The report is devoted to the topical issues of cybersecurity in modern society. It is shown that with the beginning of the war in eastern Ukraine, both the population and infrastructure of Ukraine are significantly affected by cyber attacks. The examples of ways to solve cybersecurity issues in the civil society as well as in the security apparatus of Ukraine that have already been implemented are given. The authors also consider the prospects for the development of this area.


In the present day, every operation of any organization are highly affected by Information Technology. Rapid innovations in technology influence companies to produce high quality software and to maintain the state of the art of the software in order to remain competitive in the industry. Customers rely on the functionality and accuracy of the software. This has placed a greater responsibility on IT companies. Release of poor quality software has long term negative effect where recovery may be difficult. Hence, it is important for IT companies to deliver high quality software that is reliable, delivered on time, lies within budget and provides an assurance that the software performs according to the specifications before being delivered to the customer. In order to fulfill the above challenge IT companies follow various strategies. This paper therefore gives a brief summary of the strategies followed by IT industry to deliver high quality software.


The asymmetric synthesis of (+)-streptenol A was carried out in ten steps and with high enantioselectivity (ee ≥ 96%). The key steps are the α-alkylation of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one RAMP hydrazone A (1), subsequent deoxygenation and elaboration of the side chain via aldehyde B to furnish (+)-streptenol A in 23% overall yield. In analogy, the enantiomer (–)-streptenol A was synthesized using the corresponding SAMP hydrazone in 18% overall yield.


Based on the philosophy and Marxism dialectical materialism,around the scientific outlook on development,the paper discusses the problems in scientific research of three factors affecting the development of science and technology. It probes into some phenomena in the development of science and technology in our country,and puts forward that it is very important to develop these factors and the relationship between them.


Erosion map of a watershed offers a wealth of knowledge and can be crucial for implementing site-specific management interventions. Thus, watershed-based soil erosion assessment was conducted to recognize erosion hotspot areas, while aiming to roughly calculate the average annual soil loss in Genda-wuha watershed, with a total area of 154,548.5 ha located in the northwest lowland of Blue Nile basin Ethiopia using USLE/GIS approach. Sixteen years of rainfall data, 53 soil sample data, a 30m by 30m digital elevation model (DEM), a land-use/land-cover map, and support practice factor were used to determine high erosion risk areas. The USLE parameters were integrated and analyzed using a raster calculator in the ArcGIS platform to predict and map the mean annual soil loss of Genda-wuha watershed. The result showed that the annual soil loss of the watershed extends from none in the lower and middle part of the watershed to 75.36 Megagram (Mg) ha-1yr-1 in the steeper parts of the watershed with a mean annual soil loss of 7.9 Mg ha-1yr-1. Most of the soil erosion affected areas are spatially situated in the upper steep slope parts of Genda-wuha watershed, which could be as a result of an increased slope gradient and length in the specified location. However, the majority of the watershed (82.62%) was estimated to be low erosion rates varying from 0 to 5 Mg ha–1 yr–1 and these areas correspond primarily to nearly flat landscapes of the watershed.


: Nowadays use of internet is growing rapidly. Most of the information share and use by end users on the web. In any format data or information access by user, most of the available information is in text format. All such text documents available have common content between them with different time stamp. The mutual action between common topics may deduce valuable knowledge but as they are not aligned properly they are not arranged in index fashion. The absolute purpose of this paper is to extract common topic with the help of topic model using appropriate time period. Generative topic model follows two alternative steps. First is retrieve common topic from all the documents with their adjusted time stamp and second is adjusting the time stamp with respect to time period dispersion of common topic being formely generated.


[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness and the changes of the relative immune parameters in advanced lung cancer after treatment with bronchofiberscope guided microwave tissue coagulation (MTC) therapy combined with local radiotherapy. [Methods] 58 patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were divided into two groups randomly, treatment group (group A) and control group(group B). All the patients in two groups received local radiotherapy. In addition, patients in group A were treated with bronchofiberscope guided MTC therapy. The effectiveness of relieving obstructive dyspnea was observed and the relative immune parameters were detected before and after therapy. [Results] Comparing with the group B, In group A, the dentritic cell, T lymphocyte subgroup, lymphocyte transformation rate were increased while CEA and TSGF from peripheral blood decreased one or two weeks after the treatment. And among 30 patients of group A, 18 were completely cured and 12 were showed partial recovery. The 100% effective rate was significantly higher than the control group (P 0.05). [Conclusions] MTC combination with local chemotherapy under the guide of the bronchofiberscope can remarkably reduce the sides of the tumor. Relieving the symptom of dyspnea could improve the cellular immune effectiveness of advanced lung cancer.


Bulk and surface modification of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and fluoroelastomer by electron beam irradiation was investigated. The structure of the modified elastomers was analysed with the help of Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and gel content. Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of bulk modified fluoroelastomers and surface energy and frictional coefficient of the surface modified EPDMs were measured. The properties were correlated with the structure developed.


The laborious point count method of conducting bird surveys is still a common practice in Malaysia. An alternative method known as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is deployed in many countries by placing sound recorders at surveying sites to collect bird sounds. Studies revealed that the number of bird densities counted by human observers was agreeable with those obtained using PAM. However, one of the most essential gaps in conducting PAM is the lack of expert-verified bird-call databases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to construct the first annotated Malaysia lowland forest bird sounds called SiulMalaya to be used as ground-truth datasets for PAM-related activities. The raw bird sounds dataset was downloaded from Macaulay Library using the eBird platform. Data pre-processing was done to produce annotated audio tracks that can be used as training datasets for bird classification. SiulMalaya dataset was further validated by two bird experts from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia. A bird identification experiment was carried out to assess and validate SiulMalaya dataset using a convolutional neural network (CNN) learning model. Even though the accuracy of bird identification is slightly above 50%, the annotated dataset is shown to be viable for PAM-related operations.


Introduction. The Development of Religious Freedom. Marriage. Divorce. The Upbringing of Children. Custody and contact with children. Adoption. Religious education. Secular education.


In this work, an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme was used for ethanol oxidation in an air-breathing type microfluidic fuel cell. A bioanode was prepared using a catalytic ink prepared by using a...


We intentionally read the article ''Admission hyperglycemia predicts inhospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients without diabetes mellitus'' written by Ahmet Ekmekci et al with interest. They concluded that measurement of the admission blood glucose in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction predicted inhospital mortality and major adverse cardiac event (MACE), and admission blood glucose >118 mg/dL required more attention. Admission blood glucose and even fasting blood glucose levels have been shown to have U-shaped curve of risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance have increased severity of coronary artery disease. Impaired glucose metabolism during acute coronary events in nondiabetic patients could be due to stress-induced activation of cortisol and noradrenalin, growth hormone, and glucagon release. Elevations in counterregulatory hormones accelerate catabolism, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. These events elevate blood glucose, free fatty acids, ketones, and lactate. The rise in glucose blunts insulin secretion via the mechanism of glucose toxicity, resulting in further hyperglycemia. The vicious cycle of stressinduced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia subsequently causes maladaptive responses in immune function, fuel production, and synthesis of mediators that cause further tissue and organ dysfunction as depressing myocardial contractility and contributing to pump failure. We think these studies show us that admission hyperglycemia is not the reason of mortality and MACE but the result of counterregulatory hormones due to stress-induced activation during acute coronary syndrome events.


He has spoken to us with most unquestioned authority. If I may venture to say so, he has brought out what I believe to be one of the basic features of political growth. You cannot have political and economic growth unless you know and study geography. Sir Percy made an interesting suggestion when he spoke of the horizontal economic line, if I may boil it down to those words. If you will think it over you will see what immense truth there is in what he said in that connection. He showed us on the map where Turkey plays a role of inestimable importance in the development of civilization, progress, and economic happiness in Europe and therewith throughout the world. The lecture to which we have listened has been a lesson of great value, and I shall have you wholeheaftedly with me when I express to Sir Percy Loraine our thanks for what he has told us.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fracture and evaluate its therapeutic effects.Methods From January 2008 to March 2010, 12 patients with closed Tile type C pelvic fractures were treated with Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique.There were seven males and five females, at age range of 21-60 years (average 39.6 years).All patients had sacrum fractures of the posterior pelvic rings.The anterior pelvic ring fractures included unilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in four patients and bilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in eight.Three patients were combined with shock.The anterior pelvic rings were fixed with minimally invasive reconstruction plates and the posterior pelvic rings fixed with minimally invasive technique plus Legacy pedicle screw system. Results The operation lasted for average 90 minutes (range, 80-110 minutes) , with average intraoperative blood loss of 105 ml (range, 80-150 ml).All patients were followed up for average 18 months (range, 6-32 months), which showed that all patients got satisfactory reductions and that the fractures were healed at one stage, with average period of 11.5 weeks (range, 9-13 weeks).There occurred no infections, failures of internal fixations or nerve injuries.According to improved Lindahl standard of pelvic injury function assessment, the result was excellent in 10 patients and good in two, with average score of 78.6 points. Conclusions Under master of the surgical indications, Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique takes advantages of minor trauma, less intraoperative fluoroscopy, short operation time, good curative resuhs and few complications in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fractures by fixation of the posterior pelvic rings and reconstruction of the anterior pelvic rings.

