Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with ultimate momentum resolution we have explicitlyresolved the bilayer splitting in the nodal direction of Bi-2212. The splitting is observed in a wide doping rangeand, within the experimental uncertainty, its size does not depend on doping. The value of splitting derivedfrom the experiment is in good agreement with that from band structure calculations which implies the absenceof any electronic confinement to single planes within bilayers of Bi-2212. Other consequences of this findingare also discussed.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.214525 PACS number(s): 74.25.Jb, 71.15.Mb, 74.72.Hs, 79.60.2iI. INTRODUCTION


In this paper, a prototype of agent-based engineering system is developed based on the AADE (autonomous agent development environment), a FIPA compliant agent platform. By applying several advanced technologies including software agents, Internet/Web, workflow and database, the developed prototype system is able to successfully fulfill our target of integrating personnel, design activities and engineering resources along a predefined engineering design project (workflow). A software prototype is implemented to integrate various engineering software tools including CAD, structural analysis (FEA), dynamic analysis, fatigue analysis. A wheel-axle-assembly (part of a bogie system) is chosen as a test case for the validation of the prototype system.


Comments and suggestions regarding this document should be submitted within 90 days of publication in the Federal Register of the notice announcing the availability of the guidance. Submit comments to Dockets Management Branch (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register.


A liquid-fueled lamp comprising a liquid-impervious container, which is preferably a light-weight steel can of the type used to store foods, etc. A relatively small opening is provided in the top of the can, and a tube or some other structural member extends through the opening. The tube is preferably rigidly secured to the container, as by welding or brazing. A metal tube having a 1/4 inch diameter is suitable. A flame-positioning means, such as a "plug" of asbestos fibers, is mounted in the top of the tube. A wick for transferring fuel from within the container to the flame-positioning means is also provided. Preferably, the wick is made of a narrow piece of double-knit polyester material. The wick and the plug of asbestos fibers are mechanically held together by the tube, so that fuel drawn upward by the wick will saturate the asbestos plug. Typically, the wick will furnish more fuel to the asbestos plug than will be consumed by a flame. Hence, a fuel-drainage means is desirable for permitting the drainage of excess fuel back into the container. The fuel-drainage means may consist of a structural trap surrounding the tube, with an aperture located in the top of the container and within the structural trap. The preferred fuel for such a lamp is mineral oil, which heretofore has been primarily used as a laxative and lubricant, and as a carrier for cosmetics and insecticides, etc. Such oil as meets National Formulary (NF) or U.S. Pharmacopia (USP) specifications for mineral oil will burn with essentially no odor. Technical grade mineral oil will also burn in the lamp described herein, but it has a faint odor that might be objectionable to some persons. The lamp is particularly safe when it is fueled with mineral oil, because-unlike kerosene and other fuel oils-mineral oil is rather hard to burn.


Several parameters important to the wind farm production are time dependent. The transfer from energy yield estimates based on annual statistics to time series is therefore important, both for a better understanding of the processes and for more accurate estimates. This also links the pre production analyses to production forecasting and operation and maintenance strategies. This study applies data from Smøla wind farm to show the benefits of using a time dependent approach taking the true measured turbulence into account in the estimation of the wake losses. The operational status of each turbine is also used to model the wind farm wake losses and production only based on operative turbines. The air density influence on the monthly and annual production is evaluated.


Recent studies have suggested a possible association between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder (BD). However, observational studies are limited and there are variations between the gut microbiota taxa found in different studies. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether there is a causal relationship between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder at the genetic level and to reveal trends in the effect of influential gut microbiota on the development of bipolar disorder.We conducted a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study of summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of gut microbiota and bipolar disorder. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method of statistical analysis, while results from the MR-Egger method, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR multiplicity residuals and outliers (MR-PRESSO) tests were used for additional validation.Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO global test were used to test MR results for stability and reliability.We identified 13 gut microbial taxa causally associated with bipolar disorder. Betaproteobacteria, Acidaminococcaceae, Eubacterium xylanophilum group, Butyricimonas, Peptococcus, Prevotella 7, Roseburia, Terrisporobacter, Burkholderiales and Desulfovibrionales increased the risk of BD, whereas Candidatus Soleaferrea, Ruminiclostridium 5 and Victivallis decreased the risk of BD. The results of the MR analysis were shown to be reliable in the sensitivity analysis.With the MR study, we analysed the causal relationship between 196 gut microbial taxa and bipolar disorder and also identified gut microbiota associated with the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Our findings provide new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of BD.


The author investigated the library reader training content of universities in the colleges of agricultural and forestry through web page,analying the investigation content.


An efficient and practical one-pot transfer hydrogenation reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with amines has been developed by using iridium complexes as catalysts and formic acid as hydrogen source in aqueous, providing an environmental friendly methodology for the construction of a wide range of functionalized amine compounds in excellent yields (80%~95%) This effective methodology can be scaled up to the grams with 0 1 mol% catalyst loading and also be employed in the synthesis of medical substance such as Meclizine


1. Introduction

ickle cell disease is a genetic disease very prevalent in the world and particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. The prevalence ranges from 20% and 30%. In some African countries, it can reach 45% [1]. The number of newborns affected by this genetic disease is estimated at 240,000 per year or 0.3 to 25 per 1000 live births with fifty to seventy five percentages who do not reach the age of five [2–4]. In Cote d'Ivoire, country located in west Africa, the SCD prevalence rate is 12% [5]. As such, SCD is one of the greatest public health treat of all time and represent a public health problem. This disease makes patients more vulnerable to infections with high mortality, organs damage, and chronic anemia among children [6]. A better comprehension of the disease physiopathology in general will help to develop therapeutic approach to improve the management of the patients. There is an ongoing regular inflammatory status due to high levels of cytokines [7]. In this course, chemokines CXL and CCL also have been identified participating in this inflammatory process, particularly Interleukin-8 (IL8 or CXCL-8) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, (MCP-1or CCL2). These two chemokines have been identified as having a chemotactic activity for neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes [8]. Detection of inflammatory cytokines in the during non-crisis periods could be a guide for medical to improve management of SCD patients. This study strives to observe whether chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 can be used to predict morbidity or mortality in SCD children.


Pyranose oxidases are known to oxidise o-glucose, o-xylose and l- sorbose to keto-aldoses, biochemically interesting compounds that may also be used for synthetic purposes in a variety of reactions. In this study pyranose oxidase from the basidiomycete Penio- phora gigonteo was investigated, and it was found that this enzyme is able to oxidise a broad variety of substrates very effectively. ln analogy to its natural mode of action. most substrates are oxidised regioselectively in position 2. Certain compounds, however, are con- verted into 3-keto derivatives. and the enzyme even exhibits transfer potential, that is, disaccharides are formed from /j- glycosides of higher alcohols. Substrates that may be oxidised at C-2 in yields between 40-98"A are n-allose, o-galac- tose, 6-deoxy-o-glucose, D-gentiobiose, a-o-glucopyranosyl fluoride and the very interesting 3-deoxy-o-glucose. 1,5- Anhydro-o-glucitol ( 1 -deoxy-o-glucose) is very effectively oxidised in position 2 in 98 % yield and additionally gives a product of dioxidation at C-2 and C-3 upon prolonged reaction time. Selective oxidation at C-3 was found for 2-deoxv-


SVG can compensate reactive power deficiency, suppress harmonics, improve three-phase imbalance and power quality more flexibly. There are very few small volume SVG products available for low voltage distribution network in the past. The generic SVG products are very expansive, thus not suitable for low voltage distribution network. Therefore, it is an urgent task to design a new generation distribution network SVG product that offers good value for money. This paper studied a SVG digital controller based on TMS320F28335 DSP chip. The fast and powerful computing and parallel operation capability of TMS320F28335 can satisfy the real-time, multifunction and multiple objective coordination control of SVG. Applied the instantaneous reactive power theory and adopted current direct control mode, an enhanced filtering algorithm to filter instantaneous sampling value is proposed. Automatic bi-directional compensation control strategy effectively reduced voltage variation at the user side. Its effectiveness is verified by an engineering project.


This paper presents a new iterative multiuser detection algorithm for asynchronous spectrally-efficient M-ary continuous-phase modulation in additive white Gaussian noise. This detection algorithm is closely related to another algorithm that was recently proposed by the same authors, but it follows from applying the sum-product algorithm to a different factor graph of the same multiuser detection problem. This, in turn, results in a different way to approximate the marginal bit a-posteriori probabilities that are used to perform minimum bit error rate multiuser detection. The girth of the factor graph considered in this contribution is twice as large, which is known to be potentially beneficial for the accuracy of the a-posteriori probabilities. The size of the largest factor graph variable alphabets also multiplies with M, rendering the straightforward application of the sum-product algorithm more complex. Through approximating a suitable set of sum-product messages by a Gaussian distribution, this complexity is significantly reduced. For a set of system parameters yielding high spectral efficiency, the resulting algorithm significantly outperforms the previously proposed solution.


Eighty five canine eyes performed phacoemulsification for cataract extraction between January 1999 and December 2001 were reviewed. Mean age was 7.26 years old and main breed was poodle (37 dogs). Mature cataract was 51.76%, immature cataract 27.05% and hypermature 21.18%. Improvement of vision was detected in 75(88.24%) of 85 eyes at 4 weeks after surgery. Postoperative complications were posterior capsular opacification(6), partial posterior synechia(5), glaucoma(3) and uveitis(2). Reasons for failure of visual improvement among the patients performed phacoemulsification were mainly related to development of postoperative anterior uveitis, secondary claucoma and progressive retinal degeneration.


