This study presents the results of a randomized treatment trial of family therapy and two control treatments for 119 outpatient opiate users. All treatments were combined with a methadone reduction programme. The control treatments were: (1) a 'standard' treatment (supportive psychotherapy) and (2) a 'low contact' intervention. Treatment outcome was evaluated six and twelve months after the initial assessment. Both the family therapy and minimal intervention groups had a significantly higher number of drug–free days at six and twelve months, compared to the standard treatment, despite receiving fewer treatment sessions. Across all treatments there was evidence for a gender difference in response to therapy in users who were in a couple relationship. In couples where both partners were using drugs women did significantly better than men. Men living with a non–drug–abusing partner fared better than men living with a drug–using partner. Across the treatment groups diminution in drug use was accompanied by improvements in psychosocial functioning. Unemployment, sharing needles and injecting drugs were predictive of poor outcome.


Sir: T he article by Houser and others, 'A Test of the S/P Ratio as a Correlate for Brightness Perception using Rapid-Sequential and Side-by-Side Experimental Protocols' (Leukos, 6(2):119) is reviewed here with the intent of providing some understanding of why those authors have come to such different conclusions than Berman and others. We discovered that the authors have made a number of subtle, but important errors in their statistical analysis. There are also a number of misunderstandings in their application of trichromacy. Our re-analysis leads to conclusion that their data raises very interesting questions regarding brightness constancy and color effects, but does not support most of their claims regarding trichromacy. With regard to the major points; contrary to what the authors claim, their article provides evidence that the side-by-side and rapid sequential methods of judging brightness are not the same. The experiment was not properly designed to test trichromacy, and does not provide evidence for its support. Finally, the study fails to show that CCT has no effect on brightness as claimed, because it leaves open the question of the effects of color on brightness constancy under the artificial conditions examined. We begin with a short review of the original claims for tetrachromacy in brightness perception. We then briefly describe the claims made for trichromacy at normal lighting levels in the reviewed article, and subsequently describe why we have concluded that the statistical analysis in support of these claims is incorrect. Finally we describe where the authors have misapplied trichromacy theory, and what this means to the interpretation of their results.


In recent years, the role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in automotive has been accentuated, as services requiring vehicle-to-infrastructure ("V2I") networks to communicate with off-board software have been multiplying. While current legislation, policies and network infrastructure generally limit such off-board services to infotainment (for example in-vehicle hotspots for media streaming, web browsing from passenger mobile devices) for safety and security reasons, many industry analysts but also the research community predict that the automotive landscape of 2025 will be different. Next generation mobile networks are expected to provide the necessary quality of service (e.g. low latency, high throughput) to support a broad range of applications, from infotainment to mission-critical telematic applications that involve partial or full remote vehicle control. At the same time, such mission-critical applications have already started to appear as Proof-of-Concepts (PoCs), in controlled environments (for example controlled sections of highways, or test tracks). In this paper, we investigate the role of Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in such applications. The paper starts from an overview of the current status of automotive/ICT industry from a market, policy and technology perspective. Subsequently, we present results from a study of two use cases performed within Ericsson Research. The authors use learnings from these use cases and the current industry status to form a general understanding on the challenges that MNOs will face as network infrastructure providers for automotive applications, as well as strategic options for MNOs to address these challenges.


Abstract US nuclear policy has led the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. Since the denial policy in the late 1940s, the United States has played a major role in establishing and evolving the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. It initiated the establishment of the IAEA, creation of the NPT and the London Guidelines, and led the indefinite extension of the NPT in 1995. The US nuclear non-proliferation policy is still the single largest linchpin for the prevention of horizontal nuclear proliferation as well as the most influential variable in international diffusion of nuclear energy technology, particularly that of developing countries. The non-proliferation measures exerted by the United States and other advanced countries—such as the international safeguards, export control, and prior consent, combined with political influence and diplomatic pressure—remain as powerful variables affecting the technological development of nuclear energy in developing countries.


In Reply.— Mr Potterat has put forward an interesting hypothesis to explain the higher prevalence of HIV infection among homosexual/bisexual blacks (66%) than whites (49%) in the San Francisco Men's Health Study. We have now analyzed data from the San Francisco Men's Health Study with respect to the occurrence of syphilis in the study population. Indeed, a higher percentage of blacks than whites (38% vs 28%) gave a history of syphilis, as suggested by Mr Potterat. However, syphilis was approximately equally reported by HIV-infected blacks and whites (42% vs 41%). To evaluate the independent association of syphilis with HIV infection, we performed a logistic regression analysis that included the following variables: syphilis, race (black or white), and the most important established risk factors for HIV infection (number of male sexual partners in the previous two years, number of partners with whom anal receptive intercourse had been carried out in the


(AP) Islamic student mili tants declaring they take orders only from the Ayatollah Ruhallah Khomeini and the Iranian people, rejected a suggestion by Iranian officials yesterday that they free their women and black hostages at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. It was the latest sign of a major split between Iranian authorities and hundredsjof stu dents who have been holding about 60 American and more than 30 non-American hostages since seizing the embassy Nov. 4. As the students reaffirmed their demand for extraditon. of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, U.S. and other diplomats hud dled at the United Nations over the Iran crisis. President Carter, who has banned Iranian oil imports and frozen Iranian government as sets in the United States, said in a speech yesterday to an AFL-CIO converntion in W ash ington that he was holding Iranian authorites " fully re sponsible'' for the safety of the hostages. " They will be held account able,'' he declared in a speech interrupted repeatedly by loud applause and whistles. But despite diplomatic efforts and mounting U.S. economic pressure, one Western source in Tehran reached by telepone from. Bonn, West Germany, said foreign diplomats believe it looks like a long siege. U.S. officials say the shah, hospitalized in New York for cancer treatment, may be well enough to travel in two weeks. The Mexican government is expected to give him refuge again, and he also has been invited to Eygpt. But one Iranian official, Am bassador to Britain Ali Afooz, said this would not cool the U.S.-Iranian conflict. " Egypt or Mexico--they're U.S. puppets. It doesn't m atter where h e goes,'' he told a London news conference. Adding to the uncertainty was a report by Tehran radio, monitored in Washington, that Khomeini has cancelled all ap-


Nigeria's social landscape has been inundated by an alarming spate of rape and child defilement cases, so much more that there is hardly a week without media reports of rape in the country. Records released by the Nigeria Police Force shows that a total of seven hundred and seventeen cases of rape and child defilement were recorded in the first five months of the year 2020. More alarming is the defilement of minors and underage children by adults. The foregoing raises concerns and the need to interrogate the causes of alarming cases of rape and defilement of minors in Nigeria. The mixed methods research approach was adopted to generate both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, an online questionnaire was designed and administered to a total of two hundred and nine Nigerians across various sectors and regions of the country. Besides, six (6) key informants, each from the Ministry of Women, Legal Department, National Human Rights Commission, NGO, religious leader and media practitioners, were interviewed. On the other hand, government reports, gazettes, journal and newspaper articles were used to generate secondary data. Findings show that defilement of minors in Nigeria is perceived from a socio-cultural perspective as an avenue for money rituals. Other causes include mental disorders of perpetrators, alcoholism and substance abuse. Effects of such acts are physical and psychological. Recommendations on ways of curbing the menace include life sentences, name shame of perpetrators, and strict enforcement of existing laws prohibiting rape and defilement in the country.


Different studies have been conducted in different contexts with different test subjects. One of the studies which stir the interest of language experts is the spelling abilities of the students. This book explores the spelling abilities of Thai students. However, this study is limited to certain students with certain criteria. Thus, this book does not generalize all Thai students. Reading this book will give you insights on how to address spelling difficulties of Thai students in learning a second language which is the English language.


A CMOS low noise, high sensitivity circuit suitable for detecting the change in capacitance along the sensing direction of a vibration gyroscope with interdigitized finger comb structure is presented. The circuit is sued in conjunction with a fully differential capacitor bridge, which is formed by the sensing port of the mechanical structure. A mathematical model of a gyroscope is established for electrical simulation with electrical equivalent circuit. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation using HSPICE show that as low as 0.2aF change in capacitance is detectable under ideal conditions. Two high frequency carriers of the same magnitude and frequency are used in the circuit. Simulation results review that the resolution of the technique is severely affected by the mismatch of the high frequency carries. The effect of parasitic capacitance, which is inherent in the silicon micromachining technology, can be greatly reduced by selecting appropriate circuit configuration.


Rail transit is developing rapidly in major cities of China and has become a key component of urban transport. Nevertheless, the security and reliability in operation are significant issues that cannot be neglected. In this paper, the network and station vulnerabilities of the urban rail transit system were analyzed based on complex network and graph theories. A vulnerability evaluation model was proposed by accounting metro interchange and passenger flow and further validated by a case study of Shanghai Metro with full-scale network and real-world traffic data. It is identified that the urban rail transit network is rather robust to random attacks, but is vulnerable to the largest degree node-based attacks and the highest betweenness node-based attacks. Metro stations with a large node degree are more important in maintaining the network size, while stations with a high node betweenness are critical to network efficiency and origin-destination (OD) connectivity. The most crucial stations in maintaining network serviceability do not necessarily have the highest passenger throughput or the largest structural connectivity. A comprehensive evaluation model as proposed is therefore essential to assess station vulnerability, so that attention can be placed on appropriate nodes within the metro system. The findings of this research are of both theoretical and practical significance for urban rail transit network design and performance evaluation.


