The activity and stability of nanoalloy catalysts for the chemical reactions driving devices for clean energy conversion, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), depend critically on optimizing the composition, surface area and phase type of the nanoalloys, including the bonding interactions between the constituent atoms, for the harsh operating conditions inside the devices. We present results from in operando high-energy x-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) study coupled by atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) on the concurrent atomic-scale changes and decay of the ORR activity of Pd-Sn, Pt-Ni-Cu nanoalloy catalysts as they function at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Here we address the problem by studying the atomic-level evolution of noble metalbased nanoalloy catalysts for ORR as they function at the cathode of an actual proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In particular, we use 1-min time and μm-sized space resolved energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and total x-ray scattering to obtain precise information about the chemical composition, geometric surface area, phase content, 3D arrangement and strength of interaction between the constituent atoms of the nanoalloys. Besides, we evaluate the utilization of the nanoalloy catalysts by measuring variations in their chemical composition and mass distribution over the PEMFC cathode. Concurrently, we measure the current output of the cell that reflects the ORR activity of the nanoalloys. Experimental x-ray data show that the atomic-level changes of nanoalloys can occur simultaneously over different time frames, ranging from minutes-long structural phase transitions to hours-long alterations in chemical composition, and in multiple dimensions, ranging from repetitive sub-Å atomic displacements to nm-sized particle growth. Besides, xray data reveal considerable exchange of atomic species between individual nanoalloy particles, that is, effective mass transport across the PEMFC cathode. Experimental catalytic data show that the ORR activity of nanoalloys closely tracks the atomic-level changes they undergo during the PEMFC operation. Ultimately, we demonstrate the great potential of combined in operando EDS and PDF studies as a tool for guiding the effort to produce more efficient and affordable nanocatalysts for energy related applications. Mechanistic description of ORR at the cathode of a PEMFC and HE-XRD experiment on the PEMFC cathode catalyst. Hydrogen (H2) molecules are delivered to the PEMFC anode and split into protons and electrons via a reaction known as the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The resulting protons permeate through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) to the PEMFC cathode while electrons reach it via an external circuit, thus generating current output. Oxygen (O2) molecules reduced at the PEMFC cathode react with the protons arriving at it, forming water. The reaction, known as ORR, is six orders of magnitude slower than HOR, necessitating a very efficient catalyst, e.g. noble metal-transition metal alloy particles, for speeding it up. Thanks to their high-flux and energy, synchrotron x-rays are able to probe the PEMFC cathode catalyst with sub-Å precision, in both time (~ 1min) and space (μm-sized) space resolved manner. Experimental data provide information for the chemical composition, nanophase content, geometric surface area, 3D arrangement and bonding interactions of atoms constituting the cathode catalyst as it functions under actual operating conditions. The catalyst utilization, related to the chemistry and mass distribution of nanoalloy particles over the MEA, is also assessed. Acknowledgments This work was supported by DOE-BES Grant. Also, it used resources of the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory provided by the DOE Office of Science.


On a Lie group NA that is a split extension of a nilpotent Lie group N by a one-parameter group of automorphisms A, the heat semigroup μt generated by a second order subelliptic left-invariant operator ∑m j=0 Yj +Y is considered. Under natural conditions there is a μ̌t-invariant measure m on N , i.e. μ̌t ∗m = m. Precise asymptotics of m at infinity is given for a large class of operators with Y0, . . . , Ym generating the Lie algebra of S. Introduction. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to describe the precise asymptotic behavior of the invariant measure for a diffusion process on a homogeneous Lie group N ; the description is new even in the case of N = R, d > 1. Second, to present a survey of our earlier results with simplified proofs that are needed to prove our main result. A sequence of random variables defined recursively by Rn =MnRn−1 +Qn, where (Qn,Mn) ∈ R × R∗ = S is a sequence of identically distributed independent random variables with the law P[(Q1,M1) ∈ U ] = μ(U), has attracted considerable attention during the last forty years. Of course, multiplication by scalars Mn can be replaced by other automorphisms of the group R or more generally by automorphisms of a Lie group N with Qn ∈ N . Moreover Wn = (Qn,Mn) · · · (Q1,M1) = (Rn,M1 · · ·Mn) 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 22E25, 22E30, 31B25, 43A80, 60J60.


The authors describe a system for automated analytical temperature-rising elution fractionation that uses the built-in differential refractometer of a commercial-gel-permeation chromatography instrument and a stop-flow method for sample crystallization. They discuss the performance of the system and its ability to fractionate different types of polyethylenes.


A concept of plane gravitational waves is introduced, with emphasis on the mathematical aspect of the theory. The case of purely gravitational plane waves is generalized to include the case in which electromagnetic waves coexist with the gravitational waves. Exact solutions of the field equations are considered. Plane-wave solutions in general relativity are compared with those in the unified theory of non-symmetric fields. These solutions, obtained under severely restricted conditions, cannot assert any decisive conclusion on the general characters of either theory, but some true characters of the theories reveal themselves. (C.E.S.)


The presence of smartphones has caused major changes in human life, including among students. This causes the problem of smartphone addiction in students which causes their daily life to be disrupted. This study aims to reveal the contribution of self-control towards student smartphone addiction. This study was descriptive quantitative, and the data were analyzed by using a simple linear regression. The population in this study was 33480 students of undergraduate program at Universitas Negeri Padang in 2015-2019 academic year. The sample of this study was 400 students taken by using the Proportional Random Sampling technique. The research instrument used was the self-control and smartphone addiction scale with a Likert scale model. The research findings revealed that self-control gives an effective contribution towards the student smartphone addiction at Univeristas Negeri Padang as many as 30.1%.


In this thesis an improved method for predicting ship trajectories is presented. The prediction is done with simple conditional probability distributions, based on a state representation of movements. These movements correspond to a subsequence of the ship's trajectory with high semantic value. The results are comparable to existing methods but require less tweaking of parameters.


protons per beam, giving a stored energy of around 360 MJ, an unprecedented value for accelerators, enough to heat and melt around 500 kg of copper. An uncontrolled release of the energy stored in LHC beams could lead to serious equipment damage. Major damage of superconducting magnets will result in long repair times as the equipment is delicate and difficult to access. It is therefore vital that the LHC is protected against damage due to uncontrolled beam losses [1, 2]. Protecting equipment against damage in the case of uncontrolled losses is challenging. A nominal injection into the LHC from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at 450 GeV is already above damage thresholds [3]. The only equipment specifically designed to withstand the full energy of a nominal LHC beam is the LHC Beam Dumping System (LBDS). A Beam Interlock System has been designed for LHC, requesting rapid beam extraction of beam from the LHC by the LBDS in the case of failures or high beam losses being detected by "User Systems" connected to the Beam Interlock System. A dedicated Injection Interlock System ensures that beam from the SPS is only extracted, transferred and injected into the LHC when the conditions are correct. The LHC Beam Interlock System has to inform the Injection Interlock that beam cannot be extracted from SPS when LHC is not ready. This paper discusses the overall architecture, design and realisation of the LHC Beam Interlock System, with particular emphasis on communications and control aspects of the system needed to realise the strict speed and safety requirements.


Progress in understanding the nonlinear Langmuir rogue waves which accompany collisionless electron-positron (e-p) plasmas is presented. The nonlinearity of the system results from the nonlinear coupling between small, but finite, amplitude Langmuir waves and quasistationary density perturbations in an e-p plasma. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is derived for the Langmuir waves' electric field envelope, accounting for small, but finite, amplitude quasistationary plasma slow motion describing the Langmuir waves' ponderomotive force. Numerical calculations reveal that the rogue structures strongly depend on the electron/positron density and temperature, as well as the group velocity of the envelope wave. The present study might be helpful to understand the excitation of nonlinear rogue pulses in astrophysical environments, such as in active galactic nuclei, in pulsar magnetospheres, in neutron stars, etc.


In this paper, we elaborate on the notion of effective consumption and its role in determining the outcome of fiscal changes. More specifically, we investigate whether government consumption, by acting either as a complement or a substitute to private consumption, can help explain the non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy that have been previously documented. We let the periods, where government consumption has acted as a complement or a substitute to private consumption, constitute different regimes. By using econometric methodologies that allow the these regimes to be determined both exogenously and endogenously, we find that the notion of effective consumption can assist in understanding the non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy that have been documented in Denmark, Ireland and Sweden.


The Editorial Committee of the "Semestre Economico" Journal of the "Universidad Nacional del Altiplano" of "Puno (UNAP) Peru", on the occasion of having celebrated 59 years of institutional operation of the "Facultad de Ingeniería Económica (August 17, 2023)", considers it appropriate to publish the speech of order issued by Dr. Rogelio Olegario Florez Franco, former academic Vice-Rector of UNA Puno. Dr. Florez, due to unexpected issues in life, was in very delicate health and is still in the process of recovery, has delivered a speech different from the traditional, with a philosophical and human perspective, thought from the perspective of the difficult moments that he had to live The philosophical look starts with an objective view of the real world and human behavior so that these principles and assumptions could have their real application to improve the mental health of those of us who are part of sustainable human development. The editorial committee of the Semestre Económico Magazine considers that the speech is a topic of interest and current affairs, delivered at the 59th anniversary ceremony of the creation of the Faculty of Economic Engineering, held on August 17, 2023 in the Auditorium Magnificent of the university city. Therefore, the issue of the Code of Ethics that can be practiced in its academic and scientific integrity is a permanent and necessary task for all university actors at UNA Puno. For the above, reproduced the most important phrases pronounced in their original format.


