We introduce ABIDES, an open source Agent-Based Interactive Discrete Event Simulation environment. ABIDES is designed from the ground up to support agent-based research in market applications. While proprietary simulations are available within trading firms, there are no broadly available high-fidelity market simulation environments. ABIDES enables the simulation of tens of thousands of trading agents interacting with an exchange agent to facilitate transactions. It supports configurable pairwise noisy network latency between each individual agent as well as the exchange. Our simulator's message-based design is modeled after NASDAQ's published equity trading protocols ITCH and OUCH. We introduce the design of the simulator and illustrate its use and configuration with sample code, validating the environment with example trading scenarios. The utility of ABIDES for financial research is illustrated through experiments to develop a market impact model. The core of ABIDES is a general-purpose discrete event simulation, and we demonstrate its breadth of application with a non-finance work-in-progress simulating secure multiparty federated learning. We close with discussion of additional experimental problems it can be, or is being, used to explore, such as the development of machine learning trading algorithms. We hope that the availability of such a platform will facilitate research in this important area.


This study is primarily concerned with the health conditions and hospitalization of aged persons in Hungary. The demographic characteristics of the elderly population of Hungary are described and compared with those of elderly populations in other Eastern European countries and the USSR. The process of demographic aging is considered, and future hospital requirements of the elderly are examined. (summary in ENG, RUS)


To move toward information technology modernization, Canada's public service must attract and retain world-class talent with the digital skills, experience, and mindset to drive this change. However, government is hamstrung by a skills gap. Not only does Canada suffer from a shortage of professionals with the skills government needs, but the people who possess digital skills are increasingly in demand in other sectors.


Jean Baudrillard through Simulation (1983) made a thoughtful approach that predicted that reality would eventually die. The 'new world' which Baudrillard calls the 'Simulacra Galaxy', has in fact engulfed all aspects of life, including democracy. Dialectics on democracy, which provides an opportunity for every child of the nation to freely express opinions, actually leads to freedom that crosses the boundaries of the human rights of fellow citizens of the nation. Quietly, primordialism of religion, class, ethnicity, regionalism, and all exclusive social groupings has risen again, which is compounded with the liberal political process which since the reformation has been transformed into new shackles that limit national life. Regional autonomy which is increasingly liberal with the aroma of federation has strengthened the barriers of the new primordial revitalism. The predictions of the threat of "independence" and "referendum" which erupted in one or two regions when the 2019 election process tended to harden, shows how short the reasoning of some of the nation's children in this country is.


Quality of life (QOL) has been used as a framework for understanding intellectual and developmental disabilities (I&DD). In this chapter, we provide an historical view of the development of the concept of QOL and then discuss its role in the field of I&DD. Emerging from this came the field of Family Quality of Life (FQOL) as a result of recognition that individuals with I&DD interact with those around them in important ways. Over the decades, the increasing understanding and application of QOL in the field of I&DD has led to principles and practices that we have found are generalisable to the wider world. We explore some of these ideas as a foundation for the chapters that follow in this book.


N Shiyawak, Cree people, were the first, and for a long time the only Indigenous peoples in present-day Western Canada with a written language. Composed of syllabic characters, the written form of nthiyawewin, the Cree language, can be found throughout Cree territory fioin Northern Quebec to Northeast British Columbia, and south to Montana. Cree syllabics anived among the people in the early 1800s and were used extensively until quite recently. Over time, as the English language replaced the daily usage of Cree, the Cree syllabary fell into disuse. Today only a handhl of Cree speakers still know and use it, though in the last decade or so, interest in reviving and utilizing Cree syllabics has grown tremendously.


Additional research is described on the design and use of scale models for investigating the HTGR core seismic response. The one-dimensional models described in a previous report have been used to study the effect of variation of clearance between blocks and to compare the response predictions made by a true model and a distorted model. The design, construction, and instrumentation of a two-dimensional model is presented together with some preliminary test results.


These days, location prediction of users using online social media generates a lot of research. For decades, researchers have looked on automatic location recognition in relation to or referenced in documents. As one of the most popular online social networking sites, Twitter has attracted a large number of users who send millions of tweets on a regular basis. Because of the global reach of its users and the constant flow of messages, location prediction on Twitter has gotten a lot of attention lately. Tweets, brief, noisy, and rich-natured communications, provide numerous study hurdles to researchers. A general picture of location prediction using tweets is investigated in the suggested framework. Tweet location, in particular, is anticipated based on tweet content. It is very important to outline tweet content and situations highlighted how the difficulties are dependent on certain text inputs. Here, we apply machine learning techniques like as naive bayes, Support Vector Machines, and Decision Trees to estimate the user's location from tweet content.


In conclusion, we report results of Z-scan experiments with InP microcrystals deposited in Vycor. The data indicates that the quantum confinement provided by the microcrystals produces a significant nonlinear refractive index. It is also shown that, for a short pulse duration (100 psec), nonlinear absorption is negligible at 1064nm. Further, the temporal characteristics of the optical nonlinearities have also been investigated.<<ETX>>


Collective labor with some scale creates a requirement on managementA modern enterprise management system comes out of the enlargement of enterprise scale.For the limited scale of small and medium enterprises,its traditional management character is that the owner is also the manager at same timeSuch combination of owner and manager is the key factor for the small and medium enterprises to maintain its competitive powerTo modernize the management of small and medium enterprises,we should not copy indiscriminately the modern enterprise system but modity the management means and methods to go along with the modern social trend


Starting with the alphabetic stage of writing acquisition, the learner struggles with issues related to spelling, including the segmentation of writing in graphic words. This study examined the conventional segmentation of words and its relation to morphosyntactic awareness in a sample of students in the 4th and 5th years of elementary education in public schools. Results reveal a discrepancy between the oral identification of words and performance in the segmentation of writing, with three criteria being used by students to define "word": (1st) full meaning; (2nd) sequence of letters, not only one or two; (3rd) frequency of word use. Statistical analyses revealed significant positive correlations between conventional segmentation and morphosyntactic awareness. It is inferred that morphosyntactic skills support the establishment of the conventional notion of the word, and it is suggested that teachers promote the development of these skills, in order to ensure a greater command of the written language.


The Interstellar Probe is a space mission to discover physical interactions shaping globally the boundary of our Sun`s heliosphere and its dynamics and for the first time directly sample the properties of the local interstellar medium (LISM). Interstellar Probe will go through the boundary of the heliosphere to the LISM enabling for the first time to explore the boundary with a dedicated instrumentation, to take the image of the global heliosphere by looking back and explore in-situ the unknown LISM. The pragmatic concept study of such mission with a lifetime 50 years that can be implemented by 2030 was funded by NASA and has been led by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The study brought together a diverse community of more than 400 scientists and engineers spanning a wide range of science disciplines across the world.

Compelling science questions for the Interstellar Probe mission have been with us for many decades. Recent discoveries from a number of space missions exploring the heliosphere raised new questions strengthening the science case. The very shape of the heliosphere, a manifestation of complex global interactions between the solar wind and the LISM, remains the biggest mystery. Interpretations of imaging the heliosphere in energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in different energy ranges on IBEX and Cassini/INCA from inside show contradictory pictures. Global physics-based models also do not agree on the global shape. Interstellar Probe on outbound trajectory will image the heliosphere from outside for the first time and will provide a unique determination of the global shape.

The LISM is a completely new area for exploration and discovery. We have a crude understanding of the LISM inferred from in-situ measurements inside the heliosphere of interstellar helium, pick-up-ions, ENAs, remote observations of solar backscattered Lyman-alpha emission and absorption line spectroscopy in the lines of sight of stars. We have no in-situ measurements of most LISM properties, e.g. ionization, plasma and neutral gas, magnetic field, composition, dust, and scales of possible inhomogeneities. Voyagers with limited capabilities have explored 30 AU beyond the heliosphere which appeared to be a region of significant heliospheric influence. The LISM properties are among the key unknowns to understand the Sun`s galactic neighborhood and how it shapes our heliosphere. Interstellar Probe will be the first NASA mission to discover the very nature of the LISM and shed light on whether the Sun enters a new region in the LISM in the near future.

In this presentation we give an overview of heliophysics science for the Interstellar Probe mission focusing on the critical science questions of the three objectives for the mission. We will discuss in more details a need for direct measurements in the LISM uniquely enabled by the Interstellar Probe.


Aim: This study determines molecular docking to know the selected active compounds of lemon grass against bacterial receptor proteins of Porphyromonasgingivalis and the minimum inhibitory concentration of lemon grass extract against P. gingivalis.

Materials and methods: The lemon grass essential oil extraction was subjected for evaporation to remove the methanol and was collected for analysis by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analysis (GCMS) to know the compounds of lemon grass which was effective against peptidyl-arginine deiminase of P. gingivalis. Molecular docking technique was done to study these compounds and their interactions with the target protein in the test organism. Finally, minimum inhibitory concentration was done to know the antibacterial activity of lemon grass oil components against P. gingivalis.

Results: A total of 15 compounds were obtained after GCMS analysis but 3 main compounds were selected i.eCitronellol, D-Limonene and Geraniol. D- limomonene exhibited good binding with a score of -6.05. Geraniol and Citronellol exhibited a binding score of -5.84 and -5.32 respectively for P.gingivalis.

200µl of extract of lemon grass caused 50.2% reduction in number of colonies of P. gingivalis

Conclusion: The active ingredients from lemongrass oil containing Citronellol, D-Limonene and Geraniol showed antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis with MIC of 20µl/ml.


