Hypothesis Stem surface finish & cement mantle conformity influences pressure at the stem/cement interface, under physiological load. Method We developed a scaled mechanical analogue of a cemented Exeter femoral stem with a temperature and pressure controlled fluid environment. The stem was subjected to physiological torsional & axial loads using a material testing machine with two perpendicularly mounted actuators. Rough (Ra=2.2μm), matt (Ra=1.16μm) & polished (Ra=0.02μm) stems were tested in both conforming & artificially created, asymmetrically worn, cement mantles. Pressure was recorded at five sites along the interface. Results Pressure was generated in both conforming and worn mantles. Peak pressures recorded in worn mantles were nearly four times greater than in conforming; peak stem tip pressures, worn: 12000Pa, versus conforming: 4680Pa. The axial load was the main determinant of pressure generation in the conforming mantle. Torsional loads generated a rise in interface pressure in both mantle types but the resultant stem toggle seen in the worn mantle had a significant positive effect on pressure. Pressure fluctuations generated in the conforming mantle had the greatest range at the tip. Peak pressures within the worn mantle were more uniform, but marginally greater on the posterior wall. Surface finish influenced pressure; surface roughness had a positive association with pressure within conforming mantles & the reverse effect in worn mantles. Conclusion Asymmetrical wear leads to increased pressure generation at the stem/cement interface under physiological loads, with the torsional load playing a key part in pressure generation. Well fixed, debonded stems also generate limited pressure fluctuations at their mantle interface. This is principally due to axial load. Mantle shape dictates the influence of surface finish on pressure; surface roughness increases pressure within conforming mantles, but reduces pressure when the mantle is worn. This may be a confounding effect of worn mantle shape, restricting non-polished stem movement.


I compile novel data measuring county‐level travel distances to abortion facilities and resident abortion rates from 2009 through 2020. Using these data, I implement a difference‐in‐difference research design measuring the effects of driving distance to the nearest abortion facility on abortions and births. The results indicate large but diminishing effects: an increase from 0 to 100 miles is estimated to reduce abortion rates by 19.4% and increase birth rates by 2.2%, while the next 100 miles reduces abortions by an additional 12.8% and increases births by an additional 1.6%. Based on this evidence, I forecast the effects of post‐Roe abortion bans on abortion rates by county, state, and region. In a scenario in which total abortion bans take effect in 24 states, about one‐quarter of residents seeking abortions are predicted to become trapped by distance and about three‐quarters of those who are trapped are predicted to give birth as a result.


It's worth noting that the present paper lies within the range of modeling the learner in adaptive educational system as a conceptual modeling of the learner. Thought they are several methods that deal with the learner model; like stereotypes methods or learner profile…, but they are likely unable to handle the uncertainty embedded in the dynamic modeling of the learner. The present paper aims at studding different models and approaches to model the learner in an adaptive educational systems, and coming up with the most appropriate method based on the dynamic aspect of this model. The aim of this study is the argue that the learner model cannot be completely modeled based on one single method through the entire development process, but it needs a combination between several methods that will help for a complete modeling. Index Terms—Learner model, Adaptive Educational Systems, Overlay model, Stereotypes, Bayesian networks.


Border Disease Virus (BDV), a pestivirus from the Flaviviridae family, is an important pathogen of sheep and goats responsible for significant losses in farms around the world. In spite of the relevance of this pathogen there are only a few epidemiological studies on BDV infection and, as a consequence, the economic impact on small ruminant productions is probably under-estimated. The aims of this study are i) to determine the distribution of BDV in small ruminant farms in Sardinia and genetically characterize circulating strains ii) analyze the relation between seroprevalence, Somatic Cells Count (SCC) an milk yeld. ELISA was performed using "BVDV/MD/BDV p80 Protein Antibody Test Kit" (IDEXX) on serum of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected from Sardinian sheep flocks and goat herds between spring 2014 and 2015. The number of sampled farms corresponded to 8.5% of all registered farms in Sardinia. RNA was isolated using Qiamp Viral RNA mini kit from the cellular fraction of each ELISA positive BTV sample and amplified by rt-PCR using complementary primers to a highly conserved region in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the viral genome. The amplicons were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Geographic distribution of collected specimen, seroprevalence and virological positive samples were analyzed via GIS (ESRI ARCGIS 10.3). ELISA screening shows a seroprevalence of 8.3% among goat farms and 10.5% among ovine farms. Ten from the ELISA positive samples were found rt-PCR positive. The sequence analysis indicates that all the amplified samples match with BDV genomes and the phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses clustered in the same group classified as BDV-7. BDV-7 is the only group isolated in Sardinia so far.


The European Technology Platform Photonics21 is an organization to coordinate common applied research and industrial activities and to realize large multibillion applied technological projects. Analogous projects of global weight are established in the USA (National Photonics Initiative) and in Asia. Photonics21 organization calls and names Photonics a key enabling technology of Europe in 21 century, and estimates that it will decide of the development of many fields of industry and civilization infrastructure during this century. It concerns such areas like: medicine, environment protection, food production and agriculture, telecommunications, transportation, civil engineering, safety, immediate human environment, etc. There is lively interest of this country and local research and industrial, economic and political communities in active participation in such large pan European industrial sectors initiatives. The paper, prepared on the basis of the public and membership materials of Photonics21, and Polish public organizations involved in Photonics presents a concise portrait of these organizations, their activities, from the perspective of abilities and ambitions of Europe and this country.


This paper presents a novel 3D real-time geographical routing protocol (3DRTGP) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides a unique adaptive packet forwarding region (PFR) selection algorithm based on network density. 3DRTGP controls the number of forwarding nodes to reduce collision in the network, which in turn, enables it to meet real-time application requirements, i.e., packet delivery within a specified deadline. In order to make 3DRTGP viable, we provide a solution for void node problem (VNP) in 3D deployment. The performance evaluation through simulation shows significant improvements in end-to-end delay and missratio over similar 3D geographical routing protocols.


The following coding system should be used to reference the GLEs: STRANDS: Cr = Create Pr = Perform (Dance, Music, Theatre)/ Present (Media Arts, Visual Arts) Re = Respond Cn = Connect Conceiving and developing new artistic ideas and work. Realizing artistic ideas and work through interpretation and presentation. Realizing, interpreting and sharing artistic work. Understanding and evaluating how the arts convey meaning Relating artistic ideas and work with personal meaning and external context.


Abstract This paper reports the undermined potential of broad range of (Information and communication technologies) ICTs that remained effective yet unnoticed in different flood-phases to exchange traffic, travel, and evacuation related information. The objective was to identify convenient ICTs that people found operational in life cycle of a flood. For the purpose, ICTs were tested in relation to 18 different variables based on personal capabilities, demographic, and vehicle-based information etc. Samples of 105 and 102 subjects were recruited from flood-prone communities of developing and developed case-studies respectively, through random sampling and analyzed through Multinomial Logistic Regression. Those categories of independent variables that showed p-value ≥ 0.05 were considered to model the results. The main findings showed that in developed countries TV, mobile phone subscriptions and international news channels were prominent source of information whilst in developing countries multiple messengers, Facebook and contributory websites were impactful for information dissemination. The results are useful for academia, engineers, and policy makers and for future work same variables can be tested for different disaster affected communities.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of AT2 receptors in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (alpha-TNF) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts.

