In order to serve the on-line users who do shopping for 24 hours, the on-line shopping systems platform is more complicated than traditional one. Therefore, the user interface usability problems become a critical issue. Take the Yahoo!kimo shopping mall as a test platform. In this paper, the data collection method of thinking-aloud was adopted to record the participants. The video images and verbal protocols were transcribed, segmented and bottom-up coded. 121 problems concerning usability could be classified into 9 types. The usability problems can be classified into five attributes by reviewing the related literatures, satisfaction, efficiency, effectiveness, presentation and help. The result shows satisfaction is the most critical problem (accounts for 32.2%). The result of study accords with Nielsen and Norman (2000) study that gives users a good experience and they are apt to turn into frequent and loyal customers. Therefore, we prove the importance of user- center design (UCD) in e-commerce website interface design.


The ATPase family, AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2/ANCCA), is an AAA nuclear co-regulator protein containing two ATPase domains and a bromodomain. Its closely related paralog, ATAD2B (KIAA1240), also contains two ATPase domains and a bromodomain. The AAA ATPase domains are broadly associated with ATP-driven molecular remodeling reactions while the bromodomains are evolutionarily conserved, chromatin 'reader' domains known to regulate gene expression by binding to acetyllysine on histones. Extensive studies on ATAD2 discuss its upregulation and correlation with poor prognosis in various cancers. Despite sharing high structural and sequence similarity with ATAD2, ATAD2B remains a poorly understood paralog. While previous immunostaining studies detected high expression levels of ATAD2B in breast carcinoma, there is minimal information on its role in oncogenesis. Previously, we have shown that the ATAD2B BRD can recognize mono- and di-acetyllysine modifications on N-terminal tails of histones H4 and H2A. However, since initiation and progression of cancer are characterized by multivalent histone marks, our goal is to understand how crosstalk between combinatorial histone modifications affects the acetyllysine recognition activity of the ATAD2B BRD. We hypothesize that the bromodomain recognizes the acetyllysine mark on multivalent histones and interacts with the chromatin and the ATPase domain. We expect that our results will explain the function of the ATAD2B bromodomain in the context of the overall role of ATAD2B in normal biological and cellular processes. Since bromodomains are excellent drug targets, blocking their activity will also suggest how to disrupt their possible role in oncogenesis. In this study, we have combined various innovative and interdisciplinary approaches ranging from biochemistry and structural biology to functional genomics and cellular biology to gain insights into how crosstalk between different histone H4 PTMs can modulate the chromatin 'reader' activity of the ATAD2B BRD. Binding affinities obtained from ITC indicate that the ATAD2B BRD can recognize the acetyllysine mark amongst multiple histone H4 PTMs. Most of these adjacent PTMs are permissible and show high affinities, while some combinations weaken the acetyllysine interaction. Our novel X-ray structures demonstrate a unique binding mode of ATAD2B BRD compared to ATAD2. While the difference in ligand selectivity could suggest that ATAD2B may regulate different biological functions, our cellular assays, including western blot and functional genomic studies, indicate that ATAD2B is conserved in its ability to bind the chromatin. Finally, we discuss how known 'onco' mutations within the histone H4 tail region, occurring at or around sites of PTMs, can affect the ATAD2B BRD - acetyllysine coordination. Overall, our study highlights how crosstalk between various histone PTMs regulates the 'reader' domain of ATAD2B and affects its recruitment to the chromatin, thus providing new insights for developing therapeutic interventions for treating various diseases.
 Citation Format: Margaret Phillips, Kathleen Quinn, Cameron Montgomery, Samuel P. Boyson, Sunsik Chang, Jay C. Nix, Seth E. Frietze, Karen C. Glass. Insights into the histone code recognition by the ATAD2B bromodomain. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Epigenomics; 2022 Oct 6-8; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR002.


Background: With the development of the social economy, medical and health resources in China have increased to varying degrees. However, it is inevitable that health financing and health talents are shifting to developed areas. Because of this, this study analyzes the current situation and equity of China's medical and health institutions from the number of health care institutions, beds in these institutions and health professionals. From the perspective of people needs, it provides a theoretical basis for optimizing China's medical and health resource allocation. Methods: We featured the status quo of China's health care institutions with the following three aspects–the number of health care institutions, the number of beds in these institutions, and health professionals, and used the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to perform quantitative analysis into health equity, and finally built a theoretical framework for how to optimize the allocation of health care resources in China from the standpoint of demand. Result: From 2016 to 2019, it showed an overall growth trend in China's various medical and health resources. The growth rate of the number of health care institutions was slow, from 0.3% to 1%. The growth rate of the number of beds in health institutions gradually decreased from 7.14% in 2016-2017 to 4.79% in 2018-2019. The growth rate of health professionals, remained steady at 6% between 2016 and 2019. The number of health professionals, in the east in 2019 is about 1.5 times as many as that in the west. In terms of population distribution, the number of health care institutions, beds in health institutions, and health professionals, is close to the line of equality. Its Gini coefficient is in a highly equal state (G 0.5). Conclusion: From 2016 to 2019, the number of health resources in China has steadily increased. The Gini coefficients of medical and health institutions, beds, and health technicians distributed by population are all below 0.1, which is equality. On the other hand, China's health resources are unfair in terms of geographic dimensions. The Gini coefficient of health professionals is close to a dangerous state, which requires attention.


Evaporative pre-concentration is energy conserving and benefits from minimal intervention in environmental monitoring for sustainability. Drops of specific volume falling cleanly through the superhydrophobic hole method here are found to work on woven mesh (wire diameter = 57 μm, pitch = 125 μm) but not on plate substrates. Their conception as solid spheres was not borne out in volume to hole diameter trends, and they can also be retained on the substrate despite high levels of inclination.


Inverted formin 2 (INF2) is an essential gene that is expressed in glomerular podocyte in kidney. Malfunction in INF2 will result in kidney diseases, which could be avoided if the mechanisms of its transcription and translation are well-studied. This research aims to use a computational approach to understand the tandem repeats, which is a phenomenon closely linked with diseases, in this gene. A genome database, web server, and a computational motif model were primarily used in this research. The results of this study provide insights that will guide biologists and biomedical practitioners in molecular studies and drug designs for the INF2-implicated diseases.


A rotary-resistance-adjustable pivot comprises a primary shaft 1, a secondary shaft 2 and a pressing bolt 3. The pressing bolt 3 is threaded into a hollow sleeve portion 14 of the primary shaft 1. The primary shaft 1 is provided around an outer end with a radially projected ring portion 15 that engages with an annular groove 221 in a hollow sleeve portion of the secondary shaft 2 to rotatably connect the primary shaft 1 to the secondary shaft 2 when the primary 1 shaft is extended into the secondary shaft 2. The pressing bolt 3 can be turned with a suitable tool to move further into the primary shaft 1 to adjust the radial expansion of the primary shaft 1 and accordingly the rotary resistance of the primary shaft 1 to the secondary shaft 2. By this way, the primary 1 and the secondary 2 shafts may be set to rotate relative to each other at suitable tightness without the risk of causing a loosened pivot shaft.


Purpose. The study was designed to investigate differences in predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and smoking behavior among middle school students living in the city, suburbs, and rural areas of Shanghai. Design. A one-time cross-sectional survey design was applied in this study. Setting. The study was conducted in 11 schools in three areas. Subjects. A total number of 1116 students from these three areas participated in this study. The response rates were 92, 88, and 84% for city, suburbs, and rural areas, respectively. Measure. A PRECEDE instrument including predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors was employed to collect data. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. Smoking was reported by 39.8% of boys and 5.14% of girls. Students in the city of Shanghai had the best (against smoking) predisposing factors, but students in rural areas had the best (against smoking) enabling and reinforcing factors and consumed the fewest cigarettes. Conclusion. Results indicated that smoking behavior in students was affected strongly by enabling factors and reinforcing factors that were related to socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental influences in China.


This study found that the gestural activity of persons who are visually impaired differs from that of persons who are sighted. Specifically, the subjects who were visually impaired used more adaptors (especially finger-to-hand gestures) and fewer conversational gestures than did those who were sighted. Differences in gestural activity by degree of visual impairment and grade in school were also observed.


The invention relates to a method and a device for modelling the master control process in an industrial installation, such as for example, a rolling train. A combination of physical and empirical, in particular neuronal models is used to predict the set values of the installations that are involved in the process. One or more physical models form(s) a series connection with the empirical model. The empirical model is first trained using master data of the physical model and is then optimised during operation (online).


There have been many observational based studies in the past to bring out the climatology of tides using ground based techniques [Tsuda etal., 1983; Vincent etal., 1988; Manson et al., 1989; Avery ci al., 1989; Fritts and Isler, 1994; Chang and Avery, 1997; Raghava Reddi et al., 1993b; Raghava Reddi and Geetha Ramkumar, 1997; Gurubaran and Rajaram, 1999 to state a few] as well as satellite remote sensing techniques [Hays ci al., 1994; Burrage et al., 1995; McLandress et al., 1996]. These studies indicated that there could be significant variability in mesospheric tidal parameters on short, planetary-wave, intraseasonal, semiannual and interannual time scales.