Background– Due to the increasing demand for more efficient management of global resources and the requirements from Corporate Social Responsibility, sustainability has become an unavoidable issue ...


Swarm systems (or multi-agent systems) become increasingly beneficial in performing complex tasks. In recent years, several branches of control and optimization for swarm systems have been developed based on different purposes and scenarios. In this survey, some recent developments on control and optimization for swarm systems (or multi-agent systems) are reviewed, including progress in consensus, formation, flocking, containment, optimization, and sensor networks.


With the recent advancements in cloud computing technology, the number of cloud-based services has been gradually increasing. Symmetrically, users are asking for quality of experience (QoE) to be maintained or improved. To do this, it has become necessary to manage network resources more efficiently inside the cloud. Many theoretical studies for improving the users' QoE have been proposed. However, there are few practical solutions due to the lack of symmetry between implementation and theoretical researches. Hence, in this study, we propose a ranking table-based network resource allocation method that dynamically allocates network resources per service flow based on flow information periodically collected from a software defined network (SDN). It dynamically identifies the size of the data transmission for each service flow on the SDN and differentially allocates network resources to each service flow based on this size. As a result, it maintains the maximum QoE for the user by increasing the network utilization. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 29.4% higher network efficiency than the general Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) method on average.


E arlier in this series, I said that the principles of maneuver warfare applied by an organization with different roles, responsibilities, strengths, and weaknesses than the Marine Corps would look quite different from MCDP 1, Warfighting, which is maneuver warfare applied to and for the Marine Corps. In this article, I will look at another warfighting organization that is applying many of the same principles and examining how their version is different. That organization is the People's Liberation Army (PLA). In lieu of endnotes, which tend to get ignored, I will lay out the sources for this article here in order to highlight them and where they can be found. For translations of PLA textbooks, I have used those provided by the Air Force Chinese Aerospace Studies Institute. These include the 2013 and 2020 versions of The Science of Military Strategy, the 2006 version of The Science of Campaigns, and 2021 translations of Lectures on Joint Campaign Information Operations published by the PLA's National Defense University Press. They are all available at https://www.airuniversity. af.edu/CASI. I have also pulled context and analysis from a number of think tank reports and articles. These include the RAND reports "People's Liberation Army Operational Concepts" by Edmund J. Burke, Kristen Gunness, Cortez A. Cooper III, and Mark Cozad (published by RAND Corporation in 2020) and "Systems Confrontation and Systems Destruction Warfare: How the Chinese People's Liberation Army Seeks to Wage Modern Warfare," by Jeffrey Engstrom (published by RAND in 2018). All these sources are available for free online and are available to anyone. First, some caveats. One, the PLA does not have doctrine in the same sense that U.S. forces do. The materials mentioned above are professional military education textbooks that are reinforced by regulations at the unit level, although the exact role of each is not clearly defined. Second, at times the PLA uses the same words as the United States in a number of public-facing documents, but that does not necessarily mean that they are using them in the same way. Additionally, PLA officers and academics hotly debate, discuss, and disagree on these concepts and ideas. The PLA's institutional vision, therefore, is somewhat of a moving target (as is ours). However, reading major trends and official documents reveals a sophisticated and robust warfighting vision that has a lot in common with the Marine Corps' conception of maneuver warfare. It is unclear how institutionalized these ideas are or whether or not the PLA has or can realize them but understanding the mind of potential adversaries is part of maneuver warfare.


Piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru devices that are able to transfer electric power through metallic/ferromagnetic wall are investigated. Electric energy is converted to acoustic energy by piezoelectric transducer at one side of the wall. The acoustic wave propagates through the wall and, then, it is converted back to electric energy by another transducer on the other side. For high efficient transmission, it is critical that all the energy loss should be minimized. In addition to the electrical, mechanical and electromechanical loss in the transducers and the thickness of the wall, Lamb (plate) waves are excited by the transducers in the wall and they also result in energy losses. In this study, the energy loss caused by the Lamb waves are analyzed analytically and by finite element simulations. The results and the methods to reduce the loss are presented and discussed in this presentation.


Hepatic ketogenesis in adult rats is controlled by two systems: i] entry of fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondria, catalyzed by carnitine palmito 1 transferase [CPT] I and 11; and ii] enzymatic activity o?mitochondrial 3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] synthase. Carnitine palmito 1 transferase [CPT] I , is a distinct rotein from C d I I . The cDNAs for both genes have gee, characterized [1,2]. Once inside the mitochondria, ac 1 CoA undergoes p-oxidation to yield acet 1 CoA wf%h may then completely oxidized in the tricariox lic acid cycle, or be used for ketone body synthesis. The channelin of acetyl-CoA into acetoacetate is conducted via the H h G C o A c cle, which in turn is controlled at the transcri tional revel by mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase [3,47. p-Oxidation and ketogenesis are absent or very low in the foetal liver, but these metabolic pathways emerge after birth, and so plasma ketone body concentration is ver low in foetus, but increases markedly after birth [5,6y. In the suckling rat, physiological hyperketonemia appears owing to the stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body synthesis in the liver. Other tissues such as intestine can contribute to the ketone body level in the suckling Period [7]. This process is accompanied by the increase in CPT I [8,9] and HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels [5]. We have previously shown that there is coordinate liver expression of both CPT I and mitochondrial HMGCoA synthase genes throu hout the suckling period [9]. The pattern of mRNA lev& is quite similar, increasing sharply after the first lactation, reaching a plateau on da 3 and decreasing smoothl until weamng in which bot i CPT I and mitochondria[ HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels remain at about 25% of the maximal value. attern of expression of both genes is dependent of cLanges in glucagon and insulin, we have carried out several experiments with 12 da -old suckling rats. We determined the levels of CPT l a n d mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels in two conditions leading to chan es in plasma ketone body concentrations. Starvation (22 h) as shown in Fig 1 increased mRNA levels for CPT I 13-fold, while the increase for HMG-CoA synthase was only 20%. U on milk-refeeding of the 24 h starved rats, the m k A levels of CPT I decreased ra idly with time, so that at 8 h the level was 25% that orthe starved rats. A re-bound of the mRNA levels was observed at 24 hours. Mitochondria1 HMG-CoA synthase changed minimally throughout the whole experiment. To cietermine whether the


The study examines English names which second language speakers give their children. The names may be English but have a distinct African flavour such as No Please and Talknomore hence the term Afro English. The study interrogates the background of over sixty names collected over a period of ten years. The researchers conclude that ESL speakers of all linguistic groups exercise creativity when they choose English names .Furthermore the study reveals that the less educated the parents are, the more creative they get to be in name choice.


In a recent ASQC survey, only 39% of Fortune 1,000 managers had a quality program and were satisfied with the results. This book fills the need for a non-threatening strategic guide to quality management. Hagan's unique approach helps readers view the quality improvement process as a business--and manage it for success.


Random amplified polymorphic DNAs(RAPDs) were used to construct linkage maps of the parents of a Populus adenopoda Maxim.× P. alba L. F 1 family. A set of 620 random oligonucleotide primers were screened and 128 primers were selected to generate RAPD markers within a sample of 80 F 1 progenies. A total of 333 segregating loci [(326(1∶1),7(3∶1)] were identified. Among the 326 1∶1 segregating loci (238 loci from P.adenopoda and 88 loci from P. alba ),36 loci (26 loci in P. adenopoda and 10 loci in P. alba ) were found distorted from the normal 1∶1 ratio. Altogether 290 loci segregating 1∶1 (testcross configuration) were used to construct parent_specific linkage maps,212 for P.alba and 78 for P. adenopoda. The resulting linkage maps consisted of 189 marker loci in 20 groups (four or more loci per group), 6 triples and 16 pairs for P. alba, which cover the map distance about 2?402.4 cM, and 41 linked marker loci for P. adenopoda which cover map distance about 479.4 cM. Further study is warranted to locate some important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) based on the maps.


Lovazs' proof of the Kneser Conjecture presents a beautiful application of Borsuk-Ulam Theorem, a purely topological result, to a combinatorial problem on finite graphs. Moreover, Kneser-Lovasz Theorem is far from being the only case in which a combinatorial problem admits as a solution that uses topological techniques. It is rather surprising that the study of continuous maps would yield elegant solutions to entirely discrete combinatorial problems. This survey seeks to give a brief glimpse of such beautiful topic of topological combinatorics. We survey three kinds of combinatorial problems. The first problem concerns the game hex, and we discuss how one can apply Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem to show that the game always has a winner. The second problem is the necklace problem, in which the ham-sandwich theorem provides a nice solution. Lastly, we give a short description of Lovasz's work on neighborhood complexes, which generalizes the Kneser conjecture and in fact gives a lower bound for the chromatic number of any graph.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Several oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral infections can be a major concern in patients suffering from mouth dryness. Whole mouth salivary flow is affected by many factors which may include habits like smoking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of xerostomia and hyposalivation among smokers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study groups included 60 smokers and 60 healthy non-tobacco users as case and control groups respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect the smoking habits and symptoms associated with xerostomia. Measurement of unstimulated whole mouth salivary flow for 3 minutesutes was performed using modified Schirmer test. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULTS
The prevalence of xerostomia symptom was 37% in smokers and it was 13% in non-smokers, with a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.003). The prevalence of hyposalivation was 43% in smokers, whereas it was only 8% in the control group (p< 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Xerostomia symptoms with significant reduction in unstimulated whole mouth salivary flow were associated with long term smoking.