Comparative ameliorative activity of polyherbal formulation (Livina) against a well-established hepatoprotective drug Silymarin was assessed against Diclofenac induced hepatic injury in swiss albino mice. To clarify its effect on liver functions, eight-week-old male mice were injected with Diclofenac at the single dose of 150 mg kg- 1 body weight intraperitonially once daily for 28 days. The hepatoprotective effect of polyherbal formulation (Livina) was comparatively evaluated with Silymarin (25 mg kg- 1 ) by measuring levels of serum markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), (γ- glutamyle transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid peroxidase (MDA), serum total protein and total and direct bilirubin levels in mice serum along with the histopathological studies to support the above mentioned parameters. The study found that the supplementation of Livina significantly (P<0.05, P<0.001) reduced the damaging effects on liver by Diclofenac. Histopathological changes (congestion of central vein, centrilobular necrosis and sinusoidal congestion) induced by Diclofenac were also reduced to a moderate extent in Livina treated mice. In both the cases the effectiveness of Livina were found to be almost parallel with Silymarin, indicating the herbal formulation to be almost as effective as the standard drug.


This paper studies the theory and design of a attenuation than their FIR counterparts. In [3], a class of LP class of recombination nonuniform FBs (RNFB) with low-delay RNFBs with cosine-rolloff transition band was designed using the (LD) FIR and IIR filters. The conditions for suppressing the REMEZ algorithm. It has been known that FBs designed with spurious response and achieving a good frequency cosine-rolloff transition band have reasonably good reconstruction characteristic for these LD FIR/IIR RNFBs are developed. errors and the approximate power complementary [3,8]. In this The proposed LD FIR RNFBs have a lower system delay than paper, the approach in [3] is first extended to RNFBs with FIR their linear-phase counterparts, at the expense of slight filters having lower system delay than their LP RNFB counterparts. increase in phase distortion of the analysis filters and They are then model reduced to an IIR RNFB by using modified arithmetic complexity. By model reducing the LD FIR model reduction technique proposed in [9]. The proposed LD FIR uniform FBs by the modified model reduction method, an IIR and IIR filters have a similar frequency characteristic as the RNFB with a similar characteristic can be readily obtained. A original LP analysis filters in the passband and the transition band design example is given illustrate the effectiveness of the with the group delays in these regions are slightly relaxed. As long proposed method. as the stopband attenuation of the LD and LP analysis filters are comparable, reasonably good reconstruction error will be achieved. INTRODUCTION One advantage of the proposed method using the modified model Filter banks (FBs) have important applications in speech, audio reduction technique is that the stability of the model-reduced filters image and array processing. The theory and design of uniform is guaranteed and the IIR filters obtained closely approximate the perfectreconstruction (PR) andanearlygperfectreconstruction (NPR) properties of the LD FIR filters. Another advantage of the FBs have been widely studied [1]. In applications such as signal proposed LD and IIR RNFBs is that they have approximately analysisa ncoding swith nonuniform frequency spacing have passband LP analysis filters, and hence a lower phase distortion the potential to offer more flexibility in time-frequency partitioning than their IIR nonuniform CMFBs counterparts [9]. and better performance. This has attracted considerable interests in The paper is organized as follows: The theory of RNFBs is designing nonuniform FBs [2-7]. One useful approach is the recalled in Section I. Section II is devoted to the matching indirect method proposed in [7], where certain channels of a condition and the design ofithe low delay FIR and JIR RNFBs. A uniform FB are merged using the synthesis FB of a recombination design example will be given in Section III to show the efficiency FB or a transmultiplexer (TMUX). The resulting FBs are called of the method. Finally conclusions are drawn in Section IV. recombination nonuniform FBs (RNFBs). One advantage of the 1 RECOMBINATION NONUNIFORm FILTER BANKS RNFB is that the PR property is structurally imposed as long as the original uniform and recombination filter banks are PR. Moreover, Figure 1 shows the structure of the RNFB considered in this if the number of channels of the uniform and recombination paper. Consecutive channels of a uniform M-channel analysis FB TMUX are coprime, the analysis and synthesis filters of the are combined using the synthesis filters of another FB having a resulting RNFB admit an equivalent linear time invariant (LTI) smaller number of channels, say mk as shown in the figure. The representation. In other words, the frequency responses of the analysis (synthesis) filters can be optimized directly, which sampling rate after recombination is reduced by a factor ofm considerably simplifies the design procedure. When the number of For simplicity, only the merging of the mk channels of an Mchannels of the uniform and recombination TMUX are nonchannel analysis bank are shown. Further merging of consecutive coprime, the analysis and synthesis filters are linear periodic time channels can be performed. Let the merged outputs be indexed by varying (LPTV). It was shown that Line Phase (LP) RNFB with good frequency characteristics can still be obtained even in the aegerk-the nub of hane non-coprime case by imposing relatively simple conditions on the merged at the k-th output. For critical sampling, we have FBs. A class ofRNFB based on the cosine modulation filter banks YK1 (Mk IM) = 1 . In the synthesis banks, each merged output will (CMFB) was proposed in [2]. Recently, the theory and design of pass through the analysis filters of the recombination FBs and they RNFBs with LP filters were studied in order to achieve RNFBs will be fed to the synthesis bank of the uniform FB for with good frequency characteristic [3]. The form of the analysis LP reconstruction. Each synthesis-analysis structure, involving anm filters is also analyzed in [3]. khne B scle MX t a bevdi 2 hti h In this paper, the design of a class of RNFB with JIR filters is canlF,i aldaTU.I a bevdi 2 hti h studied. Compared to FIR filters, JIR filters have the potential to TMUXs are PR, then they only introduce a signal delay in the offer lower system delay, sharper cutoff and higher stopband subband signal of the uniform FB. If these delays are properly 0-7803-9390-2/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE 895 ISCAS 2006 compensated in other subbands, then the system is PR if the response, passband and stopband of the various components, let's original uniform FB is PR. Further, if mk and M are coprime to examine the difference between the starting locations of the each, then the equivalent analysis filter of the k-th output is LTI. In passband edges of the supports of H/k +(c) and GC (c) . It can be the more general case, the analysis filters are LPTV as mk and M seen that all components in D16 ) constitute the passband of the are non-coprime. The discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) of LPTV filter A,(6o) if i= qmf y . However, D2(6) will the k-th merged output can be written as: 1he k-hmeredoutut bewrittenas) probably give rise to undesirable spurious response from the Y,(e) M = overlapping of the transition bands of H/k+i (c) and G, (co) . The imkco-2tT imkco-2tT source ofthe spurious response, which is the cross-term in D2() X) 01H +(e M )X(e M (1) causes bumping in the stopband of A,(6 ). Fortunately, it will be where X(ejc) and Yk(eje) are the input and the k-th subband shown below, similar to the result in [3] for the RNFBs with LP output of the RNFB. To save notation, we shall write X(ao) as filters, that the spurious response can be suppressed if the X(eJ.'~) , Y'j() as Y}eJ (e') for the input, output and other related appropriate conditions on the constant cl and a matching condition On the LD FIR or IIR analysis/synthesis filters are imposed. quantities. Here we assume that the merging of the mk channel TMUX starts at the Ik -th channel of the M-channel uniform FB. (1) II. RECOMBINATION NONUNIFORM FILTER BANKS can be written as: WITH LD-FIR AND IIR FILTERS Yk(CO) =I XkolA,A(co)X((mco-2nr)/M) (2) In the proposed FB, the analysis filters are either LD FIR or IIR M =0 filters. For the case of LD FIR filters with filter order N, its where frequency response can be written as H(ej"') = e-i]D/2HR() A,(o ink -i 2ir)/M)o)(3) Aj)=2 ^0 Gkj(o)H/k+((mkco2 ,)1M) (3) where HR(co) is a complex function. If HR(co) approximates a r=0.M ,1. A,(a ) should be designed to extract the frequency real function, then it represents approximately the magnitude components of X(a ) exactly. It is known that the TMUX can be response and the passband group delay is approximately constant and is equal to (D/2), which can be made smaller than (N/2) for its derived from an 1-skewed FB [10]. Let {G(z) Gh(z)} LP counterpart. In the latter case, HR(co) is real-valued. Further, i,..m,be the analysis filters and the synthesis filters of a 1=0.mI an LD FIR filter can be made approximately symmetry/antiuniform FB. The 1-skewed FB with the analysis filters and symmetry if the first (D+1) samples of its impulse response are synthesis filters {Gkj(z),Gkj(z)} satisfy Gkj(z)=Gj(z) and approximately symmetry/anti-symmetry. If filters H/Ak+0() and Gki(z)=z'G (z) For simplicity, we define G (co) in the LD RNFB are approximately symmetric, then their H/k +(w) = H/ + (mkG!o/M) . So (3) can be written as: frequency response can be written as: ~~ffO~~~~~ ink-i ~~~~~~~Hi + (CO) -e]aC0H/k+(c) , G,jco) -e]l8CR,t 6 A, (o) = e jX ok GC (c)H Hk+(co27-rlmk) , (4) k (0)) (6) Similar, if H/k +(co) and GC (co) are approximately anti-symmetric: = 0.,M1. Note that H/k +(w0) and Ci (w) can be written as:R_R k _~~~~~~~~~R --R H/(o /+()+H/+(),Af/k 6 zA/m H1+(w) je-]aOH/ki() I Hjk+i(co) j ) Hl+i () l +i (a)) =Hl+H (n) MmtI'Z/tk +i l (c) e-0Hk+(C)H X0~V i k Hl+'(C GC(co)=G+(co)+G (co), I/M a nI/M . G+(y)--je_ioGR(c(), GC7(co)--je GjR(co), (7) A where, H>R (co) and GR(co) are the corresponding amplitude Assume that the stopband edges of Hik+i(co) and Gj(o) lie ¢ k+l within [R(lk i)lMR 12M,(lk i1)/MR 12M] and responses, a and ,b are the passband group delay. Due to space [Ri/ mk R / 2m R (i 1) / m R / 2m respectively, and the limitation, we only consider LD FBs with filters that are symmetric k-k-I> m/k~ ~"~k] and when I is even and anti-symmetry when I is odd. The cross-term stopband attenuation is sufficiently high that it can be treated as in D () , which is the source of the spurious response and causes zero outside the region. Let's consider the right hand side of (4) 2 without the trivial delay: the bumps in the stopband of AT(a), becomes: ik1 -R D(cS) = n0 G (co)H/k +i(oi-2 nkr1 m>) e '("') u (C H (-2)rr R (C (C/+/k+ (w 2f2'r/k) (w)k =-D1(o) D2( ) D3( ) D4(o), -R j [ki+ t2Tm6,l() 8 where + C/k +/+1 H/k +1+i(co )G k +I (w)) (8) The cross-term can be cancelled


