Scheduling Any operating system is likely to run with more processes than the computer has processors, and so some plan is needed to time share the processors between the processes. An ideal plan is transparent to user processes. A common approach is to provide each process with the illusion that it has its own virtual processor, and have the operating system multiplex multiple virtual processors on a single physical processor. Xv6 adopts this approach. If two processes want to run on a single CPU, xv6 multiplexes them, switching many times per second between executing one and the other. This multiplexing creates the illusion that each process has its own CPU, just as xv6 used the memory allocator and hardware segmentation to create the illusion that each process has its own memory. Implementing multiplexing has a few challenges. First, how to switch from one process to another? Xv6 uses the standard mechanism of context switching; although the idea is simple, the code to implement is typically among the most opaque code in an operating system. Second, how to do context switching transparently? Xv6 uses the standard technique of using the timer interrupt handler to drive context switches. Third, many CPUs may be switching among processes concurrently, and a locking plan is necessary to avoid races. Fourth, when a process has exited its memory and other resources must be freed, but it cannot do all of this itself because (for example) it can't free its own kernel stack while still using it. Xv6 tries to solve these problems as simply as possible, but nevertheless the resulting code is tricky. xv6 must provide ways for processes to coordinate among themselves. For example , a parent process may need to wait for one of its children to exit, or a process reading on a pipe may need to wait for some other process to write the pipe. Rather than make the waiting process waste CPU by repeatedly checking whether the desired event has happened, xv6 allows a process to give up the CPU and sleep waiting for an event, and allows another process to wake the first process up. Care is needed to avoid races that result in the loss of event notifications. As an example of these problems and their solution, this chapter examines the implementation of pipes. At a low level, xv6 performs two kinds of context switches: from a process's kernel …


Thirty‐eight‐negative kinase 1 (TNK1) is a poorly characterized non‐receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) first isolated from umbilical cord blood. TNK1 differs from most NRTKs in that it possesses a functional ubiquitin association (UBA) domain at its C‐terminus. We previously observed that the TNK1 UBA domain interacts with a variety of poly‐ubiquitin chains, is essential for full TNK1 activation, and facilitates the clustering of active TNK1 into ubiquitin‐rich condensates.1 Paradoxically, a genetic inversion that truncates the TNK1 C‐terminus (including the UBA domain) in human lymphoma hyperactivates the kinase and coverts it into an oncogenic driver. Our current research focuses on how deletion of the UBA, which is important for native TNK1 function, helps activate the kinase. Here we show that immediately adjacent to the UBA domain on TNK1 is an inhibitory 14‐3‐3 binding site, which is also truncated in lymphoma. Furthermore, point mutations that disrupt the 14‐3‐3 binding site are sufficient to convert TNK1 into a hyperactive oncogenic kinase. In addition, we show that although truncation of the UBA perturbs the normal function of TNK1, it also stabilizes TNK1 protein levels. Thus, the lymphoma‐associated truncations in TNK1 activate and stabilize the kinase, resulting in a highly expressed and active TNK1. Finally, we show that truncation of the 14‐3‐3 binding site and UBA domain of TNK1 is sufficient to transform pro‐B cells to growth factor‐independence and grow tumors in vivo. Thus, our data explain how genetic inversions convert TNK1 into an oncogenic driver in human cancers.


The paper describes the system currently being developed at the OECD for the management of macro-economic data. The system provides a general framework for economists and statisticians to structure and manipulate large volumes of data in the form of multi-dimensional arrays. The dimensions of the arrays are hierarchical lists of elements corresponding to criteria of classification, TIME typically being one of them. Derivation of data can occur either automatically during extraction or explicitly through a flexible Data Manipulation Language. The system fully incorporates the management of qualitative information associated with the data at several levels. A number of interfaces are provided including an extension of the Research and Analysis Language (RAL).


Objective To assess and detect the diagn ostic significance of anti-CCP, anti-RA54, anti-Sa antibody and rheumatoid factor in patients with RA. Methods Anti CCP antibody were deteceted by ELISA, anti-RA54 antibody and anti-Sa antibody were examined by western-blotting, RF were deteceted by immunoturbidimetric assay . Results The specificitiy and sensitivity of anti-CCP, anti-RA54, anti-Sa antibody and rheumatoid factor were 95.5%(63/66) 41.4%(55/116),90.9%(60/66),30.2%(35/116),93.9%(62/66) ,36.2%(42/116), 80.3%(53/66) 49.1%(57/116). Among 59 patients with negtive RF, 16(27.1%) were positive for anti-CCP, 14(23.7%) positive for anti-RA54 and 19(32.2%) positive for anti-Sa antibody . specificities and sensitivities were 98.5%(65/66) and 46.6%(54/116) respectively as two of the four antibodies turned out to be positive. If three or more of the antibodies were detected simultaneously,the specificity would comes up as 100%(66/66).Conclusion Dictation of anti-CCP, anti-RA54, anti-Sa antibody and rheumatoid factor can greatly improve the specificity for diagnosis of early-stage RA.


Depth camera is a field-of-view (FoV) based distance sensor and has been widely used in commercial entertainments such as augmented reality, industrial field for object 3D modeling, as well as intelligence vehicle obstacle avoidance. No doubt, the depth camera measurement accuracy definitely affects the associated application performance and therefore the noise behavior should be properly modeled. The measurement noise of the depth cameras depends on various factors, which can be difficult to model in practice. In this short note, three different depth noise models are presented based on the pin-hole model of the camera. The goal is to match the practical depth camera noise distributions as close as possible and to provide a simulation sketch for further noise analysis and possible improvement of the depth measurements.


Gyrocompass is very important in providing course to ships,but its structure is very complex.Furthermore,traditional teaching just stays on showing the plane figure of the gyrocompass,so it becomes the bottleneck of maritime students' learning of it.In this paper,the three-dimensional interactive demonstrations of Arma-Brown MK10 gyrocompass are simulated by virtual reality language(VRML.),and its inside and outside structure is showed clearly,which will help the learners break the bottleneck and grasp the gyrocompass's structure and working principle.


An attempt is made to crystallise the meaning of the maximum entropy state, when a system is subject to constraints which carry random uncertainties. Such a state is well defined, and there exists a simple statistic which allows it to be determined unambiguously, provided it is assumed that one's state of knowledge of the system fluctuates in close resemblance to the quantum uncertainty principle. Without loss of generality, the scenario is verified, for a variety of error-carrying constraints, by results from a large number of 'random die samples'.


The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning(HVAC) system consumes a large amount of energy in buildings. Accurate modeling of the HVAC refrigeration room system is crucial for building temperature control and optimization of energy consumption. In this paper, Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are used to establish a nonlinear autoregressive neural network model (PSO-NARX) for the modeling of water chillers in HVAC systems. NARX is a model used to describe nonlinear discrete systems. At the same time, using particle swarm optimization algorithm can improve the accuracy of the prediction model. The experimental results show that the PSO-NARX model can effectively model and predict the chiller model, and its performance is better compared to traditional DNN neural networks.


Body packing is the term used to describe the smuggling of drugs, usually cocaine or heroin, in special containers introduced within the body. Rupture of the containers leads to acute intoxication that often ends fatally. The possibility of drug poisoning should always be considered by the emergency or hospital physician confronted with an unconscious patient. If representatives of the law suspect anyone of drug smuggling and refer him/her to hospital, a knowledge of the legal position as laid down in particular in paragraph 81a and d of the StPO is of great importance.


The near‐surface deposits of the NW Alboran Sea slope are grouped into two main textural types: clay‐dominant and silt/sand‐dominant. Clayey deposits underlie areas of open, very low gradient slopes (aug. 0.55°), whereas silty and sandy deposits occur on higher gradient slopes (aug. 2.65°) and near the walls and floors of submarine canyons and channels that incise the slope. These sediment types can also be distinguished on the basis of their geotechnical properties. Clayey sediments have high water content (avg. 70% of dry weight) and plasticity (avg. wL: 70%, lp: 45%) and low vane shear strength (avg. 6 kPa); they are highly compressible (avg. Cc: 0.45) and are overconsolidated (avg. OCR: 3.8). During triaxial compression, the clayey sediments show contractive behavior and have typical normalized undrained strength (avg. Su / σ'c: 0.42) and effective friction angles (avg. ⊘': 36°). In contrast, silty sediments have lower water content (avg. 30%) and plasticity (avg. wL: 35%, Ip : 10%), but only slightly...


Environmental protection and effective use of floodplain organic soils of river valleys in the humid zone is associated with the development of sustainable agrosystems, in which 65–75% of the sown area is allocated to perennial grasses. The main measure in the technology of growing perennial grass mixtures is the introduction of mineral fertilizers. The conducted studies show that the highest yield of perennial grass mixtures on average for 2016–2019 was obtained with the introduction of recommended doses of fertilizers obtained on the basis of perennial studies (N45P45K120) — 8.9 t/ha, and with the addition of 2 l/ha Organic Balance — 9.4 t/ha of dry mass; for the yield of 8.5 t/ha for the calculated dose of fertilizers to increase the yield of herbs N45P84K150 and 8.3 t/ha for the calculated dose for the planned yield taking into account the content of nutrients in the soil N45P138K293. Therefore, the most economically profitable and scientifically justified application of mineral fertilizers to crops of perennial grasses obtained on the basis of long-term scientific data, taking into account soil, climatic and weather conditions. In addition, the introduction of different doses of mineral fertilizers led to their corresponding leaching into the drainage waters, the leaching of NO3 during the growing season in the version with the recommended dose of fertilizers was 12.3 mg/l, and in the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for crop growth (N45P84K150) increased leaching into groundwater up to 17.2 mg/l of water. Thus, the economic and ecological evaluation of determination of doses of mineral fertilizers calculated by various methods showed that it is most expedient to determine calculations based on data obtained in long-term studies on crops of perennial grasses.


