The authors describe an RF transmission-line test-set, the AN/USM-638, which is a state-of-the-art, portable, fully militarized, scalar network analyzer designed specifically to support the maintenance of coaxial and waveguide transmission systems. The frequency range of this system is 0.01 to 18.0 GHz with growth capability to 40.0 GHz. Utilization of microwave circuit integration including monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices as well as field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology played an important role in producing a downsized composite system for the measurement of insertion loss (0 to -70 dB), distance to fault (to 400 ft), and voltage standing wave ratio/return loss (0 to 25 dB). Successful development of the AN/USM-638 provides the means to significantly enhance the test capabilities of the US Air Force's organizational level test equipment, thereby improving the operational readiness of weapons systems.<<ETX>>


Lipid lowering treatment (LLT) and LDL–C target across CV risk categories might prompt consideration on further lower LDL–C levels advocated by last EAS/ESC guidelines.

 The aim of the study was to provide current prevalence, clinical characteristics, LLT across different CV risk classes at the time of publication of current ESC/EAS Guidelines. Short–term prognosis was also addressed.

 This community–based study enrolled 6851 patients (mean age 71 years) with an LDL–C measurement and cardiological evaluation from 01–Jan–2018 until 31–Dec–2018. Of those, 4578 (67%) patients were at very high risk, 1494 (22%) at high risk, 420 (6%) at moderate risk, and 359 (5%) at low risk according to EAS/ESC 2019 guidelines. Dyslipidemia was present in three quarter of patients, and 3888 (57%) received LLT. High Efficacy (potency to reduce LDL–C ≥ 50%) LLT was prescribed in 21% of patients (23% and 10% in very high and high risk categories). There was a statistically significant difference between CV categories with respect to demographic, CV risk factors, and comorbidities. Patients at very high risk were more frequently elderly with a high proportion of patients affected by atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and non–cardiac comorbidities. 394 (9%) patients at very high risk and 102 (7%) patients at high risk presented LDL–C at target. Among very high risk patients, 439 (10%) were treated with ezetimibe. At 24 months of follow–up, death occurred in 676 (8%) patients. In survival curves, adjusted for age and comorbidities, an increased risk of death and CV hospitalization was confirmed in the high risk and very high risk categories. Similar trend was confirmed considering composite endpoint of myocardial infarction and stroke.

 In a contemporary population the strategy to achieve the ambitious LDL–C target of current Guidelines continue to be largely suboptimal and LLT is widely underused. This underlines the huge unmet need when assessed more aggressive LDL–C target advocated in current EAS/ESC guidelines.


Massive MIMO is the new emerging technology which can be used to increase the data rate. Massive MIMO reap all benefits of conventional MIMO. In Massive MIMO we use the receiver diversity. In this paper we are proposing Opportunistic space division multiple access technology with beam selection for massive MIMO system technology. OSDMA-S is the technology in which we generate a orthonormal beam which carry the message symbols. In our proposed scheme we are implementing multi antenna for users. In conventional MIMO system we used only one antenna for one receiver, while in the massive MIMO we use a number of antenna at the user to increase the throughput of the system. In this paper we use four antenna four one user. By implementing Massive MIMO we increases the throughput by 100%.


Enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) utilise multimodal rehabilitation techniques to reduce post-operative pain and accelerate the rehabilitation process following surgery. Originally described following elective colonic surgery enhanced recovery pathways have gained increasing use following elective hip and knee joint replacement in recent years. Early studies have indicated that enhanced recovery pathways can reduce length of hospital stay, reduce complications and improve cost-effectiveness of joint replacement surgery. Despite this growing evidence base uptake has been slow in certain centres and many surgeons are yet to utilise enhanced recovery pathways in their practice. We look at the process and effects of implementing an enhanced recovery pathway following total hip replacement surgery at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom. A retrospective study was initially undertaken over a four-month period to assess patient demographics, length of stay, time to physiotherapy and complication rates including re-admission within 28 days. Based on national recommendations an enhanced recovery pathway protocol was then implemented for an elective total hip replacement list. Inclusion criteria were elective patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR) surgery. The pathway included pre-operative nutrition optimisation, 4mg ondansetron, 8mg dexamethasone and 1g tranexamic acid at induction and 150mL ropivacaine HCL 0.2%, 30mg ketorolac and adrenaline (RKA) mix infiltration to joint capsule, external rotators, gluteus tendon, iliotibial band, soft-tissues and skin around the hip joint. The patient was mobilised four-hours after surgery where possible and aimed to be discharged once mobile and pain was under control. Following implementation a prospective study was undertaken to compare patient demographics, length of stay and complication rates including re-admission within 28 days. 34 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in each group pre and post-enhanced recovery pathway. Following implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway mean length of stay decreased from 5.4 days to 3.5 days (CI 1.94, p The enhanced recovery pathway was quick and easy to implement with co-ordination between surgeons, anaesthetist, nursing staff and patients. This observational study of consecutive primary total hip replacement patients shows a substantial reduction in length of stay with no change in complication rates after the introduction of a multimodal enhanced recovery protocol. Both of these factors reduce hospital costs for elective THR patients and may improve patient experiences.


Subperiosteal implant system for stimulating bone formation, consisting of a binding to the bone surface of the bone to be treated area to be adapted grid (1) with at least one bore (2) with which the height position of the grating on the bone surface can be changed to accommodate a screw (3), characterized characterized in that the bore (2) has an internal thread and the adjusting screw (3) on the jawbone or via an abutment (4) is placed on the jaw bone and perforates the periosteum.


There are several learning methods that are considered capable of improving student achievement. One of them is the problem posing method, which is a method that emphasizes student activities to make questions, discuss, complete and present the results of their work. The purpose of this study was to find out that learning mathematics with the problem posing method was effective in improving the learning achievement of social arithmetic for third grade students at SDN 03 Talun, Pekalongan. After learning mathematics with the problem posing method, significant results were obtained in increasing learning motivation, increasing activeness and ability to communicate the concepts learned. The indicators of achievement in this study were the class average score of 67.18 in the first cycle rose to 74.23 in the second cycle, classical learning completeness 59.09% in the first cycle rose to 86.36% in the second cycle, student activity 62 ,98% increased to 78.32% in the second cycle, the teacher's performance by 70% in the first cycle rose to 90% in the second cycle and student responses about learning with problem posing and LKS assistance were obtained by 86.15% in the second cycle.


The idea of cluster computing is to aggregate machine room full of relatively cheap hardware, connected with some sort of network, and apply the combined power of the individual machines on a single calculation. Because this architecture consists of distributed memory, parallel processes communicate using a message-passing paradigm. High-end cluster users typically rely on special purpose hardware such as Myrinet [1], HiPPI [2], or ServerNet [3] for their message passing infrastructures, thereby losing the cost benefit offered by the commodity market. Riding on the wave of Ethernet popularity, Gigabit Ethernet [4] is fast becoming a commodity item. We evaluated its performance by simulating core algorithms from real parallel applications. We compared raw performance figures such as bandwidth and latency, as well as more complex parameters such as jitter, routing, and points of congestion in the fabric against similar studies conducted on Avici and Myrinet technology. A. INTRODUCTION The number of enthusiasts of commodity high-performance computing platforms is growing following the general demise of the massively parallel processor (MPP) manufacturers. has also joined the fray because it can no longer satisfy the thirst for FLOPS by buying monolithic multi-million dollar machines, as there is not sufficient market demand to keep vendors in business. The hardware employed in a cluster is generally the most readily available in the volume personal computing market, so as to leverage the cost advantages of buying commodity hardware. Unfortunately, a critical piece of the hardware for cluster computing, namely the highspeed interconnect, is completely irrelevant for the mass market. High-end cluster users, therefore, have to rely on special purpose hardware such as Myrinet, HiPPI, or ServerNet for their message passing infrastructures, thus losing the cost benefit offered by the volume market. The purpose of this study is to identify a cost-effective alternative to traditional interconnects. Riding on the wave of Ethernet popularity, Gigabit Ethernet is fast becoming a commodity item. In addition to bandwidth enhancement, the full-duplex mode of Gigabit Ethernet [4] allows switched access at full channel capacity without the limitation of CSMA/CD. Therefore, we believe, given a scalable switching architecture, Gigabit Ethernet can be a cost-effective interconnection solution for cluster computing. The remainder of this paper discusses the simulation results of a conventional Gigabit-Ethernet switch. We describe the methods we used, which involve a mix of " artificial " basic tests and simulations of core algorithms from real parallel applications. Results are compared with two …


A two-dimensional mechanical model is developed to predict the global and local buckling of a sandwich beam, using classical elasticity. The face sheet and the core are assumed as linear elastic isotropic continua in a state of planar deformation. The core is assumed to have two deformation modes: antisymmetrical and symmetrical with respect to the core geometric midplane. Characteristics of the two deformation modes and the corresponding buckling behavior are shown and it appears that they are identical when the buckling wavelength is short. The present analysis is compared with various previous analytical studies and corresponding experimental results. On the basis of the model developed here, validation and accuracy of several previous theories are discussed for different geometric and material properties of a sandwich beam. The results presented in this paper, verified through finite-element analysis and experiment, are an accurate prediction of the overall buckling behavior of a sandwich beam, for a wide range of material and geometric parameters.


