The Emeishan flood volcanism that erupted at Permian-Triassic boundary time produced a large igneous province of at least 2.5 X 10 5 km 2 in the western margin of the Yangtze craton, southwestern China. The volcanic successions, suggested to have resulted from a starting mantle plume, comprise thick piles of basaltic flows and subordinate picrites and pyroclastics. The picrites, which have high magnesian contents (MgO ≊ 20–16 wt%), variable degrees of light rare earth element enrichment [(Ce/Yb) N ≊ 4–25] and heterogeneous isotope ratios [ϵ Nd ≊ (T) +4 to −4], are proposed to have been generated by mixing between the dominant plume-derived magmas and small amounts of lamproitic liquids from the continental lithospheric mantle.


Here we consider the Husimi function (HF) P for the squeezed states and calculate the marginal and correlation distribution functions (MDFs and CDFs) when P is projected onto the photon-number states. According to the value of the squeezing parameter one verifies the occurence of oscillations and beats as already appointed in the literature. We verify that these phenomena are entirely contained in the correlation function. In particular, we show that since the Husimi and its MDFs satisfy partial differential equations where the squeeze parameter plays the role of time, the solutions (the squeezed functions obtained from `initial' unsqueezed functions) can be expressed by means of kernels responsible for the `propagation' of squeezing. From the calculational point of view, this method presents advantages for calculating the MDFs (compared with a direct integration over one of the two phase-space variables of P) since one can use the symmetry properties of the differential equations.


Two new fluorescent organogelators based on cholesterol containing benzothiadiazole group have been designed and synthesized. Three methods for gels preparation have been presented, such as heating-cooling process, ultrasonic treatment and mixed solvents under room temperature. For both of the gels, their states and emission colors exhibit striking changes upon addition of Hg2+. The gelation properties, structural characteristics and fluorescence of the gels were studied by FT-IR, UV-Vis absorption and PL spectra. The underlying mechanism of gelation property was studied by X-ray diffraction combined with theoretical calculation, and the important role of π- π interactions in forming the gels has been proved.


We present an efficient hardware implementation of the AES (advanced encryption standard) algorithm, with key expansion capability. Instead of the widely used table-lookup implementation of the S-box, the proposed basis transformation technique reduces the hardware overhead of the S-box by 64% and is easily pipelined to achieve high throughput rate. Using a typical 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the throughput rate is 2.977 Gbps for 128 bit keys, 2.510 Gbps for 192 bit keys, and 2.169 Gbps for 256 bit keys, with a 250 MHz clock. Testability of the design is also considered. The area of the core circuit is about 1,279/spl times/1,271 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.


This paper examines the content and processes of embodied resocialization that occur at a children's weight loss camp. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data, I provide the children's accounts of their decision to attend camp. In addition to teaching the children to implement body projects through strategic and embodied means, the structured environment at camp allowed for the recalibration of the campers' habits. Social control supported weight loss at camp but ultimately created problems for effective resocialization. This paper contributes to a better understanding of processes of embodied resocialization and the tension between self-control and social control when resocialization occurs in an immersive environment for a short period of time.


Abstract: This chapter describes various techniques for the characterization of ocular transporters. Transporters are membrane-bound proteins that can be broadly classified as efflux and influx transporters. They play a crucial role in determination of drug bioavailability. Discussed in this review are various methods to analyze their structural, functional and kinetic properties. Also included are various in vitro and in vivo models that help us to understand these proteins. The readers are also directed to peruse the references cited to gain better understanding of this exciting field of research.


Rating systems for evaluating the sustainability of communities are an essential tool that is increasingly applied throughout the developed world to set criteria indicators to optimize the physical, social, economic, and environmental potential within such communities. Rating systems vary based on existing disparities among societies and their unique building and physical planning practices. Iraqi cities lacked the adaptation of a formal methodology or sustainability rating system to correctly measure the built environment's sustainability indicators. This research attempts to review the most substantial rating systems to measure the sustainability of communities worldwide to form a point of departure. In conclusion, the Article attempts to delineate relevant parameters to develop a local model to evaluate the suitability levels of communities in urban centres per regional environmental characteristics.


The main objective of this book - New Political Parties in the Party System of Poland is to analyse and investigate new political parties that were successful in the parliamentary elections of 2011, 2015 and 2019 in Poland, as well as to analyse the Polish and Czech party systems in a comparative manner. The entry of new groups into Parliament has led to significant changes in the Polish party system, sparking discussions about business parties, populism and the role of social media in election campaigns. The book includes the following political parties: Palikot Movement, Modern, Kukiz'15, Robert Biedroń's Spring and Confederation.


A new iteration for solution normal equation is applied to GPS rapid positioning by using several-epoch single frequency phase data. Using the actual data collected, it can get more precise floating resolution of the ambiguity to and the search space of ambiguity can be greatly reduced and it is applied to commonly normal equation, morbidity normal equation and rank-defect normal equation.


STEM education for students is an essential aspect of today's education since it leads to greater development in the modern world and more technological achievements. Achieving this sort of education can be done by performing an engineering analysis to determine the volume content of a wine bottle. The project conducted here was to determine the volume of a wine bottle by measuring it at various points and using mathematics to perform this real-world analysis. Its objective is not only to reflect on what was done but to introduce it as a STEM-related project to encourage new growth within the STEM fields. There was also extended reasoning as to why STEM is important in today's world through small examples of what already exists. This is done as a step toward increasing the standing that the United States holds currently within the world's STEM community, which is low compared to other countries. This is partially due to a lack of interest that many American students have in STEM-related fields. To fix this, the STEM-related activities that students perform in schools today need to incorporate what they do in their everyday lives.


Biological agent KZSH01 was used as a reductant to deoxidize ferromanganese dioxide ore containing MnO_2, Fe_2O_3, Pb, Zn and Ag. The influence of the ore fineness and the reductant content on the deoxidization process was studied. The variety of temperature and content in deoxidization of the ore and H_2SO_4 dosage on the leaching effects of Mn and Zn were investigated. The results show that 93.0% MnO_2 and 90.0% Fe_2O_3 are deoxidized to MnO and Fe_3O_4, respectively. The leaching rate of Mn and Zn are larger than 90.0%. The magnetic separation recovery rate of Fe is 85.0%, and 79.0% Pb and 82.5% Ag are concentrated in the residue.


The essential of enterprises core competence and the significance of implementing supply chain management to enhance enterprises core competence were elaborated.The existing enterprise supply chain management condition and problems were analyzed,which included weak supply chain management thinking,lack of enthusiasm on active market competition,and lack of cooperation between departments or enterprises.The main ways of lifting core competence of our country's enterprises was put forward,including improving basic management,enhancing level of modern management,and building supply chain management by information technology and e-commerce.


Many wool producers in south western Australia adopt a set stocking strategy over the spring (September to November) period. In most years this is the period when pasture production reaches its peak. Trials by Hyder (1996) on 0.5 ha plots have demonstrated that grazing pasture to a target feed on offer (FOO) is a tactic which increases the utilisation of high quality green pasture and increases wool production (kg wool/ha). The aim of this paper is to present the results from an intensive spring grazing evaluation on a commercial property and provide some practical points to consider on the sustainability of this grazing management tactic. The evaluation was carried out in 1995 on a wool producing property at Wickepin, WA in a 395 mm rainfall area. The evaluation compared grazing set stocked Merino wethers at 10 sheep/ha with grazing a paddock to a target FOO of 1400 kg DM/ha/FOO and pasture growth rate were monitored on a three weekly basis. The target FOO was achieved by varying the number of Merino wethers on the paddock according to the monitored results. A peak of 38 wethers/ha was reached in mid August, to maintain the pasture at 1400 kgDM/ha. The tactic of intensive spring grazing resulted in a 20% increase in wool production/ha and a 30% increase in gross returns/ha. Wool cut per head and micron were lower on the FOO paddock (5.6 kg and 21.3m versus 6.6 kg and 22.9m) whilst wool cut per hectare was higher (78 kg/ha vs 65 kg/ha) on the FOO paddock. The wool was valued on current market indicators and the gross return calculated using the valuation figure and clean wool cut per hectare. Gross return from the control and FOO paddocks were $269 and $349/ha, respectively. The trial was repeated in 1996 with similar results. In 1997 the wool grower evaluated intensive spring grazing with Merino ewes and lambs. The practical difficulties of moving ewes and lambs in or out of paddocks to maintain a target FOO level was overcome by the strategic use of electric fencing. Whilst this evaluation supports the findings of Hyder (1996), there are a number of other practical considerations. Intensive spring grazing releases the grazing pressure on other paddocks which then tend to produce a large quantity of excess feed. There are several alternative methods available for handling this feed. They include fodder conservation (hay and/or silage), hay freezing, mechanical topping (windrow and leave in paddock) or standing feed. Whilst the standing feed option would allow some of the less desirable pasture grass species to set seed, it does provides a paddock which would tend to be grass dominant and provide good early feed next season. Intensive spring grazing also provides other management benefits including: control of red legged earth mite (Grimm et al. 1994), establishment of clover dominant paddocks ready for cropping in future years, or reduced grazing pressure on paddocks sown to aerial seeding clover pastures (eg Balansa clover). Intensive spring grazing is an effective tactic which should be used within the context of a whole farming system.


