The anatomy of the middle ear is outlined for lizards in general and described in detail for Crotaphytus collaris (Iguanidae). By use of the alternating potentials of the cochlea, the general function of the middle ear in the reception of aerial sounds was determined by comparing the ear's sensitivity when the middle ear mechanism was intact with the sensitivity remaining when the columellar shaft was severed, thus eliminating the connection between the stapedial footplate and the more peripheral parts. This comparison was made under two conditions, with the sound applied in the usual way at the external auditory meatus and with the sound introduced through a tube sealed over the oval window. The loss of transmission observed under the first condition is complicated by the presence in the sound path of the nonfunctioning tympanic membrane and by an interaction of sound waves reaching both round and oval windows of the cochlea, but the second condition, in which these complications are avoided, reflects the true performance of the middle ear as a mechanical transformer. This transformer action was measured as 35 db on the average for tones between 300 and 4000 Hz, which is the region of best hearing for this lizard.

Further analysis of the operation of the tympanic mechanism was carried out by measurements of sensitivity before and after severing the connection between the internal process and the quadrate bone. These observations showed that the internal process makes little or no contribution to the ear's sensitivity. Other experiments performed with mechanical stimulation showed that the columellar system acts as a reduction lever, and the measurements gave a general indication of the amount of this lever action.

The pressure increase provided by the columellar lever, together with a still greater increase produced by the areal ratio between the effective surface of the tympanic membrane and the surface of the columellar footplate, can account in large part at least for the total transformer action. This action makes it possible for acoustic energy to be conveyed with great efficiency from the air to the relatively dense and stiff sensory elements of the cochlea. This problem of the matching of impedances between two media, and its solution by the use of a mechanical transformer, has long been studied in mammals, and especially in the cat, and the solution provided by the lizard's middle ear seems altogether as satisfactory as that provided by the structurally different ossicular mechanism of the mammals.


As a student, David Ainsley Watkins watched by night for bombs. After D Day, the students were sent to look after the returning casualties, a harrowing experience. After service in the Royal Air Force …


The world has entered the Internet + era as a result of the rapid development of information technology. To solve the current education crisis, universities and colleges must update their English curricula to reflect the demands of their students. Strengthening Internet + era awareness and reconstructing Internet + era resource advantages and technology advantages are both necessary given the Internet + era's characteristics. The current English teaching mode in colleges and universities has resulted in a number of positive changes, including a revitalization of college English instruction, the establishment of college English instruction that is better suited for the new era, and a significant increase in the efficiency with which college English instruction is carried out. The evaluation of English teachers in higher education classrooms is a hot topic right now. As a first step, it's important to note that both teachers and students care deeply about students' performance on the mandatory English examination. The rapid growth of distance network teaching using computers as its backbone has made it possible to present a wealth of video and audio teaching resources to students via the internet; this has helped to broaden the scope of online education and, in turn, advance the goals of digitalization, lifelong learning, and other reforms in the field of education. To begin, this article provides a concise summary of the issues of low efficacy, and inconsistent competence, as well as the discordant relationship between evaluation and instruction in contemporary college English.


Introduction: research on writing - a review, James Hartley Part 1 Computers in the classroom: a case study on collaborative writing, Collette Daiute a self-questioning strategy to increase young writers' revising processes, Collette Daiute annd Susan M.Zvacek teaching college composition with computers, Stephen Bernhardt and Penny Edwards, et al. Part 2 Computers and special circumstances: improving learning disabled students' skills at revising essays produced on word processors - self instructional strategy training, Steven Graham and Charles MacArthur the ALPHA interactive microcomputer system for teaching reading, writing and communication skills to hearing-impaired children, Philip Prinz and Elizabeth Pemberton, et al developing writing and word processing skills with visually impaired children - a beginning, Alan J.Koening and Catherine G.Mack, et al writing for prosperity - writing for senior citizens. Part 3 Writing for electronic text: designing electronic text - the role of print-based research, James Hartley adapting text presentations to media attributes - getting more out of getting less in CBI, Gary Morrison and Steven Ross, et al using stylesheets, templates and features of publishing software to facilitate the development of printed study materials, David Kember Hypertext principles for text and courseware design, David Jonassen. Part 4 Computer-aided writing - future trends: designinng idea processors for document composition, Ronald Kellogg creating intelligent environments for computer use in writing, Michael Sharples and Claire O'Mallley the future prospets of cognnitive writing technologies, Roy Pea and Midian Kurland.


We study a binary mixture of disk-shaped active run and tumble particles (ARNPs) and passive particles on a two-dimensional substrate. Both types of particles are athermal. The particles interact through the soft repulsive potential. The activity of ARNPs is controlled by tuning their tumbling rate. The system is studied for various sizes of passive particles keeping size of ARNPs fixed. Hence the variables are, size ratio (S) of passive particles and ARNPs, and activity of ARNPs is v. The characterstics dynamics of both ARNPs and passive particles show a crossover from early time ballistic to later time diffusive. Furthermore, we observed that passive particles dynamics changes from diffusive to subdiffusive with respect to their size. Moreover, late time effective diffusivity Deff of passive particles decreases with increasing their size as in the corresponding equilibrium Stokes systems. We calculated the effective tempratures, using Deff , Ta,eff (∆) and also using speed distribution Ta,eff (v) and compared them. The both Ta,eff (∆) and Ta,eff (v) increases linearly with activity and are in agreement with each other. Hence we can say that an effective equilibrium can be establish in such binary mixture. Our study can be useful to study the various biological systems like; dynamics of passive organels in cytoplasm, colloids etc.


The paper illustrates the characteristics of a procedure for evaluating the buckling and post-buckling behaviour and the influence of imperfections on reticulated and grid-shells structures. The presentation is composed by two steps: firstly, a simple way to comprehend the effects of initial imperfections by means of an "equivalent" fictitious load vector, acting on the ideal design structure, is presented. The fictitious load's characteristics are evaluated so to qualitatively reproduce the behaviour of an unknown structure, affected by an arbitrary distribution of small geometry variations with respect to the design structure. The second step allows to detect exactly the position of critical points and to trace the secondary equilibrium paths by means of a perturbation technique. Numerical examples illustrate the characteristics and performances of the approaches and suggest practical applications.


This study examines qualitative and quantitative differences between service expectations and perceived performance in the foodservice industry, using the profile accumulation technique. Parallel series of data were obtained for service performance perceptions from actual customers at two pizza restaurants. The three sets of data were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Results showed that customers structured their perceptions of the service into a common set of elements (termed aspects) and attached quality attributes to each of these elements. The three data series exhibited very similar dimensionalities in terms of both aspects and attributes of the service. Attributes were identified as satisfiers or dissatisfiers. In order to gain insight about their structure they were separately recoded using four different authors' lists of quality dimensions. The significance of their quantitative differences for positive and negative disconfirmation was also examined. Aspects and attributes were used to calculate matrices of quality metrics referring to both the "aspects" dimensions provided by respondents and the dimension lists of the four authors. The work demonstrates that it is possible to obtain and analyse customers' expectations and perceptions without making pre‐assumptions about them, and will therefore be of interest to managers and marketers of restaurants and other services.


. An extension of residual finiteness, residual finiteness with respect to nests, is demonstrated for certain subgroups of GL(n,Z), the polycyclic by finite groups. It is also shown that groups containing a free subgroup of rank greater than 1 cannot have the property. It is not settled whether or not there are other solvable by finite groups, subgroups allowed by Tits' theorem, that are residually finite with respect to nests.


Objective:To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Sanren Decoction.Methods:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups:normal group,model group,and high-,middle-and low-dose SD groups.A combined method (the combination of damp-heat environment,fatty sweet diet and pathogens) was used for the establishment of spleen-stomach damp-heat rat models.Radioimmunoassay was applied in detecting serum aldosterone (ALD) and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels.Results:Serum ALD and plasma ADH were much increased in the model group,and Sanren Decoction had an effect on decreasing the above indexes (P 0.05 or P 0.01)),Conclusion:The increase of serum ALD and plasma ADH is probably contributed to one of the pathogenesis of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Regulation of ALD and ADH levels is probably one if the mechanisms of Sanren Decoction in clearing heat and removing damp.


We go along a acute toxicity test of benthic fauna Bullacta exarata for about 24 hours in order to evaluate the effect of heavy metal Pb to benthic fauna in coastal tidal flat of Changjiang Estuary. The results show that the 24hLD 50 of Bullacta exarata is 0.275 g/L and the 24hLD is 11.5g/L. We analyze the heavy metals concentration of Bullacta exarata. Shows that the concentration of Pb in Bullacta exarata grows with the increasing concentration of Pb in experiment groups and the reconcentration of Pb in Bullacta exarata and that of experiment groups can be described by a cubic curve. The effect of the increase of Pb on Bullacta exarata is that the concentrations of Cu and Zn decrease first and then slowly recover at 4g/L . The effect of the increase of Pb on the concentration of Cr in Bullacta exarata is that the concentration of Cr has three peak values at 0.1, 1 and 8g/L. This shows that is a certain amount of coordination among the actions of the heavy metals in the benthic fauna.


An urban Rescue Mission was a source of challenging clients for registered nurse students in a baccalaureate program who needed to practice their newly learned assessment skills. The experience had reciprocal benefits for the students, the clients, and the cooperating Mission.


