The lower Frontier Formation, Moxa arch, Wyoming, consists of sandstones and mudstones deposited in a wave-dominated delta and strand-plain system which prograded into the western margin of the interior Cretaceous seaway. Depositional environments in this system were offshore marine, marine sand ridges, marine shoreline, distributary channel, fluvial, and flood basin. Sediment from the Sevier orogene was sorted into different compositional and textural assemblages in depositional environments with different energies. Because of original differences in physical and compositional characteristics, diagenesis proceeded along different paths in different facies. The most important facets of original detrital composition affecting diagenesis are original clay content and the mo ocrystalline quartz/chert ratio. Diagenesis was also very sensitive to fluid flux. Sedimentary textures and sand-body geometries were important controls of fluid flow during dewatering. In the southern part of the study area, erosion eliminated the shoreline interval leaving only thin fluvial sandstones overlying offshore marine rocks. To the north, the shoreline facies was not eroded and the sandstone interval is thicker. On the assumption that sandstones received the discharge from equal volumes of shale, the thinner fluvial sandstones to the south experienced a far greater throughput per unit volume of sand and a higher rate of flow than did the thicker combined fluvial and shoreline sequence to the north. As a result, the southern sandstones are extremely porous and permeable and show signs of extensive leaching, whereas in the north there is more evidence of in-situ reactions resulting in the development of abundant authigenic and neomorphosed clays. Here, porosity and permeability are poorer. End_of_Article - Last_Page 635------------


The summed cross-sectional area of the right main and left main bronchi was found to be directly related (r = +0.54) to body length in 64 necropsies, and the best relation was to the square of the ...


Abstract The genus Wiedemannia Zetterstedt is recorded from China for the first time. One species is described from South Tibet: Wiedemannia tibetensis sp. nov. This new species can be separated from the related species Wiedemannia glaucescens (Brunetti) by presence of the pterostigma, discal cell apically with a short appendage, surstylus nearly strip-like and hidden below dorsal portion of epandrium, and distiphallus not swollen without spines at middle. A key to the species of the genus Wiedemannia from the Oriental Region is presented.


With the large increase in DC load penetration rate of renewable energy and electric vehicles, the traditional AC distribution network has been unable to meet the requirements of load transfer and reliability, and the research on AC/DC distribution network has developed rapidly. This paper proposes a new coordinated control method for AC/DC distribution network, which aims to solve the coordination problem in various states of AC/DC distribution network. Based on the analysis of AC/DC distribution network characteristics, based on the characteristics of four-port energy router, an AC/DC distribution network model based on four-port energy router is established. Taking full advantage of the convenient operation and high reliability of the four-port energy router, the coordinated control method of the AC/DC distribution network in the normal working mode, operation mode switching and key equipment operation is proposed respectively, which can realize flexible access to the distribution network of renewable energy and DC load, comprehensively improve regional stability, and has high application value.


With social advance there are new requirements and standards to medicine and higher medical education.Humanism education has become an increasingly important component of higher medical education.Based on the analysis of importance of humanism education in medical education,this paper summarizes the exploration of reform and construction of humanism curriculum in our university,and thereby puts forward some thoughts of strengthening and improving the building of medical education humanism courses.


Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system is common amongst young adults, leading to major personal and socioeconomic burdens. However, it is still considered complex and challenging to understand and treat, in spite of the efforts made to explain its etiopathology. Despite the discovery of many genetic and environmental factors that might be related to its etiology, no clear answer was found about the causes of the illness and neither about the detailed mechanism of these environmental triggers that make individuals susceptible to MS. In this review, we will attempt to explore the major contributors to MS autoimmunity including genetic, epigenetic and ecological factors with a particular focus on toxins, chemicals or drugs that may trigger, modify or prevent MS disease.


Kalman filtering has been widely considered for dynamic state estimation in smart grids. Despite its unique merits, the Kalman Filter (KF)-based dynamic state estimation can be undesirably influenced by cyber adversarial attacks that can potentially be launched against the communication links in the Cyber-Physical System (CPS). To enhance the security of KF-based state estimation, in this paper, the basic KF-based method is enhanced by incorporating the dynamics of the attack vector into the system state-space model using an observer-based preprocessing stage. The proposed technique not only immunizes the state estimation against cyber-attacks but also effectively handles the issues relevant to the modeling uncertainties and measurement noises/errors. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by detailed mathematical analysis and testing it on two well-known IEEE cyber-physical test systems.


PROGRAM The Forum will address a broad range of key technical challenges facing designers of today's VLSI memory systems. The Forum starts an the overview on the microprocessor memory architectures. It will explore the challenges, implications, and options available to remove the traditional memory bottlenecks such as memory latency, memory bandwidth, and off-package bandwidth in the Moore's-Iaw-driven multi- and many-core systems. Next, the system-level memo ry architecture is addressed. The widespread use of NAND Flash memories in SSDs and caches has opened new avenues of innovation for the enterprise and client computing segments. System-wide architectural changes are required to make full use of the advantages of SSDs in terms of performance, reliability and power. Circuit-design and reliability challenges of NAND-Flash-memory-based SSDs will also be discussed. In emerging multimedia applications, a high er bandwidth and therefore a faster-random-access memory is required. NAND flash memory is also playing a more important role because the write-per formance improvement of the memory improves user experience of high-speed wireless downloads. This Forum will also discuss the fusion memory where innovative memory designs provide flexibility to hand-set manufacturers allowing them to better balance cost and performance of many types of multimedia handset designs. Inaddition, in the Forum, three key emerging nonvolatile memories (PCRAM, FeRAM and MRAM) and their memory systems will be exam ined. Nonvolatile random-access memory is becoming a viable alternative to commonly used volatile and nonvolatile memories in the marketplace. Being bit alterable like DRAM and nonvolatile like a flash memory together with a CMOS-process compatibility, the nonvolatile random access memory has a potential to revolutionize many aspects of the computing platform architectures. Further, the Forum will discuss leading edge emerging memories and their applica tions to the computing and storage architectures. The Forum willalso provide an excellent opportunity forthe attendees to interactively engage with the speak ers on any key technical issues they may face in their product development.


As the characteristics of principal-agent relation,AB's last influence is uncertain.Such factors as symmetry of AB,the degree of "self control" of owners,the development stage of the business will influence the final effect,the future research should focus on AB's influence on principal-agent relation in certain condition.


In Brazil, the concrete structure is widely used in civil construction. In this field, there is a common need to reinforce the structural elements, either by increasing the load, for calculation errors, flaws in the execution or modifications of use conditions. This experimental work aims to compare two reinforcement techniques with carbon fiber blanket on reinforced concrete beams submitted to shear stress. The tests will compare the results of reinforced concrete samples without any reinforcement, with shear reinforcement using carbon fiber blanket with techniques and materials popularly spread on the market. In this case using the structural adhesive S&P 220, and with shear reinforcement using carbon fiber blanket glued with structural adhesive NVT 201E.


The objectives of the research are to know and analyze: 1) the contribution of instructional leadership, motivation, and school's facilities on teachers' discipline; 2) the contribution of instructional leadership, motivation, school's facilities, and teachers' discipline on teachers' performance; and 3) the contribution of teachers' discipline on teachers' performance of Elementary School Teachers of Laweyan Sub District of Surakarta.
The type of the research is a survay research with correlational design. The population of the research were Elementary School teachers of Laweyan Sub District of Surakarta consist of 384 teachers. The sample of the research were 192 teachers selected using random sampling technique. The data collection method was done using questionnaire. The technique of data analysis was done using path analysis of two paths.
Based on the analysis, the research concludes that: 1) instructional leadership, motivation, and school's facilities have a significant contribution on teachers' dicipline both simultaneously and partially. It is indicated by the F statistic and t statistic results yielded; 2) instructional leadership, motivation, school's facilities, and teachers' dicipline have a significant contribution on teachers' performance both simultaneously and partially. It is indicated by the F statistic and t statistic results yielded; and 3) teachers' dicipline has significant contribution on teachers' performance of elementary school teachers at Laweyan Sub District of Surakarta. It is demonstrated with the correlation coefficient yielded of 0.802 that significant at 0.000.


In this paper, we settle the randomized $k$-sever conjecture for the following metric spaces: line, circle, Hierarchically well-separated tree (HST). Specially, we show that there are $O(\log k)$-competitive randomized $k$-sever algorithms for above metric spaces. For any general metric space with $n$ points, we show that there is an $O( \log k \log n)$-competitive randomized $k$-sever algorithm.