Biochemical signal transduction, a form of molecular communication, can be modeled using graphical Markov channels with input-modulated transition rates. Such channel models are strongly non-Gaussian. In this paper we use a linear noise approximation to construct a novel class of Gaussian additive white noise channels that capture essential features of fully- and partially-observed intensity- driven signal transduction. When channel state transitions that are sensitive to the input signal are directly observable, high-frequency information is transduced more efficiently than low-frequency information, and the mutual information rate per bandwidth (spectral efficiency) is significantly greater than when sensitive transitions and observable transitions are disjoint. When both observable and hidden transitions are input-sensitive, we observe a superadditive increase in spectral efficiency.


There are two neutron sources at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) that are used for nuclear data measurements. Both use part of the 800-MeV proton beam from the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility to produce neutrons by spallation. The Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE) provides useful neutron intensities from subthermal to {approximately}100 keV using a target-moderator source. The Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) facility has a bare target that gives a neutron spectrum with energies from 100 keV to 800 MeV. Each of these is a white source making it possible to cover a broad energy range in a single measurement using neutron energy determination by time of flight. The performance of these two as complementary pulsed neutron sources is much superior to that of electron linacs traditionally used for measuring nuclear data in the thermal/epithermal region and the range above a few mega-electron volts. The scope of work at LANL includes studies related to space exploration, medical research, radioactive waste disposal, and innovative energy production concepts as well as information for fission and fusion programs. Nuclear-data-related work at the WNR facility includes measurements of medium-energy proton-induced cross sections, neutron-induced gamma-ray and charged-particle production; fission studies; and neutron total cross-sectionmore » experiments.« less


This paper presents a new dual-polarized circular horn antenna integrated in a multilayer PCB. The horn antenna is fed through two CPW transmission lines in the middle of the substrates. The height of the horn antenna is low profile, approximately 2.5 mm in 28 GHz band. Both the impedance and isolation bandwidths obtain more than 3 GHz and 2.5 GHz, respectively which cover the 28 GHz band in Japan.


The dielectric material properties of the underlying tissue is of great importance in many biomedical applications, such as microwave breast cancer detection, to enable high resolution imaging of malignant tissue. In contrast to existing methods that are based on Time-of-Flight measurements to estimate the relative permittivity, we propose a sensing technique that measures a frequency shift in the reflection measurements using existing and skin-coupled microwave antennas. This integrated approach, that does not require additional sensor technology, can be used to generate a patient specific map of relative permittivity and produces valuable a-priori information for reliable (non-invasive) diagnostics.


We have directly determined the intramolecular electron transfer rate and revealed its mechanism in supramolecular complexes during CO2 photoreduction by time-resolved infrared spectroscopic measurements over a wide temporal range.


The heat stable enterotoxins (ST) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause diarrhoea by binding specific intestinal receptors. Precise histochemical localization of ST receptors could provide more information about the pathophysiology of secretory diarrhoea and the role of ST receptors in normal biology. To accomplish this, we quantitatively coupled biotin to the N‐terminus of ST1b using biotin‐X‐X‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester. The derivatized toxin (BST) has an apparent Kd of 11.7±10 nM for rat brush border receptors. We used BST in an affinity panning cell‐capture system, to validate its ability to discriminate between receptor‐positive and receptor‐negative cells. Cell lines expressing ST receptors (human colon carcinoma T84, and COS cells transfected with guanylyl cyclase‐C (GC‐C) ST receptor cDNA) were captured to streptavidin and anti‐biotin‐coated plates with high efficiency and specificity. This system provides a novel approach to screening cells for the presence of unique ST‐binding proteins. BST was then used with streptavidin‐gold to demonstrate the cellular topography of ST receptors at the light microscopic level. Villus enterocytes were intensely stained, but only a faint signal was observed in upper crypts of rat small intestine. Thus, a gradient of increasing receptor density was seen as upper crypt cells matured into villus enterocytes. Higher magnification revealed that ST receptors are concentrated at the apical aspect of villus enterocytes. Recently, guanylin, a putative endogenous ligand for ST receptors, has been localized to Paneth cells, at the base of intestinal crypts. Thus, ST receptors, are concentrated in villus entercoytes, while guanylin appears to be produced at the base of the crypts. This topographical arrangement suggests that there are autocrine or paracrine pathways by which ST receptors interact with endogenous ligands.


Using a simple aqueous precipitation method based on a low-cost titanium oxysulfate precursor, we have prepared three TiO2 polymorphs: anatase, rutile, and brookite. Although the anatase form can be directly obtained from the thermolysis reaction of an oxysulfate solution, the rutile and the brookite have been prepared by the addition of oxalate species. Depending on the concentration, the oxalate anions have been shown to act either as a ligand with the stabilization of a titanium oxalate hydrate, Ti2O3(H2O)2(C2O4)·H2O, or as a chelating agent with the isolation of the rutile phase. The brookite form was obtained by thermal decomposition of the oxalate hydrate at a temperature as low as 300 °C. The resulting solid consisted of nanodomains of TiO2 brookite embedded in large micrometer-size particles and exhibited a high specific surface area of 255 m2/g because of the mesoporosity arising from the removal of water from the oxalate species. This type of morphology is of interest for lithium-ion batteries b...


. Preparing an epoxy resin with biomass resources as an alternative for bisphenol A is significant for sustainable and renewable development under great pressure of limited fossil resources and urgent environmental issues. Herein, we synthesized an epoxy oligomer P-DBP-EP-n derived from biomass magnolol through an efficient one-step glycidylation. P-DBP-EP-n exhibited a low viscosity of 11.7 Pa·s at room temperature, endowing it with excellent processability as digly-cidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and magnolol-based epoxy monomer EDBP. Then P-DBP-EP-n was cured with a diamine curing agent, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), and following thermal addition polymerization of allyl units. Compared with DGEBA/DDM and EDBP/DDM, P-DBP-EP-n/DDM possessed a higher glass transition temperature ( T g ) (304 to 167 and 226°C), implying distinguished heat resistance. Furthermore, the tensile properties and notched impacted strength of P-DBP-EP-n/DDM were better than EDBP/DDM (20.7 to 19.4 MPa, 2.0 to 1.6 GPa, and 2.5 to 2.0 kJ/m 2 ). The initial degradation temperature and char residue of P-DBP-EP-n/DDM were 421°C and 35.2%, with a 13.5 and 101% increase compared with those of DGEBA/DDM, respectively. Additionally, P-DBP-EP-n/DDM displayed outstanding flame retardancy with V-0 rate for the vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index value of 47.7%, which was almost twice as much as that of DGEBA/DDM. This study offers a promising and feasible pathway to obtain a fully bio-based epoxy resin substituted for petroleum-based DGEBA with distinguished processability, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. Comprehensive properties of the bio-based thermosets are expected to be further regulated by the thermal addition polymerization of allyl units.


7045 Background: Anti-CD20 mAb therapy has provided survival advantage to patients (pts) with CLL; but pts invariably relapse after anti-CD20 therapy and new approaches are needed. The CLL cells of most pts express CD19, which are upregulated following anti-CD20 therapy. MEDI-551, an affinity-optimized anti-CD19 antibody, destroys malignant cells by Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) once bound to CD19. Methods: The activity and toxicity of single-agent MEDI-551 in CLL pts with prior rituximab administration was assessed in a phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation and expansion study (NCT00983619). Response was assessed using the 2008 Intl Working Group criteria. B-cell depletion was assessed with flow cytometry and confirmed with biomarker analyses (BAFF). Safety assessments included laboratory parameters and adverse events (AEs and serious AEs [SAEs]). Results: Of 91 pts with refractory B-cell malignancies included in the study, 26 had CLL. CLL pts had received a median of 6 prior therapies: 89% ...


The UK Climate Change Act of 2008 requires an 80% reduction in carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions by 2050 compared with 1990. Strategies implemented to achieve this target offer the opportunity to...


Clamp,which is actuating mechanism of completing basic functions of forging manipulator,is used for hold workpiece to accomplish desired work task.The operational characteristic of clamp actuating mechanism plays a crucial role in performance of forging manipulator.Making a small-tonnage forging manipulator in an enterprise as its research object,this article simplifies two operating modes for actuating mechanism of the forging manipulator clamp,i.e.upper and lower translations and up and down swing,sets up mathematical model for simplified clamp actuating mechanism according to different external excitations,solves by use of Duhamel's integral numerical value to get the dynamic equation of forging manipulator clamp during operation.Matlab software is adopted to carry out the dynamic simulations of clamp operation process and dynamics characteristic curves of clamp actuating mechanism are obtained.Dynamics characteristics of forging manipulator clamp actuating mechanism are quantitatively analyzed.


Plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) are micron-sized biomembrane vesicles that are isolated directly from living cells. They retain the lipid and protein complexity of the plasma membrane of the parent cell...


The immunological relationship between a protein toxin and the components of the Boivin or `O' somatic antigen isolated from Vibrio cholerae has been studied. Evidence is given which suggests that the protein toxin is in fact the protein component of the Boivin antigen. Protein toxins isolated from serologically unrelated vibrios appear to share a common antigenic component.


Experimental and calculated data on the fission probability are compared for highly excited 188Os. The calculations have been made within the statistical model using the more reliable parameterizations for the temperature dependence or surface tension. It is concluded that the critical temperature for the nuclear liquid‐gas phase transition is higher than 16 MeV.