Recent results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment have renewed interest in light (5{15 GeV) dark matter (DM) with a large spin-independent neutralino-nucleon scattering cross-section, SI & 10 42 cm 2 . Previous work had suggested that the lightest neutralino in the Next-to-MSSM can fall in this mass range and achieve both the correct thermal relic abundance and the desired level for the scattering cross section, provided light Higgs bosons to mediate the pair annihilation and neutralino-nucleon scattering. However, the requirement of a 126 GeV Standard Model-like Higgs boson signicantly impacts the allowed parameter space. Here, we examine the regions of the NMSSM capable of producing a light neutralino with SI 10 42 { 10 41 cm 2 , with the scattering mediated by a very light singlet-like scalar, and a 126 GeV Standard Model-like Higgs consistent with the LHC results, while satisfying other relevant cosmological, avor and collider constraints. We focus on two dierent scenarios for annihilation in the early universe,


The lack of a satisfactory notion of the dual of a compact semigroup S precludes a simple concrete characterization of the closed translation invariant subspaces of C(S). In this article we develop an abstract theory of such spaces (satisfying a weak version of the Banach approximation property) in terms of 'injective coalgebras'. We characterize their dual spaces as those Banach algebras whose closed unit balls are compact semigroups under the weak star topology. Injective Hopf algebras are shown to be the spaces C(G), G a compact group.


Renewable energy sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system using advanced topologies of inverters with high power quality and reliability. This paper presents new of a multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI) that has been designed to reduce circuit complexity by combining the concept of conventional three phase four switch topology (B4 inverter topology) with bidirectional switches. The proposed topology can be easily extended to any number of even voltage levels providing significant reduction in number of circuit components, especially active switches, and thereby improving reliability of the system. The topology is integrated to impedance source networks to obtain their unique advantages such as buck-boost operation from DC link, low inrush current during starting, shoot through stability and low common mode noise. The energy efficiency of this inverter at higher switching frequencies is further improved by applying a concept of "dead banding". The performance of proposed topology is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies with carrier based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) having low computational efforts.


ABSTRACT After decades of growth, the Bangladesh Solar Home Systems (SHS) programme, the world's largest domestic solar off-grid electrification scheme which has frequently been heralded as a model for other developing countries, is in danger of collapsing as end user support and installation levels have plummeted. This paper explores the reasons behind this development, tracing the programme run by the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) from its early expansion employing pioneering partnership and financing models, to its more recent decline. It finds that the government's simultaneous implementation of several competing on- and off-grid energy access projects and lack of regulatory oversight alongside significant subsidy decreases which made SHS uncompetitive, led customers to abandon the programme. This, in turn, is putting at risk Bangladesh's objective of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 – affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all – by 2030. KEY POLICY INSIGHTS: The intended maturation of the market for off-grid solar did not occur alongside the gradual reduction of the SHS programme's subsidy scheme. This resulted in a lack of service and technology providers and continued high system prices, unattainable to poor households in rural Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh's unexpected grid expansion into SHS areas and introduction of free solar energy systems in 2015 further undermined the programme because it led to: o customer's turning away from SHS and defaulting on their loan payments, leading to financial problems for IDCOL's partner organizations. o entry of unregulated sub-standard panels into the market, resulting in a lack of confidence and distrust in the SHS by end-users. • A key role of the government is to ensure the sound quality of the systems and services from the outset to instil customer confidence in the product. • The creation of successful long-term energy access requires a comprehensive, integrated approach to coordinate stakeholders and oversee market development over time, ensuring that markets for new technologies and services such as SHS have an opportunity to succeed.


The effect of aging upon the dielectric properties of MnO-doped lead magnesium niobate-lead titantate (0.9PMN·0.1PT) ceramics has been measured for samples aged at room temperature (25°C) both under zero and under high (22 kV/cm) dc fields. In the 0.9PMN·0.1PT composition, 25°C is above the limit for stable remanent polarization, P=0, in the absence of an external field; nonetheless, aging under a high dc bias at 25°C, then cooling to low temperature under zero bias produces a stable remanence at lower temperature and a loss of the dispersive character of the micropolar state. It is suggested that dipolar defects induced by MnO doping in the PMN-PT can slowly reorient to stabilize the existing domain structure acting like a local bias field. Evidence is presented to show the stabilization of both random (unpoled) and ordered (poled) micropolar states. By comparing the remanent polarization induced by cooling after aging under dc field with that produced by straight dc poling of deaged samples, it appears that the defect ordering is macroscopically equivalent to a field of order 2 kV/cm. This field is in rough accord with the field to be expected from the known defect concentration, when the defects are ordered.


Abstract We investigate the asymptotic normality of distributions of the sequence ∑k∈ℤun,kXk{\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}u_{n,k}X_{k}}, n∈ℕ{n\in\mathbb{N}}, where (Xk,k∈ℤ){(X_{k},k\in\mathbb{Z})} either is a sequence of i.i.d. random elements or constitutes a linear process with i.i.d. innovations in a separable Hilbert space. The weights (un,k){(u_{n,k})} are in general a family of linear bounded operators. This model includes operator weighted sums of Hilbert space valued linear processes, operator-wise discounted sums in a Hilbert space as well some extensions of classical summation methods.


The optical properties of C60 single crystals, intercalated with nitrogen molecules, were studied by the spectral-luminescence method at a temperature T = 30 K and excitation by the He–Ne laser (Eexc = 1.96 eV). Intercalation was carried out at a pressure of 30 atm in a temperature range of 200–550 °C. It was found that at sorption temperatures up to 400 °C, the bands of the low-temperature luminescence spectrum of the C60–N2 solutions are broadened without significant energy shift. As a rule, this situation is typical for the case of an increased contribution of the luminescence of "deep X-traps." The concentration of such exciton emission centers is determined by the degree of occupation of the octahedral cavities of the fullerite fcc lattice by intercalated molecules. This indicates the formation of an equilibrium C60–N2 interstitial solution as a result of physisorption. At sorption temperatures above 400 °C, a significant shift of the luminescence spectrum towards low energies with a considerable inhomogeneous broadening of spectral bands was found for the first time. The shift and significant nonuniform broadening of the luminescence bands are explained by the emergence of a chemical interaction (chemisorption) of nitrogen with fullerene molecules, with the formation of a new nitrogen-containing substance in this case.


Through analyzing of the characteristics of O2/CO2 combustion technology,the mathematical models of the carbon dioxide,the sulfur dioxide,the vapor,the nitrogen and the oxygen under O2/CO2 were established in this paper.Compared with combustion under air condition,this paper found that: after using O2/CO2 combustion technology,the amount of sulfur dioxide,the vapor and the carbon dioxide,corona inception voltage increased a little,and so as spark voltage.The changes above were favorable for operation of ESP.


Nowadays, molecular information has changed the way genetic improvement is per-formed, increasing the response to selection from the traditional approach, based only on genealogical information using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). In this study, breeding values accuracy obtained using molecular information (using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays chip at different densities and whole genome sequence) ware compared by cross validation with BLUP. Three characters of economic interest to the salmon industry were used: body weight at harvest (BW) and resistance to two diseases (caused by pathogens Piscirickettsia salmonis (SRS) and Caligus rogercresseyi (CAL)). The effect of genetic architecture (heritability 'h2'), different trait types (continuous/discrete) and family structure were also taken into account. A typical scheme of fish farming based on families of siblings was simulated: 10 and 50 families with 500 and 100 full-sibs, respectively. Results showed a law of diminishing returns in genomic accuracy when increasing in SNPs chip density. Generally, the use of high number of SNPs or whole genome sequence may not be advantageous compared to medium density SNPs chip (besides the costs involved). The family structure had a clear effect on genomic accuracy for variability in the population. The best genomic evaluation accuracies were observed when few families (10) with few founder individuals (many females for one male) were considered. The relative improvements when using molecular information compared with the accuracy reached by BLUPs method was higher for BW character, continuous of high h2 (0,4), reaching an improvement in accuracy of 24%. For the CAL resistance character, continuous of low h2 (0,1), a maximum 9% of improvement in accuracy is obtained. The SRS resistance character, a binary character with h2 of 0,18, had a loss of accuracy in comparison with continuous character which (on the same level h2), have a 10% of improvement in accuracy. In the case of many families (50), improvements in accuracy were minimal, as BLUP predicted better when there was more variability between individuals. In general, to optimize SNP chip densities, densities of 5k-25k have high enough accuracies. The range of accuracy are 0,70-0,74 for the BW character (continuous at high h2), 0,61-0,67 for the CAL character (continuos of low h2) and 0,62-0,68 for the SRS character (binary whit h2= 0,18) depending on the family structure and SNPs density. Keywords: Molecular information, Genomic selection, BLUP, Disease resistance, Body weight, Salmon farming.


Studying of foundation behaviour under different loading cases is one the most important topics that has occupied a great deal of interest. Foundation closely correlated with factors and surrounding conditions such as type of active load and type of soil bearing foundation. Non-static load (dynamic) is one of the most dangerous types of loads that affect the foundations such as earthquakes, which in turn depends heavily on the weight of the building, which depend on the number of floors, as well as the type of soil bearing foundations. To study the effect of variable load on the foundations, a model of two different types of foundations was presented (Raft – Raft with inverted beam) and exposed to El_centro earthquake with constant soil type and changing the number of floors (5, 10 and 15). From analysis results, it showed that:-
1-   Raft and raft with inverted beam have almost equal stresses and deformations.
2-   Raft with inverted beam is better in resisting H.Z displacement resulting of dynamic loads than raft.
3-   Raft with inverted beam improved results although it is equal to 70 % of raft inertia, so that it is better to use it with dynamic loads.


