Achieving ambitious CO2 emission reductions require changing mundane consumer behaviors in addition to increasing modern technology's energysaving potential. Frequently, energy-related behaviors, however, may occur highly and thus tend to become habitual. On basis of the notion that habits represent automatic reactions to situations, and hence, are hard to control, we examined whether the capability to perform or abstain from performing actions depends on the type of habit established. We tested whether an acting habit (switching off the light upon leaving a room) supports execution of the intention to act (switching it off), but hinders the intention to abstain from acting (not switching it off). Conversely, a habit of not switching off the light (a non-acting habit) is expected to obstruct execution of the intention to switch the light off, but facilitates the intention to not switch it off. Results 1University of Twente, The Netherlands 2Utrecht University, The Netherlands 3Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Corresponding Author: Peter de Vries, Marketing Communication and Consumer Psychology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Email: firstname.lastname@example.com at University Library Utrecht on June 7, 2012 eab.sagepub.com Downloaded from


Present status of laterite-nickel resources are introduced. The main technics and related studies are described.The main fractors of working on acidic leaching under pressure are analyzed. It is believed that acidic leaching under pressure process is mostly application prospective.


Paper deals with a mathematical model to study the processes arising when starting a pump unit electric drive. The electric motor under investigation is a newly-developed induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor, designed to operate in continuous duty, with high efficiency energy class. The influence of the voltage deflection on the performance of specific induction motor as part of the electric drive has been evaluated. The mathematical model developed allows to set deflection of the supply voltage in the variation of the factor of inertia. The results on the influence of the supply voltage on impact torques and currents and electrical energy losses have been obtained. The results obtained are in addition to experimental studies of the same motor and they could be of great practical importance when considering to start and if possible control the speed of induction motors.


This article examines site-specific moving images, particularly public artworks that engage windows and monuments as cinematic screens. Employing the concept of enchantment and Doreen Massey's notion of a 'global sense of place', this article analyses how the physical experience of moving image media in public places can enrich and complicate our understanding of place. Artworks by Lynn Hershman Leeson, Ofri Cnaani, Krzysztof Wodiczko and Tony Oursler are explored, in addition to recent protest projections and critical and theoretical investigations of place and enchantment.


A study was designed to determine the response of one hundred and twelve Hy-sex Brown laying hens at 28 weeks of age (n: 28/ diet) fed a corn-based ration containing 0, 10, 20, or 30 mg/ kg of crystalline folic acid for 12 weeks experimental period. Response criteria included production parameters, measures of blood physiological parameters, serum folate status, and egg quality measurements content. Dietary folate (F) did not significantly affect most of the production parameters including body weight, egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, and also egg quality parameters. Significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in yolk index, serum folate 47.7 vs. 16.7 ng/mL (30 mg/ kg F vs. control; 4 th wk), 48.00 vs. 17.7 ng/mL (30 mg/ kg F vs. control; 12 th wk), cholesterol 174.62 (control) vs. 151.92 mg/ dl (20 mg/ kg F), total protein 5.58 vs. 5.17 mg/ dl (20 mg/ kg F vs. control; recovery period) and globulin 4.16 vs. 3.72 g/dl (30 mg/ kg F vs. 10 mg/ kg F; recovery period) were observed as F dietary supplementation increased. White blood cells differentiation showed that heterophills were increased (P ≤ 0.05) with supplementing diets with 30 mg/ kg F (20.67 mg/ dl) when compared to other treatments especially the control (18.67 mg/ dl), respectively. Overall, production parameters were maintained due to feeding dietary treatments, while serum folate content was maximized as dietary crystalline folic acid was supplemented to diets at 10 mg/ kg or higher with a possible deposition in egg yolk.


Different soil extract media and other media were assayed for a comparative evaluation of both total and lipolytic populations of bacteria taken from soil and water samples during winter. By incubating at a low temperature, psychrophilic microorganisms were counted and isolated. Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas species, were the most numerous.


Pollen morphology of 16 Asian species including two subspecies and one variety of the genus Lasianthus and five species from five related genera was examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Lasianthus Jack is eurypalynous. The pollen grains are small to medium in size and spheroidal or subprolate in shape, with a few being prolate. Pollen morphology is remarkably diverse, particularly in aperture and exine ornamentation. The apertures are usually (3-)4-(-5)-zonoaperturate, being porate and pororate. The number of apertures varies from three to five, with the majority of species being 3-4 zonoaperturate. The exine is usually perforate, finely reticulate or coarsely reticulate. Pollen data appear to be morphologically informative and useful for distinguishing among species of Lasianthus, and for elucidating the relationships among some species.


Massimiliano Stengel,1 David Vanderbilt,2 and Nicola A. Spaldin3 1Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire (CECAM), Station 13, Bat. PPH, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, USA 3Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA Received 17 August 2009; revised manuscript received 23 November 2009; published 28 December 2009


GPS/INS integrated systems are applied in the self-positioning of the high dynamic targets. This paper forms state equations and observation equations by the integrated system and GPS observation respectively. An adaptive filtering algorithm is introduced which estimates observation noise covariance with observation data, and estimates dynamic noise covariance by use of Sage-Husa filtering algorithm which has faster convergent speed and better stability than the conventional Kalman filtering algorithm. At last, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package is being used to study the characteristics of a sootblower jet as it interacts with boiler tubes and deposits. With the assumptions being used in the numerical models, the accuracy of these simulations was not previously known. The experimental work performed in this study has quantitatively validated the complex interaction of a supersonic jet interacting with boiler tubes and deposits by experimentally measuring the reaction forces of the jet as well as the pressures imposed on the surface of deposits. When comparing the experimental and numerical reaction forces, it is evident that the numerical models captured the overall physics of these complex interactions. Similarly, the pressure distributions obtained experimentally by using pressure sensing films on the surface of the deposits agreed well with the numerically predicted surface pressures.


As there may be uncertainty between the prescribed dose and the dose actually delivered to the patients, In vivo patient dose verification is considered to be an important part of quality assurance in radiotherapy. In radiation fields with strong dose gradient and to reduce artifacts due to the use of large size detectors, miniature dosimeters of size lesser than the beam size (i.e. radii<1cm) is of current interest.


The SOFIA telescope has a silicon carbide secondary mirror and a six degree-of-freedom secondary mirror mechanism. Each of these high-technology items represents a single-point failure mode, because both are essential for operation of the observatory, and neither has a spare. Reduced-performance, relatively inexpensive "backup" hardware can enable a large fraction of the planned SOFIA science observations, and so can help to assure a highly reliable flight program. Accordingly, we have developed an aluminum secondary mirror and derived design requirements for a backup secondary mirror mechanism that will meet minimum performance needs.


This essay details the historical progression of theories attempting to explain human aggression and victimization across the lifespan. Different theoretical lenses allowed for a comprehensive examination of the nuances between aggression and victimization, as supported by landmark experimental research studies conducted in the social and behavioral sciences. In addition, the neurobiology of aggression was discussed as an area of future research where professionals from multiple fields could collaborate in order to better understand the intersection of biology and the environment and how it impacts the development of individuals.

Human history is replete with chronicles of wars and interpersonal aggression. Much of the news we read describe aggressive actions toward individuals or groups of people, within and between political and religious factions, and among countries around the globe. In this essay, we provide an overview of what we know about this ubiquitous human behavior.

First, we define important terms. Aggression refers to deliberate acts that inflict harm; victimization is the experience of receiving unwanted aggressive acts. Physical aggression (use of physical force toward another, such as hitting and kicking) is a form of direct aggression, as is verbal aggression (name-calling, malicious teasing). More recently, relational (indirect) aggression (Crick, 1995) has been identified as a distinct form of aggression in which the target's social relationships or status are attacked (e.g., social exclusion, rumor spreading). There is debate about whether cyber-aggression is a separate form of aggression or a method for delivery of aggressive actions (see Bauman, Cross, & Walker, 2013, for discussion of this issue). Aggression can also be categorized by the motive behind the action: proactive aggression includes hostile aggression, in which the desire to harm the target drives the behavior, and instrumental aggression, which refers to acts calculated to bring valued resources to the aggressor, whereas reactive aggression is provoked by an actual or anticipated aggressive attack and is enacted in self-defense or retaliation (Hartup, 2005). Researchers sometimes distinguish between trait aggression, which is a characteristic of a person across time and settings such that the person is more prone to commit acts of aggression than others, and state aggression, which refers to a momentary experience of aggression in a particular situation or context.

Keywords:

aggression;
aggression machine;
real-world context;
real-life setting;
neuroimaging


The contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environment has been increasing in recent years due to anthropogenic activities. The toxicity of POPs even in the concentration at nanogram levels make them a concern for harmful effects on human health and environment. Human and animal exposure to POPs can lead to various effects ranging from skin and eye irritation, liver and kidney toxicity, nervous system damage, to cancer and death. So far, proper techniques for remediation of POPs are still unresolved. The chemical treatment methods are considered not environmental-friendly and cost-effective; therefore, remediation has favorably turned to biological techniques. Natural microorganisms have been shown by many studies to be able to degrade hazardous pollutants; however, the direct use of only environmentally-isolated microorganisms does not always result in effective remediation of POPs due to their toxic and recalcitrant nature. Therefore, effective strategies should be considered before applying the techniques for bioremediation of POPs. By examining the most recent research and studies for biodegradation of POPs, this review aims to describe the alternatives of bioremediation of POPs, which are the implementation of specific or adapted strains, the application of plant-microorganism interconnected relationships, and the utilization of enzymes. Moreover, the factors that can limit the complete bioremediation of POPs are also discussed. The gaps for improvement provided by previous studies should be able to pave the way for further studies to develop new techniques for bioremediation of POPs in contaminated sites. A b s t r a c t


Objectives/Hypothesis To determine whether there is a difference in the tongue size of patients with and without sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and to evaluate whether tongue volume correlates with body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, age, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, or apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI).