Humans are supposed to utilize its joint elasticity to realize smooth and adaptive walking. Although such human-like biped walking is strongly affected by the terrain dynamics, it was not taken into account in robotic bipedalism since it is very difficult to model the dynamics formally. In this paper, instead of modeling the dynamics formally, we propose to estimate the relationship between actuation (air valve opening duration) and sensing (touch sensor information) by real walking trials, and to stabilize walking cycle by utilizing it. Since the terrain dynamics is involved in the relation, we can avoid to model it formally. We conducted walking experiments on various types of terrain to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In view of the problems in the vegetable distribution industry in Hohhot uncovered through field survey and investigation such as lack of organizational scale,scattered and unfocused development,lack of functional sophistication,technological backwardness,absence of due attention to brand and reputation and low level of quality management,etc.,the paper carries out a comprehensive analysis to arrive at the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures.


An F2 population derived from the cross between the normal fertility wheat cultivars(Gaocheng 8901) and the female sterile line(XND126) was used for genetic analysis of the female fertility in wheat,out of them,158 sterile and 93 fertile extremes as an extreme population was present for molecular tagging and mapping of the female fertility gene.Based on the recombination frequencies(c value) strategy for mapping QTL loci,taf1 locus was mapped on chromosome 2DS by linkage analysis in extreme population that was the same as reported by F2 population.And the result implied that the nearer the marker to the QTL,the less of c value was.The extreme population strategy is probably one of the faster and effectively strategies to locate and map female fertility genes in wheat.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C6H10N2 2+·2Cl−, has been reported previously in the non-standard setting P21/a [Genet (1965 ▶). Bull. Soc. Fr. Miner. Crist. 88, 463–470], with an R value of 0.16. The current redetermination improves significantly the precision of the geometric parameters. In the crystal packing, cations and anions are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.


The author describes some developments which are taking place in the Transmission System in Northern Ireland. These developments include disturbance recorders, protection scheme testing, modern relays, panel and scheme design and telecontrol developments. Trends for the future are also looked at. >


The activation process induced by excimer laser annealing (ELA) has been investigated in 10keV B-implanted samples. It is found that for energy densities inducing melt depths of the order or larger of the implanted region the junction depth is controlled by the melt depth, with activation approaching 100% and box-shaped carrier density distributions with abrupt junction profile. For energy densities inducing a melting shallower than the implanted region, two different activation mechanisms have been identified: the first occurring in the molten region and leading to complete B activation; the second occurring in the region immediately below the molten zone and leading to thermal activation of B, induced by the heat wave propagating into the Si wafer. This last process is characterized by an activation energy of 5eV and is not accompanied by B diffusion. As a consequence, a deep tail of active B is produced, preventing the possibility to form abrupt and ultrashallow junctions. These results suggest that fo...


ABSTRACT Honor includes positive behaviors such as integrity, honesty and morality for both men and women. In some cultures, honor refers to sexual purity. It is very important to know and scientifically demonstrate the value judgments of university students about honor since they shape the future. This study examined the sex-role of university students and their attitudes toward violence against women in the name of honor in Turkey, one of the countries that has adopted the culture of honor. A total of 1,133 university students participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by the researchers using the face-to-face interview method between February and May 2019. The data collection tools utilized were a participant information form, the Scale for Attitudes toward Violence against Women in the Name of Honor (SAVWNH) and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. The mean score of the participants on the SAVWNH was 29.36 ± 7.21. The study showed that the male gender, masculine gender role, extended family type and being born in a rural area negatively affected the attitudes toward violence against women in the name of honor. In conclusion, traditional beliefs of the patriarchal society were common among the university students despite their academic environment.


In this article, we focus on efficient synthesis of fault-tolerant timed models from their fault-intolerant version. Although the complexity of the synthesis problem is known to be polynomial time in the size of the time-abstract bisimulation of the input model, the state of the art currently lacks synthesis algorithms that can be efficiently implemented. This is in part due to the fact that synthesis is in general a challenging problem and its complexity is significantly magnified in the context of timed systems. We propose an algorithm that takes as input a timed automaton, a set of fault actions, and a set of safety and bounded-time response properties, and utilizes a space-efficient symbolic representation of the timed automaton (called zone graph) to synthesize a fault-tolerant timed automaton as output. The output automaton satisfies strict phased recovery, where it is guaranteed that the output model behaves similarly to the input model in the absence of faults and in the presence of faults, fault recovery is achieved in two phases, each satisfying certain safety and timing constraints.


Providing a vehicle including a frame and a mounting for coupling the first end of the device to the frame. The apparatus comprises a central region including a first energy absorbing material. The first side of the central region are included in the first end of the device coupled to the frame. The apparatus comprises a side region comprising a second energy absorbing material. Side regions are arranged along the second side surface of the upper region. Side region is configured to be disposed above the vehicle wheels. .FIELD 4B


Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in renewable power storage and the decarbonization of the power sector. In order to clarify the environmental impacts of power regenerated through hydrogen-fueled gas turbines, this work details a life cycle model of the greenhouse gas (GHG) and NOx emissions of the power regenerated by power-to-H2-to-power (PHP) technology integrated with a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). This work evaluates the influences of several variables on the life cycle of GHG and NOx emissions, including renewable power sources, hydrogen production efficiency, net CCGT efficiency, equivalent operating hours (EOH), and plant scale. The results show that renewable power sources, net CCGT efficiency, and hydrogen production efficiency are the dominant variables, while EOH and plant scale are the minor factors. The results point out the direction for performance improvement in the future. This work also quantifies the life cycle of GHG and NOx emissions of power regenerated under current and future scenarios. For hydro, photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, the life cycle of the GHG emissions of regenerated power varies from 8.8 to 366.1 gCO2e/kWh and that of NOx emissions varies from 0.06 to 2.29 g/kWh. The power regenerated from hydro and wind power always has significant advantages over coal and gas power in terms of GHG and NOx emissions. The power regenerated from PV power has a small advantage over gas power in terms of GHG emissions, but does not have advantages regarding NOx emissions. Preference should be given to storing hydro and wind power, followed by PV power. For biomass power with or without CO2 capture and storage (CCS), the life cycle of the GHG emissions of regenerated power ranges from 555.2 to 653.5 and from −2385.0 to −1814.4, respectively, in gCO2e/kWh; meanwhile, the life cycle of NOx emissions ranges from 1.61 to 4.65 g/kWh, being greater than that of coal and gas power. Biomass power with CCS is the only power resource that can achieve a negative life cycle for GHG emissions. This work reveals that hydrogen-fueled gas turbines are an important, environmentally friendly technology. It also helps in decision making for grid operation and management.


The view that "righteousness is essential" is a basic position of traditional Confucianists as to the relationship between righteousness and profitableness. It involves two aspects: "righteousness can give rise to profitableness" and "righteousness will restrict profitableness". The two meanings were paid great attention and had reasonable and stable forms in the pre - Qin period.But they were actually separate and contradictory, for "righteousness" was given two different functions.The orthodox Confucians and the non - orthodox Confucians emphasized and developed one aspect respectively. The two aspects had some balanced development in the period of Ming and Qing dynasties. However, those discussions among Confucians of the Ming - Qing period were made in the context of old theories.. They could not free from the difficult position of the traditional Confucian view on the relationship between righteousness and profitableness.


For the time-homogeneous multi-state Markov chain {Xn,n≧0} with states labeled as "0" (success) and "f"(failure), f=1,2,… the waiting time problems to be discussed arise by setting quotas on runs of success and failures. Some particular cases are considered.


The green crab Scylla serrata is commercially the most valuable in India, with great potentialities
for large-scale culture operations. In fact, experiments are being carried out in some southeast
Asian countries for evolving a technique suitable for the pond culture of this burrowing and cannibalistic
species. The present paper gives an account of an experiment undertaken at Veppalodai,
Tuticorin during 1975-77, by rearing in individual plastic cages, for ascertaining their survival, growth
and production with artificial food supplied. The results obtained from this exercise are highly
encouraging with regard to survival, growth, production, etc. The present paper deals with the above
work and the results obtained, along with suggestions for evolving a culture technique for pond culture
of this species


This paper provides a review of the language used to describe suicidal and self‐injurious behaviours in prisons. The effects of such linguistic practices on the treatment of suicidal prisoners are critically evaluated. The paper concludes with coverge of evidence‐based practice in the area of suicide and intentional self‐injury. A number of possible future developments are discussed.


The objective of the present work is to improve the surface area of aerogel via supercritical carbon dioxide (sc · CO2) treatment and thus to obtain the chitosan derivative. The resulting mesoporous material exhibits the typical characteristics of aerogels such as high porosity and high surface area. The aerogels were characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM, and thermal analysis. The specific surface areas and porosities of aerogels were determined using N2 adsorption. The antibacterial assays were done using E. coli. The prepared chitosan aerogels show important properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and antibacterial activity, making them suitable for biomedical applications.


In this paper we study a new class of hysteresis memristor CNN (HM-CNN). The model under investigations contains a simpler state equation with hysteresis operator in the feedback circuit and resonant tunnel diode in the output. The dynamics is studied in different regions depending on hysteresis nonlinearity. The proposed HM-CNN exhibits various complex phenomena in hysteresis region by exploiting its local activity and edge of chaos. Some applications of HM-CNN model in nanostructures are provided.


Objective The methotrexate and mifepristone,is divided into two routes of administration,to observe the treatment of uterine incision after cesarean section pregnancy results.Methods A hospital patient with an average of two groups,both oral mifepristone,and then a group of local administration with methotrexate pregnant stove,another group with a single intramuscular injection of methotrexate,observe results.Results The administration,topical progesterone stove success rate was 80%, a single intramuscular injection success rate of 70%.Conclusion The treatment of uterine incision after cesarean section pregnancy with methotrexate and mifepristone for topical administration to pregnant stove best effect,worth in clinical practice.