If you want to enhance your skills further to practice evidence-based medicine and weave it into your clinical teaching, rush out to buy the new edition of this popular handbook. Its international authors provide unique insights and practical strategies to use this approach in clinical problem solving during daily medical practice. This text is applicable to the needs of a wide range of learners, from medical students to clinician educators and practicing physicians.

Sackett DL, Strauss SE, Richardson WS, et al. Evidence-Based medicine:how to practice and teach EBM. Second edition. Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

Consistent with the first edition, it is still written in a comfortable conversational tone, and each chapter is peppered with helpful tables. Illustrative clinical examples appear throughout the book. 3 significant new improvements are a new organisational structure, a stronger section on teaching methods, and an accompanying CD.

The first few chapters address asking answerable clinical questions and specific search strategies to find the best available evidence. The closing chapter addresses self evaluation, including what …


A number of new glycosides and their acetates, principally β-glucosides, have been synthesized and their physical constants are reported. Certain limitations have been found to the application of the modified Helferich synthesis (Jermyn 1954).


Security and privacy on low-cost RFID deployments is focusing the attention of researchers due to the progressive adoption by retailers, making the RFID a real ubiquitous technology. Besides the retail sector, other logistics industries are starting to improve their processes with this technology like the postal companies, supposed to be one of the largest RFID sector. This paper is focused on the postal model of EPC RFID technology, and its security and privacy implications. We define a postal RFID threat context and propose measures to improve security and privacy in current RFID deployments.


Within more tan 10 years of application of the Self-Employment Statute Law, as the first specific protective framework for self-employment, a series of economic, social and labour transformations have been taking place, which have required its updating. Thus, at the end of 2017, Law 6/2017 of 24 October was enacted, which introduced important reforms. Along the same lines, Royal Decree-Law 28/2018, of 28 December, continues 1 year later. In a turn of 180 degrees with respect to the traditional voluntary and flexible configuration of the social protection of self-employment, both coverage for professional contingencies and for cessation of activity are defined as compulsory. On the other hand, the introduction of new technologies and the absence of a regulatory framework in this area has led to an influx of workers engaged in false self-employment, trying now to facilitate the work of the Labour and Social Security Inspection to detect them. Finally, the permanent Government's emphasis on the protection of self-employment brings, as a logical consequence, legal reforms to promote the enjoyment of economic aids. This study deals with the exhaustive analysis of the current regulatory framework under a critical view of the new features incorporated into our legal system.


The MIT iLab project has developed a distributed service infrastructure and software toolkit to support a scalable community of online laboratory experiments. The iLab shared architecture provides a framework for the development and deployment of remote laboratories using a three-tiered model based on Web services consisting of lab clients, service broker middleware, and lab servers. This simplifies the development of remote labs by providing reusable components for common lab administration functions. The initial focus of the iLab project was on hatched labs, which require no interactive control. Following the projectpsilas success in supporting these labs, it has expanded its efforts to include those requiring interactive control. Interactive labs require that the user have active control of lab instruments during the course of an experiment and can generate a large amount of data. In order to accommodate these requirements, the iLab shared architecture has been extended with a highly configurable lab resource scheduling service, a robust data storage system and support for high bandwidth communication between the lab client and server. By integrating these services into the iLab shared architecture, a more diverse set of educationally valuable labs can now be easily deployed online and shared around the world.


Core characteristics of the stable a/2 〈111〉 edge dislocation in α‐iron are presented for three two‐body interatomic potentials, and the importance of properly defining boundary conditions is demonstrated. The boundary requirements adopted for this analysis are as follows: (i) The coordinate of the dislocation line along the axis parallel to the burgers vector is such that, above and below the slip plane, the lattice to the right and left of the extra half‐planes of atoms forming the dislocation is symmetric. (ii) The coordinate of the dislocation line in the direction perpendicular to the slip plane is such that the slope of the strain energy curve in the linear region of the lattice agrees with the slope in the continuum. (iii) The positions of atoms at the lattice‐continuum interface are made to agree with the predictions of linear elasticity theory. Four interatomic potentials are examined, one of which is shown to be unsatisfactory. Results with the other three potentials are quite reasonable. Core r...


OBJECTIVE
Metformin (Met) can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, its effects on multiple myeloma and action mechanisms have been not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of metformin on human myeloma cells U266.

METHODS
U266 cells were treated with different concentration of Met, the MTT was used to detect cell proliferation, the PI staining was used to detect the cell cycle, and the protein expression of BCL-2 family and the release of cytochrome C were assessed by Western blot.

RESULTS
Metformin could inhibit the proliferation of U266 cell in a time- and concentration- dependent manner. The U266 cells were arrested in G1/G0 phase after metformin treatment for 48 h, as compared with non-treated U266 cells. The proteins expression of BCL-2 and BCL-XL was down-regulated and the protein expression of BAX was up-regulated. The released of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm was increased, and protein splicing of PARP was also enhanced.

CONCLUSION
Metformin can inhibit the cell proliferation and induce U266 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.


A prototype system for a Chesapeake Bay Environmental Observatory (CBEO) is under development by a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the domains of environmental engineering, marine science, hydrology, ecology, and computer science. The vision is to provide new means of coupling and synthesizing field sampled and model generated data in a way that will open up new data sources to researchers and managers interested in understanding and resolving some currently unanswered questions and problems concerning hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay. It will do so by developing advanced cyberinfrastructure to provide uniform nationwide access to new tools and a wide variety of data of disparate type, scale, and resolution, in both spatial and temporal domains, including model-derived data from past runs of major computational models for Chesapeake Bay hydrodynamics and water quality. Some key goals of the prototype project are to resolve the existing data source heterogeneities such that all relevant data are ac...


Czochralski growth of cm size decagonal AlCoNi single crystals from Al-rich high-temperature solutions is described using native seeds oriented parallel to all symmetrically different crystal directions. Morphological observations allow first hints with respect to anisotropic growth rates. But only classical detachment experiments according to the original idea of Jan Czochralski reveal quantitative results of kinetically limited growth rates. Geometric conditions of wetted plane interfaces as well as aspects of constitutional supercooling affect the detachment experiments. Thus, in only one specific orientation of the decagonal quasicrystal quantitative data for the maximum growth rate could be obtained.


Purpose: To report a case of Mycobacterium abscessus infection of the conjunctiva after phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methods: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Results: A 72 year old Korean gentleman developed focal nodular conjunctival injection and irritation six weeks after cataract surgery. After failure of topical therapy with steroids, antibiotics, lubricants and anti-inflammatories, a biopsy was taken. Histological examination revealed noncaseating granulomas within which were clusters of acid-fast bacilli, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium abscessus. Empirical therapy consisted of clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin. When antibiotic susceptibility test results revealed that the isolate was resistant to rifampicin, it was replaced by ciprofloxacin. The patient received a total of 16 weeks of oral antimycobacterial treatment and the conjunctivitis completely resolved. A month later the patient still had some ocular discomfort. On slit lamp examination there was suspicion of recurrence of the infection, and topical ciprofloxacin was recommenced for a further month. At final follow-up there was no evidence of infection and the patient was symptom-free. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of non-tuberculous or 'atypical' mycobacterial infection of the conjunctiva occuring after cataract surgery. Reports of non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis, endophthalmitis and periocular infections are reviewed.


Relationship between green building project stakeholders at different stages in the whole life cycle constitutes a complex network, and the stakeholders' relationship at different stages can be coordinated through project governance at the organisation level, so as to promote green building large-scale popularisation and application. This paper, firstly, screens the green building projects stakeholders through the literature research, and then identifies green building projects key stakeholders at different stages in the whole life cycle, in order to project more targeted governance. Secondly, this paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to measure green building project key stakeholders network organisation relations, to analyse the mutual influence among key stakeholders. Finally, combining with social network analysis results, this paper puts forward different governance solution at the decision-making phase, implementation phase and usage phase of green building projects.


In the process of wastewater treatment (WWT), the instability and hysteresis of the chemical dosing cannot make sure the stability of the water quality. At the same time, chemicals were wasted or overdosed in the process. In this study, we proposed a self learning algorithm, which based on the regression method modified using the data value lifecycle model to computer the accurate quantity of chemical dosing. The mechanisms of discard and cultivation data were established to make it alive in the algorithm. The algorithm is self learning according to the wastewater characteristics as the time goes on using the mechanism. We can make sure the quality of the wastewater is stability and economical by using the artificial intelligence. The experiment approves that the artificial intelligence algorithm was useful and economical to chemical dosing of wastewater treatment.


SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism) molecular markers were used to detect the genetic diversity of 31 accessions of Medicago varia Martyn.from China(Xinjiang),Kazakhstan,and Poland,etc.in May 2009.The objectives of this research were to explore the genetic variation and relationship among M.varia accessions from Central Asia,Europe,and other regions and provide a theoretical basis for its breeding and rational utilization.The results show: a total of 179 bands were detected in 17 pairs of primer combinations,8.41 polymorphic bands in average were amplified for each pair of primers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) was 79.89%.The Nei′s genetic similarity coefficient of the tested accessions ranged from 0.59 to 0.874 and the average was 0.723.These results suggest that there is a rich genetic diversity with the Xinjiang resources in comparison with those from Central Asia and Europe.UPGMA cluster analysis indicates the tested materials could be divided into 3 groups,and the materials from China(Xinjiang) were gathered in the first group and third group;they were rich in the genetic variation and had a close phylogenetic relationship with those from Central Asia.Moreover,the phylogenetic relationship among different M.varia accessions was closely related to the geographic environment.