Abstract In the framework of the "Directive concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrate from agricultural resources (91/676/EEC)," losses of nitrate nitrogen to groundwater and surface water have to be limited. In the moderate climate regions of western Europe, drainage losses mainly occur during wintertime. The residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile after the harvest in autumn is considered as the main determinant of nitrate losses. In Flanders, a preliminary limit value of 90 kg NO3‐N ha−1 up to a soil depth of 0.90 m between 1 October and 15 November is proposed. During this period in 2001, the Soil Service of Belgium sampled >18,000 fields. From these results, some interesting conclusions can be drawn. As expected, differences in residual nitrate after harvest are highly influenced by the crop, soil type, and carbon content of the soil. The percentage of fields with a residual nitrate nitrogen content below the target value of 90 kg N ha−1 differed from 39% to 86%, because of the influence of the crop grown on the parcel. On an average, a high nitrate value was found after early harvested crops (cereals, flax [Linum L.]) and after crops with high protein content due to plant residues remaining on the field after harvest (peas [Pisum sativum L.] and beans [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]). Soil type was also important because, only 42% of the fields with clay soils were below 90 kg NO3‐N ha−1, and in sandy soils this figure was 75%. This is probably partly caused by leaching in the period after harvest until sampling. A very important factor was the carbon content of the soil. Because of a higher mineralization rate in the period after harvest, only 38% of the fields characterized by a high C content were found with a nitrate content below 90 kg NO3‐N ha−1 in contrast to 78% of the fields with a very low C content. Finally, because of the influence of the climatological conditions on nitrogen mineralization and nitrate leaching, the changing weather conditions during the 6‐wk‐long sampling period influenced the amount of residual nitrogen in the soil.


Most of the libraries and archives that lacks conservation lab facilities, frequently apply common synthetic resin adhesives such as PVAc group(Pa), acrylic group(Ac) and PVP group(Pv) on simple repairs. The archival quality synthetic adhesive(Pa-1) that is used at the National Library of Korea and the common synthetic resin adhesives were selected for the experiments. Accelerated aging test was applied on the adhesive samples and change of the pH and chromaticity were measured for one month. As the result of the pH mesurments, Pa-1 and Ac-2 were at the acceptable pH range. As the result of the chromaticity mesurments, degree of yellowing( △ b*) showed smaller change to greater change in the following order; Pa-1<Ac-2<Pa-2<Pa-4<Pp-2 <Pa-3<Pp-1<Ac-1. The results indicate that archival quality synthetic adhesive(Pa-1) and Ac-2 are best to use in simple repairs. The research should be supported with various approaches and methods for practical application.


The article provides brief descriptions of 9 subcorpuses being developed as part of the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language with a fund of electronic texts in 40 million word usage, and also analyzes in detail the cultural and semantic markup of the linguistic and cultural subcorpus. For the first time, the experience of introducing a linguocultural subcorpus into the national corpus of the Kazakh language is being practiced.The linguistic and cultural subcorpus is one of the tools for deeper knowledge of the ethno-cultural development of the Kazakh ethnic group and its spiritual and material values, ethnographic, cultural and cognitive concepts, and as the most important mechanism of cognition that characterizes the unification of the population in the functions of language. The main purpose of cultural and semantic markup is to identify folk knowledge, which is based on the cultural significance of linguistic units. Along with the lexical meaning of the word, ethno-cultural semantics, systems of cognitive knowledge, precedent content knowledge, which is the basis of the word, are no less important.Analytical, descriptive, ethnolinguistic and lexico-semantic methods were used in the study of this problem. The scientific significance of the article is a reflection of the prerequisites for the introduction of a linguocultural subcorpus into the national corpus of the Kazakh language and models of interpretation of cultural codes hidden in ethnomarker language units. Practical significance. The linguocultural subcorpus of the national corpus of the Kazakh language will be a useful linguistic tool for obtaining lexico-semantics, cognitive meaning of a certain ethno-cultural unit in the Kazakh language.


Process for metallizing urea polymers and other polymers. The invention provides a process for metallizing urea polymers and other polymers by-electrolytic chemical via wet comprising the steps of: (A) etching the polymeric substrate with a composition comprising etching an acid or mixture of acids, organic or inorganic; (B) chemical deposition of a copper layer on the polymeric substrate etching; Y (C) electrolytic deposition of a layer of tin or zinc deposited on the (b) layer. Optionally, said method may comprise a further step of electrolytic deposition or chemical of at least another metal or oiling layer and / or an additional finishing step such as oxidized, coated, waxed. Said process allows to obtain a metal layer on said polymeric substrates having very good adhesion and suitable final appearance to be used as decorative finish.


R. Frost, J. Grainger, Cross-linguistic Perspectives on Morphological Processing: An introduction. N. de Jong, R. Schreuder, H. Baayen, The Morphological Family Size Effect and Morphology. R. Betram, J. Hyona, M. Laine, The Role of Context in Morphological Processing: Evidence from Finish. E. Niswander, A. Pollastsek, K. Rayne, The Processing of Derived and Inflected Suffixed Words During Reading. H. Giraudo, J. Grainger, Effects of Prime Word Frequency and Cumulative Root Frquency in Masked Morphological Priming. D.C. Plaut, L. Gonnerman, Are Non-semantic Morphological Effects Incompatible with a Distributed Connectionist Approach to Lexical Processing? A. Deutsch, R. Frost, A. Pollatsek, K. Rayner, Early Morphological Effects in Word Recognition in Hebrew: Evidence from Parafoveal Preview Benefit. K. Rastle, M.H. Davis, W.D. Marslen-Wilson, L. K. Tyler, Morphological and Semantic Effects in Visual Word Recognition: A Time-course study. K.I. Foster, T. Azuma, Masked Priming for Prefixed Words with Bound Stems: Does Submit Prime Permit? P. Zwitserlood, Morphological Effects on Speech Production: Evidence from Picture Naming.


Atomically thin tungsten diselenide (WSe2) has emerged as a promising material for the next generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report an enhancement of WSe2 photodetector performance via surface functionalization with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). Strong hole doping from MoO3 to WSe2 was revealed by in situ field-effect transistor device evaluation, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Moreover, the responsivity and external quantum efficiency of WSe2 photodetector increased around eight folders after the surface functionalization with MoO3. We attribute the enhanced performance to the narrowed Schottky barrier and the modulation of the trap states by surface functionalization.


Objective To assess the correlation between body mass index and lung cancer risk by means of Meta-analysis.Methods Relevant studies were identified by a through literature search.Results A total of 18 studies were used for this analysis.9 case-control studies with 4 246 cancer cases and 34 771 controls,and 9 prospective studies with 2 434 947 person years and 8 899 cancer cases were included.For case-control studies,a combined OR of 1.42[95%CI 1.06,1.91],0.80[95%CI 0.64,1.01] and 0.94[95%CI 0.67,1.31],respectively,for lower,middle and higher BMI.For cohort studies,a combined RR of 1.59[95%CI 1.20,2.12],1.02 [95%CI 0.96,1.08] and 0.78[95%CI 0.63,0.95],respectively,for lower,middle and higher BMI.In the studies about overweight and obesity,BMI was inverse associated with lung cancer risk.For those non-smoking population,there was no statistical relationship between BMI and lung cancer risk.Conclusion Our findings suggest inverse association between BMI and lung cancer risk,but it can't exclude the mixed impact of smoking.


The Cu/Al layered double hydroxide (Cu/Al LDH) with a Cu2+/(Cu2+ + Al3+) molar ratio of 0.81 was prepared via co-precipitation at pH 5.18 using a mixing solvent with DMSO, glycerol and water. The b...


The Hungarian Scientific Bibliography (Magyar Tudomanyos Művek Tara, MTMT) is a comprehensive national bibliographic database of scientific publications and citations. Since 1999 MTMT collects data from researchers and institutions, containing almost 5 million records presently. The database is used by all major centres of research: universities and the research institute network of the Academy. Planned legislation states that registering all publications from research using taxpayer money will be required in the future. Data in MTMT can be used for supporting evidence-based management in science, fund allocating for institutions, projects and individuals. This database promotes transparency with displaying scientific output, in the form of statistics, but also enabling access to the articles themselves - the latter residing either at the publisher or at institutional repositories. MTMT supplies data to the electronic proposal management system of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund and other information systems run by universities or the government.


Background: microRNA (miRNA) constitutes a class of small non-coding RNAs, which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and progression of tumors. miRNAs and their target molecules are utilized for molecular diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NACC1), one of several transcription factors, is constitutively expressed in the urothelium, wherein it regulates cell growth, senescence, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We previously reported that NACC1 is the target molecule of miR-331-3p and is associated with cell proliferation in prostate and cervical cancer.


The technology disclosed herein relates to a method for producing a container 10 for liquid resources of a motor vehicle and such a container. In an upper shell 100 of the container 10, at least one vent passage 110 is provided. The vent passage 110 extends from a central area M of the upper shell 100 to an edge region R of the upper shell 100. The method includes a step according to which at least one of the channel walls 116 is cohesively attached to an outer wall Wa of the upper shell 100th


Desmoplakin (DSP) gene mutations are reported to cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), but recent evidence suggests that they manifest as a much broader range of phenotypes.