The current study builds upon previous work demonstrating that by age 2, toddlers can extract information about a new verb from its syntactic context, even before viewing a relevant event (Arunachalam & Waxman, 2010; Arunachalam et al., in press; Scott & Fisher, 2009; Yuan & Fisher, 2009). These findings go further to demonstrate that they can do so in an impoverished social context. Like previous studies, toddlers were presented with the novel verbs in informative linguistic contexts, but here, we presented them without visual access to the speakers, child-directed speech, or discourse context. This work is compatible with evidence of noun learning in contexts in which children have no interlocutor (e.g., Akhtar et al., 2001; Scofield et al., 2007), or no child-directed speech is available (Ma et al., 2011), further demonstrating that in the case of verb learning, rich linguistic information alone can be sufficient for acquiring at least some aspects of verb meaning. Of course, in most real-world learning situations, at least some social context is available, and it is well established that toddlers make use of this information when it is available. However, our findings lend insight into how toddlers may acquire at least some aspects of verb meaning in overhearing contexts in which they may not be directly attending to the ambient speech, and in which no visual referent, discourse context, or child-directed conversation may be available. This non-social presentation may be useful for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, who have difficulty learning word meanings in social contexts (e.g., Baron-Cohen et al., 1997). We are currently pursuing this possibility. Akhtar, N., Jipson, J., & Callanan, M. A. (2001). Learning words through overhearing. Child Development, 72(2), 416-430. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00287 Arunachalam, S., Escovar, E., Hansen, M. A., & Waxman, S. R. (In press). Out of sight but not out of mind: 21month-olds use syntactic information to learn verbs even in the absence of a corresponding event. Language and Cognitive Processes. Arunachalam, S., & Waxman, S. R. (2010). Meaning from syntax: Evidence from 2-year-olds. Cognition, 114(3), 442-446. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.10.015 Baron-Cohen, S., Baldwin, D. A., & Crowson, M. (1997). Do children with autism use the speaker's direction of gaze strategy to crack the code of language?. Child Development, 68(1), 48-57. doi:10.2307/1131924 Krcmar, M., Grela, B., & Lin, K. (2007). Can toddlers learn vocabulary from television? An experimental approach. Media Psychology, 10(1), 41-63. Lany, J., & Saffran, J. R. (2011). Interactions between statistical and semantic information in infant language development. Developmental Science,14(5), 1207-1219. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01073.x Ma, W., Golinkoff, R., Houston, D. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2011). Word learning in infantand adult-directed speech. Language Learning And Development,7(3), 185-201. doi:10.1080/15475441.2011.579839 Roseberry, S., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Parish-Morris, J., & Golinkoff, R.M. (2009). Live action: Can young children learn verbs from video? Child Development, 80(5), 1360-1375. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01338.x Scofield, J., Williams, A., & Behrend, D. A. (2007). Word learning in the absence of a speaker. First Language, 27(3), 297-311. doi:10.1177/0142723707077252 Scott, R. M., & Fisher, C. (2009). Two-year-olds use distributional cues to interpret transitivity-alternating verbs. Language And Cognitive Processes, 24(6), 777-803. doi:10.1080/01690960802573236 Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. J. (1986). Joint attention and early language. Child Development, 57(6), 1454-1463. doi:10.2307/1130423 Yuan, S., & Fisher, C. (2009). Really? She blicked the baby? : Two-year-olds learn combinatorial facts about verbs by listening. Psychological Science, 20(5), 619-626. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02341.x Conclusions Scholars Day 2013 Acknowledgments: Thanks to the families who participated, and the research assistants at the BU Child Language Lab. This work was partially funded by a Franklin Research Grant from the American Philosophical Society. Acquiring word meanings is typically described as a social process involving live interaction and joint attention to the referent. However, the ability to learn meanings in nonsocial contexts could be useful in many overhearing situations, in which speech may not be child-directed, and learners may lack discourse and/or s i tuat ional context. Is social context required to trigger toddlers' abilities to map verbs to meaning? We address this question in the following experiment. Our results indicate that 2-year-olds can acquire a novel verb's meaning even in socially impoverished contexts. This finding has implications for treatment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Introduction Transitive Condition The doctor lorped Daddy. The lion lorped the frog. Mommy lorped the girl. Elmo lorped Ernie. ... Results Sample Trial Intransitive Condition The doctor and Daddy lorped. The lion and the frog lorped. Mommy and the girl lorped. Elmo and Ernie lorped. ... Syntactic Familiarization (different across conditions) Test (identical across conditions) SYNCHRONOUS CAUSATIVE Baseline window: Look! Wow! Response window: Where's lorping? Based on previous work (Arunachalam et al., in press), we expected children's gaze in the two conditions to diverge beginning 1 sec after the onset of the Response window. Proportion of looks to the Causative Scene serves as dependent measure. Toddlers in the Transitive Condition (N = 18) reliably prefer the Causative Scene compared to toddlers in the Intransitive Condition (N = 18) from 1 to 2 sec of the Response window (t(34) = 2.4, p < .03). Multi-level logistic regression models reveal the same pattern: Data were aggregated into 50 ms bins, transformed using an empirical-logit function, and fit using a model treating Syntactic Condition (Transitive vs. Intransitive) as a fixed effect. Syntactic Condition is a reliable predictor of looks to the causative scene in this time window, in analyses with Subject (p < .05) or Item (p < .05) as a random intercept. Participants & Design Participants: 36 toddlers (25.0 to 29.9 months, mean age 27.1 months) 4 trials, each consisting of: 1) Syntactic Familiarization: novel verb presented in one of two contexts Transitive, e.g., The boy is going to lorp the girl, or Intransitive (conjoined-subject), e.g., The boy and the girl are going to lorp The sentences stream ambiently from a speaker while the toddler watches an unrelated video (animated shapes move on the screen) or plays quietly with toys (e.g., Lany & Saffran, 2011). 2) Test: 2 simultaneous dynamic video scenes a causative action a synchronous action At test, toddlers hear, e.g., "Where's lorping?" Eye gaze is recorded (Tobii T60XL). Video: Animated shapes unrelated to audio Audio: sentences streaming ambiently from speakers


The invention discloses a full-automatic wire harness crimping machine. A feeding device, a connector crimping device, a cutting and stripping device and a wire taking and conveying device are sequentially arranged on a stand according to the wire feeding direction. The full-automatic wire harness crimping machine can finish the integrated operation of automatic feeding at fixed length, automatic cutting, automatic stripping, automatic heat rubbing and automatic crimping of the connector without manual intervention and safely and automatically realize the full-flow streamline production, thus the full-automatic wire harness crimping machine has the advantages of high production efficiency, low energy consumption and high precision and is suitable for batch production of large-scale enterprises; and the quality of the processed products is stable.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics of the parasitoids Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. marandobai, T. demoraesi, T. exiguum (two lines), and T. pretiosum (six lines), reared on eggs of Trichoplusia ni. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates. The biological characteristics evaluated were: parasitism, viability, sexual ratio and number of individuals per egg. The parasitism percentage varied between 7.66 and 53%, whith highest value observed for Trichogramma pretiosum Tspd line, and the lowest for the T. pretiosum Trecife line. There was no significant difference for the viability, which remained higher than 85%. The sex ratio varied from 0.75 to 1, and Tspd line showed the lowest value. The number of individuals per egg varied between 2.39 for T. marandobai (Tm1 line) and 1.34 for T. exiguum (Te1 line). T. pretiosum (Tspd line) was the species with the best performance in laboratory with the highest values observed in parasitism and in viability.


This article discusses the economic and financial situation of a selected group of agricultural producers from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship "Kujawsko-Pomorski Tytoń" Spółka z o. o. (LLC). Based on the collected data a multi-faceted analysis and assessment of the financial condition of the group in 2011-2015 was conducted. Authors noted the dynamics of changes in basic economic and financial parameters of the company and made calculations of selected indicators.


Educational Technology is currently developing under the advent of Learning Objects. Standards are evolving, and the future of learning seems to integrate with Information and Communication technologies via this general notion. It is expected that, sooner or later, a large number of Learning Objects will be available in databases, for use by teachers and learners. Yet, towards this target, many issues are still waiting to be answered. Among them, the integration of Instructional Design and Learning Theories into the Learning Objects search procedure and course creation, is of great importance. This paper describes a simple mathematical framework that models selected Learning Theory methodologies into the Learning Objects search procedure and sequencing.


Background We examined the effect of the oral SIRT1 activator SRT2104 on cardiovascular function in otherwise healthy cigarette smokers. Methods and Results Twenty‐four otherwise healthy cigarette smokers participated in a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial and received 28 days of oral SRT2104 (2.0 g/day) or matched placebo. Plasma SRT2104 concentrations, serum lipid profile, plasma fibrinolytic factors, and markers of platelet and monocyte activation were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period together with an assessment of forearm blood flow during intra‐arterial bradykinin, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside infusions. Three hours postdose, mean plasma SRT2104 concentration was 1328±748 ng/mL after 28 days of active treatment. Compared with placebo, serum lipid profile improved during SRT2104 administration, with reductions in serum total cholesterol (−11.6±20 versus 6±21 mg/dL), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (−10±17 versus 3±21 mg/dL), and triglyceride (−39.8±77 versus 13.3±57 mg/dL) concentrations (P<0.05 for all). All vasodilators produced a dose‐dependent increase in blood flow (P<0.0001) that was similar during each treatment period (P>0.05 for all). No significant differences in fibrinolytic or blood flow parameters were observed between placebo and SRT2014. Conclusions SRT2104 appears to be safe and well tolerated and associated with an improved lipid profile without demonstrable differences in vascular or platelet function in otherwise healthy cigarette smokers. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01031108.


