The Instruction on Respect for Human Life (1987), issued by the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, attracted considerable negative as well as positive criticism at the time of its publication. The positive criticism included an excellent commentary in the Australian Lutheran Theological Journa/. l The negative criticism came as much from within the Church as it did from without. Those who hoped that the Vatican would allow in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (IVF) as a means of treating certain forms of human infertility, if only in the "simple case", were particularly disappointed. That disappointment was reflected in an anonymous critique of the document published in The TableT (March 14, 1987: 271) . This critique rejects the Instruction's "thoroughgoing indentification of the embryo as a human person"2 because, th e writer says, it enables the Instruction to "speak as though the doctor and the zygote are on the same level and have the same rights." .1 The Ta hie T went on to make other criticis ms as well. But it is the question of th e moral status of the embryonic human being and its implications for IVFtechnology which the present writer wishes to discuss in the light of the Vatican's Instruction on Respect for Human Life. As to the general thrust of the Instruction , I would agree with the following statement:


The 2009-10 Georgia Tech men's tennis media guide is a publication of the Georgia Tech Sports Information Office. Published as a source of information for members of the media.


In this work, a dual-band and high-efficiency reflective cross-polarization converter based on an anisotropic metasurface for linearly polarized electromagnetic waves is proposed. Its unit cell is composed of an elliptical disk-ring mounted on grounded dielectric substrate, which is an anisotropic structure with a pair of mutually perpendicular symmetric axes u and v along ±45° directions with respect to y-axis direction. Both the simulation and measured results show that the polarization converter can convert x- or y-polarized incident wave to its cross polarized wave in the two frequency bands (6.99–9.18 GHz, 11.66–20.40 GHz) with the conversion efficiency higher than 90%; moreover, the higher frequency band is an ultra-wide one with a relative bandwidth of 54.5% for multiple plasmon resonances. In addition, we present a detailed analysis for the polarization conversion of the polarization converter, and derive a formula to calculate the cross- and co-polarization reflections at y-polarized incidence according to the phase differences between the two reflected coefficients at u-polarized and v-polarized incidences. The simulated, calculated, and measured results are all in agreement with the entire frequency regions.


Received: 25 May 2012 Abstract Accepted: 18 August 2012 Many light metals, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, are promised to provide significant weight reduction for automobiles. However, the difficulties in welding these metals seriously hinder their large-scale applications. A new, hybrid mechanical joining process is proposed to avoid the inherited metallurgical complications in welding. By spinning and pressing a solid rivet into the metals, a joint is formed with the locking from the rivet, a stirred/mixed zone around the rivet, and solid bonding at the faying interface. This riveting process combines the actions of friction-stir welding in which metals of different sheets are mechanically mixed, and self-piercing riveting process which embeds a rivet in the sheets. Experiments have shown that such a friction-stir riveting process can produce joints of comparable strength to those created by other joining means, and can be applied to difficult-to-weld metals and dissimilar metals, such as aluminum-to-aluminum, magnesium-to-magnesium, and aluminum-to-magnesium.


Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins and have been proven to protect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in most organisms against external stressors, whether environmental or pathophysiological. This defense mechanism probably depends on the roles of Hsps as molecular chaperones in governing proper protein assembly, folding and transport or as anti -apoptotic regulators of cell death pathways. Recent investigations on human inflammatory diseases indicate that Hsps may be involved in the process of inflammation. In this short review, we describe the general concept of heat shock proteins and inflammation and the new anti-inflammation role of heat shock proteins in various inflammatory diseases such as infection, autoimmune diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiovascular diseases and chemical-induced diseases. The Hsps may act as autoantigens to stimulate the immune system and interact with inflammatory intracellular signaling pathways to regulate the inflammatory response. There are still unanswered questions about the heat shock response that require further investigation. Les proteines de choc thermique (Hsps) sont des proteines hautement conservees qui protegent les cellules de la plupart des organismes procaryotes et eucaryotes contre les facteurs de stress externes, que ceux-ci soient d'origine environnementale ou pathophysiologique. Ce mecanisme de defense est probablement lie au role de molecule chaperonne des Hsps qui interviennent dans I'assemblage, Ie repliement et Ie transport des proteines ou qui agissent comme agents anti-apoptotiques (regulation de la mort cellulaire). Oes recherches recentes sur les maladies inflammatoires humaines indiquent que les Hsps peuvent intervenir dans Ie processus d'inflammation. Dans Ie cadre de ce court resum,e, nous decrivons Ie concept general de proteines de choc thermique et de I'inflammation ainsi que Ie nouveau role anti-inflammatoire des proteines de choc thermique dans diverses maladies inflammatoires telles que les infections, les maladies autoimmunes, les lesions d'ischemie/reperfusion , les maladies cardiovasculaires et les maladies d'origine chimique. Les Hsps peuvent agir it titre d'autoantigimes qui stimulent Ie systeme immunitaire et interviennent dans les voies de signalisation intracellulaire en cas d'inflammation pour reguler la reaction inflamrnatoire. Les questions qui restent toujours sans reponse it propos de la rea ction au choc thermique doivent faire I'objet de recherches plus poussees.


This paper deals with frequency modulation radar ranging principles applied to an incoherent multi channel fiber optical laser radar (ladar) system. The amplitude of the power output of a semiconductor laser beam is linearly frequency modulated (chirp). The laser beam is guided into an optical fiber and then splitted in as many channels as needed. The light leaving the fibers illuminates the objects under surveillance. The backscattered light from the objects is coupled back into the fibers, guided to a single photo detector diode and converted to an electrical signal. Mixing this signal with a reference yields a new signal that includes explicitly the distance information in it's frequency components. The basic analysis techniques of this system are derived from estimation theory. Frequency as well as phase of the mixed signal are used to extract distance information. It is shown that the additional information in the phase of the signal lowers the variance of distance measurements.


The positive influence of expanding the bus system capacity on the passenger flow and the demand for rush hour is analyzed, and the application of city traffic source is discussed. Also, considered the negative effect on the bus company, expanding bus system capacity is proved to be feasible and effective on the basis of the widely acceptance of the bus transit.


The axial resolution of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) can be enhanced by reducing the speed of sound within the imaging region of interest. This principle was demonstrated on a previously-reported PAM system, which utilized a 125 MHz ultrasonic transducer for signal detection and the Wiener deconvolution for signal processing. With sound slowed by silicone oil immersion, we have achieved a finest axial resolution of 5.8 μm for PAM, as validated by phantom experiments. The axial resolution was also enhanced in vivo when mouse ears injected with silicone oil were imaged. After injection of silicone oil, the blood vessels were resolved more clearly. When tissue-compatible low-speed liquids become available, this approach may find applications in PAM as well as in other imaging modalities, such as photoacoustic computed tomography and ultrasound imaging.


The paper represents a brief overview of  Russia's trade and economic relations with countries of Central (middle)  Asia, formerly part of the USSR, which gained independence in  1991. Key export and import items of Russia with Kazakhstan,  Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan are identified, and main areas  of investment cooperation (resource extraction, electric power, telecommunications, and mechanical  engineering) are highlighted. Based on analysis of scientific literature, a  conclusion is made about transitional nature of inter-country interactions – from mostly military-political to investment-technological ones.


Liposarcoma is an uncommon sarcoma. Its presentation can be deceptive, varying from innocuous to frank malignancy. Liposarcoma behaves differently from other sarcomas. This article highlights the key prognostic factors of liposarcoma, based on current literature, and suggests a plan of management.


In this paper we will examine ways of making tasks that we perform on a com- puter a socially richer experience. We present two systems: Agneta & Frida and the recipe-based food store. The first system introduces narrative and humor into web browsing by using two anthropomorphic agents that comment and tell stories while a user browses the web. The second system is an on-line food store that uses collaborative fil- tering techniques and other means to connect people in order to make on-line shopping a more social task.


Managers need a framework for assessing various kinds of risk and uncertainty that will continue to confront corporate decision makers as the 9/11 event plays out over the following months and years. The authors suggest an innovative scenario process, one that provides business continuity planning and medium‐term operational planning with a more rigorous analytical grounding, but without overburdening the process with excessive and ultimately counter‐productive complexity. The authors have introduced alternative scenario‐based tools to respond to this specific need for continuity assurance and near‐term operations planning. Case one: business continuity planning (BCP) for the management of one leading global financial services firm committed to a process of identifying and remedying gaps in the recoverability of its key assets. Workshops developed strategies that would close unacceptable asset recovery gaps in two scenarios. Case two: medium term operational planning for a professional services firm in the weeks that followed 9/11 evaluated the plausible range of impacts on their business and operations as the USA and the world took action and terrorist groups responded further. Case three: three years ago the US Coast Guard developed scenarios for very long range strategic planning for their long view project. The Coast Guard developed ten basic strategies from these scenarios. The fourth strategy was "Acquire full maritime domain awareness". The goal was to give the Coast Guard the ability to acquire, track, and identify in real time any vessel or aircraft entering America's maritime domain. Maritime domain awareness (MDA) turned out to be highly relevant for USCG decision making both before and after 9/11. Of all the major US federal services involved in the 9/11 response operation, the Coast Guard was singled out for its agility and preparedness.