Key words:
Pelvis;  Surgical procedures, minimally invasive;  Fracture fixation


The low regression rates of classic hybrid rocket fuels lead to large internal ports that limit potential applications. This experimental study investigated the increase in regression rate that results from adding a solid oxidizer and a catalyst to a hybrid fuel grain. The configuration is named a "mixed hybrid" hybrid to signify solid oxidizer and catalyst in the grain. A design of experiments approach guided fuel formulation to systematically control levels of ammonium perehlorate from 25% to 30%, ferric oxide from 0 to 5%, and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene from 70% to 75%. The 1.5-in. diam. port, 12-in. long center perforated grains were burned with gaseous oxygen at pressure levels from 150 to 550 psig and port flux levels from 0.1 to 0.4 lbm/s-in. 2 . The results show that the mixed hybrid propellants burn as a function of both pressure and mass flux. A grain formulation having 27.5 % ammonium perchlorate and 2.5% ferric oxide provided the maximum burning rate augmentation (447%) among the formulations tested.


Since the adverse effect of interference signals caused by adjacent satellites on quality of both communication sides in satellite communication,a solution is proposed by analyzing multi-signal interference to the CDMA system,on the basis of related regulations by International Telecommunication Union on signal interoperability and compatibility among satellites.The solution will firstly reduce and balance the harmful interference signal coming from the close satellite to solve satellites signal compatibility.Furthermore,a blind adaptive interference suppressing technique will be applied to weaken the harmful interference.The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed solution.


Active Queue Management (AQM) has been extensively studied in the context of wired Internet. In this paper, we propose an AQM algorithm for a bottleneck node with wireless link. Specifically, we propose a robust controller design method that maintains the queue length close to an operating point. We treat capacity variation as an external disturbance and design the controller using H∞ control techniques. This results in the controller being robust to changes in the design parameters of the system, while it meets the performance objectives. We also consider the effect of round trip time in our model. Our method of incorporating the delay into the discretized model simplifies controller design.


Based on ethnobotanical studies carried out in the community of Verraco, belonging to the Baconao Biosphere Reserve, province of Santiago de Cuba, the components of the flora used in natural and traditional medicine were identified in situ, and the reproductive phenology of each of the identified species was determined. The objective of the work was to present the flowering and fruiting patterns of flora species that are components of natural and traditional medicine in the coastal community of Verraco, which belongs to the Baconao Biosphere Reserve. A total of 82 species of flowering plants used by the community for natural and traditional medicine were recorded, which are grouped into 75 genera and 49 botanical families. Of the total species studied, 46 % (38) were recorded with flowers and fruits, while only 12 % (10) and 39 % (32) were determined in the flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Of the total species, only four are endemic and 24 % are naturalized, while 19 % correspond to non-indigenous but possibly naturalized species. Forty species flowers, coinciding with the rainy season, while 36 bear fruit during the same period. In the dry or low rainfall stage, a total of 57 species were recorded to flower in this period. A total of 27 species present a flowering stage of more than four months, while 21 species bear fruit in a similar stage of time. Only one species was recorded that flowers and bears fruit all year round: Heliotropium angiospermum. A total of 21 species present synchrony, as both phenological periods coincide in the same reproductive stage.


In this study,the preservation effects of compound coating antistaling agent of polysaccharide on Crataegus pinnatifida with temperature 28~32 ℃ and relative humidity 68%~86% were investigated.The antistaling agent was composed of chitosan for the coating matrix,and glycerin as film-forming additives.The results showed that compared with the control group,the rotten fruit rate and weightloss rates of the Crataegus pinnatifida preserved by the compound coating antistaling agent of edible polysaccharide were lower,the conversion of content of total VC was inhibited,and the senescence process was restrained,the storage and the shelf life was extended.


Abstract The exfoliation corrosion behaviour of sheet and plate materials of various conventional aluminium and Al–Li alloys has been evaluated using accelerated tests. Results are .compared with atmospheric exposure data published in the literature to assess the applicability of the testing techniques employed. For damage tolerant Al–Li based sheet and plate, the cyclic acidified salt fog (Mastmaasis) test according to ASTM G85, Annex A2 indicated susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion, reproducing the limited outdoor corrosion data for the Al–Li alloys 8090–T81 and 2091–T84 as well as marine exposure results reported for the conventional alloys 2024–T351 and 7075–T7351. Therefore, it appears to be a promising testing technique for predicting the service performance of high strength aluminium alloys. Compared with the ratings determined following the cyclic acidified saltfog tests, the standard Exco test according to ASTM G34 indicated better exfoliation corrosion behaviour of the alloys investigated, e...


Airborne effluents of 5 stacks (stacks 1–5) of three nuclear power plants, with 9 pressurized water reactors VVER of 4,520 MWe total power, were searched for transuranium isotopes in different time periods. The search started in 1985. The subject of this work is a presentation of discharge data for the period of 1998–2003 and a final evaluation. It was found that 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Am, 242Cm, and 244Cm can be present in airborne effluents. Transuranium isotope contents in most of the quarterly effluent samples from stacks 2, 4 and 5 were not measurable. Transuranium isotopes were present in the effluents from stack l during all 9 years of the study and from stack 3 since the 3rd quarter of 1996 as a result of a defect in the fuel cladding. A relatively high increase of transuranium isotopes in effluents from stack 3 occurred in the 3rd quarter of 1999, and a smaller increase occurred in the 3rd quarter of 2003. In each instance 242Cm prevailed in the transuranium isotope mixtures. 238Pu/239,240Pu, 241Am/239,240Pu, 242Cm/239,240Pu, and 244Cm/239,240Pu ratios in fuel for different burn-up were calculated, and comparison of these ratios in fuel and effluents was performed.


Introduction Industrial development is the key factor for the rapid economic development of any country. It is true more in the case of developing countries, since it would be helpful to combating many economic ills, which they have been facing. Economic reforms introduced in India, particularly since 1991, are aimed at making the economy and industry more competitive. Liberalization and globalization have provided opportunity for growth and expansion of the industry, and the manufacturing sector in particular (Krishnamurthy 2007). The wage- productivity relationship in Indian industries has been a vexed and indecisive issue. It has been agreed by all that wages should move so as to bear positive relationship with productivity. The Royal Commission of Labour, the Fair Wages Committee on Sharing the Gains of Productivity, the study group on Productivity and Incentives and the Five-year Plans, have therefore, regarded productivity as one criterion in wage determination. It is also important to remember wages should not go up to the extent of compelling employer to replace labour by capital which will lead to unemployment problems. The National Commission on Labour (1969) observed, "Any sustained improvement in wages cannot be brought without increasing productivity. The urgency of improving productivity level to sustain increase in real wage cannot be over emphasised. It is therefore, desirable to establish some positive relationship between productivity and wages in the interest of both employers and employees". The economic development of a country depends mainly on industrial development. In the manufacturing sector, scope for internal as well as external economies is greater than in the other sectors. It acts as an instrument both for creating capacity to absorb excess labour and for diversifying the market required to boost economic development. The present study has attempted to analyse the productivity and wages in the manufacturing sector of India, disaggregating in to rural and urban industries. Selection of the Variables Net Value Added (NVA) was taken as output, since the trends are not affected significantly by the use of net value added. Also ambiguity in the calculation of depreciation can be overcome if net value added is taken as a measure of output. Labour input consisted of both workers directly involved in production and also persons other than workers like supervisors, technicians, managers, clerks and similar type of employees. The invested capital was taken into account as capital. Wages included remuneration paid to workers. Data The basic data source of the study was Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) published by Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India covering the period from1998-99 to 2007-08. All the referred variables were normalised by applying the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator. The GDP at current and constant prices were obtained by referring to Economic Survey, published by Government of India, Ministry of Finance and Economic Division Delhi. The data on Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPIIW) was also drawn from the same source to fit the functional relationship between wage and productivity, since CPIIW was one of the factors influencing productivity changes. Partial Factor Productivity Indices Partial factor productivity measures the ratio of output to one of the inputs setting aside interdependence of the use of inputs. Labour productivity (NVA/L) is measured as a ratio of value added to total number of persons employed. Capital Productivity (NVA/K) is measured as a ratio of value added to gross fixed capital. Total factor productivity (TFPI) A broader gauge of productivity, the total factor productivity, is measured by combining the effects of all the resources used in the production of goods and services (labour, capital, raw material, energy, etc. …


Revenue management of dedicated passenger railway line was explored on the basis of passengers' buy-up behavior.It was assumed that each itinerary has two kinds of tickets:the first class ones and second class ones.Taking the probability of passengers' buy-up behaviour as known conditions and the nested booking limits of the two classes of tickets of each itinerary as decision variables,the constrained nonlinear integer programming model was established and solved by the particle swarm algorithm.Numerical example results show that along with raizing of the probability of passengers' buy-up behavior,the nested booking limits of the second class tickets reduce gradually and the expected total revenues of the dedicated passenger railway line increase gradually.The effectiveness of the model is proved in practice.