Since the capital market became mature, and the stock market boomed in Taiwan, electronic companies offering stock bonuses have become a general phenomenon. Their financial reports have been misleading due to domestic regulations. In order to keep step with the accounting standard of developed-countries, then the authority modified the laws and declared: all the stock bonuses should be treated as expenses from Jan. 1, 2008. However, before the appointed time there was still a one year time lag. In this lecture, we will utilize different imputed price to analyze the behaviors of electronic companies in the gap year. We will compare the outcomes from recent two years, and utilize integral views and different specific indicators to inspect the effects on electronic companies` imputed earnings per share. Moreover, we will observe the transformation of electronic companies` greediness. Should they give up offering stock bonus to employees, or should they use the opportunity to become greedier. Besides, we will compare the performance of electronic companies between listed and OTC market. In this lecture we find: from the macro point of view, there are more listed and OTC electronic companies have given up offering stock bonuses even though they have positive earnings. Besides, those companies grant stock bonuses become greedier during the gap year. In the recent two years, we find that electronic companies in the Listed market were more generous to grant stock bonuses than in the OTC. On the other hand, investors of Listed companies had to share more costs caused by employee's stock bonuses. Finally, the imputed "the closing price on the working day right before shareholders` meeting" caused more costs than the basis price of the ex-rights day.


The in situ remediation of polluted groundwater in permeable reactive barrier(PRB) technology is economical and convenient.The selection of the reactive media is the key and mainly depends on the property of contaminants.In this paper,with leachate-polluted groundwater as the research subject,five PRB reactors were designed with the mixture of zero valent iron(ZVI),active carbon,zeolite as reaction media.The feasibility and effectiveness of treating leachate-polluted groundwater by PRB were tested.The designs of the reactors took into account the relation of the permeability of the reaction media.The experimental results showed that:the average CODcr removal rates of the reactor A,B,C,D and E were up to 79.6%、75.6%、77.0%、78.9% and 79.9%;and the NH+4 average removal rates were 87.3%、82.1%、92.1%、98.8% and 88.5%,respectively.The results indicateed that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-polluted groundwater.


The aim of this study is to compare the differences between four maize hybrids in terms of nutrient determination by portable near-infrared reflectance spectrometer (pNIRS) and chemical analysis; each of the hybrids was grown in the same locality from 2018 to 2020. The topic relates to the variability of the feed value of maize being an important feedstuff in livestock nutrition. The nutritional values determined by pNIRS in comparison with the chemical analysis were higher (P < 0.001) in starch and ash content but lower in dry matter, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein (CP) content. The digestibility levels of neutral detergent fibre and the net energy of lactation as well as the potential milk production per hectare in relation to each tonne of dry matter were also lower. According to this result, it would be necessary to calibrate all tested indicators for a given spectrometer. However, the pNIRS results are useful for evaluating nutrient variability; the standard deviation of the values found in pNIRS was mostly lower than that determined chemically. The pNIRS results are also useful for making practical adjustments to the total mixed rations when calculated from actual chemical analysis if the correlation between the two methods is used; the correlation between the pNIRS and chemical results was found to be significant (P < 0.05) in terms of all the indicators.


In avoiding the production of a 'hot spot' in the midplane of a treatment volume at the border between opposed, adjacent teletherapy fields, adequate spacing at the surface of adjacent fields must be allowed. This in turn leads to a cold spot immediately below the surface of the skin between adjacent fields. This problem is particularly severe when 4 MV X-rays, having a small penumbra are used as the therapy source. In order to achieve a more uniform distribution in time and dose throughout the treatment volume, opposed adjacent fields have been applied using a lap joint technique. Studies were performed using radiographic films exposed in the midsagittal plane for laps of 1.5-6 cm and compared with those produced by standard field separation techniques. Dose distributions were derived from digital isodensity plots and were presented. The method was shown to be successful.


The requirements for the generation of forward directed Smith-Purcell emission from relativistic electrons are introduced, and the first experimental evidence of this phenomenon is presented. The experiments were conducted with a 2.8 MeV/{ital c} electron beam interacting with a 1 cm period grating. Radiation emitted in two bands with wavelengths ranging from 600 to 650 {mu}m and 1.2 to 1.7 mm were measured. Grating period to wavelength ratios were as high as 16. The measured intensities are higher than that predicted by incoherent emission.


Valve-sparing aortic root reimplantation is the technique of choice in appropriately selected patients with aortic root aneurysms. Valve-sparing operations require durable restoration of the structural and functional integrity of the aortic root and valve. These procedures are seldom performed in a minimally invasive fashion. We describe a systematic approach to minimally invasive valve-sparing aortic root reimplantation.


Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray) is anadromous species. They were declared as endangered species in China. Vision is an important cue in larval survival to capture prey. Thereafter, we examined the development of the retina structure during ontogenesis, the density of single cones, the ganglion cells and the nuclei of the outer nuclear layer of newly hatched larvae, covering different developmental stages ranging from hatching (13.3-13.6 mm TL) to 180 days post-hatching (dph) (290.7-301.6 mm TL). At hatching, larvae exhibited an undifferentiated retina. The retina of 3 dph (16.0-16.9 mm TL) had single cones (SC) with high density. The rods appeared at 9 dph (24.8-25.5 mm TL), and it is assumed that at this time the visual system was developed completely. However, the larvae did not show apparent retinomotor responses until 25 dph (42.7-44.1 mm TL). The density of single cones (SC) and ganglion cells (G) decreased with proceeding development, while the density of the rods (R) gradually increased. The ratio of nuclei of the outer nuclear layer to ganglion cells (ON/G) per 100 μm increased, and so did the ratio of nuclei of the outer nuclear layer to single cones (ON/SC). The investigation showed that the structure of the retina changed rapidly from 9 to 17 dph, and many became fully functional at 25 dph when retinomotor responses occurred. This is the transitional period of the ontogenetic development of the visual system. These changes in the retina of Chinese sturgeon are adaptive to their feeding requirements, and co-inciding with the ecological shift from surface to benthic habitats.


ABSTRACT The potentially probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum CCUG 43738, which displayed atypical phenotypic resistance to tetracycline (MIC, 512 μg/ml) and minocycline (MIC, 256 μg/ml), was found to contain a tet(S) gene located on a plasmid of approximately 14 kb. Plasmid curing with novobiocin eliminated this plasmid and restored the tetracycline-susceptible phenotype of the host strain.


: Renin expression follows vascular development through the mouse kidney, regressing to glomerular poles by about P10, where renin is stored in dense core granules in 30 juxtaglomerular cells. Homeostatic challenge to blood pressure causes release of 31 active renin from the granules and recruitment of the renin lineage cells. We 32 investigated the response to homeostatic challenge during late fetal development and 33 following birth in a transgenic line expressing GFP under the renin promotor. 34 Pregnant females were treated with water or captopril (30mg/kg/day), which inhibits 35 angiotensin converting enzyme, from E15.5. We found an increase in renin 36 transcription and expression by P1 following captopril treatment, with granulation 37 increased at the glomerular poles and major arteries from E18.5. At P1, the granules 38 showed a wide variation in electron density. Notably, rough endoplasmic reticulum was expanded in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of captopril-treated pups at both time-points suggesting increased transcriptional activity. Paracrystalline material was observed in granules of captopril treated fetuses at E18.5 and in both treated and untreated pups at P1. Renin expression and some granules were confirmed in the kidney VSMCs by immuno-gold staining against GFP at E18.5. Importantly, we found no difference in active renin content between kidneys from treated and untreated pups at either age group. We therefore demonstrate a disconnect between granulation and newborns when homeostatic utero


Cyberattacks are increasingly costing organizations billions of dollars annually. To protect against them, cybersecurity information sharing and cyberthreat visualization have become crucial research topics. Our platform, CYBersecurity information EXchange with Privacy (CYBEX-P), implements developments in both areas as an approachable collaborative security tool. CYBEX-P's threat-intelligence graph displays indicators of compromise and their crowd-reported threat levels. Intuitive and efficient data interaction is key for adoption of such a contributor-driven system and is the focus of this work. A user study was conducted with participants from cybersecurity backgrounds to test different visualization configurations. Measurements pertaining to dependent variables such as task accuracy and threat-detection time were recorded. Subsequent analysis revealed that relying on localized color to represent threat comes with serious limitations. Likewise, information density must be carefully considered. We conclude that the misuse of simple visual properties can lead to perilous reductions in accuracy and response-time and provide recommendations for avoiding these pitfalls.


Nowadays,the number of postgraduates is gradually increasing in colleges and universities and some new problems have been found in ideological and political education of postgraduates. We should study,explore and resolve them by using the scientific development view. In this paper, some measures of strengthening ideological and political education of postgraduates are put forward.


BACKGROUND
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a familiar and widespread fruit, cultivated worldwide. To date, physiological and chemical changes in fermented persimmon fruit and its active compounds have been rarely investigated. Moreover, comparative studies on the pharmacological activities of fermented persimmon fruit-derived compounds have not been reported.