An important phase of the program on Materials for the Gasification of Coal of The Metal Properties Council, Inc. was directed to the subject of erosion-corrosion (EC). Specifically, this applies to material deterioration as a result of flowing corrosive gas carrying solid, particulate matter. Sophisticated laboratory apparatus was developed to simulate the full range of conditions occurring in an actual plant, including highly corrosive gases at high pressures, elevated temperatures, and erodent streams of actual or simulated char at high velocities and particle loadings. The body of experimental data obtained from the inception of this program in 1975 to the present was reviewed and analyzed, and a careful microscopic study was performed on selected specimens to determine major damage mechanisms. Results of these activities and suggestions for future research are detailed in this report. 14 refs., 59 figs., 35 tabs.


A new method for the synthesis of single-bit reconfigurable passive electromagnetic skins (1RP-EMSs) featuring advanced beam shaping capabilities is proposed. By using single-bit unit cells, the multiscale problem of controlling 1RP-EMSs is formulated as a two-phase process. First, the macroscale synthesis of the discrete surface current that radiates the electromagnetic (EM) field fitting the user-designed requirements is performed by means of an innovative quantized version of the iterative projection method (QIPM). Subsequently, the meta-atom states of the 1RP-EMS are optimized with a customized implementation of the System-by-Design paradigm to yield a 1RP-EMS that supports such a feasible reference current. A representative set of numerical results is reported to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach in designing and controlling single-bit meta-atom RP-EMSs that enable complex wave manipulations.


An experiment was made to find out the effects of mixing amount of polypropylene fiber on the fire resistance of high strength concrete with artificial sand. Temperature and the mixing amount of poly propylene fiber were used as test parameters. The result showed that its anti crack performance was significantly improved when the high strength concrete with artificial sand was mixed with polypropylene fiber. Within the test parameters, the compressive strength of concrete after fire was significantly increased when 1.5 kg of polypropylene fiber was mixed with 1m3 of concrete. However, when the ratio was 2 kg of polypropylene fiber for 1m3 of concrete, the quality lose of the concrete after fire was effectively reduced.


A study of cases and controls to identify the risk factors associated to suicide attempt was carried out in 162 adolescents of the health area belonging to "Julian Grimau Garcia" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba in the biennium 2003-2004, of which 54 had attempted against their lives and 108 didn't have history of that behavior (the latter selected with a ratio of 1:2). There was an estimate of the relative rate (odds ratio in English) and the percentage attributable risk in the exposed individuals, as well as the significance or not by means of the chi-square test, with a confidence


Termites are becoming economic pests because of their appetite for wood and wood products in human dwellings and building materials. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of these insects on the activities of public services in the city of Korhogo, located in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. Termite attacks was investigated in 3 public services of the city. A survey was conducted to identify the control methods used against these pests. The results showed that termite pests represent a real problem. A total of 7 species of termites responsible for attacks were collected. These species belong to the wood-feeders, fungus-growers and grass-feeders group. The fungusgrowers are the most involved in the observed attacks. Pseudacanthotermes militaris, which was involved in 54% of the attacks, was the most dangerous species. Termite attacks and damages were observed on doors, wooden shelves, ceilings, birth and marriage records. Surveys reveal that Original Research Article Coulibaly et al.; JSRR, 27(2): 85-93, 2021; Article no.JSRR.67135 86 only chemical control is used in these services to control termites. A total of four pesticides were used to control termites in the three services visited. These were Cypercal 50 EC, K-Othrine® SC25, Actellic® 50 EC and Furadan 3G. Unfortunately, these products appear to be ineffective in some services. It is therefore important to take more effective and environmentally friendly measures to limit the impact of these insects on the activities of the public administrations of the


This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.


Second order nonlinear optical effects have been thoroughly studied and used ever since the very first experiment in the early 1960's It is also well known that only materials lacking the center of inversion symmetry possess the second order susceptibility χ(2)[1]. At the same time, externally applied fields can break the symmetry and cause the so-called field induced second order susceptibility. For example, this effect is believed to be behind the "seeded" second harmonic generation (SHG) in glass fibers where external field is produced by space charge [2]. In insulating materials it is not difficult to apply external fields high enough to produce appreciable χ(2), One can then envision that this DC-induced SHG can be used to probe and map the distribution of the electric field. But what about the metals and semiconductors, where the electric fields are small while the currents can be quite strong? Here, using simple two-band model, we show that in the presence of a direct current a second order nonlinear susceptibility, proportional to the current exists.


A modified first-order system least squares formulation for linear elasticity, obtained by adding the antisymmetric displacement gradient in the test space, is analyzed. This approach leads to surprisingly small momentum balance error compared to standard least squares approaches. It is shown that the modified least squares formulation is well posed and its performance is illustrated by adaptive finite element computation based on using a closely related least squares functional as a posteriori error estimator. The results of our numerical computations show that, for the modified least squares approach, the momentum balance error converges at a much faster rate than the overall error. We prove that this is due to a strong connection of the stress approximation to that obtained from a mixed formulation based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle (with exact local momentum balance). The practical significance is that our proposed approach is almost momentum-conservative at a smaller number of degrees of freedom than mixed approximations with exact local momentum balance.


Quantum neural computation is a new paradigm based on the combination of classical neural computation and quantum computation, and it has the value for theoretic study and the potential of application, The intrinsic relation between the two computational paradigms was discussed. The theoretical foundation of the quantum neurodynamics were analyzed in detail. Finally some other related problems about quantum neural computation were discussed.


The present invention relates to compositions comprising glycoproteins having altered patterns of O-linked glycosylation, in particular Factor VII, Factor IX, and methods for making these. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


In this paper we consider local "complementary" generalized weighted Morrey spaces M p(·),ω,φ {x0} (Ω) with variable exponent p(x) and a general function ω(r) defining the weighted Morrey-type norm. We prove the boundedness of the Hardy operators in the spaces M p(·),ω,φ {x0} (Ω) in case of unbounded sets Ω ⊂ R. AMS Subject Classification: 42B20, 42B25, 42B35


Prologue PART I: OVERVIEW 2. Chester Barnard and the Incipient Science of Organization 3. Transaction Cost Economics PART II: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS 4. Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Strucutural Alternatives 5. Credible Commitments: Using Hostages to Support Exchange 6. Economic Institutions: Spontaneous and Intentional Governance 7. Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance 8. The Politics and Economics of Redistribution and Inefficiency PART III: ORGANIZATIONS 9. Transaction Cost Economics and Organization Theory 10. Calculativeness, Trust, and Economic Organization PART IV: PUBLIC POLICY 11. Delimiting Antitrust 12. Strategizing, Economizing, and Economic Organization 13. The Institutions and Governance of Economic Development and Reform PART V: CONTROVERSY AND PERSPECTIVES 14. Transaction Cost Economics Meets Posnerian Law and Economics 15. Transaction Cost Economics and the Evolving Science of Organization Glossary


Objective To establish an optimized method for localizing and protecting the pyramidal tract in resection of glioma in eloquent brain areas. Methods Functional magnetic resonance image (DTI) data were obtained with a 1.5T Siemens scanner and fused in a neuronavigation system in 13 cases of glioma in eloquent brain area. After pyramidal tract visualization by fiber tractography (FT) technique, the interface between the tumor and pyramidal tract was identified and marked in the neuronavigation. A self-made puncture needle for navigation and methylene blue-stained gelatin sponge were used to localize the pyramidal tract after the dura was opened. The cortical and subcortical direct electrical stimulation or "awake anesthesia" were used to protect pyramidal tract function during tumor resection. Results The pyramidal tracts were visualized and marked in the neuronavigation in all the patients. The interface between tumor and pyramidal tract were successfully localized before tumor resection. Pyramidal function was inspected and identified definitely during tumor resection in 10 patients. Tumor was totally resected in all the patients without operation-related motor function disorder, even with some improvement of motor function. Conclusion Combination of DTI-FT neuronavigation, direct simulation and (or) "awake anesthesia" is an optimal method for protecting functional against injury to the pyramidal tract, which also could let us identify the functional boundary of glioma in the brain white matter.


This guide is prepared for those who intend to present a paper in UMTIK 2016 to provide necessary rules in the preparation of content and appearance of the manuscripts. This document has the appearance of a paper written in accordance with the requirements given below. All authors are expected to follow these guidelines closely.