A government survey in India found the rate of HIV infection in the country to have increased from 3 cases of infection per 1000 people in 1986 to 11/1000 in 1992. If this trend continues India could be facing an epidemic of proportions similar to that observed in Africa by the year 2000. To prevent against such a disaster the government of India has taken steps to secure blood supplies control sexually transmitted diseases and promote public awareness. Commercial sex workers are especially open to HIV infection; a recent survey of commercial sex workers in Bombay found 42% to be HIV-seropositive. Some nongovernmental organizations (NGO) have made educational interventions within this population which promote the slogan no condom no sex. A doctor in the red light district has also developed a program among the prostitutes of peer education and condom distribution. Recognizing however that the client ultimately dictates whether or not a condom will be used some NGOs are considering educating specific groups of frequent visitors to brothels such as police officers taxi drivers and pimps.


This essay explores Sen's claim that rights-realization can be consequentially evaluated. Supporting this claim, it attempts to show that the value pluralism thereby presupposed is sufficient to render superfluous the idea — advanced by Sen and others — of 'agent-relativity' as a structural feature of ethical judgment.


The growth of dendrites on the electrodes during charge–discharge cycles can lead to short‐circuit and potential ignition, which limit the capacity and application of the rechargeable batteries. With the development of in situ electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, the growth process of metallic dendrites can be observed in real‐time. However, there remains a great challenge to operate the electrochemical liquid cell experiments successfully and repetitively. Herein, the lithium‐ion battery electrolyte system and the other electrolyte system of silver nitrate with sodium nitrate aqueous solution are adopted in our experiments to demonstrate the problems in conducting electrochemical liquid cell experiments. Influence factors are summarized, including the tube residual, cleanliness of electrodes, bubbles in the liquid cell, and the stability of the electrochemical system. All these aspects affect the electrochemical liquid cell experiments, and understanding these influencing factors is beneficial to improve the success rate of experiments. This work may offer guidance for the wide application of in situ electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy in observing the growth of dendrites in batteries.


We devised a functional form stable composite phase‐change materials (PCMs) to achieve a three‐dimensional (3D) interconnected porous carbon aerogel structure for encapsulating polyethylene glycol (PEG). A novel homogeneity reinforced carbon aerogel with a well‐interconnected porous structure was constructed by combining a flexible carbon resource from biomass guar gum with hard‐brittle carbon from polyimide, to overcome severe shrinkage and poor mechanical performance of traditional carbon aerogel. The supporting carbon aerogel‐encapsulated PEG produced the novel composite PCMs with good structure stability and comprehensive energy storage performance. The results showed that the composite PCMs displayed a well‐defined 3D interconnected structure, and their energy storage capacities were 171.5 and 169.5 J/g, which changed only slightly after 100 thermal cycles, and the composites could maintain the equilibrium temperature at 50.0−58.1 °C for about 760.3 s. The thermal conductivity of the composites could reach 0.62 W m−1 K−1, which effectively enhanced the thermal response rate. And the composite PCMs exhibited good leakage‐proof performance and excellent light–thermal conversion. The compressive strength of the composite PCMs can improve up to 1.602 MPa. Results indicate that this strategy can be efficiently used to develop novel composite PCMs with improved comprehensive thermal performance and high light–thermal conversion.


Previous work has shown that a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response of syngeneic mice immunized with a chemically‐induced BALB/c (H‐2d) fibrosarcoma was directed against an individual tumour‐associated antigen. To see whether this reaction was restricted by products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), anti‐H‐2 alloantisera to K or D antigens were used to interfere with the CTL‐mediated immune response. Antisera to Kd but not to Dd antigens inhibited the lytic activity of CTL against fibrosarcoma cells. In addition, the study of the CTL response in F1→ P antitumour immunized chimeric mice showed that antitumour cytotoxicity developed only when F1 and parental host shared the Kd region. Both experiments strongly indicate that recognition of the individual tumour‐associated antigen of the BALB/c fibrosarcoma is restricted by the products of H‐2Kd genes.


LIZAWATI. Improvement of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) seedling root system through Agrobacteriun rhizogeneses inoculation. Supervised by ROEDHY POERWANTO, IMAN RUSMANA, SOBIR, TRI MUJI ERMAYANTI. Mangosteen is known as a slow growing plant, this is due to the root that is fragile, sensitive to the environmental condition and easily disturbed. Great care is therefore required during the transplanting of seedling, which form a long taproot with few laterals. Many writers note an apparent absence of root hairs at all stage of growth. The use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes may improve root system of mangosteen. The soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes can induce the abundant adventitious root formation at the infection site through the transfer of genetic material T-DNA, a part of the Root inducing (Ri) plasmid from bacterium to the plant genome. This research is aimed to develop a technique in improving root system of Mangosteen using Agrobacterium transformation technique in order to improve seedling growth. This research is divide into two step of research, I) improvement of mangosteen seedling root system through A. rhizogeneses inoculation at the mangosteen nursery ; and II) induction of root formation using A. rhizogenes in vitro. The materials used in this experiment were ; mangosteen fruit originated from Purwakarta and A. rhizogenes collection from Puslit Biotechnology LIPI Cibinong-Bogor. The result showed that strains inoculation of ATCC-15834, 509 , 07-20001, A4, and R-1000 increased : stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, lateral and tersier roots number better than control. Inoculation with cutting root method results in the higher live plant percentage compared with dipping root method. A. rhizogenes strain ATCC15834 (OD600 = 1.0) was able to infect 6 week old of mangosteen seedling root. Based on PCR product, TL-DNA from A. rhizogenes strain ATCC-15834 succeeded to be transferred into genome of mangosteen seedling root cell since the rolB gene was detected at 780 bp agarose electrophoresis. The A. rhizogenes strains ATCC-15834 could increase the root anatomy in terms of the mean xylem vascular diameter, conductivity, total xylem width, roots hair, nutrient uptake (N, P and K), IAA hormone content and was better than and control. 509, 07-20001, ATCC-158343 strains induced root formation. All explant with cotyledon that were root formation were induced were able to survive at acclimation stage, but none for cotyledoneless explants. Anatomy observation showed that 509 resulted in higher xylem diameter, total number of xylem, conductivity, and higher ration of conductivity/total root transversal area in comparation to control.


The invention relates to a dynamic quantization method of an image stream including transformed blocks, the method comprising a stage adapted to establish a connection (V, V, V) between at least one temporal predictive encoded source block (330 , 323) a first image (B, P) and said one or more reference blocks (311, 312, 313, 314, 316, 321, 322, 323, 324) belonging to other pictures (I, P ), the method comprising, for at least one of said transformed blocks, a step of quantizing said block wherein the quantization level applied to that block is selected (402) at least partially depending on the or relations (V, V, V) established between this block and the blocks belonging to other images. The invention applies in particular to improved video compression to improve the visual encoded videos.


In Russian, voicing assimilation is usually regressive with the voicing of obstruent clusters conditioned by the final obstruent. However, there is conflicting phonetic evidence from other languages such as Polish on whether neutralization of voicing is complete [cf. W. Jassem and L. Richter, J. Phon. 17, 317–325 (1989); L. Slowiaczek and D. Dinnsen, J. Phon. 13, 325–341 (1985)]. This study investigated the effects of voicing assimilation across prepositional boundaries, an environment where voicing assimilation is believed to occur in Russian. Three native speakers of Russian produced sentences containing prepositions ending in a voiceless stop or fricative. These prepositions were followed by word tokens with initial obstruents that were voiced or voiceless. Thus there were four stop‐fricative combinations [ts,dx,tz,dz] and four fricative‐stop combinations [st,sd,zt,zd]. Acoustic analyses of these tokens included duration measurements and spectral analyses. Preliminary results indicate that a pattern ge...


The stability of translating flexible beam that passes through the elastic support is investigated. We modeled the flexible beam using the finite segment method to account for the geometric nonlinearities due to the large rotation, as it is the time variant system. Numerical simulation results show the instability of the beam, that is stable in the low axial moving velocity, is observed as the axial moving velocity increases. It is clarified from the consideration with the simplified rigid beam model that the mass and damping coefficient ratio of the elastic support yields negative damping effect of the system and the damping coefficient and stiffness ratio of the elastic support yields negative stiffness effect of the system as the axial moving velocity increases. These results show that the property of the elastic support gives the significant effect on the instability of the translating beam.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Abstract Global climate change is affecting Africa, as it is every other continent and region of the world. The absolute poverty of a large proportion of the continent's people renders them highly vulnerable to changes in climate. Mitigation of climate change is a global imperative. However, numerous other changes continue apace, notably population growth, natural resource degradation, and rural—urban migration. Probably 50% or more of the continent's population rely on groundwater. This paper explores the relative impacts of changes in climate, demography and land use/cover on groundwater resources and demands. It concludes that the climate change impacts are likely to be significant, though uncertain in direction and magnitude, while the direct and indirect impacts of demographic change on both water resources and water demand are not only known with far greater certainty, but are also likely to be much larger. The combined effects of urban population growth, rising food demands and energy costs, and consequent demand for fresh water represent real cause for alarm, and these dwarf the likely impacts of climate change on groundwater resources, at least over the first half of the 21st century.