We propose to study the Silicon Monitor (SiMon) and the Micromegas detector system for measuring (n,p) reactions at n_TOF. The final goal is to measure the Cl(n,p) and the N(n,p) cross-sections in a wide energy range at EAR-1 and EAR-2, respectively. These reactions are of interest in medical physics and nuclear astrophysics. SiMon is presently running at n_TOF for monitoring purposes. This Letter of Intent can be considered as a continuation of our work related to the letter CERN-INTC-2010-023/INTC-I-092 and the subsequent proposal CERN-INTC-2012006/INTC-P-322. In the mentioned Letter and Proposal we studied the fast ionization chamber based on Micromegas detectors, at that time running at n_TOF for monitoring purposes, with the intention to use it for measuring (n,α) cross sections. We successfully measured the S(n,α) cross section during the Campaign 2012 with such system. The physics motivations of the present LoI are deeply related to those of the S(n,α) experiment. Requested protons: [2e17] protons on target (parasitic) (split into 2 runs over 1 year) Experimental Area: [EAR1]


Stata module to provide nearest-match merging of datasets. nearmrg performs nearest match merging of two datasets. nearmrg matches observations that are closest on the variable specified in nearvar() and can limit the range of the values matched (e.g., limiting matches to 90 days with a date variable).


The
energy loss during jet quenching due to the existence of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is calculated by Optical Glaube Monte Carlo model with data collected by ATLAS
Collaboration using the LHC detector. An energy loss formula for this situation
was modeled and took the form . The
nuclear modification factor, RAA, for
jets in a 208Pb + 208Pb
nucleus collision with rapidity interval of ∣у∣=2.8 and the initial transverse momentum of 50 GeV ≤ pT ≤ 1000 GeV, are
compared with various data plots produced by ATLAS Collaboration. RAA results
are plotted in different centrality bins, which are defined by the distribution
of number of participating nucleons Npart. The RAA value
was found to slowly increase at lower transverse momenta and flatten out at
higher transverse momenta. The model's theoretical
calculation results turned out to be similar to the plots produced by the ATLAS
Collaboration using data from the LHC with small differences for higher
systematic uncertainty events.


OBJECTIVE
To report Avellino corneal dystrophy and underlying R124H mutation in 2 families of Indian origin.

METHODS
Peripheral blood was collected in EDTA for genomic DNA isolation from leukocytes of all affected and unaffected individuals. Amplification of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene (TGFBI) using polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing was carried out to determine the mutations underlying the disorder. A detailed clinical evaluation was undertaken to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation.

RESULTS
R124H mutation resulting from a missense heterozygous substitution of G to A at nucleotide 418 of TGFBI was detected in all affected members of the 2 families. The affected individuals were clinically diagnosed as having granular corneal dystrophy. Histopathological examination was not done because no surgical intervention was undertaken.

CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first report of Avellino corneal dystrophy from India clinically diagnosed as granular corneal dystrophy, emphasizing that TGFBI screening is essential for the accurate diagnosis and classification of corneal dystrophies.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Molecular genetics is a useful tool for accurate diagnosis and classification of corneal dystrophies. All autosomal dominant stromal dystrophies should be screened for underlying mutations in TGFBI because the clinical and phenotypic appearance is variable.


The subject of the study is the pedagogically significant functions of running and running exercises, which are the basic components of the physical education system created by Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837-1909). Clarification of the educational and cognitive potential of running practices for the formation of physical abilities, mind, character and moral qualities of students in the light of P.F. Lesgaft's humanistic ideals is the purpose of the proposed scientific work. The author draws attention to the depth of comprehension by the great Russian teacher of the historical, theoretical and applied aspects of various running exercises, their systemic relations not only with other types of physical activity, but also with the school complex of natural disciplines, as well as the educational process as a whole. The practical significance of the article is manifested in its focus on improving the quality of teaching physical culture in educational institutions. The historical and anthropological approach, a number of general scientific (systematization, generalization, comparison) and theoretical methods (analysis of literature on the research problem, terminological analysis) were chosen as research methods. In accordance with the concept of multidimensional correlation of physical and intellectual-spiritual development developed by P.F. Lesgaft, it was found that running without turns (ekpletridzein) forms a muscular sense of space as a training exercise; long running, obstacle running and running with weights are accustomed to perseverance of actions; high–speed running - to concentrated activity that requires significant stress in a short period; running with a torch develops coordination of upper and lower extremities; running on socks promotes grace of movements; running in "party" games teaches discipline and responsibility to the team; running with a metronome develops a sense of time. Also, running exercises prepare young men for military service, and in relation to schoolchildren of both sexes, they perform a recreational function and develop the skill of finding the optimal ratio of the distance to be overcome, time and effort expended.


Timar system, as well as to the operation of the order of the Ottoman land regime, is crucial in terms of military organization, too. One of the issues effective in the functioning of this system is the matter of allocation of timar which is also important for the functioning of state institutions. In this study, throughout examining certain related documents we aim to reveal how this application, as a vital instrument of the then Ottoman bureaucracy, went through a process, and determine the footsteps of the same registers on the timar allocation in different studies and sources.


13154 Background: To evaluate the use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for prediction of response and survival early during the course of treatment in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

METHODS
Between May 2004 and November 2005, 31 patients (gender, 23M, 8F; stage, 2IIIB/29IV, histology, 6 squamous cell ca, 22 adenoca, 3 NOS; age median 57 (30-73 y)) with histopathologically proven NSCLC stage IIIB/IV were enrolled into this study. PET-CT was performed prior to and after one cycle of treatment. Early changes of primary tumor FDG-uptake measured by standardized uptake values (SUV) were correlated with best response to therapy as assessed by CT scan according to WHO response criteria.

RESULTS
Patients underwent standard treatment with gemcitabine/vinorelbine (15), gemcitabine/cisplatin (1) gemcitabine/vinorelbine/cisplatin (1), irinotecan/cisplatin (9) or gefitinib (5). In the 25 patients evaluable for response, other 6 patients ongoing, 9 patients achieved a partial response (36%), 5 showed stable diseases and 11 were progressive. Using a cut-off value of 20% reduction of FDG-uptake as a criterion for a response in PET-CT, subsequent best response was predicted with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 87.5%. The positive predictive value of a metabolic response was 80.0% and the negative predictive value 93.3%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the decrease of tumor metabolic activity and subsequent best response (p< 0.001). The median time to progression for PET-CT responder was 10.1 months when compared with that of non-responders with 2.6 months (log-rank p=0.009).

CONCLUSIONS
Using FDG-PET best response to standard treatment and patient outcome can be predicted very early and therefore, the use of PET-CT may allow to reduce side effects and costs of ineffective therapy in non-responding patients No significant financial relationships to disclose.


This article presents unpublished documents recently found in the Arequipa Regional Archive, specifically an inventory of possessions and an auction of property belonging to dona Francisca Palla, who passed away in 1564. Based on these sources, some objects such as mates, qeros and cocos de plata are identified as elements having pre-hispanic roots in an early colonial context. Moreover, their circulation contexts are identified based on auctions in almoneda publica which therefore resulted in new ownership. Thus, these objects become part of new connections of circulation which will build new routes and new owners for these objects of prestige in the Colonial Southern Andes.


The region was covered by 1:250 000 mapping by the Geological Survey of Canada during the mid 1940s (Lord, 1948). A number of showings were found. One of these, the Marmot, was the focus of the first modern exploration (1960s) in the general area. At the same time there was significant exploration activity for porphyry copper and molybdenum mineralization in the intrusive belt running north and south through the McConnell Range. A large gossan was discovered in 1966 at the present site of the Kemess North prospect and led to similar exploration on nearby ground. Falconbridge Nickel Ltd., during a reconnaissance helicopter flight in 1971, discovered a malachite-stained bed in the Sustut drainage that was traceable for over 2500 feet. Their assessment suggested a replacement copper deposi t hosted by volcaniclastic rocks in the upper part of the Takla Group. Numerous junior and major resource companies acquired ground in the area. In 1972 copper was found on the Willow cliffs on the opposite side of the Sustut River and a porphyry style target was identified at the Day. In 1973 the B.C. Geological Survey conducted a mineral deposit study of the Sustut copper area (Church, 1974a). The Geological Survey of Canada returned to pursue general and detailed studies within the McConnell sheet (Richards 1976, and Monger 1977). Monger and Church (1976) revised the stratigraphic nomenclature based on breaks and lithological changes in the volcanic succession supported by fossil data and field observations. In 1983, follow up of a gold-copper-molybdenum soil anomaly led to the discovery of the Kemess South porphyry deposit.


A mathematical modeling and analysis of the impact of pumps' construction and working environment on their resistance have been carried out in order to study the possibilities of reducing the time and cost of developing and perfecting of new flow parts of ore pumps. A new construction of the pump's impeller (type 1GrК 160/31, 5) was offered.


We associate an explicit equivalent descendent insertion to any relative insertion in quantum K-theory of Nakajima varieties. This also serves as an explicit formula for off-shell Bethe eigenfunctions for general quantum loop algebras associated to quivers and gives the general integral solution to the corresponding quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov and dynamical q-difference equations.


This thesis deals with the application of matrix in solution of selected cases in economic models. The first part of the thesis contains basic knowledge of the theory of matrix. The selected economic problems including the example of solution of some practical cases with using matrix are mentioned and described in the second part. The other part of thesis deals with the specific practical application of the chosen economic model. This part is a basis of tender for supplier of technology of the salt production. The conclusion is a summary of the collected results and recommendations for supplier selection.


