This study was conducted to explore the characteristics of dance as a form of collective memory to examine the contents of experience in dance literacy based on contemporary knowledge systems referred to as cultural historization and it presented contents of dance literacy education along with practical methods (accessibility), in that order. This signifies an exploration into the educational functions of dance literacy based on relationships between collective memory and cultural literacy. Contents researched within this context can be presented as follows.
Dance exists as an agent that remembers (records) and reproduces society of its time period using collective memory and one such method of acting out memories is dance literacy.
In dance literacy education, cultural forms (cultural memory) serve as contents of experience and material (data) and relationships between the recording methods and preservation methods of such experience data and memories that exist as an archival material become learning (experience) elements of dance literacy.
Dance literacy is learned as the cognitive functions of imagination (sympathy) and expression (empathy) and contributes to expanding empathy and thinking that reads thoughts and feelings.
For this, collective memory such as images (paintings, photographs, visual images, etc.), places (monuments, structures, memorial halls, museums), and practices (ceremonies, festivals, etc.) present experience data imprinted in the form of culture for the discovery of the spirit of the times and values of dance created through collective ideologies (folk culture, approaches made as culture) and individual reasoning systems (approaches made as art), and possibilities of imagination and inferences must be left open and experiences of dance literacy must guarantee approaches that become intellectualized.
Dance literacy as records and memories usher in a sense of emotional belonging that one is within the context of a larger community in historical and cultural orbits based on various experience data. Because of this, it associates with the cultures of societies of various time periods through experiences that express abstract concepts (archival material, festivals, and ceremonies, etc.) as forms of the heart (imagination).
Dance literacy in contemporary dance education guides semantic-oriented lives that are believed to contribute to greater communities and thus dance gains the function of world literacy as a communication system that connects dance and society.


On the website accompanying the BBC Wales 5-part series 'What's in a Name? / Beth sy' mewn Enw?' (2-language version).


Floristic cmposition and soil properties were analyzed in chines cork oak(quercus variabilis)cmmunities in the limestone area, tanyang, ch'ungbuk province in korea. The tree layer was composed of quercus dentata, platycarya strobilacea, fraxinus rhynchophylla and others as wel as quercus variabilis. the shrub layer was dominated by ulmus davidiana for. suberosa,shrubby q. variabilis. euonymus alatus and rhus chinensis. among these, u. davidiana for. suberosa was known to have a restricted distribution to calcareous area, and 9 species in the shrub layer including e. alatus, indigofera kirilowii and rhamnus davurica belonged to the calcicole. The herb layer was dominated by carex lanceolata and spodiopogen cotulifer. ten specirs including g. lanceolata, clematis mandshurica, isachne globosa, lithospermum arvense and scabiosa mansenensis belonged to the calcicode. soil texture was classified to clay loam in both top and subsoil. Water cotent and organic matter were consistentl higher in top soil than in subsoil. soil ph rangd 7.8~8.4. Total n concentration in top soil ranged from 0.2 to 0.4mg/g, which was higher than that in subsoil. Available p and exchangeable k concentretion were also significantly higher in op soil than in subsoil. However, exchangeable ca concentration was similar betweenthe top and the subsoil. Unlike the other nutrients, exchangeable mg concentration in top soil was lower than that in subsoil. orangic matter, n, p and k content in this chinese cork oak stand showed as much as the other noncalcareous sites. Soil properties in this study area seemed to have been influenced by casts forming activities of earthworms.


Laser oscillation was easily achieved in all hand polished rhodamine 6G, DCM and rhodamine 6G + DCM doped titania containing ormosil xerogels. Two kinds of xerogels prepared by sol-gel method were used as dye hosts. Their optical properties and microstructural characteristics were reported. Slope efficiency, photostability, tunable bandwidth and surface damage threshold of these dye lasers were examined. The effect of dye concentration and dye-matrix combination on the fluorescent emission, slope efficiency, photostability and tunable bandwidth was discussed. Laser efficiency of 13% and photostability of 5400 pulses at 4 J/cm2, 1 Hz repetition was obtained in 2 X 10-4 rhodamine 6G doped dye laser.