By changing the number of basic unit,the improved frame-brace model is not only suitable to the shear wall structures with different height-width ratios of floor and materials,but also to frame-supported and opening shear wall structures.The results of simulating the substructure pseudodynamic test of frame-supported reinforced masonry shear wall KZW-2 show that the improved frame-brace model could effectively simulate the elastic-plastic deformation of shear wall structures under earthquake.


Mutagenic effect of various concentrations of Methyl Methane Sulphonate (MMS) was studied on seed germination and seedling height in M, generation of Solanum melongena L. (var. Pusa Kranti) showing significant effects on seed germination and seedling height whereas high concentrations of MMS adversely affected germination.


In view of the structural characteristics of air flow of U-shaped ventilation system on the mining face as well as wide spread angle and excellent entrainment ability of rotary jet,the paper presented a new method of dealing with gas accumulated in the upper corner of mining faces.According to the special environment requirements on the mining face,the designed scheme of rotary-jet ventilator was put out,and the application of rotary jet ventilator was simulated with FLUENT.The simulation results show that the rotary jet ventilator is very effective in preventing gas accumulation in the upper corner of mining faces,which provides a theoretical reference for the practical application of the rotary jet ventilator on mining faces.


In this issue of Radiology, Brace et al (1) showed that, compared with radiofrequency (RF) ablation, larger and more circular zones of thermal necrosis with faster growth of the ablation zone can be achieved with microwave ablation in a swine lung model. To my knowledge, this study is the first comparison of these ablation modalities in the lung and, given the observed differences, future clinical trials for evaluation of available technologies for the treatment of patients with pulmonary neoplasms are warranted.


The government officers of the North and South Song Dynasties often expounded their views about nationality relations by means of the examples of cementing friendly relations with national minorities through marriage in the past.Generally speaking,the government officers of the North Song Dynasty held a negative attitude or basically negative attitude towards the affairs of cementing friendly relations with the national minorities through marriage,whereas most of the officers of the South Song Dynasty held an affirmative attitude about it.The concept of cementing the friendly relations with national minorities through marriage in the song Dynasties greatly enriched the traditional ideas of cementing friendly relations with national minorities through marriage in ancient china,and they are an important component of the history of cementing friendly relations with national minorities through marriage in ancient China.


In the case of characteristic zero, the Engel identity implies nilpotence in the variety generated by simple infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of Cartan type. An analogous result is also true for 2-metabelian Lie algebras (an algebra is called 2-metabelian if every 2-generator subalgebra is metabelian) over a field whose characteristic does not divide 5!, which in this case permits one to prove solvability of the variety of 2-metabelian Lie algebras.Bibliography: 10 titles.


This article exposed the results of an investigation about the knowledge that adult people have of the climacteric´s process and the sexuality. This study had a quantitative approach with a methodological design of structural descriptive type. The information was obtained by questionnaire. It was applied to a sample of 176 people (108 women and 68 men) with ages between 35 to 65 years old. The most important results were the information gaps in the topics of sexuality and its components. Most people have wrong knowledge in this topic, also many taboos and myths.


Human-centered urban design starts off from a concern of the overall environment. This paper studies the significance of urban design in achieving city particularity, humanistic care, and sustainable development, and stresses that the goal of urban design lies in the improving of a city's overall image, environmental beauty and its citizens' standard of living.


We investigate the potential of adaptive equalization techniques to mitigate intra-channel nonlinear interference noise (NLIN). We develop an equalizer tailored for NLIN reduction, based on Kalman filtering and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE).


Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by a protozoan belonging to the Kinetoplastida order, Trypanossomatidea family and Leishmania genus, and is transmitted by blood-sucking flies belonging to the Phlebotominae subfamily. In dogs, the cutaneous form manifests with mucocutaneous lesions, granulomatous bottom ulcers and difficult to heal flanges. This study aimed to report the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. in a stray dog with clinical symptoms suggesting LTA in the northwestern region of the state of Parana. The positive serology found in the present study suggests that there was a movement of the etiological agent and, therefore, this animal's exposure to the parasite, but further studies with stray and and domestic dogs with or without characteristic symptoms of LTA should be done to understand the role of a dog in the leishmaniasis epidemiology in the local municipality.


This paper, by comparing three potential energy trading systems, studies the feasibility of integrating a community energy storage (CES) device with consumer-owned photovoltaic (PV) systems for demand-side management of a residential neighborhood area network. We consider a fully competitive CES operator in a non-cooperative Stackelberg game, a benevolent CES operator that has socially favorable regulations with competitive users, and a centralized cooperative CES operator that minimizes the total community energy cost. The former two game-theoretic systems consider that the CES operator first maximizes their revenue by setting a price signal and trading energy with the grid. Then the users with PV panels play a non-cooperative repeated game following the actions of the CES operator to trade energy with the CES device and the grid to minimize energy costs. The centralized CES operator cooperates with the users to minimize the total community energy cost without appropriate incentives. The non-cooperative Stackelberg game with the fully competitive CES operator has a unique Stackelberg equilibrium at which the CES operator maximizes revenue and users obtain unique Pareto-optimal Nash equilibrium CES energy trading strategies. Extensive simulations show that the fully competitive CES model gives the best tradeoff of operating environment between the CES operator and the users.


Around 2010, brain machine interface (or brain computer interface), which can control a machine (a computer) by human thought, was one of hot topics in computer science area. The basic technical components of brain machine interface are sensing bio signal, i.e. brain activity, analyzing bio signal data and controlling a machine based on the analyzed data. Many institutes and companies joined competitions to show the results of brain machine interface and its applications. However, a few products were released based on these competitions. The main reasons are insufficient performance against product level and no proper applications. After these competitions, the progress of exploitation of bio signal data was little bit saturated. Recently, exploitation of bio signal data to estimate human state is becoming a hot topic again because of technological aspect and social needs. The performance of machine learning including deep learning proposed by Hinton is dramatically improving and the progress of computer resources, ex. GPGPU, allows us to treat huge data and carry out huge calculation. After showing the surprising performance of deep learning in the field of computer vision, the exploitation of bio signal data is revisited from machine learning point of view. Furthermore, since possibility of autonomous driving and advanced driver assistant system based on AI technology is becoming more realistic, estimation of human state, i.e. a driver, is starting to gather our attention because except for L4/L5 autonomous driving, transfer of responsibility for control of car from a car to a driver or vise versa, so called 'takeover' or 'handover', should be considered. In order to transfer the right properly, we have to consider several strategies according to a human (human) state, ex. normal transfer, warning, or emergency stop without transfer. In my presentation, the history of exploitation of bio signal data including brain machine interface will be explained and several hot topics around bio signal exploitation, ex. combination of AI and brain machine interface, will be shown. Finally, we would like to discuss the future topics around bio signal exploitation.


In recent years Karkac et al. [6] have described that a great variety of engineering problems involve the transient heat transfer which can be divide into two groups, non-periodic and periodic. Recently several authors [1, 7, 8] have discussed indetaie the method of solving many important problems in transient heat conduction. This paper deals to determining the temperature distribution in a cylindrical shell with heat source inside the cylinder is of radius a, b height h and symmetrical along z-axis, having a heat source inside which leads axially symmetrical temperature distribution. The problem of determining the temperature distribution in a cylindrical shell with heat source inside the cylinder.


External military intervention, particularly on humanitarian grounds, is a core aspect of the concept of the responsibility to protect, the latter which is founded on a menu of legal norms in Africa and beyond. Its implementation in Africa, particularly in the light of events in Libya and Mali is not without its discontent. The dissatisfaction with its application is rooted in the popular notion that it is a neo-colonial drive of the West which is usually pursued and coordinated at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) only when it suits the economic or political interests of its members.


There is a huge variability in the technical quality of health care within and between different health systems around the world. At national level ive do not have an information system that monitors the quality of primary care at different times and settings. However, there are a number of methods developed to measure technical quality of care through the comparison of specific standards with routine care. The development of review criteria — defined as systematically developed statements that can be used to assess the appropriateness of specific health care decisions, services and outcomes — is one of the methods used to define standards. It incorporates both the scientific evidence available and the expert opinion about specific clinical areas to be evaluated.


The rapid development of medical image science has brou ght about advan tages and the negative effects as well. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect he alth resource allocation, optimize image diagnostic procedure, prevent"over-dia gnosis"pitfalls and exert us utmost to produce its social benefits and economic benefits.


In order to find out the influencing factors of competitiveness of accepting Information Technology outsourcing in China and their influencing degree,fourteen indicators are selected as the influencing factors and classified into five groups based on Porter's diamond model and relative domestic and foreign researches.The common factors of each group are extracted through principal component analysis(PCA),and the significant inflences of the fourteen indicators are acquired through regression analysis.It is concluded that the rising costs of capital and labor will weaken the competitiveness;the improved infrastructure,high-quality human resource,preferential policy and scientific and technological innovation can improve the competitiveness;and the relevant domestic industrial structure and demands both home and abroad have no influence.