Doctoral theses (sorted by year) Hammarström, A. (1986). Youth unemployment and ill-health: results from a two year follow-up study. Solna and Sundbyberg, Karolinska Institute. The main objective of this study was to examine the social and medical consequences of youth unemployment. Therefore, a prospective study was started in 1981 including all 1083 pupils in the last year of compulsory school in the municipality of Luleå. The pupils were followed-up after two years. They were investigated with a comprehensive selfadministered questionnaire, as well as with studies of records and interviews with teachers and school nurses. The total non-participation rate in the study was less than one per cent. The main hypotheses of the study were the following: The most disfavoured socio-medical development was expected among those young people who became unemployed after compulsory school. Similar changes, though less pronounced were expected in a hidden unemployment group, defined as high school who would have who would have preferred to work than to study. The most favourable development was expected among the high school students who were motivated for their studies. The young people in youth Opportunity programmes (YOP) or work were not expected to improve their health because directly after school they were expected to become employed in the "worst" jobs. The following variables were studied: social background, school situation, social activity in clubs, degree of control, satisfaction, signs and symptoms of somatic, psychosomatic and psychological illness, utilization of health care services, absence due to illness and truancy, abuse of alcohol and narcotics, other health deteriorating behaviour and pessimism about the future. Most of the results in the study verified our hypothesis. A multivariate pathway statistical an analysis showed that exposure to unemployment was predictive of ill health and alcohol abuse, even after adjustment for several possible confounding factors. The conclusions of the study are the following: Even as early as in compulsory school, illness is unevenly distributed. On the whole, our theoretical model is verified. Lack of control in compulsory school has a probable causal effect on unemployment and also on certain dependent variables. Unemployment has a probable causal effect on the health symptoms and health deteriorating behaviour. Hidden unemployment has the same effects as unemployment but less pronounced. Our model suits better for girls than for boys. In two important respects our model is rejected: 1. with the tested variables we cannot predict which pupils will become unemployed and which pupils will get YOP or work 2. Girls in YOP improve their health and health behaviour Novo, M. (2000). Young and unemployed does the trade cycle matter for health? : a study of young men and women during times of prosperity and times of recession. Umeå, Umeå University. During the post-war period the Swedish labour market has been characterised by a high intensity of gainful employment in combination with low unemployment rates. At the beginning of the1990s a new trade cycle began, characterised by an economic recession and a sharp increase in unemployment. Young people are especially sensitive to unemployment, since several critical periods for human development occur in this age group. Although unemployment has been proved to cause ill health, recent studies question that these findings are relevant during an economic recession. The objective of this thesis was to analyse if and how the change of trade cycle influenced the health of young unemployed men and women. The population consisted of two groups of all pupils in grade nine in a middle-sized industrial Swedish town. They were surveyed five years later at the age of 21 in 1986 (the boom group, n=1 083), and in 1994 (the recession group, n=898) respectively. All participants were investigated with a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire (with 90 questions about working life, health and health behaviour, family situation and leisure time) as well as with register data. The non-response rate was 2 % in the boom group and 10 % in the recession group. The higher non-response rate in the recession group may have underestimated the alcohol consumption and poor psychological health among men. The experience of all types of unemployment status as well as studies was more frequent in the recession group, while fewer were in employment compared to the boom group. The unemployed men and women had most somatic and psychological symptoms in both the boom and the recession. The levels of ill health did not differ with the trade cycle. However, during the recession poorer health was found among students, as well as among women in work and in labour market programmes, compared to the boom. There was no obvious correlation between the trade cycle and health behaviour among the long-term unemployed either. An association between the length of unemployment and alcohol consumption was found in the boom group and also among women only in the recession group. Unemployment was associated with tobacco consumption, especially among women and during the boom. The decrease in the number of smokers during the recession followed the general decrease of smoking in society as a whole. Stronger selection into the labour market during the boom due to positive individual features was not confirmed. Negative selection, i.e. selection out of the labour market due to individual features was found among both men and women, and during both trade cycles. Lack of control, high demands, financial position, pessimism about the future and low level of education were found as moderating factors which negatively influence the health of young men and women. The gendered division of labour was discussed as a possible cause for the deteriorated health among women during recession. Thus, the trade cycle seemed to have no impact on the health of young unemployed men and women. On the other hand, high levels of unemployment in society correlated negatively with the health of especially women in the population as a whole. Reine, I. (2009). From young to adult : health consequences of unemployment from a gender perspective. Umeå, Umeå university. BACKGROUND: The point of departure in this thesis is that unemployment is a recognised determinant of health, which may vary between different ages and among men and women. Despite governmental policies to tackle unemployment and ease its effects on health, unemployment continues to be a growing public health problem. AIM: The objective of the thesis was to analyse, from a gender perspective, the relationships between ill health and unemployment as well as other unstable labour market positions in the transition from youth to adulthood. The aim of each paper was: I. Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? II. Is the transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent paid job health-protective? III. Is participation in labour market programmes related to mental health? IV. What is the association between ill health among men and women and how could it be analysed with a gender relations theory? METHODS: The longitudinal study was carried out in Luleå a medium-sized industrial town in the Northern Sweden. The cohort, consisting of all 1083 pupils (506 girls and 577 boys) aged 16 who attended the last year of compulsory school in 1981, was followed up at the ages of 16, 18, 21 and 30. The response rates were high e.g. 96.4% at 14 years follow-up. The cohort was followed with extensive and well-validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used in all papers, while propensity score matching was used in Paper III. RESULTS: Paper I. Health effects of long-term unemployment differed between young people and adults. Long-term unemployment was more related to psychological ill health and smoking in young people than in adults. Paper II. The results indicated that after controlling for gender as well as for an indicator of health-related selection, possible confounders and mediators transition from an unstable labour market position to permanent employment could be health-promoting. Paper III. No association was found between participation in active labour market programmes and psychological symptoms. Due to methodological shortages the results have to be interpreted with caution. Adjustment for either all background selection variables or the propensity score in multivariate logistic regression showed similar associations suggesting that propensity score could be used to adjust for background selection variables. Paper IV. A strong association between unemployment and suboptimal selfrated health among women and high alcohol consumption among men was found and a theory of structural relations was used to discuss the gendered patterns for ill health. CONCLUSION: The thesis indicated gendered patterns of relations between unemployment and the health outcomes, in the transition from youth to adulthood. The policy implications of my thesis are that full employment policies should be promoted to reduce the health inequalities associated with unemployment. Novak, M. (2010). Social inequity in health explanation from a life course and gender perspective. Umeå, Umeå university. BACKGROUND: A boy child born in a Gothenburg suburb has a life expectancy that is nine years shorter than that of another child just 23 km away, and among girls the difference is five years. There is no necessary biological reason to this observed difference. In fact, like life length, most diseases follow a social gradient, even in a country like Sweden where many believe there is no class inequity. This social inequity in health tells us that some of us are not achieving our potential in health or in life length compared to our more fortunate fellow citizens. AIM: This thesis attempts to explore th


A dual‐band optically transparent antenna based on a slotted interconnected ring resonator as an efficient radiating element is proposed. The compact radiating element and partial ground plane are structured on a plexiglass substrate with Silver Tin Oxide as transparent conducting material. The radiation disadvantage of OTAs due to the low conductivity of conductive oxides has been overcome with the gain improvement technique of 2 × 1 antenna array design. The overall sizes of the proposed single element and 2 × 1 two element array antennas are λ/2.5 × λ/2.5 and λ/1.19 × λ/2.08 at the lower resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz, respectively. The operation bands of both OTA prototypes cover WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands with permissible bandwidth and sufficient gain therefore the 2 × 1 antenna array is utilized as one of two dual‐band antennas of a 2 × 2 MIMO transceiver system for WLAN and WiMAX band operations.


Sound propagation is considered in the rest atmosphere where the sound velocity varies linearly with height. With the results of the ray theory of refraction being introduced to the asymptotic solution of spherical wave propagating over a locally reacting ground surface, the approximated solution of the sound field is obtained. The results of calculation by this theory explains the measurements satisfactorily, as a result quantitative prediction of excess attenuation is available.


Copyright © 2017 by ASME. This paper presents new techniques to analyze and understand the sensorimotor characteristics of manual operations such as grinding, and links their influence on process performance. A grinding task, though simple, requires the practitioner to combine elements from the large repertoire of his or her skillset. Based on the joint gaze, force, and velocity data collected from a series of manual grinding experiments, we have compared operators with different levels of experience and quantitatively described characteristics of human manual skill and their effects on manufacturing process parameters such as cutting energy, surface finish, and material removal rate (MRR). For instance, we find that an experienced subject performs the task in a precise manner by moving the tool in complex paths, with lower applied forces and velocities, and short fixations compared to a novice. A detailed understanding of gaze-motor behavior broadens our knowledge of how a manual task is executed. Our results help to provide this extra insight, and impact future efforts in workforce training as well as the digitalization of manual expertise, thereby facilitating the transformation of raw data into product-specific knowledge.