 To describe the phenotypic characteristics of DSP mutation carriers in a consecutive cohort of patients with heart muscle disease.

 A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with heart muscle disease and their relatives that underwent diagnostic or research genetic testing. Only DSP variants classified as pathogenic by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria were considered. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy (HNDC) and ARVC were diagnosed in accordance with current criteria.

 109 mutation carriers were identified: 34 (31%) had DCM and 23 (21%) HNDC. ARVC diagnosis was borderline and definite in 39 (36%) and 39 (36%) individuals, respectively. Sixteen (15%) presented with clinically suspected myocarditis. 23 patients met both definite AC and DCM criteria and 13 patients met definite AC and HNDC criteria. In 87 patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a spectrum of disease was observed (Table) including an intermediate phenotype characterised by subepicardial LV fibrosis in the absence of ventricular dilatation or dysfunction. Ventricular dysfunction was manifest as left dominant disease (n=22, 48%) and biventricular disease (n=24, 52%); none had right dominant disease.

 DSP mutations are associated with left and biventricular phenotypes and can present as myocarditis. Current ARVC and DCM diagnostic criteria inadequately describe the clinical subtypes of DSP related disease. A novel approach to disease classification is proposed.

 Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation


Presenting the material in a reader-friendly, application-oriented manner, the author draws on his 50 years of experience in the field to give readers a better understanding of probability theory and stochastic processes and enable them to use stochastic modeling in their work. Many exercises allow readers to assess their understanding of the topics. In addition, the book occasionally describes connections between probabilistic concepts and corresponding statistical approaches to facilitate comprehension. Some important proofs and challenging examples and exercises are also included for more theoretically interested readers.


Since 2002 genetic evaluations for all traits in Simmental and Brown Swiss are performed across country borders of Germany and Austria. The joint population is called DEA in the breed specific publications and documentation of Interbull Centre. Currently DEA participates in international evaluations for production traits and udder health in both breeds. Additionally, Brown Swiss data for conformation and longevity traits is included in the Interbull routine evaluation.


the Royal Commission on Lunacy and Mental Disorder," which is published on p. 15. In the discussion which followed, the President said that the slightness of the proposed changes was good evidence of the value of the present regulations. It had occurred to him to remark that many magistrates seemed to mistake their function, and to attempt to adjudicate on the medical evidence in the certificate, instead of seeing that legal procedure had been properly carried out. Dr. E. Barton White said that he felt that, since it was inevitable that the law must step in where it was necessary to deprive a patient of his liberty, the provisional treatment order was a farce. The procedure proposed was exactly the same as that in force, except that the name " certification "


Dispersion analysis of interface waves (Scholte/Stoneley/Rayleigh) has been used extensively to determine geoacoustic models of near‐bottom ocean sediments. In many cases a single trace has been analyzed to derive group velocity dispersion using a multiple filter technique. The dispersion curve obtained in this manner reflects the average influence of the sediment acoustic properties over the entire path from source to receiver. However, when a linear array of receivers is used to obtain data simultaneously at a number of different ranges, it is possible to derive both group and phase velocity dispersion curves that correspond to propagation over a short portion (typically 5 m) of the total path at many different ranges. With this kind of data, the range‐dependent variation of geoacoustic properties in the sediment may be assessed. Results are presented based on data obtained with a 24‐receiver array and an explosive source, both deployed on the seafloor. Analysis of data from a number of different locati...


Solvothermal reactions of CuX (X = Cl, Br, I, CN) with bis(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane (ipzm) or its methyl-substituted derivative bis(4-iodo-3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane (idmpzm) resulted in the formation of three 2D [Cu2X2]n-based coordination polymers [{Cu(μ-X)}2(μ-ipzm)]n [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)], four 1D [CuX]n-based coordination polymers [{Cu(μ-CN)}2(μ-ipzm)]n (4), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ-Cl)]n (5), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ-Br)·MeCN]n (6), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ-I)·0.5MeCN]n (7), and one 1D [Cu6(CN)6]n-based coordination polymer [{Cu(μ-CN)}6(idmpzm)3]n (8). Compounds 1–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1–3 consist of an unique 2D layer structure, in which the 1D staircase [Cu2X2]n chains are linked by ipzm ligands via the μ-η1(N)-η1(N) coordination mode. In 4, two 1D zigzag [CuCN]n chains are linked by μ-ipzm ligands to form a 1D double chain. Compounds 5–7 have a 1D split-stair chain derived from connecting [Cu(idmpzm)] fragments via μ-X (X = Cl, Br, I) bridges, whereas 8 exhibits a 1D scolopendra-like chain assembled from a 1D [Cu6(CN)6]n chain with idmpzm ligands chelating on the outer central CuI atoms. The luminescence properties of 1–8 along with free ipzm and idmpzm ligands at ambient temperature were also investigated.


A typical Spacecraft is a cuboid structure comprising of sensitive and fragile elements such as antennae, sensors and actuators protruding out of the cuboid which define the overall volume of the spacecraft. Satellites need to be transported to launch base either by road or by air (in a cargo aircraft) in a specially designed container. The gap between the spacecraft and the inner wall of the container is to be kept as minimum as possible in order to minimise the size of the container so that it is possible to be accommodated inside the cargo aircraft. Safe transportation is one of the important activities which have to be performed with utmost care. Any damage to the spacecraft elements during transportation will be catastrophic to the mission. As the spacecraft size grows optimizing the internal volume of the spacecraft container becomes a challenging issue. Optimizing position and orientation of the spacecraft inside a container is very critical. Once the container lid is closed it is a tedious task to measure the gaps between the container lid and the spacecraft elements using conventional metrology techniques. In case any major anomaly is observed the project schedule is also affected. In such scenarios it is advisable to make the assessment during fabrication of the container well in advance and modify the orientation of the special fixture inside the container accordingly. Dummy models of the spacecraft volumes are necessary for such assessments since the satellite cannot be transported to the fabrication site. Nor can the container under fabrication be moved to the satellite production area due to cleanliness requirements, weight, volume, time and cost for these activities. Any change in spacecraft configuration calls for change in the dummy model and thereby increasing the time and cost of production. This paper describes newly developed digital metrology technique using Closed Range Photogrammetry for blind assembly of spacecraft containerisation. Using this technique, it is possible to verify by measurement, the gaps and interferences very accurately, to the tune of microns without bringing the 2 massive parts viz., the satellite and the container, at one place. The technique provides vital inputs to the designer without asking for dummy models and also improves the accuracy of the assembly.


A mobile robot localization design scheme combined ZigBee and distributed microphone array is introduced. Firstly, the frame of localization system composed of eight-element microphones array, two ZigBee point to point communications modules are proposed. Secondly, generalized cross-correlation (GCC) function based on time delay of arrival (TDOA) is introduced to the system design. In order to improve the localization effect, the PHAT transform function is used synchronously in the system. Otherwise, to increase the distance between two microphones for improving space resolution and avoiding signal frequency aliasing, broadband frequency-continue-changed audio is selected as the sound source. Thirdly, ZigBee technology based on CC2430 chip is used in the design scheme, it is used to encrypt localization result and exchange data between microphone array and mobile robot. The data is transmitted conveniently and safely using the Zig-Bee technology. Finally, Experiments were performed. The experiment results show that the design can calculate the position of the sound source accurately, it takes less than 1.5 seconds to locate the position of the sound source for each data, it is faster than that based on high resolution spectral estimation.


The utility model discloses a kind of for preventing the underground pipe gallery structure deformed in high water level liquefaction site, comprise underground pipe gallery, the both sides of described underground pipe gallery have bracing of foundation pit body, are respectively arranged with the horizontal sandstone drainage channel and vertical sandstone drainage channel that are interconnected under the base plate of described underground pipe gallery and outside two side wall panels.The utility model has the advantages that, under the bracing of foundation pit body set in underground pipe gallery both sides effectively can reduce seismic loading, soil body side direction expands the piping lane horizontal distortion caused; Underground pipe gallery and bracing of foundation pit body are linked to be by shear connector overall resists buoyancy force of underground water, avoids the vertical deformation of piping lane after liquefaction of soil mass; The sand-gravel cushion surrounded in piping lane surrounding forms good drainage channel, the discharge of excess pore water pressure after acceleration foundation liquefaction; The flexible geosynthetic layer that piping lane top and bottom are laid can discharge underground water fast, the vertical deformation that after alleviating liquefaction of soil mass, piping lane floating produces.


The construction of the low-lying pile caps in shallow branch river during low water period is presented for reference to the construction of similar bridge works in the future.


One of the most important phases of case-oriented research is identifying the relevant population of cases. The best practice scheme suggests first identifying the positive and then the negative cases, based on the assumption that the population is small and known. This scheme is inapplicable when the population is unknown, as is the case with many public administration and public policy outcomes, which are often less visible. However, most research either ignores this difficulty or recommends a single case study. This article suggests that when the population is unknown scholars can apply the possibility principle to identify the relevant population of cases. In order to do so, a large dataset is required. In policy studies, the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP) can serve this aim. This article highlights CAP's applicability for case selection based on the possibility principle in two less visible policy outcomes: conversion and drift. In that, it not only addresses an overlooked challenge but also promotes both CAP as a useful tool for qualitative researchers and the expansion of comparative work on conversion and drift.