The development of hydrogen storage alloy is the key for utilizing of hydrogen energy.Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy,as a new type of hydrogen storage material,is attracting researchers' attention in the world because its discharge capacity is extremely high.The paper expounds the electrochemical characteristics of Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy comprehensively,introduces the research advance of the alloys at home and abroad,and summarizes several main preparation methods,including preparation process,influence factors,characters,advantages and disadvantages.


Background and Aims. Ensemble machine learning (ML) methods can combine many individual models into a single "super" model using an optimal weighted combination. Here we demonstrate how an underutilized ensemble model, the superlearner, can be used as a benchmark for model performance in clinical risk prediction. We illustrate this by implementing a superlearner to predict liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods. We trained a superlearner based on 23 demographic and clinical variables, with the goal of predicting stage 2 or higher liver fibrosis. The superlearner was trained on data from the Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis - clinical research network observational study (NASH-CRN, n=648), and validated using data from participants in a randomized trial for NASH (FLINT trial, n=270) and data from examinees with NAFLD who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, n=1244). We compared the performance of the superlearner with existing models, including FIB-4, NFS, Forns, APRI, BARD and SAFE. Results. In the FLINT and NHANES validation sets, the superlearner (derived from 12 base models) discriminates patients with significant fibrosis from those without well, with AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.84) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68-0.79). Among the existing scores considered, the SAFE score performed similarly to the superlearner, and the superlearner and SAFE scores outperformed FIB-4, APRI, Forns, and BARD scores in the validation datasets. A superlearner model derived from 12 base models performed as well as one derived from 90 base models. Conclusions. The superlearner, thought of as the "best-in-class" ML prediction, performed better than most existing models commonly used in practice in detecting fibrotic NASH. The superlearner can be used to benchmark the performance of conventional clinical risk prediction models.


ABSTRACT Neighborhood decline and the resulting erosion of the urban housing stock in the U.S. are typically viewed as products of forces beyond the control of cities. Yet if urban neighborhoods have the characteristics of a commons, homeowners and landlords may adopt strategic behaviors that lead to a cycle of disinvestment in the housing stock, followed by abandonment. Low-income neighborhoods may be especially vulnerable to this dynamic. If decline is a tragedy of the commons, it is potentially avertible by neighborhood collective action. Using principles drawn from research on common-pool resources, we develop a mode of analysis applicable to the neighborhood commons and apply it to an illustrative case on Buffalo's West Side. Because collective action among neighbors is largely tacit, not based on explicit agreements, it tends to be driven by individual perceptions. The analysis suggests ways to reverse the disinvestment cycle by facilitating collective action: fostering a shared sense of neighborhood responsibility among residents; strategically using neighborhood improvements to alter perceptions and thereby leverage reinvestment in the housing stock; and securing effective neighborhood access to legitimate means of coercion for the enforcement of housing rules. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 412 I. Succession and Decline: Previous Research 415 II. Is the Neighborhood a Commons? 417 III. An Illustrative Case on Buffalo's West Side 423 IV. Governing the Neighborhood Commons 430 A. Principle 1: Clear Boundaries 431 B. Principle 2: Proportional Sharing of Benefits and Costs 432 C. Principles 3 and 4: Rule Making and Monitoring 432 D. Principle 5: Available Sanctions 433 E. Principle 6: Conflict Resolution 433 F. Principle 7: External Recognition 434 G. Principle 8: Nested Organization 434 V. Facilitating Collective Action 435 A. Obstacles to Neighborhood Responsibility 437 1. Incentives 437 2. Isolation 437 3. Boundaries of Responsibility 438 4. The Law of Trespass 439 5. A Punitive Sense of Justice 440 B. Leveraging Investment 441 C. Obtaining Enforcement 442 Conclusion 448 INTRODUCTION Neighborhood decline is a long-standing, perplexing problem in urban America, (1) resulting in an ongoing deterioration of the housing stock, much of it abandoned and eventually demolished. (2) Despite promising indications of urban revival at the turn of the century, (3) the erosion of the housing stock has continued at an alarming rate. Brookings reports that vacant housing increased by 4.5 million units, or forty-four percent, from 2000 to 2010, with vacancies concentrated in older, industrial cities: "[b]oarded houses, abandoned factories and apartment buildings, and vacant storefronts are a common part of the landscape in large cities like Detroit, Buffalo, and Philadelphia, and a host of smaller cities." (4) Explanations of neighborhood decline have focused largely on factors beyond the control of cities: an aging housing stock, suburbanization, and poverty. (5) The standard model of neighborhood decline is based on income succession: as neighborhoods age, lower-income residents succeed higher-income residents who depart for newer housing elsewhere, leaving behind a housing stock increasingly costly to maintain. (6) Whether as renters or homeowners, a succession of lower-income residents is less and less able to generate income sufficient to maintain the housing stock. …


In this study, double-diffusive natural convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer with internal heat under local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNM) is studied analytically. The study has been carried out based on using linear stability analysis. The linear stability analysis is based on normal mode technique. The modified Darcy model for the viscoelastic fluid of the Maxwell type is used to govern the momentum equation. A two-field model for energy equation has been applied for fluid and solid phases. The onset criterion for stationary convection has been derived analytically. The effects of inter-phase heat transfer coefficient and internal heat parameter on the stability of the system are investigated.


The philosophy of a simple data structure for handling data for finite element analyses is described. The technique is advocated as an efficient way of handling finite element data and of communicating between programs using the data.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for interworking data and a data interworking system are provided to simplify a LVC(Live-Virtual-Constructive) interworking system by using a data interworking apparatus for a multi interface conversion. CONSTITUTION: A receiver(210) receives data from at least one data transmission terminal. A mapping unit(220) includes a discriminating unit, a searching unit, and a data mapping unit. The discriminating unit determines a mapping rule for mapping the received data. The searching unit searches a data transmission and reception rule between a data transmission terminal and a data reception terminal. The data mapping unit maps the received data according to the mapping rule. An interworking data generator generates interworking data by changing the resolution of the mapped data. A transmitter(240) transmits the generated interworking data to the corresponding data receiving terminal.


Box - Jenkins seasonal model is applied in this study to records of mean flow to Haditha reservoir in the middle west of Iraq for period from water year 1999/2000 to water year 2008/2009 .


In high precision digital m easurem ent of power electrical parameters,the synchronous error is one of the main factors that cause measuring errors while sam pling period adjustment is an im portant m eans of reducing synchronous errors. In this paper,based on an investigation of traditional methods for adjusting the sam pling period,som e novel methods,such as sampling period optim ization,sectional adjustment and dynamic adjustment,are proposed. These new methods are easy to realize and can be widely applied. Com pared with the traditional ones,the new methods can m ore effectively reduce synchronous errors and im prove m easuring accuracy. Their feasibility and effectiveness have been proved by both simulation results and research practice.


UNDP Rio +20 summit in 2012 evolved a set of indicators to realise the targets of SDGs within a deadline. Measurement of the performances under these goals has followed the methodology as developed by UNDP which is nothing but the simple average of performances of the indicators under different domains. This work concludes that this methodology to measure the goal-wise as well as the composite performances is suffering from major shortcomings and proposes an alternative using the ideas of artificial intelligence. Here it is accepted that the indicators under different goals are inter-related and hence constructing index through simple average is misleading. Moreover the methodologies under the existing indices have failed to assign weights to different indicators. This work is based on secondary data and the goal-wise indices have been determined through normalised sigmoid functions. These goal-wise indices are plotted on a radar and the area of the radar is treated as measure under composite SDG performance. The whole work is presented through an artificial neural network. Observed that the goal-wise index as developed and tested here has shown that the UNDP as well as NITI Aayog index has delivered exaggerated values of goal-wise as well as composite performances.


It has been thoroughly documented that low back pain is often associated with deregulated biological function and compromised mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc. Therefore, intervertebral disc mechanics have long been thought of as important factors both in driving cell-mediated processes involved in degeneration and in distinguishing between healthy versus degenerate discs. The nucleus pulposus is an integral part of the mechanics of the disc, the key property being its ability to pressurize to resist and distribute compressive stress to the annulus fibrosus and the endplates. There has been a history of intradiscal pressure measurements in cadaveric as well as large animal studies; however, these studies have focused on the consequences of degeneration or the change in stress distribution by varying spinal orientations. In order to be able to relate local stresses induced in discs to changes in cellular function, such pressure measurements must be obtained from an animal model amenable to chronic disc loading. Rat tail discs have been one widely used laboratory model, but the discs are too small for measuring load-induced nucleus pressures using current sensor technology.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


In this paper,the development level of rice agriculture and the abandoned reason of paddy fields in the Tianluoshan Site,a typical representative of Hemudu culture,are systematically discussed,based on the geochemical analyses of soil organic matter in the site.The study results show that in the Hemudu period,the development and management of paddy fields were still in the initial stage,characterized by primary swamp type.Based on carbon preference index,non-emergent aquatic plants input index,average chain length and algae input index of sedimentary organic matter,totally indicate that the increase of algae and other aquatic organism input in the soil organic matter of tillage area is chiefly due to gradual deepening of the water during the period ranging from late Hemudu period to late Liangzhu period.It is inferred that the water deepening around living area is probably direct reason that caused the abandonment of rice fields,and even led to the decline of the whole site.