Purpose: ICRP report 103 updated tissue weighting factors for effective dose (ED) calculation. To determine the effective dose from CT scans, DLP‐to‐ ED conversion factors are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine such conversion factors for 7 models of scanners available in our practice. Methods: We used the IMPACT CT Patient dosimetry calculator to determine the DLP‐to‐ED conversion factors for brain, chest, abdomen‐ pelvis (abd/p) and chest‐abdomen‐pelvis (CAP) CT scans. A radiologist identified the beginning and end locations of each scan. The study included two 64‐slice scanners(GE LightSpeed VCT, Siemends Somatom Definition), two 16‐slice scanners(GE LightSpeed 16 and Toshiba Aquillion), two 4‐slice scanners(GE HiSpeed QX/I, Toshiba Asteion) and one two‐slice scanner(GE Nx/I 2). 120 kVp was used for all calculations with maximum collimation for each scanner, ranging from 20–40 mm. We calculated the DLP‐to‐ED factors for each scanner in addition to their average and standard deviation. For the sake comparison, we determined conversion factors based on ICRP 103 and ICRP 60. Results: In units of uSv/mGy cm, the average conversion factors for brain, chest, abd/p and CAP were 2.60, 19.9, 16.3 and 17.8, respectively. Their standard deviations were 0.15, 0.93, 1.14 and 0.90, respectively. The maximum deviations from the mean ranged from 10% to 12 % and were exhibited mostly by 2‐ and 4‐ slice scanners. The ratio of conversion factors based on ICRP 103 to those based on ICRP 60 ranged from 0.91 to 1.22. Conclusions: DLP‐to‐E conversion factors for brain, chest, abd/p and CAP scans were determined for several CTscanners based on ICRP 103. The conversion factors for each scanner or their overall average can be used to determine the effective dose.


The article examines the soteriology of the instantaneous and gradual path of salvation represented by the schools of Chinese Buddhism, their unity and consistency is shown in the context of the philosophical concept of these schools based on the ideas of Prajnaparamita texts, as well as the texts of the Lotus Sutra, Nirvana Sutra and Avatamsaka Sutra. Classification of schools reflecting this unity and consistency is given.


Recently, we encountered two cases of carotid cavernous fistula with the unusual complication of brainstem edema. Both patients had direct-type carotid cavernous fistulas, which occurred after head injury


Various factors explaining the rise of road freight, which is put in the context of a mass consumption society, are presented in this paper. A new kind of cargo arose with the mass consumption society: manufactured goods which are delivered as packaged goods. The limits of railway logistics in Germany to handle the increasing stream of packaged goods are explained with six considerations, as follows: two can be understood as being strategic - the price system and the marshalling yards as infrastructure; and four are concerned with logistic processes and show the slow and complex operations. How these limits gave rise to road freight logistics is the focus of this paper.


Pax I'roquoia ll that lies behind the enormous expenditures by the Iroquois of time, energy, and lives in war? How do we reconcile the brutal torture and euslavemeut of captives by these people with their alleged policy of cultivating peace? Denuis does attempt to explain all of this, and more, by applyiug the methods of what he coins 'Cubist history' (4). Insofar as I can determine, this 'depiction of various points of view, or perspectives, si•nultaneously on one cauvas' (4), involves, iu no particular order, placing an inordinate reliance on a relatively few, and some flawed, secondary sources (see, for example, Merwick's 1990 Possessing Albany); ignoring the corpus of newly translated and published seventeenth-century Dutch-language sources and accessible French-language documents; disregarding those sources that run counter to one's preconceptions; permitting narrative to go beyond the reasonable limits of its historical sources; and using anachronisms to prove a poiut. Although Dennis concludes that the goals of the Great League of Peace were ultimately unattainable, it was only because the Iroquois were victi•ns of the 'deforming effects of European colonialism' (69). He loses sight of the self-generated, varied, and changing interests, motives, and initiatives of Iroquois people. In the end, Dennis plainly fails to produce a reasouable reconstruction of what really happened in Iroquoia. And in his appraisal of Iroquois actions with respect o other Indians and Europeans, he also fails to heed the simple lessons of that time-woru Iroquois •naxim: 'Trade & Peace we take to be one thing' (Wraxall, An Abridgment of the b•.dian Affairs, 1915, 195). WILLIAM A. STARNA State University of New York, College at Oneonta