T-URING the past 20 years we have observed during bypass operations Ufor Leriche's syndrome that the external iliac artery is smaller in caliber than the common femoral artery. One of the accepted axioms about the arterial tree under normal conditions is that as one progresses away from the heart, the main channel decreases in size as branches are given off. For example, the infrarenal aorta is smaller in diameter and in cross section area than the suprarenal aorta. Further, the common iliac artery is smaller than the aorta but larger than the external iliac artery. It should follow, therefore, that the common femoral artery would be smaller, and certainly no larger, than the external iliac artery under normal conditions. To determine whether our intraoperative observations were correct, namely, that the common femoral artery is usually larger than the external iliac artery in diameter and cross section area in patients undergoing aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypasses, we considered three ways to confirm


∗ Corresponding Author: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-Parallel parsing is one of the key technologies of parallel system. Grammatical character affects the efficiency of parallel parsing and degree of difficulty of implement. Existing methods have problems as follows: Parallelism of grammar that adapt different data object is difference, if there is a large difference between considering attribute and analysis object structure, then affect efficiency. Specific grammar parallel parsing is systematically studied. Scanning parallel parsing methods from the new angle of sequence span after word lattice distortion. Considering sequence span attribute between some specific grammars makes parsing without changing structure and data of CYK table based on the structure of word lattice CYK initialization table; In passing item of the form [i , j , B η·] in parallel parsing item table memory structure in circle structure is adopted chain breaking technology; When indexed optimize analysis, the key algorithms of increasing the feasibility and validity of sequence span attribute、reusing parsing tree、calculating of d space function and node separating are further studied, then unification and optimize effect between analysis table middle structure and data object structure is reached. New algorithm and implement strategy of parallel parsing of specific grammar is proposed.


N THE PAST TWO DECADES, a consideration Of breast I reconstruction has become an integral part of the treatment plan and management of breast cancer. Recent advances in devices to expand skin, materials for reconstruction, and sources of autogenous tissues, together with improvements in microsurgery to assure adequate blood supply and surgical techniques, have improved the aesthetic and functional outcome of breast reconstruction. Several studies have provided reassurance that wellplanned breast reconstruction does not contribute to or accelerate metastases and does not affect the detection of local recurrence. Other studies demonstrated the effect breast reconstruction can have on quality of life.3 Any change in body image requires psychological adjustment, but the importance ofbreasts as a primary symbo1 of femininity makes the loss of a breast especially difficult.435 This difficulty is doubled because it occurs at a time when a woman must confront the reality of a tumor prognosis. External breast prostheses may mask breast loss to the outside world, but they are never incorporated into the woman's body image and do not help her adjust to a sense of deformity. Furthermore, breast cancer increasingly strikes healthy women in the prime of their lives, and these active women complain that prostheses are inconvenient, uncomfortable, and easily displaced during intense activity. Advances in breast reconstruction owe much to the thousands of women who were unwilling to accept the permanent deformity resulting from mastectomy. These women urged general surgeons to develop less ablative surgical treatments for breast cancer and encouraged plastic and reconstructive surgeons to develop new techniques for breast reconstruction.


A new high pressure viscometer based on a falling capillary tube was developed for the study of liquids and solutions. The viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of water containing 4.8 wt % CO2 at pressures up to 40 MPa and over the temperature range from 273.15 to 323.15 K. Measurements of methanol at 0.1 MPa and water at pressures up to 40 MPa and over the temperature range from 273 to 333 K were used to confirm the accuracy of the new viscometer. For the methanol and water, agreement to within 1.8% of the literature values was found. The new viscometer should be applicable up to 200 MPa as judged by the current apparatus and materials of construction.


This paper designed the airplane voice-warning system based on ARM microprocessor according the requirements of the specific aircraft.The system used stereo digital-to-speech voice chips and the differential-output to improve anti-jamming capability and introduced 50ms power-down protection in the hardware design.And it introduced U-Boot porting and alarm order priority processing and loaded a large speech database from NAND Flash into SDRAM directly to reduce sound interval in the software design.The voice-warning system has been applied in the specific aircraft.The result shows that this system can warn the pilots according to situction of the battlefied,and its interval is less than 40ms from receiving command to warning.The warning voice is clear and with uninterrupted sound.


Highlight CYP71BE5 from grapevine was identified as a sesquiterpene oxidase capable of transforming α-guaiene to (−)-rotundone, responsible for the characteristic spicy aroma in wines.


The invention discloses blood typing devices, and methods for testing blood type. The blood typing devices include a sample hosting unit, adapted to host reaction between a sample of blood and substance associated with agglutination, adapted to host liquid for washing the sample of blood after the reaction, and presenting one or more visual signals to identify the type of the sample of blood; and a liquid absorbing unit contacted with the sample hosting unit, adapted to absorb the liquid from the sample hosting unit. The invention further provides a fast and easy way for blood type testing.


UNLABELLED
Group B streptococcus is a main cause of perinatal infections and neonatal sepsis. In Poland there is no epidemiological data of the prevalence group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women and the risk for their newborns.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study is to define the prevalence of streptococcal B colonization in pregnant women and their newborns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The pregnant women and their newborns from Obstetric and Gynecology Department of National Research Institute of Mother and Child were included to our study during 2001 and 2002 years. Cervical, vaginal and perianal swab were obtained. Women with positive cultures were treated with antibiotic during labor. The external swabs of their neonate were obtained.

RESULTS
1678 pregnant women took part in our study. The GBS (streptococcus agalactiae) colonization was found in 331 women. The prevalence of pregnant women group B streptococcal colonization in the study is 19.7%. 70 of 203 neonates form mothers with positive results of our screening, had the GBS colonization confirmed. The prevalence of confirmed streptococcal colonization in neonates was 34.5%. One newborn developed early onset neonatal sepsis, during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of pregnant women group B streptococcal colonization about 20%. For the prevention of newborns intrapartum infections a major thing is the prevalence of the transmission risk to newborns from mothers with a GBS colonization and the appropriate intrapartum management.


This paper expatiates the configuration and function of the SCADA system and how to choose an appropriate database access technique to solve the conflict between the complexity of the system and the simplification of the operation, based on which, combing a SCADA system exploitation instance, presents the configuration and function of this system, along with an account of its design conception and communication network. Then it expatiates the characteristic of modularization and the realization of the software function by hardware.


e12578 Background: Despite efforts in recent years, major progress in cancer diagnosis remains to be elusive. Existing issues include inability to detect cancer early, relatively low sensitivity an...


The concept of tax safety of enterprise and role of tax strategy is considered in the article. Offered classification of types of tax strategy and certain functional features of organization of tax safety. The features of tax optimization are analysed as one of the most effective methods of management taxation.


A system of computer simulation programs was developed for the calculation of transient EHD analyses of connecting rods. Two different models for the calculation of the elastic deformations are compared : full dynamic deformations and quasi static deformations. For the quasi static analyses fixed displacement boundary conditions have to be applied, whereas for the full dynamic simulation no displacement boundary conditions are necessary. The presented results show, that the choice of boundary conditions and distributed mass effects strongly influence global and local deformations and lead to the conclusion, that the full dynamic solution should be used for connecting rod analyses.