RESULTS
To investigate the effect of traditional fermented foods on immunostimulatory activity, non-fermented persimmon fruit (D. kaki, DK) and fermented persimmon fruit (fermented D. kaki, FDK) were prepared and further fractionated into low- and high-molecular weight fractions. FDK exhibited significantly higher activity toward the production of macrophage-stimulatory mediators compared with that of DK, and the high-molecular weight fraction (FDK-H) isolated from FDK was shown to have more potent activity than FDK. FDK-H not only increased the expression of immunostimulatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and iNOS), but also stimulated the phosphorylation of both MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF-κB (p65 and IκB) signaling molecules underlying macrophage activation. The putative chemical characteristic of FDK-H was identified as a pectic RG-I-rich polysaccharide with a high molecular weight of 304 kDa containing galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose as the major monosaccharide units.

CONCLUSION
The present study reveals that traditional fermentation is a useful method for increasing the macrophage-immunostimulatory activity of persimmon fruit, and the increased activity may be associated with structural modification of persimmon polysaccharides. This study may serve to identify a functional ingredient as an immunostimulatory agent, and our results may be applied to develop a new immunostimulatory product using FDK-H. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Marginal reserves are an important play in future energy development. Based on the statistics of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), the low permeability and unconventional reservoirs occupied 92% of newly found proven reserves in China. To overcome challenges such as poor reservoir conditions, weak natural energy, low displacement efficiency, and insufficient single well production, CNPC has conducted years of research and operation to cost-effectively develop China's marginal reserves.
 To develop the marginal fields economically, it is required to maximize single well production, recovery and reservoir sweep with minimum CAPEX and OPEX reasonably. The production enhancement is realized by 3 key technologies, namely, sweet spot identification, multi-layered 3D short spacing horizontal well pattern, and volumetric fracturing techniques. The cost reduction is achieved by the full life cycle practice of utilizing "large cluster, factory" well design and field operation, drilling prognosis optimization, integrated intelligent surface system, and unmanned operation.
 CNPC cost-effective development mode is practical and successful, marginal fields characterized with heterogeneous, multi-layered oil-bearing intervals with poor continuity are being economically developed in China. By comprehensive geological study, fit-for-purpose technologies application, and geoscience-to-engineering integration, the fracture control degree of horizontal wells increased from 60% to more than 90% based on micro-seismic events, stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) increased by 46.8%, average cumulative oil production per well is more than 100 times than original production in the field. Fast and early cash flow is realized by minimum production facilities. The average drilling cycle is shortened by 61%, the surface facility construction time is reduced by 65%, and the average single well investment is reduced by 42%.


Static moduli of rocks are usually different from the corresponding dynamic moduli. The ratio between them is generally complex and depends on several conditions, including stress state and stress history. Different drainage conditions, dispersion (often associated with pore fluid effects), heterogeneities and strain amplitude, are all potential reasons for this discrepancy. Moreover, comparison of static and dynamic moduli is often hampered and maybe mistaken due to insufficient characterization of anisotropy.


The Tree-Seed Algorithm is an optimization algorithm created by observing the process of growing and becoming a new tree, the seeds scattering around trees in natural life. In this study, TSA is applied to optimize high-dimensional functions. In previous studies, the performance of the tree seed algorithm applied for the optimization of low-dimensional functions has been proven. Thus, in addition to running the algorithm on 30-dimensional functions before, it has also been applied to solve 50- and 100-dimensional numerical functions. This improvement, called the tree seed algorithm, is based on the use of more solution update mechanisms instead of one mechanism. In the experiments, CEC2015 benchmarking functions are used and the developed tree seed algorithm is compared with the base state of TSA, artificial bee colony, particle swarm optimization and some variants of the differential evolution algorithm. Experimental results are obtained as mean, max, min solutions and standard deviation of 30 different runs. As a result, it is observed by the studies that the developed algorithm gives successful results.


The invention relates to a rolling bearing lubricating grease composition and a preparation method thereof. The rolling bearing lubricating grease composition is prepared from synthetic oil, mineral oil and cycloalkyl oil which are used as base oil, metal complex soap used as a thickener, and antioxidant, corrosion and rust inhibitor, high-quality extreme-pressure antiwear additive and the like which are used as additives. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the thickener into a reaction kettle, adding 50-60% of base oil, heating to 140 DEG C, cooling to 85 DEG C to start saponification, heating to 190-210 DEG C while stirring, adding 25-33% of base oil, cooling to 170-180 DEG C, adding the antioxidant, continuing stirring, adding the rest of base oil, cooling, adding the corrosion and rust inhibitor, cooling to 60 DEG C below, adding the other additives, rolling the oil with a tri-roller machine three times to obtain the finished product, and filling. The lubricating grease provided by the invention has the advantages of high mechanical stability, strong adhesion property, high extreme-pressure antiwear property, long service life and the like, and ensures the normal operation of the rolling bearing.


Environmental protection is a systematic project in maintaining ecological balance and realizing the constant development of economy and society.Public relations of the Chinese government on the theme of environmental protection are mainly confronted with the issues of media,public audiences,environmental protection organizations,volunteers,local authorities and other aspects.Hence the government must adopt highly effective methods to raise the public awareness,keep good relations of the media,establish emergency organisms for any possible eventualities,make good use of all the principles of public relations.In this way,different groups and organizations will co operate closely,then proceed to shape the good environmental images and propel the cause of environmental protection forward sound and systematically.


Contents: Comparative analysis of Old English and Old High German word order - Word order of main clauses - Word order of subordinate clauses - Text type versus word order - The functions of the V-1 order in main clauses - The V-2 constraint in Old English and Old High German - The influence of coordinating conjunctions on the word order of main clauses - The subordinate word order - The influence of weight on the position of subjects and objects - The West Germanic syntax hypothesis revisited.


Objective To observe the apoptosis of T cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and its role and clinical significance in the immunopathogenesis of MG. Methods T cell subsets (CD4~+F cells,CD8~+T cells) and their apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry and double-label immunofluorescence antibody technique in 45 MG patients and 40 normal controls,and the apoptosis in peripheral blood T cell subsets was measured again in all of the 24 MG patients after using glucocorticosteroids.Results The percentage of CDS~+T cells was much decreased, and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+T cells was much increased in MG group as compared with control group.The apoptotic CD4~+T cells in peripheral blood of MG group were significantly less than those of control group. The apoptosis in peripheral blood CD4~+T cells was related to the clinical types and prognosis of MG.GC promoted the apoptosis of CD4~+T cells in peripheral blood.Conclusion There are abnormal distribution of T cell subsets and abnormal apoptosis of CD4~+T cells in MG patients,the latter being considered as useful markers for evaluating clinical characteristics of MG.GC may play an important role in correcting the abnormal apoptosis of CD4~+T cells in MG patients.


ObjectivesAdhesive capsulitis (AC) is a restricted shoulder range of motion. Rotator cuff disease (RCD) has been believed to be a major etiologic factor of AC, however, how soon is the development time from RCD to AC (DTRA) has not been elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the ultrasonographic characteristics of RCD and the DTRA. MethodsTotal 40 patients who were diagnosed as AC were recruited. The clinical char-acteristics of RCD were diagnosed by ultrasonography and classified with the Southern California Orthopedic Institute for Rotator Cuff Classification. The correlation was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance.Results60% of full thickness tear and 40% of partial thickness tear patients (10 male and 30 female, mean age of 54.0±8.4 years) and 38% of bursitis and 21% of neo-vascularization were observed. The mean value of DTRA was 74.8±131.3 days. There were no correlation between DTRA and gender (p=0.63), location of the partial tear (p=0.63), the severity of the partial thickness tear (p=0.63), full thickness tear (p=0.66) and completeness of the tear (p=0.16). The presence of bursitis or neovascularization was not associated with DTRA (p=0.60, p=0.61).ConclusionsAlthough RCD is a major etiologic factor of AC, the severity, the type of RCD and the presence of bursitis and neovascularization were not statistically correlated with the DTRA in our study. Comprehensive consideration about etiologic factor analysis of AC will be needed with prospective study design for future study. (J Korean Med Rehab 2014;24(1):77-82)


Title of Document: THE HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF THE SLIGO-DENNIS BIORETENTION CELL. Jennifer M. Olszewski, Master of Science, 2010 Directed By: Professor Allen P. Davis Civil and Environmental Engineering Bioretention cells have been found to improve the hydrologic and water quality performance of impervious areas such as parking lots. The current study recorded hydrologic data from a bioretention cell in Silver Spring, MD, over a period of 2 years, collecting water quality data from 14 storm events. Data showed the cell completely captured storm events that produced less than or equal to 1.27 cm of rainfall, after which a linear relationship between cell outflow and cell inflow was observed. The cell was found to reduce the site CN from 96 down to 79 and to have a CN of 96 when assessed as a separate land use. The hydrologic performance was also compared to that of a forested stream near Baltimore, MD. While the cell performed similarly volumetrically for storms producing less than or equal to 2 cm of rainfall, the Sligo-Dennis flow-durations were typically half the length and double the flowrate of those of the forested stream. THE HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF SLIGODENNIS BIORETENTION CELL.