Clenbuterol (CL) was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase using glutaraldehyde at different ratios and a Micro DSC Ⅲ calorimeter was adopted to measure energy released during hydrolysis of α-naphthol by horseradish peroxidase labeled CL antigen with different conjugation ratios. A slight decrease was found in enzyme activity and the enzyme labeled antigen with lower conjugation degree showed a higher energy change under the same CL concentration. Under the same condition, the energy released during enzymatic reaction in 0.15 mol/L NaCl buffer was higher than that in 0.1 mol/L PBS buffer. In 0.15 mol/L NaCl buffer, the optimal concentration of α-naphthol was 20 mmol/L when the enzyme activity was 2 U.


Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba that is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Its prognosis is potentially poor that requires fast diagnosis and successful treatment. There are two phases in its life cycle: an active trophozoite form and the double-walled resistant cyst. This amoebic genus is the causative agent of two severe diseases in humans: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Acanthamoeba cysts almost remain viable after treatments and lead to serious and frequent recurrence of infection. Resistance of the double walled cysts is mainly due to cellulose molecules presented in the inner layer of the cysts. Thus, cellulose degradation or inhibiting the cellulose synthesis offers a potential strategy for effective treatment of Acanthamoeba. In this non-systematic review we aimed at providing an overview of the cellulose structure, its role in skeletal structure and also physicochemical activity of the protozoa and present it as new drug target for the treatment of amoebic infection. Overall, the degradation of the cyst wall will make amoeba susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs, and at least inhibition of Acanthamoeba excystment, consequently it prevents the recurrence of infection. Furthermore, cellulose synthesis inhibitors cause current drugs to affect on Acanthamoeba in lower time and concentrations. Therefore, using compounds or drugs that inhibit the synthesis of cellulose can be a new treatment for amoebic infections.


In the course of an examination of the waters brought to this laboratory some are occasionally found which are suspected by the owners of the wells to have peculiar properties, from the fact that they seem to produce diuretic effects on strangers using the water. In every case these suspicious waters have been found to be high in nitrates. Formerly it was supposed that the organic substances held in solution in water had an injurious effectper se, but at the present time nitrates in a water in the absence of nitrites and considerable amounts of free ammonia are considered to indicate that the agents in nature that purify a water have done their work, and that all nitrogenous organic matter has been oxidized to a harmless condition, so that an unfavorable environment for pathogenic organisms has been set up. From the observations which follow it seems probable


Financial repression allows governments to borrow at artificially low interest rates. Quantifying financial repression is challenging, because it relies on an estimate of the interest rate which would prevail in the absence of repression. In this paper, we put forward a quantitative business cycle model which features financial repression. We estimate the model on US times series for the period 1948-1979 in order to quantify the extent of financial repression and its impact on the economy.


Customer Relationship Management follows the increasingly necessary movement towards total integrated customer information in order to more adequately serve the needs of both business and consumer by tailoring services and products in the direction of both parties. In the pursuit of data integration, a symbiotic relationship follows, incorporating the synergistic benefits of networking, individualized attention, and customer loyalty yielded from the tenants of cooperation, trust, and information sharing, maximizing on profitability through increased returns on marketing effectiveness. However, obstacles facing customer relationship management include the complexities of the medium, whether it is paper, electronic, or competing electronic databases and paper databases, which in turn can lead to redundancies and an overproduction of customer information. Such redundancies expend time and resources, and alienate customers, thus putting emphasis on the management of customer information to ensure quality. Under such controls, information quality improves, increasing the margin of profit, and reduces extraneous costs. The gist is that integration of various pieces of information about customers gathered all across an organization can improve productivity with the use of proper procedures, standardized definitions of data, and adequate determination of system requirements. This paper discusses the importance of information quality to customer relationship management and the problem of poor information quality, and proposes several hypotheses regarding the impact of different aspects of information quality on the effectiveness of CRM and costs of operations. This paper presents a work in progress.


Phase separation during polymerisation was studied by taking into account in the thermodynamic analysis the generated distribution of polymer species. A model system consisting of a diepoxide based on diglycidylether of bisphenol A, a diamine and castor oil as modifier was considered. One-and two-step polymerisation processes were simulated (in the two-step process a first step was carried out with an epoxy excess up to a particular conversion, stoichiometry was balanced and the reaction continued in a second step). A thermodynamic analysis for a monodisperse modifier-epoxy/amine system was performed taking the polydispersity of the polymer into account. It was shown that the cloud point conversion was decreased when the polymerisation was carried out in two steps. This effect was enhanced for lower stoichiometric ratios (higher epoxy excesses) and higher epoxy conversions in the first step. The dispersed phase became richer in low molecular weight species than the continuous one. In particular both monomers increased their concentration in the dispersed phase.


Fibers from agricultural residues originating from harvesting heart-of-palm, a renewable resource, have been explored to produce composites with low cost and sustainability, from widely available raw materials. This work investigated the influence of fiber mat percentage and UV-accelerated aging on the properties of polyurethane (PU) matrix composites. The highlight is on the dissociation process of extracting the fibrils from peach palm leaves and producing a fiber mat. The hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin contents were determined before and after the dissociation. The mats were incorporated into the matrix by the hand lay-up method corresponding to 6 or 10 wt%. The composites were subjected to accelerated weathering for 90 days and then were characterized by TGA, SEM and tensile testing. The main results indicated that the thermal stability of the composites remained similar to that of neat PU, and the UV-weathering effect on mechanical properties was evident after 90 days of exposure.


Although the author of this article praises Dubai's International Airport (DXB) as a more than adequate facility in terms of architectural sophistication, the new Jebel Ali Airport City the Emirate is scheduled to build by 2015 is still described as necessary for the rapid growth the country's airport industry has been experiencing. This airport, the size of which is to be larger than both London's Heathrow and Chicago's O'Hare combined, is being positioned to be the largest and most technologically adept air terminal in the Middle East, and potentially internationally as well. The two-part infrastructure, comprised of Jebel Ali Airport City (JAAC) and Jebel Ali International Airport (JXB), will cost about Dh30 billion (US$8.1 billion) will have its inaugural component launched in 2007- the Dubai Logistics City (DLC).


During the Nineth"Five-year plan"(1998),Urumqi city Government earnestly declears to Completely renovate atmosphere environment of Urumqi city and return a blue sky to residents of Urumqi city in five years,2001 is the fourth key year,the article looks back implementing condition of "Blue Sky Plan",sum up achivements,expriences and existing problem and puts forward countmeasure and suggestion for solving this probem.


Proposed automation of diagnosing HDL-models of finite state machines using the program ASFTEST. Consider the option restoring the transition graph of HDL-model of machine in the form of an automaton pattern and analysis of bypass all the arcs to find design errors.


Background: Management of flabby ridge differs from patients to patient. It depends on patient"s health and prognosis. Intern"s knowledge about treating flabby ridge patients is analysed in this study. The main aim of this study is to establish intern"s view regarding the management of flabby ridges. Aim: To determine the knowledge of dental interns regarding the management of flabby ridge. Materials and methods : A set of 10 questions is prepared and data is collected among 100 dental interns. The data collected is analysed and the report is made statistically. Result: In this study 100 dental interns have participated around the age of 22 to 25. The results conclude that 50 % to 60% of interns are aware in diagnosing and treating flabby ridge patients whereas rest of them are not aware of it. Conclusion: Thus majority of dental interns agree that surgical or implant retained prosthesis gives more stability and retention in comparison to conventional prosthesis.


Social media is a stage for open far and wide to examine their issues and suppositions. Before knowing the real parts of social media individuals must need to realize what does social media mean? Social media is a term used to portray the cooperation between gatherings or people in which they produce, share, and now and then trade thoughts, pictures, recordings and a lot increasingly over the web and in virtual networks. Youngsters are growing up encompassed by cell phones what's more, intuitive social networking locales, for example, Twitter, MySpace, and Facebook, Orkut which has made the social media a fundamental part of their life. Social system is changing the conduct in which energetic individuals relate with their folks, peers, just as how they utilize innovation.


Induced external solar array disturbances exciting the natural modes of flexible solar arrays can cause significant degradation of pointing performance for any spacecraft, and the design of the spacecraft control system must be able to attenuate these effects. To this end, an accurate dynamic model is necessary to characterize the natural modes of the solar array, so that the control system can be adequately designed. To provide adequate knowledge of the flexible body dynamics for a given flexible array, a complete understanding of the array components is required. This paper chronicles the development, execution, and results of tests performed on an ASTRO mast that serves as the support structure for a Solar Array Flight Experiment (SAFE) type flexible array. The purpose of these tests was to identify the modal parameters of the low frequency mast modes under a known pre-load and various tip masses. Results from these tests are used to characterize the mast stiffness and damping and provide updates to the analytical model, which is then integrated back into the system level solar array model. The solar array system model is then attached to a spacecraft model, where system level modal parameters are generated. These modal parameters are system frequencies (f) in Hertz, damping ratios (ζ) and modal gains (Kb) which are non-dimensional. These parameters describe the open loop structural dynamic characteristics for each flexible mode of the spacecraft system; they are used in the definition of the dynamic model used in control system design.