In many practical situations, we encounter heavy-tailed distributions for which the variance – and even sometimes the mean – are infinite. We propose a fractal-based approach that enables us to gauge the mean and variance of such distributions. 1 Formulation of the Problem There are many practical situations in which the probability distribution is drastically different from normal. In many such situations, the variance is infinite; such distributions are called heavy-tailed. These distributions surfaced in the 1960s, when Benoit Mandelbrot, the author of fractal theory, empirically studied the fluctuations and showed [11] that large-scale fluctuations follow the Pareto power-law distribution, with the probability density function ρ(x) = A ·x−α for x ≥ x0, for some constants α ≈ 2.7 and x0. For this distribution, variance is infinite. The above empirical result, together with similar empirical discovery of heavy-tailed laws in other application areas, has led to the formulation of fractal theory; see, e.g., [12, 13]. Since then, similar heavy-tailed distributions have been empirically found in other financial situations [2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23], and in many other application areas [1, 8, 12, 15, 19]. For heavy-tailed distributions, variance is infinite, so we cannot use variance to describe the deviation from the "average". Thus, we need to come up with other characteristics for describing this deviation. This situation is typical in financial and economic applications, where this deviation is known as volatility. At first, economists followed a natural idea to use standard deviation as a quantitative measure of volatility. However, since the empirical distribution is heavy-tailed, its standard deviation is infinite, so


Due to the demands of the public, recent legislation has been enacted to curb noise emanations from a multitude of sources. This has caused concern in industry in two ways. "First, the various noise levels under which a product is manufactured must be maintained within the law to prevent hearing damage risk to production workers. Second, the noise level generated by the operation of a particular product must be within designated standards. In the latter case, the annoyance of the sound level output is generally more important than the hearing damage risk for consumer products because of their reduced emissions.


This paper propose a new intrusion detection system architecture, which can be used by cloud intrusion detection. Our new architecture uses the inaccurate hashing to obtain a fast packet inspection and applies a new stateful rule DFA to track session inspection process. After a preliminary analysis, the new architecture should be feasible in the real application.


We have proposed a new framework of narrative generation which generates narratives through the mutual transformation according to various pathways between narrative (conceptual representation) and music. This paper will continuously incorporate this framework into the integrated narrative generation system which is a comprehensive architecture for our narrative generation study and develop an experimental system combined with the integrated system. This new framework aims to apply various musical methods for composition and variation to narrative generation as a way to connect different types of media. An experiment of the mutual generation between music and narrative will show various transformation pathways or routes between music and narrative.


Based on the classic motivation theories of the west,this paper criticizes the unsatisfactory motivation working in Chinese institutions such as poor use of material or non-material motivation,equalitarianism that awards the sterile,bureaucratic style and superficial performance assessment.It suggests that effective motivational mechanism be realized through a proper combination of material and non-material impetus and through revealing annual reviews.


Rising incomes coupled with an increasing demand for personal mobility and lack of efficient public transport systems are leading to increased dependence on motorization in developing cities and generating local and global environmental problems. Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is viewed as an effective way to deal with increasing motorization and resulting CO2 emissions. This paper concentrates on evaluating the impacts of MRTS system on energy demand and associated CO2 emissions from passenger transport sector in Delhi using a systems dynamic approach. Three different scenario constructs are used to estimate the current trends and future budgets of energy demand and CO2 emissions. These are "No MRTS scenario", "BAU" and "Policy control scenario". Results indicate that passenger mobility in Delhi is expected to increase at a rate of 8.7% per annum amounting to 534 billion passenger kilometer (p-km). In the BAU scenario the p-km shares of MRTS is 10.26%, which increases to 11.44% under the "Policy control scenario". This corresponds to a reduction of CO2 emissions from 13.6 million tonnes "No MRTS scenario" by 2020, to 11.11 Million tonnes under the "Policy control" scenario. Subject headings: MRTS, energy demand, CO2 emissions, Delhi


Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are one of the most energetic galactic sources with bright emissions from radio waves to very high-energy gamma-rays. We perform wideband X-ray spectroscopy of four energetic PWNe, N 157 B, PSR J1813−1749, PSR J1400−6325, and G21.5−0.9, with the Suzaku, Chandra, NuSTAR, and Hitomi observatories. A significant spectral break or cut-off feature is found in the hard X-ray band for all the samples, except for N 157 B. The break energies in the broken power-law fitting are in the range of 4–14 keV, whereas the cut-off energies in the cut-off power-law fitting are at 22 keV or higher. The break or cut-off energy does not show a significant correlation with either the spin-down energy or characteristic age of the hosting pulsars. A possible correlation is found between the photon index change in the broken power-law fitting and the X-ray emitting efficiency of the pulsars, although its significance is not high enough to be conclusive. We discuss what determines the break parameters based on simple models.


The properties of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐4,4′‐stilbenequinone (StQ) were studied by photochemical means. Acetone, acetophenone or benzophenone was photolyzed in the presence of both StQ and a donor, such as alcohols or triethylamine. This initiated reaction of a ketyl radical with StQ to form a semiquinone radical and eventually induce a permanent bleaching due to conversion of StQ to 4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene (StQH2). The quantum yield of conversion of StQ to StQH2 increases with the donor concentration. Similar effects were found for the ketone‐sensitized radical‐induced conversions of the analogous diphenoquinone to the reduction product, diphenol.


Geniposide, an iridoid glucoside, has been isolated from the butarnol fraction of Gardenia-jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae). The component was found to be transformed into the blue pigments by some aerobic bacteria, suggesting that geniposide is the precursor for the formation of pigments after converting into genipin, an aglycon of geniposide, by β-glucosidase. Some bacteria having a β-glucosidase activity did not form the pigments, which may mean that the formation of pigments can only be ocurred by the reaction of any enzyme or compound in the pigment-producing bacteria.


In 2011, a team from Ohlone College in Newark, California offered advanced technology training that promised to bring scanning electron microscopy learning opportunities to the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. Among those to attend this meeting were members of the Enochs High School Forensic Biotechnology Program. This was significant in that these teachers worked in an area called California's Great Central Valley. This challenging region was named by The Economist the "Appalachia of the West" [1]. Forbes Magazine using business metrics found four of the top 20 of "America's most miserable cities" in this region [2]. Law enforcement reports put the area on Forbes list of "Most Dangerous Cities" in 2015and the Drug Enforcement Administration placed the county in which Enochs High School resides near the top of the state in illicit methamphetamine labs per square mile [3].


The aim of this work is to study the combustion of a LiH grain in a supersonic airstream, as a preliminary to investigate its potential as fuel in a solid-fueled scramjet. This hydride is interesting because it reacts exothermically with many substances and contains hydrogen, suggesting its use when a much higher density (compared with that of LH 2 ) would be beneficial. In fact, LiH releases H 2 and Li by thermal decomposition; at the same time, the Li produced behaves as a highly energetic fuel in the presence of a high-temperature airstream. Because of the scarce data present in literature, the thermochemical properties of LiH and its decomposition were calculated, estimated, or modeled, and issues associated with its combustion in a hot supersonic stream were investigated; a simplified physical model describing its vaporization and combustion was built that was successively simulated by means of a computational fluid dynamics code. Results show that LiH is an ideal candidate for solid-fueled-scramjet applications, behaving not only as a high-energy-density bifuel system, but also as a safe and compact hydrogen carrier. An intense flame zone is predicted to be present over the decomposing surface and downstream of the grain; the flame is stable and high temperatures (on the order of 2900 K) are obtainable. Moreover, specific impulse and thrust density predicted at a flight Mach = 7 are also interesting, being 10,000 and 200―300 m/s, respectively.


With the development of straw stalk output continually increases, how to improve the straw stalk's utilization rate has been become the major problems. Hence, through to discussion of the sureness of the pulverizer groundwork part parameter and checking the main part of the straw, the article has explained the overall mentality of designing of a integration of operation machine in the field of the type of 4Q-1.5 straw pulverizer. Its result of study offers the basis for research and popularization of the straw pulverizer and consults.


This experiment synthesize a rare-SO42-/ZrO2 solid acid catalyst, and investigate the optimal reaction conditions for the catalytic reaction of the catering waste oil and methanol reaction which is preparation for biodiesel. Under a condition of alcohol oil molar ratio of 9:1, a catalyst amount of 4 %, reaction time of 8 h, and reaction temperature of 240°C, more than65% of biodiesel yield was obtained. Each performance index of the Biodiesel can reach the standard of similar foreign products, and the prepared catalyst has good reusability.


Charles-Albert Cingria (1883-1954) is not only one of the major French writers from twentieth-century Switzerland (Ramuz's friend both in the literary and real-life sense) but also an essential contributor to the modern perception of the Middle Ages. One of the major revivalists of the troubadours, he took the presumed repetitiveness of their lyric art as its primary constituent and raison d'etre. This notion belonged to his broader scholarly meditation on Gregorian chant which he refused to interpret in the usual ethereal way, as well as a related lionization of jazz and Stravinski – as he saw it, the only twentieth-century heirs to a fundamentally non-sentimental, medieval aesthetic of music. This 'medieval' perspective, according to Cingria, was the only 'normal' way to envision music.


The article by Kedrov presented here will be of great interest to students of problem solving and creativity, particularly because of the unparalleled data it contains. D. I. Mendeleev's discovery of the periodic table was one of the great advances in chemistry in the 19th century. Mendeleev's notebooks and memoranda, preserved in the archives of Leningrad University, contain a minute and detailed account of the crucial step of that discovery, providing us with precise information about the successive stages through which the discovery proceeded, and the progressive improvement in his representation and formulation of it.


Abstract A method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of surfactants in solution via ion chromatography has been developed. This method has the capability of separating linear alkyl anionic surfactants which differ by as little as two carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. In addition, the method can differentiate between surfactants of the same chain length which differ only in the chemical nature of the anionic head group. The ion chromatographic method is much simpler and more accurate than previous techniques of determining surfactant concentration which relied on detecting changes in secondary properties, such as surface tension. The method is also highly flexible and should be applicable to a wide variety of ionic and nonionic surfactants. Use of ion chromatography will greatly simplify studies of surfactant behavior.