During the period of Nov. 1 and Dec. 30, 1998, a cross - sectional study was being conducted on the HIV prevalence and HIV related risk behaviors among drug users in Beijing. Nine of 599 were detected with HIV positive and its prevalence rate was 1.5%. Among the 599 drug users, 252 (42.1%) ones had the history of injecting drug, 42 (16.7%) of whom had ever shared the syringes and needles with others. The HIV prevalence rate among IVDUs, therefore, was 3.6%. 49 drug users (11.1%) of the total individuals reported had more than one sexual partners and 213 ones (70.5%) had never taken protective measures during sexual intercourse. The results was still under estimation of the HIV prevalence in the population of drug users in Beijing.


Disulfiram (DSF), an established alcohol‐aversion drug, is a candidate for repurposing in cancer treatment. DSF's antitumor activity is supported by preclinical studies, case reports, and small clinical trials; however, ongoing clinical trials of advanced‐stage cancer patients encounter variable results. Here, we show that one reason for the inconsistent clinical effects of DSF may reflect interference by other drugs. Using a high‐throughput screening and automated microscopy, we identify cannabidiol, an abundant component of the marijuana plant used by cancer patients to mitigate side effects of chemotherapy, as a likely cause of resistance to DSF. Mechanistically, in cancer cells, cannabidiol triggers the expression of metallothioneins providing protective effects by binding heavy metal‐based substances including the bis‐diethyldithiocarbamate‐copper complex (CuET). CuET is the documented anticancer metabolite of DSF, and we show here that the CuET's anticancer toxicity is effectively neutralized by metallothioneins. Overall, this work highlights an example of undesirable interference between cancer therapy and the concomitant usage of marijuana products. In contrast, we report that insufficiency of metallothioneins sensitizes cancer cells toward CuET, suggesting a potential predictive biomarker for DSF repurposing in oncology.


Without attempting to establish a direct causal relationship, this work studies the demographic implications which, at a nuptial, fertile or contraceptive level, are contained in the matrimonial ethics of the church in New Spain. They study the ecclesiastic recommendations and commands on what is now known as demographic variables: the age at first union, ethnic exogamy and endogamy, racial mixing, widowhood, the number of offspring and contraception. The study is done through an analysis of documents from the church in New Spain, such as from provincial councils and some confessors particularly that of Friar Alonso de Molina.


Abstract The purpose of this empirical study was to investigate teachers' perceptions of their participation in school based choice of subjects. This was necessitated by complaints from teachers about their insignificant participation in this critical and strategic decision making area, at the same time accusing their school heads of dictatorial tendencies. The study adopted an interpretive qualitative research methodology and a case study research design. A purposive convenient sample of 5 school heads and 20 secondary school teachers formed the study. Data was collected through face to face interviews, documentary analysis and observation of the two staff meetings per school. The study established that, decisions on school based curriculum issues were the prerogative of the heads and their deputies. It was further established that, the teachers wanted to be consulted in this area. They also wanted their views to be heard and acknowledged by the school system. The recommendation of the study is that the teachers should not be regarded as mere recipients of the imposed curriculum but should be partners in the curriculum development process.


Summary Due to rapid change and development of network technology in the current changing business environment, there is an increased communication and exchange of information being carried over the internet, where we demand them for official and personal needs to communicate with customers or with employees of organizations, for money transactions, to retrieve information or shopping etc. The usages are endless and the security of our systems has to be increased and the security of our networks has slightly been enhanced, still lots of security problems exist, especially in enterprise and private networks. The encryption protects the information from unauthorized viewer, but the covert channel hides the existence of the communication where they are used for secret transfer of information on network. This can be a good thing if covert channels are used to protect privacy or increase security of precise data communication. Covert channels do not exist in practice and are not the part of any network protocol, where they take advantage of existing protocols to transfer the information like TCP/IP.


In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new application notion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment and transport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis- posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper- ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,this paper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coal sludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%~77%)and high apparent viscosity (about 1 000~3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent. Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfully used in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solid wastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes no pollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment, conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paper discussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys- tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.


Fusarium infection is known to be potentially severe in immunocompromised patients, especially those with hematologic malignancies. Mortality rates are high and there are few therapeutic options, due to the severe underlying condition of this group of patients and the relative resistance of Fusarium to conventional antifungal therapy. Voriconazole has been shown to be an effective antifungal agent for neutropenic patients with fusariosis that are refractory or unresponsive to amphotericin B. We report the successful treatment of disseminated Fusarium infection in an immunocompromised host.


We describe the present status of the PEP-II asymmetric B factory design undertaken by SLAC, LBL, and LLNL. Design optimization and changes from the original CDR are described. R&D activities have focused primarily on the key technology areas of vacuum, RF, and feedback system design. Recent progress in these areas is described. The R&D results have verified our design assumptions and provide further confidence in the design of PEP-II.<<ETX>>


In 1695, James Petiver concluded the first 'century' of his Musei Petiveriani by observing that he had received the specimens described within it from his 'Kind Friends from divers parts of the World' and 'Curious Persons … Abroad'. This essay examines Petiver's network of such 'Kind Friends' and 'Curious Persons' in the Atlantic World. The composition of Petiver's network reflected many of the broader patterns of English commerce in the Atlantic at the turn of the eighteenth century. Moreover, England's growing overseas empire and its expanding commercial activity required a parallel expansion in maritime labour. Mariners were correspondingly central to Petiver's work as a naturalist and collector in the region. The importance of slavery and the slave trade to Atlantic economic and social structures meant that the naturalist relied on the institutions, infrastructures and individuals of the slave trade and plantation slavery. A social history of Petiver's Atlantic network reveals how the naturalist utilized the routes of commerce and colonialism to collect specimens, as well as to collect the correspondents who might provide them from West Africa, Spanish America, the Caribbean and mainland North America. It demonstrates the entangled histories of commerce, colonialism, collecting and the production of natural knowledge.


In this paper, the transaction currency's variety is analyzed under the ambulatory commission, the influence is studied that the commission is subtracted one-off from the cash on the transaction currency, the rule is explored that the transaction currency varies when the commission does, the storage theory of the transaction currency is enriched, and so it is important for the establishment of the monetary policy.


Transesterification of jatropha curcas oil (JCO) with high acidity (8.4%),using methanol over sulfated zirconia as heterogeneous acid catalyst was investigated. Sulfated zirconia was directly synthesized by solvent – free method (S-ZrO2) at 600°C for 5 h, and characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The surface areas and pore volume were 9.71716 m 2 /g and 5.20631x 10 -3 cm 3 /g respectively. This catalyst exhibits excellent activity in esterification / transesterification of (JCO). The alcoholysis conversion of JCO under optimized conditions (65°C,16 h , 1:40 MR oil to methanol and 12.5% wt of catalyst) was 92 .33%.While under subcritical methanolysis (200°C, 21 bars) was 95.6% after 1h. Generally oils containing high level of FFA cannot be directly esterified using base catalysts currently employed. Kinetic data on the transesterification reaction were achieved by conducting the reaction at various reaction times, catalyst dose and molar ratio. The experimental data was interpreted with a 1 st order reaction. The reaction was represented fairly well by pseudo homogeneous 1 st order reaction and the kinetic parameters were obtained. A good agreement between the experimental data and the model were observed.


In recent years, with the improvement of relevant national heritage conservation policy as well as the financial resource investment unceasing increase,our country cultural relic construction protection obtains the huge result. However, because the concepts, management, expertise, and law enforcement relative do not adapt,the cultural relic construction protection project in the design, the construction and the management had some problems. This paper just combines these problems with Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China and related laws and regulations of heritage preservation policy on these issues to make an analysis, and put forward some constructive comments.


The theoretical focus of neoclassical economics experienced a significant change in the 1970s–1980s. General equilibrium theory lost its dominant position in theoretical economic studies, with its role of setting the research agenda taken over by what this article calls the "new microeconomic theories," principally decision theory, game theory, and mechanism design. Mainstream economists, post-Keynesians, and historians of economic thought each give a different explanation of the hows and whys of that change, but all miss some critical methodological implications. That change, as this article discusses, shows that neoclassical economics has turned from "grand theory" toward "small models" with empirically delimited utility and that the ideology of marketism lacks a valid scientific foundation. This interpretation can help illuminate the deeper dynamics of the postwar development of neoclassical economics and provide insights for a new political economy that can come to grips with political-economic practices that cannot be fully grasped by the neoclassical tradition.


Intramyocellular lipid storage is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. However, endurance trained athletes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients store similar amounts of lipids in their muscle; the so‐called athlete's paradox. Compared to T2DM, trained athletes possess higher levels of perilipin 5 (PLIN5), a lipid droplet (LD) coating protein. We examined whether coating LD with PLIN5 affects the pattern of muscle lipid (LD size and number) in relation to the athlete's paradox. Despite differences in PLIN5 protein content, we observed that coating the LD with PLIN5 could not explain the observed differences in LD size and number between athletes and T2DM. PLIN5‐coated LDs were positively associated with oxidative capacity but not with insulin sensitivity. We conclude that coating of LDs with PLIN5 cannot causally explain the athlete's paradox.


A pilot program run last year has produced a free toolkit for primary and secondary schools and museums to work together, creating short films about the history of their local area.