I.G. xii (2). 1. 13–15. These lines come from the well-known unique inscription, in Aeolic dialect, recording the terms of a monetary union between Mytilene and Phokaia, whereby each agreed to issue, in alternate years, an electrum coinage for circulation in both cities. The inscription is, on the evidence of letter forms, accepted as belonging to the early years of the fourth or possibly to the end of the fifth century B.C. The story of the poet Persinos, attributed to Kallisthenes, implies that the treaty was still in operation within the period c. 373–55 B.C. The present note re-examines the meaning of τὸ χρυσίον κέρναν here, and in 11. 4–6 convincingly restored by G. N. Papageorgiu (Unedierte Inschriften von Mytilene, 16, no. 53) as:


Three aspects of valuing (competence, value system content, fulfillment) are identified and a concept, axiological maturity, is proposed linking these three aspects. The further proposal that such axiological maturity would be reflected in identity status lead to specific predictions that scores on the Identity Achievement Status Scale would be significantly related to a measure of valuing competence (The Defining Issues Test, designed to assess principles moral judgment), to a measure of valuing fulfillment (The Purpose-in-Life Test), and to the conjoint valuing of Freedom and Equality (as assessed by the content-oriented Rokeach Value Survey). These predictions were confirmed and the implications of such confirmations are discussed.


OBJECTIVE Overexpression of growth factors and their receptors such as PDGF, FGF, VEGF, IGF, EGF, TGFα etc. play a critical role in the development and progression of malignant gliomas. AKT, one of the most potent downstream signaling effectors of these growth factor receptors is usually overactivated in malignant gliomas. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of antisense and dominant negative AKT2 RNA on the survival of glioma cells with overexpression of AKT2. METHODS Antisense and dominant negative AKT2 constructs (AS-AKT2, DN-AKT2) were transfected into human glioblastoma cell line T J905 with overexpression of AKT2. Using Western blotting, MTT assay, Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI), flow cytometry and the TUNEL method, the expression of AKT2 and GFAP, the proliferation rate and apoptosis of glioma cells transfected with AS-AKT2 or DN-AKT2 were compared to those characteristics of parental and glioma cells transfected with an empty vector. RESULTS Cell proliferation was inhibited in glioma cells transfected with ASAKT2 and DN-AKT2 RNA, while GFAP expression and apoptosis were markedly increased in those cells. CONCLUSION AKT is an important mediator in the growth signaling pathway of malignant gliomas and is a potential promising therapeutic target for malignant gliomas.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of various extracts of fruit peel of Punica granatum.L (Fam: Lythraceae) for anti-inflammatory activity by simple, reliable, less toxic and less time consuming HRBC membrane stabilization method. Since HRBC membrane is similar to lysosomal membrane which influence in the process of inflammation. Water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of peel of P.granatum were subjected to check the stabilization of HRBC membrane to predict the anti-inflammatory activity. Among the extract screened the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited better activity (P<0.001) than the other two extracts which may be due to the presence of higher phenolic content estimated by Folin-ciocalteu reagent. These observations will stimulate further research in the field of phytochemistry and also in clinical application of the phytochemical constituents of P.granatum.L.


INTRODUCTION Lucerne (Medicago sativa) is a deep-rooted perennial fodder plant that is used to reduce groundwater recharge in dryland cropping systems. Financial subsidies are offered to encourage farmers to plant lucerne in the Murray Mallee Region of South Australia (SA). However, root diseases are believed to be affecting successful plant establishment (1). Root diseases have not previously been considered a significant problem in the drier regions, but have long been recognised as a problem for lucerne grown under irrigation. Pathogens implicated in root diseases of irrigated lucerne in Australia include Acrocalymma medicaganis, Colletotrichum trifolii, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora medicaganis, Rhizoctonia spp. and Sclerotium sp. (2, 3 and 4). The aim of the research outlined here was to identify the principal pathogens of seedling lucerne grown under dryland conditions in the Murray Mallee.


Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common paediatric high-grade brain tumour, which comprises four different molecular subtypes (SHH, Wnt, Group 3, and Group 4), each defined by different molecular characteristics, genomic aberrations, and prognosis. High levels of inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity, together with the detrimental side effects caused by the current medulloblastoma treatments, need to be addressed in order to develop more personalised treatments and improve the quality of life of these patients. In this study, we analysed single-cell RNA sequencing data from 14 medulloblastoma patients, comprising all four molecular subtypes. We found that these tumours exhibit great levels of heterogeneity with regard to their copy number variation (CNV) profiles analysed using Numbat, as well as immune cell infiltration and composition within these tumours. Tumour-infiltrating immune cells represented a heterogeneous population comprised of monocytes, M1- and M2-like macrophages, dendritic cells, and microglia. Our ligand-receptor analysis also identified a subset of immune cells that send EGF signals to the tumour clusters, potentially contributing to the tumour growth. In addition, we showed that the tissue of origin of the immune cells found within the tumour microenvironment and their medulloblastoma subgroup specificity greatly influence their clustering when projected onto a UMAP. We also found that the clustering of tumour cells is influenced by their CNV levels. Finally, we performed RNA velocity analysis and identified subgroup-specific cell trajectories for each medulloblastoma subtype. As predicted, identified cell trajectories demonstrated that cells move in a direction of increasing CNV levels, making it possible to visualise and track the tumour progression and identify genetic markers specific to either earlier or later tumour stages. Overall, our study underlines high levels of inter-tumoural heterogeneity in medulloblastoma. It also provides opportunities for the identification of subgroup-specific biomarkers for the early stages of medulloblastoma, potentially contributing to the discovery of novel drug targets.


An apparatus for the measurement of compressibility isotherms of gases up to pressures of 10 kbar and at temperatures between 273 and 350 K is described. It is based on a gas expansion method in which the pressure distortion of the experimental volume is evaluated by calibration with the measuring gas at lower pressures. The apparatus can easily be adapted for isochoric measurements over a wide temperature range. Measurements on argon at 298.15 K show that the method is capable of giving a precision of 0.02%–0.06% for the density, 0.1% for the pressure, and 2 mK for the temperature.


Hand-held wide-field contact color fundus photography is currently the standard method to acquire diagnostic images of children during examination under anesthesia and in the neonatal intensive care unit. The recent development of portable non-contact hand-held OCT retinal imaging systems has proved that OCT is of tremendous help to complement fundus photography in the management of pediatric patients. Currently, there is no commercial or research system that combines color wide-field digital fundus and OCT imaging in a contact-fashion. The contact of the probe with the cornea has the advantages of reducing motion experienced by the photographer during the imaging and providing fundus and OCT images with wider field of view that includes the periphery of the retina. In this study we produce proof of concept for a contact-type hand-held unit for simultaneous color fundus and OCT live view of the retina of pediatric patients. The front piece of the hand-held unit consists of a contact ophthalmoscopy lens integrating a circular light guide that was recovered from a digital fundus camera for pediatric imaging. The custom-made rear piece consists of the optics to: 1) fold the visible aerial image of the fundus generated by the ophthalmoscopy lens on a miniaturized level board digital color camera; 2) conjugate the eye pupil to the galvanometric scanning mirrors of an OCT delivery system. Wide-field color fundus and OCT images were simultaneously obtained in an eye model and sequentially obtained on the eye of a conscious 25 year-old human subject with healthy retina.


SUMMARY Geography as practised at Sydney University over the years has been multi‐faceted. One branch of the discipline is the man/land (or people/environment) theme which was nurtured by the founding fathers of the department, Griffith Taylor and Macdonald Holmes. Numerous staff members have taught and researched aspects of this theme. This paper reviews some of the contributions from the time of Griffith Taylor to the present.


Using previously unanalysed data from a lost study—the Adjustment of Young Workers to Work Situations and Adult Roles (1962–1964)—and data from a subsequent restudy, this paper contributes to debates on vocational education by examining three themes. First, the methodological issues raised by undertaking a restudy are discussed. Second, the young workers' initial workplace learning experiences in the 1960s are examined with an emphasis on commitment to learning and training. Third, links between initial training experiences and the subsequent learning experiences in later careers are explored. We conclude that high levels of commitment to workplace learning were evident throughout the life‐course of this group. However, significantly, this commitment existed only when the training available was on‐the‐job and the links between learning and working practice were clear. Formal learning opportunities were deemed unimportant and seen as existing for the benefit of the employer, not the employee.


The research was carried: 1) to study the effect of organic matter from Jatropha
curcas on the growth and yield of maize and 2) to identify nitrogen content organic
matter from Jatropha curcas with N fertilizer. This research was carried out in the field
of Kepil cluster, Mulo village, Wonosari sub district, Gunung Kidul Regency,
Yogyakarta Province from November 2012 to February 2013. The experimental design
was applied a randomized complete block design method (RCBD) single factor of
treatments with 3 blocks as replication. The treatments were : (1) 135 kg Nitrogen/ha


A hay-making machine having rotary rakes supported on a frame for rotation about a generally vertical axis. The frame has a main support frame in the form of an equilateral triangle with the base of the triangle lying transverse to the directon of travel of the machine and the apex points in the direction of travel. A main gearbox is provided which is driven by the power take off from a tractor. A three point attachment member is utilized for attaching the machine to the tractor at a point adjacent the apex of the aforementioned triangle. A support bearing is provided having generally a vertical bearing axis and is arranged at the base angles of the triangle and in each support bearing one auxiliary frame is provided for supporting a group of rotary rakes which are articulated so as to be pivotable and lockable in position with respect to the main frame.