This research aims to explore the current state and potential of medical services in Thailand. The researchers applied a qualitative approach to study the current situation of medical tourism in Thailand. Data collection for this study was carried out between May 1, 2022 and June 15, 2022 using purposeful sampling. The sampling criteria for this study were as follows: 1) individuals with a minimum of three years of direct or indirect experience in medical tourism, such as those working in medical service or hospitality management teams; 2) foreign tourists who have been treated in Thailand.
Overall, medical tourists have significant potential for the Thai medical service industry. They demonstrate a willingness to spend more and face fewer problems during their medical journeys. In addition, most medical tourists appreciate the quality of Thai hospitality and medical services. The study also indicates that the private sector has a large market share in the medical tourism industry. It is believed that private medical facilities and service providers are better equipped to meet the needs and preferences of medical tourists.


To improve the performance of e-learning platforms (ELP), many evaluation studies have been performed, since learning provided by the platform is getting more customized, the evaluation becomes more complex, lengthy and costly, and also requires the mobilization of a large number of students and professors to simulate the richest educational exchange possible. Our approach is to create a Community of Virtual Students that will substitute a human group of students in the evaluation of a target platform. Our Virtual Students Community (VSC) is composed of intelligent and conscious students, based on a cognitive and normative multi-agent system, applying the BDI model. Virtual students will conduct exchanges with the platform, which significantly decrease the evaluation's costs and time, and increase the efficiency of exchanges, while providing detailed reports and monitoring, allowing a better assessment via a third-party tool.


We examine the performance of a random-walk search algorithm for wireless sensor networks when resources are subject to limited lifetimes and queries are constrained by application-specific deadlines. Specifically, via the time-to-live and transmission range parameters, we estimate the appropriate number of resource copies that must be created within the network to minimize the total node arrival rate (the energy-centric approach) or to ensure the total proportion of queries failures does not exceed a specified threshold (the failure-centric approach). The effect of node transmission range on network performance is also investigated. We compare the results of our network simulations to our queueing-based analytic node model and find that there is an inverse relationship between transmission range and the time-to-live value required to minimize the total node arrival rate.


In the tropical forage grasses, the expression of dormancy is associated with physical and physiological causes present in freshly harvested seeds. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of vegetal growth regulators in the group of gibberellins and cytokines in overcoming dormancy of seeds of grass-andropogon. The experimental delimitation was completely randomized in factorial design (2 x 4) + 2, made by the combination of two vegetal growth regulators (gibberellins and cytokines) and four concentrations (75; 150; 225 and 300 mg L-1 a.i.), two evidences (with and without soaking in distilled water), with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. The seeds were immersed in the solution for a period of 2-h. The variables analyzed were: physical purity, water content, weight of thousand seeds, germination, first germination, abnormal seedlings, dormant seeds, seedling emergence and index of speed emergence. The immersion of seeds of grass-andropogon provides increment in gibberellins, at a concentration of 225 mg L-1, on germination and vigor. The cytokinin, the concentrations studied negatively affects seed quality.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infection, with a prevalence of 0.5–1% among all live births1. Congenital CMV is an important non-hereditary cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurological deficits. Vertical transmission occurs in about 30–35% of cases following primary infection, with symptomatic disease at birth in around 10–15%2. Recently, evidence in favor of pharmacological intervention for CMV during pregnancy has emerged. Egloff et al.3 evaluated the efficacy and safety of valacyclovir (VCV) in prevention of CMV transmission to the fetus after maternal primary infection. A total of 143 patients were included, including 59 in the VCV group and 84 in the control group. They reported that VCV reduced the risk of maternal–fetal transmission of CMV by nearly 60%, and the efficacy appeared to be the same in the first and second trimesters. The authors concluded that their study strongly supports a policy of CMV screening during pregnancy. However, there are some important issues in this study that should be addressed. During the study period, 230 patients were referred for maternal CMV primary infection. It would be helpful to find out whether a universal-screening approach was adopted at the three centers and, if so, what the total number of women screened was. Only a high primary-infection rate in pregnant women can warrant population-based screening for CMV. If universal screening was not adopted, it should be clarified why these patients were screened for CMV. Most (84/143) patients with primary infection declined treatment and 42% of control patients declined prenatal diagnosis (amniocentesis). Currently, there are no approved treatment options for CMV infection during pregnancy. It would therefore be interesting to know whether antenatal therapy was offered as part of a research protocol treatment in this retrospective study. There are several obstacles to implementing universal-screening approaches for CMV. First, the current screening methods cannot determine reliably the specific time of maternal CMV infection and, therefore, the risk of fetal infection. Additionally, to date, there have been no largescale trials demonstrating that adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes can be prevented by therapy during pregnancy. Two randomized trials evaluating pregnant women screened for primary CMV have shown no significant benefit from intravenous hyperimmune globulin in reducing the incidence of congenital CMV infection or perinatal death4,5. Although recent studies6–8, including that by Egloff et al., have suggested that high-dose VCV is efficacious for secondary prevention of congenital CMV following maternal primary infection during early pregnancy, these studies focused on vertical transmission of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive CMV, not symptomatic congenital CMV. One study sought to determine the circumstances under which universal first-trimester maternal serological screening for maternal CMV infection, with VCV prophylaxis to prevent congenital CMV, would be cost-effective9. It showed that, in order for universal screening and VCV prophylaxis to be cost-effective, VCV prophylaxis must achieve at least 75.9% efficacy in reducing the risk of vertical transmission of primary CMV. Well-designed largescale randomized trials are urgently needed to confirm whether implementation of universal screening and prophylaxis for maternal primary CMV in the first trimester would be cost-effective (Figure 1). In the study by Egloff et al., among patients with negative CMV PCR on the amniotic fluid, one newborn


Oral lichen planus(OLP) is a common chronic mucocutaneous disorder with an immune mediatedpathogenesis. Etiology of OLP is unknown, but it is thought to be the result of an autoimmune process withan unknown predisposing factor. The clinical presentation of OLP ranges from mild painless white keratoticlesions to painful erosions and ulcerations. It has various oral manifestations with the reticular type beingthe most common. The erosive and atrophic variants are less common but most likely to cause symptoms.Topical corticosteroids constitute the mainstay for symptomatic lesions of OLP. The aim of this study is toinvestigate the prevalence of reticular variant of oral lichen planus.Materials and Methods: In the presentstudy a total of 68 patients were included. The demographic, clinical and treatment details were recorded. Allthe collected data was analyzed by SPSS IBM software Results: Among 63 patients with OLP 60.3% werefemales showing a bilateral involvement in the buccal mucosa (92.1%) with P<0.05. The reticular variantconstituted (37.1 %) of all the total cases and erosive variant was the most common (57.1%).Corticosteroidswere the most common drug. Conclusion:Within the limitations of the study it is evident that OLP has morefemale prevalence, erosive form was more frequent followed by the reticular form of Lichen planus. Buccalmucosa was the most commonly affected site and majority of the patients were treated using Corticosteroids.


Foundations: General Factors Foundations in detail External walls: General factors External walls: basic types External walls: detailed sections Floors generally Floors in detail Roofs generally Flat roofs basic types Flat roofs in detail Pitched roofs in detail Internal walls generally Internal walls in detail Stairways, ramps, handrails and balustrades generally Stairways, ramps, handrails and balustrades in detail Windows generally Windows in detail External domestic doors in detail.


The use of buoyant density centrifugation (BDC) to prepare samples for PCR analysis of food pathogens is described. Blue cheese and milk homogenates were inoculated with Shigella flexneri and layered on top of Percoll® media. After BDC, the food homogenates remained in the upper part of the centrifuge tube, separated from the bacteria, which retained viability and were concentrated below the lighter Percoll® layer. PCR inhibitors stayed in the homogenate and PCR analyses of treated samples consistently detected 104 cfu g−1 of blue cheese and 500 cfu ml−1 of milk, respectively. Differences in the density of live and killed Sh. flexneri and Yersinia enterocolitica were detected by BDC but were dependent on the mechanism of killing.


- Physical Activity is a fundamental component for the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. Recommendations for physical activity levels are issued by most governments as part of public health measures. Therefore, it is vital for regulatory purposes, that there are reliable measurements of physical activity. However, the techniques and protocols used in existing physical activity research, including laboratory-based measurement, have received increasingly critical scrutiny in recent times. Consequently, physical activity researchers have begun to explore the use of wearable sensing technology to capture large amounts of data and the use of machine learning techniques, specifically artificial neural networks, to produce classifications for specific physical activity events. This paper explores this idea further and presents a supervised machine learning approach that utilises data obtained from accelerometer sensors worn by children in free-living environments. The paper posits a rigorous data science approach that presents a set of activities and features suitable for measuring physical activity in children in free-living environments. A Multilayer Perceptron neural network is used to classify physical activities by activity type, using ecologically valid data from body worn accelerometer sensors. A rigorous reproducible data science methodology is presented for subsequent use in physical activity research. Our results show that it was possible to obtain an overall accuracy of 92% using the initial data set, and 99.8% using interpolated cases.