Background: Soft lining denture base materials have a key role in modern prosthodontics, but the major problem with soft linings is that they show change in the sorption and solubility after being used for a long period, which lead to dramatically effect on the dimensional stability and on the adhesion of soft lining acrylic denture base material. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding plant oil extracts on sorption and solubility of soft linings as well as the effect of different pH levels of artificial saliva at different times of immersion on sorption and solubility of soft linings. Materials and methods: 270 specimens were made from heat cured soft liner materials and divided into three groups (90 specimens in each group) according to the addition of ginger oil extracts. The first group was the control group made of soft liners only without adding ginger oil; we added 2% of ginger oil extract to the second group and 5% to the third group. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the immersion time of different pH artificial saliva levels (neutral, basic and acidic). There were three different periods of immersion: 1week, 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The sorption and solubility of each specimen were measured separately. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the sorption and solubility of soft linings when adding plant oil extracts, but there was a highly significant difference when different pH levels of artificial saliva were used. The result also showed a highly significant difference when we used different times of immersion. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that there was no effect on the sorption and solubility of the soft liners when adding plant oil extracts and there was a highly significant difference on the sorption and solubility of soft lining materials when immersed in different pH levels of artificial saliva at different periods.


INTRODUCTION
Since 2021 first-trimester anatomical screening (FTAS) is offered in the Netherlands alongside genome-wide-cell-free DNA. Previously, only second-trimester anatomical screening (STAS) was offered. This study identifies structural abnormalities amenable to first-trimester diagnosis detected at/after STAS in the period following cfDNA implementation and preceding FTAS introduction.

METHODS
This retrospective-cohort includes 547 fetuses referred between 2017-2020 because of suspected structural abnormalities before/at/after STAS. Additional prenatal investigations and postnatal follow-up were searched. Abnormalities were classified into 'always', 'sometimes' and 'never' detectable in the first-trimester based on a previously suggested classification.

RESULTS
Of the 547 pregnancies, 13 (2.6%) received FTAS and 534 (97.6%) received a dating ultrasound and STAS. In 492/534 (92.1%) anomalies were confirmed; 66 (13.4%) belonged to the 'always detectable' group in the first trimester, 303 (61.6%) to the 'sometimes detectable' and 123 (25.0%) to the never detectable. Of the 'always detectable' anomalies 29/66 (44%) were diagnosed during dating ultrasounds and 37 (56%) during STAS. The rate of TOP for anomalies detected during FTAS and at/after STAS was 84.6% (n=11/13) and 29.3% (n=144/492) (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION
When FTAS is not part of screening paradigms, most fetal anomalies remain undetected until the second trimester or later in pregnancy, including 56% of anomalies 'always detectable' in the first trimester. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This study tested a new model of the occupational decision-making processes of senior high-school students, which incorporates cultural and motivational perspectives. A theoretical framework guided the study. A refined version of a previously used survey instrument was administered to 566 Australian Grade 11 students attending a stratified random sample of 16 government high schools in the Sydney metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The major finding of the study is the confirmation of a new model of the occupational decision-making processes of senior high school students, that incorporates the predictive roles of idiocentrism oriented toward the future and allocentrism toward the family, and the strong mediating role of occupational interest/enjoyment, in arriving at occupational attitudes, and ultimately, occupational intentions. Psychologists, career managers, counselors, educators, and families may be able to use the findings to understand, and guide, the occupational decisions of senior high school students.


: Functional textiles and clothes have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Apparel possessing antibacterial and antioxidant functions can offer health care effects. Cotton head covers with antioxidant and antibacterial functional properties were created by using a sustainable approach in the current study. The sustainability was applied through using microwave dyeing for knitted cotton fabric with lac and turmeric natural dyes as well as chitosan bio- mordanting. The microwave dyeing was optimized by studying the dyeing time (3-11 min), the microwave power (100 - 900 W), salt concentration (0-10 %) for both lac and turmeric dyes, and the pH of the dyeing bath (2-6) for lac dye and (4-8) for turmeric dye. The deposition of chitosan on cotton fabric was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy for the cotton surface. The color strength of cotton fabric reached 11 and 8.3 for lac and turmeric dyes, respectively with no salt dyeing after chitosan treatment. This result was obtained at 450 W, 7 min, and pH 3 for lac dye and 100 W, 3 min, and pH 7 for turmeric dye. both perspiration and washing fastness (the staining on cotton) properties of lac dyed cotton fabrics were enhanced in the case of chitosan treatment. But in the case of turmeric dye, the fastness properties to wash and light were improved after chitosan treatment. The functional properties of antioxidant and antibacterial were evaluated for both lac and turmeric dyed cotton fabric. The antioxidant activity for turmeric and lac dyed cotton fabrics reached 61.25% and 11% respectively. The antibacterial activity against three strains of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) was evaluated using the turbidity method and both lac and turmeric dyes showed antibacterial activity.


A survey on the population structure of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)in the waters of Heilongjiang river was conducted in 1999~2000,as a part of the program for enhance the fish which planned by Sino-Russian fishery combined committee.The average weight of up river migrating females was 3.07±0 89 kg ranging from 2.10 kg to 3.50 kg,males was was 2.59±0.90 kg ranging from 1.60 kg to 3.00 kg.The fish was quit smaller during the ending migration than the earlier population.There was some morphological difference between the populations from wusulijiang river and Heilongjiang river.The population of Wusulijiang river had a short nose ,smaller eyes,short and thick tail wrist,dorsal and anal fin had less rays which were more closed to nose than that of Heilongjiang river.Also the population in the Wusulijiang river which formed mainly by 4 years old fish had larger body,but the population of Heilongjiang river which was formed mainly by 5 years old fish was more fatty.These results showed that the chum salmon of Wusulijiang river and Heilongjiang river belongs to two different ecological population.


7. Ginsberg JS. Management of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1996: 335(24):1816-1828. 8. Hull RD, Raskob GE, Ginsberg JS et al. A noninvaive strategy for the treatment of patient with suspected pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 289-297. 9. Hull RD, Nirh J, Carter CJ, et al. Pulmonary angiography ventilation lung Scanning and venography for clinically suspected pulmonary embolism with abnormal perfuion lung Scan. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98: 891-9. 10. Stehling MK, Rosen MP, Weintraub J, Km D, Raptopoulos V. Spiral CT venography of the lower extremity. AJR 1994; 163: 451-453.


Background : According to the results Riskesdas 2013, the healthcare of mother and children is one of the health issues that concern the world. Purpose : The object of this research is to analyze the influence of behavioral factors on the performance of midwife with health belief models theory approach in Pangarengan community health center. Method : This was a observational research conducted cross-sectional in August-October 2019. The technique to collect data were questionaire and check list. The data utilized were both primary and secondary data. The population in this study were all midwives working in community health centers Pengarengan totaling twenty people. The frequency distribution was used to analyze the data. Result: Based on linear regression analisys obtained perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and cues to actions had a positive influence on the behavior of the midwife. While the perceived barriers, perceived benefits and self efficacy had the opposite effect. Conclusion: health belief model of theory have an impact on behavior improvement Pengarengan antenatal care at the health center. Suggestion: Further research needs to be done about the behavior of the performance in order to improve the quality of antenatal care.


The present invention, tumor cells, and in particular a composition for modulating the dissemination of metastatic cancer cells. In particular, the present invention is metastatic for use in the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, metastatic relates tumor agent for regulating cell seeding, the agent scavenger and / or chemoattractants of tumor cells it is. The present invention also relates to a method of product and treat or prevent cancer comprising an agent for adjusting the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells.


In eukaryotes, biosynthesis of many extracellular matrix glycans occurs in the Golgi apparatus. These proteins include glycosyltransferases, modifying enzymes and nucleotide-sugar conversion enzymes, many of which possess a type II membrane topology. Growing evidence indicates that both the function and Golgi localization of many of these proteins are regulated through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Given the essential nature and conservation of extracellular matrix polysaccharides, it is likely that PPIs are more prevalent among biosynthetic enzymes. However the identification of PPIs among Golgi proteins has been technically challenging due to the generally low abundance and unique membrane topology of these proteins. The aim of this article is to explore the feasibility of cDNA library screening by a yeast-based modified split ubiquitin system as a mean for unbiased screening for PPIs involving a Golgi-localized type II membrane. As a test case, a galacturonosyltransferase1 (GAUT1), involved in pectin biosynthesis in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was used as the bait. Construction and screening of Arabidopsis cDNA libraries using GAUT1 as the bait successfully led to identification of GAUT7, a previously reported interaction partner of GAUT1, which validates the method. Furthermore, 25 novel candidate interaction partners were identified. The results contribute to shape a field guide for identifying PPIs involving glycan biosynthetic enzymes in eukaryotic cells.


We solve the homogeneous Eshelby inclusion problem on a finite unit cell with periodic boundary conditions. The main result is a representation formula of the strain field which is reminiscent of the familiar Green's representation formula. The formula is valid for any smooth inclusion and divergence-free eigenstress. More, it is shown that a Vigdergauz structure does not have the Eshelby uniformity property for symmetric non-dilatational eigenstress unless it degenerates to a laminate.


This article addresses how to integrate the water requirements associated with new federal land conservation initiatives – such as new national parks, wildlife refuges, conservation areas, recreation areas, and wilderness any policy areas – with state water law systems. It looks at past controversies over federal reserved rights, and suggests a kind of third way – rights substantively defined by federal law and procedural perfected through state water rights systems, as a reasonable compromise between state and national interests. It touts the approach Congress used in designating the Great Sand Dunes National Park as a model.