Case 3.-A 27-year-old haulage contractor had developed back pain and later headache, nausea, and vomiting while shovelling gravel. He was admitted to hospital with fever (1020 F.; 38.90 C.) and photophobia. He was irritable and there was marked stiffness of the neck and back. The fundi were normal. The C.S.F. contained: cells, 90/c.mm. (90% lymphocytes); protein 124 mg./ 100 ml.; and glucose 73 mg./100 ml. The bromide partition was 2.6. ri was decided to observe him for 24 hours. Two days later he developed paresis of the hip flexors and of the muscles of the back and anterior abdominal wall. Diagnosis: acute poliomyelitis. Case 6.-A 35-year-old Nigerian student nurse was admitted after the sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting. She was pyrexial (102' F.; 38.9' C.), photophobic, and showed marked meningism. The fundi were normal. The C.S.F. contained: cells, 500/c.mm. (all lymphocytes); protein, 104 mg./ 100 ml.; and glucose, 37 mg./100 ml. No organisms were seen on direct smear. The bromide partition ratio was 0.9. Anti-tuberculous therapy was started. Culture of the initial sample of C.S.F. subsequently grew acid-fast bacilli. With continued treatment the patient has become symptom-free. Eight months after the onset of the illness the bromide partition ratio was still low. Diagnosis: acute tuberculous meningitis.


Metal organic deposition (MOD) method is one of the most promising approaches for fabricating YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors.In this paper,YBCO films were deposited on buffered (Y2O3/YSZ/CeO2) Ni-5at.%W substrates using MOD method by replacing copper-trifluoroacetate with copper-naphthenate to reduce about 50% of the total fluorine in the precursor solution.The influences of gas flow rate and oxygen partial pressure during the annealing process were investigated.X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement revealed that all the YBCO films were (00l) orientation under various gas flow rates.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that under lower flow rate,the surface of the film was smooth with few pores and crack-free.However,the film's surface became rough with many pores when increasing flow rate.XRD observation showed that the films were all c-axis oriented,but their in-plane and out-of-plane textures were different under various oxygen partial pressures.The critical current density of 0.2MA/cm2 and critical current of 40A/cm-width at 77K and self-field were obtained for the YBCO films prepared under optimized conditions.


In China, the power sector is currently the largest carbon emitter and the transportation sector is the fastest-growing carbon emitter. This paper proposes a model of solar-powered charging stations for electric vehicles to mitigate problems encountered in China's renewable energy utilization processes and to cope with the increasing power demand by electric vehicles for the near future. This study applies the proposed model to Shenzhen City to verify its technical and economic feasibility. Modeling results showed that the total net present value of a photovoltaic power charging station that meets the daily electricity demand of 4500 kWh is $3,579,236 and that the cost of energy of the combined energy system is $0.098/kWh. In addition, the photovoltaic powered electric vehicle model has pollutant reduction potentials of 99.8%, 99.7% and 100% for carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, respectively, compared with a traditional gasoline-fueled car. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that interest rate has a relatively strong influence on COE (Cost of Energy). An increase in the interest rate from 0% to 6% increases COE from $0.027/kWh to $0.097/kWh. This analysis also suggests that carbon pricing promotes renewable energy only when the price of carbon is above $20/t.


Cordierite ceramics,due to its low dielectric constant and low thermal expansion coefficient,can be used as an insulating material in high-frequency electronics,as well as a substrate for integrated circuits and electronic modules.The developing and research status of the cordierite ceramics derived by sol-gel method are reviewed,the influence of factors on the microstructures,mechanical properties electrical properties of cordierite ceramics are analyzed, such as additives,preparing technology,sintering schedule,and sintering mechanism,crystallization mechanism at lower temperature are all probed.


-Microcontrollers and FPGAs are the soul of Digital Circuit Design. Microcontrollers high speed ,low power dissipation and reduced prices make them an obvious choice on one hand and on the other hand, The reconfigurable power, high speed and high density have made FPGA based systems an alternative choice.These both technologies are unmatched in their own domains but it is valuable to identify the different design patterns which can provide canonical solutions to the common problems based on FPGA integrated with Microcontrollers and we have taken a small step towards it by demonstrating the integration of both the technology with the help of an application in which a data sharing architecture (FPGA based) which we have designed earlier integrated with AVR AT90S8515 microcontroller.


White bread is a popular food product in Indonesia which is dominated by carbohydrate content. To improve its function, the noni juice which has phytochemical compounds of the alkaloid group was added. However, noni has a very strong aroma, which makes this noni rarely processed. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content, energy value, and organoleptic test of white bread added with noni juice. This research used a descriptive experimental design that the data is compared with SNI No 01-3840-1995 of white bread (Standard Nasional Indonesia = Indonesia Standard Requirement). Noni juice is added by four levels (0, 50, 150, 250ml). The results found that the more noni juice added would cause the addition of flour used, thereby increasing the calories per serving. In addition, the addition of noni juice causes an increase in brown color and aroma but decreases the tenderness, and sweetness of white bread.


Fringing reefs are well developed on the southwest coast of Xuwen County at the Leizhou Peninsula,southernmost tip of China mainland.They are the only fringing coral reefs remaining on the coast of the mainland.Living corals in the fringing coral reefs consist of Porites,Favia,Acropora,Favite,Montipora,Platygyra and Pavona,dominated by Acropora-Favia-Porites community.Molluscs and arthropods are the main dwelling organisms.According to the coral ecology and reef-flat topographic features,the Dengloujiao fringing reef on the west coast of Xuwen County can be divided into 4 zones from the shore to the sea: 1) the intertidal zone covered by sand and gravel,2) the subtidal inner reef-flat with coral fragment and bioclast deposits,3) the subtidal outer reef-flat with sparse living corals,and 4) the subtidal reef-flat rim of living corals.Goniopora is the dominant species in subtidal outer reef-flat and reef-flat rim.Relative sea-level changes,sea surface temperature variations and coastal eutrophication influx significantly affect the growth of coral reefs.The fringing coral reefs are primarily formed in the mid-Holocene based on the analysis of reef development and evolution.Recent surveys on the coral reefs indicate that the environmental changes caused by climate changes,coastal civil construction and population increase resulted in the changes in dominant coral species in reefal area,and the dynamic changes in the coral community.


This study reports a novel approach for the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds using tricalcium phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose composite with alginate. Microporous (<20 μm) scaffold fibres were made by incorporating gas bubbles within fibres, stabilizing it with surfactants and subsequently removing the gas by vacuum treatment. The morphology of the scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, for quantitative determination of pore size, the porosity distribution of the scaffold fibre was determined using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The volume porosity of these scaffolds was determined by liquid displacement method. Compressive strength, rigidity constant and stiffness index of the constructs were also determined. The in vitro bioactivity studies of these scaffolds were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2/4 weeks. This study showed that the scaffold provides a favourable substrate conditions to form a bone-like mineral phase, which might play a significant role in osteointegration.


The invention relates to a fiber optic interferometric system for reducing the influence of fiber birefringence. Laser is emitted by a laser device and transmitted to a fiber optic coupler through a source fiber; the laser is split by the coupler and then output to a metric arm and a reference arm of the fiber optic interferometric system respectively, wherein, one path of light is incident to light reflection device of the metric arm through a fiber optic depolarizer of the metric arm and an optical fiber of the metric arm; the reflected light returns to the fiber optic coupler through the original path; the other path of light is incident to a light reflection device of the reference arm through a fiber optic depolarizer of the reference arm and an optical fiber of the reference arm; the reflected light returns to the fiber optic coupler through the original path; the two path of reflected light form an interference light signal in the coupler; the signal is received by a photoelectric detector as an interference signal through an optical fiber of the detector; and the interference signal is transmitted to an operational processing system through a signal transmission line to obtain the size of the outside physical quantity signal. The fiber optic interferometric system used for metering outside physical quantities such as vibration eliminates the influence of the random variation of the polarization state in the ordinary fiber optic interferometric system on the signal of the fiber optic interferometric system.


The paper describes the design of a linearly polarised focusing antenna capable of operating between 18 GHz and 80 GHz. The antenna is part of a multi-octave millimetre wave reflectometer which is being developed as a plasma diagnostic system for use with the Joint European Torus (JET) at Abingdon, England. The same configuration may be exploited in other applications such as multi-frequency microwave thermography and hyperthermia.


The Taiwan Disaster Prevention and Response Act had been issued and put into practice on June 30, 2000. Roughly, that the disasters prevention and response system with three levels, namely the organization of central, county, and township. Due to above plans, the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, become the director organization for the debris flow disaster prevention, for this work promoting smoothly, the Council of Agriculture drawn up debris flow disaster prevention works from February 22, 2002, such as Operating Procedures for Debris Flow Disaster Evacuation, Operating Procedures for Collection and Reporting of Debris Flow Disaster Information, Implementation Guidelines for Debris Flow Disaster Prevention Education and Publicity, Operating Procedures for Forecasting and Warning of Debris Flow Disasters, and Operating Procedures for Prevention of Repeated Debris Flow Disasters and for Recovery and Reconstruction, in order to set up the implementation emergency practice mechanisms of debris flow disaster prevention and response system in each stages, and each kinds disaster prevention and response operation normalizing, combine, coordinate, and practice. Although that carry out already several years, but there were some cognitive problem between each level's organization exultantly. Thus this research synthetically sums up the experience of carrying out from the aspects of decree, organization, and operation, to inspect and offer the suggestion of making a self-criticism, improving, and defend for the reference of Regional Disaster Prevention and Response Plan.