...............................................................................................................................4 Introduction .........................................................................................................................5 Background........................................................................................5 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................7 Organizational "Gap" Analysis of Project Site ..............................................................7 Review of the Literature (related to evidence-based practice/s to address the problem) ....8 Evidence Based Practice: Verification of Chosen Option........................... ......11 Theoretical Framework/Evidence Based Practice Model .................................................12 Goals, Objectives & Expected Outcomes .........................................................................13 Project Design .......................................................................................14 Project Site and Population ..........................................................................................15 Implementation Plan/Procedures...................................................................15 Outcome Measurement(s) ...........................................................................................16 Data Collection Procedure ..........................................................................................17 Ethical Considerations/Protection of Human Subjects ................................... 17 Results.................................................................................................18 Discussion.............................................................................................21 TRANSITIONING TO HOSPICE WITH A PACE PROGRAM 3 Setting Facilitators and Barriers ...................................................................................24 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................25 References ..........................................................................................................................26 Appendix ............................................................................................................................30 Appendix A ..................................................................................................................30 Appendix B ..................................................................................... 31 Appendix C.......................................................................................32 Appendix D .................................................................................................................34 Appendix E ..................................................................................................................35 Appendix F...................................................................................................................48 Appendix G......................................................................................49 Appendix H......................................................................................50 Appendix I....................................................................................... 51 TRANSITIONING TO HOSPICE WITH A PACE PROGRAM 4 Abstract Background: Hospice care has been proven to improve patient outcomes at the end of life. However, patients frequently die without receiving hospice benefits. The challenge of transitioning patients from care with a life prolonging intent to a comfort focused approach can partly be attributed to poor prognostication or misconceptions about hospice. A Program for All Inclusive Care of Elders (PACE) in Massachusetts identified transitioning to hospice as an area for improvement. Purpose: To perform a needs assessment to gain understanding of the barriers to effective transitions to hospice and to provide education aimed at addressing those barriers. Methods: Subjects included nurses, nutritionists, physical and occupational therapists. These healthcare providers were surveyed to assess facilitators and barriers to hospice transitions. An educational presentation and focus group based on the results was conducted and evaluated using post-surveys. Results: Eleven individuals participated in the needs assessment survey. Lack of communication surrounding end of life care transitions was the most frequently identified barrier to care. The educational intervention focused on communication strategies and the post-survey evaluated participant satisfaction on the topic. Six participants were present for the presentation, 5 completed the post-survey following the intervention and 2 completed the 2-month follow-up. Due to the low response rate for the 2-month follow up it was not clear that there was a change in satisfaction among participants. Conclusion: A needs assessment is valuable in understanding why patients are not receiving adequate hospice services at the end of life. These results can effectively direct interventions that aim to improve care transitions.Background: Hospice care has been proven to improve patient outcomes at the end of life. However, patients frequently die without receiving hospice benefits. The challenge of transitioning patients from care with a life prolonging intent to a comfort focused approach can partly be attributed to poor prognostication or misconceptions about hospice. A Program for All Inclusive Care of Elders (PACE) in Massachusetts identified transitioning to hospice as an area for improvement. Purpose: To perform a needs assessment to gain understanding of the barriers to effective transitions to hospice and to provide education aimed at addressing those barriers. Methods: Subjects included nurses, nutritionists, physical and occupational therapists. These healthcare providers were surveyed to assess facilitators and barriers to hospice transitions. An educational presentation and focus group based on the results was conducted and evaluated using post-surveys. Results: Eleven individuals participated in the needs assessment survey. Lack of communication surrounding end of life care transitions was the most frequently identified barrier to care. The educational intervention focused on communication strategies and the post-survey evaluated participant satisfaction on the topic. Six participants were present for the presentation, 5 completed the post-survey following the intervention and 2 completed the 2-month follow-up. Due to the low response rate for the 2-month follow up it was not clear that there was a change in satisfaction among participants. Conclusion: A needs assessment is valuable in understanding why patients are not receiving adequate hospice services at the end of life. These results can effectively direct interventions that aim to improve care transitions.


WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF GENERAL RESEARCH INTO DEEP FOUNDATIONS CONSTRUCTED SEVERAL YEARS AGO, THE LABORATOIRES DES PONTS ET CHAUSSEES HAVE DEVELOPED SEVERAL NEW MEASUREMENT DEVICES INCLUDING MOBILE STRAIN GAUGES. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES SUCCESSIVELY: (A) THE PRINCIPLES OF DETERMINING THE FORCES ACTING ON A PILE; (B) THE PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION OF MOBILE STRAIN GAUGES (AND THE APPLICATION OF MOBILE STRAIN GAUGES) TRIPOD BLOCKING DEVICE MODEL 70; INFLATABLE BLOCKING DEVICE MODEL 72; METAL TAPES BEARING GAUGES; (C) THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE METHOD; (D) THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS RELEVANT TO THE BEHAVIOUR OF FOUNDATIONS UNDER FULL SCALE TESTING (TUBULAR STEEL PILE DRIVEN WITH A SHOE; DRIVEN PREFABRICATED PILES, GROUTED BORED SOLETANCHE STEEL PILES, GROUTED ANCHORAGES OF THE IPR-SOLATANCHE AND TM-BACHY TYPE).


Objectives To study the effect and mechanism of the schistosomiasis on the occurrence of acute appendicitis.Methods 225 cases with appendicitis were divided into two groups according to whether or not the patient had appendix schistosomiasis by postoperative pathological examination.Results (1)clinical findings,perforation and postoperative complication incidence of the two groups were not significantly different (P0.05) on the first day and after 3 days of the occurrence of appendicitis.(2)During 2~3 days of the occurrence of appendicitis, pathological features and postoperative complication such as perforation were significantly different between the two groups(P0.05).(3)The number of the acidophilic granulocytes was significantly different between two groups on the first day, but there was no significant difference after 3 days.Conclusion In the occurrence of appendicitis schistosomiasis could increase the possibility of appendix suppuration and gangrene which may result from the delayed allergic reaction during 2~3 days of the occurrence of appendicitis.


We know that ankylosing spondylitis occurs more frequently in men and its onset is primarily in the young. It shows a familial aggregation and is associated with diseases such as Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis and other bowel conditions. It also occurs more frequently in patients with psoriatic arthritis. It is tempting to suggest that in patients predisposed to ankylosing spondylitis the occurrence of a disease such as Reiter's syndrome initiates the spondylitis. It is possible, however, that conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and ulcerative colitis are all genetically determined, and are linked together.


Storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in deep geological formations is a possibility for the mitigation of climate change. CO2 can be stored in deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields and unmineable coal seams. Due to the tectonic setting and the evolution of the Pannonian Basin, in Hungary all storage options are available. Saline aquifers of the Pannonian Szolnok Formation and Újfalu Formation seem to be the best CO2 reservoirs but depleted gas fields in the Great Hungarian Plain also have significant capacity. As for the coal fields, the Lower Jurassic Mecsek Coal Formation and the deep lignite seams of the Pannonian Újfalu Formation are potential storage places.


Abstract. Control of DC/DC boost converter is a complex task due to the nonlinearity in the converter and that introduced by the external changes. This paper describes a robust sliding mode controller for the control of DC/DC boost converters. As well as, dynamic equations describing the boost converter are represented. Also, sliding mode controller is modeled and simulated. The robustness of the sliding mode controlled DC/DC boost converter system is tested for both step load changes and input voltage variations using the well known Matlab/Simulink software package.


The surface of six different grades of commercial sub-micron high purity alpha alumina powders produced by two different processes, in-situ chemical vapor deposition (AA powders) and hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxide (AKP powders) methods are evaluated by Temperature Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TPDMS). All AA powders show almost the same quantities of H2O and CO2 desorbed molecules. On the other hand, the different grades of AKP powders show different quantities of H2O and CO2 desorbed molecules. The AKP-3000 powder quantity of desorbed H2O molecules is similar to that of the AA powders. However, the AKP-3000 powder quantity of desorbed CO2 molecules is about seven times larger than that of the AA powders. The maximum of the CO2 desorption peak is the range 230-270°C for all powders. The desorbed CO2 peak is considered to evolve from the adsorbed CO2 molecules forming hydrogen carbonyl groups by interaction with AlIV-OH groups on the α-alumina surfaces. The amount of hydrogen carbonyl groups on surface of the AKP powders is larger than for the AA powders, indicating that on AKP powder surfaces the amount of AlIV-OH groups is larger. These results show that on the surface of commercial high purity alpha alumina powder a complex hydrated layer exists by interaction between surface hydroxyl groups and CO2 adsorbed molecules, unlike commonly accepted stable alpha alumina structure.


We attempt to assess the appropriate sequence of bronchial biopsy and bronchial brushing for a better cytological diagnostic yield. The fiberoptic bronchoscopy was conducted in patients with negative sputum cytology to investigate endobronchial lesions by means of pre- and post-biopsy brushing cytology. The cytological results were compared with those of biopsies. Thirty-six patients with endobronchial lesion were found by bronchoscopy, and 29 had confirmed diagnosis after follow-up. The diagnostic yields of pre-biopsy brushing cytology, bronchial biopsy and subsequent brushing cytology were 17.2 (5/29), 75.9 (22/29) and 79.3 (23/29) percentage, respectively. The overall diagnostic sensitivity of biopsy, with the addition of post-biopsy brushing cytology, approached 93.1 percent. A better diagnostic yield of post-biopsy brushing cytology could be obtained as compared to pre-biopsy brushing cytology through a fiberoptic bronchoscope for endobronchial lesions. We concluded that a higher yield of brushing cytology following biopsy might be due to the exposure of submucosal cancer cells. Our data support the notion of combined use of bronchial biopsy and subsequent brushing cytology for the diagnosis of endobronchial lesions.