The test drive control system has been designed for realizing intelligentized test to the helicopter electric winch, This paper introduces the design circumstance of each subsystem that make up the test drive control system.


Among the philosophical schools of ancient China, the Nung-chia 'School of the Tillers' is the one of which we know least. The surviving information has been assembled by Feng Yu-lan , who identifies it as the one school which reflects the aspirations of the peasants. He finds only one recognizable spokesman, Hsü Hsing, the teacher of 'the words of Shen-nung' who came with his followers to settle in the small state of T'eng , probably about 315 B.C. A disciple named Ch'en Hsiang visited Mencius, and we have a report of the conversation from the Confucian point of view. Ch'en Hsiang says of the Duke of T'eng: 'A worthy ruler feeds himself by ploughing side by side with the people, and rules while cooking his own meals. Now T'eng on the contrary possesses granaries and treasuries, so the ruler is supporting himself by oppressing the people'.


Globally exponential stability of a class of cellular neural networks with multiple time varying delays is investigated.Using the technique by virtue of Young and Halanay inequalities,some new sufficient criteria are given to ensure the uniqueness of equilibrium point and globally exponential stability.In this way the criteria given for globally exponential stability are entirely independent of time delay without the differentiability of time-varying delay and the strict monotonicity of neuron's excitation function.In addition,some remarks are given to explain how the results as shown in this paper improves and extends the earlier works as references of which the effectiveness is proved via simulation example.


The authors present the Westinghouse Electronics Systems Group (ESG) approach to software process improvement. In July 1988, the ESG participated in an assessment of its software engineering process. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) developed the assessment instrument and provided a team of software professionals to assist ESG in its assessment. Several recommendations, aimed at improving ESG's software engineering process, were made by the joint team of SEI and ESG participants. The primary recommendation from the assessment was to review ESG's existing software engineering process group activities against SEI's charter and functions and make appropriate recommendations for improvement. ESG's software engineering process organization (SEPO) is described, SEPO software process activities are discussed, and improvements to ESG's SEPO model are considered.<<ETX>>


Freight car demand information and forecasting systems have become increasingly important to the centralized car distribution procedures that have developed in the railroad industry. During Phase II, a forecasting system was developed which incorporated the recommended features from Phase I (report dated March 1975). The objective of Phase II was to test the accuracy of the recommended system in practice and to determine the feasibility of implementation. Several conclusions were reached, including: (1) Car order information, field forecasts, and loadings information can be obtained and a forecasting system developed at a relatively low cost. (2) The resulting forecasting system can forecast a composite measure of demand at an 80 to 95 percent accuracy rate on a week-to-week basis. This report documents these conclusions and others and presents the results of the various forecasting approaches developed.


Accurate and efficient video quality assessment (VQA) methods are important guidelines for optimizing network video quality, improving video compression performance, and recommending compression coding parameters. No-reference VQA methods are mainly divided into bitstream-based methods, which are less time-consuming but less accurate, and pixel-based methods, which are more accurate but more time-consuming and require high hardware requirements. Both methods are not applicable to the quality assessment of a large number of network videos. To address the above problem, we propose an efficient and accurate cross-domain no-reference network video quality assessment method (CDNRVQA) based on bitstream. CDNRVQA takes I-frames as representative frames and uses deep neural network to obtain video high semantic features and distortion features from the representative frames, then obtains temporal features and some spatial features of the video based on the macroblock and motion vector in the compressed videos, and uses feature fusion strategy to fuse features from pixel domain and compressed domain, and finally obtains comprehensive cross-domain features which can represent the video distortion brought by content, motion and compression. CDNRVQA performs well on large VQA datasets. CDNRVQA achieves similar performance to the state-of-the-art VQA models, but greatly improves prediction time, and greatly reduces hardware consumption on the device. CDNRVQA makes it possible to apply VQA methods to video platforms.


The present invention discloses a method for processing a biological probiotic fermented edible mushroom edible mushroom probiotic food fast food. The present invention is edible mushroom raw material and salt thereof directly into the sealed container by steam sterilization process, the fermentation broth of lactic acid bacteria fermentation, can be obtained instant edible mushroom probiotic food fast food. The present invention is edible mushroom and lactobacillus combine fermentation, scientific and rational design steps and process conditions, sealed vial particular use pudding bottle prepared as a container-designed edible mushroom and sealed fermentation vessel volume ratio, improved the success rate and safety of fermented products, edible mushroom fungus product fermented probiotic in high purity, reduce the cost of fermentation, the present invention requires a small investment, easy operation, suitable for factory production and expansion of implementation. And to achieve extended shelf life of edible mushroom, reaching its biological preservation quality results.


This descriptive study aimed to examine occupational health hazards and health status related to risk among 285 aging workers in the seafood canning industry in Songkhla Province.  Data were collected using the interview form and the observation form of working posture. The results showed that the important occupational health hazards perceived by the subjets were ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. Working posture based on observations required an action for improvement ( 73.33%). Concerning health status related to risk, the most common ailments possibly related to exposure to occupational health hazards included neck/shoulder/forearm pain ( 57.89% ) and back/lumbar pain ( 47.02% ) , while work-related injuries during the past three months was 5.96 percent.  Health related lifestyle needed to be improved was rest and stress management. These results indicate occupational health team should recognize the importance of establishing a plan to enhance awareness and disseminate health risk information. Health promotion program to reduce occupational health risk among ageing workers should also be formulated.


This paper presents a methodology for detecting deforestation activities in a near real time using Terra MODIS data. The proposed methodology, named "DETER" Project ("Deteccao em Tempo Real do Desflorestamento na Amazonia" - Real Time Deforestation Detection in Amazonia), is based on the PRODES Digital methodology that uses the Landsat TM and/or ETM+ images. Then DETER methodology consists on generating fraction images, segmentation of soil fraction images, classification using non supervised approach, mapping and editing the classified image, using MODIS daily data. The PRODES Digital and DETER projects are part of the "Estimate of deforestation in Amazonia" activities performed annually by Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). DETER project is providing information about the deforestation occurring through the year and then PRODES Digital is mapping and estimating the annual deforestation. Therefore these informations are consistent between these two projects and useful for the Government Organizations Actions. These informations are available in the INPE/PRODES Website (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/).


In this digital era, the development of video games is so rapid, from console-based to smartphone devices. One of the trending video game genres is the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) with one of the most popular MOBA games, the Mobile Legends game. In winning a match in a Mobile Legends game, a good game strategy is needed from each team to defend the base and destroy the opponent's base, one of which is by Ban Hero or banning some existing heroes so that they cannot be used both for the opposing team and for the opposing team. own team. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict the pattern of hero tires using the Apriori algorithm which was carried out on 9 attributes of Hero Mobile Legends. From the results it is known that CHOU Hero is more widely used and not banned compared to 8 other Heroes


Objective:To document the sectional anatomy and CT imaging for limited operation on intervertebral disc extrusion. Methods:By serial transverse sections of L 3 4 and L 4 5 intervertebral discs in 30 adult cadavers and 30 CT scannning films of patients without lumbosacral diseases,percutaneous puncture point,routine and angle,as well as puncture distances between puncture point and posteromedial line,posterolateral margin and center of L 3 4 and L 4 5 intervertebral discs were observed and measured Results:The averages of puncture angles and puncture distances between puncture point and posteromedial line,posterolateral margin and center of L 3 4 and L 4 5 intervertebral discs were as follows respectively:(38 7±0 5)°,(46 6±0 4)°;(6 0±0 1)cm,(7 6±0 1)cm;(7 1±0 1)cm,(7 9±0 2)cm;(9 3±0 2)cm,(10 3±0 2)cm Conclusion:It is safe to puncture L 3 4 and L 4 5 intervertebral discs by way of the safe region at lateral margin of processus articularis superior,in which puncture points at inferior margin of processus spinosus of L 3 and L 4 are 6 0 cm and 7 6 cm to posteromedian line,point angles are 38 7° and 46 6°,and puncture depths from puncture point to posterolateral margin and center of intervertebral disk are 7 1 cm and 7 9 cm,9 3 cm and 10 3 cm respectively


current thinking within the field. The authors are drawn from a range of backgrounds academic, cultural and geographic, and the topics covered include lexical function, memory and retrieval, code switching, and mixed language. Issues relating to the acquisition of second and third language learning and to skilled reading in a second language are also discussed in the first section. In the second section, on neuropsychological perspectives, the focus is on aphasia, the ageing bilingual, and cerebral lateralization, and there is a fascinating chapter on visuo-gestural bilingualism. Of particular interest to those involved with child language are the chapters by Wallace Lambert on the use of subtitles to aid language acquisition, and Edith Magist's studies of the children of immigrants in Europe. Lambert describes three studies with large numbers of children from different social class backgrounds, presenting them with various videotaped combinations of dialogue and/or writing in L1 and/or L2 or mixtures of both. Among the results are indications that standard subtitling (dialogue in L2, subtitling in L1) was the least effective aid to


Simple Summary The oncofetal protein OCT4 is a factor that promotes self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and induced stem cells, which has been linked to neoplastic processes, but its role and clinical significance in rectal cancer are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 related to clinical-pathological characteristics and its clinical significance in rectal cancer patients. Protein expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was found in rectal tumor tissue but not in adjacent non-tumor tissue, and high expression was significantly associated with phenotypical characteristics of more aggressive rectal cancer. Abstract Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of the intestinal tract have been implicated in its origin. The oncofetal protein OCT4 has been linked to neoplastic processes, but its role and clinical significance in RC are unknown. This study investigates the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 related to clinical-pathological characteristics and its clinical significance in RC patients. The expression level of stem cell marker OCT4 was analyzed in 22 primary rectal tumors by western blot. The association between OCT4 protein expression and the clinical-pathological features of tumors was evaluated by χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. We demonstrated that the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was observed in tumor tissue but not adjacent non-tumor tissue. High expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation grade (p = 0.039), tumor invasion level (p = 0.004), lymph node involvement (p = 0.044), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.002), and clinical stage (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that high OCT4 expression is associated with a more aggressive RC phenotype, with a greater likelihood of progression and metastasis. These results shed light on the importance of targeting this CSC marker to attenuate RC progression.


