that an attitude?whether it be a broad general orientation or a specific response to a limited situation?is a func tion of the nature, history and affiliations of the organism, and conse quently causally correlated with such factors. An approach akin to that just described was used in organizing and interpreting the results of a national survey of the social attitudes and information of American secondary school teachers.1 Assuming that we have a defensible measure2 of the liberalism-conservatism of a given group of teachers, what fluctuations in this variable occur when instruc tors are classified according to other discriminable traits ? Most of these assumed " correlates " may prove to be relatively unimportant influences, but it is only by searching along a fairly wide front that the truly decisive ''forces" can possibly be revealed. It seemed desirable to determine what effect, if any, the different sub


THE biological significance of aluminium is at present an unsolved problem. Even when aluiminium occurs in the diet in a readily available form, animals do not seem to utilise it in the metabolic processes to any extent; after ingestion of compounds of aluminium, the latter may be found in the organs in very small quantities, comparable to, but greater than the amounts found in the organs pf similar animals receiving diets almost entirely free from aluminium. The excretion of aluminium appears to be almost exclusively by way of the alimentary canal; reports of aluminium excretion in the urine are rare. HISTORICAL.


Anthropogenic climate change is causing demographic shifts at species' range edges. Trailing edge populations, which may be genetically distinct and adapted to relative climate extremes, already are showing declines in some species. The associated loss of trailing edge genetic diversity may limit possibilities for future climate‐adaptive restoration. For plants with recalcitrant seed, such as oaks, that cannot tolerate conventional seed banking, we propose a novel approach to the conservation of climate‐threatened genetic diversity: dispersed, participatory field gene banking. In this collaborative model, trailing edge transplants are stewarded at dispersed sites across a species' projected regional refugia. In 2018, we initiated a pilot participatory field gene bank for the foundational, endemic California blue oak (Quercus douglasii), a species experiencing increasing climate‐related declines at its trailing edge. To evaluate seedling performance, the gene bank was designed as a set of 23 small, dispersed common gardens with paired local and trailing edge seeds. Trailing edge seedlings showed lower survival and growth relative to locals, yet they also showed lower levels of leaf disease and herbivory, traits that could confer an adaptive advantage in a more xeric future. The substantial early survival of translocated seeds suggests that participatory field gene banking may offer an effective means of preserving trailing edge genetic diversity for oaks, thereby maintaining genetic resources that could be critical for future climate change‐adaptive restoration. However, further observations are needed to confirm the strategy's longer‐term viability and evaluate evidence of local adaptation.


This study examines the relationship between climate change risks and firm value using listed Korean companies that are subject to the Target...