Summary Interest in the theoretical and empirical analysis of multi-product enterprises is growing. This paper uses newly available representative longitudinal data covering the years 1995 to 2004 to document for the first time the extent of product diversification in German manufacturing enterprises and the role of single- and multi-product firms. In 2004 about 60 percent of all enterprises were multi-product firms, producing 4.4 products on average.Multi-product firms are more often found among the larger enterprises. In 2004 the share of multi-product enterprises in total sales and total exports was 81 percent and 84 percent, respectively. Enterprises producing a large number of products are a rare species - only about three percent of all firms produce more than ten different products. This extent of product diversification is rather stable over the time period under consideration. The empirical investigation demonstrates that compared to single-product firms multi-product firms are larger, have a higher productivity, and both a higher human capital intensity and research and development intensity. These characteristics of multi-product firms do exist before single-product enterprises turn to multi-product enterprises. Therefore, and in accordance with the resource view, they can be considered as determinants of product diversification at the firm level.


Revocation of a private key is an indispensable factor if user-operation aspects, such as an information management system in a cloud computing environment, are considered. Although there is a public key infrastructure (PKI)-based certificate revocation list in the private key revocation function, the revocation function of a PKI cannot be applied to functional encryption as it is. The cloud environment has limitations, such as no smooth access privilege change, and re-allocation that uses the existing proxy re-encryption. To solve the problem, functional encryption that is suitable for the cloud used as external storage, and for which revocation is possible, was proposed. This study proposes medical data management based on functional encryption that can restrict access privileges to the users concerned, if data access privileges stored within a health cloud are terminated. If many users exist in the health cloud environment, communications volume and computation requirements are expected to increase enormously due to the packet processing load of a trusted third party. Therefore, a revocation function is executed by postponing the revocation function for a certain period of time (D) for efficient retention and management of a revocation list, and by increasing key numbers when a specific time arrives. A system and protocol must be configured in which the first ciphertext is converted into a secondary ciphertext so that the revocation of access privileges to data stored in the health cloud server can be made, and a user whose access privileges were revoked cannot conduct secondary decryption.


This article explores metaphors in qualitative analysis. Scientific paradigms are often embedded in metaphors that guide our research and its results. The purpose is to clarify the mix of positions that are taken by researchers as detectives. Three characters from different genres of detective stories are presented. A conclusion from the study is that a traditional researcher-as-detective metaphor (Sherlock Holmes) tends to bring a post-positivist approach also to qualitative research, although the paradigm is less satisfactory when solving research problems addressed in interpretative social research. An alternative detective metaphor, researcher as profiler, is found to be closer to the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of constructivist research approaches. Finally, the question is raised whether Paul Auster's deconstructed character, Mr. Quinn, might prove to be a fruitful metaphor for postmodern research, placing emphasis on individual action and rejecting theories that place emphasis on the freedom and the ability of individual agents to shape the social world.


appeals affirmed the district court, holding that compensation of a receiver received in 1918, covering services extending over several years, was taxable in the year when received. The receiver accepted appointment under an order providing for payment at the rate of $2,000 per month and that at the termination of receivership he might apply for further compensation. He kept no books and made returns from 1913 to 1917 on the basis of income received. In 1918 he was allowed a final


Self-duplicating, self-propagating malicious codes known as computer worms spread themselves without any human interaction and launch the most destructive attacks against computer network. Active worm's is also one type of worm. Active worms major security threats to the Internet. This is due to the ability of active worms to propagate in an automated fashion as they continuously compromise computers on the Internet. Active worms evolve during their propagation, and so, pose great challenges to defend against them. In this paper, we investigate a new class of active worms, referred to as Camouflaging Worm (C-Worm in short). In this paper, we investigate a new class of active worms, referred to as Camouflaging Worm (C-Worm in short). The C-Worm is different from traditional worms because of its ability to intelligently manipulate its scan traffic volume over time. Thereby, the C- Worm camouflages its propagation from existing worm detection systems based on analyzing the propagation traffic generated by worms. We analyze characteristics of the C-Worm and conduct a comprehensive comparison between its traffic and nonworm traffic (background traffic). We observe that these two types of traffic are barely distinguishable in the time domain. However, their distinction is clear in the frequency domain, due to the recurring manipulative nature of the C-Worm. Motivated by our observations, we design a novel spectrum-based scheme to detect the C-Worm. Our scheme uses the Power Spectral Density (PSD) distribution of the scan traffic volume and its corresponding Spectral Flatness Measure (SFM) to distinguish the C-Worm traffic from background traffic. Using a comprehensive set of detection metrics and real-world traces as background traffic, we conduct extensive performance evaluations on our proposed spectrum-based detection scheme. The performance data clearly demonstrates that our scheme can effectively detect the C-Worm propagation. Furthermore, we show the generality of our spectrum-based scheme in effectively detecting not only the C-Worm, but traditional worms as well.


A detailed description was made to the general working principle of powder materials pneumatic transportation, working characteristics of Y95 model fluctuating low pressure pneumatic conveyer, Y91C model whirling pneumatic conveyer, and S-series of pneumatic transportation system commonly used in foundry shops. Based on practical experiences and according to materials to be conveyed, some suggestions were offered about how to choose pneumatic conveyers.


The original article Hemoglobin sickle cell disease complications: a clinical study of 179 cases (Haematologica 2012;97(8):1136-41) by Lionnet F, Hammoudi N, Stojanovic NS, Avellino V, Grateau G, Girot R, and Haymann J-P, was published with an incorrect title and abstract due to a production error. The correct title and abstract are reported below. We apologize to the authors and readers. doi:10.3324/haematol.2012.13890


Cache side-channel attacks have become a significant security threat across a variety of hardware architectures. By observing which sets of a cache are accessed by the victim, the attacker gleans critical information about the address bits in the victim's access, thereby revealing portions of secret keys used by encryption algorithms (or other sensitive information). Fundamentally, this ability to deduce information about addresses given the accessed sets depends on knowing (or discovering) how addresses are mapped to cache sets by hardware. In this work, we explore and evaluate the security of various cache mapping functions. Using an information-theoretic formulation, CHASM estimates the number of address bits that are likely leaked by different mapping schemes. Our analysis leads to several new insights. One, all one-to-one schemes that map n set-index address bits to 2 set-indices leak all n bits. Two, based on memory footprint, programs often leak several additional (viz., tag) bits (e.g., AES leaks 39 bits out of 42 at L3). This is due to the non-uniform accesses to addresses: some addresses are accessed significantly more often than others and frequently accessed addresses potentially leak more information. Three, tag bits leak even with the use of address space layout randomization (16 − 23 bits). Four, the use of huge pages in order to reduce pressure on TLBs causes increased leakage (5.5 additional bits on average). Since many of these techniques have opposing impact on performance and security, we propose a new performance-security product metric to jointly evaluate mapping schemes for both performance and security.


Current Position 5/06 – current Associate Professor, Dept. of Anthropology Univ. of Notre Dame 3/14 – current Concurrent Associate Professor, Gender Studies, Univ. of Notre Dame 8/15 current Fellow, Nanovic Institute for European Studies, Univ. of Notre Dame 2004 – current Co-Director, Expedition to the Dead Sea Plain (Jordan) 2007 – current Co-Director, Bova Marina Archaeological Project (Calabria, Italy)


This paper shows the poor treatment of phraseological units provided by traditional monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. It then goes on to focus on the recent launching of electronic dictionaries, their applications and the automated treatment of language, lexicon and its possible classifications. Taking verbal locutions as a starting point, the author suggest a new way to compile an electronic dictionary, attempting to make up for the usual lack of information about phraseological units in traditional dictionaries. The paper concludes showing all the possible applications of these new dictionaries in lexicology and in contrastive semantics, as well as in translation.


An in vitro culture system was developed for axenic culture of the seagrass Halophila engelmannii Aschers. The culture system had a rhizome layer solidified with agar (0.8% w/v) and a liquid overlay layer. The rhizome layer contained artificial seawater (20%0, inorganic nutrients, plant growth regulators, sucrose (1% w/v), and activated charcoal (1% w/v). The overlay layer contained artificial seawater and inorganic nutrients. The medium f/4 provided the best source of inorganic nutrients of the five media compared. Axenic cultures of H. engelmannii died if NO3 was the only N source. They grew best when supplied with glutamic acid at a concentration of 3.4 mM as the N source. A combination of α-naphthaleneacetic acid at a concentration of 0.25 mg ∙ L−1 and 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 10 mg ∙ L−1 provided the most rapid rates of propagation as measured by the numbers of pseudowhorls and branches produced. Key words: tissue culture, marine plants, media, plant growth regulators.


It is generally accepted that buffers, in Internet routers, should be much smaller than the currently deployed bandwidth-delay product rule. However, as yet, there is no consensus on the optimal buffer-sizing strategy. Our focus will be on the performance, with respect to sizing buffers, of transport protocols that use queuing delay and packet loss as their feedback signals for flow and congestion control. The protocols we choose for our study are Compound, Illinois, and AFRICA.