The buck converter is an electronic device widely used in power electric applications. This converter has a nonlinear performance in consequence of the switching transistor effects which it uses. Implement a classic controller for this converter results very complex. Hence, fuzzy controllers are used to obtain a better steady state performance of the system. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization to ensure a steady state error (ess)<;0.03 and a ripple factor (Fr)<;0.03. We use the NSGA-II multi-objective algorithm, because this has an elitist approach that guarantees a great genetic diversity. The obtained results are validated using simulation of the algorithm obtaining a smaller ess and Fr than the previous works. This work represents an innovative contribution in the control of buck converters, due to the fact that there's no works in the literature that tunes this devices using NSGA-II.


The study was conducted on Polish Holstein Black-and-White cows. From a herd of about 300 animals maintained in a free-stall dairy shed, two groups of 10 were selected by the analogue method: primiparous (P) and second-lactation cows (SL), taking into consideration the stage of lactation (90±30 days) and daily milk yield (35.42±2,6 kg). During the first 7 days (that were considered the initial period – CTL) all the cows were fed the same TMR (total mixed ration) diet. From day 8 to 28 (considered the true experimental period – FOL) at the same time of the day each cow from both groups received individually 150 g fish oil and 250 g linseed oil. Milk samples were taken individually from each cow three times: on the last day of CTL and on day 14 and day 28 of FOL. As a result of supplementation with FOL, a decrease in the SFA content of milk was observed – for P from 62.610 to 56.70 and for SL from 63.50 to 53.67 g/100g of fat. The milk from P cows after 21 days of supplementation was characterized by a higher level of total CLA (P≤0.01), FFA (P≤0.01), SFA (P≤0.01), SCFA (P≤0.01) as well as atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI) indices (P≤0.01) and lover level of PUFA n-3 (P≤0.01), PUFA n-6 (P≤0.01), LCFA (P≤0.01) and MCFA (P ≤0.01) compared to SL cows. In conclusion, introducing FOL to TMR diets for cows can improve the nutritive value of milk. Differences in the concentration of these milk components between the experimental groups indicate that it is significantly affected by the age of cows.


Lilium pumilum is a species with high ornamental value due to the inflorescence colorfulness and fully blooming flowers. Plants are sold in pots or as cut flower, but little is known about its responses to preservative solutions. Freshly cut inflorescences, containing flowers and buds in different stages (point of commercialization), were treated as follows: T1) distilled water; T2) sucrose (20 g/L); T3) citric acid (100 mg/L); T4) silver nitrate (AgNO3 – 0.2 mM); T5) silver thiosulphate (STS – 0.2 mM); T6) sucrose + citric acid; T7) AgNO3 + Sucrose; T8) sucrose + STS; T9) AgNO3 + citric acid; T10) STS + citric acid; T11) STS + citric acid + sucrose; T12) AgNO3 + sucrose + citric acid. Daily, the flower development and senescence was determined (E0 – green bud flower; E1 – bud showing the first petal color; E2 – orange bud; E3 – semi open bud; E4 – open flower; E5 – beginning of flower senescence and E6 – wilted flower), length and diameter of the buds, fresh mass and flower longevity. Diameter of L. pumilum flowers ranged from 18.5 to 14.8-fold to treatments T3 and T5, respectively, in relation to control. However, reduction of 17.1-fold was verified to treatment T4, T8, T11 and T12 when compared to T1. Independently of change, this occurred about 24 hours after storage in preservative solution. The longevity was 1.6 days higher for treatments T8 and T11 than T2, T5 T6, T10 and T12, and 3.21 days in relation to treatments T1, T3, T4, T7 and T9. L. pumilum buds showed major percentage of opening flower on advanced stages, independently of preservative solution. Change of weigh can improve by recovery of turgescence after cutting independently of the preservative solution. Treatments containing AgNO3 induced stem and leaves yellowing after three days from harvest. Thus, for this flower, the use of vase solutions containing sucrose+STS or STS+ citric acid+sucrose is recommended.


Objective To study the laparoscopic cholecystectomy perioperative prophylactic use of antimicrobial drug intervention measures effect and feasibility.Methods Set intervention group and the intervention group compared before and after the intervention,the hospital reflect the use of antibacterial agents in the indicators of the analysis.Results After the implementation of the intervention,antimicrobial drug use basic reasonable,antibacterial drug cost decreased obviously.Conclusion This research institute of the implementation of the intervention is feasible and effective,to promote the safe,effective and economic use of antimicrobial agents have positive role.


See related article, pages 53–60

Resistance arteries possess an intrinsic ability to constrict in response to increased intraluminal pressure, the "myogenic response."1 The ability of resistance vessels to modulate their diameter in response to changes in intraluminal pressure is thought to be an important component of blood flow autoregulation, such that constant blood flow and tissue perfusion are maintained in the face of variations in blood pressure.2,3 Specifically, intraluminal pressure results in a graded smooth muscle cell (SMC) depolarization from about −65 mV to about −40 mV,4 likely because of activation of nonselective cation channels.5 This depolarization activates L-type voltage-dependent calcium (Ca2+) channels, leading to elevation of the SMC cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, SMC contraction, and vasoconstriction.6 In the absence of negative feedback mechanisms to oppose myogenic constriction, resistance arteries would likely exhibit unstable membrane potentials and fluctuations in vascular diameter as a result of Ca2+ dependent action potentials.7 However, in vivo, graded and sustained changes in vascular diameter occur, such that blood flow is maintained despite changes in pressure.1 Activation of hyperpolarizing potassium (K+) conductances, which oppose depolarization and vasoconstriction, are critical negative feedback mechanisms responsible for controlling the extent of myogenic constriction.2,3,8–10

Smooth muscle cells express two types of K+ channels which are primarily responsible for opposing myogenic depolarization: (1) the large conductance Ca2+ sensitive K+ (BK) channel, which is activated by both membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+,8,11 and (2) voltage-gated K+ channels (KV channels), which are steeply activated by membrane potential …


While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved excellent performances in various computer vision tasks, they often misclassify with malicious samples, a.k.a. adversarial examples. Adversarial training is a popular and straightforward technique to defend against the threat of adversarial examples. Unfortunately, CNNs must sacrifice the accuracy of standard samples to improve robustness against adversarial examples when adversarial training is used. In this work, we propose Masking and Mixing Adversarial Training (M2AT) to mitigate the trade-off between accuracy and robustness. We focus on creating diverse adversarial examples during training. Specifically, our approach consists of two processes: 1) masking a perturbation with a binary mask and 2) mixing two partially perturbed images. Experimental results on CIFAR-10 dataset demonstrate that our method achieves better robustness against several adversarial attacks than previous methods.


Fatigue tests were conducted since more than two hundred years ago. Despite this long period, as fatigue phenomena are very complex, assessment of fatigue response of standard materials or composites still requires a long time. Quite precise way to estimate fatigue parameters is to test at least 30 standardized specimens for the analysed material and further statistical post processing is required. In case of structural elements analysis like hybrid joints (Figure 1), the situation is much more complex as more factors influence the fatigue load capacity due to much more complicated structure of the joint in comparison to standard materials specimen, i.e. occurrence of: welded hot spots or rivets, adhesive layers, local notches creating the stress concentrations, etc. In order to shorten testing time some rapid methods are known: Locati's method [1] - step by step load increments up to failure, Prot's method [2] - constant increase of the load amplitude up to failure; Lehr's method [2] - seeking for the point during regular fatigue loading when an increase of temperature or strains become non-linear. The present article proposes new method of the fatigue response assessment - combination of the Locati's and Lehr's method.


An intelligent control system of combine load feedback is designed based on ARM9 and μC/OS-¿. The input signals ( rotary speed of threshing cylinder, entrainment losses and cleaning losses) are received by the control system and dealt with by the fuzzy neural network and embedded kernel of ARM9. Then it provides the pulse signals of step motor to drive the hydraulic coupler. Finally, the combine can run rapidly and steadily to achieve the dual-high goal of the quality and efficiency. The experimental results prove that the control system has certain stability and can reach anticipated effects.