This week's articles describe the precise structures of the plant hormones gibberellin and jasmonic acid and present an atlas of maize development that integrates transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic data. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Stop wiggling and hold that pose The x-ray structural disorder of small molecules is reduced by covalent binding in a metal-organic framework. S. Lee, E. A. Kapustin, O. M. Yaghi, Coordinative alignment of molecules in chiral metal-organic frameworks. Science 353, 808–811 (2016). [Abstract] L. Öhrström, Now you see me too. Science 353, 754–755 (2016). [Abstract] GENE REGULATION Patterns of development regulation within tissues An atlas of the maize functional genome reveals patterns of developmental regulation within tissues for the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome. J. W. Walley, R. C. Sartor, Z. Shen, R. J. Schmitz, K. J. Wu, M. A. Urich, J. R. Nery, L. G. Smith, J. C. Schnable, J. R. Ecker, S. P. Briggs, Integration of omic networks in a developmental atlas of maize. Science 353, 814–818 (2016). [Abstract]


We have yet defined in the literature of a Cauchy Stialtjes type integral dealing with discontinuous functions in general Bannach spaces on time scales. By means of this integral we can represent a linear operator as an integral. It's possible to have the space of constraints solutions in a dynamical equation as a kernel of a linear operator, and then represent it as a constraint in the integral representation.


The phenomenon of rural migrant grandparent caregivers has increased dramatically over the past several decades. Grandparent caregivers often face multiple challenges in their caregiving roles. This study attempts to understand the Chinese rural migrant grandparenthood and their roles changes and life strategies. Using a qualitative approach, thirty-two grandparents participated in five focus group interviews. The findings reveal that main activities of Chinese rural migrant grandparent caregivers are raising grandchildren and doing housework, their roles in urban life are characterized by one-dimensional. Meanwhile, their role cluster in rural life including caring roles, social roles and productive roles dissolve gradually. To cope with changing roles in their new lives, grandparent caregivers used strategies such as maintaining independence, acquiring new knowledge and developing new interests, making new friends and building new circles. Most caregiving grandparents are vulnerable to a host of problems, including physical disability; psychological stress; insufficient knowledge; decreased income; social isolation. As society looks more to grandparent caregivers to assume parental responsibilities as a preference to babysitter or institutional care, systems including government, non-profit organizations, communities, universities and families should develop innovative, comprehensive, and evidence-based methods to enhance grandparent caregivers' well-being.


In the fish pond ecosystem there are various factors that can inhibit fish growth or even kill fish,  one of which is the water factor,  the water itself has various factors,  one of which is the quality of PH levels and amonia levels. Therefore,  this paper discusses the design and manufacture of a control device for PH levels and amonia levels to make it easier for farmers to check PH levels and amonia levels in the pond. This control device uses a DFROBOT V.2 sensor as a PH sensor and a DS18B20 sensor as a temperature sensor as well as an Arduino UNO controller. The method used to control amonia is by comparing the data from PH and the temperature in the pool water,  this tool will work if the amonia level is higher. from 0.8ppm by activating the aerator to keep the amonia in the pool water normal. Meanwhile,  to maintain the PH of the water more than 6 and less than 7,  it is necessary to add pond water by activating the water pump. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future research for the development of Arduino Uno-based PH and amonia level control devices.


We report fabrication of CMOS-compatible Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> waveguides, including resonators, with 2.0dB/m loss as well as 11.18million loaded Q at 1550nm, using a maximum temperature of 250C during and after Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> deposition, enabling system-on-chip integration.


This Action Plan addresses concrete action in five strategic areas to support the mainstreaming of OER to achieve SDG 4 on Quality Education. It is the outcome document of the 2nd World OER Congress which took place in September 2017 in Ljubljana, Slovenia and was organised by UNESCO and the Government of Slovenia. URL : https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ljubljana_oer_action_plan_2017.pdf Learning challenges in higher education: an analysis of contradictions within Open Educational Practice / Heli Kaatrakoski, Allison Littlejohn, Nina Hood . In: Higher Education, v. 74, no. 4, pp. 599-615, October 2017 ISSN 0018-1560 . Online ISSN 1573-174X Abstract : This paper forms part of a larger study focusing on higher education educators' learning from and through their engagement with OER. The first part of the study was a quantitative survey investigating educators' learning behaviour when they learned to use OER in their practice. The second part of the study explored qualitatively how educators engaged with OER and how they conceptualised their learning. Data were gathered through interviews with 30 higher education educators. This paper reports the analysis of these interviews. The analysis draws on the theory of selfregulated learning and cultural–historical activity theory to explore the challenges adult education practitioners encounter when changing their practice. The study tests the application of a framework that traces the discursive manifestations of contradictions, exploring how this framework can be used to examine different aspects of self-regulated learning as educators learn how to use OER. The authors identified three distinct tensions in higher education educators' practice:


Recently, street culture spaces act as part of cityscape that can be shared in everyday life, providing a foundation for the city's image and promoting the urban culture industry. In other words, street spaces that can induce participation of and sharing


Aims  To assess hospital mortality and morbidity in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction and to compare the results between the two groups.


Almost fifty percent of the prison population is prisoners of narcotics, this situation is very worrying for the occurrence of drug abuse in prison. Overcrowding greatly affects the process of coaching prisoners, so it is likely that the expected goal of punishment will not be achieved. The nature of the type of research is normative juridical. The concept of coaching carried out to prisoners in prison is guided by Article 34 to Article 46 of Corrections Law No. 22 of 2022. The mentoring program for prisoners of drug abuse is carried out including personality coaching and independence coaching. Efforts to minimize the abuse of narcotics in prison are guided by Permenkumham No. 6 of 2013 relating to the Code of Conduct for Correctional Institutions and Detention Centers. Based on these regulations, efforts to minimize drug abuse in prisons are carried out with preventive and repressive actions. The obstacles faced by prisons in minimizing drug abuse in prisons include the unavailability of experts, obstacles from the community and the lack of infrastructure and facilities in carrying out the process of coaching prisoners.


ATER-REPELLENT SOILS are charW acterized by two undesirable physical properties : low water infiltration rate, and high runoff. Such soils have been reported in many parts of the world under various conditions, however, one of California's real practical problems involves soil-water repellency occurring on burned water-sheds. A high percentage of the many acres (primarily in southern California) burned over by wildfires every year includes soils which repel water. The combination of removing protective vegetation, and inducing water repellency causes an extreme erosion hazard. Surfactants (wetting agents) have already been demonstrated to allow water penetration into water-repellent soils. In one study at the San Dimas Experimental Forest, the application of surfactants greatly reduced erosion from the plots. However, in a later trial, the wetting agent treatment was not effective in erosion control. Several factors could influence the effectiveness of surfactant treatments. This report gives results of a study conducted to determine the effert of a few of these factors. One factor considered was the quantity of surfactant applied per unit area-and whether that quantity of surfactant was applied as a concentrate or whether it was diluted with water and the solution applied to the surface. Also considered were possible differences in results from applying water to the soil immediately after surfactant treatment, as compared with allowing the treatment to dry before water application. The type of surfactant was also investigated as a factor in the effectiveness. The study was conducted in the laboratory at Riverside on soils packed into glass columns. After a wildfire, soil-water repellency usually occurs in a layer at or just below the soil surface. The layer of water repellency varies in thickness. Be-


An autopsy is a significant event and should not be undertaken for simply narrow purposes. Forensic pathology institutions, whether in coronial or medical examiner jurisdictions, should be actively engaged in research, either directly or by facilitating access to bodies, tissues and data. The challenge, assuming that resources are available, is to do this lawfully, ethically, and in accordance with community expectations. Failure in the challenge will be wrong and cause damage to the reputation of the institution. The risks associated with such research therefore need to be managed. An approach which is transparent and based on respect for the deceased and consent for the activity, while no guarantee of success, is likely to engender community confidence in the activity and in those undertaking it.


Computer science disciplines are very important in the context of an emerging IT industry especially in the Eastern Europe countries where lots of companies invested in research and development sites. The need for highly qualified specialists is very acute and is expressed in several occasions as a request addressed to universities to double the number of bachelor graduates. In this sense universities try to adapt and they provide distance learning programs. In this context all the advantages of software must be used: generative learning objects, gamifications etc. A gamification model for sorting algorithms is proposed in this sense in order to exercise the logic steps of programming and algorithms thus triggering a way of thinking that is needed in the creation of new software. To motivate the student in performing the exercise we used some elements of game mechanics like score and difficulty levels. All the newly created e-learning models are provided to the student through an online Web application.


A new isoflavone, corylinin (1), along with six known compounds, isopsoralen (2), psoralen (3), sophoracoumestan A (4), neobavaisoflavone (5), daidzin (6) and uracil (7), have been isolated from the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L. The structure of 1 was established as 7,4′-dihydroxy-3′-[(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]isoflavone on the basis of the spectroscopic methods. Structures of the known compounds were identified by comparison of the literature.


The study of Confucian classics was gone,but its paradigms remained.In this article,the relation between the contemporary remains of paradigms of study of Confucian classics and the lack of creativity in the 20th century literary theory of china will be discussed from two hands: one is the consciousness of regarding classic as the resource of all scholarism;the other is the mode of all scholarism the all scholars commentate classics with commentary.The article points that the remains of paradigms of study of Confucian classics is the main obstruct to contemporary literary theory of china to cure its aphasia and to begin to create its primitivity.


Diffuse X-ray emission from the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) is studied by using all the archival data of pointed ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations. For this purpose, contributions from the point and point-like sources in the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) and PSPC source catalogues are eliminated and periods of high solar activity are excluded. The spectral analysis yielded characteristic temperatures of 10 6 –10 7  K for the hot thin plasma of the ISM which extends over the whole Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The total unabsorbed luminosity in the 0.1–2.4 keV band within the observed area amounts to $3.2 \times 10^{38}$ erg s -1 in the LMC and $1.1 \times 10^{37}$ erg s -1 in the SMC, each with an uncertainty of ~-40%, +100%. The X-ray luminosity of the LMC is comparable to that of other nearby galaxies with pronounced star formation. In the LMC, hot regions were found especially around the supergiant shell (SGS) LMC 4 and in the field covering SGS LMC 2 and LMC 3. Highest temperatures for the SMC were derived in the southwestern part of the galaxy. The diffuse X-ray emission is most likely a superposition of the emission from the hot gas in the interior of shells and supershells as well as from the halo of these galaxies.