METHODS
Adult rat cardiac fibroblasts in in vitro culture were divided into control, Ang II, AngII + Losartan, and AngII + PD123319 groups with corresponding treatments. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine alpha-TNF and IL1 beta levels in the supernatant of the treated cardiac fibroblasts.

RESULTS
Ang II treatment resulted in significantly increased alpha-TNF and IL1 beta levels. Compared with AngII group, IL1 beta level was decreased by 69.1% and 78.7% and alpha-TNF by 58.7% and 65.9% after blocking AT1 and AT2 receptors, respectively.

CONCLUSION
AT2 receptors are involved in alpha-TNF and IL1 beta secretions in cardiac fibroblasts.


Internal combustion engines (ICE) are frequently debated due to their environmental consequences. Although the switch to electromobility is currently happening for light and medium-duty vessels, the transition for ships and heavy-duty trucks is more complex. The primary problem in the shift is the incapability of matching the range of ICE. Maintaining the ICE for large vessels is inevitable, requiring intensive research to improve the combustion engine technology to reduce their impact on the environment. Operating engines in nonstandard conditions, such as low-temperature ranges or utilizing partially premixed mixtures, reduces emissions such as NOx or soot. Simulating these scenarios requires special modeling techniques that can advance finite rate chemistry and simulate mixed combustion modes. The Linear Eddy Model (LEM) is a potential candidate to simulate these methods. LEM is a regime and mode-independent mixing model initially developed for nonreactive flows [1] and later extended to include reactive flows [2]. LEM advances finite rate chemistry, solves turbulence on a one-dimensional line, and advances molecular diffusion and heat convection. It offers the possibility of capturing the turbulence-chemistry interaction directly, which is essential for predicting pollutants formation. In this thesis, the coupling of LEM to a CFD code that simulates the spray chamber geometry is referred to as the Representative Interactive LEM (RILEM). RILEM describes the combustion chamber key parameters and interacts with the CFD in real-time as a combustion model to update its chemical state. RILEM shares similarities with the Representative Interactive Flamelet model (RIF) [3]. RIF is essentially the coupling of a CFD domain to laminar flamelets embedded in a turbulent flow; the coupling is based on the scalar dissipation rate χ for non-premixed [4], and on combustion progress variable c or level set approach for premixed cases [5]. RILEM features distinct differences compared to RIF, mainly the possibility of simulating partially premixed combustion modes and the ability to represent combustion on a physical one-dimensional line. A previous version of RILEM was implemented where the CFD and LEM were coupled based on a volume constraint. The volume-coupled RILEM was successfully validated against experiments [6]. A recent version of RILEM using pressure coupling is the objective of the presented thesis. utilizing the species mass fractions and the solution of the energy equation in its total enthalpy form. RILEM and mRILEMs were tested on a single cylinder case of a heavy-duty truck engine. The pressure trace was compared against the experimental data and reached a reasonable agreement. The two models allowed the quantification of intermediate species such as CO and OH. RILEM provided accurate results by manipulating the probability density functions of the turbulent scalars combined with different initialization techniques, where utilizing mRILEMs ensured that the LEM side exclusively controls the combustion process. Abstract - As a result of the increase of the use of combustion engines, more restrictive emission standards are applied. New combustion technologies are being constantly developed to enhance the internal combustion engine, this is motivated by overcoming issues that are relevant for both engine efficiency and the environmental aspects. To do that, turbulent combustion modelling is needed. In this paper, an updated version of the Linear Eddy Model (LEM) will be presented. LEM is capable of simulating premixed, nonpremixed and mixed mode combustion, and it is a regime independent model that runs under the assumption of finite-rate chemistry that is sensitive to turbulent chemistry interactions, which makes it suitable for prediction of pollutant formation. A New coupling scheme to the CFD-RANS simulation is proposed, the coupling is based on linking the two models via pressure. The benefits of pressure coupling are that the effects of wall heat losses and latent heat of evaporation that are modelled on the CFD side are an intrinsic part of the pressure term that is linking the two models, in contrast to volume coupling in which these relevant phenomena need supplementary modelling on the LEM side. The pressure coupling results in a radially uniform dilatation of the LEM domain reflecting the combined effects of pressure change, fuel addition, and cylinder volume change during the engine cycle. Consistency of the LEM cone volume and the CFD domain volume is maintained by adopting a split operator strategy involving a volume correction that adjusts the cone angle. A Spherical Stand-Alone Linear Eddy Model (SSALEM) has been created to conduct relatively fast simplified code development and parameter studies. SSALEM input parameters were drawn from a WSR-RANS simulation and a 1D slider-crank model that calculates the combustion chamber volume that corresponds to a given crank-angle. Model results show the capability to physically track the evolution of several scalars that are solved on the LEM line such as temperature, fuel, and intermediate species in the combustion process.


The present invention provides a compound (3) and (1) of the formula, wherein n is 0 or 1, R11 and R12 are the same and are selected from CN, OR300, Si (R301) 3, NHR302, NR303R304, SR305 and R306, or R11 and R12, is selected from (a), (b) and (c) a group, and X is Cl, Br or I; and (3) a method for preparing a compound of formula, comprising a compound of formula (1) as a key intermediate .


A graphical and mathematical analysis of homing and navigational courses of automatic target‐seeking devices is presented.Homing courses for a seeker‐to‐target speed ratio of over two are likely to be impractical for target interception.A method for obtaining a constant bearing course (navigational course) is developed. Some special cases of navigational courses have been studied graphically. It is shown that an optimum navigational ratio exists between that which leads to too slow an approach to the desired course and that which leads to instability.Graphical analysis of navigational courses for straight as well as circular target motion is also given.


Outcomes research is focused on results that matter.1–4 An outcomes research approach to research grants would ask what we have accomplished with the resources that were invested. In a previous Editor's Perspective, I questioned how we might assess the value of our clinical research and determine whether it was worth its cost.5 The focus was on research that is intended to influence clinical practice, healthcare delivery, or healthcare policy. I asked whether funders would pay as much (or even more) for the end result of the research as they actually did when the project was initially funded. In essence, are the research products worth what they cost?

The question is important because the resources invested in research have opportunity costs. If the end results of the research are, on average, worth less than the research cost, then we are not optimally deploying those resources. We cannot expect every project to yield benefits beyond costs because that could be achieved only if low-risk projects were funded. However, if the value does not exceed the investment during the course of a large number of investments, there is a problem.

In a thought experiment, I had suggested that we could assess the value of research by paying for it after completion. In this scenario, researchers would find investors willing to pay the highest price for the completed products of the research. The market would …


By analyzing and proving a cause for a common wrong illustration in the application of the virtual work principle, this paper derives the virual work principle of the sytem of proprio-coordinate and offers a new solution to the problem of statics.


In this paper, a study of second order slope rotatable designs under intra-class correlation error structure using two suitably chosen dissimilar incomplete block designs like balanced incomplete block designs and symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes are suggested. Further, we study the variance of the estimated slopes for different values of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ρ) and the distance from the centre (d) for v factors are suggested. Some illustrative examples are also suggested.