Method for determining an individual operational reliability factor for a drive, wherein the drive comprises at least one gear, characterized, in that - are entered in a first step, information on the type of system or machine in a computer system, - in a second step, information (application data) axial force, transverse force, torque and number of load cycles for a type of system or machine in a computer system are entered via the time course of exposure to indicate the sizes, - in a third step the computer system by subclassing, so classification into ranges of values of sizes, from the time variation of the load, a load collective comprising partial collectives, forms, - the computer system for each partial group from the predetermined number of cycles n by a limit load characteristic is determined that depicting the dependency of an external lateral force from the torque M


In the field of Financial Technology, machine learning provides important support for decision-making through the effective use of data. Credit card fraud detection technology is a good example, but it still faces two challenges: the unbalanced data sets and cost-sensitive characteristics. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced CSat (Customer Satisfaction)-related AdaBoost. Based on the traditional AdaBoost, we consider the expected loss of the impact of customer satisfaction and re-adjust the weight of different categories in the cost adjustment function of the basic classifier. Considering the serious consequences of fraud transactions, we also implemented a metric related to the Total Profit of Classification (TPC) to evaluate performance. The results show that the CSat-related AdaBoost performed better in F1-score and AUC score compared to the traditional AdaBoost and some mainstream models, the reliability and interpretability of TPC as an evaluation metric is also demonstrated in our paper.


The article analyzes the text of one of the many medical handbooks published in Poland in the second half of the 18th century. It concerns emotions and feelings accompanying a person during an epidemic, as well as problems and difficulties that he had to overcome. It also introduces the commonly functioning opinions of doctors about the plague and ways to fight it. The text should also be considered as an attempt to explain the reactions, behaviors and adopting specific attitudes – both of the sick and those managing the specific organization of social life during an epidemic.


Through information collection and analyzing of the pear bud sport varieties and strains,the spontaneous variation characters were divided into 5 types and 16 small classes.These characters are mainly concentrated on large-fruit type,peel color,mature date,storage property,and self-compatibility,etc.The research progress in the bud sport varieties/strains and related variation characters were reviewed.The causes of large-fruit variation can be classified into two types of chromosome doubling and fruit weight control gene mutation;The peel color variation was caused by the genetic mutation involved in anthocyanin,chlorophyll or cork biosynthetic pathway;The S-loci mutation led to the spontaneous variation of self-compatibility.The effectiveness of pear bud sport breeding for different quality improvement was discussed,and the future research and technology development related to pear bud sport breeding were prospected at last.


According to the statement of President Xi Jinping at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030. Regions are the major units undertaking carbon emissions control. The achievement of the national emission peaking target requires the participation of all regions. However, regions still need to rationally judge their peaking targets and paths and enhance their basic capabilities while promoting carbon emissions peak. Besides, China should step up its macro-guidance for regions to peak carbon emissions in terms of top-level design, mechanisms improvement, and overall coordination.


Abstract : The audit objectives were to determine wbether MSC collected fuel consumption data and submiitted bunker fuel requirements data to DFSC to support the continuation and establishment of bunker fuel contracts, and to determine whether existing bunker fuel content were being used by DoD- controlled vessels. We also evaluated implementation of the management control program established by MSC as it related to the other audit objectives. At the end of the audit survey, we decided that no additional audit work was necessary on the announced audit objectives concerning whether non-DoD agencies that obtain bunker fuels under DoD contracts reimburse DoD at the full contract cost and whether DoD vessels can make greater use of nlilitary facilities to refuel rather than using bunker fuel contracts. Non-DoD agencies did not reimburse DoD, but paid for all bunker fuel purchases directly.


Objective To study the value of circulating miRNA expression in regulation,early diagonosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods Fifteen AF patients(5with paroxysmal AF,5with persistent AF and 5with permanent AF)served as an AF group and 5subjects undergoing physical examination served as a control group.Peripheral blood(PB)and coronary sinus blood(CSB)samples were taken from the patients before and during radiofrequency ablation.Circulating miRNA expression in whole genome was detected by Volcano Plot and target genes in Mirbase,Miranda and Targetscan were analyzed.Results Of the 14 differently expressed miRNAs in CSB group and PB group,the expressions of 6miRNAs(miR 1266,miR 4279,miR4787-5p,miR 4666a-3p,kshv miR K126-3p and miR3150a-5p)were up-regulated and those of 8miRNAs(miR 892a,miR 3149,miR 3171,miR 3664-5p,miR 3591-3p,miR 4423-5p,miR 4473and miR 574-3p)were down-regulated.The expression level of miR 1266and miRNA was significantly higher and that of miR 3171was significantly lower in AF group than in control group(P0.05).Conclusion CSB can effectively predict the metabolism and regulation of miRNA in AF patients.The miR 3171,miR 892a,miR 3149are persistently expressed in early AF patients and can thus used as a diagnostic marker of AF.The miR 1266,miR 4279,miR 4666a-3p may serve as AF treatment targets.


The impacts of media"contents"are so intense that it can make another media becoming its contents.The compiler of media innovation develops intension of old media,calls for old and beautifull things,applies to forming and developing new media,promotes mutual improvement between the old and the new.


To assess whether treatment with enoxaparin and low-dose aspirin, along with intensive pregnancy surveillance, reduces rate of pregnancy loss compared with intensive pregnancy surveillance alone in women with history of 2 or more consecutive previous pregnancy losses, a parallel group, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was performed in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Participants (n = 294) presenting for initial antenatal care at fewer than 7 weeks' gestation with history of 2 or more consecutive previous pregnancy losses at 24 or fewer weeks' gestation and no evidence of anatomic, endocrine, chromosomal, or immunologic abnormality were randomly assigned to receive either enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously and 75 mg of aspirin orally once daily along with intense pregnancy surveillance or intense pregnancy surveillance alone from random assignment until 36 weeks' gestation. The primary outcome measure was pregnancy loss rate. Of the 147 participants receiving pharmacologic intervention, 32 (22%) pregnancy losses occurred, compared with 29 losses (20%) in the 147 subjects receiving intensive surveillance alone, giving an odds ratio of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.59) of having a successful pregnancy with pharmacologic intervention. Thus, we observed no reduction in pregnancy loss rate with antithrombotic intervention in pregnant women with 2 or more consecutive previous pregnancy losses. The trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN06774126.


Expansion of elevational range in a forest pest: Can track their Abstract. Gradients in elevation impose changes in environmental conditions, which in turn modulate species distribution and abundance as well as the interactions they maintain. Along the gradient, interacting species (e.g., predators, parasitoids) can respond to changes in different ways. This study aims to inves-tigate how egg parasitism of a forest pest, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa , vary along an elevational gradient (190 – 2000 m.a.s.l.) in a mountain range of SE Spain, including areas of recent elevational expansion, for a seven years period (2008 – 2014). We used generalized linear mixed models to ascertain the effect of both elevation and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (a proxy of interannual climatic conditions) on the rate of parasitism, and the occurrence probabilities of two parasitoid species: a PPM specialist and a generalist species. Since four pine species are strati fi ed along the elevational gradient, we repeated all the analyses separately for lowlands (190 – 1300 m. a.s.l.) and uplands (1350 – 2000 m. a.s.l.). Results showed a decrease in both parasitism rate and probability of occurrence of the two main parasitoid species with elevation, although decline was more severe for the specialist species. The effect of elevation was more conspicuous and intense in uplands than in lowlands. Positive NAO winter values, associated with cold and dry winters, reduced the rate of parasitism and the probability of occurrence of the two main parasitoid species — but particularly for the generalist species — as elevation increases. In a context of climate warming, it is crucial to mitigate PPM elevational and latitudinal expansion. Increasing tree diversity at the PPM expansion areas may favor the establishment of parasitoids, which could contribute to synchronizing host – parasitoid interactions and minimize the risk of PPM outbreaks.


Abstract  The Norwegian Welfare System and how its programs support Norwegians with intellectual and developmental disabilities is described and proffered as a case example of how one nation's public policy shifted to provide community-invested services for people with lifelong disabilities. The foundation of Norway's shift to complete reliance on home and community supports for its citizens with intellectual disabilities lies in the health and welfare system that is in place for all Norwegians. Social change began in the mid-1970s when a governmental commission examined Norwegian social policy for people with developmental disabilities using four factors: (1) the ideological tenets of the principle of normalization, (2) the government's commitment to decentralization of services, (3) the goal of the integration of persons with disabilities, and (4) moving toward a broader definition of developmental disabilities as a target group for services. The commission's recommendations of closure of institutions and the devolution of services led to a reliance on local townships and municipalities. However, this process was not without its problems, such as competing demands for public services and local economies, and dealing with barriers posed by resistance to social integration and inclusion. The author explores the Norwegian experience and the dilemmas faced by local communities in attempting to meet the national goals of a "noninstitutional society."


Following the parity-favoured and parity-unfavoured classifications in the study of the angular distribution of photofragments, a selection rule has been derived for parity-unfavoured transitions in the photoionisation of linear molecules. It is necessary to satisfy this selection rule, which depends upon the change on the value of the axial angular momentum of the target molecule and also takes into account the effective interaction between the photoelectron and the residual molecular ion, for such transitions to occur with non-zero intensity in molecular photoionisation.


A 3-dimensional dislocation dynamics (DD) model for simulating the plasticity in polycrystals is developed. By the application of a version of superposition principle and a homogenization theory, the DD model can accurately account for the elastic anisotropy of crystal grains, and can derive the macroscopic stress-strain behavior of polycrystals from the microscopic dislocation dynamics. In order to show the potential of the DD model for the simulation of polycrystal plasticity, the DD model is applied to the simulation of plastic deformation of copper polycrystal with various crystal grain diameters. In the numerical results, complex dislocation interactions can be found, and the stress-strain behavior strongly depends on the crystal grain diameter, which is consistent with the Hall-Petch relationship. Therefore, the DD model can be a promising candidate as a numerical investigation tool for the size effect in the polycrystal plasticity.