Aman inhis60spresentedwith a 1-year historyof apalpablepainless mass over the right parotid area. No facial pain, local tenderness, or facial palsy was noted. Physical examination revealed a 2.5 × 2.5-cm, freelymovable, elastic, nontendermassover the right parotid area. A head and neck fat-suppressed, postcontrast T1weighted imagedemonstrateda 1.7-cmmultilocularperipherallyenhancingmass in theanterior superficial lobeof therightparotidgland (Figure,A,arrowhead).Onclinicalandradiologicalgrounds, themost likely diagnosis was thought to be pleomorphic adenoma or Warthin tumor.Right superficial parotidectomywasperformed, and the entire lesion was surgically removedwithout complications. There was no recurrence at the 5-month follow-up. The specimen sent for pathological examination measured 3.6 × 3.0 × 1.5 cmandweighed6.9g.Grossly, therewasagray,wellcircumscribed tumor measuring 1.7 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm within the salivarygland.Onthecutsurface, thereweremultiplecysticspaces filled with light yellow and greasy materials in the tumor. Microscopically, the tumorwascomposedofvarious-sizedcysticepithelialnests of squamoid cells and sebaceous cells, admixedwith some salivary ducts in abackgroundofprominent lymphoid stroma (Figure,Band C).No cell atypia or desmoplastic stromawasnoted.Histiocytic aggregation and multinucleated giant cell reaction were also seen (Figure, D). What is your diagnosis? A B


Introduction High-brilliance and high-energy X-rays are one of the greatest advantages of SPring-8. The use of high-energy X-rays allows us to measure diffraction patterns up to high values of the momentum transfer in reciprocal space in transmission geometry, using small scattering angles and small correction terms. This fortunate combination provides more detailed and reliable structural information of disordered materials (glasses, liquids and amorphous materials) than it has hitherto been available. On the other hand, use of the levitation technique allows us to achieve deeply supercooled states, because there is no interface between the liquid and a container wall. Hence we can obtain new metastable materials (glasses) from the supercooled levitated liquid. In this practical session, we will try to levitate an oxide melt at a temperature beyond 2,000 ̊C by using a conical nozzle levitator. We will learn how we can obtain reliable diffraction data and how we analyze the data. Furthermore we will try to perform structure modelling of disordered materials on the basis of diffraction data employing a computer simulation technique, in order to understand the relation between the structure of a liquid and its glass forming ability.


This talk presents an animation friendly, procedural solution for animating ropes in the movie The Sea Beast. With over 5000 ropes on our hero tall ship, we embarked on development of a better rope solution for our animators. The resulting rope rig would allow our animators to interact with ropes using intuitive controls, while producing complex shapes and preserving length. Character interactions with ropes were easy to produce, and stretchy, rubbery ropes avoided. This new rope rig was critical to the believability of our world, considering the massive number of ropes, in so many shots. With this new rig, we were even able to final some shots in animation, without having to simulate the rope dynamics at all.


After examining a large number of specimens representing all races, Petrides (1942) concluded that retention of primaries 9 and 10 from the juvenile plumage into the first post-juvenile plumage (first-winter plumage) is a species-wide phenomenon in the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus). Later, in describing first-winter plumages in the Galliformes, Petrides (1945), somewhat reversing his earlier opinion, reported a tendency for Florida turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scott) to retain only the 10th juvenile primary in winter. His latter finding has been repeatedly overlooked by subsequent writers. Distal primaries.-I have examined 37 juvenile specimens from the southeastern United States: 12 from northern Florida, 17 from Alabama, 4 from Mississippi, 3 from southern Georgia, and 1 from Louisiana. With only four exceptions, these specimens, taken in all seasons, retained only the 10th primary from the juvenile plumage. The ninth had been replaced with a feather similar to number eight. (The exceptions: one spring and one fall juvenile had replaced both distal juvenile primaries; one winter and one summer (second-year) juvenile were retaining both distal juvenile primaries 9 and 10.) Supplementing these data is the testimony of biologists in Florida (James A. Powell, pers. comm.) and Mississippi (S. G. Clawson, pers. comm.) that u keys in their respective states do not retain juvenile primary nine as part of their first-winter plumage. It seems clear, then, that turkeys in the Gulf States, including those of Florida and nearby southern Georgia westward at least to the Mississippi River, do not normally hold juvenile primaries 9 and 10 through the winter. The exact geographic ext t northward and westward is not readily apparent. Thirty of the 37 specimens examined by the writer came from the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico. Clawson (pers. comm.) reports that Mississippi turkeys from well into the northern part of the state (Greenville) exhibit a single juvenile primary during winter, but he can offer no definite information about populations north and northeast


Objective To explore the heart morphology and function of Apo E mice with high cholesterol-fed by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM),and to study the influence of increased cholesterol on heart by observation of myocardial collagen changes.Methods Twelve Apo E mice of 8 weeks age were selected and divided into two groups,then fed to 16 and 24 weeks age with high cholesterol respectively.C57BL/6 mice in 16 and 24 weeks age were selected as control group with 6 in each age group.The structure and flow,systolic and diastolic function of heart were analyzed by UBM,the serum lipid was analyzed in each group,and changes in myocardial collagen were assessed in 24 weeks age Apo E mice.Results Compared with control group,there was no significant difference among all age groups in the measurements of diameter in heart and great vessels and velocity in each valves(P0.05).The total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) in high cholesterol group were significant higher than those in control group(P0.05).Myocardial collagen was increased in 24 weeks age Apo E mice,especially type I collagen.Conclusion UBM can display the heart and great vessels of mice well,the serum lipid is obviously increased in high cholesterol-fed Apo E mice,myocardial collagen is increased in 24 weeks age Apo E mice,but it couldn't reflect the pathological changes of myocardium in mice by UBM now.


The matching book thickness mbt(G) of a graph G is the least number of pages in a book embedding such that each page is a matching; G is dispersable if mbt(G) = ∆(G), where ∆ is the maximum degree. A graph G is nearly dispersable if mbt(G) = 1 + ∆(G). Recently, Alam et al disproved the 40-year-old Bernhart-Kainen conjecture that all regular bipartite graphs are dispersable, motivating further work on dispersability. We show that most circulant graphs G with jump lengths not exceeding 3 are dispersable or nearly dispersable. Similar results are obtained for arbitrarily large jump lengths, obtained by rearranging repeated copies of a complete or bipartite complete graph.


In this paper, we introduce a new metric which we call the semantic translation error rate, or STER, for evaluating the performance of machine translation systems. STER is based on the previously published translation error rate (TER) (Snover et al., 2006) and METEOR (Banerjee and Lavie, 2005) metrics. Specifically, STER extends TER in two ways: first, by incorporating word equivalence measures (WordNet and Porter stemming) standardly used by METEOR, and second, by disallowing alignments of concept words to non-concept words (aka stop words). We show how these features make STER alignments better suited for human-driven analysis than standard TER. We also present experimental results that show that STER is better correlated to human judgments than TER. Finally, we compare STER to METEOR, and illustrate that METEOR scores computed using the STER alignments have similar statistical properties to METEOR scores computed using METEOR alignments.


Spectral analysis of data plays a central role in many signal processing applications, and comparing the relative output levels between filters often provides clues about the actual signals present in the data. Since data are often corrupted by noise, interference, or some other source of randomness, these filter outputs are also subject to random variations. Proper interpretation of these filter outputs is made possible by an awareness of the nature of their statistical variability. Thus, homework problems that illustrate how basic fundamental properties of random variables/vectors lend significant insight into the nature of such filter output comparisons are of great value in engineering practice. This talk will describe a handful of interesting problems that help with the interpretation of filtered data outputs used in some form of spectral analysis (e.g., FFT filters, beamformers, etc.). The problems considered will leverage notions of invariances, regeneration properties, and a basic algebra of random variables.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of the popularity of branded outdoor jackets among Korean adolescents. In-depth interviews with 13 teenage middle-school girls who had purchased and worn branded outdoor winter jackets, along with a semi-structured questionnaire, were conducted. Three themes emerged from the responses in terms of the motivations for adolescents' preferences toward branded outdoor jackets: media effects, peer pressure to conform, and parents' suggestions. Three themes also emerged concerning the meaning of wearing branded outdoor winter jackets: the development of a hierarchy, the internalization of this hierarchy, and a framework for use with other fashion brands. The findings of this research may serve as an initial attempt to address Korean adolescents' unique clothing behavior associated with branded outdoor sports jackets, to understand the adolescent market, and to provide the basis for identifying factors related to adolescents' fashion brand choices and for increasing extant knowledge of their brand perceptions.


The Trouble with Words The Trouble with Culture Global Brand or Global Bland? The Trouble with Creativity Network = Notwork The New International Line-Up Going It Alone More than Just Ads Where Do We Go from Here? Notes Index About the Author.


This paper studies an infinite horizon optimal control problem for discrete-time linear system and quadratic criteria, both with random parameters which are independent and identically distributed with respect to time. In this general setting, we apply the policy gradient method, a reinforcement learning technique, to search for the optimal control without requiring knowledge of statistical information of the parameters. We investigate the sub-Gaussianity of the state process and establish global linear convergence guarantee for this approach based on assumptions that are weaker and easier to verify compared to existing results. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate our result.