The Most Beautiful Times is a series of narrative depicting a woman's psychological experiences with sexual passion, in which she struggles, suffers, submits, and sacrifices. It is in these moments that profound emotions exist, which transform the meaning of her life. This body of work is both literal and metaphorical, as well as remembered and fantasized. The work is based on real experiences re-imagined in constructed images to examine the character's internal conflicts, her loss of innocence and desire. The work explores how a story can be told through freezing performance as still frames, as well as how and to what extent a personal story can be revealed through still images, while at the same time can convey universal emotions and sensual sentiments shared by human beings. The Most Beautiful Times Yuwen Wang


In order to forecast the carrying capacity change for water resources which was of great importance to the local economy,the driving forces of water resources in Jinan was analyzed by using the main factor analysis, and population and GDP were found as the main driving force.Therefore,the regressive equation and ANN model were used respectively to forecast the require and supply of water resources in Jinan.This paper discussed how the linear and non-linear method were used in the forecast of water resource.


ABSTRACT Bottom ash and fly ash are the by-products of coal in thermal power plants. They are the combustion wastes and contain many elements that may harmful to the environment. The present study investigates the physiochemical, mineral, and leaching characteristics of an Indian coal ash (bottom ash and fly ash). From the characterization of bottom ash and fly ash, it is found that the ash samples are enriched predominantly in silica, alumina, and iron oxides. A series of leaching experiments have been performed to analyze the tracing elements of metal at the different liquid to solid ratio (L/S). The L/S varies from 20:1 to 80:1. From the leaching results of the fly ash and bottom ash data, it is observed that the tracing elements of Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Cu are the most abundant elements, while Hg, Mo, and Co are the least abundant elements.


Projectification. Literary Studies as Commodity
The article contains a critique of the project form which the humanities at large have embraced during the past few decades. The "project" is not only a word we attach to our research efforts; it is a concept that has far-reaching consequences regarding how we read, think, write and act as scholars. The projectification of the humanities is not an isolated phenomenon, but part of a larger development. This article addresses a number of the consequences of this tendency in the context of literary scholarship, suggesting that: 1) the draft becomes more important than the realization; 2) the research tends to be standardized; 3) the academic activity is segmented; 3) economical means are regarded as ends in themselves; 4) a new type of research subject arises through the interpellation of the research foundations; 5) stress and sickliness becomes frequent among researchers and PhD-students, since projectification gives rise to a "bragging culture". Finally the article argues that projectification is one component of a more extensive development, in which activity has become an end in itself. Following Louis Althusser, Georg Lukács and Luc Boltanski & Eve Chiapello this article argues that these developments originate in the logic of capitalism or in the dialectic of enlightenment. It is thus difficult to find a simple solution to the problem. However, the article ends with an argument for more modesty in terms of research, and simultaneously discerns a utopian element in the research plans that are never carried out.


Background: Knowledge means everything which is known or intelligence relates to something. Knowledge or cognition is an important basis to establish one's actions. Stimulation is defined as a basic ability to encourage activity of children aged 0-6 years to achieve optimum growth and development.

Objective: (1) To identify the level of parents' knowledge regarding early child stimulation; (2) to identify the development of fine motor skills of preschool children; (3) to identify correlation between parents' knowledge and their children's fine motor skills.

Methods: A cross-sectional studi using total sampling consisted of 37 respondents from Hargotirto village

in Kulonprogo district, Yogyakarta. Data were taken by using a questionnaire to identify the knowledge and the Denver Developmental Screening Test to assess the development respectively and then were analyzed by using Gamma Statistical Test.

Results: The results showed that: (1) The level of parents knowledge regarding early child stimulation,

mostly good (37.7%); (2) The development of fine motor skills of the children were mostly at normal range (73%); (3) There was moderate level of correlation between parents' knowledge and their children's fine motor skills (R=.528, p<.05)

Conclusion: There is a correlation between parents' knowledge and preschool children's fine motor skills.

Keyword: Knowledge level, stimulation, fine motor skills


A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF FOUR THEORIES IS GIVEN WHICH WERE DEVELOPED FOR USE IN ESTIMATING THE SETTLEMENTS OF FOUNDATIONS ON COHESIONLESS SOILS. WHILE IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE TERZAGHI-BUISSMAN EQUATION IS STILL THE MOST RELIABLE, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE OTHER ONES PRESENTED SHOULD BE TRIED OUT IN PRACTICE SO THAT THEIR RELIABILITIES CAN BE MORE CONVINCINGLY ASSESSED. /LCPC/RRL/


Antonio Morassi's archive and photographic library kept in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca' Foscari University in Venice preserves a series of documents relating to the rediscovery of the Caravaggio of Casa Balbi, which took place during the World War II. Antonio Morassi had a look to the Conversion of Saint Paul in the Genoese palace of Balbi and studied it to publish it. The picture that Morassi sent to the publishers was however showed to Giulio Carlo Argan, who was also writing a monograph about Caravaggio. Argan pledged to acknowledge the discovery to Morassi. But, Argan published report about the painting in an article in 1943. However, Roberto Longhi intervened, denying that it was a Caravaggio pain- ting. Morassi, who discovered this painting, published it on the Emporium magazine only in 1947, after World War II, is therefore not often recognized as the discoverer of this masterpiece.


Abstract
 Coffee is one of the most commercially available raw materials, being the tropical product with the highest market value in the world. In Costa Rica it is the third most important product for agricultural exports and provides the main income for many families in the country. However, coffee is under threat due to coffee leaf rust disease (CLR). Mutation breeding in coffee is a promising approach to develop new varieties resistant to CLR. As a new technology for coffee, basic tests related to mutation induction need to be done. The plant material used was Coffea arabica var. 'Venecia' seeds, with a moisture content of 27.3%. The applied irradiation doses were 0, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 Gy. For each treatment, three replicates of 200 g were used, with a seed number range of 765-808 units per replicate. The irradiated seeds were planted on the same day. Eighty days after treatment the number of seedlings was quantified, the hypocotyl height and radicle length were measured and the opening of cotyledons was determined for each dose. The effects of the radiation doses on seed germination frequency were recorded. At the dose of 80 Gy, germination was reduced over the control by 9.65%, at 100 Gy by 34.06%, at 120 Gy by 52.76%, at 140 Gy by 60.24%, at 160 Gy by 65.56% and at 180 Gy by 75.40%. Seedling growth was affected and a delay in opening of the cotyledons was observed at higher doses. This radiosensitivity test, based on seed germination as compared with unirradiated control, revealed that the LD50 for the variety tested is in the range 100-120 Gy experimentally, and according to the regression is 125 ± 30 Gy. This dose will be used for further bulk experiments and is of great importance, because the LD50 is considered as the range where the appearance of useful mutations in breeding programmes is favoured. The establishment of these parameters is a necessary advance to continue with measurements of genetic and phenotypical parameters to implement mutation breeding in coffee looking for new sources of resistance against CLR.


The basic principles of advance organizers set down by David Ausubel have become among the most widely used methods of instruction in schools today, but this approach has been limited for the most part to classroom instruction in primary and secondary schools and has not seen widespread discussion and application in technical communication theory and practice. This presentation examines the concept of advance organizers, categorizes the different types of advance organizers - textual, oral, and graphical - then illustrates how professional communicators may use rich media product simulation software to expand these categories with second-generation advance organizers that provide multimodality, interactivity, and feedback to technical documents.


Questions about market formation have engaged economic sociologists and organization theorists for decades. Research so far has shown that, rather than studying how supply meets demand, we need to look at networks, culture, and power relations if we want to understand how markets are shaped. In this research project I conduct a field ethnography of the social investment market in the UK, focused on the period from 2000 to 2014, in order to ground these insights around market formation in a context that is full of experimentation, ambiguity, and contestation. I find three overall processes – connecting actors, lobbying, and creating a discourse – that are central to the formation of this nascent market, each with different mechanisms, and I link these findings to a new perspective on theories of intermediation.


In this article, we deal with rehabilitation robot robust control in order to obtain best performance in the human-robot interaction. This class of system is subject to abrupt changes due to exogenous inputs and parameter variations caused, mainly, by the human dynamic behavior. In this context, Markovian jump linear systems offer suitable tools to model and control of this class of interactions. We propose force and impedance controllers based on robust recursive Markovian versions of the standard Kalman filter and the linear quadratic regulator. Different levels of the individual's actuation during the interaction with the robot define the Markov states. The measurement of electromyographic signals is used as jump parameter among Markov states. Also, a serious game is used to generate visual feedback, to promote active user participation, and to guide his movement routine. We compare our proposal with two other Markovian-based approaches and show the effectiveness our method through experiments with an ankle rehabilitation platform.


The effects of the absence of gravitationally driven thermal convection on the growth of whiskers by chemical reduction of metal salts was studied. It was possible to accomplish nearly complete suppression of such convection. Suppression of the convection does indeed effect the growth but in subtle, not necessarily detrimental ways: none of the changes observed were such as to hamper efforts to produce whiskers in space. Copper whiskers grown from cuprous iodide respond most positively to the suppression of convection; therefore, they are strongly recommended for tests in the space environment. Cobalt whiskers grown from cobaltous bromide show the greatest independence from conditions of convection and applied electric fields of any material studied; therefore, this medium is highly recommended. A strong pulse of electric field forces the whiskers to stick to the growth vessel top plate, this facilitates study or "harvesting'. On the space station it is recommended that the growth vessels be mounted outside the laboratory and joined with the station by means of double vacuum valves and gas service lines.