A similarity parameter is derived to describe surf zone dissipation using the classical energy dissipation model for surf zone bores. This parameter can also be interpreted as a relative beach slope parameter, βγ, and, for shallow water sinusoidal waves, is the ratio of the local beach slope and the local wave steepness (H/L). βγ = 1 defines the boundary between two different energy dissipation regimes. Conditions with βγ < 1 represent over-dissipative conditions, where the classical bore dissipation model provides more dissipation than that required for depth-limited waves (constant H/h) to be maintained. Conditions with βγ > 1 represent under-dissipative conditions, where the bore model provides insufficient dissipation for depth-limited conditions to occur. Conditions with βγ = 1 at the breakpoint lead to locally saturated but not depth-limited surf. Hence, the new similarity parameter distinguishes between saturated and unsaturated surf conditions. Based on this bore dissipation model, an analytical model for the wave height transformation of monochromatic waves on planar beaches is derived. The cross-shore variation in wave height obtained from this model show different functional forms; concave upward for over-dissipative conditions and convex upward for under-dissipative conditions. Further, the analytical model shows that depth-limited conditions within the inner surf zone are not possible with this bore dissipation model and the model assumptions. Additional work is required to determine if this parameter is a useful predictor of other surf zone characteristics. Highlights: We derive a similarity parameter to describe surf zone dissipation. The similarity parameter defines the boundary of two dissipation regimes. The parameter distinguishes between saturated and unsaturated surf conditions. The classical bore dissipation model cannot predict depth-limited wave heights on a plane beach.


We present the design, fabrication and measurements of a smooth walled spline feed horn antenna for the satellite borne climate research instrument STEAMR operating at 340 GHz. A method has been developed which, for a certain desired beam waist, can be used to optimize the horn profile for high Gaussicity and ultra-low sidelobes. The simulated performance of the horn achieves a beam waist of 1.9 mm over the band 323-357 GHz with Gaussian coupling efficiency exceeding 98%. The peak cross-polar sidelobes are below -28 dB over the required frequency band. For cost effective manufacturing with high repeatability, the smooth wall spline profile is drilled in out from a metal block using a custom made broach. To validate the design and fabrication, planar measurements of the phase and amplitude have been performed and from measured E-field vital horn parameters have been extracted.


Summary form only given. Ultrawideband (UWB) radio, sometimes referred to as impulse radio or short pulse radio, has a considerable amount of bandwidth and a small amount of power available under the new FCC regulations that permit its use. This paper illustrates the typical indoor UWB channel with propagation measurements, and explores some of the promising characteristics and technical problems associated with UWB technology through experimental and theoretical work performed at USC's UltRa Laboratory. Specifically, issues related to interference mitigation, signal acquisition, energy capture, antenna matching, etc., are illustrated.


In this study,we aimed to explore whether NOD1 signal pathway was activated in the lungs of mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus(Af).The mice were divided into the normal group and the infected group.The infected mice were sacrificed at time points of 24,48,and 72 h post challenge of Af conidia,while Af burden and pulmonary histopathology were observed at different time points.In infected group,Af burden reached a peak at 48 h and decreased remarkably at 72 h,while severe hyperemia,bleeding and inflammatory cells infiltration were found at 48 h,which were markedly lessened at 72h.But the Af colony was not found and lung tissue structure was normal in normal group.RT-PCR and Western blot showed NOD1 mRNA and RIP2 mRNA expression levels,as well as NF-κBp65 and TNF-αprotein amount were remarkably higher in infected group than those in normal group(P0.05).The highest levels of NOD1 mRNA,RIP2 mRNA,and NF-κBp65 were found at 48 h,while the highest TNF-αlevel was appeared at 72 h (P0.05).Above results demonstrate that NOD1 signal pathway do activated by Af infection in mouse lungs and the innate immunity mediated by NOD1 signal pathway plays a partial role in clearing the fungus and protecting the lung from injury.


Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang is a blended traditional oriental medicine, which consists of seven crude extracts of Bzipleuri radix, Pinetliae ttiber, SZuteltariae r dix, Ziz.yPhi .frticttts, Ginseng radix, Glycvrrhizae radix and Zingiberis rhiaoma. It has been reported (1, 17, 29) that Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang has many pharmacologic efli2cts including anti-inflammatory action, anti-allergic action, immunoactivating action, cell


Cigarette smoking is well recognized as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis in men and women. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a physiologic measure and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an anatomic structural measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of cigarette smoking expressed in package-years on endothelial function evaluated by ultrasonographic measurement of brachial FMD and carotid IMT in four groups of subjects: arterial hypertension [HTN] group, atherogenic dyslipidemia [DYS] group, coronary artery disease, angiographically confirmed [BCV] group and [CON] group. Cigarette smoking, measured in package years was significantly higher in [BCV] group compared to the [DYS] group (p<0.001), the [HTN] group (p<0.001) and the [CON] group (p<0.001). The forearm reactive hyperemic response (FMD) was significantly blunted in [BCV] group (p<0.001) compared to [HTN] group (p<0.001), [DYS] group (p<0.001) and to [CON] group (p<0.001). The patients from [BCV] group had highly significant greater IMT compared to patients from [HTN] group, [DYS] group and [CON] group (p<0.001). In our study, we observed that cigarette smoking induces a significant deterioration of endothelial dysfunction that is dependent of the number of package-years.


Abstract The past decade has witnessed an increase in research on teacher motivation which has been proved a crucial factor closely related to a number of variables in education such as student motivation, educational reform, teaching practice and teachers' psychological fulfilment and well-being. To address the constant calls for teacher motivation research, this paper attempts to pose a comprehensive review of teacher motivation studies conducted from diversified theoretical perspectives. Five research areas related to teacher motivation research have been identified: influencing factors of teacher motivation; teacher motivation and teaching effectiveness; teacher motivation and student motivation; teacher motivation research across different disciplines; and the instruments for assessing teacher motivation. Based on a critique of existing literature in terms of theoretical perspectives, research methodology, research content and concerns about contextual issues, potential directions for future research are finally proposed.


SUMMARY. In Bere Stream three species of adult simuliids, S. ornatum, S. equinum and S. angustipes were parasitized by Sperchon setiger larvae. Trapped adult S. ornatum were more often parasitized than corresponding adults of S. equinum. The lower 95% confidence limits were used as an indication of the relative importance of the statistically significant differences and were high (10.4–33.6%). Laboratory experiments on the occupation of host pupae by pre-parasitic Sperchon setiger larvae also indicated that pupae of S. ornatum were more often occupied than S. equinum. This was confirmed by tests on the difference in percentage occupation of more than 4000 held-collected host pupae. In tests that indicated a significant difference in percentage parasitization between the sexes of the three host species, females were more often parasitized. However, the lower 95% confidence limits for the increase in percentage parasitization of females compared to males were low (0.9–10.2%). The majority of adult simuliids carried only one parasite. The mean number of larvae per trapped parasitized host was significantly greater for S. ornatum (2.69) than for S. equinum (1.77). There was no significant difference between the mean number of parasites carried by the sexes of S. ornatum for each year from 1975 through 1978 but females were significantly more heavily parasitized than males during 1979. The ventral neck region of all three host species is the main attachment site for Sperchon setiger larvae.

The morphology of the pupae of S. ornatum and S. equinum is related to differences in levels of percentage parasitization between these two species. It is suggested that pupal morphology may be the most important factor in the selection of host simuliids by Sperchon setiger larvae.


The fullerene-based PSCs based on novel PNTz4T-1F polymer processed from a halogen-free solvent system demonstrated an outstanding PCE of 11.77% due to the optimum molecular ordering/packing and morphology.


This paper studied of the saline stress on seeds germination of Elymus nutans from different altitude in alpine grassland.The salt tolerance of three Elymus nutans seeds were tested under six salt solutions(0%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1%and 1.2%)by petri dish methods.The results showed that the germination rate increased in the low saline environment.However,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index significantly decreased than the control with the increasing of salt concentration.When the NaCl concentration was up to 1%,the germination potential was zero.Based on comprehensive evaluation of potential indicators including relative germination rate,relative germination potential,germination index the rank of salt tolerance of three Elymus nutans was G3G2G1.The correlation analysis between the salt tolerances of Elymus nutans and the altitudes indicated that there was a positive correlations between the relative germination rate and the altitude of the seeds,there was non-significant negative correlation between the relative germination potential,germination index and the altitude of the seeds.


This research aimed to produce new 1-[(aryl)(3-amino-5-oxopyrazolidin-4-ylidene) methyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives and check their anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4) compound was obtained by hydrolyzing ethyl 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (2) with thiourea and anhydrous potassium carbonate ethanol, which was then treated with ethyl 3-substituted 2-cyanoacrylates (6) in the presence of triethylamine in diethyl formamide to give 1-[2-(ethoxy)carbonyl-2-cyano-1-arylvinyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic (7a,d). Cyclization of compound 7 with hydrazine hydrate ethanol inferred the association of 1-[(aryl)(3 amino-5-oxopyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinol-3-carboxylates (8a,d). Spectroscopic and micro-analytical techniques such as IR, NMR, and elemental analysis were used to validate the structure of the synthesized organic compounds. The anticancer effects of the synthesized compounds 7a–d and 8a–d were tested by using the MTT assay on the MCF-7 cell line. When compared to the reference compound Dox, the compounds 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, and 8c demonstrated strong anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line. The anticancer effects of the synthesized compounds 7a–d and 8a–d were tested against the MCF-7 cell line, using MTT assay. The compounds 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, and 8c showed significant anticancer activity compared to the reference compound Dox against the MCF-7 cell line.


The thesis discusses the maintroubles and the cause which exist in the management of state-owned assets in university,andit alsoputs forward an idea and some ways to deal with on how to strengthen the management of state-owned assets in university.