Recruitment is difficult to estimate but is essential for determining population trend. Recruitment in bears can be estimated from patterns in width of cementum annuli that indicate years with cubs. We evaluated reproductive history estimates from cementum annuli of 19 101 black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) collected over 20 years to determine the benefits and drawbacks of this technique for management agencies. The technique only worked to estimate reproductive histories for 25% of submitted samples, and 49% of samples with estimates contained uncertain litters. Whether uncertain litters were counted or not caused significant variation in estimates of age at first litter, number of litters per female, and interbirth intervals. Hence, naive treatment of uncertain litters may bias analyses. A data set we optimized to reduce bias showed that litters per female ranged from 0 to 12, mean interbirth interval was 2.07 years, and both increased as females aged. Large samples of teeth collected from harv...


Strong tropical storm"Pakhar"(1201)is the first tropical cyclone in the Northwestern Pacific and the South China Sea in this year.It is also the first tropical cyclone generated in the South China Sea in March since 1979.Using multiple sources of data,the intensity and moving track of"Pakhar"were analyzed.The results showed that,(1)Twice cold air processes affected the South China Sea during Pakhar developing."Pakhar"is quickly developed with the warm and wet sea surface condition and the abundant moisture and energy transportation.(2)The west Pacific subtropical high changed in a short cycle,which had important effect on the track of Pakhar.(3)The convergence of warm and clod air strengthened the vertical convections in the center of"Pakhar".It remained strong tropical storm when landing in Viet Nam.


The sustainability of virtual communities is determined by the extent to which users are willing to continue using the supported virtual space. Building upon the information system continuance model and the information adoption model, a research model explaining user continuance intention to use virtual communities (e.g., Web-based Bulletin Board Systems) is proposed. The proposed model was tested using an online survey with the users of a non-profit-making Bulletin Board System established by a local university in mainland China. The results suggest that satisfaction and information usefulness are the two key factors influencing users' continuance intention to use virtual communities. Satisfaction in turn is determined by information usefulness and source credibility, while information usefulness is determined by both information quality and source credibility. Surprisingly, information quality does not have any significant direct impact on user satisfaction. The findings provide important implications for both researchers and practitioners.


One of the most promising energy-efficient communication methods is the use of wake-up receivers. In this work, we will develop a novel wake-up communication system that uses Visual Light Communication (VLC) and an indoor solar panel as the receiver of the wake-up signal. After the reception of the wake-up signal, an interrupt generated by the wake-up receiver wakes up the wireless device attached.


The argument. Preface. Acknowledgements. Part I: The Passage from Modernity to Postmodernity in Contemporary Culture: . 1. Introduction. 2. Modernity and Modernism. 3. Postmodernism. 4. Postmodernism in the City: Architecture and Urban Design. 5. Modernization. 6. POSTmodernISM or postMODERNism?. Part II: The Political-Economic Transformation of late Twentieth-Century Capitalism: . 7. Introduction. 8. Fordism. 9. From Fordism to Flexible Accumulation. 10. Theorizing the Transition. 11. Flexible Accumulation - Solid Transformation or Temporary Fix?. Part III: The Experience of Space and Time: . 12. Introduction. 13. Individual Spaces and Times in Social Life. 14. Time and Space as Sources of Social Power. 15. The Time and Space of the Enlightenment Project. 16. Time-space Compression and the Rise of Modernism as a Cultural Force. 17. Time-Space Compression and the Postmodern Condition. 18. Time and Space in the Postmodern Cinema. Part IV: The Condition of Postmodernity:. 19. Postmodernity as a Historical Condition. 20. Economics with Mirrors. 21. Postmodernism as the Mirror of Mirrors. 22. Fordist Modernism versus Flexible Postmodernism, or the Interpenetration of Opposed Tendencies in Capitalism as a Whole. 23. The Transformative and Speculative Logic of Capital. 24. The Work of Art in an Age of Electronic Reproduction and Image Banks. 25. Responses to Time-Space Compression. 26. The Crisis of Historical Materialism. 27. Cracks in the Mirrors, Fusions at the Edges. References. Index.


Lithiation of triphenyl((trimethylsilyl)imino)phosphorane, Ph3PNSiMe3 (1), with MeLi gives the ortho-metalated species [Li(o-C6H4PPh2NSiMe3)]2·Et2O (2). It has all the requirements of an organometallic ligand capable of sidearm donation:  the deprotonated ortho phenyl carbon atom leads to metal−carbon σ bonds in reactions with metal halides, and the Ph2PNSiMe3 moiety donates an electron pair to that metal via the imine nitrogen atom. In reactions with InCl3 the In(III) organometallic complex [In(o-C6H4PPh2NSiMe3)3] (3) was obtained, while with FeCl2 a new example of the rare iron(II) 14-VE complexes [Fe(o-C6H4PPh2NSiMe3)2] (4) was obtained. Reaction of 2 with Ph3GeCl gave [Ph3Ge(o-C6H4PPh2NSiMe3)] (5). While in 4 both imino sidearms coordinate to the metal, because of steric crowding only two of the three present coordinate in 3. Because of the low Lewis acidity of the tetraorganogermanium moiety the imino sidearm does not donate to the central germanium atom in 5.


Parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects the nervous system directly and indirectly. The induced pathology may present typical imaging findings in neuroradiology. The hormone controls the physiological level of blood calcium. Increased serum PTH causes pathological features in the kidneys and especially in the skeleton where most calcium is situated. Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to hyperplasia or to adenomatous or carcinomatous degeneration of glandular tissue. It causes relapsing nephrolithiasis and, more seldon, nephrocalcinosis. Bone shows increased osteoclastic activity with various aspects of diffuse demineralization. In severe cases pathological fractures and sub-periosteal, sub-chondral reabsorptions appear, especially at the tendon and capsuloligamentous insertions. In even more severe disease fibrous osseous cysts and brown tumours may be found in bone. In the central nervous system, clinical symptoms, such as mental confusion, lethargy and exceptionally coma may appear. Radiologically, bone resorption can be observed in the skull as microlacunar confluent osteolysis (salt and pepper skull). Body fractures may develop in the spine. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due principally to renal failure. Both hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphoraemia cause the hormone secretion increase. In this case, other pathologic features are associated with the typical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. The uraemic kidney is inable to synthetize active vitamin D, leading to rickets in the young and osteomalacia in adults. Hyperphosphoraemia causes ectopic periarticular calcifications. Furthermore, the lack of degradation of an endogenous protein (beta 2 microglobulin) by the kidney and its poor elimination by dialytic treatment, cause chronic retention and consequent systemic amyloidosis which induces intraosseous cystic lesions and severe destructive arthropathy. All these aspects, together, are known as renal osteodystrophy. The radiological features of secondary hyperparathyroidism are the same as those observed in the primary form. In addition, all the lesions of renal osteodystrophy may be associated, further worsening the disease. In the secondary form, mild hypocalcaemia, if present, rarely leads to the neurological manifestations of the primary disease. Frequently carpal tunnel syndrome arises due to local amyloid infarction. Chronic aluminium retention may produce neurological aspects of dementia. Finally, the decrease of PTH hormone blood levels, as in hypoparathyroidism and the consequent hypocalcaemia may determine neurologic symptoms such as paresthaesias, and in severe disease, tetanic contractions. Radiologically, typical micronodular calcifications can be observed in the brain basal ganglia.


The minimal inhibitory concentration of netilmicin determined by the agar dilution method was correlated with the disk diffusion zone of inhibition against 322 clinical isolates. Regression line analysis revealed good correlation, r = −0.90, and suggested that isolates with zone sizes ≤14 mm should be considered resistant.


A helium-neon laser was used to measure the alcohol content of breath from six volunteers at regular intervals over up to four hours. The corresponding blood values were calculated with a blood:breath partition coefficient of 2100. When these values were compared with those obtained by direct measurement it was obvious that substantial variations occurred from one person to another in the derived values and that even in the same person the use of the partition coefficient of 2100 Summary Tests of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function were performed in 17 patients with intact molar pregnancies. Women with intact molar pregnancies had higher fibrinogen, factor VIII, and fibrinogen degradation products, concentrations and lower prothrombin, factor X, plasminogen, and plasminogen activator concentra-Department tions than controls with normal pregnancies. They also had reduced platelet counts and thromboelastographic values, which indicated hypocoagulability. These results suggest that intravascular coagulation occurs in intact hydatidiform molar pregnancies.


To enhance traffic efficiency, in this paper, a novel virtual belt algorithm is proposed for the management of an isolated autonomous intersection. The proposed virtual belt algorithm consists of an offline algorithm and an online algorithm. Using the offline algorithm, the considered intersection can be modeled as several virtual belts. The online algorithm is designed for the real-time application of the virtual belt algorithm. Compared with the related algorithms, the main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that, there are several candidate trajectories for each approaching vehicle. Thus, there are more opportunities for an approaching vehicle to obtain a permission to pass an intersection, which is effective to improve traffic efficiency. The proposed algorithm is validated using numerical simulations conducted by Matlab and VISSIM. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for autonomous intersection management.