Twelve G. hirsutum genotypes and 14 G. barbadense genotypes were studied for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed cotton yield, halo length, ginning outturn, lint index, seed index, bolls per plant and boll weight. In G. hirsutum cotton, LRA 5166 and TKH 4–3 were superior for seed cotton yield, MCU 5, MCU 9 and MCU 11 were superior for halo length and RKR 4145 and HLS 321729 were superior for ginning outtum. In G. barbadense cotton, BCS 9–95 and TCB 87-6 were superior for seed cotton yield; IMS 0721, IMS 2722 and Suvin were superior for halo length and TCB 87-6, BCS 23-18-7 and RBS 85 were superior for ginning outturn. These genotypes could be exploited by inter-varietal hybridization within the species (pedigree breeding) for evolving a superior variety or by interspecies hybridization hetween the species (heterosis breeding) for developing a superior interspecific hybrid combining high yield and good fibre quality.


The potential deleterious effects on steam generator materials of construction associated with the conversion from phosphate chemistry control to the now widely accepted All Volatile Treatment (AVT) method was evaluated in a model boiler test. The test initiated operation on phosphate chemistry and subsequently changed to AVT chemistry control and utilized a source of condenser cooling water which produces acidic conditions. After 272 days of steaming (45 days with phosphate and 227 days with faulted AVT chemistry control plus synthetic corrosion product additions) at steam generator secondary temperatures and pressures, the unit was destructively examined. Total chloride exposure was 1981 ppM chloride days. Non-protective magnetite growth which resulted in tube denting was observed within the carbon steel drilled support plate annuli. Significant pitting of ferritic 405 stainless steel drilled plate and 409 stainless steel eggcrate system was also observed; neither of these support systems corroded to the point where tube denting occurred. No corrosion of the heat transfer tube surfaces was noted. Deposit analysis indicate an accumulation of typical sea salt and synthetic corrosion products in steam blanketed areas. Utilizing prototypic commercial steam generator thermal hydraulic and chemistry conditions, steam generator tube denting and carbon steel drilled support plate deformationmore » can be duplicated under laboratory conditions. Under comparable test conditions, 405 and 409 stainless steels have been shown to be more resistant to non-protective magnetite formation than carbon steel.« less


Sequential solvent extraction of coal with a series of increasingly better solvents (Toluene, THF, DMF, Pyridine) has been used to examine the effect of artificial weathering on several Illinois coals. A similar method with a different set of solvents was recently employed by Kister, et al. on a low-rank French coal. In both cases, each extract is soluble in all later solvents and analysis of the entire set of extracts produces more information than extraction with a single solvent. Because extracts so isolated have experienced some fractionation and concentration, FT-IR and GPC analyses of the extracts often reveal subtle changes due to chemical treatment, such as weathering, not obvious from analysis of the whole coals. The availability of premium coals is an opportunity for many laboratories to study the effects of both coal rank and coal weathering on a variety of properties of the same coals. Changes in sequential solvent extraction, FT-IR spectra of extracts and residues, GPC analyses of extracts, and solvent swelling of residues brought about by weathering of five Argonne Premium Coals are the subject of this paper.


During the past 6 years, 94 patients have been explored in the neck for endarterectomy of the carotid bifurcation and/or the first portion of the vertebral artery., Of these, 16 had a complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the time of the endarterectomy, 72 had varying degrees of stenosis of the carotid bifurcation, and 6 were examples of involvement of the first portion of the vertebral artery in which 4 were treated by endarterectomy; endarterectomy was deemed inadvisable at the time of exploration in the other 2 because of the small size of the


To explore the giant embryos of Japonica rice to improve the quality of seedlings method,With conventional Japonica rice Hexi-22-2 as control,the experiment of water stress was conducted by using different concentrations(0,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%) of PEG-6000 with Japonica giant embryo rice Xi-giant Embryo-1 to study the characters of seedling quality.The results indicated that different experimental methods made a great difference in results.The treatment that culture with different concentration PEG water after 24 hours water seed soaking were not conducive to seedling growth.With increasing concentration of PEG,the growth vigor of seedling became weak,and the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in seedling leaf was increased,but the root activity of seedling was decreased.The super oxide dimutese(SOD)activity was increased under light or moderate water stress and was downtrend under heavy water stress.Under the treatment that water culture after 24 hours seed soaking with the concentration PEG water below 15%,the germination and the growth of seedling and seedling formation were promoted,the soluble protein content in seedling leaf was decreased,and the activity SOD root was increased;but the germination,the growth of seedling and seedling formation,the SOD activity and root activity were inhabited when higher concentration of PEG than 15%.The seedling of Japonica Giant Embryo Rice Xi-giant Embryo-1 was enhanced under the treatment that water culture after 24 hours seed soaking with 5%~15% concentration PEG.


An SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) measuring system and method are provided to measure the change of SAR while operating electronic products, such as a cellular phone, for a predetermined time according to a set pattern. An SAR measuring system is composed of a simulated body(2) comprising a simulated tissue(4) made from uniform materials correspondent to the electrical characteristic of a human tissue and an outer skin(3) produced same as the anatomic shape of the human body to contain the simulated tissue; plural measuring modules(20) aligned in the simulated body in a predetermined pattern and composed of a control unit processing measurement values for SAR and information about the position, a memory unit storing data, and an antenna unit transmitting and receiving a signal to/from the outside; and a measurement controller(10) communicating with the measuring modules to download and process the data stored in the memory unit of the measuring module. The control unit comprises a processor executing a programmed control command; a DC(Direct Current) rectifier generating induction power by using a portion of a frequency signal received through the antenna unit and applying driving power to the measuring module by rectifying the induction power; and a data converter converting the measured signal and the signal processed in the processor into a digital signal.


The article reveals the organization of modular training in professional and vocational-technical education. The peculiarities of modular training are also highlighted. It has been proven that professional training needs modular technologies, as it is a flexible technology for organizing professional training. Research by scientists has characterized the technology of modular learning as a generalization of the experience of other theories and concepts of the educational process, the integration of everything innovative in pedagogical theory and practice.
The most rational ways of developing the system of professional education and vocational training based on modular technologies and their varieties are characterized. The importance of the development of vocational training in Ukraine based on the mentioned technologies is emphasized. It has been proven that the practice of organizing education in professional (vocational-technical) institutions should be based on various forms of modular technologies.
It is noted that the formation of the content of educational programs of education seekers should be developed according to the modular-block principle, which will allow implementing an individual approach, ensuring the flexibility of information presentation, to select the content of education taking into account the results of the entrance control of knowledge and skills of education seekers.
It is noted that in Ukraine it is necessary to create such a system of professional training that would provide unique knowledge in the field of science, would be effective, demonstrate a high level of quality of the educational process, management of educational institutions, would ensure high results of educational and practical activities of education seekers and would be complementary requirements labor market in relation to knowledge, skills, competencies, qualifications. For this purpose, it is necessary to implement widely modular technologies.


Jacob Neusner is University Professor, Professor of Religious Studies, and Ungerleider Distinguished Scholar of Judaic Studies at Brown University. To spell out for you' what has happened in the study of the ancient rabbinic texts, I have to introduce the texts and their problems. For without knowing the questions, of what use to you are the answers? And yet my task is to speak of texts which few in biblical studies have actually studied or even read in translation. Introducing work in a field essentially unknown to my audience requires a special effort from that audience. What I must ask is that you undertake a mental experiment. You must use your imagination to build a bridge from the known to the unknown. What I wish to do is to lead you to a picture of what would be our problem in studying early Christianity, if the sources of early Christianity had reached us in the way, and in the condition, in which those of early rabbinic Judaism come down to us. That is to say, what should we know, and how should we know it, if the records of early Christianity were like the rabbinic literature of late antiquity? What could we know, if all the literature of early Christianity had reached us in a fully homogenized and intellectually seamless form? Not only the New Testament, but all the works of the church fathers, from Justin to Augustine, would then be represented as expressions of one communal mind, dismembered and built into a single harmonious logical structure on various themes. It is true that they would be shown constantly


In this paper, we study the expected density of progress for wireless ad hoc networks with Nakagami-m fading. The expected density of progress is defined as expectation of the product between the number of simultaneous successful transmission per unit area and the distance towards the destination. By considering three next hop receiver (RX) selection strategies, i.e., nearest RX selection strategy, random RX selection strategy and furthest RX selection strategy, we derive the closed-form expressions to the expected density of progress. Numerical results show that, when the terminal density is small, the expected density of progress with nearest RX selection strategy is nearly the same as that with furthest RX selection strategy, and the expected density of progress with random RX selection strategy is the lowest; when the terminal density is larger, the nearest RX selection strategy has the largest expected density of progress, and furthest RX selection strategy has the smallest expected density of progress.