In 1999 NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter burned and crashed because no one had thought to check whether force, expressed in pounds, had been converted to force expressed in Newtons (Grossman, 2010). Failure to carry the one, or convert pounds to Newtons, are examples of only one of the risks encountered in attempting to apply mathematics to the management of risk.Assuming they can remember to carry the one, what role might mathematicians have to play in the management of risk? The idea of turning a risk, a possibility of loss or injury, into a "calculated" risk, a quantified probability of loss or injury, is one that has obvious appeal not just to statisticians and mathematicians - but to large numbers of others who would like to know the probability of failure before pursuing some intended course of action."Risk" (almost a billion Google hits) has become a booming business. "Risk management" yields over 80 million hits, and "chief risk officer" (of interest to those looking for employment in this field) returns half a million. Governments are keen on risk management: Turnbull, Basel, Sarbanes-Oxley are names associated with guidance, accords or legislative acts intended to ensure that financial risks are managed effectively. Most big banks now have extraordinarily highly paid chief risk officers (CROs) to ensure compliance with their requirements - in 2011 the CRO at Bank of America was paid $11.4 million (Bloomberg News, 2011). Other large, non-financial, enterprises such as General Motors and Ford, Shell and BP, Delta Airlines, Toyota, also have senior executives bearing the CRO title.The financial meltdown of 2007/2008 gave a huge boost to the risk management industry. It has now declared itself a profession and it is growing at an impressive rate: GARP, the Global Association of Risk Professionals grew more than three-fold from 55,000 members pre-crash in 2006 to more than 175,000 by 2011.Types of RiskThe growing army of risk managers seeks to manage an extraordinary range of different risks. Here is a short starter list: financial risk (credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, value at risk ...), legal risk, reputation risk, medical risk, strategic risk, policy risks, inflation risk, recession risk, terrorism risk, sanctions risk, climate risk, radiation risk, extreme weather risk, road accident risk, etc., etc.The list could go on almost without end. Any threat of nature or any human activity, physical or intellectual, leading to an uncertain outcome can serve as a descriptor of a type of risk.A further, less open-ended, set of categories can be helpful in an attempt to illuminate the challenges facing risk managers seeking to reduce risks to calculable probabilities. Figure 1 presents a risk typology that is germane to most discussions of a wide variety of risks and their management.The Venn diagram in Figure 1 suggests that the typology can be useful to distinguish three different, but not mutually exclusive, types of risk. One need sample only a tiny fraction of the 100s of millions of Google "risk" hits to discover unnecessary and often acrimonious arguments caused by people using the same word to refer to different things and shouting past each other. The typology offered in Figure 1 can help to dispose of some unnecessary arguments and, perhaps, civilize others.Risks in the perceived directly circle are managed using judgement. We do not undertake a formal, probabilistic risk assessment before crossing the road; some combination of instinct, intuition and experience usually sees us safely to the other side. The consequences of failing to carry the one, or convert pounds to Newtons are, like road accidents, usually the result of carelessness: a failure pay attention to directly perceptible hazards.The second, the risk-perceived-through-science circle, dominates the risk management literature. This is the circle within which most of the risk professionals ply their trade. …


An in vivo study to assess Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine was conducted in two villages of the Bagamoyo District, Tanzania in December 1992. The WHO standard field test (7 days) and the extended test (28 days) were carried out on symptom free children. The presence of chloroquine resistance was confirmed with 59% of infections being found resistant. Fifty-three percent were RI, 2% were at RII and 4% at RIII levels of resistance. Dosage was 25 mg/kg chloroquine base delivered over three days.


Sensorless control methods stand out as an alternative for cost reduction and maintenance in AC electric drive systems. This work deals with the application of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to the estimation of the speed and position of the rotor aiming at the implementation of the indirect vector control technique in a speed control system for three phase induction motors. The Kalman filter, despite its mathematical and computational complexity, performs well under variable speed and load conditions as well as convergence times consistent with the usual requirements of high performance systems. The main contributions of this work are the use of a reduced-order EKF (ROEKF) and the co-variance matrix pretuning in order to accelerate the convergence in the velocity and position estimates for future implementations in digital signal processors currently accessible.


Here, Open Access Government speaks to Gwo-shyh Song, Chairman of MMA Global Aqua, and explores the challenges, successes and long term plans for the offshore wind power projects in Taiwan. Can you provide an overview of the current state of the offshore wind industry in Taiwan and its significance in the country's energy transformation? Taiwan had no experience in offshore wind power development in the past. The offshore wind power industry includes wind farm developers, who conduct environmental assessments of wind farms, as well as wind turbine system suppliers, marine engineering companies, cable manufacturers, and wind farm operators. Therefore, the Ministry of Economic Affairs allows 100% foreign ownership to attract foreign investment and gradually increases domestic demand to cultivate local related companies in order to achieve the goal of offshore wind power localization.


Spatial thinking and analysis are essential for informed urban policy making in a global world. Urban planners need to understand how cities are organized and how residential patterns are shaped as a result of population and employment changes. "Mapping Global Cities: GIS Methods in Urban Analysis" illustrates how GIS technology can be applied to urban planning and policy challenges to enhance our efforts in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource for urban studies and planning students, international development professionals, and human settlement experts in the developing world, as well as urban planning practitioners. The book's accompanying CD contains data and printable, step-by-step GIS exercises, including a self-directed project, that enable students and users to make maps and explore themes covered in the chapters. ArcView 9 and the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension are required to complete the exercises.


Limestone ternary cements have attracted significant research and commercial attention recently, for technical and environmental reasons. Standardization of these cements is imminent under BS EN197-5. Presently, detailed understanding of the hydration and microstructure evolution of limestone ternary cements from different alumina-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) exists in the scientific literature; improved reaction kinetics and additional phase assemblages refine the pore structure. However, understanding of the performance of these cements under exposure conditions is less prevalent. In this contribution, we review these data in a way that allows stakeholders to appreciate the capabilities of the different compositions and their performance. We focus our discussion on critically examining the interplay between the cement composition and the microstructure on durability. It is demonstrated that limestone ternary cements offer a pathway for reducing the embodied CO2 of concrete without compromising their performance. The resistance to chloride ingress, sulphate attack and ASR are significantly improved in a manner similar to binary cements. Carbonation and freeze-thaw resistance is generally lower than OPC but adequate air entrainment can offer improvement in freeze-thaw resistance. The challenge to widespread adoption of these cements is evidence of durability under field conditions. To this end, we recommend large-scale field trialling of these cements and understanding of the role of combined exposures on durability and mechanical properties.


A n September 1 839, in the first version of "The Fall of the House of Usher" published ~J in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Edgar Allan Poe wrote that Roderick Usher's excited and highly distempered ideality led him to perform "a certain singular perversion and amplification of the wild air of the last waltz of Von Weber" (1970:145). This sentence is found in subsequent versions as well (1840, 1842, 1845, 1847, 1850). Almost two years later in June or July 1841, in Ursule Mirouet, Honore de Balzac wrote that his exquisitely sensitive heroine Ursule "jouait a son parrain des variations sur la Derniere Pensee de Weber" (1981:120). Serendipity the chance rereading of both texts at about the same time, though for different purposes brought to my attention this Close Encounter of the Musical Kind, and curiosity provoked me into seeking its significance. My investigation took me through historical information about both the music and the literary works and beyond that to the authors' common purpose of making magnetism realistic. As critical editions of both Poe and Balzac inform us, the "last waltz of Von Weber" or "Weber's Last Thought" is not by Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826) at all but by his friend Karl Gottlieb Reissiger (1798-1859). It is the fifth piece of Reissiger's "Danses brillantes pour le pianoforte," op. 26, written in 1822; its title, "Webers letzter Gedanke," explains how both Poe and Balzac referred to it. According to Burton Pollin, in Discoveries in Poe (85), it was published in 1824. A New York publication by Firth & Hall (see illustration p. 23) gives the title "Von Weber's last Waltz," under the presumed authorship of Weber, but with no mention of Reissiger's name and no date; a librarian's notation mentions 183 1.1


Form two-shelled wall having a first shell and with a position spaced from the first shell second shell, wherein the first and the second shell consist essentially of artificial stone and at least in sections a vibration system consisting of a first and a second oscillating body, said shells acoustically to one another are out of tune, characterized in that the first shell has in its surface at least one slot, which forms a vibration behavior of the first shell and affecting disturbance zone extends at least over 1/9 of the thickness of the shell.


In this work, the effect of polymer structures on electrical properties of polypyrrole and a 3derivatized polypyrrole was investigated. Polypyrrole and the 3-derivatized polypyrrole were synthesized and investigated for their electrical conductivity in the atmosphere of nitrogen. A 3derivatized monomer, which was achieved in 49 % yield from N-tosylpyrrole and 3-bromopropionyl chloride and used aluminium trichloride as a catalyst. The 3-derivartized pyrrole was then undergone oxidative polymerization to form the 3- derivatized polypyrrole. The chemical structure of each polymer was characterized by 1 H-NMR and FT-IR techniques. The electrical conductivities of the undoped polypyrrole and the 3- derivatized polypyrrole were 0.0266 and 0.0141 S·cm -1 , respectively. In this work, lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) were used as dopants and the molar ratio of pyrrole unit to each dopant was 1:1. The electrical conductivities of polypyrrole and the 3-derivatized polypyrrole which were doped with LiF were found to have electrical conductivities of 45,600 and 1900 S·cm -1 , respectively. The lithium fluoride doped polymers showed the highest electrical conductivity of all the doped polymers due to its smallest size of F - anion (1.33 A) which could be transported easily through the polymer matrix to stabilize the positive charges occurred on polymer chains.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how the indoor climate in offices, where the air flows have been designed for cooling needs, is affected by varying air flows by season. This was investigated using test operations where air flows in different types of offices were reduced. The studied parameters included measurable factors of the indoor environment as temperatures, carbon dioxide, throw of the air inlets etc., together with the perception of the indoor climate among office workers. Therefore, questionnaires have been used in parallel with the physical measurements.