Micomicona. While Luscinda imitates romance literature and Dorotea parodies it, they come to support one another, forging a form of sorority that affords them a sense of independence from the male-dominated milieu. In her reading of part 2, Triplette observes that the Duchess and her handmaidens' pranks on Don Quijote and Sancho, inspired by the romances they have read, expose chivalric books as inadequate literature. In Cervantes's view, Triplette suggests, women should shy away from chivalric romances and turn their attention to the more edifying literature of authors such as Dante, Ariosto, and Virgil. The chapter on Beatriz Bernal's Cristalián de España succeeds in conveying the exceptional originality of this text. Triplette explains how Bernal, in her "Proemio," "establishes writing as a masculine activity women can usurp" (85) and how she eloquently asserts that women should, by rights, be allowed to gain prominence in public life. The many female characters in Cristalián de España transport the reader to a world wherein women share their common determination to fulfill their intellectual ambitions. It is, in Triplette's words, a "gender-neutral world in which female characters frequently go on adventure" (115). Much of the complexity construing Cristalián de España lies in the severity of the punishments some of these women are inflicted on the grounds of their independence; this is a romance, Triplette concludes, written for women by a woman "offering a message of both hope and caution" (115). Chivalry, Reading, and Women's Culture in Early Modern Spain succeeds not only in examining the female characters in Amadís and Don Quijote but also in cogently and brilliantly bringing Beatriz Bernal and her Cristalián de España to the fore in Spanish Golden Age studies.


Blown extruded polyethylene films without stabilizers have been exposed outdoors under severe weathering conditions in the Sahara. The chemical aspect of aging has been followed by IR spectroscopy. The mechanical aspect of aging has been monitored by means of a nondestructive method. It consists of measuring velocities and attenuations of ultrasonic waves propagating in several directions in the film plane. Stiffness constants and energy dissipation terms have been calculated. From the results obtained it is shown that stiffening of the material leads to an increase of velocities and a decrease of wave attenuation. Moreover, the stiffness constants as well as the energy dissipation terms vary with aging and show a changing anisotropic character of the films. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 559–564, 2003


CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED OF Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae). The phytochemical investigation of Clusia lanceolata leaves yielded fourteen compounds including six flavones, vitexin, isovitexin, isovitexin-2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, vitexin-2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, orientin and isoorientin, two phaeophytins [132-hydroxy-(132-S-)-phaeophytin a and 132-hydroxy-(132-R)-phaeophytin a], two triterpenes, αand β-amyrin, and four steroids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterone and stigmasterone. Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional NMR techniques and comparison with literature data. The antioxidant capacity in vivo of vitexin and mixing isovitexin-2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and vitexin-2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside was evaluated using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the biological system model and hydrogen peroxide as a stressor agent. The results showed that the tested flavonoids were able to protect the yeast cell against the oxidative damage caused by H2O2.


A 90-year-old man with a past medical history including permanent atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease had a single-chamber permanent pacemaker (Accent SR SF PM1210, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) for complete heart block. Device interrogation during followup revealed a ventricular high-rate event. In the accompanying electrogram (EGM; Fig. 1); singlechamber pacing was interrupted by nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) that was initiated after closely coupled double ventricular pacing (VP) stimuli, delivered following a premature ventricular complex (PVC). As marked by the electronic calipers, the initial VP stimulus occurred 50 ms after the onset of PVC1, indicating that PVC1 was not sensed. This initial VP stimulus did not capture the myocardium or trigger an evoked response (ER) due to ventricular refractoriness resulting in the delivery of a high-output backup pulse (4.5 V @ 0.5 ms) that also failed to capture due to ventricular refractoriness. Thereafter PVC2 ( 420 ms after PVC1) initiated nonsustained VT.


p140Cap (Cas‐associated protein) is an adaptor protein considered to play pivotal roles in cell adhesion, growth and Src tyrosine kinase‐related signaling in non‐neuronal cells. It is also reported to interact with a pre‐synaptic membrane protein, synaptosome‐associated protein of 25 kDa, and may participate in neuronal secretion. However, properties and precise functions of p140Cap in neuronal cells are almost unknown. Here we show, using biochemical analyses, that p140Cap is expressed in rat brain in a developmental stage‐dependent manner, and is relatively abundant in the synaptic plasma membrane fraction in adults. Immunohistochemistry showed localization of p140Cap in the neuropil in rat brain and immunofluorescent analyses detected p140Cap at synapses of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Electron microscopy further revealed localization at pre‐ and post‐synapses. Screening of p140Cap‐binding proteins identified a multidomain adaptor protein, vinexin, whose third Src‐homology 3 domain interacts with the C‐terminal Pro‐rich motif of p140Cap. Immunocomplexes between the two proteins were confirmed in COS7 and rat brain. We also clarified that a pre‐synaptic protein, synaptophysin, interacts with p140Cap. These results suggest that p140Cap is involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse formation/maintenance, and signaling.


The invention relates to a robot-cooling system for cooling of a robot, particularly a painting robot or a handling robot in a paint. The robotic cooling system according to the invention comprises at least one robot assembly (44-49, 52, 53, 56, 57) constituting a heat source and is to be cooled, in particular a drive motor (44-49, 52, 53, 56, 57), a robot transmission or an electrically operated application component. Furthermore, the robotic cooling system according to the invention a primary circuit (21-23), in which a primary coolant (z. B. cooling water) circulated to the robot assembly (44-49, 52, 53, 56, 57) to cool the forms a heat source. The robotic cooling system according to the invention is distinguished over the prior art through a secondary circuit (24), in which a secondary coolant (eg. As compressed air) flows, wherein the secondary circuit (24) the heat from the primary circuit (21-23) dissipates.


The present study aimed to describe epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, and pathological findings of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in ruminants from the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A total of seven ruminants (five sheep, one cattle, and one goat) with pathological diagnosis of PEM were included. Four cases were associated with thiamine deficiency, on account of chronic ruminal acidosis caused by diets rich in carbohydrate, with mainly concentrates, ground soybean hulls, and melon. Three ruminants from an outbreak of petroleum poisoning presented macro and microscopic lesions consistent with changes of malacia and edema in deep structures of the brain, as described in ruminants with PEM associated with sulfur intoxication. Major macroscopic changes included congestion of cerebral vessels, edema, and herniation of the cerebellum. The most observed microscopic lesions, among all assessed cases, were laminar and segmental neuronal necrosis at different regions of the brain, spongiosis, nuclear pyknosis, and red nucleus neurons. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed nonspecific alterations, requiring its association with epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings, as the results described here are similar to those reported in toxic diseases with neurological manifestations, such as botulism.


Creativity and operative sensibility in using English language these days get a paramount importance in our professional lives. In the context of the communication explosion today, particularly in teaching of English as a second language (ESL) situation, there is a need to study the importance of creative aspect of English by both the learners and the teachers. It will certainly become immensely useful in developing among them the productive skills such as material production, script writing, film appreciation, public speech making and even editing for the media in their academic lives. It is the language user, particularly the second language learner, who is called upon and is expected to be fluent and accurate in the present scenario.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome of major trauma patients in the Netherlands. Summary Background Data: Major trauma patients highly rely on immediate access to specialized services, including ICUs, shortages caused by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may influence their outcome. Methods: A multi-center observational cohort study, based on the Dutch National Trauma Registry was performed. Characteristics, resource usage, and outcome of major trauma patients (injury severity score ≥16) treated at all trauma-receiving hospitals during the first COVID-19 peak (March 23 through May 10) were compared with those treated from the same period in 2018 and 2019 (reference period). Results: During the peak period, 520 major trauma patients were admitted, versus 570 on average in the pre-COVID-19 years. Significantly fewer patients were admitted to ICU facilities during the peak than during the reference period (49.6% vs 55.8%; P=0.016). Patients with less severe traumatic brain injuries in particular were less often admitted to the ICU during the peak (40.5% vs 52.5%; P=0.005). Moreover, this subgroup showed an increased mortality compared to the reference period (13.5% vs 7.7%; P=0.044). These results were confirmed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. In addition, a significant increase in observed versus predicted mortality was recorded for patients who had a priori predicted mortality of 50% to 75% (P=0.012). Conclusions: The COVID-19 peak had an adverse effect on trauma care as major trauma patients were less often admitted to ICU and specifically those with minor through moderate brain injury had higher mortality rates.


Random lasing is a phenomenon in which light amplification is favoured by a disordered environment[1]. A vast body of research exists that endorses the exciting physics seen in such media[2-4]. Hitherto, however, these systems have always been studied in the self-amplification mode where the spontaneous fluorescence of the medium is amplified. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the amplification of an external coherent signal by a random amplifying system. This is the first such demonstration, which has potential applications in optical amplifiers, frequency control of random lasers[5,6] etc.


The thermal equilibrium state of a bipolar, isothermal quantum fluid confined to a bounded domain Ω⊂ℝd, d = 1, 2 or d = 3 is the minimizer of the total energy [Escr ]ελ; [Escr ]ελ involves the squares of the scaled Planck's constant ε and the scaled minimal Debye length λ. In applications one frequently has λ2[Lt ]1. In these cases the zero-space-charge approximation is rigorously justified. As λ → 0, the particle densities converge to the minimizer of a limiting quantum zero-space-charge functional exactly in those cases where the doping profile satisfies some compatibility conditions. Under natural additional assumptions on the internal energies one gets an differential-algebraic system for the limiting (λ = 0) particle densities, namely the quantum zero-space-charge model. The analysis of the subsequent limit ε → 0 exhibits the importance of quantum gaps. The semiclassical zero-space-charge model is, for small ε, a reasonable approximation of the quantum model if and only if the quantum gap vanishes. The simultaneous limit ε = λ → 0 is analyzed.