Cutaneous plasmacytosis is a rare dermatosis that is classically characterized by the presence of multiple papules and reddish- -brown nodules mainly in the trunk. It most commonly affects elderly Asians, with few reports in Caucasians and young patients. On histopathology there is a polyclonal proliferation of mature plasm cells. The objective of this report is to present a case of atypical manifestation of this rare disease, both due to clinical and epidemiological aspects.


We study the exciton emission from ensembles of uncoated and plasmonic gold/aluminum quinoline (Alq3) coated GaAs-AlGaAs-GaAs core-shell nanowires (NWs) and GaN nanorods using time-integrated (TI) as well as time resolved (TR) photoluminescence (PL). The ~ 150nm diameter zincblende NWs were grown on GaAs substrate using the Au catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid method. The wurtzite GaN nanorods of ~ 250nm diameter were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Plasmonic NWs and nanorods were coated with a nominally 10nm thick gold film without or with a several nanometer thick Alq3 interlayer by organic molecular beam deposition.


What is the central question of this study? Do alterations in thyroid status affect haemodynamic parameters and echocardiographic measurements in the rat postnatal heart, and calcium handling, contractility, relaxation and cardiolipin content in isolated rat cardiomyocytes? What is the main finding and its importance? An imbalance in phospholipids of the mitochondrial membrane such as cardiolipin is related to defects in mitochondrial function. T3‐dependent cardiolipin signals contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and involve Ca2+ handling, this pathway being more important in hypothyroidism.


While fasting, physiological changes and limitations which vary along time and energetic reserves from each individual are produced. This changes and their identifying parameters are described.


Based on the actual situation, this paper summarizes and analyzes the key points of eco-city planning in urban planning and design, and hopes to provide help to researchers in related fields after the discussion.


This study examines the use of courseware to teach feedback control systems material to undergraduate mechanical and aerospace engineering students. Courseware for teaching the frequency response portion of the course was developed using Asymetrix Multimedia Toolbox and subsequently tested on a third year (Junior) level class. Academic results and attitudes of the students were examined and statistically compared to those of a control group. It was found that there was very little difference in the academic results and attitudes of students in the computer group and students in the lecture group. In addition, the effectiveness of the courseware was not related to students' previous computer experience. A cost analysis indicated that in most scenarios the use of courseware to teach control systems would be more costly than traditional lectures.


This note provides a detailed computation of the Ext-algebra for a very specific finite dimensional algebra, namely a Brauer tree algebra associated to a line, with no exceptional vertex. Such algebras appear for example as the principal p-block of the symmetric group Sp, and in a different context, as blocks of the Verlinde categories Verp2 studied by Benson–Etingof in [2] (our computation is actually motivated by [2, Conj. 1.3]). Let us emphasise that Ext-algebras for more general biserial algebras were explicitly computed by Green–Schroll–Snashall–Taillefer in [4], but under some assumption on the multiplicity of the the vertices, assumption which is not satisfied for the simple example treated in this note. Other general results relying on Auslander– Reiten theory were obtained by Antipov–Generalov [1] and Brown [3]. However we did not manage to use their work to get an explicit description in our case. Nevertheless, the simple structure of the projective indecomposable modules for the line allows a straightforward approach using explicit projective resolutions of simple modules. The Poincaré series for the Ext-algebra is given in Proposition 2.2 and its structure as a path algebra with relations is given in Proposition 3.2.


The purposes of this study were (a) to examine the diagnostic utility of reading from text for distinguishing students with general reading disabilities from those whose reading deficits are related to background knowledge in specific content areas, and (b) to establish the educational utility of these two subgroups. Participants were 121 students (71 male and 50 female) in the 10th grade who were participating in a larger study to examine the contribution of reading to the academic success of secondary students. Students first completed a background-knowledge vocabulary test. Then they read aloud from English and science texts, studied and answered multiple-choice questions based on the selected texts, and finally read aloud from the texts again. The discrepancy between student performance in reading aloud from the prestudy English and science texts was utilized to formulate two subgroups: students with general reading deficits defined by low reading scores in both English and science, and students with content-specific deficits defined by reading scores in English that were substantially higher than in science. Results of the discrepancy analysis yielded a group of 33 students with general deficits and 6 students with content-specific deficits. To examine the educational utility of these groups, content-specific and matched general-deficit groups were compared on their poststudy reading performances of the science passage. Poststudy reading scores for the content-specific group were significantly higher than for the general-deficit group, suggesting that students in the content-specific group benefited more from study of the text than did students in the general-deficit group. Additional analyses supported the hypothesis that the content-specific deficits were due to a lack of background knowledge. Results lend support to the possibility that reading from text can be used by teachers as a diagnostic tool to identify educationally relevant subtypes of students with learning difficulties in the content areas.


The Kimberley Bioregion (NW Australia) is characterised by the largest macrotides of any tropical region in the world (about 11 m), frequent tropical cyclones and high-turbidity. Despite these challenging environmental conditions, the region is also known for extensive and diverse intertidal coral reef habitats. While the area has been recognised as an international biodiversity hotspot, it is still poorly investigated compared to other reefal ecosystems in Australia, primarily due to its extreme remoteness and lack of infrastructure. A combination of remote sensing, sub-bottom profiling and associated sedimentological work produced a geodatabase of coral reefs, providing the first detailed geospatial study of coral reefs within the bioregion. More than 800 reefs have been documented and a regional reef geomorphic classification scheme, which includes a new "high intertidal" geomorphic class of reef, was developed. Reef coring shows that reef growth began soon after the post-glacial flooding of the antecedent substrate. High-resolution seismic data, acquired along selected reefs, showed that pre-existing substrate has influenced the successive reef morphology. Global sea-level changes, controlled by ice age fluctuation events, are recorded as successive stages of the reef growth, separated by growth hiatuses. Two seismic reflectors can be distinguished, marking the boundaries between Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 1, last 12,000, 10-20 m thick) and Last Interglacial (MIS5, 125,000 BP, 12 m thick) reefs and an ancient Neoproterozoic rock foundation.


Abstract An apparatus is described for delivering bipolar pulsed magnetic-field gradients of varying amplitude and duration for NMR self-diffusion measurements. Unlike previous designs, this gradient driver precisely regulates the total charge delivered to the gradient coil independent of coil inductance and resistance. This allows for matching of the read- and write-gradient pulses within 10 ppm, which is necessary to accurately obtain the echo maximum. Experimental and calculated normalized signals for various read-write-gradient mismatches illustrate how small mismatches can result in significant signal reduction (8% signal loss for a 33 ppm mismatch between 312 G/cm; 3 ms read-write-gradient pulses). Results and observations indicate that this instrument, contrary to others, obtains the maximum signal when the read and write gradients are matched.


Radiation myelopathy is a well-known complication of irradiation therapy of neoplasms in the vicinity of the spinal cord. In the case presented myelopathy developed after therapeutic Co 60 irradiation of lingual carcinoma on the background of spinal vasculo-dysraphic malformation. The pathogenetic mechanism of necrotic myelopathy in this case is discussed.


The invention relates to a method for wrapping an electrical unit, said electrical unit is connected to a lead frame and double jacketed. The invention further relates to an associated electrical component.


The article focuses on existing requirements to corporations' reporting and substantiation of main tasks for Ukrainian enterprises in relation to implementation of present-day models of informing the society about their performance from the point of view of fullness and maximum informative value. It clears up the particulars of formation of financial, consolidated and integrated statements of the entity, determines the requirements imposed to each type of statements in modern conditions. Differences in preparation of statements by foreign and Ukrainian entities are defined that enables to substantiate the target to improve reporting of national corporations for the purposes of unification with international requirements. It is found that opportunities of financial reporting improvement are limited to a certain extent, consequently, the increase in informative value of reporting is resolved at the expense of increase in the list of reporting forms including through preparation of integrated statements. The article concludes that improvement of reporting is primarily related to necessity to understand the role, which a single entity plays in the social and economic development of the country.


apua is the eastern end of Indonesia, who inhabited the coastal areas to the mountains with abundant diversity of archaeological remains, both from the Pleistocene to the Holocene. From the research that has been conducted by the Institute for Archaeology Jayapura, the cultural remains of Pleistocene danholosen in the Mountains High. These sites include the area in the district of Mount Tukum Jayawijaya. Research in the area surrounding Mount Tukum and there are a number of archaeological remains in the form of natural cave site, location of cutting pork, pork burning locations and there are a number of artifacts that human bones, handheld axe Baliem types I, II, pelandas stone materials, stone axe makers of materials quartz sand, stone and granite grindstones. Based on the survey to review the components of the environment there is still a gap which still has not found a review of biological components (ecofak) that characterizes the end of life plestosen. But characterize some of the artifacts found at the pattern of human life during the Holocene.


A topical treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension comprising an activator composition of PA-1 selected from the group consisting â- naphthoflavone, tert-butylhydroquinone, haloperidol and 3-methylcholanthrene and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


Based on the change of the system of Auto-programme of Curriculum Timetable, discussed and presents some thoughts about the re-developing on the agile development.


We have reexamined the accurate specific heat data of Barnes and Hake on the extreme type-II classical superconducting alloy Ti--16 at. % Mo to see if the effects of fluctuations can be seen. We show that the zero-magnetic-field data near ${T}_{c}$ can be described by a singular term of the form \ensuremath{\Vert}${T}_{c}$-T${\ensuremath{\Vert}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. This is the same result found for the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor and that expected from a model involving Gaussian fluctuations considered by Thouless and by Aslamazov and Larkin. Also we find that, above a certain magnetic field defined by Landau and Lifshitz, the data scale according to relations derived by Douglass.