We propose an alternative program representation that relies on automatic semantic-based embedding of programs into discrete multidimensional spaces. An embedding imposes a well-structured hypercube topology on the search space, endows it with a semantic-aware neighborhood, and enables convenient search using Cartesian coordinates. The embedding algorithm consists in locality-driven optimization and operates in abstraction from a specific fitness function, improving locality of all possible fitness landscapes simultaneously. We experimentally validate the approach on a large sample of symbolic regression tasks and show that it provides better search performance than the original program space. We demonstrate also that semantic embedding of small programs can be exploited in a compositional manner to effectively search the space of compound programs.


The microstructure of GaN layers grown on Si(110) is studied by transmission electron microscopy. The GaN layers were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy using low-temperature AlN interlayers and a high-temperature AlN seed layer. Anisotropic misfit strain originating at the AlN/Si(110) interface is notably reflected in the microstructure of the GaN layers. The stress produced in GaN/Si(110) films is relieved by bending of edge type threading dislocations over the basal plane, generating horizontal segments aligned all along the closely lattice matched direction [11¯00]. It is proposed that the horizontal defects are generated by a driven force with glide- and climb-components manifested on some of the prismatic slip planes of GaN. The general mechanism of the change in the propagation direction of dislocations is discussed.


Perforated duodenal ulcer during pregnancy is rare. We report a case of 20-year-old woman who developed perforated duodenal ulcer in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surgical repair was performed with good outcome.


The authors present an algorithm for the multihour dimensioning of telephone networks operating with residual capacity adaptive routing. The method is based on dimensioning techniques for networks operating with nonhierarchical alternate routing and relies on a conservative approximation for traffic evaluation. It is a decomposition method involving a set of fixed-point equations which are solved iteratively until the Kuhn-Tucker conditions are met. The authors investigate the convergence of the method and find that some of the variables of the model are almost stationary after only a few iterations. This leads to some simplifications that make it suitable for large networks with minor modifications. They also investigate the optimality of adaptive routing by comparing it with the optimal routing coefficients and verify the operation of this routing in a network dimensioned for adaptive technique. A question of interest is how well an adaptive algorithm can adapt to dimensioning errors and how well it compares with the optimal routing in these situations. >


In recent years, many kinds of burial objects have been unearthed during excavation. It is a very important subject that how to treat and protect the burial objects and historical remains for longer time. This paper outlined some successful methods of treating burial objects and historical remains in situ, which may be helpful in the study and the development of archaeology.


The role of water structure around model membrane systems (e.g., liposomes) on phase transition of the lipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was investigated. Water structure was altered by changing pH and by addition of solutes which are known breakers and makers of water structure. The structure makers broadened the zone of transition and changed the overall phase transition profile, while the main effect of structure breakers was to cause a shift in the transition temperature. The observed variation of Chapman transition temperature and broadening of zone of transition with varying pH is discussed in terms of altered water structure around the membrane–aqueous interface. Binding studies with the dye 1-anilino-8-napthalene sulfonate showed that structure makers or breakers did not bind to the liposome surface directly. Thus the structure makers and breakers act on the membranes perhaps by altering the water structure differentially. Possible associated mechanisms of action are discussed.


Summary form only given. A sub-relativistic electron beam shows promise of being a sensitive diagnostic of the electrostatic fields in large amplitude relativistic plasma waves, based on the results of trajectory simulations in which the particles were injected individually into the plasma wave, and in which collective interactions were not considered. Thompson scattering is commonly used to diagnose waves in laser produced plasmas, such as those used in plasma wave acceleration schemes. In this work we are considering the distortion induced in an electron beam as it passes through laser produced plasma waves as a new diagnostic. We extend the previous work by investigating the collective interactions of the beam and plasma using PIC codes and by detailed theoretical analysis of the various instabilities that may disrupt the beam and the plasma.


Purpose: The aim of this work is to investigate what knowledge there is to gather about choices of functions and construction solutions for a cold bath building. Recommended solutions for piling as ...


Rural development is given importance in our successive Five Year Plans, more so in the Sixth Five Year Plan, to reduce the problems of unemployment, underemployment and poverty. The unemployment rate in 1980 was estimated at 8.8% for rural areas. Based on this, employment opportunities were envisaged for about 32 million persons living in rural areas by the end of March 1985. The remedial measures to mitigate unemployment are based on a strategy of two-pronged attack on the problem. On the one hand, steps have been taken to develop rural areas in all respects and on the other. opportunities are being provided to rural youth to take up self-employment ventures.


This paper presents the estimation of receiver code bias of Global Positioning System (GPS) continuously operating reference stations (CORS) over Malaysian region, MyRTKnet stations. In this study, we used the Bernese software and adopted the algorithm from IONOLAB method to estimate the receiver code bias (RCB). It has been found that the RCB from Bernese and IONOLAB show a good correlation with RCB from the International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis centre with R2 values are within 0.3 ns to 0.7 ns and 0.6 ns to 0.9 ns, respectively. The estimation of RCB for MyRTKnet shows that there are no latitudinal dependencies of the RCB values. It has been found that 99% of the receivers have standard deviation below than 1 ns for both methods. It also found that both methods can provide reliable RCBs value as the mean vertical total electron content (VTEC) computed using RCBs from both methods shows a similar trend and fluctuation from IGS global ionospheric maps (GIM). Hence, it is suggested that further studies can be carried out using both methods to study the variations of RCB for a longer period to improve total electron content (TEC) estimation.


PURPOSE: A display device and a bus platform including the same are provided to reduce the maintenance cost. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of panels(11, 13, 15) is made of the transparent material, and has a pattern formed on the front. A cover member(30) aligns panels with a constant interval. A light projecting unit is interposed between the cover member and the panels in order to irradiate the light from one side of the panels to the other side.


A child psychiatry unit which is planned as a whole, by experienced representatives of the disciplines to be involved, is likely to function much better that one planned as a series of sub-units. The needs of the children must be paramount and for this reason their work and living areas should be in close proximity. This also promotes contact between all the staff and h Ips secure management of the children. Administrative and consulting rooms should be away from this area, as disturbed children are no respectors of the need for privacy and quiet. The work and living area could be differentiated into age group areas, with all the rooms for the youngest children together, divided by communal rooms, such as the dining room, from the rooms for the older children. There is no need for all the staff from one discipline to work in close proximity as an office for each discipline provides a meeting point for its staff. A communal staff room is essential as a great deal of vital information can be immediately communicated during tea and coffee breaks; and the informality helps to promote inter-staff relationships.


In this paper I desire to present a record of the experience of the Glasgow Maternity Hospital in the matter of induction of premature labour for contracted pelvis during the three hospital years that have been completed since I was appointed physician. The practice of induction of premature labour is adopted when the pelvis is too small to let a living child at term through at all (say a pelvis with a true conjugate under 3 inches), or which will let it through only with difficulty and


To overcome the d ifficulties in electronic data exchanges in civil engineering industry due to complicated relationships and frequent communications among enterprise partners, a partner information exchange protocol ( PIEP ) model was established. E fforts were made to combine the advantages of aceXML and RosettaNet protocols and to meet the requirements of civil engineering industry. PIEP uses Internet for efficient and accurate information exchanges among partner enterprises and realizes.


Riccati inequality may have a solution even if nonstrict frequency domain inequality is broken, In this paper the necessary and sufficient conditions of solvability of Riccati inequalities are derived. These conditions are expressed in terms of signatures of root subspaces of associated Hamiltonian matrix corresponding to pure imaginary eigenvalues.


[Objective] To investigate the value of electronic bronchoscope in the etiologic diagnosis and therapy of atelectasis. [Methods] We collected the data of 204 patients with atelectasis about radiography examinations, electronic bronchoscope and pathological examinations, and made respective study. [Results] 95.6% patients with atelectasis were diagnosed by electronic bronchoscope, in which lung cancer, inflammation, tuberculosis and other causes was 39%, 37%, 14%, 10% respectively. In the patients older than 40 years, 69 patients (50%) were diagnosed as lung cancer. In multi-upper lobes and more than two lobes etalectasis, there were 32 (55%), 15 (44%) lung cancer patients respectively. In right-middle lobe and whole left lobes atelectasis, 35 (56%) patients were caused by inflammation, 10 (52%) patients by tuberculosis. Electronic bronchoscope showed that neoplasm present in 50 patients (24%), in which there were squamous cell carcinoma (42, 84%). Blood clot, sputum embolism and purulence secretion (34, 17%), normal lumens (25, 12%), lumens stenosis(25, 12%) and invasion change caused by lung cancer (22, 10%)were found. Small cell lung cancer was 36% in the invasion change. 22 patients (10%) with atelectasis were caused by scar, in which tuberculosis accounted for 68%.There were 11 patients (5%) with mucosa swelling, 10 patients (5%) with covered by yellow or white necrosis and little nodules respectively. 45 patients were treated by electronic bronchoscope. [Conclusions] For the elder patients with two and multi-upper lobes atelectasis, lung cancer should be highly taken into account. Inflammation is the main cause of right-middle lobe atelectasis, while in the whole left lung atelectasis, tuberculosis should be firstly considered. The electronic bronchoscope is a critical technology for the diagnosis and therapy of atelectasis.