Based on several problems when carrying out the Technology Standard of Testing Concrete Intensity by Core Drilling Method CECS03:2007 in the project practice,discussion and analysis has been made,also the opinions and suggestions has been put forward when using core drilling method to evaluating the concrete intensity of solid structure.


This investigation presents electrostatic field measurements performed during cargo tank washing operations on one of the vessel's ballast voyages. These tests supplement similar investigation on the "J.T. Higgins" and the "James E. O'Brien" but differed in two respects. The "Ralph B. Johnson" was a 70,000 DWT vessel while the other two were of the 212,000 DWT class. The "Johnson" tests were performed in dirty oil-covered tanks while the tests of the larger vessels were clean and done on their maiden voyages. The magnitude of electrostatic field strengths generated aboard the "Johnson" were not uniquely different from those of the larger tankers. Machine washing dirty tanks generated negative fields that maximized in less than 15 minutes. Additional findings included variations in maximum fields for different tanks, variation in the rate at which fields decreased, and the affects "Yo-Yo" flushing operation, the operation of washing equipment and the Coppus blowers system had on field strength.


Freedom of expression is guaranteed by international treaties, but countries differ significantly in their view of the meaning of "free expression" and how it should be protected. Before the emergence of the Internet, each country could workably set its own ceiling for the protection of expression without having an adverse impact on other countries that might make a different choice. The borderless nature of the Internet makes it more difficult for despots and dictators to limit the access of their citizens to information from outside their countries' borders. But the conflict represented by this medium expresses itself in legitimate disputes over the application of national law. Each nation must apply its own rules of law without diminishing the freedoms available to citizens of other states. This article suggests that nations focus on applying the law of the country in which speech originates, following the view of the European Union.


I describe two ongoing projects related with variable stars in the satellites of the MilkyWay. In the first project, we are searching for dwarf Cepheid stars (a.k.a δ Scuti and/or SX Phe) in some of the classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Our goal is to characterize the population of these variable stars under different environments (age, metallicity) in order to study their use as standard candles in systems for which the metallicity is not necessarily known. In the second project we search for RR Lyrae stars in the new ultra-faint satellite galaxies that have been discovered around the Milky Way in recent years.


Conventional models of clientelism often assume poor voters have little or no choice over which local broker to turn to for help. Yet communities in many clientelistic settings are marked by multiple brokers who compete for a following. Such competition makes client choices, and the preferences guiding such choices, pivotal in fueling broker support. We examine client preferences for a pervasive broker—slum leaders—in the context of urban India. To identify resident preferences for slum leaders, we conducted an ethnographically informed conjoint survey experiment with 2,199 residents across 110 slums in two Indian cities. Contra standard emphases on shared ethnicity, we find residents place heaviest weight on a broker's capability to make claims on the state. A survey of 629 slum leaders finds client-preferred traits distinguish brokers from residents. In highlighting processes of broker selection, and the client preferences that undergird them, we underscore the centrality of clients in shaping local brokerage environments.


The development of the media competence of the children and young people of our society needs from a formation or education in the use and consumption of the mass media. These must be realized from a critical perspective. For the design and inclusion of the mass media in the curriculum it is necessary to investigate firstly in the grade of attainment of the competence, situation that we present in this paper. Concretely we offer the results reached in a study on the achievement of the media competence in students of 4th level of Primary Education, carried out in Andalusia. To obtain the information a questionnaire was applied online. The results show the existence of three levels in the development of the media competence and significant differences between different variables, as sex and age.


induced immune hemolytic anemia. WV Med J 1975;71:327-32. 32. Nelson RB Jr, Nelson RB III. Methyldopa-associated intravascular hemolysis. Arch Intern Med 1977;137:1260-1. 33. Patten E, Beck CE, Scholl C, Stroope RA, Wukasch C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with anti-Ike specificity in a patient taking Aldomet. Transfusion 1977;17:517-20. 34. Kossman CEo Drug-related immune hemolytic anemia. J Tenn Med Assoc 1978;71:751-4. 35. Horwitz CA. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia-drug-induced type. Postgrad Med 1979;66:199-202. 36. Schreiber AD. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Pediatr Clin North Am 1980;27:253-67. 37. Hyer SL, Knell AJ. Cirrhosis and haemolysis complicating methyldopa treatment. Br Med J 1977;1:879. 38. Kirtland HH III, Mohler DN, Horwitz DA. Methyldopa inhibition of suppressor-lymphocyte function-a proposed cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. N Engl J Med 1980;302:825-32.


In-depth details are provided for mechanistic analyses conducted for the asphalt pavements of the FHWA accelerated loading facility (ALF) by using available programs, including KENPAVE, WINLEA, EVERSTRS, EVERFLEX, and VESYS 5W. These pavements were constructed by using highly modified and unmodified asphalt binders. The described analyses focused on primary response under the ALF pavements. This study included multilayer elastic theory (MLET) solutions, finite element analysis, and analysis using the VESYS 5W program. Predictions of the primary response for the fatigue mode included the horizontal tensile stress and strain at the bottom of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer and for the rutting mode included the vertical compressive stress and strain on top of each pavement layer. The impact of loading frequency and stress sensitivity (nonlinearity) on fatigue primary response, rutting primary response, and principal stresses was investigated. The frequency did affect the fatigue tensile stress and strain, primarily at the bottom of the HMA layer. It also affected the major and minor principal stresses, particularly at the bottom of the HMA layer. The frequency effect on the rutting compressive stress was insignificant, whereas it was considerable for the compressive strain within the HMA layer. The MLET solutions that used a linear elastic base provided reasonable predictions for the measured tensile strains for highly modified and unmodified asphalt pavements with an absolute percentage error in the range of 0% to 15% percent in most cases. The solutions of the MLET and VESYS 5W programs were capable of providing good predictions of the vertical deformation within the HMA layer that correlated well with the measured permanent deformation values.


In this paper, we present a novel time domain diversity transmitter (TDDT) for the Spectrally Efficient Asymmetrically and Symmetrically Clipped Optical (SEASCO) OFDM System. SEASCO-OFDM was developed to reduce the complex architecture of two frame ASCO-OFDM. It uses a single frame to combine the individually clipped data on odd and even subcarriers to yield a real non-negative signal. In addition, TDDT, which is used as transmitter, implements noise clipping. As a result, better symbol error rate (SER) can be witnessed. For 1024-QAM at SER of 10-3, the system experiences 1.35 dB better SNR.


In a isolated condition under greenhouse the herbicide tolerances of soybean variety '356043' to target herbicides(glyphosate and tribenuron),conventional herbicides(quizalofop and lactofen) and the soil-applied herbicides(acetochlor) have heen evaluated by laboratory inside bioassay.The tesults showed that soybean variety '356043' presented a higher tolerance to glyphosate and tribenuron-methyl with the safe dosage of 922.5~2 460.0 g a.i./hm2 and 10.1~29.6 g a.i./hm2 respectively;nevertheless,variety Jack and Kefeng 6 were absolutely died under the glyphosate treatment with a dosage of 922.5 g a.i./hm2 and performed significantly phytotoxicity symptoms under the tribenuron-methyl treatment with a dosage of 10.1 g a.i./hm2.The soybean variety 356043 presented a higher tolerance to the conventional herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl,lactofen and acetochlor as well.There were no significant differences of tolerance to the conventional herbicides to be found between the herbicide-tolerant variety '356043' and the gereral variety Jack and Kefeng 6.


The authoring approach to the solution of some aspects of a complex problem of quality provision of the is professional-oriented preparation of students of agricultural high schools on technical disciplines is observed. In introduced job the essence of a developed method of analysis of the complicated technical installations is stated and effects of perennial approbation of its efficiency are introduced. The developed method is invariant concerning engineering system phylum, and its analysis is performed on a concrete instance.


The factorization of diffractive ep cross sections into a (perturbatively accessible) matrix e lement and a diffractive structure function was proven for the case of DIS by Collins in 1998. Diffractive dijet and open charm production provide a valuable probe to testing factorization and characterize possible mechanisms of factorization breaking. Measurements of diffractive dijet and open charm production in DIS and photoproduction made with the H1 detector at the HERA accelerator are presented. Diffractive events were identified by a rapidity gap selection. The resulting differential cross sections are compared to QCD calculations in NLO, based on structure functions extracted from inclusive diffraction. The cross section measurements of diffractive open charm production in DIS and photoproduction agree well with the NLO QCD predictions, supporting factorization. The prediction also describes the dijet data rather well at low momentum fractions zIP of the diffractive exchange carried by the gluon, where the gluon density is known well from the observed scaling violations of the inclusive diffractive data. A new set of parton densities is obtained b y the simultaneous fit to the inclusive diffractive data of previous measurements and the new dijet results. The diffractive dijet cross section in photoproduction is significantly suppressed wit h respect to the expectations from QCD factorization.


Portable electrochemical sensors based on noble metal nanoparticles (МеNPs) for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, methionine, glutathione) are discussed. These sensors have high sensitivity (pM), with low sample requirements (<50 μl). This article discusses methods for producing sensors based on silver and gold nanoparticles and their application in voltammetry. It is shown that the sensitivity of H2O2 determination on a sensor based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depends on their size. Their size is determined by the reducing agent. Sensors based on AgNPs of spherical shape with the smallest size from 0.5 to 17.5 nm have the highest sensitivity for determining H2O2, but a narrow range of determined concentrations. Sensors on medium-sized AgNPs have optimal metrological characteristics. Their size is from 10 to 55 nm, less sensitive, but with a wide range of determined concentrations from 0.1 to 1 nm H2O2. The linearity of the range of glutathione concentrations is 1.0-10.0 pM. The linearity of the range of determined concentrations of methionine is 1–26 рМ.