We tested the hypothesis that enhanced tubular chymase protein expression in diabetic kidneys activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Diabetic (
 db/db)
 and control (
 db/m
 ) mice were studied during prediabetes, type II diabetes, and progression to type I diabetes at 5-, 18-, and 36-wks of age, respectively. In 5-wk-old diabetic (n=11), body weights (25.6 ± 0.7 vs 20.3 ± 0.6 g) were significantly increased, while plasma glucose (143 ± 29 vs 160 ± 13 mg/dL) and insulin (1.2 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/L) levels were not different than control (n=11) mice. In 18-wk-old diabetic (n=8) mice, body weights (53.7 ± 0.7 vs 29.7 ± 0.3 g), blood glucose (400 ± 16 vs 137 ± 6 mg/dL), and insulin (20 ± 6 vs 1.9 ± 0.7 μg/L) levels were increased compared to control (n=9) mice. In 36-wk-old diabetic (n=7), body weights (33 ± 3 vs 40 ± 2 g) were decreased, plasma glucose levels (552 ± 40 vs 220 ± 21 mg/dL) increased, and insulin levels (0.8 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.1 μg/L) not different from control (n=8) mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed chymase localization to apical membranes of principal cells of connecting tubules and collecting ducts. Densitometric analyses revealed that diabetic renal papillary chymase immunostaining levels were 4 to 28 fold higher relative to control papilla at all ages (p≤0.05). In 5-wk-old diabetic mice, renal cortical chymase expression was increased 1.8 ± 0.3 fold, but decreased to 0.5 ± 0.1 fold in 36-wk-old diabetic compared to control mice (p≤0.05). Relative amiloride-sensitive Na
 +
 currents were increased by chymase (5 μg/mL) perfused
 Xenopus laevis
 oocytes injected with α-, β-, and γ- ENaC (1.57 ± 0.08; n=6) relative to mock control (1.13 ± 0.02; n=3) oocytes (p≤0.01). In conclusion, these are the first studies to demonstrate chymase protein localization to the ENaC expressing principal cells of the distal nephron. Papillary chymase expression is unique to prediabetic and diabetic kidneys and does not correlate with glycemia, insulinemia, or body weight. Elevated renal chymase expression may serve as an early biomarker for prediabetic patients with a high risk of developing diabetic renal disease. Enhanced chymase activity, associated with diabetes mellitus, may increase ENaC activity, potentially leading to hypertension and diabetic renal disease.


AbstractThe present paper focuses on a methodology for the optimal design of a rubble-mound breakwater using a probabilistic analysis. In this (optimization) problem formulation, the total construction cost is minimized, subject to the constraints related to geometry, safety margins in different failure modes (overtopping armor instability failure, toe erosion, and settlement failure), and acceptable yearly failure rate (a value indicating chance of failure). The aforementioned method is illustrated by its application to the design of a multilayer rubble-mound breakwater that is under construction at Thalai Fishing Harbour, Thalassery, Kerala, India. Then the derived optimal design is compared with the results of conventional design. The comparative study reveals that the proposed probabilistic design resulted in a better economical design.


We discuss the possible operation of the UK New Light Source in the single spike regime with photon energies up to 1 keV. The optimisation process of the beam dynamics in the single spike regime is outlined and we present the results of full start-to-end simulations to show that sub-fs pulses can be obtained with interesting power levels. The analysis of the jitter of the SASE output characteristic is also reported.


We sought to execute a psychosocial analysis of a Theological Catholic Seminary where live 50 seminarians in boarding system, at the final stage of formation to priesthood; once ordained, they will be settled in relevant positions that comprise in the coordination of large parish communities. Applying a theoretical tool of institutional analysis, we mapped institutional subjectivityoperators from the pedagogical device in the Seminary. We show data related to participative observation obtained in research field. Besides the operators present in the official and institutional discourse, we found out that the Seminary contrives in daily practice other procedures, which may be designated as totalitarian and disciplinary, producing a priest with clerical profile.


s Jody Enders, Music, Delivery, and the Rhetoric of Memory in Guillaume de Machaut's Remede de Fortune 450 Recent work on the momentous implications of mouvance and on the fluidity of genres in medieval literature has only begun to excavate the wealth of extant commentaries on the interplay during performance of rhetoric, poetry, music, dance, and drama in early cultures. Even today, Guillaume de Machaut's fourteenth-century Remede de Fortune offers compelling testimony about the generative and regenerative harmony between images and speech—themselves engendered and preserved by that most egregiously neglected rhetorical canon memoria. Long cited by poets, musicians, rhetoricians, and dramatists as crucial to their arts, mnemonics constitutes a complex epistemological framework by which to restore the lost dynamism to a literary corpus—lyric poetry— that enacted each of those arts. As the conceptual precursor to literary invention, memory collapses our current distinctions between seeing, saying, and singing, between visual, virtual, and actual performances, thus assisting us in revising our conceptions not only of performance but of genre as well. (JE) Marshall Brown, Unheard Melodies: The Force of Form 465 Music is the realm where meaning is not ruined by saying. With the phrase "unheard melodies," Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn" evokes the unspeakable in a passage whose logic has collapsed. Literally unheard melodies, along with related phenomena, appear in music by Schumann, Tchaikovsky, Strauss, Schonberg, and Beethoven; each hidden melody resonates with the expressive structure of the piece containing it—with the felt idea that performance must actuate. Unseen pictures in paintings function similarly. Thus in unheard melodies thought acts unmediated by utterance. They—and not the Imaginary—are the Platonic ideal Mallarme sought. They show how form is power


The popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing software has created a pressing need for digital music providers to resolve copyright and piracy problems of disseminating digital music through the Internet. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology ensures protection of rights for distributed music over the Internet. Existing DRM systems emphasize protection based on business-to-consumer (B2C) distribution model, but do not tackle protection on a consumer-to-consumer (C2C) distribution model. This paper proposes a license management model to support not only typical music distribution models from music distributor to consumer (B2C), but also peer consumer to peer consumer (C2C) distribution model. The proposed license management model consists of two types of licenses, namely official licenses and peer licenses. These licenses are to be implemented in XrML. The concepts of these licenses facilitate both B2C and C2C distribution models. Functionality tests of the proposed model with certain common peer-to-peer sharing activities have been conducted.


Abstract The aim of this note is to present desk rejections made by EAR in 2016 and also to provide some suggestions to authors in order to avoid these desk rejections.


In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the higher order partial difference equation of the form


Many people believe that if you identify as a particular gender, then you are that gender. This paper is my attempt at making sense of this claim. I propose to conceive of genders as names: determined by the individual and not requiring any specific biological or psychological qualities, yet still important to the bearer.


Pipeline transport plays a key role in the infrastructure of the oil and gas complex in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is the most efficient type of hydrocarbon transportation and currently dominates in terms of freight traffic in the Russian Arctic. Among the shortcomings of this type of transport, one can single out a very high cost of investment in construction, as well as the threat of damage to the nature of the region. An alternative option for transporting hydrocarbons produced in the Arctic region of Russia is the export of oil, liquefied gas and gas condensate by sea tankers.

To solve a number of problems that have arisen during the exploitation of the Arctic hydrocarbon resources, spatial analysis and an integrated cartographic assessment of the current transport situation are necessary.

As a result of the research, a series of thematic maps of the transport infrastructure of the oil and gas complex of the Russian Arctic was created (scale 1 : 20 000 000). An integrated mapping method has been implemented that takes into account the environmental, technological, transport and economic characteristics of pipeline transport. Assessment and forecast indicators were developed. Thematic content includes: resource potential of the industry; centers for the extraction, storage and processing of oil and gas; network of trunk pipelines with classification according to the number of branches and the diameter of the pipes; existing and potential hydrocarbons delivery routes; the degree of impact of hazardous natural processes and phenomena on the components of the oil and gas complex.

The developed maps make it possible to objectively assess the state of the pipeline transport of hydrocarbons in the Arctic region of Russia and can serve as an essential part of the system for making responsible decisions on modernizing the infrastructure of the oil and gas complex to ensure sustainable development and safe operation.


A new voltammetric method has been proposed to determine the corrosion rates of mild steel in 2N HCI with and without diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP) inhibitor at short time intervals. Significantly, it has also been possible to determine simultaneously the corrosion rates with respect to Fe(lJ) and Fe(III). These results have been compared with the average corrosion rates obtained using gravimetric (planned interval test method).


This article considers the experiences of Dutch and Indonesian women in enforced prostitution for the Japanese military during World War Two and the activism of prominent survivors and their supporters from the 1990s. It highlights how and why Japanese activists have continued to support these women and why Dutch and Indonesian women have rarely engaged in joint activism. It analyses how Dutch and Indonesian women's stories are presented together in a 2015-2016 exhibition at the Women's Active Museum on War and Peace in Tokyo and how women's and soldiers' testimonies are used to advocate further redress from the Japanese government and to challenge military sexual violence against women. The article assesses how a sustained focus in transnational activism on Japanese responsibility and the Japanese imperial context potentially leads to overlooking how localised forms of patriarchy and the specific context of this former Dutch colony affected women's experiences and their post war treatment.