The experiment of natural aging durability of T700/5288 carbon fiber reinforced plastic in the Wanning(Hainan Province) under the South China Sea environmental condition was carried out.The specimens were placed in natural environment for three years.Microscopic morphology,mechanical properties and thermal properties were researched.The result showed that the presence of thermo-oxidative aging and photo-oxidative aging caused the composite surface epoxy chemical degradation,surface fibers exposed,the specimen longitudinal compressive strength decreased by 19%,transverse compressive strength decreased by 14%.The other mechanical properties remained basically unchanged.The glass transition temperature was reduced by 27℃.


In recent years, the concept of nanoparticles being used as an intelligent drug carrier has gained great attention. In this paper, the formulation of a liposome delivery system loaded with a novel benzothiazole-containing cisplatin derivative (CJM-Pt) was carried out. The particle size distributions were determined using dynamic light scattering, and the prepared liposomes showed a suitable size of around 98 nm. Stability studies showed that the CJM-Pt loaded liposomes were stable at 4 °C for more than four weeks. Investigation of triggered release indicated that the release performance of the prepared liposomes was controllable and the releasing effect was remarkable under low pH ( 42 °C). To test the suitability of the chosen formulation, CJM-Pt loaded liposomes were investigated against several tumor cell lines: MGC-803, SGC-7901, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest was examined. The CJM-Pt loaded liposomes have the potential to be applied in drug delivery systems (DDS) for breast cancer therapy.


This study explores a rater training program through action research methodology. A new rater training program has been tried at...


To improve the localization precision based on RSSI ranging in wireless sensor networks, a localization method based on the ranging-error compensation is presented. By analyzing the tendency of RSSI ranging error with different distance, we propose the mathematical model and the experiment results about ranging-error compensation. It is proved that the method based on ranging-error compensation effectively improves the node ranging precision in wireless sensor networks and the localization precision.


We assess whether during the recent (2008–2009) financial crisis in Russia firms with better corporate governance have experienced a milder decline in stock prices and market value as well as lower stock price volatility. Using a structural break analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Instrumental Variable (IV) techniques, we find that firms that had better corporate governance prior to the crisis suffered a smaller decline in both stock prices and market value. We report no evidence of statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and volatility of stock prices.


Bleakley, A., Allard, J., & Hobbs, A. (2012). Towards culture change in the operating theatre: Embedding a complex educational intervention to improve teamwork climate. Medical Teacher, 34(9), e635 – e640. doi: 10.3109/ 0142159X.2012.687484. Bleakley and colleagues studied whether a complex education intervention implemented across an entire UK trust hospital's surgical provision could be sustained and result in an incremental, longitudinal improvement in attitudes and values toward teamwork. The intervention's larger aim was to progress the historical default position of multi-professional work to authentic interprofessional teamwork, as a positive values climate translates in time into behavioral change defining a safety culture. Attitudes were measured at three points across all surgical team personnel over a period of 4 years, using the validated Safety Attitudes Questionnaire with a focus on the "teamwork climate" domain. Preand post-intervention "teamwork climate" scores were compared to give a longitudinal measure as a test of sustainability. The results showed that mean "teamwork climate" scores improved incrementally and significantly following the series of educational interventions, showing that practitioners' valuing of teamwork activity can be improved and sustained. The authors conclude that longitudinal positive change in attitudes and values toward teamwork can be sustained, suggesting that a deliberate, designed complex intervention can shape a safety climate as a necessary prerequisite for the establishment of a sustainable safety culture.


A methodology is described for the development of field-based, geometry-dependent circuit models which enable coupled field/circuit simulation of circuits containing magnetic components with hysteresis. Saber templates are developed for the field equivalent subcircuits representing the dynamic electromagnetic fields in the magnetic (ferrite), conductive (copper), and insulating elements, as well as for an interface network. Hysteresis models are included in the finite-element formulation of the ferrite model. Transient electromagnetic and circuit phenomena within and outside the magnetic components can be simulated simultaneously for a wide range of circuit topologies and excitation waveforms, using existing circuit simulators.


When aromatic compounds such as aminophenols1 and nitrobenzenes2 are absorbed they cause oxidation of the intracellular haemoglobin of circulating erythrocytes and sometimes induce severe meth aemoglobinaemia. We have also found that half oxidised haemoglobins are greatly increased in the erythrocytes of patients with hereditary meth aemoglobinaemia owing to a deficiency of NADH methaemoglobin reduc?ase.3 This prompted us to analyse the oxidised haemoglobins in circulating erythrocytes of workers in chemical plants. We found that half oxidised haemoglobins such as (a2+/?3+)2 and (oL3+?2+)2 were significantly increased in the erythro cytes of workers of some chemical factories of the Kansai area of Japan (A Tomoda et al, unpublished data). When analysing the haemoglobin patterns of workers from these factories by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel plates, we found that two unusual haemoglobins, which migrate to anodic positions on electrophoresis, were sig nificantly increased in the erythrocytes of all the workers studied in a chemical plant producing 4-chlor aminophenol. One of these haemoglobins moved to an anodic position consistent with that of haemoglobin X,4 and another moved to the position between haemoglobins X and A. The present report deals with cases with a pronounced increase in the concentrations of haemoglobins X and Y, half oxidised haemoglobins, and methaemoglobin in the eryth rocytes of workers in a chemical plant. Materials and methods


The effects of Co substitution for Fe on the spin reorientation temperature, magnetic properties over a wide temperature range, the thermal stability and on exchange enhancement in nanocrystalline (Nd/Pr)z(Fe1−xCox)94−zB6 alloys have been comprehensively studied. Such Co substitution substantially increased the Curie temperature (TC) of the 2/14/1 phase and slightly decreased the spin reorientation temperature (TSR) for these alloys. Despite the smaller anisotropy field for the Nd2Co14B phase, in comparison with Nd2Fe14B, a small Co substitution did not greatly decrease the room temperature (RT) coercivity jHC, regardless of the rare earth to transition metal ratio. The remanence Jr at RT was generally slightly improved by Co substitutions up to ∼20%, though less so for the 8 at% rare earth (RE) series having a high volume fraction of soft magnetic phase. Similarly, substitution of up to 20% Co slightly enhanced the maximum energy product (BH)max at RT, except for the 8 at% RE alloys which showed a marked decline beyond 10 at% Co due to the strongly diminished jHC. In the case of the sub-ambient magnetic properties, Co substitution markedly decreased Jr and (BH)max, though the effect on jHC was much smaller. In contrast, Co additions, because of the enhancement of Tc, substantially improved the elevated temperature behaviour of all experimental alloys, by decreasing the values of the temperature coefficients for Jr and iHc, α and β, respectively, particularly for α. Moreover, the Co also reduced the irreversible losses in Jr and jHC measured on ribbon samples. Analysis of microstructural parameters governing the coercivity, using the modified Brown equation, suggested that Co substitution not only reduced the stray fields, by homogenizing the grain structure and smoothing the grain boundaries, but also improved the exchange coupling between grains.


The organic agriculture approaches for the betterment of food security at a global position. It is a disputed subject for discussion. Although, there are several types of research on the different factors in different aspects of organic farming. Most of the given data come from the deep suffering crisis in Sri Lanka. How organic farming implemented in Sri Lanka and how it performed till now in the context of farmers having small holdings remains poorly understood. Additionally, we found that somehow organic agriculture is responsible for the crisis in Sri Lanka. The major challenges for the rapid collapse of Sri Lanka were limited capacity, lack of suitable inputs and market access. Organic farming gives the impression of being one of the center stages of the crises. Some commentators have blamed Sri Lanka's decision to go organic as the root cause of this crisis. Additionally, the event was used to smear the regenerative agriculture movement.


Discusses design techniques for datapaths for video applications. Currently, PHIDEO, a silicon compiler for high speed algorithms, is being developed at the Philips Research Laboratories as part of SPRITE. Datapath compilation is one of the subtasks of this compiler. It will be shown that by including optimization tools like retiming, logic synthesis, and placement & routing the generators are less parametrized. Thereby the datapath compiler becomes more flexible.<<ETX>>


Numerous maps have been created using the vast material about soils and the soil cover of the Republic of Karelia gathered over more than 60 years of studies. Basic soil maps of various scales have been made both for the entire region and for its parts, thematic schematic maps of the physicochemical properties of soils and the content of macroand microelements in them were drawn. For this cartographic information to be used for scientific and practical purposes as efficiently as possible, it should be systematized and presented through an integrated interface. The most promising approach is to use modern technology and create the geographical information system (GIS) "Soils of the Republic of Karelia". The basis for this GIS are the archival maps converted into vector format: The Soil Map of Karelia (1 : 500 000 scale, 1955) and sheets of the State Soil Map for the territory of Karelia (1 : 1 000 000 scale, 1962). This paper discusses the concept and outlines the stages of constructing the GIS "Soils of the Republic of Karelia". Its structure has been worked out and includes the sections "Maps of natural conditions", "General soil maps", "Thematic soil maps", "Materials of soil studies". Thus, the GIS to be created will include vector and raster materials and primary tabular data. Owing to the suggested principles, the work to fill the GIS with both archival materials on soil heritage and recent research data can be organized. This GIS is designed to support both purely scientific and applied tasks, providing the basis for environmental monitoring, and can be used by various authorities and educational institutions.