In the context of the EU Habitats Directive, which contains the obligation of environmental monitoring, nature conservation authorities face a growing demand for effective and competitive methods to survey protected habitats. Therefore the presented research study compared three modelling approaches (rule-based method with applied Bavarian woodland types, multivariate technique of cluster analysis, and a fuzzy logic approach) for the purpose of detecting potential habitat types. The results can be combined with earth observation data of different geometric resolution (ASTER, SPOT5, aerial photographs or very high resolution satellite data) in order to determine actual forest habitat types. This was carried out at two test sites, situated in the pre-alpine area in Bavaria (southern Germany). The results were subsequently compared to the terrestrial mapped habitat areas of the NATURA 2000 management plans. First results show that these techniques are a valuable support in mapping and monitoring NATURA 2000 forest habitats. Introduction NATURA 2000 sites cover approximately seven per cent of the territory of Germany. The EU Habitats Directive (council directive 92/43/ECC, EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2003) requires a standardised monitoring of the habitat types and a reporting every six years. For this reason, an operational, objective, economically priced and as far as possible automated application is required. The rapidly developing remote sensing sensor technique and also new image processing methods offer new possibilities to apply remote sensing data for NATURA 2000 monitoring. The possibilities of remote sensing techniques for detecting and monitoring of biodiversity within the scope of the Habitats Directive has already been proven by EU projects SPIN (LANGANKE et al. 2004) and EON 2000+ (SELL et al. 2004). Consequently this study is a contribution to an effective implementation of these methods for operational use at the regional level (of German federal states). Therefore these methods have to be cost-effective and highly standardised to be a support in terrestrial mapping processes. With the introduction of a more detailed monitoring guideline as an extension of the EU Habitats directive (DocHab 04-03/03 rev.3, EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2005) the EU states that assessing and evaluating the conservation status of habitats and species within the NATURA 2000 network is not sufficient. Therefore an aggregation of the evaluated monitoring sites to the biogeographical level is necessary (NEUKIRCHEN 2005). The estimation of the spatial distribution and the kind of NATURA 2000 habitat types in a biogeographical region can be based on the modelling of potential natural vegetation associations. This can be done by the use of expert knowledge about the requirements of the habitat types in respect to site specific factors, such as soil type or relief. For this task, besides the study of historical sources, a modelling of potential natural vegetation as well as a monitoring with remote sensing techniques is required. Furthermore the modelled results of potential natural vegetation can give a support for mapping aerial photographs or classification of satellite images. Up to now, areawide information about the potential natural vegetation is available only on a large scale 1 : 500.000 (SEIBERT 1968; a new edition of the outline map is expected soon, SUCK & BUSHART 2005) or in form of statistical data (WALENTOWSKI 2001). In order to derive spatially more detailed facts, a rule-based, a multivariate, and a fuzzy logic approach were applied. Test Areas As test areas two sites ("Angelberger Forst" and "Taubenberg") in the pre-alpine region of southern Bavaria were chosen. These test sites sized 640 and 1850 hectares respectively, are nearly completely wooded. Within these NATURA 2000 sites, different semi-natural mixed forest types exist, including Beech forests (9110, 9130), Alluvial forests with Alnus and Fraxinus (91E0), and bog woodland (91D0). To evaluate the results of this study forest management plans (SEITZ & KESSLER 2004) or publications including mapped woodland habitats (WALENTOWSKI et al. 2005) were available for the two selected areas. Figure 1 shows the locations of the test sites and the existing forest habitat types. waldökologie online 2 (2005) 126 AFSV Kombinierte Methoden aus Modellierung, Messung und Geländearbeit 9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forest 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forest 9160 Oak hornbeam forests 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes 91DO Bog woodland 91D3 Mountain pine bog woods 91D4 Mire spruce woods 91E0 Alluvial forests 9410 Aciophilous Pieca forests Fig. 1: Test sites in the pre-alpine area of the federal state Bavaria. The "Angelberger Forst" area is dominated by habitat type 9110 (L u z u l o – F a g e t u m) while the "Taubenberg" area is dominated by habitat type 9130 (A s p e r u l o – F a g e t u m). For the area of the "Taubenberg" it is important to notice that habitat type 9130 consists of a considerable percentage of fir-mixture. Within European NATURA 2000 areas Abies forests should be recorded carefully as special habitats. Because of their transitional character between temperate beech forests (habitat type 9130) and boreal spruce forests (habitat type 9410) the forest type is assigned to habitat type 9130 (WALENTOWSKI et al. 2005). Spatial modelling of potential natural forest associations Although the forest composition in Central Europe is heavily influenced by human utilization, the existence of certain forest types depends on environmental conditions. Those site factors, e.g. determined by soil type, altitude above sea level and steepness of the surface, by specific mesoand micro-climatic conditions, or availability of water are even included in planting decisions with the use of forestry site maps. Consequently, spatial modelling based on the most significant environmental factors and empirical knowledge about the growth conditions of the important tree species can help to determine potential natural vegetation on comprehensible algorihtms (DÖRING & JANSEN 2005; JANSEN et al. 2002). Moreover, at a biogeographic scale the approach can help to identify the range and the area covered for each habitat. In combination with remote sensing data a spatial modelling provides an important tool for complex monitoring tasks (FÖRSTER et al. 2005; FRICK 2004). For the modelling of the potential natural forest associations a digital terrain model (DTM 5 and DTM 25), a conceptual soil map (1 : 25.000) as well as a forestry site map were used (see Table 1). To exclude regional knowledge and receive results transferable to other NATURA 2000 sites, the data was processed without a field survey. Tab. 1: List of existing spatial data. Because of the higher percentage of private forest in the "Taubenberg" area, the availibility of information is more difficult. Data Type Angelberger Forst Taubenberg Map of habitat types available available Digital Terrain Model available (DTM 25) available (DTM 5 and DTM 25) Climate data Climate atlas Bavaria Climate atlas Bavaria Conceptual Soil Map available available Forestry Site Map available not available Silvicultural Map available not available Management Plan available not availbale waldökologie online 2 (2005) 127 AFSV Kombinierte Methoden aus Modellierung, Messung und Geländearbeit Rule-based method The purpose of this easily comprehensible and rule-based method was to model potential natural forest associations in areas with identical natural woodland composition (WALENTOWSKI et al. 2004). The test sites are situated in the region of mountainous mixed forest (Taubenberg) and beech forest (Angelberger Forst). For habitat types, which could exist in this natural woodland composition, a register of location-factors was developed, including soil type, relief type, water balance, and siterelated additional attributes, such as the location of very dry areas. Furthermore sites with a high (H) suitability and sites where the existence of the habitat type is generally possible (P) or excludable (E) were distinguished. Based on the existing suitability the geo-data were combined to a set of rules (see Figure 2): 1. Modelling of locations with high (H) and excludable (E) suitability for a habitat type. As an example, the possibility of the existence of bog woodland (91D0) on brown soils will be excluded, while the existence on peaty soils is highly possible. 2. Modelling of the possible occurrences (P) of a habitat type. A case in point would be the suitability of L u z u l o – F a g e t u m (9110), which has a wide range of possibilities to occur. This habitat type can grow on different relief types (southern exposition, steep slopes, hilltops) as well as on different soil types (sand, gravel). These geo-factors are not spatially exclusive. Therefore a site can be chosen as a possible habitat type due to one or several parameters. In this case, the number of possible occurrences was summed up. 3. The calculated site qualities for the habitat types were combined. Firstly a potential forest association is chosen for areas with high suitability (H). At sites without H the habitat type with the largest number of possible occurrences was selected. 4. At each grid cell the dominating habitat type will be chosen as the potential natural forest association. The result is a complete spatial database of the potential natural vegetation. Fig. 2: Scheme of the rule-based model. Multivariate clustering of relief types The multivariate clustering method of relief types (developed from SCILANDS inc.) assumes that distribution patterns of various site specific factors are significantly affected by changes of the terrain. Classifying the terrain into landscape ecologic relevant morphographic units can give important evidences concerning the distribution of woodland associations. Therefore three autonomous relief type categories of the terrain were calculated: Subdivision of the relie


A method for defining the limits of diaphragms which allow an assessment of good sound coupling during ultrasound testing of a series of spot welding joints of a selected type. For the spot weld the geometrical minimum thickness dMin is first established. The minimum thickness is smaller than an overall sheet thickness dT of connected together by the spot welding joint plates. An ultrasonic probe is coupled to a test spot weld, so that at least one ultrasonic pulse is acoustically irradiated to a front surface of the spot welding joint and its echo signals are received. At least one echo from the front surface (entry echo), an echo of the first reflection on a rear wall of the spot weld (first rear wall echo) and at least one further (n th) rear wall echo are received. The run time Tmin of the ultrasonic pulse is determined for the path from the front face to the rear wall and back to the front surface at the minimum thickness Dmin and also the transit time TT for the total thickness. A first shutter B1 is set for the signal of the first rear wall echo, the time T1S = tE + tMin - tSA and begins at the time T1T = tE + tT + tSE ends, with tSA and TSE are small safety allowances. An n-th aperture is set for the n th rear wall echo, it starts at the time tnS = tE + tMin n e - Tse and ends at time TNT = tE + tT + n E tSE. The probe is ...


Angiotensin II (ANG II) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) via an NADPH-oxidase in vascular system and leukocytes. ROS increase the formation of isoprostanes, which in turn increase the synthesis and release of endothelin (ET). ROS, isoprostane and ET are vasoconstrictors. ROS degrade nitric oxide (NO) a vasodilator. Superoxide, a member of the ROS family reacts with NO to generate peroxynitrite a potent oxidant. Peroxynitrite stimulates PGH2 synthase and hence increases the production of thromboxane A2, a vasoconstrictor. Peroxynitrite also inhibits prostacyclin synthase that would result in decreased synthesis of prostacyclin a vasodilator. ROS and peroxynitrite would produce endothelial cell dysfunction resulting in a decrease in production of vasodilators and hence unopposed action of circulating vasoconstrictors. Ang II-induced hypertension is attenuated by antioxidants and this effect is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress. The evidence to date suggests that Ang II releases ROS by stimulating NADPH-oxidase in the vascular system and leukocytes. ROS directly or through synthesis and release of isoprostanes and ET, in activation of NO and generation of peroxyinitrite produces vasoconstriction and hence induce hypertension.


This paper examines how a pair of Korean–American siblings interact and socialize and how their interactions change over time as the younger sibling starts to go to an English-speaking preschool. A 7-year-old Korean–English bilingual girl and her 3-year-old sister were observed in their home over 23 visits within a year. Their discourse data, including 33 h of audio-recordings, were analyzed from the Language Socialization perspective. The older sibling's authority derived from the age-based Korean family hierarchy inevitably played a role in creating shared benefits in the bilingual sibling relationship. After the younger sibling began to speak English, there were noticeable changes in the power asymmetry and language parallelism—the younger sibling's repetition of older sibling's utterances. This study offers insight into the bidirectionality of sibling socialization processes of sibling interactions in relation to their bilingual and bicultural development. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


The step-by-step guide to the genre of Film Noir. Shrouded in suspician, racked with cynicism and tortured by doomed love, in the 1940s and 50s Hollywood revealed its dark side in a wave of films that were dubbed 'film noir' by French critics, both for their heavy use of shade and for their black outlook. Film Noir looks at the defining movies made in this brooding, menacing tone, covering such classics as The Maltese Falcon, The Big Sleep, The Killers and Kiss Me Deadly, and analysis film noir's typical use of expressionistic lighting, deep-focus camera work and disorientating visual schemes. As well as discussing plot and structure in detail, the book profiles iconic actors such as Robert Mitchum in Out of the Past and The Night of the Hunter, legendary directors such as Billy Wilder, Orson Welles and Stanley Kubrick, and writers such as Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett and James M Cain on whose work many of the films were based. From Stranger on the Third Floor to Touch of Evil, this accessible and essential guide examines some of the finest, most innovative and interesting films that Hollywood has ever produced.