Objective: To evaluate the correlation between adenoid hypertrophy and chronic rhinosinusitis in pre-school children.Methods: 60 cases of pre-school children with adenoid hypertrophy and chronic rhinosinusitis underwent CT consecutively.Grade of rhinosinusitis and A/N ration of adenoid were measured,furthermore the correlation analysis between them was performed.Results: There were 18 cases with grade 1 adenoid hypertrophy,whose mean CT score was(6.3±2.5),while 23 cases with grade 2 and(11.4±3.1) scores,19 cases with grade 3 and(13.8±4.3) scores.There was a significant difference in CT score and A/N ration between different grades(r=0.435,P0.05).Conclusion: The correlation between adenoid hypertrophy and chronic rhino sinusitis does exist,we should be aware of that while diagnosis and treat either of the two diseases.


Objective:To explore the clinical curative effects and safety of Paroxetine combined with a small amount of Doxepin in the treatment of old age depression.Methods:60 patients with of old age depression were randomly divided into study group(Paroxetine combined with a small amount of Doxepin group) and the control group(Paroxetine group) 30 cases each,Respectively,Taking Paroxetine combined with a small amount of Doxepin and Paroxetine treatment lasted 8 weeks.Clinical efficacies were assessed with the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)、 the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and the Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness(CGI-SI) and adverse reactions with the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS) before treatment and after treatment.Results: The study group in the treatment of 2,4,6,8 weekend HAMA total score falls faster than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),Study Group HAMA the less points rate higher than that of the control group were statistically significant differences(P0.05) in the treatment of the first 2,4 weekend.Study Group 8 weeks of treatment HAMD total score decreased significantly faster than the control group difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Study Group in the treatment of the first 2,8 weekend HAMD reduction rate higher than that of the control group difference was statistically significant(P0.05 or P0.01).The study group after 8 weeks of treatment the total effective rate was 80.00%,and 70.00% of the control group,the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).The remarkable efficiency of the study group was 50.00% and 28.13% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The adverse reaction rate was 50.00% higher than the 23.33%,but the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions: More effective than Paroxetine combined with a small amount of Doxepin in the treatment of senile depression with Paroxetine group and mild adverse reactions.


Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well-established neurotrophin that plays a role in the pathophysiology of numerous psychiatric disorders. Many studies have investigated the serum BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia. However, there are restricted data in the literature that compare the serum BDNF levels in patients with deficit and nondeficit syndromes. In this study, we aimed to compare the serum BDNF levels between schizophrenic patients with deficit or nondeficit syndrome and healthy controls. Methods After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients were grouped as deficit syndrome (N=23) and nondeficit syndrome (N=35) according to the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. Three groups were compared in terms of the sociodemographic and clinical variants and serum BDNF levels. Results The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. The serum BDNF levels in patients with deficit syndrome were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. In contrast, the serum BDNF levels in patients with nondeficit syndrome were similar to those in healthy controls. Conclusion This study suggests that decreased BDNF levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenic patients with deficit syndrome. Nonetheless, additional studies using a larger patient sample size are needed to investigate the serum BDNF levels in schizophrenic patients with deficit syndrome.


Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a series of compounds possessing different structures,which can be combined with estrogen receptor,and show the effects of estrogen agonist or antagonist with the difference of target tissue and hormone in body. They can be used for treatment of the diseases related to the level of estrogen in menopausal women. The structure-activity relationship and development of SERMs for treatment of breast cancer were reviewed.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Although most pregnancies after assisted reproduction are associated with a favorable outcome for the mother and infant, reports of abnormal vascular adaptation in early pregnancy and emerging maternal and perinatal pathology warrant further investigations. Herein we extended our previous work and further examined whether perturbations of blood pressure and endothelial function during the first trimester in conceptions with nonphysiological corpus luteum (CL) numbers would persist through the third trimester of pregnancy and into the postpartum period. We investigated both maternal and perinatal outcomes. Participants were grouped according to CL number and method of conception: 0 CL (programmed autologous frozen-thawed embryo transfer, N=10–18); 1 CL (spontaneous conception [N=16] and natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer [N=12]); or >3 CL associated with autologous fresh embryo transfer [N=8–12]. Augmentation index was higher during the third trimester in the absence of a CL compared to 1 CL (P=0.03) and in frozen-thawed embryo transfer in a programmed compared to a natural cycle (P=0.02). Moreover, baseline pulse-wave amplitude was higher in >3 CL conceptions at all time points (all P<0.05). The incidence of preeclampsia and preeclampsia with severe features was significantly higher in the absence of a CL compared to the presence of one or >3 CL (P=0.045 and P=0.03). Infants from conceptions with >3 CL had lower birth weights (P=0.02) and a higher rate of low birth weight offspring (P=0.008). Deficient vascular adaptation during early gestation in conceptions with nonphysiological CL numbers might predispose women to adverse pregnancy outcomes, for example, preeclampsia.


Due to the increasing demand of low cost solutions for RF and microwave communication systems, the microstrip flat antenna, has undergone tremendous growth recently. Though the models used in analyzing microstrip structures have been widely accepted, the effect of curvature on antenna performance has not been studied in detail. Low profile, low weight, low cost and its ability of conforming to curve surfaces. Applications of microstrip structures include planes, rocket, radars and communication industry. Some advantages of conformal antennas over the planer microstrip structure include, easy installation, randome not needed, capability of embedded structure within composite aerodynamic surfaces. Study of the characteristics of conformal microstrip rectangular antenna located on the cylindrical surface are given in the paper. Software FEKO was used for electromagnetic simulation of antenna characteristics. Optimization design of planar microstrip antenna for minimum VSWR made in the article. Generalized dependences of the radius of curvature of the antenna resonant frequency at different orientations of microstrip antennas on cylindrical surface is obtained. It is shown that with decreasing curvature of the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted towards higher frequencies with the deformation of the antenna on a cylindrical surface in the E-plane, whereas when the deformation of the antenna on a cylindrical surface in the H-plane with decreasing curvature of the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted in the direction of decreasing frequency. For conformal microstrip antenna the place of feed, optimal from the point of view of minimum VSWR is not the same as with the case of a flat antenna and place of feed point depends on the radius of curvature. It is shown that the curvature of the microstrip antenna greatly affects VSWR and return loss.


As an independent concept the right of privacy is a relative latecomer to the system of individual rights. It made its first appearance in American law as a tort, a civil suit for damages or an injunction to protect against an unwarranted invasion by others of the vague "right to be let alone."' Originated by Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis in their famous article in the Harvard Law Review in 1890,2 the privacy tort was given structure by Dean William L. Prosser in 19603 and broader dimensions by Professor Edward J. Bloustein4 and Professor Alan F. Westin 5 shortly thereafter. In the form of a constitutional right against governmental interference with the inner zones of space necessary to individual dignity and autonomy, a right of privacy was first established in Griswold v. Connecticut6 in 1965. A right of privacy, in the form of protection against government disclosure of the personal affairs of an individual under right to know principles, came to the fore with the passage of the Federal Freedom of Information


This paper reports the first known free vibration solutions for thin circular plates with V-notches having various edge conditions. The classical Ritz method is employed with 2 sets of admissible functions assumed for the transverse vibratory displacements. These sets include: 1) mathematically complete algebraic-trigonometric polynomials which guarantee convergence to exact frequencies as sufficient terms are retained; and 2) corner functions to account for the bending moment singularities at the sharp re-entrant corner of the V-notch. Extensive convergence studies summarized herein confirm that the corner functions substantially enhance the convergence and accuracy of nondimensional frequencies for circular plates having a free circumferential edge and various combinations edge conditions of the V-notch. Accurate (5 significant figures) frequencies are presented for clamped-free, clamped-hinged, and hinged-free notches for the spectra of notch angles, causing a re-entrant vertex corner of the radial edges. For very small notch angles, a clamped-free, clamped-hinged, or hinged-free radial crack ensues. One general observation is that, for the range of notch angles considered, there is a substantial increase in the first 6 frequencies as the notch depth increases. The frequency increase with increasing notch depth is more pronounced in the higher modes than the lower ones, and is quite substantial for segmental plates with notch angles equal to 180 deg. A large reduction in frequencies is also observed as the notch angle decreases at a constant notch depth. A new database of accurate frequencies and mode shapes for sectorial, semicircular and segmental plates is presented with which future solutions drawn from alternative numerical procedures and finite element and boundary element techniques may be compared. Normalized contours of the transverse vibratory displacement are shown for plates with various notch depths and notch angles of 5, 30, 60, 90, and 180 deg.


The current of inflammatory periodontal diseases at patients with liver cirrhosis at class of the liver cirrhosis, liver insufficiency and cholestasis is associated. The periodontal pathology at patients with liver cirrhosis arises on a background of increase of quantit nitric oxideand endothelin-1-like cells.


The marbles are significant coating materials in today's architecture. In this study, the investigation point is about the applied samples of marbles at the surface of the buildings. It is aimed to search the marble samples that aie applied as either wall tiles or floor tiles. However the problems are investigated in the applying process of the marbles and also in details. The buildings in the campus region of the University of Selçuk, Konya have been chosen as the study samples. In this study it has been worked on the natural stone materials like marbles, granites and travertines At the first chapter it is aimed to search the problems faced in the applying process of the


Abstract. While political radicalism has most often been associated with the working class, there have been instances of middle class radical movements. In the 1960s Frank Parkin developed a theory which attempted to distinguish between the two class forms of political radicalism. In the light of the social and political developments of recent decades, which have seen several examples of middle class political radicalism, this article attempts to assess the continuing validity of Parkin's argument through an analysis of survey responses from young people in Denmark. The results show some inconsistency not only with Parkin's theory, but also with the arguments of both Marxist and postmaterialist theories, and suggest that more detailed empirical research is needed on the relationship between social class and political radicalism.