This paper examines a Doctoral journey of interdisciplinary exploration, explication, examination...and exasperation. In choosing to pursue a practice-led doctorate I had determined from the outset that 'writing 100,000 words that only two people ever read', was not something which interested me. Hence, the oft-asked question of 'what kind of doctorate' I was engaged in, consistently elicited the response, 'a useful one'. In order to satisfy my own imperatives of authenticity and usefulness, my doctoral research had to clearly demonstrate relevance to; productively inform; engage with; and add value to: wider professional field(s) of practice; students in the university courses I teach; and the broader community - not just the academic community. Consequently, over the course of my research, the question, 'But what makes it Doctoral?' consistently resounded and resonated. Answering that question, to satisfy not only the traditionalists asking it but, perhaps surprisingly, some academic innovators - and more particularly, myself as researcher - revealed academic/political inconsistencies and issues which challenged both the fundamental assumptions and actuality of practice-led research.
This paper examines some of those inconsistencies, issues and challenges and provides at least one possible answer to the question: 'But what makes it Doctoral?'


A method for synchronizing on a pilot sequence (Pilot) of a CDMA signal, with the data sequences superimposed, comprising the following steps (Dat.): - correlating (17) the total signal (S) transmitted pilot sequence (Pilot) and transmitted data sequences (. Dat) with a reference pilot sequence (RP), - subtracting (24) of the one or more symbol lengths of the pilot sequence (Pilot) delayed correlation result from the current correlation result to suppress the pilot sequence (Pilot) and subsequent incoherent means (22) and - determining (35) the minimum of the averaged incoherently subtraction for determining the symbol timing (t


Electrical Tomography can produce accurate results only if the underlying 2D or 3D volume discretization is chosen suitably for the applied numerical algorithm. We give general indications where and how to optimize a finite element discretization of a volume under investigation to enable efficient computation of potential distributions and the reconstruction of materials. For this, we present an error estimator and material-gradient indicator as a driver for adaptive mesh refinement and show how finite element mesh properties affect the efficiency and accuracy of the solutions.


Dear Editor, Krieves et al reported, in their recent article, an interesting case of a patient with a complex clinical history, including aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) secondary to postcoarctation aortic aneurysm rupture. The authors conclude that early diagnosis of aortic coarctation is important and state that most patients require surgical repair. However, we would like to highlight that there are several reports of endovascular stents used as successful treatment of AEFs. The AEF and aortobronchial fistula are an uncommon diseases. If untreated, mortality approaches 100% secondary to exsanguinating hematemesis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for survival. Open surgical repair is associated with high mortality rates, ranging from 25% to 41%, and morbidity, primarily due to graft infection, prolonged ventilation, neurological sequelae, and reintervention. In our experience, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) provides a lifesaving and reliable method of treatment for AEF presenting with hematemesis, although additional follow-up is mandatory before this technique is demonstrated to be effective in the medium to long term. In our opinion, TEVAR was a good choice of therapy, which allowed you to save the life of this young patient. One potential life-threatening complication of TEVAR is stent-graft infection, which is also the case with open surgery and prosthetic graft interposition. Postoperative antibiotic treatment varies between institutions, both with regard to the choice of antibiotic (cephalosporin, vancomycin, antifungal) and the duration of therapy. In addition, the choice of imaging modality to diagnose infection is important. Computed axial tomography scan remains the gold standard, but nuclear medicine scans may have greater sensitivity using labeled leukocytes. Could Krieves et al please comment on follow-up imaging used to screen for infection in this patient, the choice of antibiotics used, and duration of therapy?


Background: The causality role of different immune phenotype in IR developing among chronic heart failure (CHF) subjects has not determined obviously. The aim of the study was to assess relationship between IR and immune phenotype of circulating endothelial-derived microparticles (EMPs) in patients with CHF. Methods: The study retrospectively involved 300 CHF patients aged 48 to 62 years. All the patients have given written informed consent for participation in the study. Biomarkers were measured at baseline of the study. Results: These were not significant differences between both cohort patients in EMPs labeled as CD144+/CD31+, CD144+/annexin V+, and CD62E+ microparticles. Higher concentrations of CD144+/CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs and CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs were found in IR subjects when compared with none IR patients. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found that HOMA-IR (OR = 1.14, 95% CI=1.08-1.21, P = 0.001), NT-proBNP (OR = 1.07, 95% CI=1.04-1.10, P = 0.001), hs-CRP (OR = 1.04, 95% CI=1.02-1.07, P = 0.001), and NYHA class (OR = 1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.05, P = 0.001) were predictors for increased CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs. Therefore, HOMA-IR (OR = 1.10, 95% CI=1.05-1.17, P = 0.001), NT-proBNP (OR = 1.08, 95% CI=1.04-1.12, P = 0.001), and NYHA class (OR = 1.05, 95% CI=1.02-1.09, P = 0.001) significantly predicted elevation of CD144+/CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs. Conclusion: we found that IR remains statistically significant predictor for increased apoptotic-derived EMPs labelled as CD144+/CD31+/annexin V+ and CD31+/annexin V+ EMPsin none-diabetic patients with CHF patients and that these findings reflect exiting impaired phenotype of circulating EMPs in this patient population.


2-{2-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-fluorophenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (1a) and 2-{2-[4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (2a) exhibit activity against T. brucei in the range of IC50 = 0.42 μM and IC50 = 0.80 μM, respectively.


Frequently, the patient harboring a bladder tumor experiences an early transient episode of gross hematuria which if unheeded may result in a dangerous delay in diagnosis. Such bleeding may occur from the indirect stimulation of a vesical neoplasm during certain procedures such as abdominal palpation, digital rectal examination, and proctoscopic examination. Only careful history-taking for the presence of postexamination hematuria will lead to the early detection of the hitherto silent neoplasm of the bladder.


The stratigraphic kinds of facies concepts are analyzed. Some new concepts are added to they discussed by severa1 authors (chiefly TEICHERT 119158) in the latst years.


The CFX software was used for the simulation and analysis of thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the water-cooled first wall of dual-cooled waste transmutation blanket(DWTB) in fusion driven subcritical system(FDS).Water in the typical operational condition of PWR was used as the coolant in this calculation.The calculation was carried out on a partial model of the first wall,in which coupling of heat transfers between solid and fluid was considered.Focus is placed on the temperature distribution of first wall structure,temperature distribution and pressure drop of the coolant at different wall heat fluxes and coolant flow rate.The calculation results show that when the inlet speed of water ranges from 1 m/s to 5 m/s,maximum temperature of the structure is 16 K to 91 K lower than when the structure is cooled by helium under typical operational conditions.Difference between maximum and minimum temperature of the structure is also 12.2% to 49.5% lower.The results show that the water-cooled system can meet the thermal-hydraulic requirements of the first wall under steady-state conditions.


Hypertention is a degenerative disease that became one cause of death in the
world. This is evident from the data of WHO (2014), which explained that the
increase in blood pressure is a major risk factor for global mortality and is
estimated to have caused 9,4 milion deaths. In Indonesia, the number of
hipertensive patients estimated 15 million people but only 4% which is controlled
hipertensive patients.the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of
smoking habits, physical activity, family history of hypertension in the region of
Nguter Health.This research method using analytical design with case control
approach , the technique of random sampling cluster sampling in which a total
population 85 of respondent and 51 samples of respondents with a ratio of case
and control 1:1. Distribution of smoking habit as many as 18 people (17.6 %) ,
lack of physical activity as much as 7 (13.7%) and had a history of hypertension,
a family of 25 people (49%) .Statistical test using Chi Square. The results showed
no association between smoking (p=0,603; OR=0,763; 95%CI=0,274-2,123) ,
physical activity (p=0,160; OR=3,898; 95%CI=0,769-19,761) and there is a
relationship between family history (p=0,008; OR=0,296; 95%CI=0,127-0,691)
with hypertension in Nguter Health.


2020] Objective (s ) : Specific economic and social conditions make the competitive advantage of organizations no longer based on their tangible assets. Intellectual capital, as the most important asset, has replaced financial capital. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of human capital on intellectual capital in health research centers of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research in Tehran. Methods: This was a case study. The research population consisted of all faculty members and research fellows in health research centers of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research in Tehran. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The SPSS20 and PLS3 software were used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed that human capital has a significant effect on intellectual capital. Among the components of human capital, the attitude and motivation had the highest weight with the value of 0.897. The value of the GOF index for the overall fit of model was 0.535, which confirmed that the model fit for the data. Conclusion: Considering the importance of human capital (as a component of intellectual capital) in knowledge-based organizations, managers need to provide the opportunity to use this capital well and generate added value and


The transition from internal combustion to electrically powered vehicles (EVs) is accelerating, with some estimates predicting that 45% of new cars sold in the US will be fully electric by 2035. EVs will be powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This high-power application can subject LIBs to significant electrical, mechanical, and thermal abuse. Predicting and preventing thermal runaway (TR) is therefore of utmost importance to save lives and ameliorate the transition to renewable energy. Currently, battery management systems monitor cell voltage, current, temperature, and presence of gases, which does not provide sufficient advanced warning of a catastrophic event [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 150, A66 (2021)]. This work explores the viability of evaluating cell safety by monitoring and interpreting ultrasonic signals propagating through a battery as it undergoes localized heating. We monitor different portions of received waveforms, linking them to specific propagating modes or multi-path arrivals. A finite element model is then used to understand the mode of propagation of the chosen frequencies, and the methodology is applied to both 10Ah and 60Ah cells. The time-domain features of signal amplitude and time-of-flight are used to create safety metrics which warn of TR as much as 25 min in advance of failure.