Escalating worldwide demand for energy imposes obligations on oil companies to increase their current levels of oil production.  Therefore, oil producers started to develop unconventional hydrocarbon resources to secure additional energy outputs. Heavy oil reservoirs are considered one of the more extensively distributed unconventional reservoirs due to their high viscosity. Primary oil production mechanisms are usually ineffective in heavy oil reservoirs as they leave substantial quantities of oil unrecovered. Waterflooding is an improved oil recovery (IOR) technique which is widely implemented to increase oil recovery from depleted light oil reservoirs. This technique is one of the simplest form of today's IOR mechanisms. Due to their economic attractiveness, waterflooding techniques are quite often implemented on heavy oil reservoirs regardless of the presence of unfavorable mobility ratios. In this study, a numerical sensitivity study was conducted to investigate the performance of waterflooding operations in heavy oil reservoirs under different project design considerations.  The study was performed in order to reveal and better understand the functional relationships between several reservoir and project design parameters, which govern the immiscible displacement of heavy oil during waterflooding in homogeneous reservoirs, and ultimately the oil recovery factor.  The project design parameters include injection rate, effective aspect ratio of the well pattern unit, API, and injected water temperature.  These relationships describe and suggest the optimum operational conditions under existing reservoir conditions in which waterflooding of heavy oil reservoirs may yield better recovery performances. These results have potential applications in modeling immiscible displacements and in the scaling of laboratory displacements to field conditions.


The paper aims to demonstrate that category theory (CT) methods are appropriate in the model management context. We show that CT naturally appears on stage, when we model such basic constructs as model merge and parallel composition accurately and consistently. We present categorical constructs in a tutorial-like style by applying them to simple labeled transition systems (LTSs), and reveal new technical aspects of merging and composing LTSs.


This paper presents a vibration mitigation method for a railroad station using dual layer TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) technology. The proposed technology can be applied to a platform by installing a spring-damper system between the platform and the railroad station structure. Especially, considering passenger comfort, the technology is developed for not just reducing the vibration of the railroad station structure but minimizing the vibration of the platform. The technology consists of two serially connected masses, and the vibration of the top mass is designed to be minimized, while the bottom mass serves as the platform TMD. The design parameters such as the spring constant and damping coefficient of the dual layer TMD system are optimized using the acceleration response of the structure, at which the platform is installed. The feasibility and performance of the vibration mitigation method is verified via a numerical example of a simple beam structure subjected to a moving load, which can be analogized as a railroad station with a moving train on top. The result of the numerical study shows that the proposed method can effectively reduces the vibration of the top mass as well as the beam structure at the design speed of the moving load.


Formation of 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-nitro-D-galactal (3) was readily accomplished starting from tri-O-benzyl-D-galactal (1) by acetyl nitrate addition to 2 and base-promoted acetic acid elimination. Addition of alcohols to 3 under conditions of base catalysis afforded 2-deoxy-2-nitrogalactopyranosides 4a–e in high yields; high α-selectivity was obtained with strong bases, whereas weaker bases furnished mainly the corresponding β-galactopyranosides. Chemoselective nitro group reduction in these glycosides was successfully carried out in the case of disaccharide 4cα using Raney nickel as catalyst, thereby affording after N-acetylation the corresponding 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy derivative 5cα.


In a recent computational campaign [Ng et al., Astrophys. J. 747, 109, 2012] to investigate a three-dimensional model of coronal heating using reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD), we have obtained scaling results of heating rate versus Lundquist number based on a series of runs in which random photospheric motions are imposed for hundreds to thousands of Alfv\'en time in order to obtain converged statistical values. Using this collection of numerical data, we have performed additional statistical analysis related to the formation of current sheets and heating events, or nanoflares [Parker, Astrophys. J. 330, 474, 1988]. While there have been many observations of the energy distribution of solar flares, there have not been many results based on large-scale three-dimensional direct simulations due to obvious numerical difficulties. We will present energy distributions and other statistics based on our simulations, calculated using a method employed in [Dmitruk & G\'omez, Astrophys. J., 484, L83, 1997]. We will also make comparisons of our results with observations.


Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving diffusion filter and is widely used for image denoising. The denoising quality is sensitive to the choice of the bilateral filter parameters. Here, we propose to use the Chi-Square Unbiased Risk Estimate (CURE) for optimizing bilateral filter parameters in squared magnitude MR images, which follow a non-central chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom. CURE is an unbiased estimate of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and it does not require any knowledge of the noise-free data. We derive explicit analytical expressions for CURE in the setting of bilateral filters and present experimental results that confirm the optimality of CURE.


Objective To compare the difference of the three modalities of radiotherapeutic technique for metastatic spinal lesions.Methods Ten patients with vertebral metastatic cancer were designed conventional radiation therapy(CRT) plan,3-Dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) plan and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) plan through treatment planning system(TPS).Evaluate the difference of dosimetric parameters between targetarea and criticalorgan.Then patients were treated with IMR.Results The coverage index(CI) of IMRT and 3DCRT plan were better than that of CRT plan.The relative dose homogeneity index(HI) of 3DCRT plan was better than that of the IMRT plan.The IMRT could better protect the heart,spine and esophagus than the others.The effective rate of relieving pain of ten patients was 100% by applying IMRT.Conclusions Utilizing intensity modulated radiation therapy in the expected long-term survival of patients diagnosed with vertebral metastatic can help us to reduce the maximum radiation dose of surrounding normal organs.


Aircraft stability is very important  for calculated in aircraft design, specially for UAV which will be used for air surveillance. The purpose of aircraft stability analysis to find aircraft stability characteristic. Aircraft static stability can be analyzed by XFLR 5 Software which is can calculate characteristic of aircraft static stability, show visual, graph, and simulation of aircraft stability. Adellar 2 is UAV with flying wing configuration and will be analyzed use software XFLR 5 with the input of aircraft mass with the centre of gravity  wil be located in 5% of mean aerodynamic chord in front of neutral point and aircraft geometry types of airfoil in chord root, tip, span , winglet geometry and wing swept. With the result that Adelaar 2 is qualify for longitudinal static stability after the author analyze use XFLR5 with the parameter Cma<0   and obtained character of stability for 22.5 o , 25 o , 27.5 o and 30 o wing swept angle.


The invention relates to a method and a device for equilibrating an accumulator battery. According to the method, there is provided a battery comprising accumulators connected together in series and a charging current for charging said accumulators, said accumulators exhibiting a maximum charge state, and said accumulators are charged during a charging step so as to increase the charge of said accumulators up to their maximum charge state. Said charging step comprises the following substeps in order: a) said accumulators are fed in series with said charge current at said charging value until one of said accumulators of said battery reaches said maximum charge state; b) meanwhile said one of said accumulators is coupled to the terminals of a corresponding resistor, while the charge current is simultaneously reduced; and, c) return to substep a).