Regression models of measured energy use in buildings are widely used as baseline models to determine retrofit savings fiom measured energy consumption. It is less expensive to determine savings fiom monthly utility bills when they are available than to install hourly metering equipment. However, little is known about the impact of nighttime shut off on the accuracy of savings determined from monthly data. This paper reports a preliminary investigation of this question by comparing the heating and cooling energy use predicted by regression models based on monthly data against the predictions of calibrated hourly simulation models when applied to a medium-sized university building in Texas with (i) DDCAV system operating 24 hours per day, (ii) DDCAV system with nighttime shut down, (iii) DDVAV system operating 24 hours per day, and (iv) DDVAV system with nighttime shut down. The results of the four cases studied indicate : 1) when the AHUs are operated 24 hourstday, the annual prediction error of the cooling regression models is less than 0.5% of the annual cooling energy consumption; however, 2) when the AHUs are operated with nighthme shut down, the annual prediction error of the cooling models becomes as high as 6% of annual energy consumption. It should be noted that the cases considered here include only single end-uses of energy and have not investigated energy-use data which includes multiple enduses. Modified regression models are therefore recommended when AHUs are not operated 24 hours per day and the temperature pattern is significantly different between pre and post retrofit years. INTRODUCTION The North American Energy Measurement and Verification Protocol (DOE, 1996) presents three methods, Options A, B, and C, for measuring energy savings fiom retrofits in commercial buildings. Option C: Whole-Facility Or Main Meter Measurement determines savings as the difference between the energy consumption predicted for the post-retrofit period using a baseline model and measured energy consumption during the post-retrofit period. Single variable daily regression models, which regress daily energy use against daily mean ambient temperature, have been used for the baseline model in the majority of buildings in the LoanSTAR Program (Claridge 1994). However, when monthly utility bills are available, it will generally be less expensive to use monthly utility data for retrofit savings measurement than to record hourly or daily data. However, little is known about the prediction accuracy of the monthly regression models and the impact of nighttime shut down on the accuracy of savings determined fiom monthly data. Therefore this paper reports a preliminary investigation of this question by comparing the heating and cooling energy use predicted by regression models based on monthly data against the predictions of calibrated hourly ESL-98-06-33 Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Fort Worth, TX, June 1-2, 1998 simulation models when applied to a medium-sized university building in Texas. When monthly utility bills are used for retrofit savings measurement, software which may be used to determine baseline models and savings includes PRISM (Fels et al. 1986) and EModel (K~ssock et al. 1994). This study uses the EModel software for developing baseline monthly regression models since it includes a set of models applicable to a wider range of commercial buildings than the PRISM. The functional form of the model most appropriate for the monthly data being analyzed in this study is (Ruch and Claridge 1992): E = P o + P , ( T p -L)+ + P & -Tp)+ (1) where E is the daily average energy consumption for each month or billing period, Tdb is the mean temperature for each month, T, is a change point temperature, Po is the energy consumption at the change point temperature T, , p 2 is the slope above T, and p , is the slope below T, . The notation ( )+ indicates that the quantities within the parentheses should be set to zero when they are negative. Accuracy and reliability of regression models used for analysis of building energy data are generally assessed by comparing statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination (R~), the root mean square error (RMSE), the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error CV (RMSE), and the mean bias error (MBE) (Katipamula et al. 1995). Since the temperature range and temperature distribution for preand postretrofit years may be different, these statistical indices may not correctly represent the prediction accuracy and reliability of the regression models. To investigate the prediction capability of the regression models, this study uses two years of weather and energy use data. The first year of data is used for developing models and the second year of data is used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the regression models. METHODOLOGY The difference between the predicted and measured energy consumption of a building is due to a combination of the prediction error and "noise" due to operational changes and occupancy changes. Therefore, in this study, synthetic data fiom simulations is used to eliminate the "noise" found in measured data. The following procedure is used to identify prediction error in this study: 1. Develop HVAC system simulation models based on a case-study building. 2. Simulate cooling and heating energy use for a mild weather year, aggregate to monthly values and develop monthly regression models based on the simulated data. 3. Predict energy use with the regression models and simulate energy use with the simulation models for an extreme weather year. 4. Determine prediction error as the difference between regression model predicted and simulated energy consumption. aVAC SYSTEM SIMULATION MODELS The simulation model used in this study is AModel (Liu and Claridge 1995) which is based on the ASHRAE TC4.7 simplified energy analysis procedure (Knebel 1983). This program has been used successfully to identify potential energy savings fiom commissioning in several types of commercial buildings (Liu and Claridge 1995). This hourly simulation emphasizes the air-side systems and requires much less envelope information than many hourly programs. It has successfully predicted the ESL-98-06-33 Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Fort Worth, TX, June 1-2, 1998 savings from numerous system and control changes. To ensure that the simulation results are reasonable, a simulation of the dual-duct variable air volume (DDVAV) case was calibrated to the measured cooling and heating energy consumption of the Nursing Hall at the University of Texas at Austin. This building has a steel frame and reinforced concrete floors, exterior walls of pre-cast panel with single pane tinted fixed windows and a concrete roof. The total conditioned floor area is 96,000 fi2. It houses nursing classrooms and lecture halls, work shops, lounges and professors' offices. The HVAC system for this building, which operates 24 hourslday, consists of two DDVAV air handling units (2xlOOhp) without pre-treat units or economizers. The measured 1994 hourly cooling and heating energy use data for this building were used for calibrating the simulation models. Figures 1 and 2 compare the calibrated simulated and measured cooling energy consumption for 1994. The figures show daily values of the simulated and measured consumption as well as the residuals, or difference between daily simulated and measured values. The annual fitting error or MBE is 0.87% and the CV-RMSE is 7.24% (on a monthly basis). PI, measured cooling energy consumption and Ec,s simulated cooling energy consumption) Figure 2. Calibrated Simulated and Measured Cooling Energy Consumption and Residuals versus Outdoor Temperature Figures 3 and 4 compare the calibrated simulated values and measured heating energy consumption for 1994 in the same manner. The annual fitting error or MBE is 3.15% and the CV-RMSE is 10.12%. The MBE and CV-RMSE values for the heating simulation are higher than the values for the cooling simulation due to a change in domestic hot water usage during the summer and the lower average value of the heating consumption. Since the objective of this calibration is to develop reasonable characteristics for a building, typical operating practices were simulated to assure that the simulation results are reasonable; short-term operating changes were not simulated. Figure 1. Time Series Plots of Calibrated Simulated and Measured Cooling Energy Consumption and Residuals (Ec,m ESL-98-06-33 Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Fort Worth, TX, June 1-2, 1998 Table 1. Summary of the Cases Studied Figure 3. Time Series Plots of Calibrated Simulated and Measured Heating Energy Consumption and Residuals (Eh,m measured heating energy consumption and Eh,s simulated heating energy consumption) DDVAV 1 Case 3 1 Case 4 I SIMULATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA AND MONTHLY REGRESSION MODELS The hourly cooling and heating energy consumption were simulated using the simulation models for each of the four cases using 1994 weather data. 1994 had fewer days of extreme weather than any other year in the last decade (Wang, 1995). The simulated hourly data were totaled for each month to get monthly cooling and heating energy consumption. These simulated monthly values were then fit with fourparameter regression models which are summarized in Tables 2 and 3 below. The regression models give MMBtuJday consumption as a function of dry bulb temperature. R~ and CV were determined by EModel (Kissock, 1993; Kissock et. al. Figure 4. Calibrated Simulated and 1994). Measured Heating Energy Consumption and Residuals versus Outdoor Temperature To investigate the impact of system types (DDCAV and DDVAV systems), and operating schedules (24 houdday & nighttime shut down operation), the calibrated