This study examined the extent of information needs regarding convenience store private brand (PB) foods and variables affecting information needs for convenience store PB foods. This study will be able to provide useful information based on determining the information content and information sources needed by undergraduate consumers for convenience store PB foods. Data analyses were conducted by frequency, mean (SD), reliability tests, and multiple regression with SPSS version 19.0. The major results of this study are as follows: First, undergraduate consumers` purchase intention toward convenience store PB foods is comparatively high, and they say they will buy the products if the PB foods` quality-related areas like taste, nutrition, or safety are favorable. Second, the general level of information needs for convenience store PB foods is comparatively high, and among general information needs, 'information needs for convenience store PB food quality' are the greatest, while in the area of comparative information needs, 'comparative information on PB food and NB food quality' is needed the most. In addition, undergraduate consumers most often want to obtain convenience store PB food information from convenience stores themselves. Third, as purchase intention and information acceptance of convenience store PB foods increase, information needs also increase. However, as quality perception of convenience store PB foods is more positive, information needs reduce.


— An empirical study of web applications that use software frameworks is presented here. The analysis is based on two approaches. In the first, developers using such frameworks are required, based on their experience, to assign weights to parameters such as database connection. In the second approach, a performance testing tool, OpenSTA , is used to compute start time and other such measures. From such an analysis, it is concluded that open source software is superior to proprietary software. The motivation behind this research is to examine ways in which a quantitative assessment can be made of software in general and frameworks in particular. Concepts such as metrics and architectural styles are discussed along with previously published research.


Dirichlet Process Mixture (DPM) models have been increasingly employed to specify random partition models that take into account possible patterns within covariates. Furthermore with large numbers of covariates methods for selecting the most important covariates have been proposed. Commonly the covariates are chosen either for their importance in determining the clustering of the observations or for their effect on the level of a response variable (when a regression model is specified). Typically both strategies involve the specification of latent indicators that regulate the inclusion of the covariates in the model. Common examples involve the use of spike and slab prior distributions. In this work we review the most relevant DPM models that include covariate information in the induced partition of the observations and we focus on available variable selection techniques for these models. We highlight the main features of each model and demonstrate them using simulations and a real data application. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 254–273; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada


Abstract 4821

Background: Red cell exchange transfusion is frequently used in the management of patients with sickle cell disease either electively or therapeutically to maintain an hemoglobin S (Hb S) level < 30–50%. This target is often difficult to maintain. In order to assess the effects of chronic partial exchange transfusion (CPET) a) on level of Hb and Hb S, b) on iron overload c) the need for chelation, d) on risk of long term adverse events and e) clinical outcome, we analyzed the data of sickle cell disease patients treated by long term CPET in our center.

Methods/subjects: In the cohort of 163 SCD patients followed at University Children's Hospital at Brussels (Belgium), 10 benefit from CPET. Main reasons for CPET were neurologic disease (4), frequent ACS (3), previous severe hepatic cholestasis (2), leg ulcer (1) and pulmonary hypertension (1). The median age at start of treatment was 13 years (range 4 –19). These patients (6 males and 4 females) account for 248 exchanges during a median follow-up of 20 months (range 6– 36). These exchanges are until now performed manually and the volume exchanged is calculated taking into account the Hb level and the last HbS percentage. It is usually between 30 and 40 ml/kg BW. Except if severe anemia occurs, the goal of these exchanges is to keep a constant hematocrit level. All patients had a full red cell phenotype performed and received blood matched for ABO, Rhesus, Kell and Duffy antigens systems. The estimation of iron balance (iron intake- iron removed) was calculated yearly .

Results: The pre-exchange Hb value was 9.5 g/dl (median; range: 7.7–10.9 g/dl) and the mean post value was 9.4/dl (range: 8.4– 11.1 g/dl). These values are not statistically different (p> 0.05). The majority of patients (9/10) are reached an HbS 500 ng/mL due to numerous previous transfusions. At last evaluation, the median ferritin did not change significantly and was 531 ng/ml (range 84– 3840). The two patients with ferritin higher than 1000 ng/ml start chelation with good result for one. One The mean annual net RBC load were 1.72 ml RBC/kg/yr provided approximately 1.85 mg of iron/kg/yr. Individual data are given in [table 1][1]. CPET-treated patients exchanged showed clinical improvement with disappearance of SCD crisis and related complications. The procedure was well tolerated by most patients, and adverse effects were limited to mild hypotension (3/10). No autoimmune hemolysis or allo-immunisation was documented in this cohort. All children remained negative for HIV and hepatitis C virus infections. Conclusion: Manual CPET seems to be safe to prevent middle-term iron overload and the need of elation therapy in most of patients. CPET can therefore be recommended for SCD patients who required decreased in Hb S levels either prophylactically or therapeutically. Manual are safe, effective and easy to use when mechanized exchanges are not possible for technical reasons.

View this table:

Table 1:
Individual patients' characteristics before and after CPET

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1


Significant role of getting the required amount of air into the human body belongs to the breathing by the nose. The nasal cavity prepares the air for reciprocity with the lower respiratory tract owing to the complex structure of the mucous membrane. When nasal obstruction occurs, breathing is carried out mainly through the mouth, and there is a violation of the basic functions of the nose, as well as the ingress of unadapted aggressive air to the sensitive alveolar structures of the lungs. This leads first to functional, and then to morphological and structural changes. In addition, difficult nasal breathing leads to impaired aeration of the paranasal cavities, middle ear cavity and hypoxia of all organs of the body. Even short episodes of nasal obstruction affect the quality of life, and prolonged untreated or incorrectly treated acute viral rhinosinusitis can spill over into lingering bacterial diseases of the ENT organs. Decongestants are used to eliminate nasal congestion. Decongestants include a wide range of substances that are used topically or systemically, in the form of monotherapy or in combination with other substances. The most popular drugs in this group are topical decongestants, since they have the most pronounced effect. The main nasal decongestants can be divided into two groups: sympathomimetic amines: primary aliphatic; phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, as well as imidazoline derivatives. Among the modern vasoconstrictor drugs oxymetazoline. Using it strictly according to the instructions within 3–5 days guarantees the absence of the development of local and systemic complications.


A new design idea for photovoltaic technology applied in air- condition is presented.Output characteristic of so- lar panel has been studied.When solar energy transfer,the method of Maximal Power Point Tracking(MPPT)is used,this method enhances PV efficiency.The output current from solar array enter into Buck-Boost converter,then become alternating current which has the same frequency and phase with grid via inverter,which can supply electricity for air - condition.The main circuit principle and tracking principle of MPPT are analyzed particular.The theoretical predictions are verified with the simulation results.


This research aims to analyze the performance of mangosteen farming and certification benefits of sustainable mangosteen farming development in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects.  The location of the research is decided purposely in Terdana, Kota Agung, Tanggamus District.  The samples of this research are 54 farmers whose products have been certified by prima. The performance of mangosteen farming is assessed by R / C ratio.  The results showed that the performance of mangosteen farming in terms of R / C ratio per-ha was 6.91; it meant that each cash cost incurred by farmers of Rp1.00 then the farmers would receive revenue of Rp6.91 (could provide benefits on economical aspects).  Prima Certification Program of mangosteen farming in Terdana, Kota Agung, Tanggamus district was quite sustainable in economic, social, and environmental aspects, in which sustainability index were 67.90;  71.02 and  72.82Key words: farm income , mangosteen, prima certification, sustainability


Objective To evaluate the therapeutics effects of limbal epithelial autograft from below with connectivetissue transplantation in treatment of pterygium.Methods Review of 18 cases(22 eyes)of pterygium treatmented by limbal epithelial autograft from below with connectivetissue transplantation,observe the vision before operation,after operation and recurdescence. Results The time of following up was 1~12 months.No recrudescence and the vision have been improved in some degree. Conclusion The method of limbal epithelial autograft from below with connectivetissue transportation has advantages as follows:the slice which autograted drifting has enough supplyment of blood,surviving easily and its cover and back can be fixed easily not to be roll back.


LABUST (http://labust.fer.hr) research group holds expertise in marine robotics: development and adaptation of marine vehicles (3 AUVs, 1 ASV) ; acoustic networks and sonars ; identification, navigation, guidance and control of marine vessels ; cooperative and coordinated formations of marine vehicles. LABUST is currently coordinating one FP7 project (CADDY - Cognitive Autonomous Diving Buddy), one H2020 project (EXCELLABUST - Excelling LABUST in Marine Robotics) and is partner in a number of research projects. This talk will focus on the accomplishemtns of the most recent projects conducted within the laboratory. Special focus will be placed on CADDY project where significant advances in the human-robot interaction in the underwater environment have been accomplished.


In this contribution, a method based on a solid solution theory of clathrate hydrate for multiple cage occupancy, host lattice relaxation, and guest-guest interactions is presented to estimate hydrate formation conditions of binary and ternary gas mixtures. We performed molecular modeling of the structure, guest distribution, and hydrate formation conditions for the CO2 + CH4 and CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrates. In all considered systems with and without N2, at high and medium content of CO2 in the gas phase, we found that CO2 was more favorable in occupying clathrate hydrate cavities than CH4 or N2. The addition of N2 to the gas phase increased the ratio concentration of CO2 in comparison with the concentration of CH4 in clathrate hydrates and made gas replacement more effective. The mole fraction of CO2 in the CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrate rapidly increased with the growth of its content in the gas phase, and the formation pressure of the CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrate rose in comparison to the formation pressure of the CO2 + CH4 gas hydrate. The obtained results agreed with the known experimental data for simple CH4 and CO2 gas hydrates and the mixed CO2 + CH4 gas hydrate.