In recent years, although crucial develeopment of diagnosis and curation for many cancers, it isa serious health problem has high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Therefore scientists havefocused on targeted therapy approaches lately. An inbitor or a drug, target spesific, may getsuccesful results inhibiting cell proliferation and cell growth in development of cancer. Lastdays, several important studies demonstrated that low dose aspirin utilization decreased insidinceand mortality of many cancers including colorectal, breast, gastric and lung cancer. In this reviewwe tried to summarize that aspirin utilization and its effects on cancer molecular mechanismsby current studies. Clarifying these mechanisms will provide an insight needed to developsignificant advancements for cancer therapy. Herewith it will be needed to determine aspirinusage profile of patients for each kind of cancer, getting either low or high aspirin dose forwhich cancer type and benefit risk ratio. Finally, survival of patients may be increased utilizinganti cancer effects of aspirin, a cheap, accesible and easily obtainable nonsteroidal drug and bythis way mortality rate of cancer may reduce in the future


Draw lessons from Chinese traditional academy and the university of British and American residential college system,that domestic universities set up " Double Functional" college as an undergraduate managerial mode has emerged. The development of this system need a process,which is difficult to internalize at outside in the domestic universities implementation. Therefore,we could better it from three aspects:change plane " Management" idea,and insist on three-dimensional education; discard formalism,and put system in place; perfect participation mechanism,and strengthen students' democratic autonomy.


This chapter is devoted to a detailed account of the life cycle of one film, arguably the high water mark of Dansk Kulturfilm's production: Jørgen Roos' 1960 short A City Called Copenhagen. This film was nominated for an Academy Award in the Short Subject category. The commissioning process and funding negotiations for this film were prolonged and complex, and are referred to in the film itself, an example of its use of humour. The film was shot on the cusp of the 1960s, and so documents changes to the cityscape, including the presence of Arne Jacobsen's SAS Hotel. A City Called Copenhagen also circulated very widely and in multiple languages, offering a rich history of distribution and reception. Shot on Eastmancolor stock, the film is an exemplar of how the material instantiation of informational films impacts on their life cycle, and illustrates how the use of digital restoration techniques can recover films for a new digital dispositif.


The effect of various pHs on winged bean and soybean protein-lipid films formation, proximate composition and rehydration capacity were studied. Film can only form within a specific range of pH. Films prepared at high pHs (7.5, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0) contained higher proportions of proteins, ash and carbohydrate but lower proportion of fat than those at pH 6.7, 2.5 and 2.0. Winged bean and soybean films were found to have different pattern of rehydration, however both tended to absorb more water at high pH. With regard to film formation efficiency, nutritional value (higher protein content) and rehydration capacity, soybean film is better than winged bean film.


PCFs have been revolutionizing VUV and DUV light sources. He-filled hollow-core PCF has produced narrow and broad-band light in the VUV (down to 113 nm), and solid-core ZBLAN PCF a supercontinuum down to 200 nm.


In TFT-LCD panel fabrication process, there are many kinds of defects which cause mal-functioning of TFT circuits, due to problems in manufacturing processes , machines and particles in the air. Line defect is main cause of yield loss in TFT-LCD fabrication process and detecting them is very difficult because of their tiny size. we propose high-speed and high precise automated line defect detection system. In order to high speed image grabbing, TTL position signal generated by XY gantry motion controller is used to synchronizing signal of strobe illuminator and camera. The effective image processing algorithms to find defects using the microscope image is adopted. In order to judge whether previously extracted defect is Line Defect or not, detect zone which represent Gate, Data layer zone line defect mainly caused is adopted also. The vision processing can detect very small defects (under 2um) in 90% success ratio and 60mm/sec high scan speed @10X microscopic lens. In addition, through the implementation embeded image processing PC, low image processing time(100msec) in each image and it can be parallelized with image scanning.


Negotiations concerning Greece's accession into the European Union began as early as 1961, when a cooperation agreement was signed between Greece and the European Economic Community (EEC). These negotiations were concluded 20 years later, on 1 January 1981, when Greece became the tenth full member of the EU.[1] The next major step in Greece's progress within Europe was integration into the Economic and Monetary Union in 2002. Greece has a 23-year history as a full member of the EU, and thus can be expected to have adopted many EU structures and regulations. One of the major parameters in the paper will be the transformation of Greece, over the last decade, from a migrant sender country into a host country. Indeed, migrant arrivals have come about largely against the backdrop of recent uncontrolled population movement following the collapse of the communist system in 1989, as well as that of the new world order and economic globalisation. The presence of approximately one million foreigners accounts for 10% of the population and has brought about a significant change in the country's demographic makeup. Furthermore, the fact that almost 11% of the pupils in primary education come from 46 countries (IPODE, 2003) has forced Greek governments to take specific steps in education policy, which, as we shall see below, fall within the general term of 'intercultural education'. These steps were taken, for the most part, in the 1990s, thus adding a third intercultural dimension to national and European counterparts. With the above data in hand, there will be an attempt to analyse and discuss the European and intercultural dimension comparatively, working on two levels: the political-institutional (educational policy) and the theoretical (pedagogical discourse). In particular, the major steps taken thus far by Greek governments regarding the European and intercultural dimension in education will be presented and commented on by comparison. Thereafter an outline will be offered of the theoretical discourse on the above two dimensions, as it has unfolded over the last two decades in Greece. Finally, an attempt will be made to arrive at some interim conclusions as to developments thus far and prospects for the two dimensions.


In this article,the stress problem for tapered round bar in axial tension and compress was carefully calculated with the material mechanics and elasticity,and error analysis.Thus it gives the approximate solutions of the scope of application,on the pole design with some reference value.


Background: LY2606368 is a CHK1/2 inhibitor. In addition to its role in DNA damage response, CHK1 also phosphorylates multiple downstream targets that regulate DNA replication, chromosome alignment, spindle checkpoints, and exit from cytokinesis. Since potent inhibition of CHK1 is predicted to generate DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe, LY2606368 was evaluated as a single agent in expansion cohorts of patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods: This was a phase I, multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label study in patients with advanced cancer (NCT01115790). Based on results from the dose-escalation phase, dose-expansion cohorts were comprised of patients with SCC given LY2606368 at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 105 mg/m 2 on day 1 of a 14-day schedule. Cohorts were defined by tumor location and by line of treatment. Patients were assessed for safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. Pretreatment biopsies were obtained for pharmacogenomic analysis, including human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Aggregate results from patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN are presented. Results: Fifty-seven patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN were enrolled in the dose-expansion phase. Over 50% of patients had received ≥2 prior lines of treatment (median of 3 cycles; range: 1 to 5) in the recurrent/metastatic setting. The most frequently reported adverse event (AE) was a transient (typically 10% of patients included thrombocytopenia (44%), anemia (25%), fatigue (23%), and headache (14%). The majority of non-hematologic AEs were grade 1 or 2 (per Common Terminology Criteria) in severity. Three patients (5%) had a partial response and 25 patients (44%) had stable disease for at least 3 cycles. The duration of response ranged from 4.8-7.8+ months, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.6 months (90% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8). Biopsy samples were evaluable from 34 patients. The median PFS by HPV status was 4.5 months in 15 patients who were HPV positive, and 1.4 months in 19 patients who were HPV negative (log-rank test, p = .0012). Conclusions: LY2606368 has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrates modest preliminary activity in a subset of patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN. The MTD of 105 mg/m 2 is confirmed as the recommended dose for phase II testing. Citation Format: Johanna Bendell, Stefan Grant, Filip Janku, Jeffrey Infante, William N. William, Todd M. Bauer, Sarina Piha-Paul, Ricardo Martinez, Sameera Wijayawardana, Ji Lin, Lisa Golden, Aimee Bence Lin, David Hong. Checkpoint kinase (CHK) 1/2 inhibitor LY2606368 in a phase I dose-expansion study in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT240. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT240


Palestinian women workers who, like other Arab female workers, are exploited in terms of sex (men receive twice what women earn) and class (only the poorest enter wage labor) are also exploited along political lines. Israel occupied the Gaza Strip in 1967, and its continued control of the territory has pulled female workers in two directions. On the one hand, occupation has both initiated and sustained female participation in the wage labor force. Conversely, it has severely curtailed job opportunity by suppressing the political and economic infrastructure of the Gaza Strip. In Gaza, where the distorted economy exacerbates distinctions based on sex and class, women's role in the work force as a low-paid, reserve army of labor is accentuated. The paper deals first with Palestinian women's subordination in the work force due to sex discrimination, then with women's subordination in the work force due to class. In the world at large, women enter the work force primarily out of economic necessity. In the Middle East, where societal stigmas discourage women from entering the labor market, women who work in wage labor are single, widowed or divorced; they are therefore among the poorest members of society. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has caused clearer class distinctions among Palestinians in Gaza due to the loss of land, which destroyed the middle class, and the post-1967 proletarianization of the refugee population. Except for a small commercial sector, Palestinians in Gaza work either in the professions or in wage labor, and job


The Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) plays a role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but little is known about NCX in microglia. We examined mRNA expression of NCX isoforms in cultured rat microglia and the effect of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on NCX activity. RT–PCR showed that all of the known NCX isoforms, NCX1–3, are expressed in cultured microglia. Ouabain and monensin increased 45Ca2+ uptake and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in microglia, suggesting the presence of NCX activity in the reverse mode. Treatment with IFN‐γ (100 U/mL) caused a biphasic increase in NCX activity. The transient increase in NCX activity by IFN‐γ for 1 h was blocked by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine and GF109203X, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A. The delayed increase in NCX activity by IFN‐γ for 24 h was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Treatment with IFN‐γ for 24 h increased NCX mRNA and protein levels. The increase in NCX activity and NCX protein by IFN‐γ for 24 h was blocked by staurosporine, GF109203X, herbimycin A and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor, PD98059. These findings suggest that NCX is up‐regulated by IFN‐γ in a biphasic manner in microglia. Moreover, PKC and tyrosine kinase are involved in the up‐regulation of NCX and the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase is also involved in the delayed increase in NCX activity.