The focus of translation has shifted from the macro level of isolated linguistic units to the macro level of the socio-cultural context in which the translation act takes places. It means that translation has played quite significant role in communicating and exchanging social and cultural information. The aim of this study is to find out the cultural terms in the Indonesian novel Bumi Manusia, the techniques of translation applied by the translator, and to explain how the techniques applied reflect the ideology of translation. The method of collecting data in this study was through observing by note-taking technique. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using qualitative method. There were 187 data of five categories of cultural terms, fourteen idioms, four sayings, and fourteen techniques identified in the novel. The most tendency of application of ideology of translation in translating the cultural terms related to Javanese culture was domestication ideology (78, 20%), it showed that the translation was oriented to TL. The next orientation used in the translation of the cultural terms was followed by foreignization ideology 12%), it showed that the translator tried to introduce Javanese cultural terms to the target readers using SL-oriented. The last tendency was partial foreignization and partial domestication (10,8%), it showed that the translation was partially oriented to SL and partially oriented to TL.


As educators within Engineering faculties attempt to make their courses as attractive and available to students as possible, many are advocating the translation of course materials to an online format. By doing this they maintain that it will give greater flexibility to students who study off campus. But what kind of flexibility is required? Have educators thought through the process of online courses or are they merely creating another way of teaching the same materials? These problems are investigated from the perspective of both academics and administrators. While all educational institutions, have rules and regulations, the organizational structures of those institutions should be such as to be able to accommodate students so that they are not unreasonably denied access to the very concept that educational institutions were created to administer - learning. This paper investigates the mindset of educational institutions, and the methods that may need to be introduced in order that engineering courses can be successfully translated to a flexible online environment.


The economic power of Jesuit slaves in Peru permitted some of them to buy their freedom after the expulsion. Attachment to their home soil among the victims of the transfers to other domains of the Temporalities often led runaways to remain close by. The sale of "useless arms" became part of a commercial network that extended throughout the Southern Cone.
In cases of abuse of slaves on rented haciendas or slaves sold to individuals, Temporalities provided a kind of patronage. In that respect, women played a very important role in collective claims.


OBJECTIVE: Comparing clinical and psychosocial features of PNES in Afro-American and Caucasian-White Males. BACKGROUND: PNES represent 10[percnt]-40[percnt] of refractory epilepsy mostly in females. The features of PNES in males are scarcely reported especially among AAM.
 DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospectively reviewed 3359 charts of all patients admitted to EMU between 2001 and 2011. Male 蠅18 years with the diagnosis of PNES were ascertained. The demographic, clinical features and psychosocial informations were evaluated.
Separate independent samples Mann Whitney U-tests were conducted
 RESULTS: Out of 282 with PNES 54 (19[percnt]) were males.16 were AAM 19-55yrs old and 31 WM 18-58 yrs and 87[percnt] were 50[percnt] of the spells lasted >5 mintues. Reported history of head injury in 56[percnt] of AAM and 19[percnt] of WM, depression/anxiety in 50[percnt] and 64.5[percnt] and alcohol/substance abuse in 19[percnt] and 6.5[percnt] respectively. 75[percnt] of AAM and 55[percnt] of WM were in disability benefit. Only one AAM and 7 WM were employed and 19[percnt] in both groups were without employement or benefits. Both ethnic groups behaved similarly for all characteristics but seizure frequency was higher in AAM than WM (mean 2.25vs.1.77).
 CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed fewer significant ethnic difference suggesting that PNES among males are likely similar. Some of the differences such as more frequent limb/unresponsive in WM and higher incidence of reported head injury, alcohol/substance abuse and disability benefit in AAM may give insight into causation of PNES
 Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Abubakr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wambacq has nothing to disclose.


This paper compares the previously published findings of two separate research projects examining the role of the expert witness in valuation disputes in Australia and the UK. In particular, it examines the performance, organization and training of expert valuation witnesses in the context of valuation variation. The research found that Australian practitioners were less aware than their UK counterparts of their duties when acting as an expert witness. It also found that the use of expert witnesses was similar in both countries, with the one expert for each party dominating the system. Australian experts appeared to have less training and guidance opportunities but their attitude to being required to train was more positive than in the UK. Expert witnesses in both countries fit their evidence to their clients' case, and advocate for clients, in spite of being very well aware that their responsibility is to the court rather than to their particular clients. Given this awareness, it seems unlikely that their practices will change significantly with improved training. The research also has implications for other international jurisdictions where single experts are used to determine valuation cases.


Wheeler, J. P., Purchase, C. F., Macdonald, P. D. M., Fill, R., Jacks, L., Wang, H., and Ye, C. 2009. Temporal changes in maturation, mean length-at-age, and condition of spring-spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in Newfoundland waters. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1800-1807.We investigated temporal trends in some life-history traits of Atlantic herring. Population size of Newfoundland herring stock complexes declined precipitously through the 1970s. Maturation age and size also decreased substantially, but not until the late 1980s. Although significant effects were found for region and gear type, these were only minor compared with the general trend. No effects were found for sex. Changes in maturation age and size can represent an evolutionary response to fishery-induced selection, or phenotypic plasticity as a result of a compensatory response to stock declines, or a response to other changes in the environment. Length-at-age and body condition decreased concurrently with changes in maturation, suggesting that declines in maturation age and size were not a compensatory response to reduced stock sizes. This supports the hypothesis of evolutionary changes in maturation. However, increases observed in the most recent year classes, and concurrent changes in other species, suggest that changes in the environment may have also affected age- and size-at-maturation.


A great amount of teachers and professors are involved every day in research processes in the field of education, especially through research projects, Master and Doctoral thesis, where insufficiencies are found in the knowledge about the possible ways of using the statistical techniques and methods in these processes. In this article the potentialities of statistics are analyzed in different moments of the investigative process, as well as the techniques and methods at the reach of the investigators. An analysis is made also of the main inadequacies that are presented when using statistics as an investigation tool.


To alleviate the problem of scarce spectrum resources and meet the ever-increasing of mobile broadband data traffic demands, Licensed Assisted Access-Long Term Evolution (LAA-LTE), operating in the unlicensed spectrum, is a promising solution. Considering that the unlicensed spectrum is shared by a few incumbent systems, such as Wi-Fi, one main target is to guarantee the friendly and harmonious coexistence of LTE with other wireless systems in the unlicensed spectrum. In this paper, an experimental testing platform is built to model the realistic environment. Supplementary downlink (SDL) and Cell ON/OFF mechanism are mainly investigated to verify the fair coexistence between LAA and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed spectrum. Meanwhile, the performance of LAA and Wi-Fi coexistence is evaluated by many experimental tests. Numerical experimental results show that SDL mechanism has a relatively friendly and harmonious coexistence between LAA and Wi-Fi only in the sparse scenario while Cell ON/OFF mechanism is more effective in LAA and Wi-Fi coexistence scenario than SDL.


Modern unmanned aerial vehicles require decrease of the mass for its component to provide higher load capacity and operating range. Cooling system of the electronic components have significant mass and thus its decrease can be very beneficial to improvement of UAV performance. Two main methods of mass decrease was considered: implementation of higher number of smaller fins and using cylindrical shape of the fins. Smaller fins allows to increase fin efficiency to keep optimal temperature of the fin and cylindrical fins have higher surface-to-mass ratio which allows to decrease weight of the system. Fin efficiency as high as 96% was reached during analysis. Optimized model with smaller fins with higher distance between fins on the periphery and higher fins with less distance between them in center was suggested. Optimized model showed 17.4% mass decrease in comparison with prototype with same operating temperature of about 410 K.


In this study,treatment of Arabidopsis suspension cell lines with 1-NAA and 2,4-D demonstrated that cell division and elongation are uncoupled process,2,4-D promotes cell division but not cell elongation,whereas the same concentration of 1-NAA favors cell elongation.In cell division process responsive to 2,4-D,high expression of heterotrimeric G-proteins a-subunit GPA1 was detected with western-blot.


To assess if propranolol prevents the first bleeding in cirrhosis, we randomly assigned 174 patients with large varices to either propranolol in doses reducing the resting heart rate by 25% (85 patients) or to a placebo (oral vitamin K, 89 patients). Sixty‐nine patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, 24 posthepatitic cirrhosis and 81 cryp‐togenic cirrhosis. At the time of inclusion, 75 patients (43%) had ascites and according to the Child‐Pugh classification, 103 (59%) had Class A disease, 60 (34%) Class B and 11 (7%) Class C. We report here an interim analysis of the study when all patients had been followed for at least 1 year (mean follow‐up = 22 months). At this time, the cumulative proportion of patients free of bleeding was 74% in the propranolol group and 63% in the placebo group; corresponding survival figures were 59 and 74% (both differences not significant), respectively. A retrospective analysis showed that the cumulative percentage of patients free of bleeding was significantly higher in the propranolol‐ than in the control‐group in the subsets of patients without ascites or in Child‐Pugh Class A: respectively, 87 vs. 64% (p = 0.023) and 88 vs. 64% (p = 0.01). No differences in bleeding incidence were found in patients with ascites or in Child‐Pugh Class B or C. Propranolol treatment did not affect survival in any subgroup. Twenty‐five patients had to be withdrawn from propranolol because of side effects (n = 23) or low compliance (n = 2). If confirmed on a longer follow‐up, these results suggest that propranolol could prevent the first bleeding in patients with well‐compensated cirrhosis.