A Chiralpak IC column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) was used to establish normal phase high performance liquid chromatographic (NP-HPLC) method for the chiral separation of epigoitrin (R-goitrin) and goitrin (S-goitrin) in Isatidis Radix. The composition of mobile phase,flow rate and column temperature were optimized to get better resolution. The final chromatographic conditions were established as follows:n-hexane-isopropanol (90:10,v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,the detection wavelength at 245 nm and the column temperature at 20 ℃. Under the above optimized chromatographic conditions,the resolution of 3.4 was achieved for epigoitrin and goitrin. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.0 mg/L. The linear range was 0.02-2.0 g/L. The average recovery was 101% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 3.0% (n=6). The proposed method was exclusive by determining the antivirus epigoitrin and its enantiomer separately,which provided the effective quality control of Isatidis Radix.


The sharing of main memory among concurrently executing tasks on a multicore platform results in increasing the execution times of those tasks in a non-deterministic manner. The use of phased execution models that divide the execution of tasks into distinct execution and memory phase(s), e.g., the PRedictable Execution Model (PREM) and the 3-Phase task model, along with Memory Centric Scheduling (MCS) present a promising solution to reduce main memory interference among tasks.Existing works in the state-of-the-art that focus on MCS have considered (i) a TDMA-based memory scheduler, i.e., tasks' memory requests are served under a static TDMA schedule, and (ii) Processor-Priority (PP) based memory scheduler, i.e., tasks' memory requests are served depending on the priority of the processor/core on which the task is executing. This paper extends MCS by considering a Task-Priority (TP) based memory scheduler, i.e., tasks' memory requests are served under a global priority order depending on the priority of the task that issues the requests. We present an analysis to bound the total memory interference that can be suffered by the tasks under the TPbased MCS. In contrast to the recent works on MCS that considers non-preemptive tasks, our analysis considers limited preemptive scheduling. Additionally, we investigate the impact of different preemption points on the memory interference of tasks. Experimental results show that our proposed TP-based MCS can significantly reduce the memory interference that can be suffered by the tasks in comparison to the PP-based MCS.


The field of clinical psychology was founded in 1896 by Lightner Witmer, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and at first was focused on the evaluation and remediation of the academic and behavior problems of school-age children. Over time, clinical psychology gradually become a close cousin of the more ancient field of medicine. Before World War II, clinical psychologists were primarily involved in the administration of tests, particularly the intelligence test developed by Binet. After World War II, clinical psychologists, aided by massive government support, responded to the need to help with the care of millions of returning veterans. They expanded their scope of practice to include psychotherapy and later behavior therapy with adults. More recently clinical psychology has come to be a mainstay of research on psychopathology, assessment, and therapy.

Keywords:

Witmer;
Binet;
psychopathology;
assessment;
psychotherapy


Two-dimensional composite materials made from aligned nano- and micro-fibers and wires hold great promise for various applications. We develop an analytical model for the thermal conductivity in the longitudinal direction of these composites by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. The analytical model agrees well with a recently reported numerical model. The solution of Boltzmann transport equation shows that the scattering of phonons in the host medium at the fiber interface reduces the thermal conductivity of the host medium. Finally we show that the model predicts the data on the thermal diffusivity of bismuth-telluride nanowire/alumina composites reasonably


OBJECTIVES
YouTube™ has become a widely used source of health information. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the quality of English language videos on oral leukoplakia available on YouTube™.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A YouTube™ search for oral leukoplakia was performed, leading to 1,690 videos. The first 100 results were examined for exclusion criteria, yielding 28 videos. The source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes of each video were recorded. Two oral medicine residents scored the videos for visibility, popularity, quality, utility, and reliability.

RESULTS
Videos were categorized into two groups: independent users or company advertisements (n = 21) and professional organizations or government agencies (n = 5). Analysis showed that, in general, videos were of low quality, usefulness, and reliability. Higher quality videos had more likes (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). More reliable videos received more likes and presented a higher viewing rate and interaction index (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test).

CONCLUSIONS
There are few high-quality videos about oral leukoplakia on YouTube™. Oral medicine professionals and students should attempt to correct this deficit, as they are the holders of evidence-based knowledge and clinical experience. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction and immune hyperactivity. The adaptor Myd88 is critical for immune function, as most TLRs utilize Myd88 for signal transduction. Previous work by our group found Myd88 is required for pSS disease. Our objective was to identify the specific Myd88-dependent TLR pathways that mediate salivary and systemic inflammation. We used the pSS mouse model NOD.B10Sn-H2b/J (NOD.B10), Myd88-deficient NOD.B10 mice (NOD.B10Myd88−/−), and C57BL/10 controls. For all experiments we used female mice that were at least 26 weeks old, the age that NOD.B10 females display clinical disease. We isolated spleens from NOD.B10 mice and C57BL/10 controls and performed RNA-sequencing. We then harvested salivary tissue or spleens from NOD.B10, NOD.B10Myd88−/−, and C57BL/10 mice. We performed qPCR and flow cytometry to assess expression of Myd88-dependent TLRs. We cultured salivary tissue from NOD.B10 and NOD.B10Myd88−/− mice and performed cytokine arrays on the supernatants. Finally, we treated salivary tissue with a TLR4 inhibitor and quantified spontaneous IL-6 secretion. We identified dysregulation of numerous TLR-related networks in pSS splenocytes. We found upregulation of Myd88 dependent-TLRs in both the spleen and salivary tissue from NOD.B10 mice. Salivary tissue from Myd88-sufficient NOD.B10 females exhibited spontaneous secretion of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNFa, and this was diminished in NOD.B10Myd88−/− mice. Finally, TLR4 blockade reduced IL-6 secretion in NOD.B10 salivary tissue. Our preliminary data suggest Myd88-dependent pathways contribute to the inflammatory landscape in pSS, and inhibition of such will likely have therapeutic utility.


Introduction Radix Isatidis is a traditional Chinese medicine, derived from the dry roots of the cruciferous plant Isatis indigotica. It has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying cold blood and pharynx [1,2]. Nowadays, Radix Isatidis is often used clinically for the treatment of bacterial infections and viral diseases, including influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mumps virus, hepatitis B virus, coxsackie virus and so on [3-6]. It is commonly considered a broad-spectrum natural antiviral drug [7]. However, due to the complex chemical composition of Radix Isatidis, the discovery of the potential medicinal components of Radix Isatidis and the mechanism of action is seriously restricted [8]. The view that there may be a synergistic effect of Banlangen on the human body has been reported. The theory of "pharmacy superposition" proposed by Professor Cai [9] of Peking University shows that most of the active ingredients with similar active structures act on one or more similar targets. Different types of compounds have been isolated from Radix isatidis including indirubin, clemastanin B, alkaloids, lignans, and flavonoids [10,11]. The chemical composition of Banlangen mainly includes three major categories: alkaloids, lignans and organic acids. At present, studies on Banlangen focus on the study of total alkaloids and total organic acid sites [12-14], and there are few reports on the study of lignans. However, the antiviral effect of lignans is significant [15,16], and the total lignans in Radix Isatidis occupies a larger proportion, so the antiviral effect of total lignans in Banlangen cannot be ignored. The extraction process of total lignans from Radix Isatidis was optimized, and its antiviral effect was studied. It provides a theoretical and practical basis for the effective utilization of Radix Isatidis medicinal resources and the synergistic antiviral effects of Radix Isatidis.


The article deals with the strength of adhesion of coatings with the parts of type «shaft». In accordance with the above separation, gas-thermal methods of spraying and thermal power sintering have an adhesive interaction of particles and coatings. The use of thermomechanical treatment of preformed coatings (applied by thermal spraying) makes it possible to increase the adhesion strength of coatings with parts of «shaft» type. For a quantitative assessment of the adhesion strength of coatings with the base metal, a shear coating method was used. An experiment to determine the adhesion strength of samples of steel with various applied coatings is considered. It was concluded that the adhesion strength of the coatings obtained using the hydrogen-propane mixture was slightly superior.


Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) can handle different traffic classes of multimedia content (video, audio streams and still images) as well as scalar data over the network. Use of general and efficient routing protocols for WMSNs is of crucial significance. Similar to other traditional networks, in WMSNs a noticeable proportion of energy is consumed due to communications. Many routing protocols have been proposed for WMSNs. The design of more efficient protocols in terms of energy awareness, video packet scheduling and QoS in terms of checkpoint arrangement still remains a challenge. This paper proposes the actuation of sensor on demand basis and routing protocol based on cost function which efficiently utilizes the network resources such as the intermediate nodes energy and load. Cost function is introduced to improve the route selection and control congestion. Simulation results, using the NS-2 simulator show that the proposed protocol prolongs the network lifetime, increase the throughput and reliability, decrease the network load.


This article describes the design and construction of a two crystal x‐ray spectrometer for the study of radiation of wave‐length from (but not including) the vacuum region to about 100 X.U. Versatility coupled with precision of angular measurement is obtained by the use of worm gears, the spacing of whose teeth has been corrected by a relatively cheap but effective lapping method herein described.