The research relies on the assumption that universities in their activity and development significantly depend on the state and evolutionary stage of society in which they function. Universities respond to the demand of degree-seeking students for educational services that is generated within society. Thus, the state and evolutionary stage of society depend on implemented political and economic institutions. The problem of that sort of dependence emerges full-blown in the countries with hybrid and authoritarian regimes. A hybrid regime of the oligarchical kind has gained a foothold in Ukraine. The vast majority of studies of activities and development of Ukrainian universities are limited to intra-institutional format without critical analysis of the primary causes of these problems, which are rooted in the social context, that is methodologically incorrect. Therefore, the purpose and tasks of the research involve identifying and clarifying the central problems of the cooperation and development of universities and society that are produced by a hybrid regime of the oligarchical type. Nowadays, Ukrainian society doesn't take on the role of the key stakeholder in the advancement of its universities due to economic backwardness, a lack of civilized competitive environment and ample employment opportunities upon the availability of diplomas of higher education ignoring requirements for actual proficiency of their owners. That sort of the state of the Ukrainian society is caused by a lack of the rule of law, monopolization of its political and economic spheres, the use of the state for private benefits, civil society's failure to effectively and successfully secure from the abuses of authorities in their current activity. To overcome the problems restraining the progress of Ukrainian society and its universities, it is necessary to demonopolize the political and economic spheres, disengage business from politics, and create a civilized competitive environment through establishing the rule of law.


This paper is the continuation of a previous one (FORTUNER & MERNY, 1973) and is concerned with the nematode fauna associated with rice in several regions of Senegal (High-Casamance, Sine Saloum, CapVert) and on the senegalese and nauritanian banks of the Senegal river. The following observations have been made. On both banks and in the delta of the Senegal river, high populations of Hirschmanniella oryzae are present in every jield, after the jirst two years of rice cultivation. Practically no other plant parasitic nematodes were observed in this region. The survey of rice jields in Sine Saloum ad CapVert areas badly hit by the drought is based on relatively few samples. In Sine Saloum, Tylenchorhynchus mashoodi ad, less frequently H. oryzae were found in jlooded rice jields, Trichotylenchus falciformis in upland rice jields. In CapVert, T. mashoodi, Paratylenchus sp. and Meloidogyne sp. were found. Three kinds .of rice jields exist in HighCasamance : l In jlooaed jields the composition of the nematode fauna is intermediate between that of the Low-Casamance ad that of the Gambia : Hirschmanniella spinicaudata and T. mashoodi are less common than H. oryzae that is more frequently founa. l In those non jlooded jields where the water table is close to the ground level, there is a progressive decrease, ending in a disappearance in upland rice jields, of the species characteristic of jlooded rice and other species, usally founa associated with other crops, appear : Cah. ORSTOM, ser. Bd., vol. X, no 3, 1975 : 147-159 147


Abstract An observation is to be classified into one of two multivariate normal distributions with equal covariance matrices. When the parameters are unknown, four methods of estimating the likelihood ratio, that is, the plug-in method, the test procedure, the Bayesian approach, and the best invariant estimate method, are reviewed. The assumptions, interpretations, and consequences of the four approaches are given. It is shown that the last three methods yield the same classification procedure.


The gulf between Western and Communist thought on the relation of government to the people becomes crystal clear in this study by an Hungarian Marxist. With a multitude of citations from a wide variety of Western authors and, of course, from the Marxist classics, the author retraces the well-trod path of predecessors to declare that "democracy is not a purpose but a means to achieve a purpose," that "freedom is control over nature, control over society, and control over ourselves," and that "socialist democracy enables the workers to effectively express their opinion and assert their will." Because the message of the first half of the study is well-known, the latter half is the more arresting. In it the author reveals his skill in explaining developments within the U.S.S.R. as Lenin's principles of mass participation in government faded into the past. He sees the lengthening retention of leaders in managerial posts during the 1920's while Stalin was strengthening his power as an effort to retain in management men who had proved their capability already and as a sensing that the election procedures of the 1920's had to be abandoned lest the populace choose for office self-seeking men. The resulting institutionalization of management led in the late 1930's to Stalin's "cult of the personality," signalling abandonment of the original guidelines designed to assure contact with the masses in spite of absence of elective procedures. The post-Stalin revision of the Communist Party Program in 1961 is seen as a call for a return to the elective principle for leading posts in the state organs. A Hungarian variant is praised: it seems that Kadar instituted the idea of a "second cast" of officials trained to replace those in power, and whose presence at the elbows of the leaders stimulated them to do their best lest they be replaced. The Communist Party's existence is justified as necessary to provide the representative of the whole society as a "means for the effective assertion of righteous specific interests." The author seems to be repeating the oft-stated claim that in today's complex society, the general public cannot be expected to choose the correct path, and they need guidance from those with knowledge and experience. To avoid repetition within the Party of the bureaucratism of the state organs, the Party must remain open to ideas and the advancement of juniors. This calls for democratic procedures, but balanced with centralism lest chaos in governing result. Thus, there is need for "democratic centralism," which all know as the hallmark of the Marxist oriented systems.


In this paper we introduce Γ-ideals and Γ-bi-ideals of Γ-AG- groupoids which are in fact a generalization of ideals and bi-ideals of AG- groupoids. we study some characteristics of Γ-ideals and Γ-bi-ideals of Γ-AG- groupoids. Specifically, we show that a Γ-AG-groupoid S with left identity e is fully Γ-prime if and only if every Γ-ideal in S is Γ-idempotent and the set of Γ-ideals of S is totally ordered under inclusion. We also prove the equivalent conditions for Γ-bi-ideals of S that is (1) every Γ-bi-ideal of S is Γ-idempotent, (2) H ∩ K = HΓK, where H and K are any Γ-bi-ideals of S and (3) the Γ- ideals of S form a semilattice (LS, ∧), where H ∧K = HΓK. Also we show that every Γ-bi-ideal of a Γ-AG-groupoid S with left identity e is a Γ-prime if and only if it is Γ-idempotent and the set of Γ-bi-ideals of S is totally ordered under inclusion. In the end we prove that every Γ-ideal in a regular Γ-AG-groupoid S is Γ-prime if and only if it is strongly irreducible.


In this paper, we offer an efficient parallel algorithm for solving the Graph Isomorphism Problem. Our goal is to construct a suitable vertex substitution or to prove the absence of such. The problem is solved for undirected graphs without loops and multiple edges, it is assumed that the graphs can be disconnected. 'e question of the existence or absence of an algorithm for solving this problem with polynomial complexity is currently open. Therefore, as for any time-consuming task, the question arises of accelerating its solution by parallelizing the algorithm. We used the RPM ParLib library developed by the author as the main tool to program the algorithm. This library allows us to develop effective applications for parallel computing on a local network in the .NET Framework. Such applications have the ability to generate parallel branches of computation directly during program execution and dynamically redistribute work between computing modules. Any language with support for the .NET Framework can be used as a programming language in conjunction with this library. For our experiments, we developed some C# applications using this library. The main purpose of these experiments was to study the acceleration achieved by recursive-parallel computing. Specially generated random regular graphs with varying degrees of vertices were used as initial data. A detailed description of the algorithm and its testing, as well as the results obtained, are also given in the paper.


A patient with cystic fibrosis was found to have pneumatosis coli associated with rectal prolapse. In cystic fibrosis there are several factors predisposing to pneumatosis, yet it is rarely reported. Symptoms are nonspecific, and the diagnosis should be considered in patients with cystic fibrosis or other chronic lung disease and vague abdominal complaints.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................v Vita .................................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .....................................................................................................................xv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................1 Student Motivation and Instructional Practices in Math Classrooms ..............................3 Objectives and Research Questions .................................................................................4 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................5 Organization of the Dissertation ......................................................................................6 Chapter 2: Literature Review ...............................................................................................8 Expectancy-Value Theory and Student Motivation ........................................................8 Expectancy-Value Theory: Expectancies, Task Value, and Cost ................................8


U) This report presents a theoretical framework for minimising a quadratic objective function subject to a quadratic equality constraint. The first part of the report gives a detailed algorithm which computes the global minimiser without calling special nonlinear optimisation solvers. The second part of the report shows how the developed theory can be applied to solve the time of arrival geolocation problem. RELEASE LIMITATION Approved for public release Published by Electronic Warfare and Radar Division DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organisation PO Box 1500 Edinburgh South Australia 5111 Australia Telephone: (08)7389 5555 Fax: (08) 7389 6567 © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 AR-014-772 June 2010 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Quadratic Optimisation with One Quadratic Equality Constraint Executive Summary The theoretical work presented in this report is motivated by the need to solve many defence application problems such as the time of arrival geolocation problem. The mathematical tools needed to solve such a localisation problem, are developed in detail in the first part of the report (Part I) and are based on quadratic optimization with one quadratic equality constraint. The main contribution of this work is the development of an algorithm which provides a step-by-step procedure to solve the problem and address solution feasibility and uniqueness issues. This algorithm relies heavily on linear algebraic transformations and optimality condition properties to efficiently and exactly determine the problem minimiser. The localisation of an emitter source or a receiver based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements is a demonstration example given in the second part of the report (Part II), which illustrates how the developed theory is used.