Metallogeny related to granites is specialized to some magma and behavior of ore forming elements in granitic magmas is controlled by magmatic sources,oxidation status,crystallization fractionation and content of volatile components. On other hand,the geochemical characteristic and components of granitie inherit the source of granitic magma and reflect its forming tectonic settings,they can be taken as signs of mineralized granite.


The tympanic membranes of 14 deceased, with no record of ear disease in their medical files, were investigated with respect to the presence of mast cells. The Shrapnell membrane (pars flaccida) had a rich content of mast cells, whereas the pars tensa had none except for a few located close to blood vessels along the handle of the malleus. The volume density of the pars flaccida mast cells was calculated as 3.9% and the number of mast cells/mm2 as 299 +/- 35 (mean +/- SE; n = 14). The possible role of these mast cells under both healthy and diseased middle ear conditions is discussed.


The main purpose of the study is to verify the hypothesis on the occurrence of a long-term relationship between the average prices of 1m2 UFA (i.e. Usable Floor Area) and the construction costs of residential real estate per 1m2 for selected 5 cities of Eastern Poland (Białystok, Kielce, Lublin, Olsztyn & Rzeszów). The panel model for cointegrated variables and panel cointegration tests are the tools of the analysis. On the basis of the econometric model constructed, the long-term elasticity coefficient, which shows how average prices of flats change (i.e. the price of 1m2 UFA) in selected cities of Eastern Poland as a result of changes in their production costs, was estimated.


This list is derived in large part from review of the pesticide/pest combinations for which efficacy (product performance) data are submitted and reviewed before registration. Pests that spread disease include cockroaches, lice, mosquitoes, and rodents.


This article explores the comprehensible input hypothesis, which proposes that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language that they can understand but that is also slightly beyond their current level of comprehension. The authors provide an overview of the theory including the role of hypothesis and interaction in language learning. The article goes on to offer practical advice on how to implement the theory in classroom language teaching, including the use of authentic materials and interactive exercises. The authors emphasize the importance of creating a student-centered classroom atmosphere that encourages communication and interaction in the target language. This includes providing students with opportunities to work with authentic materials and practice speaking through meaningful tasks. The authors also emphasize the importance of support, which involves providing students with guidance as they work on understanding and producing language. This may include providing definitions, examples and explanations of new vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as feedback. The article discusses the role of the teacher in facilitating language acquisition through the use of materials adapted to the level of proficiency. This involves the use of a range of teaching strategies, including task-based learning, form-based learning, and error correction. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of continuously analyzing and evaluating students' progress to ensure that they are receiving the appropriate level of assistance and support.


Six strategies are outlined for incorporating sustainability or green concepts into curriculum and assessment. The first is to create an organization-wide assessment rubric targeting a green outcome. The second strategy discusses development of a new green program. Next, a green program outcome can be added to an existing program. Strategy four is to create a course to augment an existing program or use as a stand-alone offering. The next strategy is to analyze course level competencies and build learning modules for green competencies. Finally, performance standards for competency assessment can be modified to incorporate sustainability into courses. Sample processes are listed along with curriculum examples.