The aim of the present study was to identify genes, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) or pathways associated with the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas. The array data of GSE23207, which included 16 samples of multiple endocrine neoplasia-associated rat pituitary homozygous mutations and 5 pituitary tissue samples from healthy rats, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed prior to functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. miRNAs associated with DEGs were predicted, and an miRNA-target regulatory network was constructed. A total of 187 upregulated and 370 downregulated DEGs were identified in the pituitary gonadotroph adenoma group compared with the healthy (control) group. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 1 exhibited the highest degree in the PPI network. The upregulated DEGs were predominately enriched in 'neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction' pathway, and downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in 'cell cycle'. The DEGs in module were predominately enriched in the 'cell cycle', whereas DEGs in module b and c were enriched in 'neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction'. miR-374, −153, −145 and −33 were identified as important miRNAs in the regulation of the DEGs. Cdk1, cyclin (Ccn) A2, Ccnb1, 'cell cycle' and 'neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction' pathways may serve important roles in the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas; Ccna2 and Ccnb1 may contribute to this development via an effect on the 'cell cycle' pathway. Furthermore, miR-374 and −145 may contribute to the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas via regulation of the expression of target genes.


The objective of this study is to investigate the air entrainment and oxygen transfer characteristics of central-driven ejector with various ejector design parameters. The ejector design parameters are primary nozzle diameter, mixing tube length and diffuser angle. The entrainment ratio decreased with the primary nozzle diameter and diffuser angle, while the ratio increased with the mixing tube length. The trend of dissolved oxygen concentration with the diffuser angle and mixing tube length is equal to the result of entrainment ratio, however, the trend with the primary nozzle diameter is different to the result of entrainment ratio.


In the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, water quality monitoring data were evaluated for a number of wells completed in mine backfill, which have sufficiently recharged for evaluation of mining impacts on water quality. Based on the data reviewed to date, the backfill water quality is usually similar to baseline water quality in the Wyodak-Anderson coal aquifer and Wasatch overburden. However, as the backfill materials recharge, the trends in the concentrations of specific constituents (in particular, total dissolved solids and sulfate) may reflect site- specific conditions, including: proximity to recharge sources (e.g., clinker, unmined coal, and coal fenders between mines); changes in mining activities (e.g., temporary cessation of mining); and local conditions (e.g., leakage from impoundments). In some situations, constituent concentrations increase over time, while in others, constituent concentrations are relatively constant or are decreasing.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) chemical absorption into reactive solvents, is regarded as a proven technology to mitigate global warming aversive effects. Reliable design, modeling and simulation of the regenerative amine-based chemical absorption/desorption units, are essential in CO2 capture from the flue gas of fossil-fuel fired power plants. For this purpose, non-equilibrium rate-based stage models (NEQ), are recognized as a state-of-the-art approach compared to traditional equilibrium ones (EQ). In this paper, a modified non-equilibrium dynamic rate-based stage model, was developed to model CO2 chemical absorption into an aqueous solution of piperazine (PZ: C4H10N2), a highly reactive cyclic secondary diamine. In the developed rigorous model, the effect of non-ideal flow hydrodynamics, i.e. deviation from ideal plug flow regime, was taken into account via incorporation of the liquid phase axial dispersion/mixing in the absorber packed column. Due to the important role of the kinetics and CO2 mass transfer rate correlations in the prediction ability of the ultimate rat-based model, our newly developed correlations for CO2–PZ–H2O reactive system (Norouzbahari et al., 2015a) were employed, avoiding a non-exact enhancement factor (E) method with a pseudo-first-order (P.F.O) simplifying assumption. The thermodynamic non-idealities in both the liquid and gas phases, were considered via applying a proper (γ − φ) approach coupled with our proposed model in our recent contribution (Norouzbahari et al., 2015b), as well. The developed model, was successfully evaluated against the experimental data and a close agreement between the simulated results and experimental values, justifies its validity.


Green bonds play a pivotal role in promoting sustainability by channeling financial resources towards environmentally friendly projects, fostering a greener and more resilient future. This research investigates the role of "Green Bonds" in the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on two specific goals: climate action, represented by per capita carbon emissions (CO2), and clean energy, represented by per capita renewable energy production. Using data from 2007, when the first green bond was issued, up to 2021, we employed a one-step generalized method of moments (GMM) model to explore how green bonds impact global emission reduction and the increase in renewable energy production. The findings demonstrate that green bonds have a significant influence on both emissions and renewable energy production. Specifically, green bonds and renewable energy production have a positive and significant association, while emissions exhibit a negative relationship with green bonds. Our results reported a reduction in carbon emissions up to 0.8 tons, while an increase in renewable energy up to 66 kWh. Upon analyzing the data before and after 2015, we observe that prior to 2015, there was no significant effect of green bonds on emissions and renewable energy production. However, after 2015, green bonds substantially impacted both indicators. Furthermore, our results indicate that countries with higher green bond issuance are more likely to achieve their sustainability goals, particularly in terms of renewable energy production and carbon emission reductions. Conversely, countries with lower green bond issuance are struggling to attain their sustainability objectives in these areas.


It is shown that an operational amplifier with four commutated capacitors in the feedback path produces an output signal whose fundamental is equal in magnitude but 180 degrees out of phase with the input. The analysis is carried out by expressing the output signal in a Fourier series.


Abstract : Collisions at sea have and continue to be one of the most misunderstood phenomena of our modem transportation era. This thesis is a case analysis of the USS DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (CVN 69) collision. Budding on data from the National Transportation Safety Board's and the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General Corps' investigations, it attempts to resolve inconsistencies between these governmental sources and interviews from four of the six principal officers involved in the mishap. The findings reveal that numerous causal factors were not sufficiently explored by the investigative bodies. Of greatest significance was the neglect of the EISENHOWER bridge organization, which was in disarray in the moments prior to the collision. This disorganization was the result of a six-month deployment in which specific Officers of the Deck focused their watch routines on the whims of the ship's Navigator. This dependence resulted in a poor decision process, and ultimately the inability to act appropriately in situations requiring prompt action.


The recently proposed Green's function method for the calculation of the atomic mean-square displacement (MSD) of a solid has been applied to the case of long-range interaction potential in alkali metals (Na, K, Cs). A comparison of this result with that of the lowest-order perturbation theory (PT) and molecular dynamics reveals the smallness of the higher-order anharmonic contributions which are included in the Green's function method. The lowest-order PT seems to be adequate for the purposes of MSD calculations in the alkali metals


Parking availability prediction is rapidly gaining interest within the community as an operationally cheap approach to identifying empty parking locations. Parking locations accommodate multiple vehicles and are rarely completely occupied. This makes it difficult to predict occupied locations without the augmentation of external data, as the data becomes highly imbalanced. Existing forecasting models neither encapsulate the heterogeneous modes/types of parking data, nor can handle sparse measurements. The problem is formulated as a binary forecasting task, based on the parking occupancy information. In this paper, we propose a new convolutional hybrid model that is capable of capturing long term temporal dependencies and outperforming conventional time-series forecasting benchmarks on two types of parking data, namely on- and off-street parking. The performance of the proposed model is further boosted by integrating external features such as location identifiers, as well as local/global statistics. An extensive experimental evaluation proves that the proposed model is capable of handling sparse data by maintaining high precision and recall across different sparsity levels, which are controlled by empirically adjusting the occupancy cut-off threshold, as well as for multiple horizons, with an average F1 score improvement of 4.13% over strong off-the-shelf baselines.