It is unclear why some patients with brain tumors present with seizures while others do not. As deformations of the brain due to the tumor growth are suspected to be in part responsible for seizures, we decided to compare the differences between the brain deformations in patients presenting with seizures versus those who did not. We modeled the brain deformations by estimating the non-linear transformation which registers the postoperative image - assumed to represent the normal brain - to the preoperative image - representing the brain deformed by the tumor - on a dataset of 19 brain tumor patients. We then estimated the determinant of the Jacobian of the corresponding deformation field and built histograms of the distribution of the deformations for each image. Statistical tests performed on the histograms of seizure and non- seizure patients led to some significant differences suggesting that a higher ratio of tissue compression could be the cause of seizures.


In this paper, six-band resonant fractal antenna architecture is proposed and fabricated. The ultimate shape is established after six iterations. The resonator is starshaped, and each iteration, a hexadecagon shape from the resonator is subtracted. The antenna is designed and calculated by the numerical simulation based on the finite element method (ANSYS HFSS) and finite integration technique (CST studio). The experimental measurements were performed by the vector network analyzer AVR ROHDE AND SCHWARZ ZVB20. The gain is 4.85 dB, and the bandwidth is 0.33 GHz. The antenna's structure allows it to work effectively in the GSM, DCS, LTE, WiMAX, WLAN, and C bands. The designed patch has a compact size of (75×75×1.6) mm3 uses as a support the FR-4 substrate for wireless equipment.


ABSTRACT Analysis to 9 (nine) years education compulsory for children with requirements under the criminal law - law number 11 of 2012 about the Juvenile Justice System, advised by Kunti Widayati, SH, M. Hum, as a supervisor I and Ony Rosifany SH, M. Hum as Supervisor II. Penalty clause is one of the ways which the application of criminal supervision and implementation is done outside the prison, while the requirements for implementing the penalty clause is required to attend the 9 (nine) years education compulsory as mentioned in chapter 73 article (8) Constitution of Juvenile Justice System. The program of education compulsory to fulfill the state's responsibility in terms of education services is one of the requirements that must be implemented to children in conflict with the law under the supervision of the Public Prosecutor and guided by Supervisor Society. The 9 (nine) years education compulsory activities to children with sentenced to penalty clause handled by the Education Department in collaboration with several agencies such as the Social Service District City, KPAI Province, Central Office of Correctional Class II, the Court, the Prosecutor and the local police. It is recommended to do enhancement and improvement of coordination between relevant institutions that deal with children in conflict with the law to increase the 9 (nine) years education compulsory program of children with penalty clause.  Keywords :children, education, criminal, law


We report the results from three geo-electrical surveys carried out in a hydrocarbon-contaminated site, a volatile organic compound-contaminated site and a waste disposal site, respectively. In these cases, polluted soil and waste deposits show the electrical properties unlike those estimated from the original source. We try to explain these phenomena from the geo-electrochemical change caused by geochemical and biochemical decomposition. We conclude that induced polarization (IP) method from which many geo-electrical information (resistivity and some IP parameters) is obtained is effective in the investigation of contaminated soil and wastes. Moreover, the time-differential tomography which observes a temporal change of geo-electrical properties is also useful in above investigations. We expect that these geo-electrical information will be applied to the wide field including not only detection of the contaminated soil, but also monitoring of pollutants in ground and evaluation of hydraulic parameters for behaviour prediction and repair design of pollutant in soil.


We collected the clinical information of 21 in-patients diagnosed as Lyme disease in Peking Union College Univemity Hospital from Apr. 1994 to Jan. 2008. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, therapy and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. 16 of 21 (76%) patients had fever, 14 of 21 (67%) eases had skin lesion, 17 patients had nervous symptoms, 10 cases showed arthrosis and only 2 of 21 eases involved in heart. The antibiotics of penieilin,ceftriaxone and doxyeycline were used for therapy. All of the 21 patients improved clinically and discharged. 12 cases were followed up for 1 month to 12 years and 2 of them relapsed, both of whom were in Stage Ⅲ. 8 cases remained persistent symptoms. As the manifestations of Lyme disease are complicated, for clinical borderline cases the prompt detection of etiological agent may be useful for early diagnosis. The antibiotic therapy should begin as early as possible to avoid developing chronic Lyme disease.

Key words:
Lyme disease;  Disease attributes


The development status of worm and wormgear oils at home and abroad were described.Its bench evaluation method and application technology were discussed.And suggestions on developing worm and wormgear oils in China were given.


To increase their business volume and remain competitive, systems contractors must propose competitive and feasible solutions to customers. However, Engineer-To-Order industrial situations become challenged by the lack of relevant information. This article, to help companies to overcome this problem, presents two confidence indicators, their evaluation methods, and a way to use them during a design process. These indicators allow evaluating a company's future ability to offer a solution during a bidding process.


Recent improvements on the preparation of silica gel-glass dispersed liquid crystals (GDLC) are presented. In these materials, liquid crystal microdroplets are trapped into a silica matrix. The feasibility of using these devices as electrooptical shutters is studied. It has been found that GDLC optical transmission and switching can be improved by addition of titanium monomers to the starting reactants employed in GDLC preparation. On the other hand, switching times are reduced by addition of ethanol. The influence of these dopants on droplet size is also studied.


A mathematical expression for the optical limiting threshold is derived according to the nonlinear absorption model.Based on the theoretical expression,the influence of optical physics parameters on the optical limiting effect,such as nonlinear absorption parameter,linear transmissivity and effective excited-state absorption cross-section,were investigated with the experimental data obtained at the wavelength of 532 nm and in the pulse width of 40 ps by means of coordination polymer[Cd(L_4)(SO_4)(H_2O)_2]n.The research on the nonlinear optical properties and the optical limiting characteristics of the laser protection material provides the theoretical and experimental bases for preparing the much better optical limiting material.


Ultrasonic guided waves have been used successfully in structural health monitoring systems to detect damage in isotropic and composite materials with simple and complex geometry. A limitation of current research is given by a lack of freely available benchmark measurements to comparatively evaluate existing methods. This article introduces the extendable online platform Open Guided Waves (http://www.open-guided-waves.de) where high-quality and well-documented datasets for guided wave-based inspections are provided. In this article, we describe quasi-isotropic carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plates with embedded piezoelectric transducers as a first benchmark structure. Intentionally, this is a structure of medium complexity to enable many researchers to apply their methods. In a first step, ultrasound and X-ray measurements were acquired to verify pristine conditions. Next, mechanical testing was done to determine the stiffness tensor and sample density based on standard test procedures. Guided wave measurements were divided into two parts: first, acoustic wave fields were acquired for a broad range of frequencies by three-dimensional scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Second, structural health monitoring measurements in the carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plate were collected at constant temperature using a distributed transducer network and a surface-mounted reversible defect model. Initial results serving as validation are presented and discussed.


This paper uses the successful experiences of some universities in Hong Kong and mainland China in implementing subject librarian system as a source of reference,and connecting some years'practical explorations of Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus library,this paper probes into the route choice and work idea for implementing the subject librarian system in independent college.


Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities undergo a number of processes as part of its manufacturing procedure in order to optimize their performance. Among these processes is a high temperature hydrogen degas heat treatment used to prevent 'Q' decrease. The heat treatment occurs in the processing sequence after either chemically or mechanically polishing the cavity. This paper summarizes the hydrogen measurements during the heat treatment of a sample of chemically and mechanically polished single-cell and nine-cell 1.3-GHz cavities. The hydrogen measurements are analyzed according the polishing method, the polishing history, the amount of time that the cavity was baked at 800°C, and the temperature ramp rate.


In light of the fact that three of the five healthiest meals on earth are fermented, fermentation came into focus of both customers, product developers, and researchers all around the world. Even in the cosmetics industry, fermented cosmetics have been increasingly introduced, creating a market emphasising the positive image that healthy fermented substances are environment-friendly and that it also aids skin health. Moreover, discovering usages for various naturally occurring organo-mineral rocks is a growing area of research. Thus, this study's aim was to combine the benefits of alginite and Lactobacilli (LAB) for cosmetic applications and investigate their combined effect on the skin considering the fermentation parameters as well, such as biomass and lactic acid concentration. The examined LAB strains were Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Lactococcus lactis, and a non-LAB probiotic strain Bifidobacterium adolescentis was also studied for the same purposes. The cell-free broth, also called as "filtrates", of the fermentations—both those that included alginite and those that did not—were tested for skin moisturising with a corneometer and for antioxidant activity with DPPH scavenging, as well as for skin-whitening properties with the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase. The findings suggest that the combination of alginite and Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a potential novel cosmeceutical component with skin tanning capabilities. This result may help create more readily available, environmentally friendly, natural, and sustainable cosmetic ingredients.


In use of a multi-link flexible manipulator in general environments such as homes and offices, collisions between the flexible manipulator and various obstacles and/or working humans is unpredictable and brings serious damage to the manipulator and humans or obstacles. For example, when the flexible manipulator is used for assistant of the meal, humans or obstacles can be moving in the work space of the flexible manipulator. It causes the collision between the flexible manipulator and the unknown obstacles and there are the cases which cannot be avoided the collision. In order to reduce the damage of the manipulator and the humans and then to re-plan the path plan to the desired position, the unexpected contacts or collisions should quickly be detected and the collided link should be identified for reacting to suspend the motion of the manipulator and for planning new path. This paper presents a method of collision detection for each link of a two-link flexible manipulator by introducing respective collision detection function based on residual processes generated by the innovation process of a nonlinear state estimator. Furthermore, the mathematical structure of collision detection for each link is investigated.