In this research we will know the existing deficiencies in terms of customer satisfaction in the company NOA ROOFTOP of the city of Machala, for this we have taken relevant methods and instruments that allow us to solve the problems raised, ie through the survey It was possible to identify that the company did not have clear policies of customer satisfaction and quality of service, so it was not meeting 100% of customer expectations. Through this research we were able to establish new satisfaction policies and at the same time improve the service, always counting on the suggestions of the clients that are the best references to apply improvements to the company, since the loyalty of the clients is represented when it exists A good relationship between company and customer.


This paper presents an image enhancement method using stochastic resonance (SR) and provides two applications to sonar image processing., i.e. side-scan sonar image and bearing-time record. Simulated and real data are tested and the results show that the proposed method is suitable for noisy images with very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), when the texture of the object is not subtle, and the region where the object lies in is not too small compared to the minimal region coverage over which SR works. We also show that an additional amount of noise besides the noise of the image itself may be helpful in enhancing the image.


This paper investigates the effect of the switching frequency of pulse width modulation (PWM) motor drives on radiated Electromagnetic Field Interference (EMI) due to common Mode (CM) ground currents. A technique with two successive steps is used to simulate conducted as well as the radiated EMI. At first, a high-frequency permanent magnet (PM) machine model, a high-frequency cable model, and a low-frequency IGBT drive model are employed to simulate the common mode (CM) current through ground paths, conducted EMI. The radiated EMI is modeled as a time harmonic electromagnetic wave which is propagated through all the components of the electric drive system. The Radiated EMI were evaluated by 3DFE analysis while the simulated common mode (CM) ground current from the first step was used as the supply source of the radiated fields. The results of this two step technique follow the expected patterns and provides a novel numerical alternative during the design and development stage of electric motor drive systems.


ed from a great variety of sources. Child describes him in his note on "Young Bearswell" (1882–98, 5: 178) as "a respectable voucher." And while Motherwell's collector Thomas McQueen is also above suspicion, James Rankin was largely responsible for bringing Peter Buchan's collection into disrepute. In sum, Peter Buchan was to Child anything but the ideal ballad collector/editor. The only thing that would have decided the case against Peter Buchan one way or the other was a publication of all his manuscripts—Grundtvig was right.


A restorative environment tells how certain types of environment help heals people mentally and physically, and many studies in the related field have drawn connection that natural and green places are more likely to be restorative to a person's health, especially when compared those living in cities. In Kuala Lumpur, rapid urbanization and previous poor city planning result in residents becoming increasingly susceptible to mental fatigue and urban stress. Residents frequent for the very few urban parks available as a place to restore themselves, thus the restorative qualities of the urban parks are critical to elevating the quality of life. This study investigates the theory of restorative environment and highlighting its criteria in the context of Kuala Lumpur, by analyzing an existing urban park as a case study: the Perdana Botanical Garden. The methods used include site observation, interview, and a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of the environment as well as user perception. Data from finding confirms the restorative theories as perceived by users and its suggested space criteria and shows that most users come to the park as green therapy and to relieve stress and relax, as they find that the natural scenery and engaging landscaping inside the park are restorative to their overall well-being.


Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are the pre-eminent statistical modelling technique in modern voice recognition systems. Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) is a state-of-the-art compression algorithm that can be used for statistical modelling of textual information. In the past we have studied the use of PPM models to solve the generalised tag-insertion problem. We show that, in general, PPM-based models are a special case of HMMs, with a particular structure, enabling the use of well researched, mature, HMM tools and techniques to solve the tag-insertion problem. Using a state-of-the-art HMM package, we describe how PPM–based modelling of discrete, ordinal, sequential signals can be recast as modelling of continuous, ordinal, temporal signals amenable to processing by HMM. We examine the statistical algorithms available for use on models in HMM form that are unavailable to models in PPM form.


Device for protecting an optical device of a vehicle, especially a combat vehicle, having two protective elements (2, 3) by means of an adjusting device, in particular from a standby position off a viewing window of the optical device, are adjustable in a protective position in front of the viewing window of the optical device, wherein are two levels of protection adjustable by means of the protective elements (2, 3).


The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities of national perception through the analysis of the comments taken from news media. The research is based on comparative and contrastive analysis of the reader's comments to the articles devoted to the terroristic attack in Nice happened on July 14, 2016 and reflected in mass media in the French and Russian languages. On the first stage of the research the object of comment and the peculiarities of its representation in two languages are defined. On the second stage of the research the frame analysis of the studied material is fulfilled, consisting of defining the contextual frames. The key topical subframes, which in turn are divided into slots, are determined in the structure of frames. The logical-semantic relations are built among the structural elements of frames. The possibility of crossing topically-different subframes within one frame is demonstrated. The frequency of domination of this or that slot in comments is defined and explained. The allomorphic and isomorphic features defined in the research show the peculiarities of cultural and historical values influencing national mentality.


The forgotten "atom dipole interaction model" in which several induced dipoles in a molecule can interact is investigated. This model leads to an anisotropic (tensor) polarizability of a molecule using only isotropic (scalar) atomic contributions. A three-site model of water reproducing the experimental tensor polarizability is developed and tested using molecular dynamics calculations.


Working Paper. Written by The Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS) of INCAE. This work seeks to stimulate thought about: new conceptual frameworks; possible alternatives to framing problems; suggestions to put in place public policies; regional, national and regional investment projects; and, business strategies. It does not intend to prescribe models or policies. Neither does it makes the authors or CLACDS responsible for incorrect interpretation of its content, nor for good or bad management or public policy practice. The objective is to elevate the level of discussion regarding competitiveness and sustainable development in the Central American region. Under the prior stated conditions, CLACDS, and not necessarily its contributing partners, is responsible for its content. September, 2005.


This research will be exploring the prospect of employing bluntness, known to suppress the tendency toward asymmetry on slender forebodies, jointly with pneumatic manipulation as a system of forebody asymmetry control. The influences of jet location and direction, blowing rate, relative noise bluntness, angle of attack, and state of flow separation feeding the vortices (laminar vs. turbulent) will be evaluated.


A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different temperatures on life stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on frozen eggs of Sitotroga crealella . The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at Department of Plant Protection, SAU, Tandojam Sindh, Pakistan during 2013-14. The result revealed that the maximum hatching 88 % of eggs was recorded at 28 oC followed by 25, 31, 22, 34 and 37 oC. The highest mortality (dx) was recorded in first instar at 34 oC followed by at 22, 31, 37, 25 and 28 oC, whereas, minimum (dx) was recorded in third instar and pupal stages as well. The highest and lowest apparent mortality (100qx) was observed in the first instar and egg stages at 37 oC. The data further depicted that the highest survival fraction (Sx) was recorded as (0.98) in second instar, third instar and pupa at 28 oC, whereas, the lowest (Sx) was observed as (0.13) in the first instar at 37 oC. The maximum indispensable mortality (IM) was 42 in egg stage at 37 oC and lowest 1.0 in pupal stage at all temperature regimes. The number of the surviving at the beginning of the stage (lx) was highest 39 adults emerged at 28 oC followed by 31, 24, 20 and 5 adults emerged at 25, 31, 22 and 34 oC, respectively. On the other hand, minimum total generation mortality (K) was recorded as 0.11 at 28 oC followed by 0.21, 0.32, 0.40, and 1.00 at 25, 31, 22 and 34 oC, respectively. The minimum duration from egg to adult emergence was 12.0 days at 34 oC and maximum 23.5 days at 22 oC. There was significant difference between the duration and treatments ( P<0.05 ). It is concluded that the maximum mortality was recorded at 37 oC in egg and first instar stages, no any stage was survived after second instar. The temperature ranges from 25 to 31 oC have been proved suitable for the development of C. carnea. . However, 1 st and 2 nd instar survived for short period at 37 oC only.


A polymeric dye based on polystyrene was prepared from waste PSF through nitration,reduction,diazotization,and coupling reactions.The main influence factors of each step reaction were studied and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained.The structures of the intermediate products and the obtained polymeric dye were characterized by FTIR spectra.


The Effects of Antibiotic and Steroid Therapy on the Secretory Capacity of Middle Ear Mucosa in Animal Model with Acute Otitis Media


This study aimed to explore the impact of the selective Human Resources Management Practices (Recruitment & Selection, Training, Performance Appraisal, and Compensation) on the employee's competences (Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes) at Jordanian private universities (Applied science, Philadelphia, and Alzaytoneh). The study population consisted of the human resources working at the Jordanian private universities researched were (1478); samples of (104) employees were selected. The researcher distributed the questionnaires to collect the primary data, and the SPSS statistical program of social studies was used.
 The study findings revealed that the selective Human Resources Management Practices (HRMP, s) are widely used and had appositive strong size effect on the employee's competences (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) at Jordanian private universities (Applied science, Philadelphia and Alzaytoneh). Based on the study results the researcher recommends that Jordanian private universities have to take the necessary actions to adapt appropriate Human Resources Management Practices (Recruitment & Selection, Training, Performance Appraisal, and Compensation) that develop the employees competences (Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes) to achieve the competitive advantages for their universities.