IN THIEIR celebrated article on the constantelasticity-of-substitution (CES) production function, Arrow, Cheney, Minhas, and Solow (1961) estimate factor-neutral efficiency differences between U.S. and Japanese manufacturing industries. They note that there is "some slight indication... that the American advantage in efficiency tends to be least in capital-intensive industries" (p. 247). Elsewhere, I have suggested that these factor-neutral differences may be due to differences in factor quality or to the role of capital invested in skills and, if the latter, should indeed be smallest in the least labor-intensive (most capital-intensive) industries (Kenen, 1965, p. 456). A formal demonstration follows: Consider the constant-cost CES production function:


For mainstreaming the gender issues, there are large number of programs for welfare of rural women. The present study was conducted in Haryana and Delhi to find the differential perception of programme functionaries and beneficiaries. It is envisaged that the findings will have effect on planning and implementation of successful programmes. The perception of programme functionaries and beneficiaries were assessed for their training needs, aspirations, their work load, benefits, constraints and their suggestions for improvement of developmental programme.


The present article aims to reflect on the way higher education has been dealing with the inclusion of the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) in their curricula. Therefore, we analyzed the pedagogical projects of two courses of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) which have suffered recent changes with regard to the inclusion of LIBRAS into their curriculum: the History and Literature courses. KEYWORDS: Brazilian Sign Language; inclusion; higher education.


This paper aims to examine the conflicts that occur between communities around the mine and mining companies. Mining is one sector that often reaps protests that lead to conflicts from communities other than plantations and forestry. Conflicts that occur in the same form tend to be resolved through the same method. Conflicts that occur repeatedly indicate there is no conflict resolution for the substantial problem that was become the conflict trigger. Conflict resolution efforts are often not directly related to the impacts that caused by the company's extraction activities. this shows the tendency that emerged that the conflict was then maintained as a strategy to obtain profits from the company's existence.


The close binary and Be star CX Dra was studied using high S/N spectra. The observations were performed in three 200 A long spectral regions centered on 4250, 4500 and 6000 A. In all three regions many lines of cool companion of CX Dra were detected. From the spectroscopic orbit of CX Dra we have found : m1 (sin i) 3 = 3.14 M ⊙ , m2 (sin i) 3 = 0.75 M ⊙ , a1 (sin i) 3 = 4.54 R ⊙ , a2 (sin i) 3 = 18.98 R ⊙ and mass ratio q = 0.24. The determination of the secondary orbit is the first such measurement. The observed properties of the secondary component (giant mid F star) are in agreement with the assumption that CX Dra is an interacting Be binary star


For military training and course-of-action analysis, OneSAF Int'l version being used in ROK Army has a limited capability to simulate NBC(nuclear, biological, and chemical) damages. For high-fidelity NBC combat simulation, it is required to visualize NBC contamination dispersion in consideration of weather conditions and terrain characteristics. However, OneSAF itself handling interaction among thousands of combat entities cannot carry out a simulation of NBC contamination dispersion because it brings about an excess burden. To resolve this problem, this research aims to design simulation federation for analysis on NBC operational effects. After examining design consideration to connect OneSAF and a NBC contamination dispersion model, we design a federation architecture that facilitates the interaction between OneSAF and a NBC contamination dispersion model. Afterwards, we implement a federation interface to share simulation data by publish-subscribe pattern and to translate them into the proprietary format for each model. We prove the possibility of federation between both models, as showing that dispersion of NBC contaminated cloud and changes in concentration are reflected in OneSAF-based engagement simulation.


The experimental data presented here show that the generation of dislocations in Si along Si3N4 edges is due to the cumulative effect of the Si3N4 stress field near the nitride edge and to the point defects produced during thermal oxidation. Within our experimental range, the stress along the Si3N4 edges alone is not sufficient to generate dislocations in silicon. We have determined a critical ratio of Si3N4 thickness to SiO2 thickness which does not lead to the generation of dislocations.


IL-12 is a well-established driver of type 1 immune responses. Paradoxically, in several autoimmune conditions including neuroinflammation, IL-12 reduces pathology and exhibits regulatory properties. Yet, the mechanism and the involved cellular players behind this immune regulation remain elusive. To identify the IL-12-responsive elements which prevent immunopathology, we generated mouse models lacking a functional IL-12 receptor either in all cells or in specific populations within the immune or central nervous system (CNS) compartments, and induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which models human Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This revealed that the CNS tissue-protective features of IL-12 are mediated by cells of the neuroectoderm, and not immune cells. Importantly, sections of brain from patients with MS show comparable patterns of expression, indicating parallel mechanisms in humans. By combining spectral flow cytometry, bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we uncovered an IL-12-induced neuroprotective adaption of the neuroectoderm critically involved in maintaining CNS tissue integrity during inflammation.


BACKGROUND
Energy status is associated with ripening, senescence and physiological disorder of various types of fruit after harvest, including peaches. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was effective in enhancing chilling tolerance in cold-stored peach fruit. The effect of MeJA on energy metabolism in peach fruit was investigated.

RESULTS
MeJA treatment increased the contents of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, but decreased the content of adenosine monophosphate, which resulted in a higher level of energy charge in peach fruit. Enzyme activities including H+-adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase were also higher in MeJA-treated fruit than those in control fruit. Meanwhile, MeJA treatment markedly inhibited the increase of ion leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde, super-oxidant radical and hydrogen peroxide.

CONCLUSION
These results indicated that MeJA could enhance chilling tolerance of peach fruit by inducing enzyme activities related to energy metabolism and maintaining high levels of ATP and energy charge.


When a user retrieves a page from a web archive, the page is marked with the acquisition datetime of the root resource, which effectively asserts "this is how the page looked at a that datetime." However, embedded resources, such as images, are often archived at different datetimes than the main page. The presentation appears temporally coherent, but is composed from resources acquired over a wide range of datetimes. We examine the completeness and temporal coherence of composite archived resources (composite mementos) under two selection heuristics. The completeness and temporal coherence achieved using a single archive was compared to the results achieved using multiple archives. We found that at most 38.7% of composite mementos are both temporally coherent and that at most only 17.9% (roughly 1 in 5) are temporally coherent and 100% complete. Using multiple archives increases mean completeness by 3.1-4.1% but also reduces temporal coherence.


—This paper presents a comparative analysis of electricity saving and side effects when used the large lightbox with LED tube lamp to sustainable energy savings. The experimental are used both types of lamps that are generally sold in the market to measure various electrical performance, power consumption rate, electric power, illuminance value and analysis the break-even point. The experiment results are shown the good effective on energy saving performance and side effects on the high temperature due to installed in the large light box of LED lamps (T8-18 Watts) with an adapter when replaced from fluorescent lamps (T8-36 watts) with conventional magnetic ballast type for installed within the large lightbox. The analysis is shown that the LED lamps (T8-18 Watts) can be save the electricity up to 42.22% with the brightness higher than 1.89 times, but the price higher than about 4.58 times with the lifetime is about 15,000 hours.Which the results of the analysis to find the payback period or break-even point is 4.53 months or 0.38 years to payback, when activated 6 hours per day, every day. So that, investors should consider an important problem is that the warranty period for the LED lamps type, when used in the large light box may not be 1 year, but may be reduced to only 1 month or not guaranteed at all due to lamps (T8-18 Watts) tube type set are not able to withstand high-temperature applications such as inside the large lightbox.


This study is based on the Response Style Theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1987, 1991). The aims were to adapt the ruminative responses scale of the Children´s Response Styles Scale (CRSS; Ziegert & Kistner, 2002) to Spanish adolescents and to test whether gender differences in the components of ru-mination (brooding and reflection) account for the higher scores in depression among girls. A total of 1188 adolescents (544 girls and 644 boys), aged be-tween 12 and 18 years, completed the ruminative re-sponse scale and a measure of depressive symptoms (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). The factor analysis con-firmed the two factor model and presented good in-ternal consistency. Finally, the results showed that gender differences in reflection partially explained the higher depressive scores of adolescent girls.


Therapeutic combinations useful in the treatment or prevention of depression or other mood disorders, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said combinations, and to their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of depression or other mood disorders are provided. Such compounds are of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, n, and m are as defined and described herein. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Perfect matching in balanced bipartite graphs can represent that all the jobs are distributed to processing machines. This paper presents the concept of "perfect matching essential edge" to characterize the edge lies in every perfect matching. If any perfect matching essential edge fails, the graphs bears no perfect matching; that is, certain job cannot be assigned to any processing machine. This paper discusses the problem of augmenting one balanced bipartite graph to contain no perfect matching essential edge by adding least edges. This problem helps to design robust job assignment circuit. We prove this problem is NP-Complete. Thus, we employ one greedy algorithm of "Minimal Set Cover" problem to solve this problem. Experiment results show our algorithm can improve the number of augmenting edges significantly compared with the best algorithm existed.


Synthetic dyes and intermediates for their synthesis are widely used in dyeing textile materials. The presence of the necessary functional groups in the structure of the dyes provides their biocidal properties. When using dyes with biocidal properties, the surface of textile materials is seized from destruction. Separate representative dyes protect the human body from the action of pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to create conditions for a timely attack by the textile material on bacteria and fungi. A sufficient number of natural and synthetic compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity. Many of these compounds are hazardous to humans and animals. Only a few chemical compounds can be recommended for practical use as antiseptic preparations. The inclusion of even a small fraction of antibacterial fibers in the structure of textile materials can provide the desired properties. The biostability of fibrous materials is influenced by the choice of dye. Not all dyes that have bactericidal activity in their pure form exhibit it when applied to textile material. For the manifestation of these functions, dyes must have groups responsible for their bacteriological activity. In developed countries, attempts are being made to uniform dyeing and bioprotective processing of textile materials. The combination of these processes is not only theoretical but also a promising area of research. When creating antibacterial textile materials, nanotechnology is being actively introduced. The use of nanotechnology reduces the cost of raw materials and materials. At the same time, the most promising for use in medicine are nanomaterials that meet the following requirements, such as biocompatibility and programmability of a positive effect on a biological object. Thus, the article analyzes the scientific literature in the field of dyes with biocidal properties.