Our previous research among teaching staff revealed that students' engineering identity development showed a quantum leap during workplace learning in industry. But teaching staff also observed vast developmental differences between individual students. Therefore, we are interested in understanding the models and conditions for this identity growth during workplace learning. Simultaneously we want to test the observations from the teaching staff by confronting them with the student perspective. These insights might provide suggestions for improving the engineering curriculum in cooperation with teachers [1]. Although teachers can provide some explanatory clues on students' identity development during workplace learning, research from the engineering students' perspective is scarce. Our previous research identified two theories on models of identity development suitable to explain identity development. The first theory is the mentoringor alignment model defined by Sheppard [9] and Sullivan [10]. The second theory is the provisional selves model, defined by Ibarra [7]. In this study, these two theories were used to develop instruments and questionnaires for assessing: 1) students' identity development and 2) developmental models of identity growth. In a repeated measurement design, data were collected twice using questionnaires among 216 third-year bachelor student engineers. The results of the first questionnaire, just before workplace learning, showed that students on the average did not yet identify with engineers as a professional group and only one third of them showed starting identification. The preliminary results of the second questionnaire reveal: 1) Students show significant average growth in clarity of their professional identity but not in identification; 2) Students developing according the Ibarra model show significantly more growth on WEE2011, September 27-30, 2011, Lisbon, Portugal. Editors: Jorge Bernardino and José Carlos Quadrado. identification compared to students developing according the Sullivan model; 3) For most students, the workplace conditions for successful identity development, as identified in our previous research, were met. But, the effect on identity development could not be tested as there was not enough variance in the data. The presented findings are the result of a preliminary analysis. Further analysis is planned en will be reported at the conference.


The Sancheong kaolin was fractionated into 9 size fractions by wet sieving, sedimentation, and centrifugation. The systematic X-ray diffraction combined with electron microscopy shows that the clay mineral composition of each size fraction is related to the original fabric of kaolin. Minerals such as halloysite (10), kaolinite, illite, and goethite which were formed by procipitation from solution are generally concentrated in the finer fractions, whereas verniculite which was formed by pseudomorphic transformation from other primary minerals are concentrated in the coarser factions. Kaolinits of various types which were formed by precipitation or transformation show a wide size range but they are generally concentrated in the coarser fractions. Halloysite or halloysite-kaolinite clusters in coarse fractions are the fragmentation products of the walls of original boxwork clusters in coarse fractions are the fragmentation products of the walls of original boxwork kaolin which escaped the complete dispersion even through the grinding, ultrasonic agitation, and chemical treatment. Separation of fully hydrated halloysite and kaolinite was possible by systematic wet size fractionation. The coarse-grained minerals such as vermiculite and kaolinite are usually removed during the preparation of clay fraction smaller than 2, whereas the fine-grained minerals such as illite and goethite are overlooked in X-ray diffraction of the bulk samples because of their minor contents. The systematic wet size fractionation is needed for understanding of the exact mineralogy of kaolin of weathering origin.


This paper details the ongoing debate in educational administration between Australian naturalists and some of their principal critics since the publication in 1991 of Evers and Lakomski's seminal book, Knowing Educational Administration. It examines critically the views of critics in five categories. Each of these criticisms is responded to from the point of view of Australian naturalism, largely to the advantage of the naturalists. In the last part of the paper the author identifies and explores further potential weaknesses in Australian naturalism.


Hirschberg [ 1 9 7 8 a , l g 7 8 b ] and Kosaraju [ 1 9 7 9 ] have recent ly Invt~st tgated t he problem of determining whether a given k-vector is an element of a set of n k v e c t o r s . They assumed only the data structure of a sor ted array, tha t is, t ha t the v e c t o r s have been sor ted Into lexicographlc order. The best res=Jlts In this model are by Kosaraju, who has given upper and lower bounds on the number of ( t e r n a r y ) compar isons used In array searching (which we denote by A(n,k)) of Ig n + (k ig n ) t / 2 / 2 h(k) _< A(n,k) _< Ig n + ( k l ) (2 Ig n) 1 /2 ÷ 2k ÷ 0 ( 1 ) , w h e r e h(k) is a funct ton of k only. tn thts note we will invest igate an algorithm t h a t uses a new data s t ruc tu re to achieve the fas ter search time of


A new process has been developed for the production of metal and ceramic parts by injection moulding. Materials with high strength can be produced in complicated moulds by this process. The powder injection moulding process (PIM) is used for the manufacture of complicated parts from materials such as iron, corrosion-resistant steels, tool steels, refractory hard metals, titanium and ceramics


Ab stract- A research conducted by the International Association of Administrative professionals reveals that the Future Office 2020 will be characterized with highly advanced office technology and information system that requires expertise and advanced technological skills. The administrative and technological advancement will transform the workplace and will place high premium on technical abilities and interpersonal skills of professional secretaries. Ironically, the more advanced office technology becomes, the more confidential secretaries' interpersonal skills, knowledge and competence are showcased. The paper examined the place of secretarial option of business education programme in tertiary institutions in Kaduna State for future office 2020. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were postulated for the study. The descriptive research design of the survey type was used for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from the respondents.


Ion-exchange property and thermal stability were studied on four synthetic hydrous metal oxides from the viewpoint of applicability for the processing of liquid radioactive waste. Hydrous titanium (IV) oxide and hydrous niobium (V) oxide, consisting of metal ions having larger ionic potential, possessed large cation-exchange capacities, and showed high affinity for both the transition metal ions and the representative element ions. Hydrous tin (IV) oxide and hydrous zirconium (IV) oxide, consisting of metal ions having smaller ionic potential, were amphoteric ion exchangers possessing large anion-exchange capacities, and showed much higher affinity for the transition metal ions than for the representative element ions. The selectivity series are understood in terms of the formation of a bond partially covalent in character for the transition metals, and the purely electrostatic interaction between anionic exchange sites and unhydrated or hydrated cations for the representative elements. An examination of ...


Purpose – This paper aims to seek to demonstrate that a non-scientific approach to policy design causes policymakers to persist in the development and use of conventional and inefficient "top-down" policies. This paper takes the case of the design of official pro-internationalization policy, intended to promote internationalization through outward investment, to reveal inadequacies and inefficiencies in policy design. Through an analysis of the merits of introducing a "bottom-up" approach, it also aims to show how policy redesign would better yield the desired specific and effective impacts sought by policymakers. Design/methodology/approach – A framework was developed, comprising a set of real policy measures, two indexes to quantify the alignment between government policies and firms' strategies and a regression model to test the impact of the misalignment on firm performance. This framework uses primary empirical data. Findings – The results are obtained through an item-by-item comparison between use a...


The present invention, at least two communication nodes (n1, n2, ..., np) a communication network having a communication network that operates using network protocol having a MAC (Media Access Control) layer and the network layer to a method of characterizing a communication link in. The method step of transmitting the unicast packet from the communication node (n1) to another communication node through link l [n1, n2] (n2) having a driver, at the level of the driver, by the node (n1), MAC layer a step of collecting information about the transmission characteristics at the level of network ray, from the collected information, deriving a delivery ratio of unicast packets (du), the average time to transmit a unicast packet (PTT), the node ( in n1), by calculating the mean (PTT) / du, comprising the step of predicting the quality of a link l [n1, n2] at the level of the MAC layer and network layer.


Several medicines were tested for the early development of Babylonia formosae habei . The results showed: 0.2-0.9 mg/L KMnO 4,2-5 μL/L formalin or 1-2 million unit/m 3 mycostain can improve the hatching rate of ova or reduce the hatching time. In addition, they can kill the harmful microbia in the water. The safe concentration of formalin, KMnO 4, and malachite green to veliger larvae is 1.233 μL/L, 0.138 mg/L and 0.040 mg/L, respectively.


Reliability prediction is the key for electronic product to make qualitative analysis into quantitative analysis. It is the essential technique for electronic product to fill reliability index. This paper made the overview and analysis of reliability prediction for electronic product from three aspects-the concept of reliability prediction, the basic process of reliability prediction and the main method of reliability prediction. In addition, it proposed the problem and the development trend of reliability prediction method on the basic.


Data on the hydrologic properties of aquifers are frequently not available or are spatially limited; additionally, their determination through aquifer tests is often logistically complicated and economically expensive. This study aimed to estimate aquifer properties by analyzing the water level response for the effects of barometric pressure and earth tide. Harmonic analysis of the time series of water level and barometric pressure recorded in three boreholes in the Mexicali aquifer provided reasonable values of porosity, specific storage, transmissivity, and compressibility of the rock materials that constitute the alluvial aquifer. The representative values of porosity (14–20%), specific storage (1.74–6.23×10−6 m–1), transmissivity (8.57–8.66×10−7 m2·s–1), and compressibility (3.90–8.21×10−10 Pa–1) were obtained. These values were consistent with the sediment types identified in the proximity of the wells analyzed. The results of this study show that the analysis of water level response to natural phenomena is a low-cost tool that provides reasonable estimates of aquifer properties. This advantage is particularly relevant in the study of aquifers where the available hydrological information is insufficient.


The purpose of this project is to study missiologically the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church history in Japan after World War II, because it has been often said that the Japanese church membership has not grown so fast as other countries in the Far Eastern Division. Why is the SDA mission so difficult in the country? In order to solve the problem, I surveyed, analyzed, and interpreted descriptively the work of the church. After dealing with an overview of the prewar and postwar political, geographical, economic, social, and religious conditions of the country, the postwar church history was divided into four ten-year periods: restoration and advance (1945-1955); dependence on missionaries (1956-1965); transition from missionaries to national workers (1966-1975); and independence from missionaries (1976-1985). In each period the missionaries and Japanese worked very hard, so the slow growth of the church was not due to laziness of the workers. Generally the mission has been traditionally carried out through institutions (radio broadcasting with Bible correspondence courses, publishing house, hospitals, schools, and others) and departments (Sabbath School, lay activities, youth, and others) of the Japan Union. Although the church was able to get a large number of baptisms during the postwar religious interest, the church began to meet difficulty in soul-winning in harmony with the economic development which produced materialism and secularism of the country. On the other hand, as a whole, the growth of Japanese economy helped the church improve many areas of the work financially, especially the building projects of churches, hospitals, schools, and others. It is absolutely necessary for the church to grasp clearly the context of the country, namely the culture, so that the church may make an effective strategy of mission for the nation. Since the church members live in different settings with different gifts, they should be motivated for missionary work according to their settings and gifts. Additionally people have different felt needs, so the church should approach them with the multiple methods of mission so that they might be led to the real need, Jesus Christ as their personal Savior.