Gene silencing via promoter CpG island hypermethylation offers tumor cells growth advantages. This epigenetic event is pharmacologically reversible, and uncovering a unique set of methylation‐silenced genes in tumor cells can bring a new avenue to cancer treatment. However, high‐throughput tools capable of surveying the methylation status of multiple gene promoters are needed for this discovery process. Herein we describe an oligonucleotide‐based microarray technique that is both versatile and sensitive in revealing hypermethylation in defined regions of the genome. DNA samples are bisulfite‐treated and PCR‐amplified to distinguish CpG dinucleotides that are methylated from those that are not. Fluorescently labeled PCR products are hybridized to arrayed oligonucleotides that can discriminate between methylated and unmethylated alleles in regions of interest. Using this technique, two clinical subtypes of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, and grades I/II follicular lymphoma, were further separated based on the differential methylation profiles of several gene promoters. Work is underway in our laboratory to extend the interrogation power of this microarray system in multiple candidate genes. This novel tool, therefore, holds promise to monitor the outcome of various epigenetic therapies on cancer patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This work mainly presents a preliminary design for a pendulum experiment with both the source mass and the test mass in a striped pattern to amplify the Lorentz-violation signal, since the signal is sensitive to edge effects.


Over the past 40 years, heritage site management institutions have had to contend with expanding "boundaries of practice": the evolution of heritage concepts and the emergence of global and transnational threats and broader sustainable development issues. Yet, many heritage site management institutions are still mired in conventional heritage mandates and approaches. This study looks at the ability of World Heritage site management institutions to adapt to this changing landscape. Global monitoring exercises show that World Heritage sites are struggling with this increased complexity, with many sites under active monitoring, sometimes for years. The sluggishness of change suggests that a deeper understanding of the institutional dynamics and pathways of change is needed. Building on the literature on institutional change, this study focuses on adaptive capacity as the lens to understand the factors which support or inhibit change in the face of mounting pressures.� Well-developed in the context of climate change, the concept of adaptive capacity has so far not been applied extensively to the study of World Heritage management. The research examines three World Heritage case studies which are historic urban settlements in Southeast Asia: the Historic Town of Ayutthaya in Thailand, Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape in Lao PDR, and George Town in Malaysia, part of the serial nomination of the Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca, along with Melaka. Drawing upon the empirical data, six factors of adaptive capacity are proposed in the context of World Heritage site management: cognitive frame, learning capacity, formal governance structures, organizational relations, agency and resources. The dissertation confirms the utility of adaptive change concepts and methodology as an analytic device beyond the context of climate change in understanding the inherent characteristics of institutions to adapt and transform.� However, it finds that the existing adaptive change frameworks have their limitations, not capturing dynamic processes and interactions. In response to this, a refined framework for adaptive capacity is proposed to understand the interactions among different factors of adaptive capacity and their contributions to shaping overall institutional dynamics. The study has policy implications on re-structuring World Heritage policy, regulatory frameworks and organizational structures to move beyond conventional heritage conservation and management to deal with the greater complexity associated with expanding boundaries of heritage practice.


A Dynamic congestion control scheme for the DiffServ network is presented in this paper. Its basic idea is to set up a congestion control center for the DiffServ network, which will detect the running status of the network, and provide control instructions if necessary. Fuzzy control technology is applied when congestion control center is performing control decisions. And rate-based control policy is adopted on the network edge.


Abstract : The dynamics and kinetics of ion-molecule collision processes have been explored in flowing afterglow, flow-drift and single collision instruments using laser-induced fluorescence and Doppler resolved laser probing. The rate coefficients and branching ratio for the atmospherically important reaction, N2++o, have been studied. The rotational alignment of N2+ induced by collisions with helium has been characterized in uniform electric drift fields; a theoretical treatment has been developed to relate the observed alignment to the individual tensor cross sections in the collisions. The mobility and velocity distribution of Ba+ drifted in helium have been determined using single frequency laser-induced fluorescence. The vibrational and rotational product state distributions of the Penning ionization reaction, Ne + N2, have been characterized under single collision conditions. Keywords: Atmospheric chemistry, Penning ionization, Nitrogen oxygen, Barium, Neon.


A new kind of coupled transmission lines called two layer circular symmetric coupled microstrip transmission lines is introduced. This kind of coupled line can be used for several microwave and RF applications including RF MEMS as low crosstalk interconnects. First, the Laplace equation has been solved analytically in the structure to get to the potential distribution. Then the distribution of the charge on the strips has been obtained. Finally, the capacitance and inductance matrices have been calculated.


Due mainly to competitive pressures, the practice of offering electric and telephone service under contracts or special tariffs negotiated individually between a utility and its customers has increased in importance in recent years. Moreover, the practice is likely to become still more widespread in the future. This creates questions of public policy that are of interest to regulators and ratepayers alike such as how to supervise the practice, how to encourage utilities to compete while preventing cross-subsidization and anticompetitive behavior, and how the practice will ultimately affect utilities and ratepayers. This report sheds light on the topic by describing approaches that have been taken by the various regulatory commissions and by providing a framework for analyzing such contractors.


NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission is scheduled for launch in late 2014. The objective of the mission is global mapping of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state. Merging of active and passive L-band observations of the mission will enable unprecedented combination of accuracy, resolution, coverage and revisit-time for soil moisture and freeze/thaw state retrieval. For pre-launch algorithm development and validation the SMAP project and NASA coordinated a field campaign named as SMAPVEX12 (Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012) together with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and other Canadian and US institutions in the vicinity of Winnipeg, Canada in June-July, 2012. The main objective of SMAPVEX12 was acquisition of a data record that features long time-series with varying soil moisture and vegetation conditions over an aerial domain of multiple parallel flight lines. The coincident active and passive L-band data was acquired with the PALS (Passive Active L-band System) instrument. The measurements were conducted over the experiment domain every 2-3 days on average, over a period of 43 days. The preliminary calibration of the brightness temperatures obtained in the campaign has been performed. Daily lake calibrations were used to adjust the radiometer calibration parameters, and the obtained measurements were compared against the raw in situ soil moisture measurements. The evaluation shows that this preliminary calibration of the data produces already a consistent brightness temperature record over the campaign duration, and only secondary adjustments and cleaning of the data is need before the data can be applied to the development and validation of SMAP algorithms.


An apparatus in the form of an electrochemical device, comprising: a porous metallic field flux having a first face; and a layer of metal and porous gas diffusion bonded to the first face of the field of metal and porous flow, the gas diffusion layer comprising a matrix of gas diffusion and a metal current collector, the diffusion matrix comprising gaseous carbon fiber conductive , conductive carbon powder and hydrophobic bonding material.


Entrepreneurship research has been criticized for a lack of methodological rigor, although evidence suggests that from a methodological perspective, it is improving (Davidsson, 2006). In this paper, we systematically review the methods used in the study of nascent entrepreneurs to identify challenges associated with the data used in these studies. We also review the field's achievements — notably, the successful use of representative sampling of populations of nascent entrepreneurs — and we raise concerns about the predominant use of secondary data sets and the use of scales originally developed for large, established firms. Drawing on methodological advancements in other fields, we offer suggestions related to study design, data collection, sampling and measurement. Although some of the challenges we note are inherent to the nature of entrepreneurship, we hope our discussion can help researchers design better studies and better interpret their findings.


The ten-year study is conducted for the impact of fertilization as chemical fertilizer combined with root residue,straw and organic fertilizer on soil fertility,nutrient equilibrium and corn yield.The results show that the corn yield is decreased by 7.9% for single chemical fertilizer treatment;the yield is near same to that for chemical fertilizer combined with root residue treatment;the soil fertility is improved along with the corn yield increased by 17.1% for root residue combined with straw treatment.And the treatment is considered best for root residue combined with organic fertilizer on soil fertility improved and corn yield increased by 32.1%.The study is very important on fertilization recommendation,the establishment of high yield,high quality and low consumption cultivation system.


This study seeks to examine empirical the uses interest of Internet Banking KlikBCA Surabaya based of benefit, accebility and security perspectives. Research is designed by survey and used questionnaires. Research involved 100 respondents of BCA customers in Surabaya that using internet banking KlikBCA service. The result of this study comprise of 4 variables that obtained by researcher and analyzed using Warp PLS 3.00 indicates that correlation among benefit and security have significant effect toward internet banking interest use.But difference in variables that are security and benefit, in accessibility variable show that the result is insignificance then user accessibility have insignificant effect toward internet banking interest uses, therefore customers still face difficulty using application internet banking application/facilities.

Keywords : Internet Banking, Security, Accebility, KlikBCA


Purpose To investigate the relationship between pathological brain iron deposition and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), via Monte Carlo simulations of magnetic susceptibility imaging and a novel imaging marker called the Expected Iron Coefficient (EIC). Methods A synthetic pathological model of a different number of impenetrable spheres at random locations was employed to represent pathological iron deposition. The diffusion process was simulated with a Monte Carlo method with adjustable parameters to manipulate sphere size, distribution, and extracellular properties. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed in a clinical dataset to study CSVD to derive and evaluate QSM, R2*, the iron microenvironment coefficient (IMC), and EIC in the presence of WMHs. Results The simulations show that QSM signals increase in the presence of increased tissue iron, confirming that the EIC increases with pathology. Clinical results demonstrate that while QSM, R2*, and the IMC do not show differences in brain iron, the EIC does in the context of CSVD. Conclusion The EIC is more sensitive to subtle changes in brain iron deposition caused by pathology, even when QSM, R2*, and the IMC do not.