On the basis of detailed analysis of the zero sequence measurement admittance distribution in the indirectly earthed power system, a new fault detecting method of summation of the outgoing feeder measurement admittance mutual difference is proposed. This method has effectively increased the difference of the fault judging quantity in fault feeder and non-fault feeders, and the protecting abundant degree has been also greatly enhanced. The anti-interference capability of this method can be greatly increased because the method uses a great amount of the fault judging information. The simulation and operation results indicate that this method is effective.


Both the law and the language are elements of culture, a set of facts of social character. Language, as one of the structures serving human existence in public reality, is rooted in culture. Legal language is a manifestation of institutional reality in which certain fixed semantic codes, relative to explaining legal terms and their interpretation are adopted. Understanding the law as a cultural fact and a way of participation in culture assumes comprehension of legal language as a culture construct. It influences the notion of interpretation. Conviction about ontological dependence of language from culture, in which various interpretation objects coexist, causes that human interpretational activity is strongly conditioned by culture. From the scientific perspective, related to the relationship of language and culture, there is a division into two fundamental trends of adopted ontology. The first one of them supposes the primordiality of language over culture, the second, on the other hand, refers to the conviction that language is a product of culture. Correlation between relationship of language


The invention relates to a micro-optical displaying means (30) for security papers, value documents and other data carrier with a halftone image device for displaying a halftone target image (70) with n> 2 levels of brightness, comprising: - is located a subject image (90) arranged in a plurality of periodically or at least locally periodic location grid cells (92) are arranged in each imaged and threshold-transformed areas of the halftone target image (70) - a viewing screen of a plurality of viewing grid elements, which reconstructs the halftone target image in consideration of the motif image with n brightness levels of the cells arranged in the imaged and threshold-transformed areas, - are being formed the imaged and threshold-transformed areas of the halftone target image (70) having sub-regions (94, 96) containing a k forms a predetermined optical characteristic, where 1 <k applies <n, and wherein by the threshold value transformation, the frequency of occurrence of an image part of the halftone target image (70) in the location grid cells (92) is given by the brightness level this image part in the target halftone image (70).


Sol-gel derived optical SiO_2 thin films have good physics and chemical characteristics and wide applications prospects.Process control for sol-gel derived optical SiO_2 thin films is studied in this paper.Sol and thin films are characterized by TEM,FTIR,AFM and ellipsometer,respectively.The results will be useful in the industrialization of the perfect film material with excellent properties.


We report the in-plane anisotropy of the upper critical field (Hc2) and the flux-flow resistivity (FFR) for a layered organic superconductor β′′-(ET)2SF5CH2CF2SO3 with the incoherent nature of the interlayer transport. The in-plane angular dependence of Hc2 showed a fourfold oscillation with maxima in the directions around H || b and a axes. This result is compatible with a \(d_{x^{2} - y^{2}}\) order parameter. The determined nodal structure is consistent with theoretical predictions of superconductivity mediated by charge fluctuations. Moreover, the dependence of the FFR on in-plane field-orientation showed a fourfold symmetry with cusp-like minima in the directions around H || b and a axes, which is very similar to the FFR for κ-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2 with d-wave pairing symmetry. From these results, we claim that the vortex dynamics is strongly affected by the superconducting gap structure for highly two-dimensional superconductors with d-wave pairing symmetry.


' (Horst, 1966; Burkheimer, Zimmerman and Williams, 1967). Here p is the constant probability of guessing correctly, N is the number of test items, is the mean score, and s : is the variance of the scores. This simple result does not allow for certain possibilities which may arise in testing procedures. Specifically, the probability of guessing correctly when an answer is not known may vary from one item to another and from one examinee to another. It appears reasonable to suppose that both these kinds of variation may occur in a testing situation, partly due perhaps to elimination of varying numbers of wrong choices on items which are not known. An-, other cause might be omission of items by some examinees or;


Snow and permafrost are significant climatic factors affecting the climate in high latitudes and especially in arctic regions. Moreover, results of conducted scientific studies have shown that snow is crucial for photosynthetic activity and therefore vegetation vigor and growing season in arctic environments.
This master thesis aims to investigate the changes in photosynthetic activity in Zackenberg, located in the eastern coast of Greenland with estimation of the fluctuation of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite images and the changes in snowmelt and active layer thickness with the study of ground data obtained by scientific measurements conducted in the established research station of Zackenberg.
Moreover, this study tries to relate the variations in photosynthetic activity expressed by the vegetation index with snow depth and length of snow season, as well as with properties of permafrost, like the thickness of the active layer. The time period for which this study is conducted includes the last 10 years, between 2005 and 2014. Analysis is performed with the help of statistics and by using principles of regression analysis.
Results show fluctuations in photosynthetic activity as well as in the duration of the growing season. Furthermore, correlations between snow depth and time of snowmelt (expressed by snow cover percentage) and photosynthetic activity are detected from the regression analysis, showing that snow depth and time of snowmelt affect the seasonal vegetation activity and enhancing the argument on the importance of snow for the high northern latitudes. On the other hand, results from the regression analysis show that photosynthetic activity is not affecting the active layer thickness.


We study automorphism groups of fibered surfaces for finite cyclic covering fibrations of an elliptic surface. We estimate the order of a finite subgroup of automorphism groups in terms of the genus of the fiber, the genus of the base curve, the covering degree and the square of the relative canonical divisor.


The implementation of total-field/scattered-field (TF/SF) boundary for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based upon FCC grids was proposed in this paper. The update equations of the electric and magnetic field components on the TF/SF boundary are derived. The effectiveness of the TF/SF boundary is verified by simulating the amplitude distribution of the vertical and oblique incident plane waves in the whole calculation region. This research can provide necessary basis for further analyzing electromagnetic scattering of targets using FDTD method based upon FCC grids.


Schaefer model is extensively used for efficient fishery management. Generally, due to mathematical convenience, the assumption is made that the fish population is in equilibrium. In this paper, the procedure for fitting a nonequilibrium Schaefer model is described. Comparative performance of the equilibrium vis-a-vis nonequilibrium version is carried out on catch and effort data of Bombay duck (Maharashtra) during 1974-'84. As the results obtained by the two approaches are found to differ markedly, it is concluded that nonequilibrium approach should invariably be adopted in order to capture reality.


Objective:To analyze and summarize how to diagnose and deal with the pregnancies with short femurs in fetus.Methods:To review 276 cases whose femurs were short for their age(≥1 week) found in our hospital from January 2005 to April 2007.We compared the results of postnatal following-up with prenatal diagnosis.Results:In our report cases,most fetuses were normal and their femurs were slightly short(≤2w).24.28 % cases were caused by FGR.We also found that 26 cases with lethal skeletal dysplasia and 5 cases with non-lethal skeletal dysplasia accompanied seriously short femurs.There were 3 fetuses with tirsomy 21.Conclusion:When we find a fetus's femurs is short for it's age,we should consider multiple indexes and synthesize the history,the results of other examination,then we can judge and deal with the case correctly.


Data on adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain structure are conflicting. To address this issue, investigators examined MRI data from a


Recent developments in the technology for sequencing the genomes of various species has had a profound effect of the working paradigms of various fields of genetics. Included among these fields is the classical field of quantitative genetics, which is a subfield of statistical genetics, that is devoted to traits that can be quantified on some continuous scale and are often influenced by alleles at many loci. In recent years, many investigators have conducted genome wide sweeps and have used a variety of statistical criteria to judge whether identified regions of the human genome have a significant influence on the expression of some quantitative trait such as measurements on patients with Alzheimer's disease. From the point of view of quantitative genetics, the regions of a genome that have some influence on a quantitative trait may be viewed as loci, and variations among these loci at the $DNA$ level, such as nucleotide substitutions or other markers, may be used as working definitions of alleles, and, therefore, can be used to determine whether an individual carries a particular allele at some locus. Given such data, an investigator can identify the genotype of each individual in a study, with respect to the loci under consideration as well as the two alleles present at each locus in a diploid species such as man. This ability to use these working definitions to identify the genotype of each individual in a sample results in a significant change in the working paradigm of sub-field of quantitative genetics, called variance and covariance analysis, because effects and components of variance and covariance may be estimated directly in a sense that will be described in detail in the paper.


Measurements and calculations concerned with the conductances and partial molal volumes of La, Nd, Sa, Ga, Dy, Er, and Yb chlorides are reported in the aqueous concentration range 0.02 molal to saturation. Osmotic and activity coefficient determinations for aqueous solutions of La, Ne, Sa, Ga, and Dy chlorides were also carried out in the concentration range 0.1 molal to saturation. A discussion of general theory is included along with experimental data and a bibliography comprising 144 references. (J.R.D.)


The degree to which a part must be cleaned depends, of course, on its ultimate application and specific intended function. One might consider a part that allows an airplane to fly (continue to fly) to be more critical than a component that allows an automobile to operate. Similarly, a brake component on an automobile could be considered more critical than an engine component. But criticality of function is only one criterion. One must also consider the sensitivity of the part to contaminants. For example, the clearances between moving parts can establish the size of particles that can cause a problem.