Digitally tracking our health and lifestyle has become a pervasive everyday practice for many of us. The emergence of the smartphone, mobile applications (apps), devices, and wearable technologies have enabled a dramatic growth in the use of self-tracking technologies, and social media platforms, presenting new opportunities to mediate health, wellness, and lifestyle practices. The global mobile health app market was valued at approximately $37billion in 2019 (http://statistica.com">statistica.com) and is expected to generate around $111.1billion by 2025 (Zion Market Research, 2018). As of the beginning of 2019, there are 3.484billion active social media users globally (http://wearesocial.com">wearesocial.com). Tracking and monitoring health and lifestyle, however, is nothing new. For centuries, people have reflexively monitored aspects of their personal lives, daily habits, and food consumption, often in the form of keeping diaries (Rettberg, 2014). Digital applications, however, present new interactive spaces from which to capture these everyday health-related habits, and to share such data and content on a variety of platforms for other users, networks, and communities to engage with. Performing these "health(y)" identities for the communities' gaze is frequently achieved through the careful inclusion and exclusion of certain foods, and representations of health and lifestyle (Kent, 2018, 2020a). Self-tracking, therefore, can be understood as both a qualitative and quantitative practice, with data generated being both numbers and statistics related to quantifiable food and health metrics (such as calorie counting and exercise tracking), as well as photographic representations of the body, and food consumption (such as #foodporn and fitness "selfies"), which all provide the ability to capture the multi-dimensional aspects of one's health and lifestyle into aesthetically pleasing and interactive content. The sheer abundance of data and nutritional information circulated by lay people, nutritionists, clinicians, and "influencers" on health apps (like Fitbit and MyFitnessPal) and social media 144(such as Facebook, Instagram, and WeChat) further complicates health (mis)information within these competitive and comparative digital food cultures, as many users become "experts" on managing and optimising "good" health (Kent, 2020a). These mediated, performed, and curated practices enable a new articulation, representation, and way of understanding our bodies, health, and identity.


AbstractStuties on the breast-feeding and related practices among infant and preschool children of western Orissa reveals that breast-milk continue to occupy a place of pre- eminence in infant-feed...


Provided is an ink feed apparatus and an ink-jet recording apparatus, which can stably keep ink pipes relative to the follow-up deformation of the ink pipes. The ink feed apparatus comprises an ink jar (51) arranged outside a carriage (41) and providing ink to a print head unit (42), four ink pipes (52) connecting the ink jar (51) to the print head unit (42) and deform along the reciprocating motion of the carriage (41), and a guide piece unit (114) making the four ink pipes (52) bend at the movable side end portion thereof capable of follow-up deformation for guiding the print head unit (42), wherein the guide piece unit (114) is arranged upon the carriage (42) and consists of a guide piece main body (128) for a guiding groove (127) which makes the four ink pipes (52) bend at one plane and a pipe-pressing mechanism (129, 130) pressing the four ink pipes.


This chapter takes up the question of how to motivate the crucial 'Non-Contingency' premise in the Tolerance Puzzles introduced in Chapter 2, a question that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature on these puzzles. We articulate and set aside some dubious motivations for the premise, including motivations which assimilate Tolerance Puzzles to the well-known Sorites Paradox. In place of these, we develop a 'Security Argument' for Non-contingency, based on the thought that it is not just a matter of chance or luck that we avoid error in believing the Tolerance premise.


Introduction and Purpose: It is well documented that breast cancer that African American women have the lowest breast cancer survival rate among any ethnic group. Higher mortality rates attribute, at least in part, to the lower rate of mammography screening among African American women. Current research suggest there are a variety of factors why socio-economically underserved women do not seek mammograms: 1) lack of referral for physician, 2) lack of insurance, 3) financial concerns, 4) difficulty scheduling appointments, and 5) lack of culturally responsive programs aimed at education and prevention. Traditional health promotion models do not take into account the importance of shared socio-cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and experiences unique to this population when designing community-based cancer screening and prevention activities for underserved women. The purpose of this study was increase awareness for breast cancer screening in underserved populations by providing culturally appropriate social support and information. The key to providing culturally appropriate support and information to medically underserved woman began with the recognition and respect for a diverse group. Competence was dependent upon a strong social and cultural connection and understanding between outreach workers and women in the community. Methods: This study utilized Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to develop and test the effectiveness of providing a breast cancer educational program to underserved African American women. A 45 minute skit, Hats off to Cancer, was developed by key stakeholders in the community and used storytelling to honor and incorporate five different cultural experiences with breast cancer prevention and diagnosis. The program was evaluated using a pre-test questionnaire and 3 month follow-up telephone questionnaire regarding breast cancer attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. The culturally sensitive approach to this program took into account the socio-economic and psychosocial barriers impeding a woman's access to breast health information and services. To appropriately address the issues, testimonials and stories ranged from personal experiences dealing with self-breast examinations (SBE), clinical breast examinations (CBE), early detection, diagnosis and survivorship with an emphasis on early detection. A total of 496 African American women completed the program and pre/post test questionnaires. Results: Findings revealed significant changes in pre and post test breast cancer attitudes, knowledge, and behavior (p=.01). Results also showed that 99% of participants strongly agreed or agreed they would recommend the Hats off to Cancer program to a friend. Similarly, over 98% strongly agreed or agreed they enjoyed and learned something new from the program. Implications: Identifying and engaging key stakeholders and community leaders is essential in the success of providing services and conducting CBPR in underserved, minority communities. The current project involved an agency that had worked many years to establish respect and trust among community leaders in providing culturally relevant health promotion programs. The early commitments of the agency, to provide education and support to empower women to better understand and practice appropriate breast care, have evolved into a "shared ownership" with surrounding communities.


In modern object-oriented computer systems the internal state of the entire system consists of the internal states of many objects, probably distributed over a heterogeneous network of computers. The man machine interaction in such an application is based on the visualization of states on one hand and the modification of states in combination with event generation on the other hand. This paper describes concept and realization of a reusable service for general man machine communication.


Ninety-one autopsy cases without overt thyroid disease were studied histologically and compared with serum anti-thyroid antibodies in relation to their histological findings. The thyroid was divided into 16--20 serial slices 44/#5mm thick. Each slice was sectioned into a 2.512 thickness for microscopic observation, and the sections were stained with hematoxylin-and-eosin. Blood samples were obtained from the right atrium of the heart of each of the autopsy cases. The serum was then separated by centrifugation and stored at 20°C until the assay. Anti-thyroglobulin and thyroid-microsomal antibodies were measured by the tanned red cell hemagglutination technique, using commercially available kits (Thyroid test and Microsome test, Fujizoki Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo). A serial four-fold dilution of an original 1:20 or more was regarded as positive. The following results were obtained: 1) Of the 91 autopsy cases, 16 cases had lymphocytic infiltration in their thyroids. The incidence of cases with lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid was two times as high in the females as it was in the males. 2) 16 cases had anti-thyroid antibodies (12 with MCHA, 2 with TGHA, 2 with MCHA and TGHA).


This article studies the relationship between governance and entrepreneurship, with a specific focus on Lebanon. In Lebanon, fragility and hybridity — manifested in violent conflict and sectarian oligopolies — undermine entrepreneurial activities, among others through its impact on electricity supply. It is found here that hybrid governance results in inflated electricity prices and reduced electricity reliability, undermining business competitiveness and limiting innovative entrepreneurship. The article's contributions lie in providing a deeper understanding of entrepreneurship in fragile states and showing not merely that, but precisely how, governance matters for developmental entrepreneurship.


There are not many disciplines in which the undergraduate student can make a valid contribution to the stock of recorded fact while deriving educational benefit from the process, but architecture is one of them. The chief means by which the architectural student can do this is the measured drawing, which as a recording device rather than a transmitter of "exemplars" for the eclectic has made a notable comeback in the past ten or twelve years. The revival of the Historic American Buildings Survey has had much to do with this, and so has the National Park Service summer program for students, which was described by Ernest Allen Connally under the title "Preserving the American Tradition" in the AIA Journal for May 1961. Most school programs are undertaken in concert with the HABS. One that has been in operation three years, the HABS Measured Drawing Project at Carnegie Institute of Technology, is described in the May 1962 issue of Charette, the publication of the Pennsylvania Society of Architects, under the...


Recently, Tanaka et al. have synthesized an organometallic supramolecular double decker macrocycle for encapsulating fullerene C70. We investigate this captivating system consisting of about 500 atoms with the robust quantum mechanical tight binding method GFN2-xTB and evaluate our computational results against an experimentally measured change in association free energy (?Ga). Further, GFN2-xTB was used to screen higher fullerene isomers and predict the best binding guest for this specific macrocycle.


The present invention provides a method for producing a connector (100), in particular for repair, in particular in the field of aviation and aerospace, comprising the steps of: providing a base layer (102); attaching a first layer (200) of fibre composite material having a first rigidity to the base layer (102); attaching a second layer (202) of fibre composite material having a second rigidity to the first layer (200), offset therefrom, the second rigidity being greater than the first rigidity; and riveting the first layer (200) to the base layer (102) and riveting the second layer (202) to the first layer (200) and to the base layer (102).