The synthesis and characterization of seven (ZnII)2bis(porphyrin) molecules are described. The molecular structures of two bis(porphyrin)s (6 and 7) were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Four of the compounds have their porphyrin moieties attached in a meta-fashion to a substituted benzene ring (1−4), two have porphyrin rings attached in a gem-fashion to a carbon−carbon double bond (6 and 7), and one bis(porphyrin) (5) has a p-phenylene coupler. Bis(porphyrin)s 1, 4, and 5 contain tetraaryl-type porphyrins, while 2, 3, 6, and 7 contain triarylethynylporphyrins. Except for exciton coupling in the unoxidized species, interaction between porphyrins is greater in the triarylethynyl-type bis(porphyrin)s than in the tetraaryl-type bis(porphyrin)s regardless of the number of bonds through which the interaction propagates. The cyclic voltammetry of the bis(porphyrin)s was examined, and a varying degree of interaction between electrophores within the series was found. Redox splitting was observed for porph...


The invention discloses a production formula of diphenyl tetracyclic aspect and technique thereof, which aims to solve the technique problems that diphenyl tetracyclic aspect can be directly synthesized under a simple technical condition and the quality is improved. The production formula is composed of the following raw materials in weight proportion: 150-250 portions of industry alcohol, 80-150portions of diphenyl silanediol, 4/10000-75/10000 portions of potassium hydroxide alkali glue, and 4/30000-75/30000 portions of phosphoric acid. The production technique comprises the following steps: the industry alcohol and diphenyl silanediol are put into a reaction kettle according to the weight proportion, mixed and heated up to 70 DEG C, the potassium hydroxide alkali glue is added, 1.5 hours later, phosphoric acid is added and the temperature is changed below 40 DEG C. Compared with the prior art, the production formula has the advantages of simple production equipment, relative high conversion rate and reliable quality by directly condensing and synthesizing phenyl tetracyclic aspect from diphenyl silanediol.


This is part of a report submitted to Industry Canada in response to their consultation on the digital economy July 9, 2010


A phase I/II dose-ranging study of nitazoxanide (NTZ), a new drug for cryptosporidiosis, is opening this month at Cornell/New York Hospital. Previous rodent studies have shown NTZ had greater anti-cryptosporidiosis activity than paromomycin, at substantially lower doses, and a Malian trial (500mg twice daily) showed clinical improvement and clearance of cryptosporidia in two-thirds of those participating. Doubt, however, has risen that NZT's antidiarrheal effect may be due to its activity against other, concurrent parasitic infections, which may have been the primary cause of diarrhea in the people under study.


By enzymatically establishing a rapid (essentially equilibrium) coupling of a redox coenzyme such as NAD with the components of the ferrocyanide–ferricyanide half‐cell (e.g., using excess diaphorase) the half‐cell potential can be used to monitor another enzymatic reaction involving the same coenzyme. This approach provides a general, rapid potentiometric method of assaying coenzyme‐dependent oxidoreductase enzymes. We show that these assay systems can be designed for multiple turnover of coenzyme (in our case NAD) during a single assay thereby amplifying the rate of electromotive force (emf) change with a concomitant increase in sensitivity of enzyme assay. This allows the use of small concentrations of coenzyme and extension of the range of enzyme concentrations that may be assayed.


Abstract Extended empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are used to define a phase space for the analysis of tropical stratospheric wind data, extending our previous study of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in several manners. First, the sensitivity of the analysis to the length of the window (w) is discussed in some detail. As w increases, the leading pair of EOFs become more concentrated on the period near 28 months; simultaneously, the signals contained in higher-order EOFs become more significant, with more clearly defined periodicities; however, for large w more EOFs are required to represent the same variance. There appear to be two stable regimes: when w is less than 20 months the first two EOFs describe a QBO with some irregularities in the onset of easterly wind regimes, whereas when w exceeds 30 months such irregularities are represented by the third and fourth EOFS. Second, the first pair of EOFs with w = 40 are regarded as representing a pure QBO signal, subject to variations in cycle len...


To analyze the effect of yoga practice time with respect to balance, agility and
lumbopelvic control 30 participants who practice yoga between the ages of 17 to 34 years, female and male, who were divided into three groups taking into account the time they have practiced yoga, group 1; 2 to4 months of practice, group2; 6 to 8 months of practice and group 3; 12 to 18 months of practice, the three groups underwent an evaluation session which included the evaluation of the balance through the excursion balance test, the agility through the Illionois agility test and the lumbopelvic control using the Sahrmann test. The agility did not determine significant differences in the evaluation of the three groups F 2,27 equal 1,771, p equal 0,814. In the balance, the evaluation projected differences between the groups evaluated the lower right limb F 2, 27 equal 1349,633, p equal 0,000, between group 1 and 2 p equal 0,009; between group 1 and 3 p equal 0.000 and between group 2 and 3 p equal 0.034 and lower left limb F 2.27 equal 1747.942, p equal 0.000, between group 1 and 2 p equal 0.040; between group 1 and 3 p equal 0.000 and between group 2 and 3 p equal 0.003. In the lumbopelvic control, the results showed the differences between the groups F 2,27 equal 13,472, p equal 0,001, between group 1 and 2 p equal 0,140, between group 2 and 3 p equal 0,281 and between group 1 and 3 p equal 0.001. Yoga positively influences of balance and lumbopelvic control and there is a relationship directly proportional to the practice time of this discipline. The agility is not related to the practice of yoga.


The parliamentary groups are formed after free and democratic elections by political parties or various political coalitions under the Rules of Procedure of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo. They play an important role by providing a great contribution to the functioning of parliamentary life, representing their voters in the realization of their interests. There are three diversity parliamentary groups, parliamentary groups formed by position, the ones formed by the opposition, and those which do not belong to any party (independent deputies). In democratic systems, members of the parliamentary groups express freely their opinions and interests in order to realize their political programmes. This study aims to reflect the functioning of the parliamentary groups of the Republic of Kosovo during the period 2011-2014. A better functioning of the parliamentary groups would contribute in enhancing the effectiveness of decisions undertaken in the parliamentary sessions on various political issues. The study includes the President of the Assembly of Kosovo, heads of the parliamentary groups, representatives of the parliamentary groups and the person who monitored the Assembly during the last legislation. Among the applied methods used in this study were: qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews; whilst the sourcing techniques (means) used to achieve the interview were: semi-structured questionnaire and a recorder with multimedia tools. Results show that the parliamentary groups in the previous legislation lacked the quality debates, professional assistance, genuine parliamentary democracy, etc. From these results we can conclude that the parliamentary groups of the last legislation did not function at the satisfactory level, and did not use all the legal mechanisms in their strengthening and the independence of their decisions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s1p36


ABSTRACT This article highlights the activity of the Anti-Slavery Society and the role of parliament as the centre of British political life, providing a brief insight into petitions for human rights, and the ensuing parliamentary debates. In 1807 the British Parliament made the slave trade illegal, a significant milestone in the anti-slavery movement, but slavery remained an underlying principle of British colonial rule. In 1825, Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton became the head of the anti-slavery party, continuing the struggle in Parliament until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act freed all enslaved people in the British Empire. Buxton, however, considered the passing of the act to be the first in a series of parliamentary regulations, requiring approval and implementation. Buxton therefore continued the anti-slavery campaign until his death in 1845. In 1838 he published The African Slave Trade and Its Remedy, suggesting that the British government make treaties with rulers in Africa because political reform alone had eliminated neither the slave trade nor slavery itself. Other means had to be pursued, such as trade, commerce, and religious proselytism. Despite the fact that slavery was not eliminated in Buxton's lifetime, his political career left an indelible mark on the history of the abolition movement.


Summary form only given, as follows. A long lifetime neutral beam injector (NBI) system is necessary for heating future fusion plasmas. Therefore negative ion sources for NBI system should be constructed by using high frequency discharge plasmas. A radiofrequency discharge plasma is one of the most promising candidate for long lifetime ion sources. We studied production and control of ECR and RF (i e capacitively coupled plasma.) plasmas by using the magnetic filter method.


The term symbol is a shortened depiction of the total angular momentum quantum numbers in a multi-electron atom in quantum mechanics. Besides, a term symbol can also describe even a single electron. Both the electronic configuration and term symbol of an atom illustrate each energy level of an atom because the energy level also alters with the change in the total angular momentum and spin. L-S coupling (also well-known as Russell–Saunders coupling) is understood by the traditional atomic term symbols. Among many term symbols, the most stable i.e. ground state symbol is predicted with the help of Hund's rule. The present paper describes an interesting activity and deals with the new and easy trick to be used for writing a ground state term symbol of an electron present in any one of the s, p & d-orbital electrons. Besides, this trick also facilitates active learning in classrooms. Moreover, it is also very useful for the fast calculation of spin multiplicity and the total angular momentum of f-orbital electrons. Besides, it may also be useful in the future for the fast calculation of spin multiplicity and the total angular momentum of g-orbital electrons.


Based on a resource-based view, we explore the relationship between ambidextrous innovation human capital and the efficiency of technological innovation and its stage efficiency in big data enterprises. We divide their technological innovation into two stages: technological development and the commercialization of technological achievements. For a more reasonable efficiency measurement, we construct an efficiency evaluation index system based on the entropy value method (EVM) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and we measure and evaluate their technological innovation efficiency from both static and dynamic perspectives. We conduct an empirical analysis with a sample of Chinese big data listed companies from 2014–2017. After regression analysis and its robustness test, we find that ambidextrous innovation human capital has a significant impact on the technological innovation efficiency of big data enterprises, that incremental innovation human capital and radical innovation human capital have opposite impact relationships in the technological development stage and that radical innovation human capital may have a more significant economic significance on the efficiency of commercializing technological achievements of big data enterprises. In the course of our analysis, we also find some other relevant findings. Finally, we formulate some relevant management suggestions.