The ageing of the population has a profound impact on many of aspect of society. In the case of the Czech Republic, this demographical phenomenon is accompanied by structural changes on the labour market and the impact of the recent economic crisis. Selected active ageing policies have been implemented in an effort to decrease early exits from the labour market, however both employers and employees often take into account the difficult situation of the slowly recovering economy when considering their prolonged labour market activity. The age management as a tool to deal with an ageing workforce is already recognised by some of the larger employers, but considered to be rather unnecessary, as well as unaffordable by small and medium enterprises. Self-employment and part-time work of older workers have recently become important policies but they also put further pressure on the individual to deal with the risks and externalities. The older Czech workers are underrepresented in lifelong learning, especially those with less than secondary education. The transfer of good practices and the support from ESF, among others, are considered among the most effective courses of action.The ageing of the population has a profound impact on many of aspect of society. In the case of the Czech Republic, this demographical phenomenon is accompanied by structural changes on the labour market and the impact of the recent economic crisis. Selected active ageing policies have been implemented in an effort to decrease early exits from the labour market, however both employers and employees often take into account the difficult situation of the slowly recovering economy when considering their prolonged labour market activity. The age management as a tool to deal with an ageing workforce is already recognised by some of the larger employers, but considered to be rather unnecessary, as well as unaffordable by small and medium enterprises. Self-employment and part-time work of older workers have recently become important policies but they also put further pressure on the individual to deal with the risks and externalities. The older Czech workers are underrepresented in lifelong learning, especially those with less than secondary education. The transfer of good practices and the support from ESF, among others, are considered among the most effective courses of action.


This paper analyses technology in modern Japan using three models of technological culture where the author claims "technological culture" as complex structures of certain technological principles in connection with a set of value orientations such as world view, attitudes towards living things, productivity and labour. The author elaborates three models of the thus defined "technological culture", on the basis of ethnographical data of three cultures, namely Asian culture, European culture and Latin American culture. These three cultures are radically different from each other, with no direct contact until the second half of the nineteenth century. By taking three cultures as points of reference, the author relativises and objectifies more efficiently one of the three points, including the observer's culture.


Community empowerment is one element that enables a community can develop themselves and achieve progress. This study aims to describe the process of community empowerment and benefits in the waste management system through the principle of 3R waste banks that are in the Trash Bank Pelita Harapan village Ballaparang RW 04. Type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collected by observation, interviews (interview), and documentation. Testing and analysis of data is done by triangulation of data and classifying data is systematically then outlines the existing data in the field that describes the form of community empowerment in the process of waste management. The results showed that community empowerment is used as a method in conducting waste management through waste bank system has increased in terms of the quality of the environment is clean and appears to be more community participation has increased . It was concluded that the descriptive stage to empower people is not easy and fast but requires a systematic process that starts from the stage of socialization, planning, implementation, and evaluation tools are required to analyze the success of community empowerment through the bank system trash. Keywords : Community Empowerment, Waste Management, Waste Bank, 3R


Kate Hayward, a clinical nurse specialist for biological therapy for renal cancer at Leeds NHS Trust, has particular insight into the experience of patients with cancer. Ms Hayward was diagnosed with breast cancer four years ago and underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.


The present invention discloses a system and method for processing data and information may be used in an electronic information system for securely. Which includes a data storage and access on the medium, the medium has the appearance of a standard CD or DVD, but the novelty lies in its structure and content compared therewith. The system and method may be embedded in the media, which is characterized in having a CD or DVD, but can take any shape to allow a CD or DVD. In addition, the system and method may be used to interconnect the electronic device without the need for conventional and exemplary wireless connection. In addition, the system and method may provide secure storage of data or information downloaded from a source, such as music from the Internet.


Character recognition for Arabic texts poses a twofold challenge, segmenting words into letters and identifying the individual letters. We propose a method that combines the two tasks, using a grid of SIFT descriptors as features for classification of letters. Each word is scanned with increasing window sizes; segmentation points are set where the classifier achieves maximal confidence. Using the fact that Arabic has four types of letters, isolated, initial, middle and final, we are also able to predict if a word is correctly segmented. Performance of the algorithm applied to printed texts and computer fonts was evaluated on the PATS-A01 dataset. For fonts with non-overlapping letters, we achieve letter correctness of 87–96% and word correctness of 74–88%. For overlapping fonts, although the word correctness is low, only 14–23% are not predicted to be wrong. We suggest several approaches for improved performance, with and without exploiting failure prediction. Keywords-OCR, Optical, Character Recognition, Arabic, SIFT, Machine Learning, Predicting Correctness


On net, CBO and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimate that enacting the legislation would increase the deficit by $19.1 billion over the 2018-2027 period relative to CBO's baseline. The agencies estimate that the legislation would increase the number of people with health insurance coverage, on net, by fewer than 500,000 people in each year from 2019 through 2022, compared with the baseline projection. Because enacting the legislation would affect direct spending and revenues, pay-as-you-go procedures apply.


By attaching importance to introduction of course and lab course, transferring the organs to take part in studying, adopting different kinds of teaching methods, promoting attainment education, strengthening the communication with the students etc, the teaching effects of anatomy can be improved.


Phototrophic bacteria grow in different aquatic systems like coastal lagoons. These systems are characterized for their constant physicochemical fluctuations, nevertheless they are suitable habitats for a number of organisms such as the phototrophic bacteria among others. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the isolation from different strains of purple sulphur bacteria from water samples collected just below the surface of the Tampamachoco lagoon and their characterization using morphological and pigment properties. Eight bacteria strains were isolated. One of them were cocci and the others showed motile bacilli. All isolated strains contained sulphur granules which is characteristic of the members of the Chromatiaceae family. After verifying the purity of the isolated strains, their photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in vivo and extracted with organic solvents (methanol and acetone-methanol). Absorption spectra of these photosynthetic pigments revealed the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and pigments of the normal spirilloxanthin and rhodopinal series. According with their morphological and pigment characteristics, the isolated strains were members of the Amoebobacter and Chromatium genera.


The global expansion of wild pigs over the last few decades has resulted in an increase in extent and distribution of damages to crops, placing a growing strain on agricultural producers and land managers. Despite the extent of wild pig damage to agriculture, there is little data regarding timing and spatial variability of damage to corn ( Zea mays Linnaeus) and we found no data regarding the effect of these factors on peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea Lin-naeus). Our objective was to determine the timing and extent of wild pig damage to corn and peanut fields, as well as the extent to which local habitat attributes are useful predictors of damage to these crops. During 2017 – 2018 we performed ground-based surveys throughout the growing season for 29 corn and 41 peanut fields in South Carolina, USA to determine the most important growth stages for wild pig depredation in both crops. Damage to corn peaked shortly after planting during the seedling stage, fell to nearly zero during V4 – V6 stages, and resumed during the silk and mature stages. Peanut damage was almost exclusively limited to the seedling stage. Landscape models for both crops identified the extent of forested and wetland areas surrounding crop fields as the most important attributes positively associated with wild pig damage, while the amount of adjacent agricultural area and paved roads were associated negatively. The number of wild pigs identified by remote cameras also was an important indicator of the extent of damage to peanut fields. Results suggest management efforts to limit crop depredation by wild pigs should be targeted shortly prior to planting. Further, because damage was positively associated with the availability of wetland and forest habitats, our results suggest agricultural damage by wild pigs may be most severe near areas of preferred native habitats.


The reliability of plated through holes (PTH's) is presented as "PTH life curves" which plot cycle to fail vs. temperature for the entire range of field, accelerated thermal cycling, and assembly reflow thermal exposures on a printed wire board (PWB) or laminate chip carrier (LCC). The curves represent years of testing with the current induced thermal cycle test (CITC) covering different resin systems, via constructions, and metal finishes. The curves reveal a number of critical factors in PTH reliability including the significant effect of Pb free reflows, resin system formulation, and copper plate chemistry on via life. The critical importance of the "assembly life" region of the life curves is presented along with E/SEM photos of a crack opening during a reflow cycle. A finite element model is developed for one of the PTH constructions in this paper to show the complementary use of finite element analysis (FEA) with this approach, since a valid model allows extension of the life data to other design and stress variables. The FEA fatigue life calculations correlated well with the experimental life curves. Examples of cumulative damage life projections for a number of PWB and LCC cases are given using the life curves. Finally, the importance of aggressive monitoring of PTH quality with the CITC 220C test is discussed.


Among the infinite variety of critical approaches to Shakespeare, relatively little attention has been paid, even by scholars professedly concerned with Shakespeare's language, to the quality and nature of the sound of his words – despite the commonplace assumption that the young Shakespeare, in particular, was in love with language. One consequence is that such a major element of Richard II as its high proportion of rhyming couplets is either briefly (and negatively) dismissed, or ignored. Here, Kenneth C. Bennett, who teaches in the Department of English at Lake Forest College, lllinois, considers in detail the distinctive qualities and 'sonances' of language in the play, looking in particular at the couplets, whose use and significance he analyzes and defends.


The ETL is a major component in the construction of a data warehouse. This element acts as an intermediary between data sources and data storage. It groups the data collection and preparation processes in order to undergo a set of transformations (cleaning, standardization, standardization, filtering, aggregation, etc.) before being loaded into the data warehouse. It was designed to act as an engine for extracting data from a variety of heterogeneous sources, homogenizing them so that they can be used together, and ultimately delivering consistent data that is suitable for analysis and decision-making. The complexity of the ETL lies in the large volume of data to be processed and their heterogeneity (syntactic, structural and semantic). This makes the generation of ETL the most expensive part in terms of time and budget as it represents about three-quarters of the decision project. We propose a new approach for ETL generation using Metadata with learning techniques. Our goal is to reduce the ETL complexity. Metadata is introduced to reduce resources and machine learning techniques are used to make the process more "intelligent" and can be adapted to different types of data.