Abstract FROZEN meats are handled at the retail level more cheaply than chilled meats (Ezzel and Riley, 1959). Also, they can be sold at a steady rate so that market gluts, with corresponding losses from forced sales, do not occur. For these and other reasons, the freezing of poultry increased from 150 million pounds in 1948 to 1732 million pounds in 1961 (Anonymous, 1962). The consumer demands oven-ready birds (Weidenhamer, 1958) so the retailer often must thaw birds to satisfy the customers. During the Thanksgiving and Christmas seasons, the practice is common because freezer space in retail stores is limited. Some poultry that is intended to be sold as a chilled product is frozen for shipment, so that less refrigeration is required to keep it cold until delivered. The increasing practice of thawing poultry at the retail level has led representatives of the poultry industry to request an evaluation of the…


The electronic structure and magnetic properties of some yttrium and uranium Laves-phase pseudobinary alloys with 3{ital d} elements have been calculated. The calculations were done by simulating the electronic structure of the alloy by that of an ordered compound with the same stoichiometry. In general a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical magnetic moment was found, indicating that the spurious long-range order of the calculations is of minor importance. A comparison between the present supercell cluster approach and the virtual-crystal approximation for the electronic structure and cohesive properties is presented for Y(Fe{sub 0.75}Co{sub 0.25}){sub 2} and U(Fe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}){sub 2}.


Abstract The correctness and reliability of findings and\recommendations of empirical studies conducted by social and economic researchers depend largely on the efficiency of the econometrics methodologies employed in such studies. Of particular interest are such studies which are centered on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) considering the relevance of such studies to the total wellbeing of the world populace. In view of this, there is always a need for theoretical review of econometrics methodologies commonly used by researchers with a view to providing researchers with research updates on the theoretical standing of these methodologies. In this study, we set up a Monte Carlo Experiment (MCE) to evaluate the relative performance of various estimators of a simultaneous equation model in the presence of varied levels of multicollinearity. The model was estimated with a simulated data set of sample size 30 over 100 replications. The parameter estimates obtained from the six estimators considered were evaluated using RMSE criteria. Our result revealed that irrespective of the level of multicollinearity in our model, ILS and OLS yielded best estimates of the parameters. On the contrary, the system estimators all performed poorly in the presence of multicollinearity. Also, 2SLS, LIML and 3SLS estimators yielded virtually identical estimates. By our findings, in the presence of multicollinearity, estimators OLS and ILS performed best and should therefore be preferred above the multi-equation estimators.


The Arts Self-Perception Inventory (ASPI) is a new instrument for junior high school and high school students designed to assess self-concept in four major arts-related domains: music, visual arts, dance, and dramatic arts. Two-hundred-and-five 7th-grade students completed this inventory, the Self Description Questionnaire II (SDQ II), and an investigator-designed questionnaire assessing interest, self-ratings of ability, grades, and noteworthy accomplishments in the arts and school subject areas. Conventional and confirmatory factor analyses clearly identified the four dimensions the ASPI is intended to measure. ASPI subscale scores were highly reliable (all as = .92) and, in general, had low correlations with each other and with the other dimensions of self-concept measured by the SDQ II. Correlations among self-concept dimensions and other indices formed a logically consistent pattern that strongly supported the construct validity of the ASPI scores.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an optically readable code support to be associated with or be part of a capsule indented for delivering a beverage in a beverage preparation device, support comprising at least one sequence of binary symbols, represented on support so each symbol is sequentially readable by a reading arrangement of an external reading device, while capsule is driven in rotation along an axis of rotation, wherein binary symbols are essentially formed of light reflective surfaces and light absorbing surfaces. Code support preferably comprises a base structure extending continuously at least along said sequence of symbols, and discontinuous discrete light-absorbing portions locally applied onto or formed at surface of said base structure; wherein discontinuous discrete light-absorbing portions form light- absorbing surfaces and base structure forms light-reflective surfaces outside surface areas occupied by discrete light-absorbing portions; said discrete light-absorbing portions are arranged to provide a lower light-reflectivity than portions of base structure outside surface areas occupied by discrete light-absorbing portions. EFFECT: use of said optically readable support provides reading of information during rotation of capsule, which increases rate of beverage preparation process. 28 cl, 16 dwg


We prove a representation theorem for {Xt} (t denotes time), an rth order categorical Markov chain. We prove that the conditional probability P(Xt|Xt − 1, …, Xt−r) can be written as a linear combination of the monomials of past process responses Xt − 1, …, Xt−r. Simulations show that the "partial likelihood estimation" and the representation together give us satisfactory results. We also check the performance of "BIC" criterion for selecting optimal models and find that to be quite satisfactory. An advantage of this model over existing models is its capacity to admit covariates as linear terms by extension. For example, we can add some seasonal processes to get a non-stationary chain for daily precipitation values.


The Augustan laws criminalising adultery and stuprum and promoting marriage and childrearing not only intruded into the family lives of citizens (including freedpersons and their descendants) but also made marital probity central to moral and political discourse in the first century. This was true not only for imperial figures like Seneca and Musonius Rufus, but also for Jews and the earliest Christians. Considering Philo and Paul as interpreters of the sixth commandment ('you shall not commit adultery') illuminates the subtle but significant ways that the Roman matrix set the parameters within which they worked out their arguments. For Philo the ten commandments are heads or summaries of the legislation as whole; the sixth commandment (following the LXX) takes pride of place in the 'second pentad' because adultery is the greatest of injustices and is rooted in pleasure, the most fatal of passions. He reads the commandment expansively and through first-century constructions of sexuality. Comparison with Pseudo-Phocylides suggests that Philo did not originate these positions, but shares them with other first-century interpreters. Paul also is concerned with summarising the law; he cites the sixth commandment in Romans, where he grants it first place in the second pentad, and reads it as prohibiting all unions and acts that contravened good sexual mores. But for Paul, the sixth commandment is no longer a guide for the blind; it is never cited when he advises his communities on sexual morality. Instead it supports his argument for freedom from the law in Christ.


The main directions of technology developing of certified sunflower seed material preparation. Shaforostov V. D., Tyurin A. A., and E. A. Peretyagin. "OIL CROPS" Scientific bulletin, VNIIMK, 2005, is. 2 (133) Analysis of technologies, applied when preparing seed material is given; three main technology types multiple-stage, two-staged, and conveyer are chosen. Its main advantages and disadvantages are shown. Different combinations of equipment for these technologies are described. It is shown that it is necessary to state conceptual approach to this problem for the following developing of the technology. The new container technology for sunflower seeds is described.


The archaeological study of the early medieval economy, and especially the emporia, has traditionally focused on aspects of long-distance exchange. The paper highlights the need for a more regional focus, by assessing the role and impact of the emporia on the surrounding areas, using York and its region as the basis for the study. Coinage, pottery, and stone artefacts are examined through their regional distributions, and implications for trade and exchange (long-distance, regional and local) discussed. The concluding discussion suggests that York, whilst probably the main centre for long-distance trade, may have been only one of a number of trading centres, and that during the later eighth and ninth centuries, regional exchange may have become increasingly important with the rise of potential markets at a number of inland sites.


Consists of a description of a multitude of imagery techniques that have been loosely grouped into four major categories: hypno-behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic/humanistic and humanistic/transpersonal.


The invention discloses a method, device and server for advertisement orientation based on input behaviors. The method comprises the following steps: at least one of user key words and user interest points is acquired from acquired user input historical text information; at least one of the user key words and the user interest points is sent to the server through a network; an advertisement sent by the server is received and displayed at a preset position, wherein the advertisement is acquired in the mode that at least one of the user key words and the user interest points is matched by the server. By means of the method, device and server for advertisement orientation based on the input behaviors, advertisements with more accurate positioning can be sent to users quickly.


The relationship between knowledge-based economy and sci-tech periodicals is described in the article,and the qualities expected of editors in the era of knowledge-based economy are explained.Suggestions regarding the construction of sci-tech periodical editor team in knowledge-based economy are given.


Side-lobe reduction of a symmetric broadside array by tuning-element spacings is presented. Through appropriate point matching and least-square error approximation of the radiation power distribution, further side-lobe reduction may be achieved without broadening the beamwidth. Three simulation results will be given to show the applicability of the proposed spacing perturbation technique in reducing side-lobe levels. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This is the raw and processed data for our paper. These will be useful for others preforming similar studies for comparison. We would be delighted if someone ran CFD/CAA using these data as a test case. To process the files, run the matlab files: Plot_Boundary_layer_Properties.m Plot_Data.m All mat and other files are available.


Carbohydrates are synthesised, refined and degraded by carbohydrate active enzymes. FRET is emerging as a powerful tool to monitor and quantify their activity as well as to test inhibitors as new drug candidates and monitor disease.


increased white blood cell count (14840/mm), and elevated CRP (3.91 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (43 mg/dL) and creatinine (2.68 mg/dL) levels. b-D-glucan levels were not measured. Because microscopic analysis during dermatological consultation revealed filamentous fungus in the abscess, voriconazole (400 mg daily) was administrated. However, his general condition worsened and increased creatinine kinase levels were detected, suggesting deep soft-tissue infection or necrotizing fasciitis. The patient died of multiple organ failure 1 week later. Histological examination of the leg lesion revealed fibrous granulation tissue with mixed cellular infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes and multinucleated foreign body-type giant cells (Fig. 1f). No fungal elements were stained by Grocott's stain, probably due to prior voriconazole therapy. P. boydii/S. apiospermum complex was isolated from a leg biopsy specimen by fungal culture (Figs 1g,h). A molecular identification was not performed. Pseudallescheria boydii/S. apiospermum complex is a ubiquitous fungus found in soil and stagnant or wastewater. It is a rare but important cause of cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. The standard treatment of this fungus is not well established. Voriconazole exerts antifungal effects against P. boydii/ S. apiospermum complex, although the protocol has not been optimized. Pseudallescheria boydii/S. apiospermum complex can cause severe cerebral infections, as noted in case 1. The prognoses of patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections are poor, and the success rate of voriconazole therapy against the CNS infections is only 43%. The high mortality rate associated with CNS infections may be due to delayed diagnosis. Therefore, P. boydii/S. apiospermum complex is an important opportunistic pathogen causing invasive mycosis with high mortality rates. Early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment.