Because of the monitor system's IO ports on single FPGA was insufficient,which could not meet the requirement of a high sampling rate of hundreds monitoring signals,this paper introduced a multi-channel parallel digital signal collecting module based on asynchronous FIFO of multiple FPGA chips.It collected low or high states of the digital signals and memories in the FIFO;then,it was made into lame structure and memories in the FLASH;finally,it connected with the host computer via USB interface.The simulation results indicated that the collecting module of 400 hundred digital signals was easy to be modified,controlled,and was high reliability.Its sampling signal routes could be expanded in the light of the use's need.


> Internet Protocol Television / IPTV is a system used to transmit multimedia data over an Internet Protocol (IP) based network. This technology is changing the way humans communicate with television to be more interactive. IPTV is a technology that is being developed in various countries, including Indonesia, which will soon implement it. The existing broadcast system on Kebumen TV still uses analog transmitters using UHF frequencies, so broadcasts cannot reach large areas and are still limited by broadcast time schedules. The development of a TV transmitter system made is a solution to solve existing problems. The TV transmitter system created will utilize the Internet Protocol (IP) network so that Kebumen TV viewers who are outside the broadcast range can enjoy Kebumen TV broadcasts. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a method of channeling television images and sound through the Internet Protocol (IP). The feature of IPTV is that it can broadcast live or pre-recorded digital video and can transmit programs from various sources. From the research results of television transmitters using the Internet Protocol (IP) network have several advantages compared to analog tv transmitters, among others nois produced far less, is cheaper, and allows for broadcasting more functions and broadcast content.


A method and apparatus for establishing a Voice over LTE (Long Term Evolution) (VoLTE) call in a communication network are provided. After a request for establishing a VoLTE call is received, a user equipment (UE) involved in the VoLTE call that is in LTE coverage can be identified. One or more dummy messages are send to the identified UE after the VoLTE call enters into ringing phase. An interval between successive dummy messages is shorter than a first time period set for determining whether to release radio resource for supporting the VoLTE call in LTE coverage. Sending the dummy message can be stopped if the VoLTE call is answered or is cancelled. As a consequence, time spending on establishing a VoLTE call is shortened and good performance characteristics is achieved, and signallings on networks are reduced.


'Sit ergo nobis orator quem constituimus is qui a M. Catone finitur, vir bonus dicendi peritus, verum, id quod et ille posuit prius et ipsa natura potius ac maius est, utique vir bonus.' (Inst. XII, 1, 1). Why did Quintilian insist so strongly on the moral qualities of the orator ? The question has not been persistently enough asked. Austin, for example, thinks that it is only 'a steadfast sincerity of purpose throughout' that redeems the first chapter of Book Twelve from 'mere moralizing'. And it only takes the problem a stage further back to say that this is a matter of Stoic influence. Even if Posidonius did formulate in connexion with rhetoric a maxim on the lines of Strabo's οὐχ οἷόν τε ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι ποιητὴν μὴ πρότερον γενηθέντα ἄνδρα ἀγαθόν, we must still ask why Quintilian troubled to give this Stoic view such new prominence. After all, 'oratori…nihil est necesse in cuiusquam iurare leges' (XII, 2, 26). And it is clear that Quintilian realized that he was innovating. Cicero, he writes, despite the width of his conception, thought it enough to discuss merely the type of oratory that should be used by the perfect orator: 'at nostra temeritas etiam mores ei conabitur dare et adsignabit officia.' (XII, pr. 4). This is perhaps to schematize the contrast a little over-dramatically. Cicero had certainly written in theDe Oratore: 'Quarum virtutum expertibus si dicendi copiam tradiderimus, non eos quidem oratores effecerimus, sed furentibus quaedam arma dederimus.' (III, 55). But there is no doubt that Cicero was not primarily concerned with the moral aspect. As the leading orator of his day, he may have thought it indelicate or superfluous to stress that the perfect orator must be a good man. Moreover, it was not clear that the troubles of Cicero's day were the result of morally bad orators: one had to look back to Saturninus and Glaucia for examples of the evils caused by unscrupulous use of words.


This study employed a sample of 60 pre-service teachers to examine the guiding effects of under-standing critical reading theories on using external reading strategies such as note-taking and underlining when confronting an ironical literary text. The study broke down the teachers into one control group of 30 teachers and one experimental group of 30 teachers. Two ironical texts were used to collect data from the sample of pre-service teachers - one read before the experimental group received instruction in critical reading theories and the other after such instruction which led to the finding that the entire sample of pre-service teachers mostly summarized and read the texts superficially before they had been exposed to training in critical reading instruction. After undergoing the critical reading instruction, most of the pre-service teachers in the experimental group who had previously summarized the subject text now rewrote the author's expressions, which is indicative critical reading. When the notes taken and the expressions underlined by the critical readers were analyzed, it was determined that critical readers underlined and took notes of more critical points more and summarized less.

 Key words: Critical reading, reading strategies, pre-service teachers, external strategies.


The clean-up subcommittee under "Nuclear Safety" Investigation Committee, which aims to propose environmental remediation methods from radioactive material contamination in the areas outside the power plant, has proposed an early establishment of the radiation monitoring and the environmental remediation centers and development of the environmental remediation strategy and environmental remediation technology program with cooperation from the local residents. Moreover, this study introduces the knowledge gained from the Chernobyl Accident, which experienced similar contamination of the surrounding area, from the perspective of the environmental remediation. On the contrary, the environmental remediation faced problems, including the inability of the legal system to treat the contaminated debris and other wastes as industrial waste and the absence of the safety standard in environmental radiation for lifting the evacuation order.


Using the example for the group SU(1,1), the author obtains the basis functions of a Hilbert space of analytic functions from the Perelomov (1972) definition of generalised coherent states. The Lie algebra in this space has the form of a Holstein-Primakoff representation appropriate for SU(1,1).


The aim of my bachelor theses is to analyze the contemporary state and give suggestions on the measures in the area of internal audits in Martin city. The theoretical part dealt with the characteristics of controls and internal audits, historical development and base divisions… necessary for the realization this work. The main attention is focused on mostly on the internal audits, their main parts an process in public area of Slovak Republic. These information and knowledge I will need for the execution of the following analysis in Martin city. In the analytical part is described the contemporary state of the controls processes and internal audits in conditions of Martin city with the help of all acquired knowledge's. The analysis is focused on identification of the present task loading. The attention is riveted mainly on planes and notices associated with audits process. The main sources of information were the results acquired from data processing to me available documentation. The suggestion part is targeted on the solution of the questions in the area of internal audits in Martin city and it contains proposal the possible solution for these tasks. Hereby is offered the conditions of introducing this proposal into practice. In the last part is evaluated the offered proposal from the point of view of possibilities and demands for its realization.


Using materials from Russian archives as well as from the Leeds Russian Archive (Great Britain), this article traces stages of activity of the Russian Political Delegation (RPD). The Delegation was established in 1919 by the Russian Political Meeting (RPM) in Paris for direct participation in the Versailles Peace Conference. Its activities were authorized by Admiral Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia. The article covers the formation of the RPD, which included Prince Lvov, N. V. Tchaikovsky, V. A. Maklakov, and S. D. Sazonov. Due to circumstances beyond its control, the Delegation did not get the opportunity to participate in the conference, and its international activities were quite limited. However, after the dissolution of the Russian Political Meeting, the Russian Political Delegation continued its activities, claiming the status of the foreign center of a White Movement. Its ranks aggravated the split between public figures and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Movement: social activists wanted the government of Omsk to remove S. D. Sazonov. Admiral Kolchak decided to retain control of his government over foreign missions, keep S. D. Sazonov as Minister, and asked the delegation to continue its work. In fact, in late 1919 and early 1920, the Russian Political Delegation managed to head the foreign mission of the White Movement. However, it was unable to cope with problems standing on its agenda. G. E. Lvov and N. V. Tchaikovsky, who used the situation of the Delegation members to influence affairs, diligently supported its existence. The last statements of the Russian Political Delegation refer to the end of 1920, the period of evacuation of the Wrangel's army from Crimea. Analysis of the RPD's activities provides an insight into challenges that in general were characteristic of the Movement and that eventually played their role in its defeat.