Internal migration refers to the situation in which people prefer to live in another city of the country because of the social, cultural and economic problems in the city they live. Internal migration leads to imbalances in population distribution, irregular urbanization, unemployment in urban area, inadequate housing, low paid jobs, and limited access to social services such as health and education facilities. Owing to this situation, this article analyzed the socio-economic factors affecting internal migration in Somalia using logistic regression. This study used secondary data from a cross-sectional population estimation survey conducted in 2014 on internal migrant households who migrated within Somalia in the last ten years at the time of the survey. The study found that rural resident households were more likely to migrate than urban resident households. Household heads, who have no education background, were significantly more likely to migrate than educated headed households, and unemployed headed households were more likely to migrate than employed. Sex and land ownership were found not significantly associated with internal migration. Therefore, developed based interventions are important to improve the socioeconomic status of the household and are needed to reduce the incidence or prevalence of internal migration.


Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS)-based methods are widely used in signal processing and machine learning applications. Yet, they suffer from a parameter selection issue: selecting the RKHS in which to operate (or even the kernel parameter) is often a significant challenge. Moreover, since the RKHS determines properties such as shape and smoothness of the learned function, its choice affects the effectiveness of these techniques. Likewise, due to the homogeneous smoothness of functions promoted by these solutions, they are poor estimators for functions with varying degrees of smoothness. To overcome these limitations, we propose to locally adapt the RKHS (more specifically, its smoothness parameter) over which we seek to perform function estimation by using a sparse functional program. Under this formulation, we must solve an infinite dimensional, non-convex optimization problem. This problem, however, has zero duality gap and can therefore be solved exactly and efficiently in the dual domain using, for instance, gradient ascent techniques.


We show that there is a non-trivial differential $d_4(h_6^3) =h_0^3g_4$ in the mod 2 Adams spectral sequence for spheres. This together with the results in \cite{barratt_differentials_1970,lin_differential_1998,kan_differential_2001} completely settle the differentials of $h_i^3$ for $i\ge4$. (The differentials of $h_i^3$ for $i=0,1,2,3$ are well-known.) Our proof uses the Kevaire invariant elements $\theta_i \in\pi_{2^{i+1}-2}^S$ for $i=4,5$ with the properties $2\theta_4 =0$, $2\theta_5 =0$.


ion laye r, which could work with P o s t g r e S Q L , O ra cl e, M S S Q L and the like ) , a n d P H P was used for the scri p t s : this is the only layer which could not be replaced easily. The my C o l e x s o f t wa re has many ancestors , and it evo l ved in the usual way of a datab a s e a p p l i c a t i o n . It began with a desktop database (M S A c c e s s) , which gradually grew to a C l i e n t S e rver application developed with M i c ro s o f t Visual Studio. Each step meant a redesign of the application. On a programming level there was almost no reuse of existing c o d e, but many concepts we re further re f i n e d .This invo l ved a significant amount of wo r k , but also provided a chance to clean up the application arc h i t e c t u re as a whole. Much wo r k was needed to integrate the (somewhat outdated) Office 97 for printing output, which wa s managed with a template system.The moral of the story is that if openness is desirable it m ay be wo rth looking at all of the components, deciding what could be done better with OSS than with pro p ri e t a ry softwa re, and replacing these components indiv i d u a l l y. T h e re are many OSS re s o u rc e s which we re reused for my C o l e x's d eve l o p m e n t : Fa s t Te m p l a t e as a template system, Isaac McGowa n 's p h p E ve n t C a l e n d a r,Geir Landrö's d Tr e e for the tre e v i ew, and Mihai B a z o n 's DHTML Calendar.1 0 7 M a ny hints and re f e rences in the user groups and websites we re of gre a t help and the documentation used (for instance Stefan Münz's S e l f H T M L, and the Help Files of the P H P Documentation Gro u p )1 0 8 was usually of outstanding quality. D u ring the system development a steady flow of information and assistance came through C I D O C, the I n t e rnational Council of Museums ( I C O M ) , the documentation group V M S A M S, and other working gro u p s . The decision to make my C o l e x Open Source was based on Büre r 's previous experi e n c e s with pro p ri e t a ry development models, and was made for conceptual reasons rather than on technical or financial re a s o n s : with re g a rd to long-term arc h iving issues, openness wa s seen as a key attri bu t e. H oweve r, other benefits have arisen from the technical and financial side as we l l .The stability and open development of OSS concepts, the use of open s t a n d a rds and pro t o c o l s , and the independence from ve n d o rs are cited as three major re asons why arc h ive applications may benefit from the move to Open Sourc e. When asked about the preconceptions that sometimes accompany Open Sourc e, B ü re r is fort h ri g h t :" People with an IT background usually feel sympathy for OSS; most other people don't care."The best arguments for going with an Open Source solution are the l o n g t e rm arc h iving question and the issue of independence from specific, p ro p ri e t a ry syst e m s . ( For cultural institutions financial considerations may be high on the agenda as we l l . ) But OSS is far from being a brand label (and it is arguable whether it should be), and the business opportunities are as well developed as with commercial licensed softwa re. The next major ve rsion of my C o l e x is due to be released in late 2004, and will see a Open Source Software and Standards