We show that there is a combinational (acyclic) Boolean circuit of complexity 0(slog s), that can be made to compute any Boolean function of complexity s by setting its specially designated set of control inputs to appropriate fixed values. We investigate the construction of such "universal circuits" further so as to exhibit directions in which refinements of the asymptotic multiplicative constant factor in the complexity bound can be found. In this pursuit useful detailed guidance is provided by available lower bound arguments. In the final section we discuss some other problems in computational complexity that can be related directly to the graph-theoretic ideas behind our constructions. For motivation we start by illustrating some of the applications of universal circuits themselves.


Energy harvesting from standing waves on ribbon like membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride is investigated. At resonance, the energy density of 2 mW/gm suffices to power a ring oscillator load. A scaling law for harvestable energy as a function of ribbon length is developed.


Based on calculation of range characteristic attribute by improving similarity algorithm based on Eulerian-Lagrangian Distance, the paper resolves similarity algorithm measure of fuzzy attribute of cases. The paper adjusts weight with PULL PUSH tactics, especially GoodUpMatching(GUM for short) method. A method of case retrieval and optimal weight is proposed. Taking the HR deployment system base on the third-part e-marketplace as example, the paper tests the effectiveness of the system, the efficiency of retrieval method, the extent of adaptation and adaptation efficiency, effectiveness and optimality of the method is demonstrated.


The authors have obtained the solution of Boltzmann's equation for electrons in a nonuniform slightly ionized gas, in the presence of the gradients of electron collision frequency and density as well as the external static and alternating electric field and the static magnetic field. Electrical and thermal currents have been obtained in the integral form as a function of collision frequency and f 0, the isotropic part of distribution function of electron velocities. A linear ordinary differential equation for fo involving collision frequency as well as external fields and gradients of electron density and collision frequency is set up. An important result obtained is the fact that high gradients of electron density and collision frequency lead to a non-Maxwellian distribution of electron velocities. This is applicable to a wide variety of problems, involving plasma sheaths. Another result, clearly brought out by .the present vector treatment is the fact that the current in general has a part proportional to the magnetic vector besides those proportional to the electric fields and gradient vectors and their vector product with the magnetic vector. However, this part vanishes when the magnetic vector is perpendicular to electric field and gradient vectors. Applications and limitations of present analysis have been discussed.


Abstract The paper explores sovereign debt repayment during the late 19th and early 20th centuries within the context of an ability and willingness to pay approach. The paper's ability to pay hypothesis is that state interventions which promoted national economic development fostered repayment by directing borrowing to productive use. The paper's willingness to pay hypothesis is that repayment was enhanced by debtors' trade ties with Britain, the principal creditor during the period. Bolstered by Britain's status as the world's preeminent power, the British bondholders' organization, the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders, employed a variety of enforcement strategies to increase the costs of default. Using a new data set, derived principally from Corporation of Foreign Bondholders' records, the paper presents an econometric test of the two central hypotheses.


Introduction Clinically, disc herniation results from annular failure or endplate junction failure. These cases have been reproduced in vitro, and it is known that both posture and loading rate influence the nature of herniation. However, it has not been possible to accurately assess disc structure prior to testing and the effects of components of complex loading have also not been studied in detail. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the role of different loading combinations and disc structure itself in the process of disc failure. Methods Thirty lumbar spinal segments from mature ewes (3-5 years old) were subjected to a combination of four loading conditions (0-12° flexion, 0-9° lateral bending, 0-4° axial rotation, 0-800 N axial compression) for 1000 loading cycles at 2 Hz in a recently developed dynamic 6-DOF disc loading simulator. One group was subjected to all loading conditions and the other four groups had one condition omitted to allow identification of potential effects of the loading conditions. Macroscopic changes of the posterior part of the disc were recorded by video during testing. Prior to and after testing the discs were scanned with ultra-high field MRI (11.7 T) and μCT. They were then fixed and decalcified to enable cryosectioning, then analyzed microstructurally with light microscopy. Results Ten discs suffered annular failure, with four of these involving subligamentous herniation of inner disc material and the remaining protrusion of inner disc material into the outer annulus as judged by examination of the high resolution MRI images. All discs that herniated contained distinctive irregularities in the posterior mid-inner annulus that were visible in the pretest MRI images as can be seen in Figure 1. Microstructural investigation revealed that the mid-outer annular-endplate junction had failed in all herniated discs.


From the histories and patch test results, we conclude that the dermatitis was caused by delayed hypersensitivity to 1,2D in all cases described. The positivity to methyl acrylate, found in only 1 worker, was not due to current contact with this substance and was not responsible for the dermatitis. In the literature, we have found only 2 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from 1,2D, with patch tests positive at 1% pet. (2). Other references (3, 4) concern workers exposed to DD, a soil fumigant containing 1,2D and 1,3-dichloropropene, but here, the sole sensitizer has been considered to be 1,3dichloropropene. The rarity of this kind of investigation may be due to the general belief that dermatitis from solvents (especially chlorinated ones) is always irritant in nature. The allergic risk of 2,4 D is probably underestimated in industry. Furthermore, the presence of SHORT COMMUNICATIONS


It was a literature review of various newspapers between June and October of 2012 published in the city of Lima, taking only the news related to health sciences. The journal can be a primary source of dissemination of research results, and later, the health care professional to find out more about the study in which you are interested. The publication of such news should be supervised by a health care professional to prevent the dissemination of information that may be confusing. Also, these results may encourage professionals and students from health to develop projects to study these results in our country.


Co-workers very often enter romantic relationships with each other.! Employers cannot effectively prohibit that, and should not try. However, certain office romances-between supervisors and subordinates who are in a direct reporting relationship or are other wise on different hierarchical levels-are particularly troublesome for the employees involved, their co-workers, and the employer. Supervisor-subordinate relationships most often trigger negative re actions among employees, including perceptions of sexual favorit ism and sexual harassment that dainage morale and productivity. In addition, such relationships frequently result in sexual harass ment litigation against the company by the participants or third parties.2 Because of the substantial risk of personnel disruption, litiga


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: We examined management strategies, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with PMNSGCTs undergoing resection and multidisciplinary management at a high-volume institution. Summary of Background Data: Outcomes after resection of PMNSGCTs are not well-characterized, with limited data on factors associated with survival. Methods: We reviewed patients with PMNSGCT who underwent resection between 1980 and 2019. Median follow-up was 3.4 years. Preoperative therapy (including use of bleomycin), surgical management, recurrence, and survival were examined. Factors associated with survival were analyzed using Cox regression. Results: In total, 113 patients were included [median age, 28 years (range, 16–65)]. Preoperative serum tumor markers (STMs) normalized/decreased in 74% of patients. Pathology included necrosis only (25%), teratoma +/− necrosis (20%), viable nonteratomatous germ cell tumor +/− teratoma (41%), and secondary somatic-type malignancy +/− teratoma (20%). Bleomycin chemotherapy was not associated with pulmonary complications or 90-day mortality. Patients receiving second-line chemotherapy followed by resection had significantly worse OS and PFS than patients receiving first-line chemotherapy followed by resection. On multivariable analysis, R1/R2 resection (HR, 3.92; P < 0.001) and increasing postoperative STMs (HR, 4.98; P < 0.001) were associated with shorter PFS; necrosis on pathology (HR, 0.42, P = 0.043) was associated with longer PFS. Conclusions: In patients with PMNSGCT undergoing resection, completeness of resection, postoperative pathology, and postoperative STMs were associated with PFS. Induction bleomycin was not associated with pulmonary complications or mortality in patients undergoing resection. Patients undergoing second-line chemotherapy followed by resection have a poor prognosis, with long-term survival of 22%.