Background: The comorbid cardiac diseases are a cause of increased risk for perioperative complications and increased perioperative mortality, especially in elderly patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of comorbid cardiac diseases and relevant complications of noncardiac surgery in the elderly patients at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.

Materials and method: In a prospective descriptive study, 400 patients (≥ 60 years old) have been operated from 8/2018 to 2/2019 at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.

Results: Hypertention (63.0%), valvular diseases (6.3%), arrythmias (4.3%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (3.3%), cardiomyopathy disease (3.8%), patients with coronary stent (1.3%), patients with permanent pacemaker (1.0%). Induction: Hypotension (70.5%). Emergence: hypertension (54.8%), tarchycardia (40.5%), acute pulmonary edema (0.5%). Hypotension in neuraxial anesthesia (26.5%).

Conclusion: The older patients often have the comorbid cardiac diseases. The most common is hypertension. Hypotension is the most common complication in induction, and hypertension and tarchycardia is the common complications in emergence.

Key words: comorbid cardiac diseases, elderly, surgery


Topic Areas or Theme ID: discourse analysis, discourse segmentation, discourse plans Word Count: 3196 words (excluding gures) Under consideration for other conferences (specify)? No. Abstract We propose a promising research problem, the machine veriication of textbook proofs. It shows that textbook proofs are a suuciently complex and highly struc-tured form of discourse, embedded in a well-deened and well-understood domain, thus ooering an ideal domain for discourse analysis. Because recognizing the structure of a proof is a prerequisite for verifying the correctness of a given mathematical argument, we deene a four component model of discourse segmentation.


In this article, we pretend to approach the symbolic mediaeval language and the Christian iconography through Huon Le Roi's religious work, a French author of the thirteenth century.


Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.
Br. emend. Stuntz] like other rainy-season
crops generally encounters moisture stress
during its growing period, resulting in low
yield. Collection of rain water in simple land
lay-outs (Kaushik and Gautam 1991), use of
various mulches and transpiration suppressants
(Pandeyet et. 1988; Lal et al. 1992) and
reduction of final plant stand in the wake of
mid-season drought (Venkateswarlu 1983) increase
the productivity and water-use efficiency
of dryland crops. Hence an experiment
was conducted to assess the perfonnance
of various in-situ water-harvesting and moisture
conservation practices and plant population
on productivity and water-use efficiency
of pearl millet.


To discriminate themselves from foreign airlines, airlines in Korea aim their marketing strategies at improving their fixed images and building up new and positive images by developing unique service products and facilities. While airlines in Korea have recently been suffering from poor management e...


The presentation illustrates a method of developing a heat exchanger control trainer with Internet of things (IoT) system for smart manufacturing. Conventional process control trainers had limited improvement capability after purchasing due to fixed software framework. The current control trainers usually only involved PID control in their control systems and did not include IoT system. The objective of the project is to develop an IoT based heat exchanger control trainer and apply the framework into industrial application. IoT technology is the current trend of development in the trend of industry 4.0 to improve the efficiency of manufacturing. The construction of the control trainer involved software and hardware component. The software includes the programming of user interface and the incorporation of control system of PID and fuzzy logic controller. The hardware component consisted of the connection of sensors, pump, Arduino boards, and Wi-Fi modules. The result shows that the system could work in both Offline and Online Mode with IoT in the premises of Wi-Fi coverage. The developed system had the benefits to allow user to study PID control system with tuning method and observation of physical change in temperature and flow. The project could benefit the people who wish to carry our similar projects using it as the reference framework. The control trainer had the potential to incorporate more advanced control systems and apply into industrial application. The control trainer had limitations in signal strength and the hardware performance. The IoT based control trainer had been successfully developed and IoT system should be established in more industries to stay competitive in a changing world.


from this material that a 'Sicilian' identity evolved from the fifth century onwards (for which the Greek Sikelos and Sikeliotes are deployed increasingly indiscriminately over time, in contrast to the fifth-century literary distinction between 'native Sikel' and 'Greek settler'). Furthermore, the Roman decision to treat the island separately, as a provincia, was both influenced by the existence of such an identity and itself an encouragement to the further development of that identity. Such a hypothesis does not imply that most Sicilians thought of themselves as 'Sicilian' most of the time. Evidence for local civic identities is extremely strong, as in much of the rest of the 'Greek' Mediterranean of the period; the difference is the clear existence at several moments of a regional identity (of political significance), but also of wider evidence for a degree of ongoing consciousness of that regional identity. From the Roman perspective, Cicero's Verrines are simply the clearest demonstration of such a perception. If the coincidence of regional identity, geographical entity, provincial boundaries and, for example, personifications evidenced by the island of Sicily is unusual, even unique in the Roman world, this does not lessen the significance of the fact. The unusualness of Roman treatment of the island in the third century BC, indicative of slowly developing imperial and provincial practices, has been highlighted before (by Crawford, Pinzone and others). I am currently studying one particular aspect of this (the apparent construction of a via Aurelia, c. 252 BC, between Agrigento and Palermo), and some of this research was also undertaken during my time at the School. Sicily's uniqueness in this regard plausibly explains its transformation into the first provincia. Conversely, the publication, currency and survival of Cicero's Verrines must have served to strengthen the externally ascribed identity for the island. From this perspective, the Verrines become not merely a description and a symbol of Roman imperialism, but an important element in the maintenance of imperial hegemony in their own right. I intend to develop this last avenue of study in future work on the reception, ancient and modern, of the Verrines.


Feature selection on multi-label documents for automatic text categorization is an under-explored research area. This paper presents a systematic document transformation framework, whereby the multi-label documents are transformed into single-label documents before applying standard feature selection algorithms, to solve the multi-label feature selection problem. Under this framework, we undertake a comparative study on four intuitive document transformation approaches and propose a novel approach called entropy-based label assignment (ELA), which assigns the labels weights to a multi-label document based on label entropy. Three standard feature selection algorithms are utilized for evaluating the document transformation approaches in order to verify its impact on multi-class text categorization problems. Using a SVM classifier and two multi-label evaluation benchmark text collections, we show that the choice of document transformation approaches can significantly influence the performance of multi-class categorization and that our proposed document transformation approach ELA can achieve better performance than all other approaches.


Environment project-based learning integrated audio-visual media is a learning method that involves students in projects related to the surrounding environment.The purpose of this study is to determine the effect ofenvironment project-based learning integrated audio-visual media on student discipline. This study uses a quantitative method with the type of experimental research using design preexperimental design, that isthe one group pretest posttest design. The population of this research was class VIIIA students of SMPIT Insan Kamil, which consisted of 20 students. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. The data collection method was carried out using a non-test in the form of a questionnaire sheet. Hypothesis testing was carried out using a nonparametric test using the Wilcoxon formula. The results showed that there was an influence from the Environment project-based learning model that was integrated with audio-visual media on student discipline which could be seen from the posttest score which was higher than the pretest score for discipline. AbstrakEnvironment project-based learning terintegrasi media audio visual merupakan metode pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa dalam proyek yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan sekitar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari environment project-based learning terintegrasi media audio visual terhadap kedisiplinan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan tipe penelitian eksperimen menggunakan desain preexperimental design, yaitu the one group pretest posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIA SMPIT Insan Kamil yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan nontes berupa lembar angket. Uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan uji nonparametrik dengan menggunakan formula Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari model Environment project-based learning yang terintegrasi dengan media audio visual terhadap kedisiplinan siswa yang dapat dilihat dari nilai posttest yang lebih tinggi daripada nilai pretest sikap disiplin.


Total measurement uncertainty (TMU) is a commonly used key performance indicator (KPI) for tool-induced error in metrology systems. Several definitions of TMU are being used today for overlay metrology (OVL), with the leading definition being the root-sum-square (RSS) of three other KPIs: the wafer mean Tool Induces Shift (TIS𝜇), the wafer variability of TIS (TIS3σ), and the OVL measurement reproducibility (OVL precision). A multitude of TIS management methods has been developed and implemented over the years for calibrating out the raw TIS from OVL. With these TIS management methods in place, the use of the raw TISμ and TIS3σ in TMU no longer serves as a good characterization of the total tool-induced error. In this paper, we describe a procedure for evaluating the actual, post-TIS management, OVL Metrology TMU through the introduction of two new wafer level indicators: the effective wafer means TIS (eTISμ), and the effective wafer TIS variability (eTIS3σ).


A process liquid spraying device and method, and substrate processing equipment including the device are provided to prevent deterioration of a substrate processing efficiency by exhausting air from a housing through a nozzle when the nozzle discharges a process liquid. A process liquid spraying device includes a nozzle(110) for spraying a process liquid onto a substrate, and a supply member(120) for supplying the process liquid to the nozzle. The supply member has a housing inclined at a predetermined angle and supplied with a process liquid through a process liquid supply line(26) connected to an one end thereof, plural distribution lines(124) for distributing the process liquid from the nozzle, and a vent line(126) connected to the other end of the housing for exhausting air from an interior of the housing.


Analysis of 0-to-f self-referencing techniques for carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilisation suggests that absolute CEP measurement might be possible. We describe the procedure needed to achieve this, and explain the constraints that must be satisfied.