This study examines the determinants of employee contributions to 401(k) plans from the perspective of corporate policy and employer matching. Based on a sample of 756 401(k) plans from 2000 through 2004, we identify several significantly positive factors related to employees' contribution decisions. These factors include the presence of an employer match, especially matching by cash, the firm's growth opportunity, corporate dividend payment, stock return performance, and employees' autonomy to change their investment arbitrarily.


Conservation of drug-producing plant genetic resources in an active germplasm bank. In August 1983 a project began at the National Genetic Resources Center (CENARGEN) in Brasilia, Brazil , to establish an Active Germplasm Banl of drug-producing plants. This Bank seeks the permanent conservation of important species as well as basic research on biological aspects related to plant improvement. A living plant collection at presen occupies an area of 6,000m2 , which will be expanded as needed, and now contains over 200 accessions. The species being conserved are those used as home remedies by the population of the Distrito Federal, and it will also conserve 10-20 of th most important species of each of the five geographical regions of Brazil, as well as ca. 20 species introduced from other countries. The field collection is being studied to provide basic information and material for distribution to research centers specializing in pharmacological, agronomic and other related research. Information being collected includes reproductive biology an seed technology. Standard germplas, routines for documentation, registration, cleaning, quarantining an packaging of seeds are being used. It is expected that this Active Germplasm Banl will becomen a model for others that must be created elsewhere in Brazil so that the disappearance of important drug-producing plant species can be avoided.


Abstract. Humans play a large role in the hydrological system, e.g.
by extracting large amounts of water for irrigation, often resulting in
water stress and ecosystem degradation. By implementing large-scale
adaptation measures, such as the construction of irrigation reservoirs,
water stress and ecosystem degradation can be reduced. Yet we know that many
decisions, such as the adoption of more effective irrigation techniques or
changing crop types, are made at the farm level by a heterogeneous farmer
population. While these decisions are usually advantageous for an individual
farmer or their community, aggregate effects of those decisions can have
large effects downstream. Similarly, decisions made by other stakeholders,
such as governments, often have basin-wide effects and affect each farmer
differently. To fully comprehend how the human–natural water system evolves
over time and space and to explore which interventions are suitable to
reduce water stress, it is important to consider human behaviour and
feedbacks to the hydrological system simultaneously at the local household
and large basin scales. Therefore, we present the Geographical,
Environmental, and Behavioural (GEB) model, a coupled agent-based
hydrological model that simulates the behaviour and daily bidirectional
interaction of more than 10 million individual farm households with the
hydrological system on a personal laptop. Farmers exhibit autonomous
heterogeneous behaviour based on their characteristics, assets, environment,
management policies, and social network. Examples of behaviour are
irrigation, generation of income from selling crops, and investment in
adaptation measures. Meanwhile, reservoir operators manage the amount of
water available for irrigation and river discharge. All actions can be taken
at a daily time step and influence the hydrological system directly or
indirectly. GEB is dynamically linked with the spatially distributed
grid-based hydrological model CWatM at 30′′ resolution (< 1 km at the
Equator). Because many smallholder farm fields are much smaller than
1 × 1 km, CWatM was specifically adapted to implement dynamically
sized hydrological response units (HRUs) at the farm level, providing each
agent with an independently operated hydrological environment. While the
model could be applied anywhere globally at both large and small scales, we
explore its implementation in the heavily managed Krishna basin in India,
which encompasses ∼ 8 % of India's land area and
∼ 12.1 million farmers.