In his influential 1987 monograph, Kloppenborg identified three layers in the Sayings Gospel Q: the 'formative stratum' (or Q¹), the 'main redaction' (or Q²), and the 'final recension' (or Q³). He ascribed the cluster of sayings in Q 12:39–59 to the main redaction. Within this cluster appears the parable of the loyal and wise slave (Q 12:42–46). In my view, some portions of this parable actually originate with the formative stratum. The aim of the current article is to reconsider the redactional make-up of this parable by appealing to Kloppenborg's own criteria for distinguishing between Q1 and Q2, including those of 'characteristic forms', 'characteristic motifs' and 'implied audience'.


This essay discusses the ways in which performative and interpretative dia- lectics function within the representational hierarchization of Hollywoodlm during the 30´s and the 40´s. In particular, an emphasis is placed upon Flying Down to Rio (Freeland, 1933), Mexican Spitre (Goodwins, 1940) and Gilda (Vidor, 1947), in which "stardom" is discussed into their space of hybrid representability. The objective of this analysis is to question the transculturation process that is repressed by the hierarchical connotation of power that is established for Latino spatialities in Hollywood.


Chronic kidney disease(CKD) has become a global major public health problem.CKD and induced chronic renal insufficiency is a kind of common disease,frequently-occurring disease.The incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI) based on CKD is about 13%,the third cause of acute renal failure.The discussion of the etiology and prognostic factors of CKD based AKI and the early markers detection will contribute to prevent the occurrence of AKI,improve the prognosis of patients with CKD,which is of great clinical significance.


The transport of corrosion inhibitors in a wet-gas pipeline has been modeled using a transient multiphase fluid flow simulator. The model incorporates the fluid properties, topography of the pipeline, phase behavior of the fluid, and heat transfer in the line. The model describes the dilution of inhibitor concentration along the length of the line due to condensation and estimates the inhibitor transport to the top of the line under dynamic flow conditions. This modeling is used in the life prediction for new pipeline design to help establish the viability of corrosion inhibition as a corrosion control methodology.


Functional constipation (FC) is a common condition in the cl inics. I t is often recurrent and frequently has drug resistance and drug addiction. Its therapeutic cos ts a re h igh as we l l . Therefore, the quali ty of life of the patients is seriously affected. Considering the features and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of FC, the author suggested that integrative medicine was suitable for FC in the clinics.


Oxidative stress is a major etiology of obstructed bladder dysfunction. The major goal of the current study was to correlate the level of oxidative stress with both the severity and duration of obstruction.


In recent years, with the development of computer software and hardware and artificial intelligence technology, photoelectric imaging equipment has gradually developed in the direction of digitization and intelligence. This paper mainly studies the application of image processing technology in the measurement of high-frequency vibration direction and amplitude. According to the corresponding relationship between the vibration blur image and the still image in the frequency spectrum, the image is preprocessed. This article adopts the traditional camera calibration method, which uses a special standard template to calibrate the internal and external parameters of the camera. The three-dimensional search algorithm is used to analyze and compare the recognition images of the left and right cameras in each state, and finally calculate the internal and external parameters of the camera. The data shows that the fundamental frequency is about 4.9 Hz, and the fundamental frequency order basically fluctuates around 16. The calculated amplitudes are 0.89, 0.93 and 0.99μm, respectively. The results show that the image processing technology can restore image edge details to a certain extent, suppress noise, and effectively shorten the matching time between feature points.


We propose to search for a tetraquark candidate X(udss) in pn → AAX(udss) → ΛΛK + K 0 or ΛΛKK*. The existence of a tetraquark state X(udss) with J P = 0 + , 1 - or 1 + was predicted in the literature based on specific diquark effective degrees of freedom inside hadrons. In order to understand the underlying dynamics for exotic hadrons, a search for the tetraquark X(udss) is strongly recommended. The proposed reaction involves two A production, of which the narrow widths make it a great advantage in the analysis of the final-state missing mass spectrum. We make an estimate of the production rate of X(udss) in an effective Lagrangian theory and find that for J P = 1 - the sample events of ∼2200nb -1 will be able to identify X(udss) with five standard deviations at a width of 10 MeV to K + K 0 near threshold. For J P = 1 + with a width of 20 MeV to KK*, the sample events of ∼130nb -1 will be needed. Large production cross sections are expected in a kinematic region beyond the threshold. We emphasize the advantage of low background in this transition channel, and in the meantime caution the large uncertainties in the present estimate due to a lack of knowledge about the X(udss) state. Implications for its heavy-flavored partners qqcc and qqbb are briefly discussed.


The perception-action coupling perspective in ecological psychology proposed by Gibson (1979) pointed out that existing layout of the environment is specific and invariant. The environment information allows organisms to perform proper actions by the interaction between themselves and the environment. This study collected relative articles of interceptive actions to examine paradigms of perception-action coupling in tasks, conditions, and coupling levels. First part on the basis of tasks involved catching or reaching to intercept a fly ball, service return of tennis, and striking. Second, researchers mainly divided experimental conditions as real and virtual conditions. We also reviewed 4 tasks relating to the coupling levels in the high relative perception-action couplings: (1) moving and real intercepting a fly ball. (2) the dynamic state of service return of tennis. (3) striking to judge pitching types, and (4) moving whole body and holding the bat to strike. On the other hand, the low relative perception-action couplings encompassed catching of standing, responding directions of service by oral, and pushing the button to judge different sorts of pitch. According to the review, it discovered that high relative perception-action coupling had better accuracy and timing of catching, judging, intercepting, and striking than low relative perception-action coupling; however, because of the effects of virtual reality or external variables, parts of research did not support the hypothesis. The articles of perception-action couplings of interceptive actions revealed that high relative perception-action coupling could help organism to adapt, detect, and pick up suitable perceptual information. The perception of affordances depends on actions to provide enough information to facilitate perception-action coupling. Physical geometry or body scale is not critical to promote organisms' perception and action.


Comment Analysis for food recipe preferences is to identify user comments on the food recipes to the positive or the negative comments. The proposed method is suitable for analyzing comments or opinions about food recipes by counting the polarity words of food domain. The benefit of this research is to help users to choose the preferred recipes from different food recipes. To analyze food recipes, the comments of each recipe will be collected and classified to neutral, positive or negative comments. Therefore, the user can gain the information to make a smart decision. The evaluation of the comment analysis shows that the accuracy of neutral and positive classification is about 90%.