Introduction Universal Dependencies (UD; Nivre et al. 2016) has recently become a de facto standard as a dependency representation used in Natural Language Processing (NLP). As most syntactic processing in NLP involves dependency structures, it is safe to say that it is becoming a standard for syntactic processing at large. Version 2.1 of UD treebank collection, released in mid-November 2017, consists of 102 treebanks representing 60 typologically diverse languages (http:// universaldependencies.org). The aim of this paper is to discuss linguistic issues in the process of converting LFG representations to dependency structures following the UD standard, specifically, its enhanced version 2. Conversion of LFG structures to dependency structures is not a new task (cf., e.g., Øvrelid et al. 2009 and Çetinoğlu et al. 2010), but apparently no attempt has been made so far to take advantage of the enhanced possibilities made available in UD v.2, and – with the notable exception of Meurer 2017 – previous attempts are only mentioned or very roughly outlined in the literature. Moreover, there is some disagreement about which syntactic level of representation – c-structure or f-structure – is the most natural basis for constructing dependency representations. While f-structure seems to be a natural candidate, Meurer 2017 sketches a conversion procedure based mainly on c-structure and consisting in step-wise transformations of the constituency tree into a dependency tree. The approach presented here follows the more standard observation that f-structures provide the basis for dependency relations. Of course, c-structures cannot be ignored, as they provide the actual forms in the sentence (f-structure pred values usually use lemmata as functors) and their order. We show that this information, and the φ correspondence between c-structure preterminals and f-structure components, is sufficient to perform the conversion, i.e., that the actual constituent structure may be completely ignored. The empirical basis for the conversion is the manually disambiguated LFG parsebank of Polish consisting of over 17,000 sentences (almost 131,000 tokens). Since this is a parsebank, it only contains analyses successfully provided by the LFG parser of Polish (Patejuk and Przepiórkowski 2012) and selected by human annotators as correct. While this constrains the number and kinds of constructions present in the corpus, the underlying LFG grammar of Polish is currently one of the largest implemented LFG grammars, and it includes a comprehensive analysis of various kinds of coordination and its interaction with other phenomena, so there is no shortage of sentences which pose potential difficulties for the conversion.


Electricity is the main source of energy of coal production,reasonable security of supply has very important significance to improve the economic efficiency of coal and to ensure production safety.This article first analyzes the coal power design and several design issues,and specific design strategies:focus on arc voltage of electrical safety monitoring,a reasonable choice of power supply,innovation and supply management mechanism and optimization of supply energy-saving design.Hope will help improve the reliability of the entire supply network.


Information system risk assessment case studies based on information assets that need to be mapped in detail, this case study has been conducted at XYZ University in the directorate of online learning. There is a need for the application of a risk management information system for information asset security and has to be designed to identify risks and problems that exist at the online learning especially. Information system risk assessment must be watched out for because it can threaten the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of online learning activity and through this qualitative research which uses the OCTAVE ALLEGRO framework, critical assets can be identified together with the proposed prevention approach.


The new willingness by publishers to enlist the controversies that violence in Karachi entails brings into conversation - in this book - some prominent academics, ethnographers, journalists, writers and activists.This diverse coalition provokes shifts awayfrom recursive academic and media scripts of the city toward a different 'counter-public' of cultural and political commentary, as contributors critically unpack the constitutive relation of violence to personal experience and create new understandings that are tentatively shared. The book drills down into the city's neighbourhoods - to examine ways violence is textured locally and citywide into protest drinking, social and religious movements, class and cosmopolitanism, gang wars, the fractured lives of militants and journalists, uncertain continuua between state political and individual madness, and ways the painful shattering of some worlds produces dreams of others. While the individual chapters each provide fresh insights, the collective ethics of rewriting, rethinking or cajoling Karachi's landscape into other forms is more dynamic and unclear, and being worked out in public.Chapters are by Nadeem F. Paracha, Laurent Gayer, Zia Ur Rehman, Nida Kirmani, Nichola Khan, Oskar Verkaaik, Arif Hasan, Razeshta Sethna, Asif Farrukhi, Kausar S. Khan, Farzana Shaikh, and Kamran Asdar Ali.They comprise a singular and important contribution for those still spirited to understand what went wrong with Karachi.


High number of approaches and methods has been developed in the course of attempts to establish higher education programs on the Internet. The most frequent difficulties emerge from not enough systematic descriptions and restriction of implementation of the teaching and learning processes to administrative methods. Although, application methods from object modeling are promising, appropriate representations of related objects and their implementation in real teaching and learning environments are still under development. In this paper, the authors discuss some practice oriented aspects of object modeling based course description. They evaluate recent methods and propose implementation principles and practice. Cooperating functions for structured course, matching demands and description, possibilities for supporting customization of course model, and integration of course development and handling functionalities with engineering environments are issues in the organization of the paper.


It is our pleasure to welcome you to the fifth Information Interaction in conteXt Conference, IIiX2014 in Regensburg. The conference has been organised by the Chair for Information Science at the University of Regensburg. The conference follows four previous IIiX symposia in Copenhagen ('06), London ('08), New Brunswick ('10) and Nijmegen ('12). These proceedings contain the refereed papers presented at the conference. The IIiX conference explores the relationships between and within the contexts that affect information retrieval (IR) and information seeking, how these contexts impact how users behave with and around information, and how knowledge of information contexts and behaviours can be used to improve the design of interactive information systems.

The intention of IIiX is to foster an integrated approach to information access by bringing together members of the research communities in information seeking behaviour, user interface design for IR systems and IR system design.


The city of Aleppo is a key battleground in the Syrian civil war and has seen intense fighting since 2012. On Tuesday morning, the city fell to government forces amidst claims of severe human rights abuses and deteriorating conditions on the ground. Throughout the conflict, the city has been split between two major warring factions: the pro-Assad forces, backed by Russia, Iran and other Shia groups, holding the western part of the city, and the Syrian rebel groups, backed by Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the United States, claiming the east. Other groups, including armed terrorist factions and Kurdish militias, are also involved in the conflict and maintain smaller territory throughout the city. Reports claim that the Kurds have been cooperating with the Assad regime to oust rebel groups from the city.


Background  Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory dermatosis with a prevalence of 1–3% in the general population. It is recognized more commonly in those infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No studies have looked at Seborrheic dermatitis in the context of immunosuppression secondary to organ transplantation. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of Seborrheic dermatitis in a renal transplant population and characteristics of those affected.


An 80-year-old Chinese woman, with a background of diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency caused by long term usage of traditional Chinese medication (currently on oral hydrocortisone 20 mg b.i.d. replacement therapy), presented with a painless, erythematous plaque over her left elbow, with surrounding painless, erythematous nodules. The patient was unsure of the exact duration of the skin lesions but considered they had been present for a few months. There was no history of trauma. Skin examination revealed an erythematous plaque measuring 8 cm in diameter (Fig. 1). It was surrounded by non-tender, erythematous nodules measuring up to 1 cm. A punch biopsy taken from the plaque was sent for histology and microbial cultures (bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures). Histopathology showed the superficial and mid-dermis to be completely obscured by a predominantly diffuse infiltrate of macrophages, in which only a few poorly formed granulomas were evident (Fig. 2). An admixture of less prominent inflammatory cells included lymphocytes, plasma cells, and some neutrophils. Occasional Langhans type multinucleated giant cells were also noted. No discrete isolated granulomas, necrosis, neutrophilic


Ho Kyun,the famous Korean scholar,devoted himself to book collection during the time he as- sociated with Chinese scholars in Ming Dynasty.Among the books he collected,some were gained when he received Chinese envoys and scholars;some were collected while he was sent to China as an envoy;others were from Korean translators and wanderers.Besides,he introduced the prose collection by his sister and him to China,through which he contributed a lot to the culture exchange between China and Korea.


The MSW transfer station was introduced. Three kinds of raising mechanisms of the MSW transfer station were compared, then its kinematic characteristic was analyzed, and its disadvantage were indicated. A new-style chain drive raising mechanism of MSW transfer station was presented, and the structure and the kinematic characteristics are analyzed.


Before being planted,Lilium longiflorum were surged with GA3,IAA,6-BA of different concentration respectively.The average germination rate,stem height,leaves' total,flowes'total and length of flower buds was statistieed during its growth.The results showed that GA3(100 mg/kg)had the best effect on the germination and flower stems'total;IAA(100 mg/kg) had the best efect on the stem height;6-BA had the best efect on the leaves'total,The whole efect of IAA(100 mg/kg)was the best among all treatments.


Those provided herein, stool, blood, urine, saliva, or neck, urethra, nasal or solids such as swab specimens throat, to quickly test semisolid or specimen liquid, and environmental testing it is a method and device. Device for testing a sample includes a sample les Receiving chamber and test chamber, and at least one reagent member, a handle, and a base provided with an insertion portion and a plug having a threaded. The base is further provided with o-ring surrounding the plug.


This contribution aims at presenting the first clinical evaluation trials of a Series-Elastic-Actuator based exoskeleton for post-stroke elbow rehabilitation, NEUROExos, from the BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna.