Both a theoretical and an empirical model were developed for predicting the formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) during drinking water biofiltration. Four pilot-scale biofilters with ceramsite as the medium were fed with different acetate loadings for the determination of SMP formation. Using numerically simulated and measured parameters, the theoretical model was developed according to the substrate and biomass balance. The results of this model matched the measured data better for higher SMP formation but did not fit well when SMP formation was lower. In order to better simulate the reality and overcome the difficulties of measuring the kinetic parameters, a simpler empirical model was also developed. In this model, SMP formation was expressed as a function of fed organic loadings and the depth of the medium, and a much better fit was obtained.


The aqueous lithium-air battery has been receiving considerable research attention owing to its high theoretical energy density. This property is important from the perspective of enabling electric vehicles to rival the performance of gasoline-powered vehicles. However, high-power discharge has not yet been achieved. Because ion transport phenomena in the battery determine its current density, molecular interpretation of the electrolyte is required to improve battery performance. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation of LiCl electrolyte in a high-electric field was performed to elucidate the behavior of ions and molecules in the electrical double layer near the electrode. The results showed that the H2O molecules were clearly oriented by the electric field, and Cl and Li formed ion-pairs or ion-clusters in the electrolyte. Those structures more easily formed under higher electric field conditions. It is considered that hydrated ion structures were difficult to form with the oriented H2O molecules. In contrast, the highly mobile ions produced by the electric field were more likely to bond with each other. The effect of the electric field on diffusion phenomena was also investigated. Fast migration of independent ions (Cl and Li) was caused by electrophoresis. Ion-pairs and ion-clusters were not forced to migrate because the net electric charge of the structures was zero. Our results show that a small number of independent ions play a key role in the passage of electric current through the electrolyte.


The Water shortage around the world and particularly in third world countries has opened new avenues for bottled water Industry. If we compare the growth and status of Indian Bottled Industry with western or Asian market, we are far behind in terms of quantum, infrastructure, professionalism & standards' implementation. Bottled water consumption has been steadily growing in the world for the past 30 years. It is the most dynamic sector of all the food and beverage industry: bottled water consumption in the world increases by an average 7% each year, in spite of its excessively high price compared to tap water and although industrialized countries consumers have, in principle, access to cheap good quality tap water. In India, the per capita bottled water consumption is still quite low – less than five litres a year as compared to the global average of 29 litres. In the present study, an attempt has been made to give a glimpse of the present day status of bottled water status of the nation.


Silver nanowires with diameters of about 100 nm and lengths up to several micrometres have been synthesised by a developed polyol process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on a large scale. Transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected areas electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction have been employed to characterise silver nanowires. The role of NaCl for the formation of silver nanowires has been discussed by taking into account the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) to consume silver ions and reduce the rate of nucleation.


The static stresses of airplane parts, the magnitude of which can be determined with the aid of static load assumptions, are mostly superposed by dynamic stresses, the magnitude of which has been but little explored. The object of the present investigation is to show how the strength of airplane parts can best be tested with respect to dynamic stresses with and without superposed static loading, and to what extent the dynamic strength of the parts depends on their structural design. Experimental apparatus and evaluation methods were developed and tried for the execution of vibration-strength tests with entire structural parts both with and without superposed static loading. Altogether ten metal spars and spar pieces and two wooden spars were subjected to vibration breaking tests.