Time in a Bottle: Time Capsule (2000) This exhibit provided a significant way for the museum to involve and engage the community. This exhibit was, as the title would suggest, made up of things meant to represent and preserve the year 2000 and predictions for the future. Students chose things that they thought were significant, along with a justification. These things were displayed in the museum space for most of the semester, where students could go and look at their own and their peers' objects and predictions. After taking down the exhibit, the time capsule was buried in a funeral procession and ritual, which also served to unite the internal community of the museum, as rituals are wont to do. The impact of this exhibit on the people involved was considerable, as Joel Marrant, the professor in charge of the museum at the time, still remembers this exhibit clearly and fondly, over 15 years later. The pictures here show one student proudly showing off her contribution to the exhibit, several students dressed up for the funeral, and the time capsule being carried to its final resting place in the procession. Introduction


Accurate and reliable smartphone indoor localization is fundamental for indoor location-based services (LBS). Smart environments, such as smart offices, interconnect office facilities, indoor wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs), smartphones, and human to provide comfortable user experiences. To smoothly integrate the localization algorithms with WSAN infrastructures, a combination of both hardware and software components is required. In this work, we present a system for creating indoor location-aware smart office environments using wireless sensor and actuator networks. Our system includes a smartphone indoor localization module, a WSAN responsible for environmental monitoring and actuator activation, and a gateway that interconnects WSAN, indoor localization module with smartphone users. To reduce the efforts of data collection, we have designed a semi-supervised learning-based indoor localization mechanism, which uses only a small amount of labeled data and a big amount of unlabeled data. The system is based on data fusion of Wi-Fi RSSI and smartphone onboard IMU readings. We implemented a system prototype and performed intensive experiments in indoor office environments to evaluate the system performance. The system could accurately locate real-time positions of occupants, which could trigger the retrieval of environmental measurements and activate the office appliances automatically (e.g. turn on/off lights) based on the estimated locations and correlated environmental sensor information.


Background  Vitiligo has been found to be associated with different HLA antigens in different ethnic groups. In our previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS), we identified independent association signal of rs9468925 (P = 2.21 × 10−33, OR = 0.74) within HLA‐C‐HLA‐B region.


Rudimentary horn is one of the most rare congenital uterine anamalies and ectopic pregnancy in rudimentary horn occurs very infrequently in gynaecological practice. A case of 20 weeks ruptured rudimentary horn ectopic pregnancy managed with salvage of the uterus is presented here in this report.


This research examines how do bereaved wives and partners resemble and differ from their nonbereaved counterparts. Guided by the Two-Track Model of Bereavement, we focused on biopsychosocial functioning and the nature of the ongoing relationship to their partner. The sample included 85 bereaved women who were compared with 87 nonbereaved women currently married or in a stable pair-bond relationship. As predicted, the results demonstrated the continuing impact of bereavement years after the loss, but the pattern of similarities and differences between the groups sheds additional light on the loss experience. The discussion of these findings and their implications conclude the article.


As English for special purpose (ESP),the teaching of Business English emphasizes the output of language as well as the cultivation of communicative competence,and its class should be "student-centered". According to its characteristics,this paper discusses the use of communicative language teaching approach in business English teaching,with focus on "Group work" and "Role play" methods,hoping this study can provide reference for business English teaching.


This article is about the development peculiarities of intellectually gifted students, who are going to get engineering education in future.


Indian Punjab is gradually becoming the promised land of diversified farming with beekeeping as an important component, as farmers are looking for ways to get out of the paddy-wheat cycle. With this consideration, the present study estimated that the contribution of animal pollinators toward state agriculture. The economic value due to pollination service (EVP) was Rs 1391.2 crores forming about a 2 per cent share in the EV of output from state agriculture. Among the entomophilous crops, the insect pollination was essential for 2; great for 3; modest for 4 and of little importance to another 4 crops. About 42 per cent of the non-animal pollination-dependent crops accounted for a major share in the EV i.e. 97.87 per cent of the total agriculture output of the state. The share of cereals was the highest in the EV i.e. 86.79 per cent followed by vegetables (5.50%), fruits (5.32%), cotton (1.69%), sugarcane (0.35%), oilseeds (0.32%) and gram (0.01%) while based on dependence rate, the EVP was the highest in fruits (49.78%) followed by vegetables (21.49%), cotton (19.85%) and oilseeds (8.88%) and there existed no EVP for cereals and sugarcane and gram. The crops having great dependence on pollination contributed the maximum (Rs 741.13 crore) i.e. about 53 per cent to the EVP and about 1 per cent to the EV in the state agriculture. There is a strong need to realize the potential of this segment and formulate crop and commodity-specific strategies for optimum utilization of animal pollination inputs followed by crop diversification to high-value commodities. Punjab agriculture faces challenges on the production front and increased production cost needs such as "micro concepts" with "macro-economic" impacts.


The effect of Cassava waste incubated with Aspergillus niger on the performance characteristics of WAD goats (n=12) was studied in a Completely Randomized Design Model for 56 days in which the untreated cassava waste was used as the control and the fungus treated waste was included in diets B, C and D (20, 30 and 40% levels respectively). The feed intake, growth rate, weight gain, apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients parameters were monitored. The results revealed that the micro- fungus has greater affinity to dignify cassava waste and this leads to a greater decrease in the crude fibre content of the waste. The activities of the fungus on the cassava waste increased the crude protein content while the consumption of the fungus treated diets compared very well with diet A (control). Animals fed the fungus treated diets showed increasing weight gain. There was also increase in the nutrient availability from the treated cassava waste, thereby increasing the digestibility of this diet. To this effect, the inclusion of fungus treated cassava waste in the diet of WAD goat suggested that fungal treatment had improved effect on feed intake, digestibility and growth rate which holds a good promise as a converter of fibrous materials thereby enhancing it utilization by goat.


Mans cognition of nature underwent a course of shifting from despising to valuing mythology. Beliefs in divinities are the starting point of mans inquiring into nature. The emergency of beliefs in dominant gods is the premise of mythologys evolution from an independent stage to a systematic stage. Systematic mythology can be generalized as pedigree mythology of divine clans and creation mythology,whose purpose is to utilize a new language system to express mans opinions about the birth models of universe. Mythology is the prehistory stage of philosophy. The questions proposed by mythology of creation are the ones demanding philosophical solutions.


Free-floating bicycle-sharing systems are an important component of sustainable transport. China's bicycle-sharing schemes have experienced ups and downs in the past three years, and there are a lot of related studies, but there are relatively few studies on the causes of disorderly parking of shared bikes. In this study, an open questionnaire is used to widely collect the causes of the disorderly parking of shared bicycles from users. Through factor analysis, six factors and 32 criteria for the causes of disorderly parking are constructed. Factor 1 'supervision and management of enterprises'; factor 2 'supervision and management of users'; factor 3 'parking space'; factor 4 'guidance of parking shared bikes'; factor 5 'user self-discipline'; factor 6 'operation and maintenance'. It requires the cooperation of multiple parties to solve the problem of disorderly parking of shared bicycles.