The development of employment search skills is critical for engineering students to obtain high-quality employment. Most schools offer resources to assist in this skill development through their career centers, and a few schools offer either required or elective courses which focus on the main employment search skills of resume development, interviewing, etc. However, engineering students often do not recognize the importance of developing employment search skills or may procrastinate their search for internships and full-time employment. These students may fail to utilize career-center services, and such career-center services may not be focused specifically on obtaining engineering jobs. Moreover, many schools do not have space in their engineering curricula to add courses or the resources to offer engineering-focused courses to assist their students in the development of employment search skills. If engineering students do not develop the necessary skills to obtain employment, they may struggle to obtain their first job or obtain a subpar position that is not conducive to a strong start to their career. Additionally, the placement rate of the engineering program may suffer. The College of Engineering at Valparaiso University has developed an employment search skill development program to help students develop the necessary skills to obtain high-quality employment. Once deployed, this program requires minimal resources to administer and no new courses in the engineering curriculum. The program consists of stand-alone online learning modules for sophomore, junior, and senior engineering students in all disciplines. These Blackboard modules are administered by one person and associated with required courses in each discipline. The modules are comprehensive, consisting of multiple skill development sessions in each skill area, and each session consists of video instruction, a Blackboard quiz, and potentially an assignment. Upon completion of each of the Blackboard modules, each student's grades for the program contribute to the final grades in the associated discipline courses, thus providing the students with the required motivation to complete the employment search skill development program. Student surveys and focus groups were completed to assess the employment search skill development program and to determine suggestions for improvement.


We propose a first approximation to the modeling of cognitive decisions based on the theory of associative memories. The basic structure are the matrix memories of Anderson-Kohonen adapted to include the modulation of associations via tensorial preprocessing of inputs. This view admits an easy implementation of logical operations as matrix operators. From this "vectorial logic" springs a variety of models for fuzzy decision processes. Degrees of fuzziness are introduced at two different levels: (a) by the operators of modal logic, and (b) by using logical variables as vectors with projections inside the interval [0, 1]. The outcomes of this vectorial logic can be projected onto unit vectors yielding scalar difference equations. As examples we study the dynamics of contradictory self-referential systems and processes leading to competition between options. These models exhibit a variety of dynamical patterns that include stable steady states, oscillations, and deterministic chaos. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The connection type of Model ARWS automatic forging roll with heating furnace and main forging ma-chine has been introduced with some applications in forging production1ines.


A hybrid renewable energy system consisting of a photovoltaic generator and a wind driven DC machine is interconnected with the power utilities grid. The interconnection is done through the use of two separate single phase full wave controlled bridge converters. The bridge converters are operated in the "inverter mode of operation". That is to guaranty the extraction of the real powers from the wind driven generator as well as from the photovoltaic generator and inject them into the power utilities grid. At any pretended surrounding weather conditions, maximum extraction of powers from both renewable energy sources is targeted. This is done through the realization of self-adjusted firing angle controllers responsible of triggering the semiconductor elements of the controlled converters. An active power filter is shunted with the proposed setup to guaranty the sinusoid quality of the power utilities line current. The overall performance of the proposed system has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Quite satisfactory and encouraging results have been obtained.


From the viewpoint of city image,the anthor focuses his analyses on the major problems and disadvantages existing in the urban design of China.By analysing and looking for some countermeasures directly relared to them,he puts forward a model of urban design based on the city image.He emphasizes that to vaise the city image has been a must for a modern city developing sustainably.


Latino literature authored by women in recent decades has opened new representations for gender and subjectivity in narrative by resisting traditional plots and conventional authority. This narra tive fiction is breaking new ground from earlier literature by Latinas. Latin American women writers, such as Chilean Maria Luisa Bombal as early as the 1930s, found ways to represent alternate gender b\y using silence, despair, and madness to resist and subvert traditional plots—a type of madwoman-in-the-attic characterization. Women writers in the early Chicano awareness era of the 1960s and 1970s, such as Estela Portillo-Trambley, developed characters who escaped temporarily from traditional paths in order to realize their dreams. In other words, twentieth-century female characters have tended to turn inward toward a search for identity and self-discoveiy. Now, a recent boom of Mexican women writers and several


Abstract : Equations are obtained to evaluate the effect of determining parameters of cycle and stage on the strength working conditions and radial baliding dimensions of blading turbines of two cascade gas turbine engines (GID). Results are given of calculations showing the intensity of the effect of determining parameters on strength working conditions and radial blading dimensions of turbo compressors (TVD). Basic laws are revealed of TVD stage parameter relationship and parameters of the cycle of a double cascade GTD at constancy conditions of the maximum of long lasting strength of blades. Also discussed is the evaluated intensity of the effect of determinant cycle parameters and TVD on the economy of a two stage (two cascade) GTD at reserve constancy condition with respect to the maximum of long lasting strength of the blades.


An apparatus is described for the continuous measurement of freezing points of stirred volatile solutions in which solution composition changes have been experimentally eliminated.


The impacts of biofertilizer (OBD) on cassava rhizosphere microbiome holistic soil function produced from anaerobic bio-digested from biowaste inoculated with beneficial microbes applied alone and in commination to cassava cultivation under rainfed conditions with inorganic fertilizer NPK (15:15:15) on an Ultisol soil Igbariam, Nigeria in 2012/2013 cropping seasons to determine the crop yield and growth components. Cassava stakes each measuring about 25cm was then planted at 1m x 1m spacing on top of the ridges. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times OBD-Biofertilizer in combination with NPK gave significantly higher cassava root yield (P < 0.05) than the control. Application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers along with biofertilizer resulted in significantly higher growth attributes in addition to dry matter production and tuber yield. With application of biofertilizer to low marginal soils for cultivation of cassava, the macronutrients and micronutrients enhanced by biofertilizer microbial inoculants that transforms roots development, photosynthetic rate, replenished extracted soil nutrients by cassava harvest and improved nitrogen use efficiency. Biofertilizer can improve highly weathered and leached Oxisols, Ultisols and Alfisols soils where cassava is cultivated in the tropics and mitigate environment degradation. Biofertilizer applied cassava production soil provides interactions produces stability and resilience of soil with respect to functional characteristics. The trilogy papers illuminate the biofertilizer impacts on the functions of rhizosphere microbiome on cassava crop cultivation, development and protection (Graphical Abstract).


Ye Yongsheng is a common official of the Ming dynasty and less about him is recorded in the history,but he took commerce seriously and adopted a series of effective economic measures to encourage the commercial development,especially the development of Huizhou merchants.


The scope of the present work is the techno-economic study with concern for the environmental issues and the investigation of the viability of an offshore wind farm in the Greek sea area, northeast of the island of Limnos. In the context of this study, the wind data, the suitable location for the installation of the wind turbines beyond nature protected areas, the type of the wind turbines, the losses due to wind turbines interaction, and the visual impact at the respective study areas are analyzed. Moreover, reliable costing models are used and applied, internationally recognized for techno-economic studies of offshore wind farms. Thereafter, the viability of the project is studied through investment benchmarks. This means that specific economic indices are estimated indicating whether the realization of such an investment is viable or not. In conclusion, based on the analysis performed in this study, it is noted that in the Greek archipelago and especially at the island of Limnos, there is a sufficient ...


The tactical and technical approach model is an approach model that is often used in physical education, especially in game sports, one of which is basketball. This study aims to determine the different effects of tactical and technical learning models on students' understanding and skills in basketball. The method and design of this study used an experimental method with pre-test and post-test design groups. The research sample is composed of high school students, with a total of 48 students. 12 students using a technical approach and 12 tactical students The instrument uses GPAI (Games Performance Instrument Analysis). The results obtained (1) test the similarity of the average of the two skills obtained. 000 for technical and 0.000 for tactical, it can be concluded that the two models have significant differences in basketball playing skills. (2) Then the two models have different average values; the playing skills score of the tactical approach model is 0.67 and the technical approach model is 0.55. The difference between the two approach models shows that the tactical approach model has a significantly greater effect than the technical approach model.


Background: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy; however, its treatment is still surgical. With the development and application of targeted therapy in cancer treatment, there are great development prospects in researching targeted drugs for thyroid cancer. Methods: Differentially expressed mRNAs between thyroid cancerous tissue and normal thyroid tissues were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to build co-expression modules and combined with differentially methylated gene (DMG) analysis. The druggability was analyzed by PockDrug-Server. Due to drug repositioning to seek targeted drugs to treat thyroid cancer we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and screened out a drug target of thyroid cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) were used to analysis the protein enrichment of PPI network. Results: In the present study, the red module was significantly correlated with thyroid cancer. With DMG analysis, we screened out three genes: HEY2 , TNIK and LRP4 . These three genes were hypomethylation in tumors. The druggability based on PockDrug-Server predicted that only TNIK had protein pocket druggability. With PPI model for TNIK, there were ten genes interacted with TNIK. These genes were enriched in the MAPK and Wnt pathways, which are correlated with tumor proliferation, differentiation, and development. Upon searching for drugs against these 10 genes in Drugbank, it was determined that the targeted drug Binimetinib which is MEK1/2 inhibition. Therefore, we hypothesized that Binimetinib can be used as a targeted drug and TNIK can be regard as drug target for thyroid cancer therapy. Conclusion: Our research provides a bioinformatics method for screening drugs target and provides a theoretical basis for targeted therapy for thyroid cancer.