In this new installment of the prediction markets column, Andreas Graefe summarizes the evidence he has uncovered on whether the design and implementation of a prediction market is worth the extra cost and effort involved, compared to a simple survey of the judgment of key individuals. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2010


This paper aims at critical examination of the Pool Finance Economic System (PFES). As it is known that usury (riba) basically is a making money method from money without encountering a risk and an effort. Conventional banks offer loans to institutions of state in exorbitant interest rates with the collected loans from different institution of the same state in cheap interest rates. Therefore, the conventional banks augment their money without risk through lending an institution's money to other sector of the same institution


During present investigation it was found that collar rot disease was noticed only after or around 1st fortnight of July, with maximum progress during 1st fortnight of August, and the disease ceases to progress after mid of October. Maximum progress of collar rot was observed during first fortnight of September. The weather factors like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, total rainy days and wind velocity collectively influenced the development and progress of the disease incidence in a positively correlated manner. Out of 42 germplasm/varieties only 5 of them were found to be resistant. The antagonist mixture of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudornonas fluoresens in (1:1) ratio was found to be best for collar rot management and yield increase.


Two dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenases (EC 22.214.171.124) were purified from extracts of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 10050 grown anaerobically on methanol and extracts of R. acidophila M402 grown aerobically on vanillyl alcohol. Both dehydrogenases have the same name based on the rules of enzyme nomenclature, and have similar properties in coupling to phenazine methosulfate and requiring ammonia as an activator, but differences between the two enzymes could be pointed out in many aspects, especially as to their substrate specificities. The former enzyme is active on methanol, whereas the latter is enzyme is completely inert on methanol. While the former enzyme does not act on vanillyl alcohol, the latter enzyme shows high affinity for vanillyl alcohol and some aromatic alcohols. Another evident difference is the behavior of the former enzyme toward oxygen. The methanol-induced enzyme was sensitive to oxygen. The enzyme lost its activity on exposure to oxygen, but the activity could be recovered by passing nitro...


The aim of this communication is to discuss the role played in the post-war reconstruction of physics in Milan by the studies on cosmic rays made by Milan physicists between 1945 and 1960 with the cloud chamber experimental technique. The main sources of this historical analysis comprise the reminiscences on cloud chamber physics made by John G. Wilson, Patrick M.S. Blackett, Lajos Jánossy, and Antonio Mura, and those on the history of physics in Milan made by historians of physics: P. Tucci, Lanfranco Belloni, Guido Tagliaferri, and Giovanni Polvani. A fundamental contribution to this work was given by the oral history with interviews to the physicists Guido Vegni and Ettore Fiorini. This communication is divided into two main parts. In the first one, we offer a short history of the device, the cloud chamber, and of the main discoveries made with it. In the second one, we study the use of the four cloud chambers built at the Institute of Physics of Milan. We analysis the situation of physics in Milan in the years under discussion, the experiments made with the cloud chamber and the obtained results. We conclude with a note on the importance of these studies in the reconstruction of physics in post-war Milan and their developments.


A highly sensitive and rapid platform for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been developed by combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats of associated protein 12 (CRISPR/cas12a). An isothermal sensor which serves as an indium tin oxide (ITO) based extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) and is equipped with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microwell, is used to detect the potential change on the sensing surface, induced by the LAMP/CRISPR reaction. The immobilized signal reporter, which is single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) on the ITO sensing surface, is cleaved by the activated CRISPR/cas12a. This trans-cleavage occurs due to the highly specific base-pairing of a nucleic acid target to a complementary guide ribonucleic acid (gRNA). The result is a significant potential change within four minutes. The diagnostic platform that is established in this study can be applied to the detection of other virus/bacteria through the use of different pathogen-specific LAMP/CRISPR assays. Therefore, this technique provides a rapid yet high performance platform for the detection of label-free pathogens.


Rapid solidification techniques can be used to produce the embedded nanoparticles in a desired matrix. The origin and morphology of these small particles and their transformation behaviour are still not fully understood. In this paper, we discuss the issues involved and present some interesting results in Al-Pb-In and Cu-Fe-Si systems.


ADVISOR is a sophisticated power-train simulation software program developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy's Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion System Program. It is public domain software that has been used to simulate conventional vehicles, series and parallel hybrids, fuel-cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Some omissions and limitations were found in the stream of calculations that the version of ADVISOR 2.2 uses to model traction and to set up braking strategies. In this paper modifications are presented that result in simulation improvements as high as 2.9% in the computed driving force requirement on a typical driving profile segment. These translate into interpolation corrections in drive-train performance maps for energy efficiency.


If brittle fault strength depends only on friction, slip instability is discouraged at low effective normal stress, σ. Stress drop and the critical stiffness necessary for unstable sliding both vanish with σ; small earthquakes cannot occur. Very low σ is inferred in the source region of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) on the San Andreas fault (SAF). Moreover, if pore pressure, p, is undrained at low σ, then instabilities are prevented at all scales. This is due to dilatant strengthening which arises due to a dependence of porosity on strain rate. Dilatant strengthening is σ‐independent and dominates at low σ. Undrained p is inferred over time scales of less than a few days for the SAF LFEs. Based on experiments that measure rapid contact overgrowth between 350 and 530°C at very low σ, fault failure controlled by time‐dependent cementation is invoked as an explanation for the SAF LFEs. Because this "cohesion" is σ‐independent, stress drops can occur at σ = 0. If in addition cohesion exceeds any dilatant strengthening during slip, cohesion dominates strength at low σ. Dilatancy measured in prior faulting and shear experiments indicate that at all stress levels steady‐state porosity depends on σ in addition to strain rate. Moreover, porosity at low σ depends elastically on the confining and differential stresses. A model with these additional pore pressure effects, friction, and time‐dependent cohesion, applied to the SAF LFEs produces stress drops, slip speeds, and durations that are consistent with the observations, when the shear‐induced dilatancy is not extreme.


Historically, the reduction in water quality has been associated with changes in land use, especially changes in urbanization and expansion of agricultural frontiers. The objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of the diatomological community and the use and occupation of the soil around three reservoirs (Arara, Rio do Canto and Araçagi) and natural lagoon (Lagoa do Paó) (Northeast Brazil). Land use was determined using high spatial resolution satellite images. Abiotic variables of water and total phosphorus, organic matter and diatoms in surface sediments were analyzed. Abiotic variables and assemblages of diatoms were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Four types of land use have been identified, associated with anthropogenic change and intensive use of the landscape. The PCA separated the reservoirs by trophic status based on the total phosphorus in the water. 24 taxa of diatoms distributed in 12 genera and 10 families were identified in the sediment. Our results indicate the occurrence of planktonic, epiphytic and benthic diatoms adapted to different trophic gradients


Along with microcomputer and microelectronic technology development,the control system was made up of micro-controller unit that has become the mainstream,stepper motors were also widely applied owing to own characteristics.On the use of micro-controller unit controlled multi-stepper motors simultaneously,under ex-locator card external conditions,which was researched mainly.Furthermore,its findings have applied in the practice and confirmed the outstanding operating performance.


Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups and one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes have been reported in the literature with few reports on diabetes and associated various oral soft tissue abnormalities. In this review, the known correlations between oral disease and diabetes mellitus are highlighted with the aims to increase the awareness of oral changes, complications of diabetes mellitus and to emphasize on need of studies to control these complications. It treats in depth some of the complications such as periodontal disease, fungal infection and salivary dysfunction.


 Abstract— The main aim of this study is to report the performance evaluation as well as the gained operational experiences of a solar- driven cooling plant after 5 years in operation, in addition, based on the gained experiences, a suggestion for an appropriate small- scale solar-driven cooling plant for hot arid areas. The plant performance results indicate: instead small solar energy values at the plant location, the daily solar fraction ranged from 0.33 to 0.41, and for the duration from August 2002 to November 2007 the total solar energy supplied to the chiller is 53914 kWh and the total external energy (gas energy) supplied to the chiller is 35249 kWh and their percentage are about 60% and 40%, respectively. The collectors' filed instantaneous mean efficiency value is about 0.63, the monthly average value varies from 34.1 % up to 41.8 %, with a five-year average value of 28.3 %, respectively and the daily chiller COP varies from 0.37 to 0.81, respectively. The gained from the operational experiences are: in hot arid areas, the water normally is rare, thus the re-cooling system should be designed based on dry re-cooling techniques. Moreover, based on the total initial capital cost of the entire solar cooling system, adsorption- cooling technology for small-scale solar-driven air-conditioning systems is the most appropriate. This is because these chillers can be driven by a low temperature energy source that can be obtained from flat plate collectors where, costs are a bit lower for flat plate collectors with liquid heat transfer carrier. Keywords—Solar cooling; Absorption chillers; Lithium bromide- water; operational experiences


The purpose of the present study was to analyze the measure- ment invariance and differential item functioning of the Spanish version of the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness across gender. The sample was composed of 1,600 women and 1,598 men from Spain, with ages ranging from 18 to 84 years old. The Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness only showed weak invariance for men and women. The differential item func- tioning analysis showed that only item 2 ("I feel that I am shy when it comes to sex") flagged moderate uniform differential item functioning. More specifically, women tended to respond "Always" to this item more frequently than did men. Results strongly suggested eliminating item 2, re- sulting in a final version with 18 items clustered into two dimensions with good reliability values for men and women. Standard scores for both Initia- tion and No Shyness/Refusal reflected traditional sexual scripts for men and women.


This classic grounded theory aimed to discover the family dynamics of caring within the context of mental illness. Thirty-seven participants were recruited in selected mental healthcare facilities in southernmost part of the Philippines. Data were generated from in-depth one-on-one semistructured interviews and participant observations. Constant comparison was used for data analysis. The theory of intertwining spirality-synchrony emerged that captures togetherness, termed as "being-one-with-the-other." It is the merging of separate entities, one distinct from the other but chose to share a synchronous, communal connection that creates a whole, single system that is empowering and beneficial.