The bilaterally metal-loaded tri-plate transmission line (BIT line) band-pass filter was designed and fabricated at 30GHz by using the FR-4 substrate for the purpose of cost-effectiveness. And moreover, the filter was designed at 60GHz by expanding the design guide at 30 GHz. In the design procedure, Prof. Matthaei's theory using inverter parameters of the transmission lines having differential transmission lines at input and output ports was applied. The BIT line filter was also designed by using the glass-fiber PTFE substrate to compare the filter made by FR-4 substrate.


In mobile ad hoc networks, routing protocol area is a challenging issue. In spite of recent research, MANETs lack load balancing capabilities, and thus, they fail to provide expected performance especially in the case of a large volume of traffic such as real time traffic. In this paper, we propose a simple but very efficient algorithm to support Quality of Service (QoS), by the use of load-distributing and congestion avoidance routing method. Initially we classify the traffic flows as real time traffic and normal traffic depending on their priority. The proposed load distribution based QoS routing algorithm intended for a variety of traffic classes to establish the best routing paths. The proposed algorithm calculates the cost metric on the basis of the load on the links. The routing of high priority traffic is performed over the lightly loaded links, in such a manner that the links with lighter loads are chosen instead of links with heavier-loads. In the absence of real time traffic, the lesser loaded path can be utilized by normal traffic.


29 This chapter outlines the historical background of the research in the area of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Various research studies have been conducted on different aspects pertaining to these concepts in the telecommunications sector. These studies throw light on finer nuances influencing the customer experience, perception, satisfaction as well as customer loyalty with regard to the services they access through various telecom service providers. Customer loyalty has been shown to have an impact in a number of ways and it in turn gets impacted by a number of factors. An attempt has been made to analyze research literature dealing with these factors. The other variables under study in this research along with customer loyalty are customer satisfaction, image, value for money, price, and various customer touch points. Hence, the literature related to these variables has also been reviewed. Special care has been taken to review the literature of both Indian and foreign research studies. These studies (foreign as well as Indian) are discussed in this chapter.


The theory of intrinsic (phonon) dielectric losses in ferroelectrics of displacive type is reviewed and compared with the theory of losses in ordinary dielectrics. The authors in 7-12 have calculated the temperature and frequency dependence of losses for a wide range of variation of the parameters. The results are compared with those of the previous papers1-5.


The viability of a satellite link for the interconnection of two TETRA networks using the Inter-System Interface (ISI) is studied with respect to desired functionality and QoS. ISI-based TETRA over satellite can be used in emergency situations when no terrestrial infrastructure exists between the two networks, as well as in normal operations as an alternative to ground based interconnection infrastructure. The response time of different services in a given network architecture is of primary concern because large propagation delay is the main source of service degradation. A modified version of critical path analysis, as it applies to protocols, is used to estimate total propagation delays for a set of ISI services. The estimates give an insight into the delay-related problems expected in this particular interconnection scenario and represent quantitative measure of QoS degradations as experienced by the end users. Limits on the system timers can be deduced in order to avoid their premature expiration. The impact of satellite interconnection on ISI-based services is significant. A performance enhancing proxy functionality is foreseen to reduce the delays.


PIONEERING is necessarily leisurely. When, with Mr. M. F. Staniland, I took a car on the first motor journey ever made down the west coast of Africa, it took us nearly nine months, but our route, when improved and straightened out, will save over 3000 miles on any other now recognized between the North African seaboard and Cape Town. I have, in the past six years, motored over all the main arterial throughways of Africa, and for clarity of description I have divided them into seven. They include three desert crossings, a main east-to-west route, and, including the one I have just opened, three that run roughly from the equator to the south. The one that runs from Cairo via Wadi Haifa, Khartoum, and Juba, continuing through Uganda to Nairobi, can be described as both difficult and dangerous; in parts there are practically no marked tracks and one must travel by compass, as it is impracticable to follow the Nile. From Tangier the desert is crossed by what is generally known as the Bidon Cinque route, which passes through Reggane to Gao, and offers in my opinion the fastest crossing, as the surface is firm for the greater part of the way. It suffers however from a paucity of points of supply, so that necessities for man and car have to be carried. On all the other routes, except the one I have just done, supplies are available at frequent intervals. The third desert route runs from Algiers, and is being improved yearly; in fact it can already be described as a road. A normally fast car can reach an efficient supply point at the end of each day's run, but the rugged country, though picturesque, makes rough going for nearly the whole way. The east-to-west route is joined by those I have just mentioned. Leaving Dakar, it is at first poor, but after Bamako becomes a fine high way by which one may reach Zinder, or branch through Nigeria on the way to Fort Archambault, Stanleyville, Irumu, Nairobi, and Mombasa. From this route a fine road runs from Nairobi via Tanganyika and North and South Rhodesia into South Africa. Passing entirely through British territory, this is known from Cairo to the Cape as the All Red Route. The route which leaves the east-towest one at Irumu is now known as the Royal Route, and the Belgian authorities are doing a great deal of work to make it a trans-African highway. It passes through the Parc National Albert and some of the finest and most interesting scenery in Africa, and continues through to Albertville, Elizabethville, and Ndola in Rhodesia, where it joins the South African network. But it must be remembered that any one of these routes may be impassable in the rainy season or owing to extreme heat in the desert. The route which Mr. Staniland and I have just completed leaves the eastto-west one in Nigeria and passes through the French Cameroons, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo, Angola, South West Africa, and the Union of South Africa. The following are extracts from my daily log and a route-sheet compiled after we left Jos in Nigeria. Jos is a busy mining town where we picked up emergency stores, as we did not know what conditions we should have to encounter on the route to


This is an electronic version of an article published as: Warsh, C.K. (1988). Adventures in Maritime quackery: The Leslie E. Keeley Gold Cure Institute of Fredericton, N.B. Acadiensis, 17(2), 109-130.
Acadiensis is published by Acadiensis Press and is available online at: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/acadiensis.
This article is available at: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/12243/13087.


This paper focuses on "sense of Ikigai" and social support shown in the peoples' response data obtained from the Asia Pacific Values Survey 11countries/areas. Although researchers have not yet agreed on a single definition of the term Ikigai, a very common word in Japanese, for the purposes of this study I tentatively use the term "reason for living" to mean Ikigai. The results show that Japan, South Korea, and the Chinese cultural sphere share common relationships, in contrast to the United States and India. In particular, in East Asian countries both emotional and appraisal support have impacts on perceived reason for living. In other words, a sense of social bond with others and receiving praise and acknowledgment are factors contributing to a sense of Ikigai in those countries.


Laterite soils of Orissa belonging to Alfisols. Ultisols and inceptisols have pH dependent acidity varying from 3.1 to 11.8 cmol (p+)kg−1 and are mainly associated with the inorganic fractions of soil such as oxides of Fe, Al and clay. pH-dependent acidity at pH 8.0 was 3 to 4 times greater than that at pl/7.0. Exchangeable Al+++ was detected below pH 5.2 and AI-saturation (%) in the exchange complex varies from 2.4 to 61.3 and possess a highly significant negative correlation with soil pH. Potential acidity in soil varies from 3.4 to 13.5 cmol (p+) kg−1 of which the exchange acidity is 1 to 29.7 per cent and the rest being pl/dependent acidity. The permanent negative charge component in soil dominated over the pH - dependent one at pH 7.0 whereas, the reverse occurred at pH 8.0. More than half of the permanent charge is satisfied by H+ and Al+++ below pH 4.7 and the value decreased 10 < 2.3 per cent above pH 5.8.


This research paper concerns to optimize the various aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle to reduce the drag resistance and to increase the fuel efficiency and vehicle performance. Nowadays, fuel consumption of the vehicle is the major problem to deal. So, to reduce the fuel consumption and to improve the fuel economy, aerodynamic drag resistance will be considered and minimized. In this project, the drag resistance of the vehicle will be reduced by using the rear spoiler. The spoiler is designed for achieving the best result in reducing the drag in a hatchback car model. The scaled model of the car is created by using the software CATIA V5R20. The spoiler also designed using this software. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and analysis is done on the scaled modeled car with the spoiler by using ICEM CFX. The correlation between the without and with spoiler arrangements on the scaled model car is also investigated.


This work was supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. GLS is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow.


Decentralized economic operation schemes have several advantages when compared with the traditional centralized management system for microgrids. Specifically, decentralized schemes are more flexible, less computationally intensive, and easier to implement without relying on communication infrastructure. Economic operation of existing decentralized schemes is also usually achieved by either tuning the droop characteristics of distributed generators (DGs) or prioritizing their dispatch order. For the latter, an earlier scheme has tried to prioritize the DG dispatch based on their no-load generation costs. Although the prioritization works well with some generation costs saved, its reliance on only the DG no-load generation costs does not allow it to operate well under certain conditions. This paper thus presents a more comprehensive economic dispatch scheme, which considers the DG generation costs, their power ratings, and other necessary constraints, before deciding the DG dispatch priorities and droop characteristics. The proposed scheme also allows online power reserve to be set and regulated within the microgrid. This, together with the generation cost saved, has been verified experimentally under different reserve, load, and DG conditions.