According to the shortage of simple genetic algorithm in solving Logistic curve fitting:easy to produce premature convergence,easy to fall into local optimal equilibrium states,poor efficiency at evolutionary late stage,an dynamic adaptive strategy was introduced to adjust the crossing probability and mutating probability and to improve GA.Numerical experiments illustrate that the improved algorithm is feasible and effective,which improves convergence speed and reduces square error sum of curve fitting.


In this paper we present a new method for measuring semantic
relatedness of lexical units, which can be used to generate a
thesaurus automatically. The method is based on a comparison of
probability distributions of semantic frames generated using
the LDA-frames algorithm. The idea is evaluated by measuring
the overlap of WordNet synsets and generated semantic clusters.
The results show that the method outperforms another automatic
approach used in the Sketch Engine project.


This article examines the historic plight, current status, and future challenges of Blacks in the United States within the contexts of education, housing, employment, poverty, crime and the legal system. It is concluded that the Reagan administration legacy of a "colorblind society", social program cutbacks, and Supreme court appointments dealt a devastating blow to opportunity and progress for Blacks and that the current and future challenges will require a concerted effort, concern and involvement by all sectors of society.


Objective
To evaluate the application value and safety of semi-saturated amount of cedilan in the early stage of infantile pneumonia heart failure, to monitor the changes of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) before and after treatment, and to evaluate the role of NT-proBNP in infantile pneumonia complicated with heart failure.

Methods
216 infants with pneumonia with NT-proBNP greater than 750 pg/ml from March 2016 to March 2017 were randomly divided into conventional treatment group, semi-saturated amount of cedilan group, and saturated amount of cedilan group. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the three groups were observed after treatment, and the changes of plasma NT-proBNP levels before and after treatment were analyzed.

Results
Compared with conventional treatment, semi-saturated amount of cedilan and saturated amount of cedilan had significant effect on improving the clinical efficacy, shortening the course of disease, and decreasing the incidence of heart failure of infants with pneumonia (P 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in semi-saturated amount of cedilan group was lower than that in saturated amount of cedilan group (P 0.05); after treatment, the level of NT-proBNP in conventional treatment group increased (P 0.05).

Conclusion
NT-proBNP can be used as an early predictor of infantile pneumonia complicated with heart failure, and can also be used as an indicator to judge the therapeutic effect of heart failure. The semi-saturated amount of cedilan can effectively prevent the progression of heart failure in infants with pneumonia, with high safety.

Key words:
Infantile pneumonia; Cedilan; Heart failure; B-type natriuretic peptide


Acute myocardial infarction occurs more frequently in certain seasons of the year but the mechanisms that cause seasonal distribution have not been fully understood. Since low-grade systemic inflammation plays an essential role int he atherosclerotic process leading to plaque rupture, seasonal changes of inflammatory markers might be responsible for the increased frequency in cardiovascular events. Aims of the study were to investigate: seasonal variations of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) incidence and their complications (in-hospital mortality rate, heart failure), whether ST-elevation (STEMI) and non-ST-elavation acute coronary syndromes (NST-ACS) exhibit similar changes, seasonal variations of inflammatory and haemostatic marker sin patients (pts) with ACS, their relation to meteorological parameters (air temperature, barometric, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall, cloudiness, atmosphere stability) and their association with age. The study included 2223 pts with ACS (51% STEMI) admitted to the University hospital from January 2000 to December 2005 (only pts with < 24 h after the onset of symptoms were included). The following parameters were obtained at the time of admission: fibrinogen, platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count, absolute and relative neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ration. A seasonal pattern in the occurrence and complications of AMI was obtained with an increase in cases during the winter months. Both STEMI and NST-ACS exhibit significant seasonal variations. STEMI is characterized by a marked peak of cases in the winter months and a nadir in the summer months, while for NST-ACS the rates were greatest in fall and lowest in summer. After multivariate adjustment, CRP, MVP and relative neutrophil count showed significant seasonal variations, with highest levels recorded in winter and lowest in the summer in STEMI group of pts. Significant difference between seasons was obtained regarding i fibrinogen and MVP in NSTEMI group, with peak values during the fall and trough in summer. The observed seasonal variations of inflammatory and haemostatic markers as well as clustering of their peak values might clarify etiologic mechanisms that cause seasonality of ACS. The greatest frequency of ACS pts was obtained in periods with marked daily pressure changes (i.e. large intradiurnal air pressure fluctuations), when the atmosphere was unstable with humid, cloudy, often windy and very cold weather prevailing. Aforementioned weather conditions were associated with higher values of inflammatory and haemostatic marker sin both STEMI and NST-ACS group, effects being more pronounced at older age. In pts with ACS advanced age was associated with higher levels of fibrinogen, MPV, CRP, absolute and relative neutrophil count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, partly explaining the elevated incidence and more common complications of cardiovascular disease in the elderly.


in the fibrinogen gene, leading to a downstream cryptic splice site utilization [7] . In this work, we describe a congenital afibrinogneaemia in a Venezuelan 5-yearold girl. The coding region and the intron/ exon boundaries of all 3 fibrinogen genes were amplified and the resulting PCR products were directly sequenced on an automatic DNA sequencer (Genetic Analyzer ABI 310, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA), using BigDye Cycle Sequencing Kits (Applied Biosystems). The DNA analyses revealed that the proband girl was homozygous for a nonsense mutation in the FGA gene at g.3807C ] T. The mutation is predicted to cause an early truncation at A 159 Arg (numbering starts at residue 1 of the predicted mature polypeptide). Interestingly, both parents of the girl showed the same mutation, although in the heterozygous form. Clotting tests of plasma samples from the girl revealed an infinite thrombin time ( 1 120 s, control adjusted to 19–21 s; Laboratoire Stago, Asnière, France) and the lack of both functional (Clauss fibrinogen test


At the beginning of the 21st century, the schools in Ukraine already had a rather high degree of computerization in the cities as well as in villages. It is possible, that a lesson, conducted with the help of a multimedia projector, an electronic board, or a computer has a virtuous privilege over a traditionally conducted activity. The school education is focused on the development of a person of a new information society. Recently, the main place in the teaching of subjects is places by the usual tools – a blackboard, chalk and printed sources (the textbooks, notebooks with printed basis). Thanks to the application of IT, the learning environment is free to supplement video, sound, animation. All this has a significant impact on the sensory field of the primary student, helping to raise cognitive activity, raising interest in the subject and learning in general, intensifying the educational work of students. That is why junior students are now ready to use IT: they know what a computer is, in most cases they can use it, and they do not have a psychological barrier: the children are not afraid that a car will break; they will not have enough knowledge to master it and so on. Still, a car without human factor remains a reasonable pastime. It is now possible that a teacher who facilitates a multimedia projector, an electronic whiteboard, and a computer can use the Internet during the lesson and prepare resources for the class, that have the goodwill of a colleague who uses the «chalk technology» lesson. The education of students in school should be focused on the development of the person of the present information society, and the school should learn to use an unlimited source of information – the Internet, and at least try to teach the child to separate what is good and useful from evil [5, p. 25]. Yuriy Kazakov, studying the pedagogical conditions of using media education in the course of professional education of future elementary school teachers, notes that the term «multimedia» is often used to refer to the sources of information that allow to protect huge amounts of data and cover fairly fast access to them, such as CDs – Compact Disk, DVD – Digital Versatile Video Disk. In other words, the term «multimedia» means both a multimedia shell program and a product invented on the basis of multimedia technology and computer software. At the same time, multimedia is a partial kind of computer


A perennial switchgrass ( Panicumvirgatum L.) (C4) native to North America has good potential for biomass production because of its wide geographic distribution and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This biofuel crop has been under evaluation for commercial growing in Ukraine for eight years. Insect diversity determination and evaluation of insect pests might play role in yield reduction has not been done yet. The objective of our study started in 2012 is to assess diversity of switchgrass insects by trophic groups and determine species that have pest status on nine varieties of switchgrass at Veseliy Podyl Experimental Station (Poltava region). We evaluated insects diversity and assessed changes over time in the densities of major insects' trophic groups, identifying potential pests and natural enemies. Preliminary results indicated that long-terming growing of switchgrass can lead to formation of stable group of polyphagous and monophagous pests that are common for Poaceae family crops. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:Standardowy;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}


Heart failure (HF) imposes a major economic burden, however the individual management for patients vary potentially leading to large cost heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate the total direct health cost stratified across the spectrum of cost groups.

 Using Danish nationwide registries from 2012 to 2015 we identified all patients >18 years with a first-time diagnosis of HF. Total health costs were investigated using two perspectives; at index and after 3 years (including index). We investigated the cost of patients in the highest cost group (highest 10%) vs. the lowest cost group (lowest 10%). A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with being in the highest cost decile compared to the rest (90%).

 A total of 11,170 patients with HF were included and those in the highest cost decile (n=1,117, 10%) were younger (69 vs. 75 years), more males (43 vs. 34%), and more inpatients (83 vs. 70%) compared to the rest of the patients (n=10,053, 90%). Patients in the highest cost decile (10%) incurred a 30 times higher cost with a mean total health cost in index year of €86,607 compared to €2,893 for patients in lowest cost decile (10%) (Figure 1A). Results were similar for 3 years aggregated (€139,473 vs. €4,086), corresponding to a 34 times higher cost. At index year, variables associated with being in the highest cost decile included young age, male sex, inpatient admittance, renal disease, and several other comorbidities (Figure 1B).