The invention discloses continuous production equipment of vacuum glass, comprising a sealing furnace for carrying out even heating and sealing on the glass, a heating box inlet and outlet sealing furnace mechanism, a heating box for storing the vacuum glass, an opening and placing mechanism of a box cover of the box, a natural cooling device of the box cover, an evacuation vent mechanism and a mechanism for taking out finished vacuum glass and placing the vacuum glass to be sealed. The continuous production equipment of the vacuum glass has the characteristics of continuous process, multi-station and high efficiency.


Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are driving progress in object detection of high-resolution remote sensing images. Region proposal generation, as one of the key steps in object detection, has also become the focus of research. High-resolution remote sensing images usually contain various sizes of objects and complex background, small objects are easy to miss or be mis-identified in object detection. If the recall rate of region proposal of small objects and multi-scale objects can be improved, it will bring an improvement on the performance of the accuracy in object detection. Spatial attention is the ability to focus on local features in images and can improve the learning efficiency of DCNNs. This study proposes a multi-scale spatial attention region proposal network (MSA-RPN) for high-resolution optical remote sensing imagery. The MSA-RPN is an end-to-end deep learning network with a backbone network of ResNet. It deploys three novel modules to fulfill its task. First, the Scale-specific Feature Gate (SFG) focuses on features of objects by processing multi-scale features extracted from the backbone network. Second, the spatial attention-guided model (SAGM) obtains spatial information of objects from the multi-scale attention maps. Third, the Selective Strong Attention Maps Model (SSAMM) adaptively selects sliding windows according to the loss values from the system's feedback, and sends the windowed samples to the spatial attention decoder. Finally, the candidate regions and their corresponding confidences can be obtained. We evaluate the proposed network in a public dataset LEVIR and compare with several state-of-the-art methods. The proposed MSA-RPN yields a higher recall rate of region proposal generation, especially for small targets in remote sensing images.


Banking industry is one of the industries which show the presence of tight competition. The competition itself can be seen from the number of banks which operates in Indonesia in 2014, that is 119 banks. The aim of doing this research is to analyze the different financial performances between Significant effect on the level of 5% and Private banks, and also to analyze the variable influence of bank finance performances to the stock price. The analyzing method which will be used on this research is radar and regression analyzing graphic illustration techniques. The result of this research shows that financial performances of SEOs Banks is better than Private Banks according to the profitability, productivity, and growth potential aspect, while on the aspect of liquidity, private banks has a better performance than SOEs banks. In terms of solvability, both banks have the same financial performances. According to the regression analysis, it is known that the bank financial performance on CAS and NIM variable has a positive and significant influence to the stock prices, while on LDR, CRR, CAR, DRR, and ROA variables they have a negative and significant influence to the stock prices. This shows that the investors have made those variables as a benchmark in their investing policies and they tend to pursue the stocks from SOEs banks rather than private banks, because generally SOEs banks have a better financial performance than private banks. Keywords: regression analysis, bank, stock prices, financial performances, radar method


Abstract The reaction of C(NMe2)4 (1) with M(CO)6 (M = Cr, W) in THF solution leads to the anionic carbamoyl complexes [C(NMe2)3][(CO)5MC(O)NMe2] (2a, M = Cr; 2c M = W). In the case of M = Mo the resulting complex 2b is not obtained; instead, the salts [C(NMe2)3]2[Mo2(CO)10] (3) and [C(NMe2)3][(CO)4Mo(O2CNMe2)] (4) are isolated. The crystal structures of 2a, 3, and 4 are presented. In the salt-like compounds no interatomic contacts between anion and cation exist, and the cations are disordered. The structure of 4 shows two independent molecules. The compounds were further characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy.


Background: Improving feed efficiency and limiting nutrition costs together with environmental impacts are key issues for beef producers. In addition to studies to assess the nutritional value and environmental impact of different rations, it would be useful to develop tools to better assess their profitability. Methods: The software developed here enables to evaluate the expected margin for a defined herd according to breeding duration, nutrition components, nutrition costs, carcass weight and expected selling price of the carcass. Results: The software allows the user to better estimate which nutrition strategy is associated with the best profitability for the herd sale. Conclusion: This software provides a principle of assisted herd nutrition costs and sale margin estimation. The software development may facilitate the design of personalized protocols for herd breeding optimization and costs reduction.


We contend that the dependence of traditional density functional theory (DFT) on the one-electron density alone is both its strength and its weakness. We argue that progress beyond Kohn–Sham DFT involves the introduction of two-electron information and present intracules as a natural and concise source of this. We define special cases called the Jand K-intracules and discuss these in the context of both model systems and real molecules. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This article presents the Polanyi's hypothesis of personal knowledge and the advices on teaching of computers,namely,cultivation of students' aesthetic values,and offering them more qualified practices.


Broad learning has attracted wide attention since it was proposed, because of its characteristics of short training time and online updating. However, there are many problems in the original broad learning, such as low prediction accuracy, large computational consumption of resources, and many redundant data in the calculation process. Therefore, this paper proposes a broad improvement method based on dense connection of feature layers and using Elastic Net to sparse feature layers. The different Windows of the feature layer of the original broad learning system were put into the form of dense connection, and then Elastic Net was introduced to sparse the feature nodes, and then the sparse feature nodes were combined with the input data as the input of the enhancement layer nodes, making the model more compact. The proposed method was applied to a public dataset to verily the results. The experimental results show that the proposed method has short training time and higher accuracy than other methods.


An electron density map of the large ribosomal subunit from Bacillus stearothermophilus was obtained at 26 Å resolution by single isomorphous replacement (SIR) from a derivative formed by specific quantitative labeling with a dense undecagold cluster. For derivalization, a mono‐functional reagent of this cluster was bound to a sulfhydryl group of a purified ribosomal protein. which was in turn reconstituted with core particles of a mutant lacking this protein. The native, mutated, and derivatzed 50S ribosomal subunits crystallize under the same conditions in the same space group. Under favorable conditions, crystals of the derivatized subunit proved to be isomorphous with the native ones, whereas the crystals of the mutant may have somewhat different packing.


Introduction and Aims: This study evaluates the effect of risedronate (Actonel) on proximal femoral bone loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Studies have shown that alendronate (Fosamax) reduces periprosthetic bone loss after primary THA. We hypothesise that patients who take risedronate, post-THA, will have less bone loss than patients not taking risedronate. Method: All patients in this prospective study undergo uncemented THA and follow the same post-operative protocol. Patients in the study group take five mg of risedronate daily, beginning five to seven days pre-operatively, and continuing for 24 months after surgery. Patients randomised to the control group do not receive risedronate. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the operated proximal femur are performed on all patients pre-operatively, three to seven days post-operatively, and then six weeks, six months, one year and two years post-operatively. Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) are compared within and between the two groups. Results: Analysis of data for female subjects showed the percent change in BMD (g/cm 2 ) for the control group at six months was −9.71% and for the study group −4.55%. Longitudinal changes in BMD between groups were examined using repeated measures analysis within each gender and were found to be significantly different between groups of females (p=.05). A similar trend was observed among the male subjects. One and two-year prospective data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion: Bone loss after THA can increase the rate of failure of THA and cause revision surgery to be more complex and have compromised outcomes. Short-term data reveal significantly decreased bone loss after uncemented THA among patients taking risedronate.


The invention discloses a self-adapting multimedia stream control method in a sensor network, which belongs to the field of communication networks of computers. The method comprises the following steps: a data link layer dynamically monitors an interface array according to the characteristics of the multimedia coded video sequence and informs an application layer in time; when the quality of a radio link gets poor, and the communication congestion occurs or probably occurs, the application layer starts an active video frame discarding policy, and a transmitting node actively discards part of low priority video frame data which are less important to the playing quality of a receiver so as to reduce a communication load and increase the successful transmitting probability of a high priorityvideo frame; and when the communication is normal, the transmitting node normally transmits the video frame. The invention can improve the playing quality of a video stream at the receiver, reduce theenergy consumption of the node and improve the performance for transmitting multimedia data in real time by the wireless sensor network.


EDRS Price MF-r$0.25 BC Not Available from EDRS. Adjectives, Consonants, Deep Structure, *Hausa, *Morphophonemics, Nominals, *Phonology, Suffixes, Surface Structure, *Tone Languages, *Transformation Generative Grammar, Verbs, Vowels This paper attempts to describe various details of the tonal system of Hausa within the framework of generative phonology. Aspects of tone in Hausa are discussed under the following headings: low tone raising, low-high rule, falling tones and the evaluation measure, tone deletion, and derived nouns and adjectives. Where specific proposals are presented arguments are given which make explicit the author's reasons for believing that phonological theory must value these proposals more highly than conceivable alternatives. The author notes that for the purposes of the present paper the issue of rule ordering is largely ignored and "underlying forms" discussed are assumed to be as close .to surface realizations as possible. [Not available in hard copy because of marginal legibility of original document. ] (FWB) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. THE MORPHOPHONEMICS OF TONE IN HAUSA


Diabetes patient educa tion, a preventive health service, is an integral component of the overall program of care for the diabetic patient. Affecting both biomedical and psychosocial status, it may be analyzed through its knowledge- and behavior-based com ponents. Both are impor tant to the overall result, and each involves distinct provider knowledge and skills for successful, effec tive application. This application optimally in cludes a reproducible process involving a needs assessment, educational content planning, im plementation strategies, and appropriate evaluative methods. Familiarity with these concepts and tech niques will benefit the interested health care provider.