In this paper we consider a FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) system employing OQPSK modulations (Offset Quaternary Phase Shift Keying) with quasi-constant envelope. To increase the overall spectral efficiency we consider spectral overlapping between different frequency channels. We present an iterative frequency-domain receiver with parallel multiuser detection. Our performance results show that our receiver is able to cope with the strong ACI levels (Adjacent Channel Interference) inherent to spectral overlapping, as well as with the interference between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the OQPSK signals, even for severely time-dispersive channels.


Using works of Ukrainian writers M. Ivchenko, V.Polischuk and P.Tychyna, it, is stated in the article that the
culture of Ukrainian baroque and it's bright representative, philosopher and poet Hryhoriy Scovoroda, were present
in difficult and multidimensional discourse of modern literature of XX с.


Abstract Using alternating current in an electrocoagulation process offers an alternative to conventional electrocoagulation processes, where the direct current is used. The main objective of the present investigation is to study the effects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) on the removal efficiency of arsenate by electrocoagulation using magnesium as anode and cathode. The effect of current density, solution pH, temperature, co-existing ions, adsorption isotherm and kinetics has been studied. The optimum removal efficiency of 98.3% and 97.9% was achieved with the energy consumption of 0.724 and 1.035 kWh/m3 at a current density of 0.2 A/dm2, at pH of 7.0 for AC and DC, respectively. The adsorption of arsenate preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules for both AC and DC. The adsorption process follows second-order kinetics model with good correlation coefficient. Temperature studies showed that adsorption was endothermic and sp...


Phyllosticta antirrhini was cultured on 16 carbon compounds and 18 nitrogen compounds to determine the effect of nutrition on pycnidium formation. Nutrition influenced: (1) whether or not pycnidia form, (2) the number of pycnidia produced, ranging from 0.5 to 44.9 per 1.3 mm2 field, (3) the diameter of the pycnidia, ranging from 63.0 tim to 191.0 ,lm, (4) the time requirement for pycnidial primordia to develop, ranging from 2 da to over 3 wk, and (5) the concentration of spores within the pycnidia. While all carbon compounds (except ethanol) supported pycnidium formation when present in low concentration, 50% did not support pycnidium formation at a high concentration. When a carbon source produced pycnidia at both concentrations, the pycnidia were usually more prolific, larger in diameter and slower to mature at the high carbon level. Among the nitrogen compounds, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 produced the largest pycnidia and their primordia developed within 3 da of plating. The ontogeny of the developing pycnidial primordia does not appear to be influenced by nutrition.


In the 21st century, it is an information age where individuals and organizations use computers to work and they commonly use email to chat with each other, share knowledge or their wishes or discuss business. However, in this context, spam is harassing our lives. Spam is a type of email that is delivered to lots of numbers of recipients without asking them for their wishes. Spam wastes our time reading useless messages and takes up our email addresses and network traffic. The problem of spam has become increasingly important and is growing over the years. The emergence of machine learning technology can simulate human intelligence. Use machine learning to identify the construct of pictures and words. Through this technology, this paper can classify the kind of different messages. Spam is very common nowadays; it can easily send lots of message to occupying a large amount of network bandwidth. Access such kind of messages, this article uses four models: Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes model, and Logistic Regression to identify spam to prevent it into our electronic mail.


Abstract Eight years after the Fukushima accident, the last missing pieces of the jigsaw puzzle for light water reactor (LWR) safety have been put together. In the United States, the nuclear power industry has implemented diverse and flexible strategies to prevent and mitigate severe accidents. In this technical note, the author presents a conceptual design of an online accident prevention system (APS). The proposed concept takes advantage of the fact that the progression of a severe accident caused by an unplanned evolution of the fission dynamics in LWRs, which may be due to mechanical failures, human errors, or external events, progresses significantly slower than events in many other industries, such as chemical explosions or transportation accidents. The APS will make rapid diagnostics of any ongoing event by artificial intelligence and subsequently make immediate predictions using a high-speed simulation code. Should the severe accident lead to core degradation or off-site release, the operators will use all available means including diverse and flexible coping strategies (known as FLEX) to prevent it from happening. Full development and implementation of this APS will greatly enhance nuclear safety in the fight against global warming.


This paper reports experimental results concerning the lane-following problem for mobile robots. The path to be followed is acquired by a video-camera and the current advancing velocity of the vehicle is decided on-line by a fuzzy algorithm; this takes into account some geometric characteristics of the lane estimated in real time and the nominal desired speed of the robot. The obtained experimental results on a unicycle-like mobile robot confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Emerging technologies based on resistive switching (ReRAM) devices promise to improve the speed and energy efficiency of next generation machine learning accelerators, but further research is required for achieving commercial maturity. System-level prototyping with emerging devices is costly, and algorithmic investigations require hardware neural network modeling which often deviates from experimental reality. In this work, the concept of modeling bias is proposed as a way to quantify this deviation and support reliable evaluation of device populations in the context of neural network algorithms. While applicable to other device modeling techniques, modeling bias is investigated here using jump tables - a promising physics-less technique to model emerging memory devices for hardware networks. Questions about the fidelity of these tables in relation to stochastic device behavior are answered. Two methods of jump table modeling – binning and a novel Optuna-optimized binning - are explored using synthetic data with known distributions for benchmarking and experimental data obtained from TiOx ReRAM devices for practical testing. Novel device metrics are proposed, and it is shown that these metrics can present crucial insights on the device population prior to training the hardware network. Results on a multi-layer perceptron trained on MNIST show that device models based on binning deviate from target network accuracy at a low number of points and high switching noise in the device dataset. The proposed approach opens the possibility for device-algorithm co-design investigations into statistical device models with better performance, as well as experimentally verified modeling bias in different in-memory computing and neural network architectures.


Results of empirical research of a choice of potential objects are presented in article for investment in the conditions of uncertainty. Comparison of alternatives is made on the basis of the indicators representing fuzzy numbers with triangular membership function.


The control precision of the rewinding tension system is an important index for the roll-to-roll gravure printing machine. However, the PID control based on the common fixed parameters cannot solve the problems of strong coupling, multi-interference and time-varying parameters of the tension system, which severely limits the improvement of the rewinding tension control precision. Therefore, a PID feedforward control based on RBF neural network is proposed in this paper, to solve the key problems that restrict the improvement of control precision of the rewinding tension system. Firstly, a feedforward controller is designed for the disturbances existing in the rewinding tension system. Then, PID parameters online self-tuning method is designed based on RBF network. Finally, the performance of the designed controller is verified by simulation in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy has good anti-interference and decoupling performance, and realizes the online self-tuning of PID parameters.


In Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, it is stated that MSMEs are business activities that are able to expand employment opportunities and are able to provide broad economic services to the community, and can play a role in the process of equitable distribution and increase in people's income, encouraging economic growth. , and play a role in realizing national stability. However, from observations in the field, the researchers found several problems, namely they were still operating past the time limit that had been set, namely at 21.00 WITA to 00.00 WITA, Warung the process approach, the goal approach. approaches). This study uses a qualitative method. There were 15 informants in this study. Data collection techniques used are interviews. However, in reality, small and medium enterprises still feel the impact of the imposition of restrictions on community activities, namely the community suffers losses or decreases in income, the government must find other solutions in an effort to provide stimulation for business actors other than providing capital (BPUM). related or looking for a solution so that (PPKM) does not have a bad impact on small business actors in the malalayang one east village. So that nothing bad happens for business actors or goes bankrupt due to a decrease in business income resulting in reduced operating hours of business premises and restrictions on the number of customers or customers in a place of business even though they have implemented health protocols so that income is less stable for small business actors in Malalayang Village. One East.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Small Business, Community


Current VR/AR system development studios lack a toolkit that can automatically generate hierarchical tile menu layouts and menu prototypes for VR/AR devices without the need for user programming. This paper proposes a solution in the form of a toolkit that automatically generates a hierarchy tile menu layout using a modified circular treemap algorithm. Users can interactively arrange and resize tiles to create various layouts according to their preferences or needs, utilizing a circle packer method. The toolkit further automatically generates a VR/AR menu prototype based on the resulting layout. Notably, reprogramming is not necessary each time the hierarchy is modified or the menu layout is redesigned. The user test results demonstrate that the proposed toolkit simplifies the creation of hierarchical tile menu layouts, enhances user efficiency in the design process, and enables users to flexibly create hierarchical tile menu prototypes according to their design ideas.