 Among patients with HF a large total direct health cost heterogeneity exists with younger age, inpatient admittance, male sex, and comorbidities being associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the highest cost group.

 Novartis


『Thailand: Aspects Of Landscape And Life』 by Robert Larimore Pendleton (Author), Robert C. Kingsbury (Contributor). Literary Licensing, LLC (April 28, 2012). ISBN: 978-1258310561.


BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia still remains a significant clinical problem despite the availability of variety of surgical techniques. This study was designed to evaluate the outcome and benefit of open preperitoneal mesh repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the open preperitoneal mesh repair technique regarding complications, recurrences, safety and benefit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 2013 and June 2014, a prospective study of 25 consecutive patients operated for groin hernia using an open preperitoneal mesh technique was performed. The outcome variables being analyzed included operative time, time to return to normal activity, pain level, complications and recurrence rate. RESULTS: Wound infection occurred in only 1 patient. No seroma or recurrence was observed. Moreover, pain and hospital stay were not different from those obtained by other repair techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Open preperitoneal mesh repair is a safe procedure and gives a good result similar to those of the commonly used anterior approaches. It is easier to learn than laparoscopic repair and should be the procedure of choice for difficult inguinal hernias.


Fostering innovation while maintaining a traditional IT infrastructure is challenging. We have conducted a qualitative study in the health sector, following three ICT-related innovation initiatives in a hospital. The innovators sought to connect the new solutions with the complex hospital digital infrastructure but the governance regime was not conducive to experimental development. We describe the challenges of relating to the existing information infrastructure and thereby identify the requirements for innovative projects to be sustained. In our analysis we zoom-in on the problematic "meeting points" between the innovation initiatives and the pre-existing infrastructure, as these reveal which capabilities and resources are required for the existing infrastructure to accomodate novelty. Conceptually, we frame these as boundary resources. Our study contributes a concrete description of the resources that are required if large, entrenched infrastructures shall be able to harness innovation.


Objective To make a primary research on the connection between genetic diversity within glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and high dmft of children.Methods Fifteen S. mutans strains which synthesized the highest amount of water-insoluble glucan from 20 children with high dmft were chosen as case group and 15 S. mutans strains which synthesized the lowest amount of water-insoluble glucan from 20 caries-free children were chosen as the control. S. mutans UA159 was used as referenced strain. The genetic diversity of gtfBC from the DNA of isolates was assessed by PCR-RFLP method with restriction endonucleases: HinfⅠ, TaqⅠand MboⅠ.Results There were 5 isolates in caries-active group and 3 isolates in caries-free group had the same HinfⅠdigestion files with UA159, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. TaqⅠdigestion files in the gtfBC of clinical isolates were all the same except for one isolates from caries-free group. No difference was observed in the MboⅠdigestion files.Conclusion No significant difference has been found for the charts of gtfBC of S. mutans between children with high dmft and no caries.


This paper reviews the various studies that have introduced adaptive and self-adaptive parameters into Evolutionary Computations. A formal definition of an adaptive evolutionary computation is provided with an analysis of the types of adaptive and self-adaptive parameter update rules currently in use. Previous studies are reviewed and placed into a categorization that helps to illustrate their similarities and differences.


This paper collectively names the chain operation and franchise as "chain-franchise operation" or "chain-franchise", introduces the concepts of the chain operation and franchise. Based on this, the article summarizes the features of the enterprise competitive intelligence(CI) under the framework of the chain-franchise operation, puts forward the overall framework of the CI monitoring under the framework of the chain-franchise operation, and analyses its specific contents. In the competitive intelligence monitoring under the chain-franchise framework, both the chief of the alliance and the ordinary members must carry out the intelligence monitoring, there are main the intelligence audit between the chief of the alliance and the applicators, exterior orientation intelligence monitoring and the internal orientation intelligence monitoring.


The effects of a stable endoperoxide analog, U-46619, were studied in five conscious chair-adapted rhesus monkeys. A dye dilution technique was used to determine simultaneously gastric fractional emptying, fluid output and ion output. A continuous infusion of either saline or U-46619 (0.2 micrograms/kg/min i.v.; 1 or 2 micrograms/kg/min s.c.) was given during a basal period and after distension of the stomach with an 80-ml water load. These studies demonstrate that U-46619 increases basal, but not postload fractinal emptying, and inhibits parietal secretion. These actions are similar to some of the effects of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha on gastric emptying and secretion.


A theory of electro‐acoustic surface‐wave interaction is presented for a layered structure of piezoelectric and semiconductor. The semiconductor is assumed to be thin compared to both the acoustic wavelength and the Debye length. Diffusion has been taken into account in the analysis. Computed curves of gain are given and the dependence of gain on frequency, carrier concentration, drift velocity, and semiconductor thickness is discussed.


Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission schemes can provide large spectral efficiency gains in cellular networks. Because of the coordination among neighbor basestations, the planning interval for resource allocation with CoMP is longer than for uncoordinated local transmission modes. Especially for bursty data traffic, this planning interval might be too long to keep up with changes in offered load at small timescales. In this case, coordination gains might turn into losses when the coordinated resource allocation doesn't fit the system state anymore. To avoid these problems and to leverage the CoMP schemes' potential at higher layers, previous work has investigated traffic aware transmit mode selection schemes with the objective to maximize spectral efficiency. In this work, we do not focus on spectral efficiency, but on per-user throughput. We derive a suitable coordination threshold to improve throughput and evaluate it's impact on system performance.


The rough grind machine operation in metallic material produce a sub product with the followings components such as: metallic residue, small parts come from the resin grinds, diatomaceous earth material (filter material) and soluble oil in water for tools cooling. According [HU1UH] from ABNT, this sub product is toxic, not inert material, aggress the environment with pollution in the currency water and contaminate the ground when incorrectly go to the municipal solid waste. The final destination of this sub product, is the incineration, in the cements company, being the incorporated the sub product to the cement, during your production. With the qualitative result using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled to the dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), two experiments were made with objective to separate the magnetic material of the non-magnetic material, using a permanent magnet. We conclude that the magnetic material can be used by powder metallurgy process in production of pieces.


Objective To investigate the effects of comprehensive family intervention on relapse of schizophrenia patients living in the community.Methods A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia discharged from Shanghai Mental Health Center were selected from September 2008 to February 2009,and randomly divided into the study group and control group(each 50 cases) according to number table.The control group was treated with conventional care and follow-up,while the study group was treated with additional comprehensive family intervention.The medication compliance of patients,contact time of patients with their families,disease relapse rate and Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS) were used to assess the patients when grouping and 12 months after grouping.Results The above four indexes were significantly improved in the study group compared with those in the control group 12 months after grouping(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion The planned comprehensive family intervention can effectively promote the rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients living in the community,improve their medication compliance,reduce disease relapse and improve their social function.It is an effective method of community rehabilitation for schizophrenia patients.


The main motivation of this paper is to describe and assess the impact of sudden and deep macroeconomic liberalization on the industry-level and firm-level behavior of companies operating in Latin American emerging economies. The transformation of Argentina's economy during the 1991-1997 period is used as an illustration. The main contributions of the paper are: (a) to provide an objective measure of a country degree of globalization based on trade and investment flows intensity; (b) to benchmark the level and gradient of such measure for a sample of emerging economies; (c) to propose, discuss and provide preliminary confirmation for a framework of firm-level corporate change induced by the infusion of foreign capital into a transitioning country; and finally (d) to suggest the self-breeding nature of globalization processes by assessing spillover effects to neighbouring economies. The arguments may prove useful in explaining corporate investment and change in other big emerging markets like Brazil, which are currently undergoing similar transitions.


Deviant behavior is not only a problem of the person who suffers from this bias, but also a problem for the society with which that person is crossed. Deviant behavior is observed in intractable and pedagogically neglected children, juvenile offenders. A new direction in the rehabilitation process for the normalization of adequate socialization and school adaptation is designed to help correctional pedagogy.


In the direct digital synthesis of periodic communication signals for communication countermeasure experiments,the frequency resolutions,bandwidths and spectral complexities of the synthesized signals are limited by the working frequency and data capacity of the synthesizing system.This paper presents two waveform sequences applied to improve the frequency resolutions and spectral complexities of the synthesized periodic signals without changing their spectral envelopes and basic time-domain properties under the condition of fixed working frequency and data capacity.The two sequences are applicable to the digital synthesis of some other periodic signals.


Background and objectives: Bilastine is a non-sedating second-generation antihistamine for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. This trial aimed to evaluate the optimal dose, efficacy, and safety of a newly developed once-daily preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine for allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: This phase 2, single-center, double-masked, randomized study evaluated the efficacy of 3 doses of a bilastine ophthalmic formulation (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) compared to vehicle for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The primary efficacy endpoint was ocular itching reduction. The Ora-CAC® Conjunctival Allergen Challenge model was used to assess ocular and nasal symptoms at the onset of action (15 minutes), 8- and 16-hours post-treatment. Tolerance and safety were also evaluated. Results: A total of 121 adults with seasonal and/or perennial ocular allergy were randomized. Bilastine ophthalmic formulation 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% were significantly superior (p>0.001) to vehicle for the treatment of ocular itching at 3, 5 and 7 minutes post-challenge at onset of action (15 minutes) and 8 hours post-treatment. Bilastine 0.6% was also effective at 16 hours post-treatment. Treatment differences for bilastine 0.6% were statistically significant (p<0.001) compared to vehicle at all timepoints for tearing, eyelid swelling, and nasal symptoms. No relevant adverse events were observed. Conclusions: All the tested ophthalmic bilastine doses were efficacious in rapidly reducing ocular itching. The 0.6% formulation was effective up to 16 hours post-treatment, making it suitable for once-daily administration. The new formulation was safe and well tolerated.


Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of selenium-enriching wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on hepatocarcinoma cell strain HepG2. Methods The in-vitro cultured HepG2 cells were used for the experiment. The inhibition of HepG2 cells proliferation by selenium-enriching wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining method. Results Selenium-enriching wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells dose-dependently(P0.05 compared with blank normal group), and the effect was obviously stronger than Ganoderma lucidum spore powder at the same concentration. Conclusion Selenium-enriching wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder exerts certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells.


This paper employs a multifactor pricing model to investigate the pricing of several local sources of risk factors and whether these factors explain the variation in the stock returns for the U. A. E. industries, and if so, to what extent. We examine returns of nine industries: banking, consumer staples, industrial, insurance, investment & financial service, real estates, service, telecommunication, and transportation for which data is available. Our results show that local sources of risk factors are very important in explaining the variations in the monthly excess return for the U. A. E. industries. Also, the local sources of risk factors and industry stock returns are found to be related. Local market excess return has major influence on industry returns for all industries investigated.


Petri Nets are becoming increasingly popular as a means to formally specify and verify hardware systems at a high level. Many tools are being developed. Unfortunately, no common format is available that would allow these tools to interchange designs, for two main reasons: most tools only implement a subset of the Petri Net notation, and many tools do not allow the use of hierarchy. We present an interchange format for the description of hierarchical Coloured Petri Nets. It has many features in common with EDIF.


Objective To study the clinical,diagnosistic and treatmental features of mesentric cysts.Methods Clinical,diagnostic and treatmental data of 17 patients of mesenteric cysts in children were reviewed retrospectively. Results Mobidity between male and female is equal.Rate of attacking age is 35.3% under 3 years,70.6% under 6 years and 94.1% under 9 years .Pain,distension,and mass of abdomen are the main clinical situations.The diagnostic accuracy rates is 35.4%,and the misdiagnosis rates to greater omentum cysts and appendicitis (or peritonitis) are 23.5% and 17.6%respectively at admission.35.3% patients were checked by CT,the accuracy rate is 100%.41.3% patients were checked by plain film of abdomen,the accuracy fate is 42.9%. 94.1 % patients were checked by ultrasound ,the accuracy rate is 93.8%.35.3%,29.4% and 35.3% parients′ cysts were located in jejunum mesentery,ileum mesentery and colon mesentery respectively.82.3% patients were conducted with bowel,mesentery and cysts resection.11.8% patients were conducted with cyst resection singly .5.9% patients were conducted with half-baked cyst resection,and the surface on inta-cyst and vessel adhesion was treated with tinctura iodi.Conclusion Children under 10 years who have the presenting features of abdominal pain,distension and mass should be suspected of mesentric cysts.Ultrasound and CT are the most valuable methods for diagnosis.Operation is the first choice of cure,and the effect of therapy is satisfied.Seven cases have not relapsed during 3 years.


B. L. Beck, K. A. Jenkins, K. Padgett, J. R. Fitzsimmons, S. J. Blackband University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States Introduction A major drive in the development of MR has been towards stronger magnetic field strengths so as to increase the signal to noise ratio, which in turn can be traded for faster imaging and/or improved spatial resolution. However there are caveats that may compromise the gains high magnetic fields provide including increased potential magnetic field hazard, image inhomogeneities arising from magnetic susceptibilities, decreased rf penetration and increased standing wave effects. The University of Florida has an 11.1 Tesla, 40 cm Magnex clear bore magnet interfaced with a Bruker Biospec imaging/spectroscopy console for which we have constructed large rf resonators for proton imaging on moderately large samples, including a fixed human brain and a large piece of fresh beef. Here, we report the observation of large image distortions arising from wave behavior within the sample and interactions between the coil and sample. Methods All samples were placed within a quadrature ReCav coil 1,2 of inner diameter 20.5 cm, window extent 20.5 cm, shield diameter 24.2 cm and shield length 35.5 cm. The resonant frequency of 470.7 MHz yields a free space wavelength (λ) of 63.7 cm, making the ReCav a large wavelength structure (inner diameter and window extent ~ λ/3). Three large samples were imaged in the coil; a fixed human brain (~ 16 x 13 x 10 cm), a lean piece of fresh beef (~ 20 x 18 x 10 cm), and an oil phantom in a gallon plastic container. The complex relative permittivity of the samples was measured with an HP85070B coaxial probe/software and HP8752C network analyzer, from which the dielectric constant and conductivity were determined. The dielectric constant of the oil was measured to be 2.5 and the conductivity 1.7x10-3 S/m. The values measured for the beef and the brain were higher leading to a significant shortening of the electrical wavelength in the tissues. The dielectric constant of the beef was 62.9 and the conductivity 0.8 S/m (~ that of muscle at 470 MHz). The dielectric constant of the brain was dominated by the fixative (4% paraformaldehyde, 96% phosphate buffered saline) and was measured to be 77.5 (~ that of water) and the conductivity 0.5 S/m. Target values for permittivity and conductivity at 470 MHz are 48.8 and 0.6 for average brain, respectively, and 57.5 and 0.8 for average muscle, respectively . Results A coronal spin echo image (FOV 34 cm, 512*512 matrix, TR 500 ms, TE 19ms, 1 avg., 2 mm thick slice, sweep width 50 kHz, rf pw 8000 μs) of the oil phantom is shown in Figure 1a and indicates good field homogeneity. The rf power settings were determined by increasing the power until a signal null was seen at the center of a slice projection. This setting was chosen to be the power for a 180 degree pulse and the 90 degree pulse power was set 6 dB lower. The brain was drained of excess liquid and triple wrapped in 0.32 mil clear plastic bags. A spin echo image was acquired using a FOV 25 cm, 128*128 matrix, TR 671ms, TE 17ms, 1 average, 3 mm thick slice, sweep width 50 kHz, rf pw 8000 μs. The rf power settings were difficult to determine due to the inhomogeneity of the B1 field in this sample. Dark banding is seen on the coronal and sagittal images (Fig. 1b-c). Low power settings were investigated to be sure that the inhomogeneities were not the result of overtipping the spins. Finally, the beef was imaged using the following spin echo parameters; FOV 34 cm, 128*128 matrix , TR 500, TE 17, 1 average, 3 mm thick slice, sweep width 50 kHz, rf pw 8000 μs. The images show (Fig. 1d-h) a quite striking pattern of banding. The rf power settings were difficult to determine, but as a baseline, a setting was chosen that indicated maximum signal from the slice. This baseline was approached from low power settings where the signal intensities were near the level of the noise to again ensure that the image inhomogeneities were not simply caused by overtipping of spins. Figure 1d is the image with the baseline power settings. Further images were acquired where the rf power settings were changed in increments of 6 dB (Fig 1e-h) and it can be seen that the location of signal void does not change. However, the areas of signal intensity are influenced by the power settings to the point of overtipping in some areas as seen in Fig. 1h.


The article considers the problem of training highly qualified specialists in conditions of economic modernization in the direction of creating highAtech industries. It is shown that one of the reasons for the insufficient level of professional training of engineers in this situation is transition to a system of academic education of bachelors and masters. Improving of the quality of engineering education can be ensured through the development and implementation of relevant programs of additional education in collaboration with industry. The article presents the experience of PNIPU specialists participation in the Presidential program for engineering personnel's skills raising.


The recorder equipments in the market mostly exist the problems that they have fewer serial ports,lower collecting rate and they are relatively expensive.Aiming at the problems,the structure of the onboard data collecting recording system based on the embedded PC104 board for INS/GPS equipment is put forward.The system design is specified and the implementation is described in detail.Several UAV flight tests have shown that the designed system have the characteristics of large capacity,high collecting rate,multi-ports serial,low cost and also can satisfy the requirement of the INS/GPS Equipment evaluating experiments.


In a recent article [Phys. Rev. A 57, 1572 (1998)] Caticha has concluded that ``nonlinear variants of quantum mechanics are inconsistent.'' In this note we identify what it is that nonlinear quantum theories have been shown to be inconsistent with.


Opinions differ today concerning what is to be considered "proper" food in Bénin. On the one hand, "proper" food is associated with "traditional" food or "meals from our country" and carries positive connotations. The urge for modernity, on the other hand, characterizes recently introduced food preparations, new products and new recipes. "Proper" food in this context is "modern" or non-African food, while "traditional" food signifies backwardness. At present the two food trends co-exist. Different identities, Africanism and modernity, are attached to different meals. These two identities occur as a contrast as well as complementing one another, depending on gender, age, and class.