Although static stretching is commonly performed to improve flexibility, it has been reported to have detrimental effects on muscle force and performance. Previous studies have reported that low-intensity and short-duration isometric contraction after static stretching inhibits stretch-induced force loss. However, the detailed effects of low-intensity short-duration isometric contraction after static stretching on flexibility, such as passive torque and stiffness, are currently unclear. Therefore, the current study sought to reveal the effects of low-intensity and short-duration isometric contraction after static stretching on flexibility and muscle force. Sixteen healthy participants (eight men, eight women) performed 300-s static stretching (SS), 300-s static stretching followed by 6-s 30% maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) (SS-30% MIVC), and 6-s 30% MIVC (30% MIVC) of the right hamstring on three separate days, in random order. Range of motion (ROM) and passive stiffness during knee extension, peak passive torque, and MIVC torque were obtained before and after exercise. ROM and peak passive torque were significantly increased after all exercises, whereas passive stiffness and MIVC torque were significantly decreased after SS only. Moreover, ROM after SS and SS-30% MIVC were significantly greater than that of 30% MIVC, and peak passive torque after SS-30% MIVC was significantly greater than that of SS, while passive stiffness after SS was significantly lower than that of 30% MIVC. These results indicate that low-intensity and short-duration isometric contraction after static stretching is effective for inhibiting stretch-induced force loss while also inhibiting the effects of static stretching on passive


Based on the recommendations of experts, and supported by a low level of proof, compression after sclerotherapy is applied all over the world. Objective: Investigating the practice of French vascular physicians for sclerotherapy and the use of post-sclerotherapy compression. Methods: A questionnaire concerning their practices was sent to French vascular physicians through their regional vascular medicine professional development associations. Results: A total of 366 vascular physicians replied to the questionnaire, of whom 63% (229/366) were in private practice, 6% (21/366) in hospitals and 31% (115/366) had a mixed private–hospital practice. Sclerotherapy was practised by 88% (323/366) of them. Two-thirds of the vascular physicians used sclerosing foam and practised sclerotherapy using ultrasound guidance. Less than one-third of the vascular physicians regularly applied compression after sclerotherapy. When compression was applied, it was usually after treatment of saphenous or accessory saphenous veins and, in most cases, medical compression stockings of 15–20 mm Hg were used. With respect to the period recommended for wearing compression, this ranged from 48 h to 1 week for 65% (193/299) of the vascular physicians questioned. Conclusion: The great majority of vascular physicians who answered the questionnaire employ ultrasound guidance to perform sclerotherapy and use sclerosing foam. Compression after sclerotherapy is diversely applied in France and does not comply with the recommendations of the French Health Authorities who recommend wearing a stocking of 15–20 or 20–36 mm Hg for a period of 4–6 weeks. Thus, less than one-third of the vascular physicians regularly used elastic compression and when they did, it was usually a medical compression stocking of 15–20 mm Hg, for 1 week or less.


Objective To investigate the functional mechanism of Chinese drug disodium cantharidinate(SCA) reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells.Methods MTT assay was used to determine IC50of ADM acting on K562/AO2;RT-PCR assay was applied to detect mdr1 gene level;and FCM was applied to determine expressional level of P-gp.Results MTT assay showed that IC50of K562/AO2in SCA used group was reduced 1.51 times compared with that in SCA non-used group;RT-PCR indicated that mdr1 gene was reduced after SCA was used.And FCM indicated Pgp expression was reduced after SCA was used on K562/AO2.Conclusion Mechanism of Chinese drug SCA reversing multidrug resistance could be concerned with down regulation of mdr1 gene and P-gp expression level.


, Device for cleaning gaps in paving, paving stones, masonry and the like, with a brush made of steel bristles, which is arranged in a holder (3) and the holder (3) is connected to a style (6), characterized in that the brush consists of a virtually parallel arranged in a cylindrical sleeve bundle of bristles, as the bristle steel wires (1) are used, which in a squeezing sleeve (2) are attached, and the ferrule (2) in the holder (3) is arranged for longitudinal displacement and the adjustment by means of a clamping screw (5) is secured.


The experimentally observed enhancement of number of close boson pairs in e+e- collisions is reproduced by local weighting according to the quantum mechanical prescriptions for production of identical bosons. The space-time picture of the process, inherently present in the Lund fragmentation model, is explicitly used. The model is used to check systematic errors in the W mass measurements due to the Bose-Einstein effect. The possibility of direct implementation of the Bose-Einstein effect into string fragmentation is discussed.


Elsewhere in this issue (see page 95), Ruvalcaba et al report the use of androgen therapy as a pharmacological approach to the problem of the unusually tall boy. This case study exemplifies a clinical dilemma for us all to contemplate—the tall girl or boy whose height prediction is unacceptable either to the child or the parents, and who request(s) pharmacological intervention by the physician to cause earlier epiphyseal fusion. Thus the physician is caught between the upper and nether millstones: the easiest path is to accede to the intense pressures put on him by the family to "do something," but then he must live with the uncertainty that the therapy he has used may eventually do harm to the patient. The physician's fears about the long-term uncertainties of estrogen or androgen therapy in otherwise healthy girls or boys may be difficult to communicate to the parent or child whose attention


Photoluminescence (PL) properties of undoped and Zn-doped CuAlS2 crystals have been studied. The Zn-doped crystals have been found to exhibit several strong emissions in the green-to-violet spectral region, the dominant emission being determined by the concentration of Zn-dopant. On the basis of the detailed PL studies we have determined the activation energies of the donor-like ZnCu- and the acceptor-like VCu-defects, the last result being confirmed by the ESR experiments.


Kinematics is the study concerned with describing motion. To describe motion, we need to have coordinate systems. Examples are normal, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. In these coordinates systems, we denote the position of a particle by the vector r. Every vector has components. We can, for example, write r in the normal coordinate system as r = x̂i + ŷj + zk̂. (1.1.1) Here, î, ĵ and k̂ are unit vectors. (They per definition have length 1. This is also indicated by the hats.) x, y and z are the components. They are different in different coordinate systems. To transform vectors between coordinate systems, we use transformation matrices [T ]. To transform a vector r1 in coordinate system 1 to the same vector r2 in coordinate system 2, we can use r2 = [T ]1r1. (1.1.2) Transformation matrices are orthogonal. This implies that [T ]−1 = [T ] . The inverse equals the transpose.


Crimea's annexation by Russia violated a whole range of the fundamental principles of international law and international treaties guaranteeing Ukraine's territorial integrity, the inviolability of its borders, and security. By annexing Crimea, Russia also violated the estoppel principle of law and international morality. In light of the principles of contemporary international law, as well as in light of the Russian doctrine of international law, the arguments put forward by Russia's President Putin, Russian officials, and international lawyers are untenable and in contradiction of the previous Russian doctrine's approach towards the relationship between the principles of self-determination and territorial integrity.


The cadmium-free silver filler metal Ag30CuZnSn-3Ga-2In has excellent comprehensive property.In this paper,the effects of rare earth,called usually "vitamin" of metals,Ce on microstructures of Ag30CuZnSn-3Ga-2In filler metal were studied.Results showed that the rare earth Ce did not dissolve into Ag based solid solution and Cu based solid solution,but could form rare earth phase which acted as the particle of "out-of-phase nucleation" in the filler metal matrix.Enrichment phenomena could be confirmed for rare earth Ce in the grain boundary.It is found that rare earth Ce can fine grain strengthen grain boundary and exhibit the formation of Cu6Sn5 for the silver filler metals bearing Ga and In.It is found that adding 0.1% rare earth Ce can improve the microstructure of the Ag30CuZnSn-3.0Ga-2.0 filler metals grealy.


The paper analyzes the differences between better and worse placed teams of the First basketball league of Serbia and Montenegro in players' attitudes on professional-pedagogic qualities of the coaches and work of the club management. The aim of the research was to establish whether there are differences between better placed teams (first group, including 4 teams from the upper part of the table) and worse placed teams (second group, including 6 teams from the lower part of the table) in attitudes of their players on professional-pedagogic qualities of the coaches and the work of the club management. Upon discriminative analysis a conclusion was made that there are significant differences between better and worse placed teams in players' attitudes on professional-pedagogic qualities of the coaches and work of the club management.


A commitment to equality was firmly established as a key principle when the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales were founded a decade ago. In the intervening years both have become international beacons of progress in establishing higher levels of representation for women in politics. But at the 2007 elections there was a decline in the number of women elected to both legislatures and there are fears that the situation will worsen at the 2011 elections. This article examines whether new measures may be needed to recommit to gender equality and asks challenging questions about how this might be done.


Objective The study aims to develop a method for evaluating BOD for residents in Shilin county using disability adjusted life year(DALY),so as to provide scientific guide for rural dweller's diseases prevention and treatment.Methods The all-causes-of-death survey data in Shilin county in 2004 was collected and calculated by disability adjusted life year(DALY) approach which was recommended by the World Health Organization.Results(1)The five leading causes of YLL(in descending order): Respiratory diseases,Unintentional injuries,Cardiovascular diseases,Intentional injuries,Malignant neoplasms;(2)No matter which sort,respiratory diseases was the leading disease.When sorted by DALY,neuro-psychiatric conditions was at the first place in all diseases;(3)Burden of disease was different in different race or gender.Conclusions(1)Underreporting,misinformation and dysoemia data in regular death information could influence the accuracy of YLL.Thus the corresponding method should be used to adjust demographic data and get the correct result;(2)Prevention and intervention on non-infectious chronic diseases should be emphasized on remote villages.


A wooden solar box cooker was successfully constructed with cheap and locally available material with
efficiency of .From the various experiments that were carried out, the highest temperature gotten
both on the ground floor and at the top of the roof was 720C both on the days with air temperature of
380C and 350C respectively.
Efficiency was found to increase with decreasing temperature difference between collector temperature
and ambient temperature. Increase in temperature does not necessarily lead to increase in efficiency.
Efficiency decreased with decreasing solar radiation.


Nine MC young globular cluster and field stars are analysed using fully line-blanketed LTE ATLAS 9 atmospheres and the DETAIL/SURFACE non-LTE line formation code. CNO mixing seems to occur much earlier than predicted by standard theory.