Objectives To explore the effects of ischemia preconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hypertrophied rat heart and investigate the signal mechanism underlying the role of ischemia preconditioning.Methods Forty-eight cardiac hypertrophied rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: ischemia reperfusion(IR) control group,IR treated with ischemia preconditioning(IPC) group,IR treated with IPC and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitor Wortmannin group,and IR treated with Wortmannin alone group.The effects of ischemia preconditioning on left ventricular systole pressure(LVSP),coronary artery flow,creatine phosphokinase(CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release,myocardial infarction size,and the level of myocardial phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt),phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β(p-GSK-3β) were evaluated.Results LVSP and coronary artery flow were improved significantly,and the release of CPK and LDH was reduced significantly with significant reduction of myocardial infarction size in IPC group as compared with IR control group.Meanwhile,the levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β were increased in IPC group compared with those in IR control group.PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β induced by ischemia preconditioning,but only abolished partly the cardioprotective effect of ischemia preconditioning.Conclusion Ischemia preconditioning attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury of isolated hypertrophied rat heart.The PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in mediating cardioprotection of ischemia preconditioning.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in harsh environments, i.e., battlefield and natural disasters areas, often suffer from the problems of the deliberate attack, hardware failure, and energy depletion. It is crucial to propose the fault-tolerant and energy-efficient evolution models to accomplish tasks of applications in these environments. Previous studies have reported that scale-free (SF) topologies can improve the fault-tolerance of WSNs. However, energy-efficiency is less concerned in most of these SF WSNs models. In addition, previous models took only node degree into account in calculating connection probabilities between two nodes, topological characteristics, which can enhance reliable communication, are rarely considered. To address these shortcomings, we present three new SF-evolution mechanisms (ECN, ELP, and ELCP) of large-scale WSNs from the novel aspect of link prediction. Specifically, three well-known link prediction methods, which are topology concerned, named common neighbors (CN), local path (LP), and local community paradigm (LCP) are adopted in the corresponding models to enhance energy-efficiency of SF-WSNs. Meanwhile, residual energy and degree capacity are taken into consideration in the proposed models to balance the node energy consumption. We also explore the degree distribution of networks generated by our models and present the theoretical derivation of it. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed models can generate SF-WSNs topologies with better fault-tolerance and higher energy-efficiency by comparing with a candidate clustering-based algorithm and other two SF enhancing algorithms. Moreover, ELCP's performance is the best among the three models, followed by ELP and ECN.


The mitochondrial DNA copy number and the citrate synthase activity have been studied in rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat plus fructose (HF-F) diet which mimics a typical unhealthy Western diet. Rats treated by adding dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to the diet were also studied to investigate on the protective effects of DHEA, a compound of physiological origin with multitargeted antioxidant properties. An HF-F diet, fortified or not with DHEA (0.01%, w/w), was administered for 15 weeks to male Wistar rats. After HF-F the rat liver showed a decrease of mtDNA content and of citrate synthase activity probably as results of oxidative stress. The addition of DHEA to the diet restored the activity of citrate synthase whereas it was unable to prevent the loss of mtDNA.


The area scaling of a diffusion-relaxed N2 (337 nm) laser has been studied. It has been shown that the laser characteristics are described by the area scaling equations. These equations determine the dependence of the repetition rate, average power and efficiency of the laser on the transverse dimensions of the discharge channel and the parameters of the channel surface.


Via high_speed and on_line remote diagnosing system, one can reduce breakdown time, cut down occurrence of failure and improve the equipment utilization for NC machine; in addition, with dynamic data, one can monitor the state and track quality for machining. The tele_diagnosing system for NC machine tool developed on basis of superior software of Huazhong I NC System and network technology is introduced, for which, the major functional modules, technical features and operation procedures are presented. Test shows the tele-diagnosing system for NC machine tool is practical.


In the present research, we analyze the experimental and DNS data sets of canonical turbulent boundary layers from six independent groups. For the range of momentum-thickness Reynolds numbers of 500‐27,320, we determine the best-fit values for the parameters appearing in the standard logarithmic law and the power law. The result is that neither the standard logarithmic law nor the proposed alternative power law is valid throughout the entire overlap region. The remedy for the problem is an extension of the logarithmic law to higher orders concerning the von Karman number. It is found that the standard inner logarithmic law with κ=0.393 and Clog=4.568 is the envelope of this generalized law for an infinite von Karman number δ + . The appropriate outer


Liquid crystalline epoxy resin is a kind of structural and functional material with good applied prospect because it combines the liquid order with cross network advantages.The effects of curing agents,such as DDM,DDBA,DDS and technology on properties of liquid crystalline epoxy resin have been studied.The microstructure have been observed by SEM. The results show that the comprehensive properties of PHBHQ/DDM are the best.


Abstract Asian rhinoplasty patients can be analyzed by the nose's component structures and their relationship to one another. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying anatomical structure including bone, cartilage, and soft tissue contributes to better preoperative planning. To achieve an optimal postoperative result, a thorough preoperative analysis utilizing standardized measurements is essential. Knowledge of the Asian nose facilitates the use of an algorithmic approach to Asian rhinoplasty that increases surgical predictability.


March 1-31 "Art of the Eye," exhibit of new works by visually impaired artists, Landmark Center, St. Paul, Minn. (contact: Forecast, 2955 Bloomington, Minneapolis, Minn. 55407; (612)721-4394). 4-6 "Futurecare" Symposium onClinical Applications of Technology to Rehabilitation, The Gunter Hotel, San Antonio (contact: Medical School Continuing Education Services, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284). 6-8 Second National Forum on Research in Aging, cosponsored by the University ofNebraska at Lincoln and at Omaha, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln (contact: C. N. Bowmaster, Department of Conferences and Institutes, University of Nebraska, 205 Nebraska Center, Lincoln, Neb. 68583-0929). 7-9 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Care for the Elderly Conference, Don Ce Sar Beach Resort, St. Petersburg, Beach, Fla. (contact: Conference Registrar, American Society of Law & Medicine, 765 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 02215; (617) 262-4990). 7-9 National Conference on Secondary, Transitional, and Postsecondary Education for Exceptional Youth, sponsored by the Council for Exceptional Children (contact: CEC, 1920 Association Drive, Reston, Va. 22091; (703) 620-3660, x. 261). 13-15 Placement of Blind and Visually Impaired Persons Through Career Development Conference, Columbus, Miss. (contact: Martha Bagley: Mississippi State University Research and Training Center in Blindness and Low Vision, P.O. Drawer 5365, Mississippi State, Miss. 39762; (601) 325-2001). 13-15 "Rehabilitationstage'8 5"Third International Exhibition for Technical Aids for Rehabilitation with Workshops, Karlsruhe, West Germany (contact: InterService Borgmann GMBH, Hohe Strasse 39, P.O.B. 748, D-4600 Dortmund 1, West Germany). 15 Independent Sector Research Forum on "Giving and Volunteering: New Frontiers of Knowledge," New York City (contact: Independent Sector, 1828 L St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036). 15-18 New England Council of Optometrists Annual Meeting, Boston (contact: George Syby, New England Council of Optometrists, 101 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 02108).


The present study observed the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and its ethylacetate (E) and ethylacetate/ethanol (EE) fractions on blood glucose levels in C57BL/KsJ‐leprdb/leprdb (db/db) mice at 4–12 weeks of age. In the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group, the blood glucose concentration began to be lower than that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group at 6 weeks after treatment, while the blood glucose concentration in the E fraction‐treated db/db group was similar to that in the vehicle‐treated db/db group. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in the vehicle‐treated db/db groups was 9.3%, whereas HbA1c levels in the GSE‐ and EE fraction‐treated db/db group decreased significantly to 5.7% and 6.1%, respectively, at 8 weeks after treatment. However, administration of GSE and its EE fraction did not show any significant effects on body weights and food consumption in db/db mice. These results suggest that GSE and its EE fraction have a potential to decrease the blood glucose and HbA1c level, which is applicable to good healthy foods for reducing blood glucose levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Biogas naturally contains many elements which when burned do not produce energy, some even inhibit combustion like CO2. The high CO2 content in biogas affects the decrease in calorific value during the combustion process, so that a refining process is needed to move the gas content.
This study aims to determine the ignition characteristics and the temperature of the fire needed to reach the boiling point of water. In this study the tests were carried out using filters made from zeolite, sediment cartridges, and CT0. In boiling biogas stoves using various filters and non-filters it was found that using a filter accelerates boiling water compared to without using a filter.
The results of the study show the use of filters on flame temperatures and the air temperature produced by biogas stoves. The stove that was turned on obtained the real temperature of fire without using a filter reaching the highest heat in the 20th minute at 585 ° C and boiling at 20 minutes at 88 ° C. Then in the filter experiment the type of sediment temperature reached the highest heat at 20 minutes, 561 ° C and boiling at 20 minutes at 90 ° C. In the filter type zeolite the fire temperature reaches the highest heat in the 20th minute which is 553 ° C and boils at 20 minutes at 90 ° C. The experiment uses CTO Carbon filter type , the fire temperature reaches the highest temperature in the 20th minute at 560 ° C and reaches boiling at 20 minutes at 90 ° C. With the weight of water from all experiments at 0.8 kg


Background and purpose: Risk of pathogen transmission through poor quality cosmetic products that are illegally smuggled is very high. In this study the microbial contamination of some foundation creams obtained from poor quality markets and a sample obtained from pharmacy were investigated. Materials and methods: In this study the microbial content (bacterial total count, fungal count, and presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter) of all samples were evaluated using pour plate and multiple tube techniques Results: The samples were 83.33% contaminated. Fungal contamination in was observed in 42.8% of total samples. All samples were found contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus was observed to be the most preponderant. Conclusion: High level of contamination in foundation creams, threatens the health of consumers. These results indicate that high levels of contaminants are found even in raw materials used for preparation of cosmetic products. Contaminations in all processes of producing, packing, and storing of such products call for a more active involvement of quality assurance system in cosmetic industry.