After over two decades of prolonged economic growth, Spain suffered its worst economic crisis in decades between 2008 and 2014. The political, social, and economic consequences of this crisis were very severe: unemployment increased sharply reaching over 27 per cent; inequalities deepened; and the two-party political system was transformed by the emergence of new parties. The implementation of structural reforms, which intensified as a result of the European Union financial sector bailout of 2012, led to economic recovery. As a result, credit was restored, strong economic growth resumed, and the political system did not implode. Yet, persistently high unemployment (particularly as regards youth and long-term) as well as inequality (and to a certain extent poverty) still persist a decade after the crisis. This chapter looks at the genesis of the crisis and examines the responses to the crisis, as well as its economic, social, and political consequences.


abstract Greening the agricultural sector is envisioned to generate millions of green and decent jobs, benefitting African countries in particular, thus contributing to poverty reduction, promoting social and economic development, and offering solutions to some urgent environmental challenges. Compelling theoretical arguments presented in the literature make a strong case not only for greening the agriculture sector to create new green jobs and upgrade the existing ones, but also for an opportunity to advance gender equality and women's empowerment, in a sector engulfed by major gender disparities. It is a sector in which women make up the majority of the labour force. This open forum piece examines the possibility of advancing gender equality and women's empowerment in Africa through green jobs creation in agriculture. It draws on available existing literature and case studies from African countries. Among the major findings is that, if the right choices are made, the possibilities of green agriculture to deliver on the envisioned promises are immense. However, the challenges that must be overcome in agriculture appear to be more daunting than the possibilities. One of the recommendations is that the commitment to achieve gender equality should set a foundation for comprehensive, gender-responsive, and human rights-based green agricultural initiatives.


Long sentences with complex structures are common in international maritime conventions,and they often pose great challenges for translators. This paper discusses the strategies and methods for translating long sentences in international maritime conventions,aided by a self-built corpus IMC.


Linear discriminant analysis reveals sensitivity and selectivity of analytes in discriminating between HC and PD. Serum and CSF levels of IL-6 (a), serum IL-6 (b). Serum and CSF IL-8, TNF, NGAL, and IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein, Aβ40 and Aβ42 (d), serum IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein, Aβ40, and Aβ42 (e), serum and CSF IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF Aβ40 (f), serum and CSF IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF Aβ42 (g), serum and CSF IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein (h), serum and CSF IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ (i), serum IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF Aβ42 (j), serum IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein (k), serum IL-8, TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF Aβ40 (l), serum and CSF TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein, Aβ40, and Aβ42 (m), serum TNF, NGAL, IFNγ, and CSF α-synuclein, and Aβ42 (n), serum TNF, NGAL, and IFNγ (o), serum and CSF TNF, NGAL, and IFNγ (p), serum TNF, NGAL, and IFNγ and CSF α-synuclein, Aβ40, and Aβ42 (q), serum TNF and CSF α-synuclein, and Aβ42 (r), serum TNF and CSF Aβ42 (s), serum IL-8, TNF, NGAL, and IFNγ (t). The x axis is the percentage of correct categorization into a group, and the red line is set at the lowest percentage of correct categorizations for the factor or factors considered. The y axis is the collection hour. (PDF 239 kb)


Abstract This article provides a new application of Westerdahl's concepts of maritime cultural landscape and maritime cultures within the context of Mesoamerica, and more specifically during the Postclassic period (AD 1325–1521). The results presented here were obtained by transposing maritime archaeological research questions to new fieldwork in the Mexican highlands, using a pluri‐disciplinary methodology. Combining archaeology, ethnohistory, iconography, and ethnography allowed to throw new light on the undervalued lacustrine cultural landscape of the Basin of Mexico and its understanding by the Aztecs.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the return and dividend characteristics of two different types of Malaysian real estate investment trust (REIT) series, namely, conventional and Islamic, against macroeconomic variables over the period 2011-2017.Design/methodology/approachThe required data are derived from Datastream database. Multiple regression analysis is used to determine the impact of macroeconomic variables on financial performance of 13 Malaysian REIT series.FindingsResults show that the macroeconomic variables are able to predict future returns and dividends of Malaysian REITs. The analysis also suggests that Islamic REITs are seen to be less sensitive to macroeconomic variables and display better portfolio diversification benefits as compared to their conventional counterpart. The ongoing implications for large-cap and small-cap REITs are also highlighted.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is the small percentage of Islamic REITs sample due to limited period of observation available. However, the two Islamic REITs included are representative of Islamic REITs in Malaysia as both of them are listed in the Bursa Malaysia with asset size and market capitalization values more than RM1bn.Practical implicationsThe results of this study may serve as a useful input for financial market players on making strategic business decisions especially with regards to differences between conventional and Islamic REITs characteristics.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is to explore the relationship between REITs and macroeconomic factors on a unique capital market (Malaysia) that allows comparison between conventional and its Islamic counterpart.


Although depreciation is a crucial factor in economic growth models, little effort has been made to estimate depreciation rates. This study provides the integrated fuzzy indicators for the depreciation rates in 21 peer developing countries. Within the framework of fuzzy logic, first, ten related variables are combined to obtain four depreciation indicators, namely human, social, physical, and natural capital. Then the four indicators are combined to obtain an overall depreciation measure. The results indicate that remarkable gap exists among developing countries. The overall depreciation rates are at the highest level in the CIS countries (circa 0.7) and at the lowest level in some of the developing European nations (circa 0.4).


Soluble protein can be extracted if muscle fibres are lysed and the extractability depends on several factors such as choice of buffer, presence of protein inhibitor and the osmolarity of the resuspension buffer (1). Proteins can be severely affected by small changes in hydrogen ion concentration. Some proteins tend to precipitate when the pH approaches their isoelectric point (pI) (7). Therefore, in order to ensure reproducible results, it is important to maintain the protein solution at the constant pH. Once an optimal pH has been determined, different buffer within the
same pH range may also be examined for specific buffer effects (2). Different types of skeletal muscles are composed of different proportion of fibers at which the differences influence the metabolic capability (4, 6). Differences in rate of post-mortem glycolysis could induce changes in protein solubility (3). In addition, the selection of the ST, LD and SS muscles for the study
was based on their previously reported metabolite and contractile characteristic as well as fiber type composition (5). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the type, pH and molarity of extraction buffer on protein extractability from beef Semitendinosus (ST) Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Supraspinatus (SS) muscles.


Atomic channels in crystals are known to consist of 10 – 100 V/Å potential barriers capable of guiding and collimating a high energy beam and continuously focused acceleration with exceptionally high gradients (TeV/m). However, channels in natural crystals are only angstromsize and physically vulnerable to high energy interactions. Carbon-based nano-crystals such as carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes have a large degree of dimensional flexibility and thermo-mechanical strength, which could be suitable for channeling acceleration of MW beams. Nano-channels of the synthetic crystals can accept a few orders of magnitude larger phase-space volume of channeled particles with much higher thermal tolerance than natural crystals. Our particle-in-cell simulations with 100 m long effective CNT model indicated that a beamdriven self-acceleration produces 1 – 2 % net energy gain in the quasi-linear regime (off-resonance beam-plasma coupling, np = 1000 nb) with ASTA 50 MeV injector beam parameters. This paper presents current status of CNTchanneling acceleration experiment planned at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) in Fermilab.


We demonstrated that phosphorous (P)-doped ZnO nanocombs exhibited extremely high photocatalytic efficiency, which was evaluated by photodegrading methylene blue dyes in aqueous solutions. The photocatalyst takes advantage of the large surface to volume ratio (S/V) and abundant surface defect states of ZnO nanostructures. To maximize the S/V for more efficient light irradiation, the morphologies of the P-doped ZnO nanostructures were tailored by controlling the ratio of argon and oxygen in the carrier gas. P-doping caused a bunch of surface defects in ZnO, which could effectively restrain the recombination of photogenerated carriers and improve the photocatalytic behavior. Superior photocatalytic behaviors of P-doped ZnO nanocombs, as well as the availability of catalyst-free large scale synthesis, provide a new paradigm for rational synthesis of high efficient photocatalysts.


The mathematical specifications of Release 4.0 of the Attitude Determination Error Analysis System (ADEAS), which provides a general-purpose linear error analysis capability for various spacecraft attitude geometries and determination processes, are presented. The analytical basis of the system is presented. The analytical basis of the system is presented, and detailed equations are provided for both three-axis-stabilized and spin-stabilized attitude sensor models.


In the sense of digital terrain modeling, there is a set of techniques for obtaining a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). But, as expected, modeling the terrestrial surface, its representation in a virtual space, involves certain problems that are related to the surface specificity itself and our way of measuring it. Numerical altitude models, once performed, find their usefulness as input data for derivation of some topographical attributes of geomorphometric parameters, morphometric variables or general information about the land respectively.


Although there may be lot of research work done on sequential pattern mining in static, incremental, progressive databases, the previous work do not fully concentrate on support issues. Most of the previous approaches set a single minimum support threshold for all the items or item sets. But in real world applications different items may have different support threshold to describe whether a given item or item set is a frequent item set. This means each item will contain its own support threshold depends upon various issues like cost of item, environmental factors etc. In this work we proposed a new approach which can be applied to any algorithm independent of whether the particular algorithm may or may not use the process of generating the candidate sets for identifying the frequent item sets. The proposed algorithm uses the concept of "percentage of participation" instead of occurrence frequency for every possible combination of items or item sets. The concept of percentage of participation will be calculated based on the minimum support threshold for each item set. Our proposed algorithm by name " MS-SPADE", which stands for Multiple Support Sequential Pattern Discovery using Equivalent classes , which discovers sequential patterns b by considering different multiple minimum support threshold values for every possible combinations of item or item sets.