The proposed method is an easy way for all the users to transmit any kind of sound and visual media files which holds the extension like *.avi, *.wmv, *.vob to the authenticated recipients with more security privacy transmission. It provides all customers with fast and secures real time synchronization, automatic online backup, file sharing, and music streaming and unlimited mobile access. The proposed method introduces a novel approach named as Fast standing Quality Media Transmission. The main theme of this method is to shrink the video or audio format to unknown format and then upload to the one.com cloud drive with the universal time code based dynamic smart generation key where the generated key stand as the file name for the currently shrunk file and simultaneously the generated smart code key is sent to the recipient mobile number. In the recipient part, the user has to log on to the proposed system with the help of received smart code key. The server validates the smart code key and if validation succeeds, then the recipient is further allowed to access the download the corresponding encrypted file for the smart code key. Once the recipient user received the encrypted file and then the encrypted file is allowed to decrypt where the shrunken file will be expanded to the original audio or video file without any quality differentiated variance. By implementing this method, many commercial companies like News channels, Entertainment channels will gain transferring the file to the server immediately from any remote area easily.


On March 11th 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake and ensuing tsunami hit Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station. The Fukushima Dai-ichi units 1 to 3 finally lost all DC and AC power, which resulted in the core melt and release of radioactive materials to environment. In order to step forward with the decommissioning, it is necessary to know the final damage status and fuel debris distributions but the remaining records and field investigations are limited and there are still large uncertainties especially in core melt progression. Now activities towards decommissioning are in progress and investigation results inside reactor buildings and containment vessels are being obtained step by step. We have identified current water levels and water leakage locations in containment vessels. It is important to integrate all of the on-site observations as well as simulation-based analysis for understanding accident progression, damaged reactors, and fuel debris distributions. In this paper, updated findings on damaged containments are shown focusing on damage status of containment vessels.


Abstract : We seek to understand the integration of computational (information processing) concepts of cognition and energetics (arousal, emotion, temperament). We briefly outline the traditions out of which concepts of cognition and energetics arise. We argue that the integration of these concepts is best done at the level of the component facilitations and inhibitions describing elementary cognitive operations modulated by midbrain arousal systems. We explore this integration for the area of selective attention by defining a hierarchical selective attensystem in terms of its mental operations and the neural systems supporting them. (Author)


Zamindars, Mines and Peasants. Studies in the History of an Indian Coalfield and its Rural Hinterland, edited by D. Rothermund and D.C. Wadhwa. Delhi: Manohar, 1978. Pp. 236. Rs. 60. Urban Growth and Rural Stagnation, edited by D. Rothermund, E. Kropp and G. Dienemann. Delhi: Mahohar, 1980. Pp. 493. Rs. 150. Relatively little attention has been paid to the history and present condition of specific Indian industries. This is especially true for the coalmining sector. The volumes under review attempt to correct this absence by focussing on the formation and development of the vast Dhanbad mining complex. In so doing they reveal a past and a present founded on crude plunder of natural resources, dispossession of tribal land‐holders and the dominance of 'external' capital. However, the definition of this dominance, its effects and implications are examined within the idiom of a dualist theory of economic dynamics. This gives rise to a number of problems.


In-service bridge structural performance analysis and prediction are usually complicated and challenging because of many unknown and uncertain factors. Contrary to the traditional structural appearance inspections and load tests, structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide a perspective for online analysis, prediction, and early warning. So far, SHM has been widely used in many bridge structures, and a lot of bridge SHM data have also been collected. However, the existing studies usually focus on some independent and unsystematic analysis methods, which are hard to use widely in engineering applications to reveal the overall structural performance. This study focuses on the structural performance analysis and prediction of the highway in-service bridge. The dynamic problems in bridge SHM are pointed out firstly, followed by a detailed analysis about the characteristics of bridge SHM data. With the consideration of different characteristics, three targeted analysis methods are proposed. An urban concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder bridge (opened to traffic in 1995) is also presented, which once experienced some prominent vibration problems. The bridge SHM system is designed and stalled after several appearance inspections, load tests, and some reinforcement measures. The data mining methods proposed (distribution function, association analysis, and time-series analysis) are employed for the analysis and prediction of structural response and deterioration extent. This study can provide some references for maintenance and management and can also build a foundation for further online analysis and early warning.


In this experiment, the method of biofilm colonization on sand filtration(M01and M02)sewage treatment was studied. It is showed the regular change of biofilm development under different conditions, the increment of bacteria number, the success of micro-animal kinds and population etc in the process. The rate of removal of CODcr、NH3-N is observed. The experimental result shows biofilms can be cultivated on the surface of the biological sand filtration, and bacteria played a key role in this process. Epistylis, Vorticella, Zoothamnium, Rataria, Nemato and other microorgnisms can also be found in the system. The degradation of COD and NH3-N on M01 can reach 90% and 70% respectively,The degradation of COD and NH3-N on M02 can reach 60% and 20% respectively.


The authors raise spatial analysis to a new level of sophistication – and insight – in proposing a mathematical model of imperfect optimisation to describe maritime networks. This model encodes, metaphorically, the notion of gravitational attraction between objects in space. The space in which this interaction occurs is the southern Aegean in the Middle Bronze Age, and the objects some of the main 34 sites we know about. The gravitational potential, more sophisticated than in Newtonian physics, is interpreted as a social potential whose equilibria, sampled statistically, determine networks with settlements of particular sizes and links of particular strengths. The model can be tweaked by giving different relative importance to the cultivation of local resources or to trade, and to show what happens when a member of the network suddenly disappears.


The design of a simple vacuum sweepings trap for use in a portable Dustbuster® vacuum is presented. The device allows for the preliminary sorting of the various types of particulate matter at the time of their collection. This trap has proven to be of value in forensic science cases that involve trace evidence.


It is shown that if the space-time of a system composed of a perfect fluid coupled to a frozen-in magnetic field has two Killing vector fields, one of them collinear to four- velocity and the other proportional to the magnetic field, a barometric formula is obtained from which the influence of the magnetic field on the pressure distribution is found.


Despite some reports on the prevalence of adherence to prescribed medication, this is still an underresearched area. Two articles in the British Journal of Haematology emphasize this. The first, by Abdou and colleagues reviews the literature on adherence to long-term anticoagulation. Interestingly, results from large trials show excellent adherence, of > 90%, to anticoagulants, whereas adherence is much lower (~ 60%) in routine use, showing once again that trial results do not fully represent the 'real world'. Young patients, particularly men, and those with a low risk of thrombotic events were least likely to be adherent. In a second article, Schrijvers and colleagues looked at adherence to prophylaxis among patients with hemophilia. Only 43% of patients were considered to be fully adherent, while 20% had missed injections.


Micro-reactors offer distinct advantages over batch reactors currently used within the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Their high surface area-to-volume ratios allow for increased heat and mass transfer, which is important for controlling reaction selectivity. In addition, micro-reactors are compatible with continuous processing technology, circumventing the time delays inherent to batch systems. Rapid mixing of reactants within micro-reactors is, however, limited by the inherent difficulty of generating turbulence at reduced geometry scales. Several different passive mixing strategies have been proposed in order to produce eddy-based secondary flows and chaotic mixing. This study examines the effectiveness of these strategies by comparing the energy-density normalized heat and mass transfer coefficients for a selection of industrial micro-reactors. First single, then two-phase liquid-liquid experiments were conducted. Pressure drop measurements were obtained to calculate friction factors and to verify the presence of eddy-based secondary flows. A hot heat exchange fluid and temperature measurements were used to estimate the internal convective heat transfer coefficients within each structure. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients were also determined for the mutual extraction of partially miscible n-butanol and water. Semi-empirical correlations for the reactors' friction factor and Nusselt number as well as a description of the overall mass transfer coefficient based on energy dissipation are presented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The details of an inexpensive, flexible quadrature signal resolver are given. The unit employs inexpensive embedded controller technology and is suitable for use with linear or rotary encoders. The unit is easily programmed to perform a variety of quadrature signal analysis/decoding functions and is particularly suited to special applications that are not addressed by manufacturers.


Myelography with abrodil, introduced by ARNELL in 1931, was a great advance in that the medium is water soluble and spontaneously absorbable. With the patient in a lateral position during the procedure (LINDBLOM, 1945) a good filling of the root sheaths was obtained. Thus an examination of an important part of the subarachnoid space which could. not be filled by oil or pantopaque and was not visible with air or oxygen was obtained.


As part of the lightning protection plan at the Pantex plant, coupling measurements were made by LLNL to determine the transfer functions of the work areas (cell or bay). From these measured transfer functions the susceptibility of the cell to a lightning strike can be determined, and the appropriate mitigating measures put into effect. The transfer functions are determined by injecting a current on the outside of the cell and measuring the electric field inside. The ratio of electric field to the injected current over a broad frequency range is the transfer function. During one of our tests a comparison of LLNL and SNLA instrumentation was done. The major difference in the systems was that the SNLA system used batteries for power and a fiber optic link to decouple the antenna from the receiver. LLNL used AC power and a cable for the antenna connection. The comparison showed a discrepancy between LLNL and SNLA results. The source of this error was unwanted signal (noise) coupling into the local AC power source from the injected current. Since this source was used to power the equipment, the noise was fed directly to the electric field measuring antenna, causing errors in the measurement.more » The main source of error was confirmed with a series of lab tests done at LLNL Building 141, using combinations of AC power, battery power, and a fiberoptic link. A noise model was hypothesized and the measured transfer functions were analyzed with the noise model in mind to show how the errors were introduced into the data. Measurements were made to show the decoupling effects of using ferrite cores on the instrumentation power cords. The necessary changes to the LLNL instrumentation was then made to avoid these errors.« less