The technique of ensuring energy conservation by applying added insulation to the facades of existing buildings has probably been developed further in France than in any other country. The various methods now used – and there are many on the French market, ranging from reinforced renders to prefabricated insulated claddings – are reviewed here by an engineer at CSTB, the French Scientific and Technical Centre for Building.


The Working Group 7 (WG7 Earthquake Resistant Structures) of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) has proposed, inside its Field of Activities and Objectives, the comparisons between seismic codes. Some of the members of WG7 have been part of a Subgroup (SG-B – Seismic Codes Comparisons), in order to work together on this broad subject, finding discrepancies and similarities of the codes. This paper, aligned with this objective of the WG7SG-B continues the work presented by the authors in previous papers. In these papers, aspects related to the seismic design of usual reinforced concrete buildings, such as definition of the recurrence periods for establishing the seismic input; definition of the seismic zonation and shape of the design response spectra; consideration of local soil conditions; definition of the seismic forceresisting systems and definition of the allowable procedures for the seismic analyses have been thoroughly examined. Several codes for the seismic design of buildings (US, European, Italian, Romanian, Brazilian, Bulgarian, and Chilean Standards) have been examined. In the present paper, more aspects are investigated, especially the ones related to non-linear methods of analysis, such as the non-linear static (pushover) methods. An ordinary reinforced concrete building ("Model Building") has been used for permit the comparative analysis between the codes. This building has been modeled with the computer program SOFiSTiK. Each model is subjected to the seismic input according to the several codes, and obtained results were compared.


Gynecomastia is a rare side effect of antitubercular chemotherapy. A 22-year-old male patient was diagnosed as a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis case and was put on standard second-line antituberculosis drugs. Two months later, the patient developed painful enlarged left breast with size 2×3 cm2, mobile, tender, and normal nipple-areola without any discharge. Common endocrinological and biochemical tests were normal. Ethionamide-induced gynecomastia was suspected. Ultrasonography of the breast showed hypoechoic shadow suggesting glandular tissue hyperplasia without any deeper tissue infiltration. On discontinuing ethionamide, gynecomastia reduced gradually. On reintroduction, gynecomastia reappeared and again disappeared within weeks after withdrawal. Thus, painful gynecomastia induced by ethionamide was concluded. We report this case of unilateral painful gynecomastia because of its rarity and for the purpose of documentation and awareness.


The paper presents steady-state and transient studies to assess the impact of a 200MW Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant connection on the Main Interconnected Transmission System (MITS) of Oman. The CSP plant consists mainly of a solar field with parabolic trough collectors, two thermal storage tanks, heat exchangers, piping systems, steam turbine, and electric generator. Two proposed locations are considered to connect the CSP plant to MITS: Manah and Adam 132/33kV grid stations in Al-Dakhiliah region. The transmission grid model of 2015 has been updated to include the simulation of the proposed 200MW CSP at either Manah or Adam. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory professional software is used. The results include percentage of transmission line loadings, percentage of transformer loadings, busbar voltages, grid losses, in addition to 3-phase and 1-phase fault levels. Also, simulation studies have been performed to assess the transmission system transient responses to the CSP outage. Steady state and transient analyses have shown that the connection of the CSP plant at Manah or Adam to the transmission system is acceptable. The transient responses have proved that the system remains stable when it is subjected to the CSP plant outage.


The aim of this paper is to analyze from the perspective of "self-narrative" theory how bereaved people reconstruct their "self-narrative" when it is disrupted as a result of bereavement. A loss of a loved one makes it difficult for people to continue to relate their self-narrative. Therefore, they need to reconstruct their self-narrative so that they can give meaning to the bereavement and can find direction for the future. This paper tries to clarify a part of this work of reconstruction through examining a narrative of the bereaved.


A two-step surface ligand-exchange process has been introduced for Cu12Sb4S13 QDs hole transport materials, which effectively enhanced the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 14.65% to 15.43%.


SUMMARY

We model using analogue experiments the subduction of buoyant ridges and plateaus to study their effect on slab dynamics. Experiments show that simple local (1-D) isostatic considerations are not appropriate to predict slab behaviour during the subduction of a buoyant ridge perpendicular to the trench, because the rigidity of the plate forces the ridge to subduct with the dense oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic ridges parallel to the trench have a stronger effect on the process of subduction because they simultaneously affect a longer trench segment. Large buoyant slab segments sink more slowly into the asthenosphere, and their subduction result in a diminution of the velocity of subduction of the plate. We observe a steeping of the slab below those buoyant anomalies, resulting in smaller radius of curvature of the slab that augments the energy dissipated in folding the plate and further diminishes the velocity of subduction. When the 3-D geometry of a buoyant plateau is modelled, the dip of the slab above the plateau decreases, as a result of the larger velocity of subduction of the dense 'normal' oceanic plate on both sides of the plateau. Such a perturbation of the dip of the slab maintains long time after the plateau has been entirely incorporated into the subduction zone. We compare experiments with the present-day subduction zone below South America. Experiments suggest that a modest ridge perpendicular to the trench such as the present-day Juan Fernandez ridge is not buoyant enough to modify the slab geometry. Already subducted buoyant anomalies within the oceanic plate, in contrast, may be responsible for some aspects of the present-day geometry of the Nazca slab at depth.


Do information and communication technologies (ICT) have any incidence on local development and poverty reduction? Do ICT improve local development trough their application to social programs, or do they require a comprehensive e-economy policy to become development factors? Which are the conditions under which ICT can effectively contribute to social development? This paper shows the results of a research on the effects of ICT in poverty reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), from 1995 onwards 2 . The work identifies the national-wide strategies and policies used by LAC governments –particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela - to implement ICT applications for economic and social development purposes, mainly in the areas of connectivity, e-government, education, and science and technology. It also reviews the strategies and actions implemented by LAC governments to fight poverty. It analyzes the relations between the two kinds of policies. These policies are confronted to the evolution of poverty in the Region. Finally, the paper proposes strategies in order to use ICT for social and economic development in developing countries.


: The World Maritime Axis (WMA) policy of the Jokowi Government era has tapped Indonesia's resource-rich marine potential. Various sources of marine wealth have been supporting the lives of the maritime village community for generations. This paper focuses on leveling the pattern of maritime village development as part of Jokowi's governance strategy in the context of defense diplomacy. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach method aims to strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan, make decisions, and take action to improve their own situation. As the object of study is the chosen maritime villages to map the fishing community related to the government relationship with the fishing community with the content of the Diplomacy of Defense, with the question of maritime measure confidence and security issues. The study found types of maritime villages; a) Competitive Maritime Village, b) Offensive Maritime Village, c) Defensive Maritime Village d) Recessive Maritime Village. The research concludes that the policy of developing maritime villages continuously through the PRA approach in the leveling of Indonesian maritime villages can support the interests of Indonesia's defense diplomacy. Free market structure vs. local product. This strategy is related to bringing back the state to protect the whole nation and providing security to all citizens through a free and active foreign policy, trusted national security, and the development of an integrated Tri Matra state defense based on national interests and strengthening identity as a maritime nation. The rigorous application of scientific and technological innovations with a newer and more stringent view of market failures to limit the respective roles of public and private actors in the economy. The Jokowi government attends the working capitalist structure, but local products must be saved so that Indonesia seeks position through the implementation of a free-active foreign policy. For this reason, the identification and implementation of the steps needed to achieve liberalization by the international world but opportunities for Indonesia. Structural adjustments are likened to market liberalization here because the 'facts' used by the current strategy of achieving macroeconomic balance by combining a market economy with a public sector are driven by representative public sector governance. Bold steps in various sectors show that Jokowi's government is adjusting to the international world in a new way. resolve development policy issues. The underutilized field of phenomenology is identified, and future work paths of information research are acceptable in the science of information collection and processing methods. This research has updated the debate about PRA research methods in the phenomenological sketch to give readers and researchers more insight into methodological tools and research options. Researchers interested in this approach must be aware of the challenges faced. With an awareness of phenomenology, phenomenography will be better able to avoid confusion when conducting research. Technically this research was carried out in several steps; development through the application of ecotourism, confusion can be created about the best way to do it implementing ecotourism without proper management, ecotourism will lead instead to environmental damage. This study aims to answer the question of how ecotourism is carried out in the village of Sugian to support regional development, and what might be learned from this experience. This research is testing, identifying, learning, and discussing the supporting factors and potential problems and opportunities in ecotourism and local, sustainable development. A case study approach with a qualitative method was carried out to collect data through semi-structured interviews, observations, and reviews of some relevant literature. The findings of this study are that ecotourism is a promising program in the village itself. The excitement of the local community is a major supporting factor for ecotourism development towards village development. Ecotourism seems to so, there are still many that not solutions, such accessibility, optimization of marketing tools, and lack of human resources.


Effects of threshold value on detection performance of the mo Optics Communications tively studied using computer simulation. Fingerprint and human face trast difference. Simulation results demonstrate that this correlator im moreso for human face images. Optimal detection of low-contrast hum ing an appropriate threshold value. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.