Jawa Deer (Cervus timorensis russa) is the endemic species in Indonesia which has potential to fulfill life necessaries. Study for knowing the reproduction of deer is required to do that deer conservation is getting better . The measurement of testosterone hormone can be used as reproduction indicator, but the invasive measurement can induce stress and death of deer. The aim of this study is to understand non-invasive method application for measurement of deer�s testosterone metabolite.
The study was done to applied measurement of testosterone metabolite in a non-invasive methode by urine. Measurements were performed using a kit DRG Instrument testosterone applied to deer� urine. The success of the test can be determined if a test result parallelism. Tests were conducted with as many as three variations of the deer antler, they are velvet, hard, and casting antler. Test samples was done by centrifugation at 3.000 rpm with a variation of a long 30, 60, and 90 seconds and with the serial dilution start from 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, then analized using ELISA reader.
The results showed that the measurement of testosterone metabolite in a non-invasive by urine can be applied to deer. The data obtained show parallelism on centrifugation 90 seconds in velvet and hard antler samples, whereas samples with a long centrifugation time 30 and 60 seconds were not parallelism. Centrifugation for 90 seconds is the most optimal time for testosterone metabolit test done with a non-invasive method by urine.


Aim To expand the robots′search area,then improve their track on the moving target.Methods Apply the method of moving object detection upon moving background to robots′target detection and tracking.Results Robots can detect targets in motion state.Conclusion The results show that the method can effectively improve the ability of target detection and the robots can detect the targets accurately in the motion state.


In this paper, the synthesis problem of plane wave applied to 5G communication measurement is studied by means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation. A plane wave generator (PWG) working at 28 GHz is designed to realize the near-field antenna measurement. The PWG consists of 21 × 21 units, whose amplitude and phase are figured out by using the least squares method (LSM). The numerical simulation results indicate that the high-purity plane wave is synthesized in the quiet zone with 20λ × 20λ × 7λ. The frequency bandwidth is 12 GHz covering the communication system band of 5G. The max amplitude error is less than 1 dB and the max phase error is less than 10° on the area under test (AUT), meeting the antenna measurement requirements.


That composition and structure profoundly impact the properties of crystalline solids has provided impetus for exponential growth in the field of crystal engineering over the past 25 years. Crystal engineering has evolved from structure design (form) to control over bulk properties (function). Today, when coupled with molecular modeling, crystal engineering can offer a paradigm shift from the more random, high-throughput methods that have traditionally been utilized in materials discovery and development. Custom-design of the right crystalline material for the right application could therefore be at hand.


The emerging sustainability concerns underlines the need for a paradigm shift from the usage of fully fuel-based resources to bio-based green alternatives. In this regard, new generations of green organic films and coatings have continuously been under development to meet the requirements for the food packaging, anti-corrosion, and biomedical applications. In recent years, much more attention has been directed towards materialization and commercialization of the newly synthesized high-performance environmentally friendly films and coatings made of bio-resource polymers. Although big steps are taken in replacement of fossil-based coatings by the environmentally-friendly bio-based ones, still properties of green organic films and coatings are not adequate for high performance uses. Thus, modified/functionalized green organic films and coatings are expected to be developed to respond upon the performance challenges/gaps. Green organic films and coatings are mainly based on the polysaccharides, proteins, and biomass like plant oil-derived and microbial synthesized polymers. This short review identifies and discusses the green coating technology by placing focus on bio-resources. In addition, the current challenges as well as essential keys for future research on green coating were highlighted.


Pascal Language Overview Input and Output in Pascal Data Abstraction in Pascal Recent Changes to Pascal - the ISO Standard Turbo, UCSD and Microsoft Pascal Differences Between Pascal and Modula-2 Turbo Pascal Procedures and Functions Turbo Pascal Case Study - Animation Graphics Other Pascal Extensions and Bit and Byte Manipulations Appendices Index.


. We report the first observation of the reactions Au + Au ! Au + Au + ρ 0 and Au + Au ! Au (cid:3) + Au (cid:3) + ρ 0 with the STAR detector. The ρ are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as expected if they couple coherently to both nuclei. We discuss models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup, and present a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system.


The degree of gelatinization of potato starch was measured by the apparent optical density of starch–water suspensions at 530 nm during isothermal gelatinization at 52.5~72.0°C. From the temperature dependence of the gelatinization rate, the activation energy of gelatinization was determined to be 22±6 kcal/mol, being in good agreement with the value obtained by the enzymic digestion method in the previous paper. The gelatinization temperature as measured from the half-transition was found to be 61.1°C which is slightly higher than the value of 59.1°C determined by the glucoamylase method. From the transition curve, the van't Hoff enthalpy was evaluated to be 117±3 kcal/mol.


Abstract : Advances in the past decade of the energy and power densities of lithium-ion based batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and various consumer applications have been substantial. Rechargeable high rate lithium-ion batteries are now exceeding 6 kW/kg for short discharge times 160 Whr/kg at > 1.0 kW/kg). Some preliminary test data on a rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery is presented. The use of high rate rechargeable lithium-ion batteries as a function of onboard power, electric laser power level, laser duty cycle, and total mission time is presented. A number of thermal management system configurations were examined to determine system level weight impacts. Lightweight configurations would need a regenerative thermal energy storage subsystem.


Soybeans undergo rapid deterioration due to its chemical composition and unfavourable storage conditions. The objective of the research was to determine the length period of seed hidration and dehydration which is integrated with rhizobateri to viability and vigor of deteriorated soybean seed.  A completely randomized design with four replicates were used in this experiment. Seeds were treated with varied combination of hydration period in a rhizobacteria suspension and followed by dehydration time.  Data were analysed using the F-test and significant differences were further tested with Least Significant Difference at the 5% level. Results showed that the hydration and dehydration period of seeds in a rhizobacteria suspension improved viability and vigor of seed which have 59.5% initial germination percentage. The improvement was 12.28%, 0.56, 25.4% and 1.4 days for standard germination test, vigor index, first count test percentage and T50, respectively. The hydration for 60 minutes followed by dehydration for 60 minutes gave the best results on seed viability and vigor.


Initial therapy is the most important stake to succeed in the periodontal treatment. Especially plaque control decide success of periodontal treatment. When initial therapy was done completely, initial repair Tay occur excellently. Recently it was experienced that the number of surgical treatment needed cases were decreased. In this study, the changes of pocket depth between the first examination aild after the initial therapy were evaluated. Forty-one periodontal patients (mean age 40.8) whose


Different methods have be used to identify the ancient flood deposit in different watershed.Through summarizing the existing methods,a set of complete discrimination method of ancient flood deposit is proposed to analyze the sample's field characteristics,age,heavy mineral and grain size.And then the folk formula is used to identify.After comprehensive comparison,ancient flood deposit is determined.Finally,the method is applied to discriminate ancient flood deposit in mountainous river.The results show that the ancient flood deposit has the same component but lower content with modern flood deposit in heavy mineral;in grain size analysis,both deposits' median particle size,sorting coefficient,deviation coefficient are approached;ancient flood deposit's content of size composition is larger than the modern flood deposit's;ancient flood deposit meets discrimination criterion for beach deposit in Folk Formula.So,the proposed method can be well applied in the real river,which provides reference for further improving the system of ancient flood deposit discrimination.


The rapid process of urbanization has led to water pollution, reduction of space areas and channel deposition. However, current river protection and management levels are not suitable for city development level and human demand. Therefore, these problems have not yet been solved. China is still in an era of rapid urbanization, which means that the influence of urbanization in rivers will increase in the future—and the task of river protection and management will be more arduous. In order to meet the challenges and opportunities brought by urbanization and promote the sustainable use and management of river, this study puts forward relevant suggestions on river protection and management, such as river management mechanisms, economic incentive instruments, technical support, transformation of development concepts, improving laws, regulations and policies and stimulating public participation.


The invention relates to a preparation method of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide with improved temperature and salt resisting performances by using a template polymerization mode. The polymerization initial temperature of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is controlled to be 0-15DEG C at which template materials are more remarkably acted with functional monomers of polymerization monomers to facilitate the forming of a polyacrylamide product with a block structure; by adopting the template polymerization at the polymerization phase, polymer colloid particles have superhigh molecular weight and maintain favorable dissolving performance at the same time; and by using the temperature of the polymer colloid particles during generation, NaOH is added for hydrolysis during discharge. The number average molecular weight of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide disclosed by the invention can reach 25-32 millions; meanwhile, compared with a random copolymerization product, the high polymer structure has more ordered block sequence structure, so that the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide has favorable dissolving performance; in addition, higher viscosity can be maintained in saline water with high temperature and high salinity.


Environmental quality research was conducted in Bengkulu City which aims to determine the quality of the residential environment. the method used in this study is a combination of high-resolution image interpretation techniques (Google Earth) assisted by geographic information system technology (GIS). high-resolution images are used to identify objects that function as parameters. Then these parameters are given a rating or scoring to obtain an analysis of the environmental conditions of the settlement, by giving weights we can determine the level of ability based on the level of these parameters. The parameters used in this study were settlement density, settlement layout, and settlement location. Based on the study results, the quality of settlements in Bengkulu City is dominated by good category, especially in Muara Bangkahalu and Selebar subdistrict, these two subdistricts still have a lot of non-developed lands and are close to transportation access in the form of bus terminals and airports so it will attract people to live there. For suggestion, good planning is really needed to build a settlement, thus the settlements and environment quality can also be well preserved.