OBVIOUSLY, man's first interest in plant life dates back to earliest time when, in order to survive, he soon recognized a need to become familiar with the plants of his environment and to engage in food crop development. This was long before botany took form as a science. Concomitantly with the earliest need of plants for food there was a keen awareness of the values of many forms of plant life as sources for medicines. Admittedly, the use of plants in early medicine was often cloaked in mystery and physician-botanists, of which there were many, were frequently better psychologists, philosophers, or in many cases tribal witch doctors, than medical scientists. Nevertheless the influence of a botanical interest in medicine, or medicine in botany as one might also look at it, was stimulated early and long before both sciences became formalized as we know them today. Before dealing with some of the modern concepts of botano-medico relationships it is perhaps pertinent that several of the highlights of early mater?a medica which played an important part in the development of botany as a science be reviewed. Indeed, it was this aspect of medicine, and later pharmacy, in which many of the closest bonds between botany and medicine were first made. In the pages that follow it will be seen that even today much of the influence of botany on modern medicine comes from an interest in certain plants which yield therapeutically useful constituents. The fact is that many of these plants were described as useful crude drugs in the materia medicas of ancient time. Undoubtedly the early descriptive materia medica and botany texts of Greek and Roman physician-botanists such as Theophrastus (often called the Father of Botany), Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger, Galen and others had much to do with the beginnings of scientific botany. On the other hand the botany of the first centuries A.D. could hardly be called a science. Students of medical and pharmacy history are well aware of the great influence played on medical practice since 77 A.D. by the famous "De Materia Medica" of Dioscorides, the Greek physician-botanist, as this compendium of plant, animal and mineral drugs became the "bible" of drug knowledge for more than fourteen centuries. In fact, the descriptions of Dioscorides were often extensively copied in the herbals and medical botanies which followed soon after the event of printing in the


In the last few years, the construction works on Počitelj Bridge, the largest giant of the Corridor Vc, have been executed. Počitelj Bridge connects two banks of the "divine" (as named by the Illyrians) river Neretva, thus connecting Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia and Hungary. The Počitelj bridge is being built north from the town having the same name - Počitelj. Its length of about 980 m and height of about 100 m above the river make it the largest bridge in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of seven spans, i.e. six middle pillars and two abutments. The subject of this paper is a review of the construction of the foundation at the S2 pillar location using analyses and comparisons with the main project, especially the protection of the construction pit during the works execution at the above-mentioned pillar location.


The phenomenon of banalisation, an advanced degree of institutionalisation of an instrument or of organisational practices, is frequently observed in the field of the social and solidarity economy (SSE), but is often analysed purely in terms of isomorphism. This article proposes a model for analysing the banalisation of an SSE instrument by examining the evolution of the institutional logics contributing to shaping it. It is based on a qualitative survey of the construction of the Pole Territorial de Cooperation Economique ("Territorial Clsuter for Economic Cooperation") policy. The analysis sheds light on the evolution of the institutional logics in play, in which the founding institutional logic of the instrument is effaced by a new institutional logic described as "imported." Based on a Gioia-type coding operation, an explanatory model of this evolutionary process is put forward, around two central dimensions: the incompatibility of the institutional logics present and the hegemony of reference to the market. The results contribute both to questioning the Public Value Approach and to enriching the corpus of the institutional logics approach by examining the institutional orders-institutional logics relationship.


Developed and studied a mathematical model of aging concrete products for the treatment of heat and humidity in the molding stand, given the dynamics of the process for determining the parameters of the equipment and management control law in order to improve the quality of concrete products and reduce the economic costs. The study was conducted in MATLAB 6 Simulink.


In the use of the terms 'laissez-faire individualism" and "collectivism" for the history of modern political and economic thought there has been no discernible ambiguity, but the antithetic political concepts to which these terms refer have, from a twentieth-century perspective, a somewhat baffling relationship. In successive interpretations of the era of laissez faire in Britain, individualism and collectivism seem perversely to shift their positions and even to exchange places. This process can be illustrated by turning to four discussions touching on that period and published within the last fifty years-A. V. Dicey's Law and Public Opinion in England' before the first World War, J. S. Schapiro's "Utilitarianism and the Foundations of English Liberalism"2 before the second World War, and, more recently, William Irvine's "Shaw, the Fabians and the Utilitarians"3 and J. B. Brebner's "Laissez faire and State Intervention in Nineteenth Century Britain. "4


In essence the concept of creating a system of collective security to safeguard the peace and to prevent breaches of peace goes back to the alliance of states against Germany, Italy and Japan in the Second World War. The structure of the United Nations reflects the history of its foundation very clearly. The history of the United Nations in the following decades proved that the provisions of the Charter contained enough flexibility on the one hand, and standards of international law on the other, to offer the states of the world sufficient chances for effective crisis prevention, notwithstanding the fact that the states in many situations made no use of the possibilities inherent in the UN Charter. Keywords: international law; international peace; international security organization; Second World War; UN foundation


The penetration of wind power into electrical grids is increased during the recent years. According to grid codes issued by utilities, tripping of wind turbines following power system faults is not allowed. Besides, to provide voltage support to the grid, reactive current supply is necessary. This paper studied the power flow (PF) of two different parts in one network, the first presents the transmission lines and the second presents the distribution lines, a wind DFIG turbine is connected to these different parts of network. A line fault right through (lfrt) is applied on each part of the network. The corresponding voltages are given and compared, then a new solution is proposed to connect the wind turbine to the distribution network and aiming to not disconnect the wind turbine during the line fault. The power system analyses toolbox (PSAT) are used in this work.


Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of InSb nanowires (NWs). The results show that, in contrast to the bulk InSb phase, wurtzite (WZ) NWs are more stable than zinc-blende (ZB) NWs when the NW diameter is smaller than 10 nm. Nonpassivated ZB and WZ NWs are found to be metallic and semiconducting, respectively. After passivation, both ZB and WZ NWs exhibit direct-gap semiconductor character, and the band gap magnitude of the NWs strongly depends on the suppression of surface states by the charge-compensation ability of foreign atoms to surface atoms. Moreover, the carrier mobility of the NW can be strengthened by halogen passivation.


The rapid proliferation of the outdoor fitness parks drives to this research which is aimed at reporting information about the users of these spaces in the city of Granada in order to find out about their motivations and habits. When collecting the information, a survey with closed-ended questions was conducted to a sample of 425 users in three different parks. The majority of these users were people over 40 years old, mostly women. However, the number of users aged between 18 and 34 years old is on the rise. As for the most outstanding motivations, the parks are considered an option to improve health as well as to counteract the sedentary lifestyle or merely enjoy the pleasure of it.


The Scotsman has sacked a gadget columnist for mentioning the uncomfortable fact that property advertising is moving from papers to Online.


See Piguet (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa119) for a scientific commentary on this article. Murley et al. report the results of a transdiagnostic study of clinical phenotype and brain atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes, showing that these syndromes exist on a multidimensional spectrum, rather than as discrete entities.


perceptions are very much a product of underlying predispositions and expectations, but these are probed in no depth. What does it mean, then, that superintendents are less likely than city managers to view conflict management as an essential part of their jobs? The answer is not clear. Superintendents dislike conflict, but the authors find that situational pressures may override predispositions. When superintendents describe how they actually anticipate and regulate conflict, they are every bit as likely as city managers to talk about keeping their political ears to the ground, bargaining, compromising, and working out political forms of collaboration. If they dominate their lay boards, is it because they successfully assert professional authority and expertise or because they are better politicians than their board members? Maybe the information advantage they hold is not restricted to technical information but includes political information as well. If school superintendents are rarely rebuffed by their boards, perhaps it is in part because they are politically astute. The authors appear equivocal about the basic force in superintendent behavior. Sometimes they stress the training of superintendents and their immersion in reform doctrine about technical expertise. At other times they freely acknowledge that school administrators treat their jobs as highly political. Overall this is a slender volume, only about ISO pages of text. There is no shortage of quantitative data, from extensive reporting of survey responses to governmental data on school finances. Yet the texture of school politics is largely absent, perhaps because the authors believe that case studies inevitably focus on conflict and on the atypical. Despite this view, the nondecision process receives little illumination. One supposes that in a world of routine, bureaucratic decision rules are important, but such rules are not identified. Except for large executive budgets, the authors don't tell us what superintendent domination of decision making means in terms of policy bias and educational practice. So, although there is much useful information in this volume, much is also unexplained. Readers should also remember that the survey findings come from selected suburban jurisdictions in the Chicago and San Francisco areas. As with most social science research, this book makes a case for further study.


This paper mainly discusses the certification of the structure matrix with rank deficiency using interval algorithm.For a structure matrix A(p) with numerical rank k,this paper gives an algorithm which outputs an interval matrix A(p+W) with the same algebraic structure such that A(p+ W) contains a real matrix A(p+w) with the same algebraic structure and rank k within certain error bounds.Specially,each element of A(p + W) is a small interval perturbation of the corresponding element of A(p).


The precollisional locations and geometries of the Lhasa terrane (LT) are critical to constrain the India‐Asia collision. However, the inclinations of the Cretaceous paleomagnetic data obtained from the northern limb of folds are obviously lower than those obtained from the southern limb, which cause large discrepant paleolatitudes of the LT prior to India‐Asia collision. Here, we carried out a new paleomagnetic investigation on the Late Cretaceous Jingzhushan Formation red beds in the far western LT. The tilt‐corrected site mean direction yielded a palaeopole at 74.4°N, 226.0°E with A95 = 3.8° (N = 54). This paleomagnetic data set passes fold tests and indicates that the studied area was located at 19.6° ± 3.8°N during the Late Cretaceous. However, the mean inclination calculated from the northern limb of folds (Is = 19.0°) is significantly lower than that of the southern limb of folds (Is = 51.8°). This inclination discrepancy of the Jingzhushan Formation red beds may be attributed to the syntectonic sedimentation. Nevertheless, the site mean direction obtained from both limbs of folds is generally consistent with the site mean direction after syntectonic‐sedimentation correction. Our new paleomagnetic results, combined with the reliable Cretaceous paleomagnetic results from the LT showed that the southern margin of Asia had a present‐day relatively east‐west alignment prior to India‐Asia collision.