This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of static stretching, eccentric strength training and task-specific landing training on plantar-flexor flexibility and strength, and on ankle biomechanics during a landing task. Results demonstrated that static stretching was most effective at increasing dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and may also be effective in reducing plantar-flexor strain during landings. No change in ankle biomechanics was observed in the control and eccentric strength training groups; although task-specific landing training improved muscular coordination and increased load absorption time during landings. Stretch and landing training may each be effective methods for decreasing plantar-flexor injury risk in sports involving landing movements, albeit via different mechanisms.


Autonomous ships (AS) used for cargo transport have gained a considerable amount of attention in recent years. They promise benefits such as reduced crew costs, increased safety and increased flexibility. This paper explores the effects of a faster increase in technological performance in maritime shipping achieved by leveraging fast-improving technological domains such as computer processors, and advanced energy storage. Based on historical improvement rates of several modes of transport (Cargo Ships, Air, Rail, Trucking) a simplified Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulation of an intermodal transport model (IMTM) is used to explore the effects of differing technological improvement rates for AS. The results show that the annual improvement rates of traditional shipping (Ocean Cargo Ships = 2.6%, Air Cargo = 5.5%, Trucking = 0.6%, Rail = 1.9%, Inland Water Transport = 0.4%) improve at lower rates than technologies associated with automation such as Computer Processors (35.6%), Fuel Cells (14.7%) and Automotive Autonomous Hardware (27.9%). The IMTM simulations up to the year 2050 show that the introduction of any mode of autonomous transport will increase competition in lower cost shipping options, but is unlikely to significantly alter the overall distribution of transport mode costs. Secondly, if all forms of transport end up converting to autonomous systems, then the uncertainty surrounding the improvement rates yields a complex intermodal transport solution involving several options, all at a much lower cost over time. Ultimately, the research shows a need for more accurate measurement of current autonomous transport costs and how they are changing over time.


Abstract:  We present a 16‐year‐old girl with tuberculosis of the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver, who had extensive inflammatory lesions with pustules, which resembled psoriasis. A skin biopsy showed extensive tuberculoid granulomas surrounding hair follicles, consistent with lichen scrofulosorum. Antitubercular therapy led to resolution of skin lesions. This severe inflammatory type of lichen scrofulosorum is extremely rare.


This study represents an important first step in understanding the ways in which Japanese adults savor positive experiences. Our initial empirical evaluation of the Japanese translation of the WOSC produced promising evidence of its utility in measuring Japanese savoring strategies. Future researchers can use this measurement tool with confidence to investigate savoring in Japan and in work comparing savoring across cultures.


The number of high-performance IoT devices has increased, resulting in much development of services both in terms of equipment and services for IoT. The major challenges in the realization of the services is the convenience of use of the protocol and time spend data from sending to be accessed. MQTT and CoAP are usually used for such services because these protocols can support the publish-subscribe architecture. So many applications that have been developed using those application protocol. However, these protocols on simple devices such as NodeMCU usually only use one broker or server, so it is necessary to choose the right protocol for the type of communication architecture based on several assessments. In this paper, we propose a scheme to stream a lot of data from publisher to subscriber using an IoT device that is microcontroller NodeMCU 8266 using two different protocol, there are MQTT and CoAP. NodeMCU will act as publisher or responder and can act as subscriber or sending request to get data from publisher. By the experimentation, we can see that the differences time spend, accuracy and the convenience from using MQTT and CoAP schemes. MQTT is more accurate than CoAP, but CoAP requires less time to complete the transmission. The use of MQTT and CoAP also varies depending on the purpose and form of communication.


Design of Metasurface (MS) lens operating at 28 GHz frequency is proposed in this work for gain enhancement with focused beam in broadside direction. The transmission type MS lens consists of Huygens' unit cell arranged in a 15×15 matrix in order to provide phase compensation to the incidenting phase profile from the feed. The unit cell provides more than 360° transmission phase coverage with a single dielectric substrate layer. The overall antenna system consists of a feed horn and a planar MS lens with hyperbolic phase profile. The size of the lens is 7.28 λ0×7.28 λ0× 0.14 λ0 (where, λ0is free space wavelength at operating frequency i.e. 28 GHz). The proposed MS lens improves the gain of Ka-band pyramidal horn by 8.4 dB, resulting in a broadside gain of 23.40 dBi. This short focus high gain antenna system can be used for various 5G applications.


Transformation of the presentation in Vivaldi's instrumental concertos is considered in this paper. It is noted that the Corellian model of the concerto (concerto grosso, changeable number of movements, variety of tempos, thematic unity of tutti and solo episodes, trio-sonata-like instrumentation of the concertino) becomes the basis for Vivaldi's modifications. His model is based on a solo concerto prevalation, a fast — slow — fast three-movements structure, ritornello musical form in the outer movements and the motivic mosaic of the first tutti. The significance of these transformations gives grounds to define them as a paradigmatic shift in the evolution of the genre. It is emphasized that these changes would be impossible without reviewing of the presentation in the orchestra. Innovations concern the ways of highlighting a soloist, the use of inexact (background-ornamental) doubling, activation of the internal orchestral soloists (especially in concertos for a wind instrument), increasing the significance of alternations, intensification of timbral, register, textural, dynamic, and thematic contrasts, changes in the orchestra's composition (the double bass), and expansion of a palette of soloing instruments. It is pointed out that all these modifications had a strong impact on the development of the orchestra. First, the rise of wind instruments and reinforcement of expression in their parts resulted in the diversification of the orchestral sound: probably, we would not have heard the Mannheim Orchestra without Vivaldi's concertos. Secondly, the dominance of the homophonic texture formed a proper basis for internal orchestral soloing and increased the relevance of a particular timbre color. Third, the standardization of a four-parts string section formed the basis for further changes of the orchestra. Fourth, the use of such orchestral techniques as the pedal (the future substitute for the basso continuo in the orchestra of Viennese classics), background-ornamental doublings, unison texture, etc. reflected in ways of musical material presentation in all orchestral genres. Everything convinces that the interdependence between the evolution of the instrumental concerto and the transformations of the orchestra is evident and strong.


An experimental system for spectrum-spliced dense wavefength division multiplexed passive optical network(DWDM-PON)based on broadband light source(BLS)is proposed.We compare the different effects of crosstalk in adjacent channel and non-adjacent channel based on the theoretical calculation as well as the experimental packet loss rate and frequency spectrum.We also fox the theoretical and the experimental crosstalk power penalty.The results show that at the 0.8nm channel spacing,125Mbit/s per channel,the power penalty caused by adjacent channel crosstalk is about 0.2dB.The crosstalk caused by adjacent channel is much greater than that caused by non-adjacent channel.The effects of non-adjacent channel can be generally ignored..


The author wishes to acknowledge much valuable guidance and assistance given by Professor R. V. Bradlaw, Dr G. N. Jenkins and Mr D. J. Newell. Thanks are also due to Dr J. H. Bushill of J. Lyons and Company Ltd, Mrs M. V. Jackson of the Northern Counties Training College of Cookery and Domestic Science and Mrs I. Alderson of the Good Housekeeping Institute for their advice on various aspects of the inquiry; to the subjects for their uncomplaining co-operation; and to Willing's Press Service Limited for a gift of Meatendra.


Abstract A 1-year study was conducted from February 1999 to January 2000 to determine the effects of low levels of salinity on selected hematological parameters (total protein, hematocrit, leukocrit, and osmolality) and the health of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared in ponds managed under the multiple cropping production strategy. We stocked 2,000 catfish into 15 ponds (0.08 ha each) that we subdivided into five replicate ponds per each of three NaCl (salinity) treatments: freshwater conditions (nominal salinity = 0 g/L of water) or adjusted salinities of 1.5 or 3 g/L. Total protein, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality for fish reared at the NaCl-induced salinities were significantly higher than those for fish cultured in freshwater. Although the leukocrit of fish reared at a salinity of 3 g/L was significantly higher than that of fish reared in freshwater or at 1.5 g/L, all were within the normal ranges reported for channel catfish. Although two bacterial diseases known to routinely affect channe...


Abstract The nuclei of the lithium isotopes are fragile, easily destroyed, so that, at variance with most of the other elements, they cannot be formed in stars through steady hydrostatic nucleosynthesis. The 7Li isotope is synthesized during primordial nucleosynthesis in the first minutes after the Big Bang and later by cosmic rays, by novae and in pulsations of AGB stars (possibly also by the ν process). 6Li is mainly formed by cosmic rays. The oldest (most metal-deficient) warm galactic stars should retain the signature of these processes if, (as it had been often expected) lithium is not depleted in these stars. The existence of a "plateau" of the abundance of 7Li (and of its slope) in the warm metal-poor stars is discussed. At very low metallicity ([Fe/H] < −2.7dex) the star to star scatter increases significantly towards low Li abundances. The highest value of the lithium abundance in the early stellar matter of the Galaxy (logϵ(Li) = A(7Li) = 2.2 dex) is much lower than the the value (logϵ(Li) = 2.72) predicted by the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, according to the specifications found by the satellite WMAP. After gathering a homogeneous stellar sample, and analysing its behaviour, possible explanations of the disagreement between Big Bang and stellar abundances are discussed (including early astration and diffusion). On the other hand, possibilities of lower productions of 7Li in the standard and/or non-standard Big Bang nucleosyntheses are briefly evoked. A surprisingly high value (A(6Li)=0.8 dex) of the abundance of the 6Li isotope has been found in a few warm metal-poor stars. Such a high abundance of 6Li independent of the mean metallicity in the early Galaxy cannot be easily explained. But are we really observing 6Li?