Summary The regional geology of parts of the state of New South Wales is very poorly known because of a thick regolith cover that makes field mapping difficult. Geologists often rely on the interpretation of geophysical data to help with the regional mapping. The use of potential field data in the interpretation of geological maps is very common. However, due to the non-uniqueness of potential field modelling, there can be no certain or unambiguous differentiation between different possible source rock geometries without reference to a priori information such as independent geological data. In order to overcome this problem, we use a wavelet analysis of potential field data, by looking at the horizontal gradient at different continuation levels. This method, also called multiscale edge detection (or worming), has proven to be a valuable additional tool for current regional mapping in NSW. We have applied the edge detection method in several areas of NSW. In this paper, we present results from the Cobar Basin, and also the Koonenberry region in the north-west of NSW. In the Cobar area, the method has helped define the edges of the basin, the major faults as well as their dips, and the internal structure/architecture of the basin. In the Koonenberry region the worms were found to be related to major structures and intrusive margins, and were considered when defining the shape and dips of buried bodies in 2D modelling of cross sections. The method has added an additional degree of confidence in understanding the deep seated tectonic fabrics of these regions.


Karlene Jones-Bley & D.G. Zdanovich (ed.). Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC: Regional Specifics in Light of Global Models (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monographs 45 & 46). 2 volumes. xxxviii & xiv+634 pages, many illustrations, tables. 2002. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man/Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk State University; 0-941694-83-6 (vol. 1) & 0-941694-86-0 (vol. 2) paperback $52 each.


Internet transformed in a radical way the information market, affecting all the traditional models to organizate the information. That old way process of no return communication between users and media has been canceled and superseded. Communication process does not end with the mere arrival of the product to the consumer. It is also necessary to hear your response. Your bid must be bidirectional, open, participatory and inclusive between professionals and their public. Distribution is now personalized and immediate: no entry barriers have disappeared, because support and channels are fully online, by Web screens. New online media companies should determine their value throwgh the level of their attended audience, the viewing time given by their public. Information dwelt from being a scarce resource, becomming a media noise unbearable that saturates the supply demand. Receivers who before obeyed now command: demanders, critics, active, productive, helpful, involved, commentator and broadcaster with its own digital environment. Users are now viewsers (users-viewers), browsers (navigators), players (players disinterested), prosumers (consumers, producers) and produsers (producers and users). 'Mass media' companies do not order, but the 'social media' from the audience instead. Intertextuality is a main characteristic of our modern culture. What is not on the Web today, is not in the world. Everything is knowable and only available online. Every world culture has been assumed by the network of Internet. Teaching, research, dissemination, should be scanned, lest they become outdated. Civilization will come through the screens, as it came before by publishers.


What are the connections between an individual's satisfaction with his or her neighborhood and the processes of identifying with the location? A path model was tested in which the length of residence promotes the identification processes, which are in turn likely to influence the degree of satisfaction with the residential environment. The components of residential satisfaction were also isolated to show that all the components of satisfaction are not equally affected by identification. A survey was taken with a sampling of 257 participants all residing in an urban environment in three major French cities. A scale of residential satisfaction and a scale of place identification were used. The tested model shows a good fit with the data. Furthermore, the results show that an individual's sense of identification with his or her neighborhood interacts primarily with the social aspects of satisfaction.


The public finances system is closely linked to political, economical, financial outlook and the way of organization of a country. Therefore we try to describe the context of the development and emergence of the fiscal legislation in Romania. Procedural law is defined in the literature as the set of acts and operations from which taxes and fees are collected to the state budget or the budgets of territorial administrative units. No.pg. 233


AbstractDissolved oxygen can be continuously monitored in liquid steel with a nonisothermal electrochemical cell involving partially stabilized zirconia electrolyte and cermet lead rods. Important aspects of their microstructure have been identified. Subsequent to evaluating Seebeck coefficients for the electrolyte and sensor behavior by immersion in small induction furnace heats, cells were set up suitable for embedding into a refractory lining. Stability and response to oxidation and deoxidation were studied. Oxygen contents have been followed reliably for over 15h in laboratory heats (15–1500 ppm) and over 3 1/2h in concast tundishes (35–200 ppm). Measurements were not limited by the cell lifetime in either case. Resume On peut controler le contenu d'oxygene du fer a l'etat liquide continuellement a l'aide d'un element electrochimique non-isotherme. On emploie le zircone stabilise comme electrolyte avec des contacts electriques d'un cermet. D'abord on a evalue les coefficients Seebeck pour les electrol...


A computer can be used to find the largest common fragment of two molecular structures, by a method which initially constructs a list of those atoms in one molecule which have a matching atom in the other molecule and whose neighbours match the corresponding neighbours in the other molecule. Forming the set of all atoms which are on this list and whose neighbours are on the list produces a new list. Next we form the set of all atoms which are on the new list and whose neighbours are also on the new list. After a very few interations of this process we are left with a short list, usually a single atom, which is the centre of the intersection. The atom central to an intersection having been determined, finding the intersection specifically is then a brief process.


Updated results on the energy dependence of the diierences between the quark and gluon jet fragmentation Preliminary DELPHI Collaboration Abstract The analysis of the data collected by DELPHI during 1994 at the Z 0 peak, has allowed updating the results of the charged multiplicity of quark and gluon jets. The new values connrm the energy dependence of the multiplicity ratio, r, of gluon to quark jets, giving: r E = (0:0112 0:0024) GeV ?1 As a consequence of the energy dependence exhibited by the jet multiplicities, b quark and gluon initiated jets of 25 GeV manifest similar properties. The study of the string eeect, by means of the particle ow in the q q inter-jet region of the q qg and q q events, connrms with increased accuracy the perturbative QCD calculation.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the chemical constituents of Grewia biloba and find its bioactive compounds.

METHODS
Compounds were isolated by silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 and Rp-18 column chromatography, and purified by recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and other methods.

RESULTS
Six compounds were isolated and identified as friedelin (1) epi-friedelan-3-ol (2), heneicosanoic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), Propyl palmitate (5), eatechin (6), respectively.

CONCLUSION
Compounds 1-3, 5, 6 are isolated from Grewia genus for the first time and compounds 4 is isolated from Grewia biloba for the first time.


The democratic deficit in the Middle East and the Muslim world is well-established. No study has, however, identified what it is about being a Middle Eastern or Muslim-majority country that impedes democracy. The explanatory deficit has given rise to an idea of Middle Eastern or Muslim exceptionalism. This article documents that when political and colonial history is accounted for, there is nothing exceptional about levels of democracy in these regions. Territories with comparatively developed precolonial state institutions were better able to resist European colonization and settlement. If they were colonized, territories with more developed state structures were more likely to experience an indirect form of colonial rule. Such territories, including the Islamic heartland in the Middle East, experienced less European settlement and colonial rule through local intermediaries and were therefore, in the long run, less likely to embark on a democratic regime trajectory.


Aim of this work is to define laboratory tests those are able to: represent the loads applied on the biogas drainage layer, define the mechanical resistance of the material used and, evaluate if the permeability of the breakage material decreases due to grain breakage


With the extensive use of optical cables in information interaction of smart substation,it raises higher requirements for optical cable types,connection and laying mode.Compared with characteristics of two kinds of optical fiber between 50/125 μm and 62.5/125 μm,taking into account the characteristics of data transmission and requirements in smart substation,it selects the appropriate multi-mode fiber.Based on the analysis of current problems in optical cable connection,ODC fiber cable component is put forward and cable connection optimization scheme is proposed;According to the disadvantages of cable trench,it puts forward the cable groove box in cable laying,which improves the construction efficiency.


The purposes of this study were to determine if the quantity of protein deposited (QPD) upon hydrogel lenses was affected by enzymatic cleaning and to test the potential relation between QPD and visible protein deposition (VPD) and change. Seventy-four contact lens patients classified as "heavy depositors" wore new lenses for an average of 80 (SD=32) days. Cleaning and disinfection solutions varied. One lens was cleaned weekly by a papain enzymatic treatment. The distribution of QPD measurements was bimodal and was related to the FDA material for nonionic, low water content lenses (FDA Materials Group no. 1). The mean deposition was 45 µg/cm2 (N=112) compared with that of ionic, high water content lenses (FDA Materials Group no. 4), which was 1010 µg/cm2 (N=30). VPD distributions were the same for the FDA Group no. 1 and no. 4 lenses. Enzymatic treatment did not significantly reduce QPD; however, enzymatic treatment did reduce VPD. Thus QPD and VPD are independent phenomena and possible reasons for this are given.


The invention discloses a direct memory access (DMA) sending method, which comprises the following steps of: 301, according to an application layer, determining the length and number of data packets which are sent in each period; 302, creating a descriptor for each data packet; 303, judging whether the descriptor is the first descriptor; 304, regarding the current descriptors as the head and tail of a new descriptor queue; 305, resetting a RUN bit in a context control register; 306, according to an active bit in the context control register, checking a result of the step 305; 307, writing the addresses of the descriptors into a link layer command pointer register; 308, setting the RUN bit in the context control register as 1; 309, judging whether sending of N data packets is finished; 310, reserving DMA sending descriptors in a centralized mode; and 311 to 314. By adoption of the DMA sending method, a plurality of data packets can be continuously sent, and transmission of high-capacity data is realized.