This paper describes a newly developed Moth-Flame optimization algorithm to deal with optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The prime intention of reactive power dispatch problem is to curtail the real power loss and control the bus voltages in power system network. The Moth-Flame algorithm is one of the most powerful and robust new global optimization algorithms in engineering. The primary aim of this advanced algorithm is quick convergence rate owing to the roulette wheel election method. This algorithm deals with numerous nonconvex, non-linear, continuous & discrete variable reactive power optimization problems. The MothFlame optimization is established by flow of moths in the direction from source to flame. This optimization algorithm employs a standard IEEE-30 bus & 57 bus system to attain the optimal settings of regulating variables from reactive power compensating components. As a result of the regulating variables, the prime intentions for system network can be achieved. The outcome solutions and results are notable in comparison with other well-known algorithms reported in journals.


Abstract DNase treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells releases DNA fragments from the membrane surface. This increases the capacity of the cells for homoribopolynucleotide uptake. Another portion of membrane DNA is embedded in protein structures and is not accessible for DNase. This DNA does not hinder ribopolynucleotide uptake unless it is unwrapped by a sub equent pronase treatment of the cells. We interprete these findings to be the consequence of alterations of the net negative charge brought about by the removal and reestablishment of "open" surface DNA.


A physical scale-modelling technique was used to assess the performance of an impressed-current cathodic-protection (ICCP) system of a naval ship. The results showed that a single-zone ICCP system works satisfactorily for this class of vessel. Because of these findings, it was decided that the position of one of the two midship control points (reference electrodes) should be changed to the aft region in order to obtain optimum performance under all operating conditions. This configuration held good even under partially paint- damaged conditions. It was also observed that ten indium-activated aluminium galvanic anodes were required to protect the structure for a partially-paint-damaged hull, as an alternative to the ICCP system.


Many resource-rich developing countries are often faced with the challenge of generating sufficient employment for poverty alleviation due to factors such as the capital-intensive nature of resource extraction, the lack of (or weak) linkages between the resource sector and the wider economy, and potential Dutch disease effects. Using Papua New Guinea as a case study, this paper uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model to analyse some options for a resource-dependent developing country to boost growth in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Four policy experiments were conducted to examine the impacts of increased primary factor productivity growth in the agricultural and manufacturing industries; increased investment in agriculture; increased investment in agriculture in conjunction with improved infrastructure; and improved value adding and productivity in agro-processing. Our results indicate that investing in agriculture and manufacturing without addressing supply side constraints such as poor road infrastructure would fail to maximise the desired impacts. We also show that by shifting the emphasis from production of primary commodities for export to value adding or secondary production activities, resource-dependent developing countries could enhance growth and employment.


Objective: To get a general idea about the actual level of mental health among doctors and its relationship with personality character, and to provide an aid for interventionof mental health problem.Methods: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RSC) were conducted among 133 doctors. Results: The prevalence of mental ill health was 35.3%. The personality character of doctorsaffects their mental health. Conclusion: More importanceshould be attached to the mental healthproblem of doctors, the influence of the personality character on the mental health should be taken into consideration.


The reaction of ZnEt2 and i-PrN=C=Ni-Pr in toluene at elevated temperature yields the zinc amidinate complex [{EtC(Ni-Pr)2}ZnEt]2 1. In contrast, the reaction of stronger Lewis acidic MeZnCl with t-BuN=C=Nt-Bu resulted in the formation of the Lewis acid-base adduct Me(Cl)Zn-N(t-Bu)CNt-Bu 2, which adopts a dimeric, Cl-bridged structure in the solid state. 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analyses, mass and multinuclear (1H, 13C{1H}) NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C), and single crystal X-ray analysis.


Objective To compare the feasibility,effective and security ofphacotrabeculectomy with the resection of triangular deep scleral bed to routine phacotrabeculectomy in treatment of the advanced angle-closure glaucoma and coexisting cataract.Methods Clinical retrospective study.136 patients(142 eyes) of advanced angle-closure glaucoma with cataract were analyzed.86 eyes (modified group) were treated with modified phacotrabeculectomy with the resection of triangular deep scleral bed and 56 eyes were treated with routine phacotrabeculectomy(control group).The visual acuity,intraocular pressure(IOP),type of filtering bleb and postoperative complications were blind method observed after operation.Results The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months(average 12±1.5 months).Both groups were performed the operation safely.Best corrected visual acuity were increased in both groups after surgery,there was no statistical difference between two groups(P >0.05).The IOP was no statistical difference (P >0.05) between the two groups before operation.The mean IOP and decreased IOP range were statistically significant (t =0.03,P <0.05)between two groups at 12 months post operation.Decreased IOP in the modified group was 16.5±4.9mmHg (ImmHg=0.133kPa)and decreased extent was 55.9% compare to 11.5±5.1mmHg and 40.0% in control.The functional filtering bleb(Ⅰ and Ⅱtype)in the modified groups was 73 eyes (84.9%),and 48 eyes(85.7%) in the control group,which was no significant difference(P >0.05).There was transient hypotony in two groups after operation.Conclusions The modified phacotrabeculectomy can reduce IOP more effectively than routinephacotrabeculectomy and induce no more postoperative complications.It is one of safe,effective and optional method in advanced angle-closure glaucoma with coexisting cataract patients.

Key words:
Angle closure glaucoma;  Cataract;  phacotrabeculectomy; Deep scleral resection


The determination of checkpoints for the protection of water bodies exposed to possible contamination by oil spills del Campo Drago operated by Petroamazonas E.P. in the new community Esmeraldas, Shushufindi, Sucumbios province, is aimed at determining variables by attributes and identify checkpoints at strategic sites Shushufindi river, which was necessary to implement field measurements of variables (flow, speed, area, depth) in places that have better conditions, identified as contributing technical characteristics - operational control points found by performing a mock spill, and against possible contingencies a contingency plan was developed in the control points to contain potential oil spills and prevent the pollution stain from spreading in the surrounding water bodies to Drago field. The test results allowed to establish the appropriate location of the checkpoints. Which it was confirmed by running a simulation that allowed analyzing the course of the stain versus response time; putting like a real stage an event occurred in the Production Station Drago. 3-point control point control No 1 is called, with its location at coordinates (9980849 N, 305935 E), checkpoint No 2, located at coordinates (9981230 N, 307257 E), and the checkpoint No 3, coordinates (9,981,423 N; 308 581 E). (UTM WGS 84, Zone 18 South).


Phylogeographic studies show how historical and current changes in landscapes shape the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in species of animals and plants. In particular, for the species of the Diagonal of Open Formations (DOF), the compartmentalization of the Central Brazilian Plateau (CBP) during the Tertiary and climatic oscillations during the Quaternary have often been invoked to explain the origin and current patterns of biodiversity. We investigated how landscape changes and climatic oscillations shaped the distribution and diversification history of a widespread South American treefrog.


The taxonomic status of metastrongyloid nematodes from Australian marsupials is reviewed. Metastrongyloids are reported from 20 host species belonging to the Dasyuridae, Peramelidae, Phalangeridae, Petauridae, Macropodidae and Vombatidae. Three nematode genera in two families are recognized. The genus Marsupostrongylus Mackenas A Sandars, 1953, is redefined and placed in the Angiostrongylidae Boehm A Gebauer, 1934 (sensu Anderson 1977). M. bronchialis is recognized as a spelling emendation for M. bronchialus Mackerras A Sandars, 1953, the species is redescribed and to the genus is added M. coulstoni, sp. nov., M. dorrigoensis, sp. nov., M. lanceolatus, sp. nov., M. longilarvatus, sp. nov., and M. minesi, sp. nov. The genus Filostrongylus Mackerras, 1955 is redefined, also placed in the Angiostrongylidae, and its single species, F. peramelis Mackerras, 1955 is redescribed. Plectostrongylus Mackerras A Sandars, 1953 is reduced to a synonym of Marsupostrongylus Mackerras A Sandars, 1953 and M. fragilis (Mackerras A Sandars, 19531, comb. nov. is redescribed. Filaroides (Filaroides) pilbarensis, sp. nov. is placed in the Filaroididae Schulz, 1951 (sensu Anderson 1977) and represents the only species of the genus known from a marsupial. Keys to the genera of metastrongyloids and the species of Marsupostrongylus from Australian marsupials are provided. Brief details of the life cycles of some described species are presented. The evolution of Australian metastrongyloids is discussed briefly. A host–parasite list for metastrongyloids of Australian marsupials is given.


It is said that a person cannot sustain life without having aims and aspirations. The study compares the occupational aspirations among orphanage reared and home-reared secondary school students. The study covers 100 adolescents, including 50 orphanages reared and 50 home-reared school students chosen from Delhi through purposive sampling. The occupational Aspiration Scale developed and standardized by J. S. Grewal has been used in the study. MannWhitney U Test has been used to assess the data. The study revealed no significant difference in the occupational aspiration and the idealistic expression of occupational aspiration between orphanage reared and home reared secondary school students (p>.05). Only the dimension realistic expression of occupational aspiration, home-reared students have significantly higher than orphanagereared students (p<.05). Concerning gender, it revealed that there was no significant difference in occupational aspiration and idealistic expression of occupational aspiration (p>.05), whereas a significant difference found in the realistic expression of occupational aspiration between male and female (p<.01).