Objective To compare the effects of lung protective ventilation strategy(LPSV) and traditional ventilation strategy on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),ant to evaluate the clinical value of LPSV.Methods A total of 54 children with ARDS were randomly assigned to a conventional ventilation strategy(n=27,group A)or a protective ventilation strategy(n=27,group B).The ventilator settings,blood gas analysis results,oxygenation indexes,complications,duration of ventilator use and length of hospitalization were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with group A,LPSV significantly decreased peak airway pressure,tidal volume,incidence of pneumothorax and lung injury,duration of ventilator use and length of hospitalization,but obviously increased PaCO2 and oxygenation indexes(P0.01 or P0.05).There were no significant differences in PaO2 and case-fatality rate between group A and group B(P0.05).Conclusion The treatment with LPSV is relatively safe and effective for ARDS,and can improve lung oxygenation,maintain adequate PaO2,reduce ventilator-associated complications and shorten the duration of ventilator use and length of hospitalization.


In big cities thousands of public transportation is very easy to find because it fills the streets and can cause traffic jams. Another case that occurred in Berau District, public transportation was almost non-existent. On the streets private vehicles and transport companies dominate. The number of public transport fleets such as city transportation and buses, is very small in number. Berau Regency has many attractions, but tourists will find it difficult to find public transportation. This study aims to determine the selection of transportation mode choice in Berau Regency using the logit model with the assumed road users choose to use public transport or private transportation. Travel attributes that influence mode choice in Berau district are travel time, transportation costs, space availability, comfort and safety. The cost of private transportation is the same as the cost of public transportation, which is about 79% of people who will still choose to use private transportation. This condition will be achieved if the cost of public transportation is 1.4 times cheaper than the cost of private transportation.


The present study confirmed the identity of two Iraqi mushrooms by using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence; the genomic DNA of two isolates was
amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and the data analyzed through Basic Local Alignment Tool( BLAST) search was achieved using the National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The result shows that the nucleotide sequence of two mushrooms blasted against the sequence from the Gene
Bank database that Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii matched 99% and
100%, respectively. The second stage of the current study was the comparison of
different agro-waste, including wheat straw(WS), corncob(CC) and sawdust(SD)
supplemented with 25% wheat bran(W) and 2% calcium carbonate (CaCo3) on
mycelium growth, yield and biological efficiency (BE) of local oyster mushroom
which comparison with Chinese strain pleurotus ostreatus121 and pleurotus
eryngii 080. The highest growth average of local P. ostretus on the SD substrate
was 1.50 cm, and P.eryngii was recorded at 1.18 cm. The substrate CC was the
most suitable for the yield of mushroom local P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus121(485.40 and 418.50 g/bag, respectively), while local P. eryngii recorded 470.40 in the same substrate. It was also found that the WS substrate recorded
the highest BE for each local isolate and Chinese strain.
Keywords: Iraqi strains, Pleurotus spp., agricultural wastes, wild agricultural
mushrooms


The Forest Resources Committee hereby submits its report on its activities subsequent to its last report on July 4, 197 1 . Our Committee's strength now is 7 1 , in contrast to its membership of 58 one year ago. The officers of the Committee are: Norman J. Wiener, Portland, Oregon, Chairman; Charles M. Duecy, Scottsdale, Arizona, Vice-Chairman and Chairman on Subcommittee on Legislative Developments; James P. Rogers, Portland, Oregon, Chairman on Subcommittee on Judicial Developments. In October, 1971, our Committee submitted a report for publication to the Newsletter dealing with two recent decisions in the environmental law-timber industry arena. Currently an article is being prepared for publication in the Natural Resources Lawyer by Orval C. Harrison, Salt Lake City, Utah, entitled "Forest Management in Wyoming as Measured Against the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960." During the year this Committee instituted a program of reporting semiannually to each of its members on current legislative and judicial developments affecting the forest products industry. A copy of our first such report is attached. On the question of whether this Section should support the proposed establishment of a Department of Natural Resources (S. 1431), each member of this Committee was solicited for his views and the results forwarded to A. T. Smith, Chairman, Public Lands Committee. Lastly, this Committee has attempted to keep on top of national developments on the controversial question of whether clear cutting should be permitted on public lands.


The article highlights and analyzes the most serious threats and problems affecting the food security of modern society; carried out their classification according to the main features. It is determined that the right to meet the needs for food is an integral element of basic human rights: social, civil, economic, political, cultural. This right is realized on the basis of the state policy of food security, which is one of the main goals not only of the agrarian, but also of the country's economic policy in general, which forms the direction of the state's food system to an ideal state. Accordingly, food security is the ability of the state to guarantee its citizens, regardless of actual and potential threats, the satisfaction of food needs in volumes, quality and assortment that meet scientifically based standards and norms. It has been proven that the lack of equal access to land, water, natural resources, their irrational use, as well as limited economic opportunities due to political or armed conflicts undermine food sustainability at various levels. Formation of food security is a continuous process during which changing not only the mechanisms for implementing the national agrarian policy, but also development priorities.


In this letter, we build over earlier findings on the ambiguous behavior of the symmetrical linear arrays, which are used for the estimation of direction of arrival. These ambiguities arise due to the structure of the array and have direct impact on the uniqueness of the estimates. For a given array configuration, there may exist many such ambiguous sets of directions, which give non-unique estimates. We identify these ambiguous generator sets for a given symmetrical linear array. A new concept of ambiguous generator function is used to study the array ambiguities. The theoretical aspect of this investigation is followed by methods to calculate these ambiguous sets and is supported by a number of representative examples.


Today, three years before the first – extended – deadline of the EU landfill directive, Greece still relies on landfills for the disposal of over 85% of its waste, while waste production continues to grow at about 3% annually. The 2006 estimate for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) production is 5.3 million tons, while the Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW – putrescibles and paper) content is approximately 67%. Currently Greece has no incineration capacity, neither source separation of BMW (with the exception of paper recycling), while installed Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) capacity rises to about 500,000t. There are three MBT plants in the country, while a few more are under different stages of planning. Experiences from the design and operation of these plants are discussed along with the institutional framework and the status of the market for MBT products, and the prospects of Greece for meeting the landfill directive targets are explored.


The paper develops a monitoring, control and alarming solution of the temperature and humidity by the help of a controller, for the isolated spaces intended for the telecommunication equipments (shelter). This ensures a significant decrease of the electricity consumption and also a decrease of the management costs which are very high nowadays.


The invention provides a manufacturing process for excavator bucket teeth. The manufacturing process comprises the first step of heating iron ingots, the second step of forging billets, the third step of forging, pressing and forming the billets, the fourth step of trimming and punching the billets, the fifth step of performing identification on the bucket teeth, the sixth step of performing normalization, the seventh step of performing heat treatment, the eighth step of performing sand polishing and the ninth step of performing flaw detection. The manufacturing process for the excavator bucket teeth has the advantages that the hardness and abrasion resistance of the bucket teeth are enhanced through secondary forging and pressing; the performance of the bucket teeth is remarkably superior to the performance of bucket teeth produced through other methods after the bucket teeth are put into oil and quenched; the hardness and impact toughness of the bucket teeth are greatly enhanced, and more martensitic structures are obtained. Compared with a common investment casting, the abrasion resistance of the bucket teeth is enhanced by more than three times.


The invention provides a multi-working face combined filling system which comprises at least two to-be-filled working faces, a horizontal haulage crosscut, a filling station and a pipeline switching device, wherein all the to-be-filled working faces are communicated with the pipeline switching device through pipelines arranged in a gate roadway. The multi-working face combined filling system is additionally provided with the pipeline switching device, so that one filling station can provide fillers for multiple to-be-filled working faces, the occupied area of multiple filling stations and the purchase cost of the multiple filling stations can be saved, and the multi-working face combined filling system is simple to operate and convenient to use.


Submitted for the DAMOP16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Rapid, Site-Selective Loading of a Scalable Array of Trapped Ions COLIN BRUZEWICZ, ROBERT MCCONNELL, JOHN CHIAVERINI, JEREMY SAGE, MIT Lincoln Laboratory — Rapid trap reloading is a requirement for any scalable quantum information processor based on trapped-ion qubits. Even cryogenic systems with trap lifetimes in excess of 10 hours will require loading rates of approximately 100 s−1 to maintain arrays of millions of ions. Further, the reloading process should not introduce unacceptable levels of decoherence into other ions within the array. Here, we demonstrate rapid, site-selective, random-access loading of a 2x2 array of trapped ions that satisfies the major criteria for scalable quantum processing. This scheme uses a continuous flux of pre-cooled strontium atoms and a pair of orthogonal photo-ionization lasers to load surface-electrode point Paul traps at average rates greater than 400 s−1. Additionally, we have conducted a series of Ramsey experiments to measure the effects of loading on the coherence of nearby trapped ions. C. D. Bruzewicz, R. McConnell, J. Chiaverini, and J. M. Sage, arXiv:1511.03293 (2015). Colin Bruzewicz MIT Lincoln Laboratory Date submitted: 29 Jan 2016 Electronic form version 1.4