The paper deals with the mythological concept «giant» as a dynamic unit accumulating a wide range of mythological ideas of the universe. Dynamics, changeability of the mythological concept in the national concept sphere is manifested in its acquisition of attributes reflecting socially significant characteristics of corresponding referents of imaginary reality. Non-mythological attributes in question co-exist with mythological attributes gradually replacing them in the peripheral sphere of the concept.


Objectives: To establish a serological method for rapid and accurate detection of antiCNN2 antibodies in serum; to develop a new method for the further detection of CNN2 tumor-associated antigens in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and to investigate the possibilities of using CNN2 as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Procedures: We have established an indirect ELISA method for the detection of anti-CNN2 antibodies and optimized the experimental multiple steps in order to obtain stable detection results. Results: The final concentration of the coating CNN2 protein antigen is 10 mg/L, and the optimal dilution for sera is 1:1024; The best blocking solution is 0.5% BSA, also the optimal dilution ratio of enzyme-labeled antibody is 1:9000. Conclusions: Under the optimized conditions, the difference of absorbance value among repeated tests can be controlled within 0.05, the ratio of positive and negative values (P/N) have been greater than 2.0, the repeated testing results of intra-group and inter-group have been stable and the mean coefficient of variation (CV) is 5.3%.


Boreal forests store a large fraction of global terrestrial carbon and are susceptible to environmental change, particularly rising temperatures and increased fi re frequency. These changes have the potential to drive positive feedbacks between climate warming and the boreal carbon cycle. Because few studies have examined the warming response of boreal ecosystems recovering from fi re, we established a greenhouse warming experiment near Delta Junction, Alaska, seven years after a 1999 wild fi re. We hypothesized that experimental warming would increase soil CO 2 ef fl ux, stimulate nutrient mineralization, and alter the composition and function of soil fungal communities. Although our treatment resulted in 1.20 (cid:1) C soil warming, we found little support for our hypothesis. Only the activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased signi fi cantly by 15% and 35%, respectively, and there were no changes in soil fungal communities. Warming resulted in drier soils, but the corresponding change in soil water potential was probably not suf fi cient to limit microbial activity. Rather, the warming response of this soil may be constrained by depletion of labile carbon substrates resulting from combustion and elevated soil temperatures in the years after the 1999 fi re. We conclude that positive feedbacks between warming and the microbial release of soil carbon are weak in boreal ecosystems lacking permafrost. Since permafrost-free soils underlie 45 e 60% of the boreal zone, our results should be useful for modeling the warming response during recovery from fi re in a large fraction of the


Dilute suspensions of vaccinia virus, prepared in various ways, have been sedimented upon a smooth surface and examined by electron microscopy. The observed aggregation, probably similar to that which exists in plaque titration experiments, is found to involve usually over 60% and often over 90% of the particles. Sonic waves are found to be more effective than repeated freezing and thawing, enzymes or pipetting for dispersal of aggregation among the virus particles. This comparison is done by counting and expressing as a percentage of the total count, the number of groups or potentially active units seen in the pictures. The rate of reaggregation of dispersed suspensions was similarly measured.
 Plaque titration shows the effects of dispersive agents which increase the percentage of active units (AU) and of plaques as well, whereas the total virus particle count remains unchanged. The observed increase in plaques (84% in one experiment) is less, however, than the corresponding increase in AU. This is attributed to the fact that only a small fraction of the virus particles are capable of producing plaques.


ABSTRACT Korea's doctoral education system, which began over 70 years ago on the ruins of the Korean War, has experienced rapid growth until recently. Now, it must continue to progress towards a stage of qualitative maturity that shows world-class levels in education and research achievements. Along with dramatic economic and social development in Korea over the past few decades, it seems that the meaning and value of a doctoral degree and the characteristics and composition of students who pursue it have also undergone major changes. Therefore, Korea needs to reinvent its postgraduate education system in response to recent social and economic changes in Korea and around the world. To this end, this article reviews the historical background and main features of the current doctoral education system and suggests some policy implications for meaningful changes.


The relative potential for soluble and transport losses of aquaculture waste was examined. The waste was collected at four junctures between introduction to the environment and the culmination of settlement, including samples of feed, faeces, particulate matter in the water column obtained from sediment traps, and the benthos. Organic matter was used as a model system to investigate the fate of these components because it was simple to analyse and previous research has found it to be correlated to carbon and nutrient levels in the samples. A narrow definition of each loss was considered. Soluble losses were examined by measuring change in organic matter content while the samples were in a stationary water field. The potential for transport losses was examined by determining if light and heavy fractions of a sample differed in their amount of organic matter. Faecal matter had a very high solubility potential, and lost approximately 50% of its organic matter in 12 days. No other sample had losses > 10%. The benthic samples gained organic matter while sitting in the stationary water field. There was no discernible trend to the samples' potential for transport losses. However, for all replicates combined, the smaller the proportion of the lighter fraction, the greater the difference (+) in the organic matter content between the light and heavy fractions. Thus, lighter material is the last to settle and thus more prone to be transported further afield. The implications of this study include the need for model studies to examine different types of loss and also elucidation of divergent degradation properties of each component. This study also points to a functional mechanism behind greater environmental impacts associated with poorly managed farms.


Vegetable tannins can be degraded into simple phenolic compounds or their derivatives by tannase from microbes.Fermentation conditions have a great effect on production of the hydrolase.Tara tannin hydrolase from Aspergillus niger with the activity of 44.29 U/mL was attained using solid-state fermentation under the conditions of 75 g/L tara tannin,3 g/L glucose,0.2 g/L (NH_4)_2SO_4,5.6%(w/v) PUF,initial pH 5.5,inoculum volume 12%(v/v) at 30 ℃ for 72 h.The results can provide some references for understanding tara tannin biodegradation.


The small number of securely datable pottery deposits on Minoan Crete poses one of the crucial problems of Neopalatial chronology. Zominthos, however, seems to be the exception to that rule. The ceramic assemblage found in the area of the pottery workshop derives from a sealed deposit par excellence and is thus of paramount chronological significance. All, or at least most of the vases under consideration probably belong to the final series of pottery production at Zominthos, which facilitates the exact dating of the destruction of the ›Central Building‹ and may offer a chronologically fixed point for the use of LM I style pottery. The studies on the material raised theoretical questions on how to date pottery in general, and Neopalatial vases in particular, taking into account taphonomic conditions, the character of decorative styles and vessel shapes, and their chronological significance. This article tries to formulate and discuss these questions by establishing a relative date for the destruction of the ›Central Building‹ and underline its chronological significance for Neopalatial Crete.


This paper is aiming at a domestic 690 t/h CFB Boiler of one power plant,to do cold test,hot test and operating adjustment.The cold and host testing results can help to calibrate air flow measuring system,to adjust the oxygen field and temperature field.By operating adjustment,combustion efficiency was improved by 0.83% at high load condition,the current of fans decreased,which can be the reference of the operating of the same type CFB boilers.


After made the boundary of Tonkin Bay between China and Vietnam clear, the 630,000 fishing population in Leizhou Peninsula area faced the transferring of their job. One of the effective approach to address this issue and the contribution of new socialism countryside (including fishing village) is the development of the coastal fishing village tourism. The advantage of the tourism in Leizhou Peninsula was obvious. However, the development of this industry was lag behind at present. Based on the field investigation, this article not only analysed the necessity and optimizing objective of the fishing tourism products, but also put forward lots of ways to implement this optimization.


The Citizens United v. FEC United States Supreme Court decision in January of 2010 historically ruled that donating money to political causes is considered free speech under the constitution, and that corporations are people, thus giving them a constitutional right to donating money under the First Amendment. The ruling opened the floodgates for huge amounts of money into the US political system. This paper analyzes the effect of campaign spending in US House of Representatives elections, and specifically the role that donations from Political Action Committees (PACs) and Super PACs play in gaining vote share. By separating spending and opponent spending by donation source, as opposed to analyzing "campaign expenditures" as a whole, the analysis shows a strong, highly significant increase in vote share for an increase in PAC support.


Historical campus in China has been challenged by rapid motorization. The campus of Wuhan University has a long history and boasts of many nationally protected historical buildings. In addition to ordinary management, the campus has become a tourist attraction. A number of motor vehicles entering the campus has caused many traffic problems. This paper discusses traffic problems existing in the campus of Wuhan University, and analyzes travel demand and travel modes for different purposes. Based on accessibility measurement, this paper discusses ways of integrating different modes of travel in and outside the campus. Much emphasis is put on integration of walking and bus travel. Also, suggestions are put forward on improving pedestrian environment by decreasing unnecessary motor vehicles in the historical area.


Effective communication is the basis of success of any extension programme. Extension agents have much number of methods available for exchanging information with farmers, research workers and other members of the agricul- tural system. Different extension teaching methods used, either as single method or combination of methods, the effectiveness to different extension teaching methods vary. So the study was conducted to know which media-mix treatment is effective in communicating the simple cotton production technology in nine villages from Parbhani tahsil of Parbhani district of the Maharashtra State. Nine different media-mix treatments were used in this experiment. It was observed that the lecture + method demonstration + group discussion was the most effective media- mix treatment in terms of how-to knowledge gain as well as retention by the farmers.