I desire to call your attention, this morning, to a number of patients who belong to a large class that will confront you during the whole of your active career as medical practitioners. The first one is a young woman, 25 years of age, who had typhoid fever about a year ago. She had been employed as a shop girl for seven years previous to her illness, but had considered herself in good health till a month before the attack. She says that she was very ill for a period of five weeks and "took a lot of strong medicine." Instead of recovering her normal vigor she has remained thin and feeble. Her heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver and reproductive organs appear to be healthy, but she complains of lack of appetite, epigastric distension, frequent eructation for several hours after eating and constipation of the bowels. She is listless, depressed


Real-world domains involve objects, and if artificial agents are to interact successfully with our world, they will need to represent and reason about these objects, their attributes, and the relations that hold among them. Thus, the question of how to represent the world to the agent becomes important. This thesis compares two representations that are intended to allow for the use of reinforcement learning techniques in a domain that is essentially relational, a fully propositionalized representation, and a "deictic" one. The full propositional representation is impractical for large domains, and the hope was that a deictic representation would ameliorate many of the scaling problems. However, this thesis argues that a deictic representation raises a new set of problems that may make such a representation infeasible, even in fairly small domains. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie P. Kaelbling Title: Professor of Computer Science and Engineering


PURPOSE: To clamp a workpiece to an accompanying supporter by a force which is uniform in time and space in a plasma processing environment by constituting an electrode which, being exposed to plasma and connected to a voltage supply means, applies a plasma voltage to the voltage supply means as a reference voltage. CONSTITUTION: A reference electrode 21 is allocated near a wafer 11. A battery or other pairs of DC power sources 26 and 27 and switches 23 and 24 connected in series selectively apply a positive/negative voltage to respective positive/ negative clamp electrodes 13 and 14 from a power source. The reference electrode 21 is connected between electrodes, when a switch 28 is opened to disconnect a power source from the system ground, the reference electrode 21 applies a bias electric potential as the surface of a pedestal 12 and the wafer 11 receive as a reference voltage to the DC power sources 26 and 27, so that positive/ negative electric potential applied to the electrode is equal (for example, 300 V) with respect to the outside surface of wafer 11 and clamp. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Abstract : Figure 2 reproduces an old diagram illustrating, according to the association-induction hypothesis, the consequences of the adsorption of ATP onto a protein. Figure 3 incorporates this diagram into the vesicle model. In this model, the passage of Na(+) could occur via the water layers polarized by the surfaces proteins and phospholipods, or via association with, followed by dissociation from, the fixed anionic sites at the surface. Without ATP the water molecules are much closer to a state of normal water with relatively high permeability for solutes such as Na(+) and K(+); as a result more of the labeled Na(+) introduced into the vesicles exchanges with nonlabeled Na(+) in the Sephadex column, after the vesicles have separated from their incubation medium but before they have reached the collection tube. Inclusion of ATP in the incubation mixture during the isotope loading stage causes a conformational change of the ATPase protein, allowing at least a part of the polypeptide chains to become extended.


Today's web applications are highly dynamic and powerful software components that may change often. Mostly, they are based on JavaScript or AJAX. A common way to ensure correct behaviour is to use selective regression tests. Nevertheless, especially on the client side, testing is hard. One way to ease the development and the testing process of dynamic web applications is to use the Google Web Toolkit (GWT). This framework enables the development in Java and transfers the code via a compiler into JavaScript. However, it does not support regression testing with test selection. As far as we know, this paper presents the first selective regression testing technique for GWT-based web applications. In order to determine test cases that have to be rerun, it compares the Java code of two versions of the application, localizes and classifies changes in the code, and traces the mapping of Java source code to JavaScript code. We have implemented our technique as a prototype Eclipse plug-in and have conducted an evaluation of the tool.


Abstract. The Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) formation of magnesium lines in cool stars can be improved by the inclusion of very recent quantum mechanical treatment of inelastic collisions with electrons and hydrogen atoms. We present the study of the intercombination line at 4571 Å in the atmosphere of four benchmark late-type stars: the Sun, Arcturus, HD 84937 (metal-poor dwarf) and HD 122563 (metal-poor giant). This preliminary study relies on a simplified model atom of Mg I with a consistent set atomic data rather than a complete model atom. In this context, results show that even if the 4571 Å line is formed close to LTE in the Sun, its line source function can be larger than the Planck function, especially in metal-poor giant for which we expect to have positive abundance corrections.


Considering the reverse characteristics of water level of industrial boiler drum, a three impulses control system of water level of boiler drum based on fuzzy self-adaptive PID control strategy is designed, the inner loop is used to rapidly overcome water supplying disturbance of control path and the outer loop is used to attenuate the disturbance because of changing of steam flow rate in the control system. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that significant control performance is acquired in eliminating the internal and external disturbance. Futhermore, the scheme is adaptable and robust to the parameters' variation and uncertainties.


0 Until the early 20th century, reading aloud was the prevalent method of teaching reading in Western cultures. Subsequent to the rise of silent reading instruction in the early 1900s, three schools of thought developed about oral reading instruction. The first group saw oral reading as a means to more proficient silent reading; the second viewed oral reading as a detriment to the development of proficient silent reading; and the third approached oral reading as an art form whose techniques were worth mastering. The debate about the relative value of silent and oral reading diminished in the 1950s with the acknowledgment by some that reading aloud and reading silently involve different skills (Allington, 1984). One important benefit of reading aloud as opposed to silent reading is that reading aloud develops an awareness of sound-symbol relationships. Because of this benefit, some applied linguists recommend reading aloud for beginning-level ESL classes (Bright, Koch, Ruttenberg, & Terdy, 1982; Rivers, 1968). Learners at the beginning levels have limited experiences with the spoken language. As a result, they are not successful in predicting the pronunciation of words they encounter in printed texts. Reading aloud expands learners' auditory experiences with the target language by exposing them to words that they would not ordinarily hear in spoken form. Whereas there is evidence that oral reading may slow the reading speed of advanced ESL learners and inhibit their comprehension (Smith, 1971), the awareness that oral reading helps develop decoding strategies has led some to argue for the inclusion of some oral reading


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of bromhidrosis with botulinum toxin A by needle free injection.

Methods
A total of 40 patients with bromhidrosis were collected and divided into needle free group and needle group. A comparative study was carried out in those subjects. Patients in needle free group received needle free injection of botulinum toxin A by INJEX30; Needle group received traditional injection by 26 G needles.

Results
In needle free group, 16 cases were cured, 3 cases were effective, 1 case was ineffective, no significant pain, hematomas or necrosis were found. In needle group, 15 cases were cured, 4 cases were effective, and 1 case was ineffective; localized hematoma occurred in 2 cases. And cases in group needle experienced pain more intensely than cases in needle free group.

Conclusions
The INJEX30 improves the security, comfort and therapy compliance of botulinum toxin A injection in the bromhidrosis patients, with similar efficacy with traditional injection.

Key words:
Bromhidrosis; Needle free injection; Botulinum toxin A


The Luso-Brazilian Colonial Metalist Imaginary: The Serra das Esmeraldas during the second half of 17th century. The Serra das Esmeraldas is a legendary Hill, usualy localized on Espirito Santo Capitaincy's hinterland during the colonial period of Brazil. During several years, a diversity of adventures and bandeirantes left to the wilderness in search of something waiting for them somewhere unknown. Sergio Buarque de Holanda stands up to the idea that de Hill was part of a group of myths kept and brought by the Portuguese from Europe to America, acting like an ideal scenario formulated from their experiences and mythologies. The hill's endurance in the colonial imaginary makes us pay more attention on Espirito Santo's documents, even though this fantastic place is not present only in the imaginary of the capixaba's settlers, but in all of Brazil.


The use of polypropylene materials in industry for food packaging is increasing. The presence of additives in the polymer matrix enables the modification or improvement of the properties and performance of the polymer, but these additives are potential risk for human health. In this context, an efficient analytical method for the quantitative determination of three antioxidants (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), dibutylhydroxyphenylpropionic acid stearyl ester (Irganox 1076), and tns-(2.4-di-tert-butyl)-phosphite (Irgafos 168)) and five ultraviolet stabilizers (2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) (UV-P), (2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chloroben zotriazole (UV-326), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazol- 2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol(UV-329), and 2-hydroxy-4(octyloxy) benzophenone (UV-531)) in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. Parameters affecting the ...


From Anne Hutchinson to Elizabeth Cady Stanton to Betty Friedan, American women have been at the forefront of the battle to extend the benefits of liberty to all Americans. The 200 key events featured in this book range from early colonial times to our own century, covering such issues as work, family life, social reform, and equal rights.