Investigated is the accuracy in estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear viscoelastic (VE) dampers by analysing the corresponding linear viscous system wherein all non‐linear VE dampers are replaced by their energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. The response of the corresponding linear viscous system is determined by response history analysis (RHA) and by response spectrum analysis (RSA) extended for non‐classically damped systems. The flexible and stiff edge deformations and plan rotation of the corresponding linear viscous system determined by the extended RSA procedure is shown to be sufficiently accurate for design applications with errors generally between 10 and 20%. Although similar accuracy is also shown for the 'pseudo‐velocity' of non‐linear VE dampers, the peak force of the non‐linear VE damper cannot be estimated directly from the peak damper force of the corresponding linear viscous system. A simple correction for damper force is proposed and shown to be accurate (with errors not exceeding 15%). For practical applications, an iterative linear analysis procedure is developed for determining the amplitude‐ and frequency‐dependent supplemental damping properties of the corresponding linear viscous system and for estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear VE dampers from the earthquake design (or response) spectrum. Finally, a procedure is developed for designing non‐linear supplemental damping systems that satisfy given design criteria for a given design spectrum. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Many students have difficulty when first exposed to statistical concepts. In the case of service teaching arrangements where the focus is more on the statistical literacy needs of the profession and concepts need to be developed in short time frames the challenges are even more imposing, particularly if cohorts contain substantial numbers of non-English speaking background (NESB) students. In this paper the results of a responsive curriculum project modelled on the action research paradigm are described. Disparities between the performance of ESB and NESB students are identified and removed using changes to teaching and assessment strategies. A focus on literacy and conceptual outcomes within contexts relevant to the future professional needs of students, and assessment schemes to equitably support these, are seen to improve learning outcomes for all students. Key factors in the improved curriculum are identified and explained.


Metal oxide nanostructures have been commonly utilized as biosensors for the early detection and treatment of diseases. However, the translation of biosensors from research laboratories to clinical applications has remained limited due to degrading accuracies and irreversible reactions that result in long response and recovery times. Recent breakthroughs have highlighted the potential of transition metal oxides as a viable solution. In this work, we synthesize several transition metal oxide nanostructures using a novel combination of the sol-gel process and hydrothermal method. Through physical characterization, numerous nanostructures were obtained; particularly nickel oxide nanoflakes, cobalt oxide nanoparticles, manganese oxide nanomolars and nanowires as well as zinc oxide nanorods and nanoflakes. Among the four materials, zinc oxide and manganese oxide followed the general trend of resistivity but also displayed the greatest resistance due to their high density of nanostructures. The development of these materials will provide a new avenue for researched to understand the mechanisms involved in fabricating nanostructures as well as stimulate broader interest in improving biosensor capabilities.


Based on the negative refraction circuit theory,a novel broadband Power Divider and Phase Shifter which is constructed by conventional transmission line with lumped-element series capacitors and shunt inductors is proposed in this paper.And the realization method of broadening impedance and axis ratio bandwidth is analyzed.A microstripe antenna which central frequence is 1.268GHz is designed,and the axis ratio bandwidth achieved 52.37percent.The VSWR is below 2 in the AR bandwidth.


We study the decays Ω − → Ξπ using heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory to quantify the |∆I| = 1/2 rule in these decay modes. The ratio of |∆I| = 3/2 to |∆I| = 1/2 amplitudes is somewhat larger in these decays than it is in other hyperon decays. At leading order there are two operators responsible for the |∆I| = 3/2 parts of the Ω − decays which also contribute at one loop to other hyperon decays. These one-loop contributions are sufficiently large to indicate (albeit not definitely) that the measured ratio Γ(Ω − → Ξ 0 π −)/Γ(Ω − → Ξ − π 0) ≈ 2.7 may be too large.


In case of intractable exit site and/or tunnel infections, peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter removal and re‐insertion are recommended. Previous studies have reported the possibility of catheter salvage before removal, but they were either case‐series or had a small sample size.


An spatial division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing router is designed for applying in a fiber-optical wide area network. Our comparison shows various spans of the good SDM/WDM WAN using the SO A based router.


Disclosed is a device (10) for producing cross-finned pipes having molding cheek halves (12), which lie adjacent to each other along a common molding segment, have front faces (14, 16) and form a molding channel (18). Each molding cheek half (12) is connected to a supporting member (34) on one surface (32). The supporting members (34) are guided along a first linear guiding device (50). Each molding cheek half (12) is fixed to a guiding and sliding element (56) on a second surface (54). The guiding and sliding elements (56) are guided along a second linear guiding device (66). Both the supporting members (34) and the guiding and sliding elements (56) consist of the same material. The molding cheek halves (12) consist of a material of a relatively small specific weight, having a thermal expansion coefficient ( alpha B), which is high in comparison with the thermal expansion coefficient ( alpha A) of the material for the supporting members (34) and the guiding and sliding elements (56). Nonetheless, in order to ensure a tight contact of the molding cheek halves (12), they exhibit a longitudinal extent (B) in the direction of the molding segment, which at the operational temperature (T) of the molding cheek halves (12) is as great as that of the supporting members (34) and that of the guiding and sliding elements (56).


In animation synthesis, secondary motion appears in response to the actions of an animated character or object. Examples of typical objects whose motion can be described as secondary motion are a character's clothing, skin, and hair. We propose a simple, fast, and stable physically-based model which simulates elastical surfaces, created from an arbitrary animated triangular mesh. The vertices and edges of the deformable regions of the geometrical model are converted respectively into point-masses and linear springs. We use an integration scheme based on geometrical constraints, rather than forces, to attain the level of performance of an explicit integration scheme coupled with stability approaching that of an implicit integration scheme. Simulation parameters are intuitive and easily added to the geometrical model. Since it is robust for arbitrary user input, our technique is adapted to the unique constraints of video games. The range of surfaces simulable by our method is broad, including elastical surfaces as well as stiff surfaces, due to an ordering of constraints ordering that starts from the fixed masses. We tested the efficiency of our method in interactive applications, where the user controls a character incorporating elastic geometrical regions and wearing simulated accessories.


We develop the mathematical theory of algebra functions on for a finite alphabet , such that the functions are level-compatible when they are restricted to the different levels according to . We shall first establish the fundamentals and the structure of such function spaces and the related properties, and propose and study the all important level-preserving transformers there. We shall then look into the the automaton representations of the level-compatible algebra functions, the characterisation of the level-preserving transformers, as well as the potential applications at calculation of real-valued functions, fractal generations and even the compression of natural images.


3059 Background: Nab-p is an albumin bound paclitaxel. V is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR 2 and EGFR. Preclinical data reveal enhanced Nab-p activity with concurrent VEGF inhibition. Primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Methods: Pts were randomized to one of 2 cohorts. Dose of Nab-p was fixed (Cohort A: Nab-p 100 mg/m2 IV weekly for 3 wks q 28 days; Cohort B: Nab-p 260 mg/m2 IV q 3 wks) while 3 doses of V were evaluated in both cohorts (100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg PO daily). A standard 3+3 design was used. Expansion at the MTD was planned for both cohorts. Results: 46 pts were treated: 21 (cohort A), 13 (cohort B), 12 (cohort B expansion). Median age 56 (range 26-81), Karnofsky PS 100% (6), 90% (21), 80% (17), <70% (2). 17 males, 29 females. Median number of prior treatments 2 (range 1-7). Most common disease sites: pancreatic 15 (33%), ovarian 8 (17%), gastric 7 (15%), endometrial 3 (6%), lung 3 (6%). There was one DLT at each dose level in cohort A (grade 3 rash in 2 pts, grade ...


Apathy (loss of motivation or goal‐directed behaviour) and depression each confer risk for dementia, cardiovascular disease and mortality in older adults. The mechanisms by which these neuropsychiatric symptoms are linked with health outcomes are not yet understood. Health behaviours may be one pathway, yet their potential links with apathy have received scant attention, whereas depression has been consistently associated with unhealthier behaviours including physical inactivity. Depression and apathy may be confounded, thus it is critical to determine their potential differential associations with health behaviours. This study thus aims to investigate whether apathy and depressive symptoms in older adults were associated with a broad battery of health behaviours.


A system and methods for providing high-quality media convergence service provision for home appliances in a cloud computing environment are described. The system includes a streaming based cloud media transmission system and thin/zero client type display. We describe streaming-based high-quality media convergence service system, functional architecture and applications. Our system provides high-definition media-oriented contents remotely to various home appliances. The contents server can be a remote cloud server or home network gateway.


Various disasters have happened continually, and lead to massive loss to the people, loss assessment has become a critical role in alleviating disaster and defending disaster. But uncertainty is often found in disaster loss assessment, due to reasons such as imprecise measurement, outdated sources, or sampling errors. And a nationally consistent approach is absent in disaster loss assessment. In order to handle the uncertainty effectively, considering nature language as the cut-in point in the study of uncertainty, this paper proposed a novel method based on the Cloud model, described evaluation factors using Cloud based soft segmentation, discussed the uncertainty of disaster loss assessment, proposed an algorithm to assess disaster loss, which is more reasonable and more compatible with human think, and finally presented the drought of Zhejiang province in China as an example to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this algorithm.