From 2002 through 2004, the National Library of Indonesia distributed block grants to 250 school libraries in the province of Central Java scattered in 10 districts, 150 school libraries in West Nusa Tenggara for 7 districts, 125 school libraries in South Sumatera in 5 districts while in the province of Bangka Belitung only to one municipality covering 25 school libraries. For three years, a school library which serves only one school received a block grant of 19 million rupiahs or approximately US $2000, while (multiple) school library which serves two or more schools received 29 million rupiahs or around US 3200 all for books. Beside that, there are trainings for library staffs conducted at the province capital as well as at the districts and supervision from the National Library. After three year implementation, the National Library set up two independent teams to evaluate the school library performance, block grant awardees. The first team consists of five consultant on education and librarianship while the second one is an independent consultant bureau. Among the findings are the rise of book usages among school children, rising initiatives among teacher cum teacher in charge of library to correlate the library activities with the class programme and communities' activities, the provision of separate building for school library especially in South Sumatera. However there anxieties on the continuation of the school libraries after the project is over, as not all grant-receiving-districts have enough budget to provide finances for the school library operations after the project is over.


.. Objectives: To evaluate the protective role of silymarin against methotrexate (MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Study design: Randomized controlled trial on animal model. Period: 06 months from March 2016 to August 2016. Settings: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material and Methods: Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). Group A received 0.2 ml normal saline intraperitoneally served as control for MTX. Group B received 0.2 ml distilled water orally for 7 days served as control for oral silymarin. Group C received single intraperitoneal injection of MTX 20 mg/kg. Group D received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for seven days. Group E received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for 7 days with MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally at day 4. Blood samples for measuring serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase), AST (Aspartate transaminase) and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) along with liver samples for hepatic histological examination were taken after 24 hours of last dose. Results: Silymarin show hepatoprotective effect against MTX induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Silymarin has hepatoprotective potential when administered along with MTX.


Significance Our work provides evidence for a mechanism for the formation of membrane microdomains in which the local concentration of a phospholipid can change independently of the bulk membrane to confer selectivity on membrane protein regulation. We found that, despite the fact that all TWIK-related K channel (TREK) family members are sensitive to phosphatidic acid (PA), only TREK1 and TREK2 are potentiated by phospholipase D2 (PLD2) (which produces PA), but not by PLD1. This surprising specificity is due to the direct binding of PLD2 to TREK. This binding allows a local PA production that tonically activates the channel. Furthermore, we found the local signaling via PA to have a secondary focusing effect for primary alcohols, which inhibit the channel by altering the PA microdomain. Membrane lipids serve as second messengers and docking sites for proteins and play central roles in cell signaling. A major question about lipid signaling is whether diffusible lipids can selectively target specific proteins. One family of lipid-regulated membrane proteins is the TWIK-related K channel (TREK) subfamily of K2P channels: TREK1, TREK2, and TWIK-related arachdonic acid stimulated K+ channel (TRAAK). We investigated the regulation of TREK channels by phosphatidic acid (PA), which is generated by phospholipase D (PLD) via hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Even though all three of the channels are sensitive to PA, we found that only TREK1 and TREK2 are potentiated by PLD2 and that none of these channels is modulated by PLD1, indicating surprising selectivity. We found that PLD2, but not PLD1, directly binds to the C terminus of TREK1 and TREK2, but not to TRAAK. The results have led to a model for selective lipid regulation by localization of phospholipid enzymes to specific effector proteins. Finally, we show that regulation of TREK channels by PLD2 occurs natively in hippocampal neurons.


Modern methods of wool combing demand that the wool be fed to the comb in a sliver form. Scoured Wool is transformed from its loose lock state to the sliver b y one of two processes— carding or preparing. The choice of process is primarily governed by the staple length of the wool, the longer fibres of, say, 9 inches or more, being passed through the preparing process whilst the shorter fibres are carded. Since there is a direct relationship between length and diameter of wool fibres, it follows that the preparing process is confined to the long coarse fibres, whilst carding converts the shorter fine fibres to a sliver suitable for combing. This paper is confined, in the main, to the carding process and has particular reference to the pro cessing of merino wools of 60-70's quality. A worsted card sliver is judged by two major standards (a) the degree of fibre breakage which has occurred during the process, and (b) by the clear appearance of the sliver leaving the back doffer of the machine. The extent of fibre breakage will affect the tear of the wool during combing, a subject o f very great importance, but this paper is concerned with nep formation and fibre breakage will, therefore, only be discussed in so far as it affects nep formation. A cloudy sliver might result from two causes : the presence of vegetable m atter, and the presence of neps. The causes and mode of removal of the former fault are fairly obvious, but the origin of neps is more obscure. The precise causes of nep formation are extremely difficult to elucidate since the process of carding, where they first make their appearance, is a combination of many actions and it is impossible to isolate the effect of each one in turn. Kraus1 carried out a fairly comprehensive survey of the problem, using a Continental card, which differs from the standard Bradford model in that the licker section of the British machine is replaced by a breast complete with workers and strippers. It can be argued that the carding actions of these opening sections are not the same so that some of K raus' experiments have been repeated on the Bradford ca rd ; these, together with his con clusions, will be dealt with in the experimental section. Microscopic examination of neps reveals that the m ajority are clusters of fibres, knotted together or twisted round one another, forming little balls of fibre. There are a few, but they are definitely in a m inority, which possess a nucleus of vegetable m atter or grease, around which the fibres are bound. A length analysis of the fibres going to make the nep shows that 70 per cent, of them are below 2 cms. Fig. 1 shows the length-frequency distribution curves of the fibres of a normal card sliver and the neps extracted from this sliver. This graph might be misinterpreted to conclude that short fibres


*Developing Countries and Their Problems *Developments in the International Order Since 1500 *Development and Stagnation: Theories and Experiences *Population and Development *Health *Education and Development *Industrialisation and Industrialisation Strategies *Industrialisation and Agrarian Development *Agricultural Development and Rural Development *State Formation and Political Aspects of Development *Cultural Aspects of Development *International Aspects of Development *Development Aid and Its Contribution to Development


The properties of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) in actuation, sensing, or energy harvesting applications are very sensitive to pre-stress levels. This work presents the experimental characterization of the magneto-mechanical behavior of Galfenol under static compressive and tensile stress. The results show the high sensitivity of both magnetization and strain to the stress level. A multiscale modeling tool is then used to model the measured magnetic and magnetostrictive responses. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed multiscale approach to capture the magneto-elastic effects with a very limited number of material parameters.


The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that disaster doubles the occurrence of mental distress. Yet certain children show huge resilience, despite losing their homes and parents, while others suffer enormous mental distress. Gene–environment interdependence plays a crucial role in children's different reactions: experience of disasters is genetically influenced, and may influence the rest of a victim's life.


This paper investigates BER performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication over strong turbulence channel together with pointing errors effects. Take atmospheric attenuation, atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors into account, a statistical model for the optical intensity fluctuation at the receiver is described. For given weather and misalignment conditions, a closed-form expression is derived for BER performance of FSO communication system. Moreover, the simulation results show that the closed-form expression can provide sufficient precision for evaluating BER performance of FSO communication systems.


icy research, (such as Global Burden of Disease and Injuries type studies (GBD)) [7] . This was because studies that are not necessarily obviously population based, particularly those from settings where there are few data, might be of greater value to projects such as the GBD that needs to synthesise evidence, if they were reported better. The Standards of Reporting of Neurological Disorders (STROND) checklist has 15 key items and distinguishes between items that are deemed to be 'basic minimum reporting' requirements and items that are deemed to be 'ideal reporting' requirements. Complete details on how the STROND checklist was designed and developed have been reported elsewhere [8] . It is envisaged that although the STROND checklist is aimed at improving the reporting of descriptive epidemiological studies of neurological disorders, we believe that it would also be of interest to researchers wishing to report their descriptive epidemiological studies in other areas. The 15-item checklist provides a framework to satisfy the need for completeness and transparency of reporting of incidence and prevalence studies of neurological disorders. We attempted to strike a balance between the adequate detail and concise reporting, so that we incorporate both 'basic minimum reporting' standards as well as 'ideal reporting' criteria in the checklist. As has been done with other reporting guidelines [9, Neurological diseases are becoming more prevalent as the world's population ages, and their burden is expected to increase globally [1] . These conditions are often subtle in their clinical manifestation and are prone to misconceptions and misinterpretations [2] . In epidemiological studies, neurological conditions can provide particular challenges such as rare conditions, variable diagnostic criteria that may also need sophisticated technology, and different stages of the disease. High-quality prevalence and incidence studies of neurological conditions that follow a systematic approach are essential for estimating the burden of disease globally for comparing the estimates between various countries and populations, for priority setting, resource allocation and for planning public health approaches. For neurological conditions, descriptive epidemiological studies can provide important information on (a) trends and gaps in the health service needs; (b) estimates of morbidity, mortality and economic burden from these diseases; and (c) can be used for generating new hypotheses on causation or natural history of the disease. Descriptive epidemiological studies are particularly useful for estimating prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality time trends for studies where global health is of concern [3] . We developed a reporting guideline using a consensus-based approach [4–6] that outlines the key information to be reported for descriptive health polReceived: June 4, 2015 Accepted: July 10, 2015 Published online: August 19, 2015


The recent technological improvements of inkjet pri ers have been significant, and these printers are now ing widespread acceptance in offices and homes. On the most important factors for this acceptance has b the achievement of high image quality. There are major approaches to improving the image quality inkjet printers. The first is to increase the inkjet hea resolution. The second is to develop a multilevel er diffusion method using multiconcentration inks. We ha opted for the second approach and have been ab improve the halftoning method by exploiting some n insights we have gained. The conventional multile error diffusion method generates contouring at the lo tions in which the original picture's density is close the density of the multiconcentration inks, because those points no error occurs. In this study we anal the conventional methods to explain this contouring. the basis of this analysis we propose a new, improved tilevel error diffusion method. To verify our theory expe mentally we have used a silver halide printer to simu a printer based on our new technology. We have evalu the image quality of our new method with that of t conventional method and found our method superio


This study aims at analyzing the convergence of Internet-of-Things and wearables technologies using cooperative patent classification(CPC). CPC, introduced to an increasing number of technological fields of Korean patents, is expected to be widely used in Patent Informatics because the classification codes in CPC are more specific than those of IPC, which reflect the characteristics of technologies in detail with accuracy. CPC has seldom been used up to date and most of the previous researches on technological convergence used IPC. As a pre-analysis step for analyzing the trend of technological convergence of IoT and wearables, CPC and IPC codes assigned to each patent were compared. By applying association rule mining to the analysis of CPC codes, we identified the technological fields where convergence frequently takes place and examined the trend of technological convergence over time.