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent throughout the world, with approximately 300 million people chronically infected. HBV infection can cause acute and chronic liver hepatitis. Long-term chronic infection can increase the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, there are two types of approved drugs for chronic HBV infection: nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) and interferon α (IFNα), currently pegylated IFNα (PegIFNα). Although these drugs can inhibit viral replication and reduce the risk of liver cirrhosis and HCC, the limitations are obvious: HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) pool cannot be efficiently eliminated. To overcome these limitations, new drugs are required urgently to be designed and developed. In recent years, with the deepening of research on HBV, drugs targeting different targets of viral complex replication mechanisms and interactions with the host immune system have been developed. Drugs targeting viral complex replication mechanisms include HBV entry inhibitors, cccDNA formation and transcription inhibitors, gene editing targeting HBV DNA, HBV specific siRNAs, capsid inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors and HBV secretion inhibitors. Entry inhibitors have been used successfully in treating viral infections. Myrcludex B, a synthetic N-myristoylated lipopeptide derived from HBV preS1 protein, competes with the virus for binding to the solute carrier family 10 member 1 (SLC10A1 or NTCP). This agent prevents HBVand Hepatitis D virus (HDV


In the context of the proposal that the Wallace monument should include a statue of Wallace himself, the author discusses several portraits that supposedly depict William Wallace. He concludes that none of the portraits of Wallace he has described are old enough to be called a fair likeness. A note at the end of the article mentions two further portraits that came to the attention of the author before publication, but neither of these are considered contemporary either.


During recent high altitude flights, we have tested the aerosol section of the fast flow flight cascade impactor quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) on loan to Howard University from NASA. The aerosol mass collected during these flights was disappointingly small. Increasing the flow through the QCM did not correct the problem. It was clear that the instrument was not being operated under proper conditions for aerosol collect ion primarily because the gas dynamics is not well understood. A laboratory study was therefore undertaken using two different fast flow QCM's in an attempt to establish the gas flow characteristics of the aerosol sections and its effect on particle collection, Some tests were made at low temperatures but most of the work reported here was carried out at room temperature. The QCM is a cascade type impactor originally designed by May (1945) and later modified by Anderson (1966) and Mercer et al (1970) for chemical gas analysis. The QCM has been used extensively for collecting and sizing stratospheric aerosol particles. In this paper all flow rates are given or corrected and referred to in terms of air at STP. All of the flow meters were kept at STP. Although there have been several calibration and evaluation studies of moderate flow cascade impactors of less than or equal to 1 L/rein., there is little experimental information on the gas flow characteristics for fast flow rates greater than 1 L/rein.