The ability of the doublet excited state of perylene diimide anion radical 2(PDI-)* to reduce aromatic electron acceptors was probed by picosecond time resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Excitation of PDI- produces visible TA due to 2(PDI-)* that decays with τ = 160 ps. Aromatic electron acceptors with varying reduction potential quench 2(PDI-)*, and in some cases give a new visible region absorption that is attributed to the products of bimolecular photoinduced electron transfer, 2(PDI-)* + Ar-X -> PDI + Ar-X-. Stern-Volmer quenching of 2(PDI-)* accomplished with a series of acceptors provide bimolecular quenching rate constants as a function of acceptor reduction potential. Rehm-Weller analysis of the electron transfer quenching data affords the potential for the (*PDI-/PDI) electrochemical half-reaction as -1.87 V vs SCE.


*The correlation of the degradation effects of inflight icing accretion on lift/drag and propulsive efficiency of a turbo-propellor powered transport aeroplane with environmental conditions is described. The effects have been determined from pitch-up manoeuvres conducted during Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS) 1.5 and II inflight icing research programmes, totaling fourteen manoeuvres with the airframe ice protection system (IPS) OFF and twenty manoeuvres with the IPS ON. The paper describes in detail the effects with IPS ON and OFF during accretion. These effects of icing accretion upon drag are considered in terms of profile drag increase and the induced drag increase k (which also includes the viscous drag rise with CL 2 ). The effects upon liftcurve slope are also considered. The changes to CDo, k and a have been preliminarily analysed for correlation with environmental parameters of air temperature, liquid water content (LWC) and small droplet median volumetric diameter (MVD). With IPS ON, exposure to more than 10 gm/cm 2 of supercooled liquid water (SLW) was achieved. ∆CDo increases did not correlate with SLW exposure. Maximum ∆k and ∆a degradations correlated with each other, and with air temperature. With IPS OFF, maximum ∆a degradations correlated with exposure to SLW, whereas maximum ∆CDo and ∆k correlated with exposure to small droplet conditions. LWC, MVD and heat transfer parameter power-law grouping yielded differing ∆CDo characteristics, consisting of intermediate amplification, then subsidence, in the case of IPS ON, and monotonic rise, in the case of IPS OFF.


Even though work–family conflict has been linked to negative outcomes for both correctional facilities and staff, little research has been conducted on how workplace factors may be related to it. This study tested nine hypotheses based on the job demand–resource model. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis of survey data from 160 staff revealed that while most job demand variables (i.e., the role stressors of role conflict, role overload, and perceived dangerousness) predicted work–family conflict, the same did not hold for job resource variables (i.e., the workplace factors of job autonomy, supervision, job variety, instrumental communication, and integration).


In the present study the cross sectional analysis is carried out in the rural and tribal area of Nasik District of Maharashtra to study the relationship between socio demographic character of mother that is maternal caste and mode of delivery either n ormal or LSCS. To measure the risk of emergency LSCS with respect to demographic character of mother, 1230 women delivering infants in the study setting during one year i.e. from January 2009 to December 2009 was selected. The study assesses the mode of de the study setting. Thus this study explores the impact of maternal social factor that is caste on outcome of pregnancy in terms of utilization of emergency obstetric services and prop area. Further the findings suggest that the socioeconomic factor that is maternal caste can be an important determinant in the case of decision making regarding the mode of delivery & occurre In the present study the cross sectional analysis is carried out in the rural and tribal area of Nasik District of Maharashtra to study the relationship between socio demographic character of mother that is maternal caste and mode of ormal or LSCS. To measure the risk of emergency LSCS with respect to demographic character of mother, 1230 women delivering infants in the study setting during one year i.e. from January 2009 to December 2009 was selected. The study assesses the mode of de livery, caste of mother and the occurrence of low birth weight babies in the study setting. Thus this study explores the impact of maternal social factor that is caste on outcome of pregnancy in terms of utilization of emergency obstetric services and prop ortion of low birth weight babies in a rural hospital in tribal area. Further the findings suggest that the socioeconomic factor that is maternal caste can be an important determinant in the case of decision making regarding the mode of delivery & occurre nce of LBW as an outcome of the pregnancy. LSCS, low birth w eight, chi square test. In the present study the cross sectional analysis is carried out in the rural and tribal area of Nasik District of Maharashtra to study the relationship between socio demographic character of mother that is maternal caste and mode of ormal or LSCS. To measure the risk of emergency LSCS with respect to demographic character of mother, 1230 women delivering infants in the study setting during one year i.e. from January 2009 to December 2009 livery, caste of mother and the occurrence of low birth weight babies in the study setting. Thus this study explores the impact of maternal social factor that is caste on outcome of pregnancy in ortion of low birth weight babies in a rural hospital in tribal area. Further the findings suggest that the socioeconomic factor that is maternal caste can be an important determinant in nce of LBW as an outcome of the pregnancy.


"In this article I addressed the nature of missiology and missiological research. Missiology is like a dynamic river that can "flow" with any academic discipline examining human behavior "to expand missiological theory and applications and to extend the mission Dei" (Elliston 2011:112). Theological research as a stand-alone research method may or may not serve missiological purposes; however, missiology and theology are related disciplines. This same rational does not apply to the social sciences and missiology. Missiology can benefit enormously from a social science approach to research but may be paralyzed by utilizing social science research as a whole package."


Wind turbine power converter system (WTPCS) is a crucial device in a wind energy conversion system. This paper presents the new failure rate models and a reliability evaluation technique for the (WTPCS) considering effects of wind speeds, which can be named by the multistate probability analysis method. The case studies on the WTPCS of a 2 MW wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator are conducted using wind speed data at Lauwersoog and Valkenburg wind sites in Holland. The results indicate that reliability of the WTPCS is affected significantly by variations of wind speed and the rated wind speed of wind turbine. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by examples.


Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal carcinoma in the human kidney. To date, to the best of our knowledge, there are no biomarkers for the early monitoring and diagnosis of RCC patients. The present study aimed to develop deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the regulation of RCC development and to reveal candidate miRNA biomarkers in human RCC. A meta-analysis was used to integrate the published and independent RCC miRNA expression profiling investigations that compared the miRNA expression profiles in RCC samples with control samples. The meta-signature miRNA target genes were then predicted in TargetScan. The predicted targets were further analyzed using Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tool, and then the transcription factors of meta-signature miRNA target genes were identified in Tfacts. A total of 7 publicly available and independent RCC miRNA expression profiling datasets were collected, and 2 upregulated (hsa-miR-155-5p and hsa-miR-210-5p) and 6 downregulated (hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-141-5p, hsa-miR-200c-5p, hsa-miR-362-5p, hsa-miR-363-5p and hsa-miR-429) meta-signature miRNAs in renal carcinoma were identified. The targeted gene enrichment analysis indicated that the meta-signature miRNAs may influence several pathways that participate in cancerogenesis, including the 'rap1 signaling pathway', 'renal cell carcinoma' and 'microRNAs in cancer'. Overall, the present meta-analysis identified 2 upregulated and 6 downregulated meta-signature miRNAs from 7 renal carcinoma datasets, the dysregulated miRNAs that may contribute to kidney carcinoma development. This research may reveal candidate miRNA biomarkers in human RCC.


Police work has been identified as a stressful occupation. Considered in the context of the South African (SA) situation, the paucity of research on the topic is cause for concern. This paper reports a preliminary exploration of stress in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Ninety-one SAPS members in the Cape Peninsula completed a questionnaire consisting of (i) Spielberger's 60-item Police Stress Survey (Spielberger, Westbury, Grier & Greenfield, 1981), and (ii) a 12-item Likert scale identifying potentially stressful areas specific to the South African context. Results show the SA sample to evidence a greater degree of stress than a USA sample. Results indicate that the way In which the police organisation operates in SA creates stress additional to the inherent pressure already existing as a result of the nature of police work. This finding indicates a potential area of intervention, and also shows that further research could profitably be conducted.


Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is opening new possibilities towards human-level intelligence, by leveraging its nature of spatiotemporal information encoding and processing that bring both learning effectiveness and energy efficiency. Although substantial advances in SNN studies have been made, highly effective SNN learning algorithms are still urged, driven by the challenges of coordinating spiking spatiotemporal dynamics. We therefore propose a novel algorithm, SpikeBASE, denoting Spiking learning with Backward Adaption of Synaptic Efflux, to globally, supervisedly, and comprehensively coordinate the synaptic dynamics including both synaptic strength and responses. SpikeBASE can learn synaptic strength by backpropagating the error through the predefined synaptic responses. More importantly, SpikeBASE enables synaptic response adaptation through backpropagation, to mimic the complex dynamics of neural transmissions. Further, SpikeBASE enables multi-scale temporal memory formation by supporting multi-synaptic response adaptation. We have evaluated the algorithm on a challenging scarce data learning task and shown highly promising performance. The proposed SpikeBASE algorithm, through comprehensively coordinating the learning of synaptic strength, synaptic responses, and multi-scale temporal memory formation, has demonstrated its effectiveness on end-to-end SNN training. This study is expected to greatly advance the learning effectiveness of SNN and thus broadly benefit smart and efficient big data applications.