Abstract Beydemir, Ş. Gülçin, İ., Hisar, O., Küfrevioğlu, Ö.İ. and Yanik, T. 2005. Effect of melatonin on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 28: 65–68. The in vitro and in vivo effects of melatonin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were investigated. G6PD was purified with a specific activity of 16.7 EU/mg protein and 1,852-folds in a yield of 60.6% by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and 2′,5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel. In vitro studies showed that G6PD enzyme activity increased up to 0.22 mM melatonin concentration and was inhibited at higher levels. In vivo studies showed that though initial G6PD activity was 8.33±1.13 EU g1 Hb, it was inhibited (P<0.05) 3h after injection of 10 mg kg1 melatonin. It is recommended that intramuscular dose of melatonin for rainbow trout should be less than 0.22 mM.


Ca0.8Si9.2Al2.8O1.2 N14.8:xEu2+ (x = 0—0.24) phosphors are prepared by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method starting with stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Al2O3, Si3N4, Eu2O3, and high purity activated charcoal (alumina crucible, N2 gas flow, 1600 °C, 4 h).


In this study, both macro- and micro-nutrients of a total of 18 regional fruits were analyzed in order to launch a new and reliable food composition database (FCDB) of Turkish food composition, TurKomp. The new high quality analytical data were compared with some well-known FCDBs datasets. The new data produced in TurKomp is expected to be an invaluable source that would be used in dietary programmes and nutrition surveys in Turkey.


On the basis of matter-element theory and dependent function,the extension theory was applied to evaluate the rock mass quality,and an extension model for quality evaluation of rock mass was build. In view of the variety and complexity of the factors influencing rock mass quality,the factors reflecting the engineering characteristic were taken into account for evaluation based on RMR method,then taking some rock mass of a mine for example,the extension evaluations for rock mass quality were carried out. The weights of factor were calculated by using improved AHP method,which avoided the excessive effect of subjective factor of human in practices,and made the evaluation results more objective. Compared with the evaluation results by the traditional RMR method,the research indicates that the extension method is reasonable and feasible in the field of evaluating rock mass quality classification,and the results have the more intuitive characteristic. 4tabs.,10refs.


As result of the development of technology, most of modern computer and smartphones are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi direct wireless technologies enabled. While those wireless technologies come with the benefits of interconnecting devices without the need access point or central base station. However, computer and smartphones connected via Bluetooth based or via Wi-Fi Direct connection does not guarantee intercommunication or data transmission in meaningful way. Therefore, third party software is always needed to help for achieving data transmission. In this research an effort is done to design and develop P2P software applications and web based application by using C# and ASP.net MVC programming languages as features of Visual Studio 2017. Application would facilitate P2P communication of interconnected devices via the same channel. Built software system has been tested based on functional testing method, and usability testing. The result from functional testing shows that P2P communication meets functional requirements while usability testing has an average score of 72.2% from System Usability Scale method. The results from SUS scores brands our proposed P2P communication system to be good and highly accepted.


The article reviews the current approaches in the diagnostic of bladder pain syndrome. The criteria for diagnosing of the disease are described, such as methods for objectifying the intensity of symptoms and quality of life of patients, possible cystoscopic findings, the most important biological markers of the disease.


Actual Modbus IoT (Internet of Things) sensors are connected via Modbus Serial RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) RS-485 protocol to 4G/3G/2G routers, and via 4G/3G/2G mobile network to the first 4G/3G/2G router connected via Modbus TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Ethernet protocol to the first computer (server) with Modbus acquisition software. The complete system development was also made with simulated Modbus sensors made of PCs with Modbus simulation software and USB (Universal Serial Bus) to RS-485 converters.


The current paper introduces a method of rapid determination of organophosphate pesticide and carbamate pesticide using plant esterases,and also referring to its principle,the selection of enzyme sources,advantages and disadvantages of using the method,and problems and their corresponding solutions.


Summary Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are related to quantitative reservoir properties such as porosity, rock strength, mineral and TOC content, and they can be utilized to infer preferential drilling locations or sweet spots. Conventionally, they are computed and estimated with a rock physics law in terms of P-wave, S-wave impedances/velocities and density which may be directly inverted with pre-stack seismic data. However, the density term imbedded in Young's modulus is difficult to estimate since it is less sensitive to seismic-amplitude variations, and the indirect way can create more uncertainty for the estimation of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. This study combines the elastic impedance equation in terms of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio and elastic impedance variation with incident angle inversion to produce a stable and direct way to estimate the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, with no need for density information from pre-stack seismic data. We initially derived a novel elastic impedance equation in terms of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. And then, to enhance the estimation stability, we developed the elastic impedance varying with incident angle inversion with damping singular value decomposition (EVA-DSVD) method to estimate the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. This method was implemented in a two-step inversion: elastic impedance inversion and parameter estimation. The


There are a number of stories or anecdotes relating to Spinoza's life. They are, in most cases, extracted from the biographies written by Colerus and Lucas, contemporaries of Spinoza, and regularly reported. As we learn from Nadler's book, most of them have to be taken with a grain of salt and give an imperfect and incomplete image of Spinoza. Nadler brings together a considerable documentation, undoubtedly already known in essence, but placed here in the political and cultural context of the time. He writes in the preface:


Let be a non-decreasing Markov chain with a transition probability Q satisfying .Assuming that Q(x,By),where ,is non-increasing in x, and that Q(x,By+x) B is non-decreasing in x,we prove that ,where {Zi} is stochastically non-increasing and asymptotically i.i.d.,possessing a mixin property.We use this to show that (a.s) and that in probability,if ,where T(y) is the hitting time of (y,∞).We also show that is Markov renewal process where are sojourn times of


One of the procedures located by Freud starting in his earliest works is to complement the pleasure principle with the principle of reality, the incorporation of which signifies the birth of an active consciousness in the subject, capable of deliberately ruling the processes of subjectivity and paying attention to external reality. This meaningful transformation of our mental system was not, however, studied in detail by the inventor of psychoanalysis. Taking into account the great importance of this biographical milestone for the emergence of rational subjectivity, it is crucial to check in detail the meaning of this transformation, in order to establish a proper basis for our knowledge of this rational ability.


Silica gel functional sheet was prepared with ceramic fiber paper, which treated in turn by impregnation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution, deposition of flocculating reagent (FR), and neutralization of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The Effects of concentration of Na2SiO3, FS and HCl on adsorptive properties of silica gel sheet were discussed in detail. The surface structure and average pore size of product are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and porous medium surface area analyzer. In the conditions of 26.67wt% Na2SiO3, 15% FS and 0.5mol/L HCl, silica gel deposited on the paper and in the apertures between fibers of paper has better adsorbability, and its BET surface area is 347.4m2/g, Total pore volume is 0.20295cm3/g, in which mesopore is some 50.54%, and average pore size of micropore and mesopore is 0.4939nm and 3.907nm, respectively.


PurposeIn this study, researchers applied blended learning program to investigate the success of a blended learning program on satisfaction of the psychological needs, and academic achievement of chemistry students of O-Levels, following curriculum prescribed by University of Cambridge.Design/methodology/approachResearch pattern is quantitative aligned with the quasi-experimental and pre-post experimental design which aimed at examining the efficiency of a motivational strategies adopted with the use of blended learning program on psychological needs satisfaction (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) and achievement in chemistry O-Levels Syllabus, at the end of the research program.FindingsHypothesis testing represented that use of blended learning program has significant and positive impact on academic achievements through the mediation of autonomy. Results also revealed the substantial association of blended learning on other psychological needs (i.e., competence and relatedness); however, the competence and relatedness have no effect on academic achievements in this study. Thus, research concludes that providing an autonomous environment in substitution of the controlled environment promotes learning and produces positive outcomes.Originality/valueBlended learning or use of Learning Management Systems is being commonly used mostly in the tertiary level of studies; however, blended learning with secondary classes especially in the field of chemistry is yet not studied in detail. Similarly, the usefulness of the motivational strategies to learn chemistry is observed with university-level students, but very rare data about encouraging students at the secondary level have been gathered. Therefore, the researcher designed this blended learning program to enhance students' motivation towards achievements in secondary chemistry.