The 1-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (1-CSP) seeks to fulfill with a minimum trim loss the demand of parts of various lengths by cutting them out from a given stock size. In the Pattern Minimization Problem (1-PMP) one wants an optimal 1-CSP solution that uses a minimum number of distinct cutting patterns. We discuss two formulations of 1-PMP: (1) introduced by Vanderbeck, and (2) obtained by introducing setup variables to the classical Gilmore-Gomory formulation for the 1-CSP. Let z i (u) be the bound given by the linear relaxation of (i) under a given vector u = (uk) of parameters. We show that z 2 (u) ≥ z 1 (u), and provide a case where the inequality holds strict.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is created, stemming from their applications in distinct areas. Huge sensor nodes are deployed in geographically isolated regions in WSN. As a result of uninterrupted transmission, the energy level of the nodes gets rapidly depleted. Sensor node batteries cannot be replaced or recharged often and maintaining the energy level is a crucial issue. Thus energy efficiency is the significant factor to be consider in WSN. This paper focuses to implement an efficient clustering and routing protocols for maximized network lifetime. Clustering has been confirmed as a successful approach in network organization. The fundamental responsibilities of the clustering mechanism include improved energy efficiency and extended network lifespan. In this work, energy efficiency is improved to maximize lifespan of the WSN by proposing a novel method known as the Populated Cluster aware Routing Protocol (PCRP). The proposed method comprises three different steps: cluster formation, cluster head selection, and multi-hop data transmission. All sensor nodes are joined to a Cluster Head in a single hop in the cluster formation phase. Node distance is calculated and from which cluster head is selected. Then, cluster head aggregates the data from sensor nodes and transfer to the Base Station (BS). The shortest pathway is estimated by the Energy Route Request Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (ERRAODV) algorithm. The proposed method considers the residual energy involved to attain high energy efficiency and network stability. The experimental analysis is demonstrated to validate the proposed method with existing, which improves the network lifespan. Vital parameters are validated using Network Simulator (NS2).


It is 7:40 am, I am on the bus into town for work and I am wondering what the day will bring. Today may prove a fortunate choice for a 'day in the life of' piece: not only am I in the early stages of configuring the University's new discovery tool, but it is also time to prepare for the annual development review. Both involve looking forward as well as back, making resolutions or at least a 'to do' list:


: Calcium Silicate nanoparticle was prepared using available calcium nitrate, silica fumes and fuel urea by solution combustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. The results of XRD revealed the presence of orthorhombic structure. The average size of prepared nanoparticles was found to be 13nm and the particle size less than 48nm confirmed by TEM. The optical band gap was found to be 4.6eV. The degradation efficacy was successfully examined for acridine orange and victoria blue B dye under sunlight. The degradation efficacy was achieved at 98.33% for acridine orange dye and 97.63% for victoria blue B dye in acidic pH.


Abstract In this article we give an abstract graded (homogeneous) Positivstellensatz for noncommutative rings. Later we prove a version of Lang's homomorphism theorem and use it to deduce a geometric version of the homogeneous Positivstellensatz.


Thank you for downloading second manifesto for philosophy. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this second manifesto for philosophy, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. second manifesto for philosophy is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the second manifesto for philosophy is universally compatible with any devices to read.


PurposeBy fusing knowledge-based theory, organizational learning theory and dynamics capability theory, this study aims to explore, on the one hand, the linkage between exploration, sensing and tacit knowledge, and on the other hand, exploitation, seizing and explicit knowledge. Thereby, it argues that not only tacit knowledge but also explicit knowledge contributes to competitive advantage for firms. This study also investigates how knowledge transforms into profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model is tested with a study sample of 153 industrial organizations using structural equation modelling.FindingsResults confirm the importance of both tacit and explicit knowledge for achieving sustainable competitive advantages. Furthermore, both tacit and explicit knowledge transform into profitability, both directly and through product innovation and customer centricity which play partial mediating roles.Practical implicationsExplicit knowledge strategies can be easier to manage, implement and institutionalize than tacit knowledge strategies, which require human component and intervention to succeed. Managers should hence first implement explicit knowledge strategies to gain expeditious results. Further, with the advent of digital technologies and algorithms that can extract deep customer insights and organizational experiences which are highly tacit in nature and codifying the same into explicit knowledge, the importance of explicit knowledge is further enlarged.Originality/valueBy fusing three adjacent theories to establish a robust model specification, this study is able to demonstrate the contribution of explicit knowledge in the firm's competitive advantages.


The article is devoted to philosophical categories of freedom, duty, goodness, which are important fundamentals of methodology of the theory of upbringing. The concept of "a universal ideal" is debatable. The domestic tradition represents in the educational purposes of heroic defenders of the Russian state and the people. Classical bourgeois (philosophy) approved a standard ideal, the main features of which were of universal education and the consequent, unlimited freedom. Representatives of the "late bourgeois philosophy" come to equate with social rational management with knowledge, knowledge with science. All components of individual consciousness are norms of social consciousness and become individual or personality as a result of their assimilation. So there is a need to educate the human consciousness, that is, formation of the qualities making structure of outlook. The methodological status of an ideal as an example for imitation children who want "to make themselves" from it, expresses system of concrete historical examples of moral behaviour and activity. The national-cultural ideal is based on a spiritual moral traditions of national life, grows from it and, becoming property of youth, provides link of times and generations and consequently, is an indispensable condition of preservation of identity of the people and the nation. Thus, philosophical categories of freedom, debt, good are important fundamentals of methodology of the theory of upbringing.


Abstrcat The (common) rail (accumulator) (injection) (system) of (diesel) (engine) (consists) of such (components) as (low-pressure) oil lines, (high-)(pressure) oil lines, various (sensors,) ECU and (actuators.) The fuel is (pumped) to the (high-pressure) (accumulator) (through) the (low-pressure) oil lines and (high-pressure) oil lines, and then is (injected) (into) the cylinder (through) the (high-pressure) oil lines. The pressure in the (accumulator) is (regulated) by ECU (according) to the (pressure) (measured) by the rail (pressure) sensor and the need. (According) to the traveling state of the car, ECU determines the appropriate injection timing and injection duration according to the characteristic curves stored. The research and analysis show that this kind of injection system can automatically regulate the injection pressure, fuel charge, injection rate and injection time, and therefore optimize the overall properties of diesel engine, and alleviate the vibration of diesel engine and exhaust emission. It is a new generation of diesel injection system.


The paper presents a set of deep learning algorithms for detecting vibration anomalies in bearings using multivariate time series on datasets provided by Case Western Reserve University. The study considers a problem of multiclassification of the condition of the bearings depending on the type of defect, but also on the degree of defect, considering only punctual defects in an incipient phase. Once the data sets are correctly labeled and the algorithms are trained on this data, they can accurately predict the type and the size of defect. The model with the best results in the set is RNN - CNN (Recurrent Neural Network with Convolutions) giving an accuracy greater than 97% in all (load) cases.


FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: stereolithography machine (1) comprises equipped with the bottom (2a) container (2); facing the bottom (2a) modeling platform (3); drive mechanism (4); connection device (5) between the modeling platform (3) and the drive mechanism (4), comprising the first connecting element (6) and the second connecting element (7); clamping mechanism (8). Drive mechanism (4) is adapted to move the modeling platform (3) in accordance with the orthogonal to the bottom (2a) movement direction (Z). First connecting element (6) is integral with the drive mechanism (4). Second connecting element (7) is integral with the modeling platform (3) and is configured to move relative to the first connecting element (6) in accordance with the movement direction (Z). Clamping mechanism (8) is adapted to actuate in order to pull the connecting elements (6, 7) to each other in accordance with the pulling direction (X). Direction is orthogonal to the movement direction (Z) in order to block the connecting elements (6, 7) mutual movement.EFFECT: invention enables reduction of time required for the object fabrication, and the resin amount reduction, as well as the higher initialization accuracy, which can be achieved on the stereolithography machine.13 cl, 11 dwg