The selection of competent oocytes to completion of meiosis in vitro, fertilization or reconstructing (cloning, transgenesis) is the initial stage of cell reproductive technologies in animal husbandry. The development of effective methods of early prediction prospective potencies for extracorporeal maturation and fertilization of oocyte is the actual problem of rapidly developing embryo technologies. Numerous factors determined developmental competence of the oocytes. Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining has been used for selection of oocytes from several mammalian species, including pigs (Ericsson S. et al, Theriogenology, 39(1): p.214, 1993). BCB determines the intracellular activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which plays an important role in cell growth, as a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate cycle. The enzyme activity in the growing oocyte increases, opposite in the oocytes that have finished growth phase it decreases (Alm et al., 2005). BCB - diagnostics of the initial population of oocytes based on staining with vital dye brilliant cresyl blue have proposed as an effective indicator of completion of oocyte growth phase.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the developmental competence of porcine oocytes that have finished growth phase (BCB+) in vivo depending on diameter (d) of follicles (d <3 mm, 3 –5 mm, <6 mm).
Before in vitro maturation compact cumulus oocyte complexes were incubated in BCB solution (13 μM) for 90 minutes. Treated oocytes were divided into BCB- (colourless cytoplasm) and BCB+ (coloured cytoplasm). We have found that different diameter follicles contain both growing oocytes and oocytes that have finished growth phase in vivo (follicles d <3 mm – 71%; follicles d 3 - 5 mm – 86%; follicles d 6 – 8mm – 86%). Only BCB+ oocytes were used in the experiments. The medium used for oocyte maturation was NCSU 23 supplemented with 10% follicular fluid, 0.1 mg/ml cysteine,10 IU/ml eCG and 10 IU/ml hCG. Follicular fluid was collected from follicles with 3 - 6 mm in diameter. Oocyte cumulus complexes were cultured in maturation medium with pieces of wall (600 – 900 µmin length) from non athretic healthy follicles (d 3 – 6mm). After 20 – 22 h of culture, oocyte cumulus complexes and pieces of wall were washed and transferred into the same maturation medium but without hormonal supplements for another 20-22 h of culture. After in vitro maturation, oocytes were fertilized in vitro and embryos were cultured by standard protocols (Kuzmina et al., 2008). We have estimated oocyte maturation, quality of early embryos including status of chromatin (Tarkowsky, 1966). All chemicals used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Data were analyzed by Chi2 – test.
Oocytes that have finished their growth phase of examined species have shown high potency to maturation in all groups of experiment (follicles d <3 mm – 78%; follicles d 3 –5mm – 79%; follicles d 6 – 8 mm– 85%). Level of oocyte with degenerative chromatin had not significant differences in all groups of experiments. We did not find significant differences between the level of cleavage and blastocyst in all groups of experiments. Percentages of cleavage and blastocyst in the groups were: follicles d <3 mm– 43% (27/63) and 29% (18/63); follicles d 3 – 5 mm– 46% (45/98) and 35% (34/98); follicles d < 6 – 8 mm–48% (28/58) and 28% (16/58) (χ² test). Analysis of morphology and chromatin abnormalities in embryos has not shown significant differences between the groups of experiment.
Developmental competence of Sus Scrofa Domesticus oocytes that have finished growth phase in vivo, isolated from the follicles of various diameters (<3 mm, 3 – 5mm and 6 – 8mm) was analyzed. There were no significant differences in the level of cleavage and embryos on the blastocyst stage and their morphological characteristics. The findings suggest the equal potency to the maturation and fertilization of oocytes that have finished growth phase in vivo, independently of diameter of follicles.


Annotea is a framework that supports Semantic Web based collaboration and authoring via Annotea objects, such as social annotations, bookmarks, and topics. Social bookmarks and topics can be used for semantic authoring in many levels. They let ordinary users tag interesting Web documents with their own personal concepts (folksonomies). These concepts can be simple or form hierarchies, and they can be linked to more standard concepts when users become aware of them. Collections of the concepts and the bookmarks under them can be stored to bookmark documents or services as metadata and easily shared with other users. Annotea users can also literally semantically author pages with link collections and categories. They can use the title and description information of the topics and bookmarks to create the page content. This content from the bookmark and topics hierarchies is then easily converted to XHTML Web pages by using XSLT scripts. Annotea presentation objects further support authoring and customized presentations by separating the presentation and the application data. While Annotea precedes tagging and social bookmarking services and tools popular today it still provides better flexibility, extendibility, and reuse of the bookmark and topic data with help of the Semantic Web technologies.


FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio telemetry systems and can be used for generation of radio signals with different types of modulation. Multifunctional device for generation of telemetry radio signals with angular modulation for transmitting analogue-digital or digital information includes: two analogue-to-digital converters, ten memory registers, three switches, two multipliers, two adders, phase accumulator, phase-amplitude converter, digital-to-analogue converter, low-pass filter, power amplifier, two FIR (with finite impulse response) filters, synchronisation circuit, clock frequency generator, programming interface. EFFECT: technical result is broader functional capabilities owing to generation of telemetry radio signals with APM-FM during transmission of analogue-digital information from two sources, with time division of channels or radio signals with PSK, MFM, FSK and PSK, MFM, FSK with pre-modulated filtering, when transmitting digital information. 1 cl, 2 dwg


Heavy haul railway has the characteristics of large carrying capacity, high energy consumption and low utilization rate of regenerative braking energy. In order to realize energy saving and consumption reduction of heavy-load railway, this paper analyzes the load characteristics, regenerative braking energy characteristics and power complementary relationship between adjacent traction substations based on the measured data; The comprehensive utilization technology of regenerative braking energy combining energy dispatching and energy storage between adjacent traction substations is proposed, and the corresponding power flow control strategy and converter control method are formulated. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed railway regenerative braking energy comprehensive utilization technology are verified by the test data of practical engineering applications.


The concept of "zero waste" is one of the most modern in the field of waste management. It is based on the organization of closed cycles when one production waste used as raw materials for another. In this paper we discuss models of optimal allocation of agricultural waste by type of their processing and distribution. For investigation of the waste management system we use hybrid methods combining neural networks and deterministic algorithms. It is assumed that in the future this kind of models will be realized in the system of public service in electronic form.


The paper introduced and analysed the energy saving practice of frequency modulation on fan for boiler, put forward the using and discussion of frequency modulation and microcomputer automatic control system on heating adjustment boiler to get the result of energy saving.


Human intends play a dominat role in exoskeleton robot control system and frequently need an accurate estimation algorithm. This paper attempts to build a detailded musculoskeletal model of the knee joint based on human anatomy, and then introduces electromyographic(EMG) signals to estimate human body intend from sitting to standing. We identified parameters of musculoskeletal model considering individual differences. Furthermore, an evaluation indicator is proposed that appropriately reflects the comfortable degree of human body and muscle strength. An online optimization algorithm of the evaluation indicator is then investigated to obtain expected exoskeleton forces. The simulation results indicate that the musculoskeletal model is able to correctly estimate msucle torque, and the indicator makes it possible to follow human motion to some extent.


A simple and versatile method for the replacement of aromatic diazonium groups by hydrogen or deuterium was exploited by utilizing thiophenol as a reducing agent. The yields were over 84% for 14 examples and the isotopic purity was 100%. The reaction may involve a free radical mechanism.


Significance Establishing an absolute free energy scale for single-ion hydration has been an elusive goal of condensed-phase chemistry for nearly a century. In this paper, a zero for the free energy scale is determined by employing quasi-chemical theory and quantum mechanical simulations of the sodium ion in water. The simulation results produce an accurate estimate of the effective surface potential of water by comparison of the computed "bulk" hydration free energy with experimental values for the "real" hydration free energy. This work provides a firm quantitative footing for studies of interfacial specific ion structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics in fields as diverse as colloid science, electrochemistry, biophysics, and energy storage materials. With a goal of determining an absolute free energy scale for ion hydration, quasi-chemical theory and ab initio quantum mechanical simulations are employed to obtain an accurate value for the bulk hydration free energy of the Na+ ion. The free energy is partitioned into three parts: 1) the inner-shell or chemical contribution that includes direct interactions of the ion with nearby waters, 2) the packing free energy that is the work to produce a cavity of size λ in water, and 3) the long-range contribution that involves all interactions outside the inner shell. The interfacial potential contribution to the free energy resides in the long-range term. By averaging cation and anion data for that contribution, cumulant terms of all odd orders in the electrostatic potential are removed. The computed total is then the bulk hydration free energy. Comparison with the experimentally derived real hydration free energy produces an effective surface potential of water in the range −0.4 to −0.5 V. The result is consistent with a variety of experiments concerning acid–base chemistry, ion distributions near hydrophobic interfaces, and electric fields near the surface of water droplets.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of plateau zokors(Myospalax baileyi)adaptation to the hypoxic-high carbon dioxide environment by assaying the lactate(LD)content,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity,and spectrum of LDH isoenzymes in serum of plateau zokors.Methods The LD content and the LDH activity were determined by spectrophotometry.The LDH isoenzymes were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results The LD content,LDH activity,and spectrum of LDH isoenzymes showed significant changes in different seasons.The LD content and LDH activity decreased significantly in spring,summer,and autumn(P0.05).The LD contents in spring,summer,and autumn were 6.98±1.20 mmol/L,6.65±1.80 mmol/L,and 3.17±0.38 mmol/L,respectirely,whereas the LDH activities were 5 865.79±1 338.94 U/mg,4 493.73±1 153.47 U/mg,and 3 338.11±5 23.74 U/mg,respectively.The spectra of LDH showed specific bands in serum of plateau zokors in different seasons.The spectrum of LDH isoenzymes in spring contained five bands,i.e.LDH1,LDH2,LDH3,LDH4,and LDH5,which were deeply stained and broad.But the LDH1 and LDH2 in summer nearly disappered while the bands of LDH3,LDH4 and LDH5 were lightly stained and narrow.The bands of LDH isoenzymes in autumn nearly dissappered except for LDH5.Conclusions The LD content,the LDH activity,and the spectrum of LDH isoenzymes in serum of plateau zokors vary with seasons.


The feed preference of two species of wild mice, the house mouse (Mus musculus), and the mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) was investigated (kept in our laboratory for 25 generations). Our interest focused on the feed preference (i.e. if the mice choose the type of feed closest to their natural food). The proximate composition of the two granulated feeds offered to mice differed minimally; the crude fat and crude fibre content of the natural feed mixture was higher, and only this feed contained insect protein. Based on the obtained results, both wild mice species approached the natural feed mixture more frequently than the two other granulated feeds. The same tendency was observed for feed consumption where the animals mostly consumed the natural feed mixture. During the 5-day long study, the consumption of the natural feed mixture increased continuously, while the consumption of the granulated laboratory feed decreased significantly. The average feed consumption was also influenced by room temperature. Our studies can help to develop the optimized indoor keeping and breeding of small domesticated mammals.