The beam bunches extracted from the TRIUMF cyclotron are usually about 4 ns long, contain ∼4×107 protons, and are spaced at 43 ns. A wall current monitor capable of giving the charge distribution within a bunch, on a bunch by bunch basis, has recently been installed together with a sampling system for routine display in the control room. The wall current monitor is enclosed in a vacuum vessel and no ceramic spacer is required. This enhances the response to high frequencies; ferrite rings extend the low frequency response. Bench measurements show a flat response between a few hundred kilohertz and 4.6 GHz. For a permanent display in the control room the oscilloscope will be replaced by a Stanford Research Systems fast sampler module, a scanner module, and an interface module made at TRIUMF. The time to acquire one 10 ns distribution encompassing the beam bunch is 30 ms with a sample width of 100 ps and an average sample spacing of 13 ps. The scan, sample, and retrace signals are buffered and carried on 70 ...


Objective:Objective: To review the clinical efficacy and safety of Qiming granule for diabetic retinophathy and to conduct an initial economic evaluation. Methods: Methods: Clinical studies of Qiming granule for diabetic retinophathy in CNKI were retrieved. Statistical analysis of clinical efficacy and safety data was performed in meta-analyses. Following meta-analysis, an initial cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. Results:Results: Seven studies were included in meta-analysis. The clinical response rates defined by eyesight, fundus examination and TCM syndromes were significantly higher in Qiming group than calcium dobesilate group. Adverse events were rarely reported in the literature. The reported adverse events were fewer in Qiming group. Based on the assumption that other costs were same for the two groups, we compared the drug costs in three months, and simulated an initial economic evaluation. The ICERs of Qiming granule compared with calcium dobesilate was between 372.7 to 679.9 RMB per patient achieving response. Conclusion:Conclusion: The results in published clinical studies showed that the clinical efficacy of Qiming granule was superior to calcium dobesilate and the safety performance may be better. In the short time simulated economic evaluation, Qiming granule was cost-effective in comparison with calcium dobesilate. However, this result needs to be confirmed in more scientifically designed studies in the future.


The utility model discloses a vibrating conveyor rocker arm with a protection function. The vibrating conveyor rocker arm comprises a body (5), a base A (2) and a hollow tubular aluminum core (4), wherein an opening (11) is formed in the body (5), the aluminum core (4) is arranged in the opening (11), and rubber sticks (3) are arranged in gaps of the opening (11). The vibrating conveyor rocker arm is characterized in that a fixing device is arranged and comprises a base B (7), a connecting rod (6) and a gland (10). Compared with the prior art, the vibrating conveyor rocker arm has the advantages of being convenient to maintain, capable of preventing rocker arm falling caused by rubber stick aging, and the like.


An acute episode of malaria usually precipitates anemia ofavaryingseveritywhich,inextremecases,canbefatal.Thispost-malarial anemia has the characteristics of iron deficiency anemia(IDA).Itresultslargelyfromaredistributionofironbecausethereis minimal iron excretion after the lysis of infected (and unin-fected) red cells caused by malaria. Instead, the potentially toxichemoglobinreleasedwhentheerythrocyte rupturesiscomplexedto haptoglobin and hemopexin. The haptoglobin-hemoglobincomplex is recognized by specific receptors on circulating mac-rophages (CD163) and internalized. The iron-loaded macro-phages migrate to the reticuloendothelial system where theycan lodge for long periods of time. The hemopexin-heme com-plex undergoes receptor-mediated uptake by liver cells whereagain the iron can persist for a long time.Theseprocessesalsoplayamajorroleintheanemiaofchronicdiseaseandarepartofanintegratedacute-phaseresponsethathasevolved—itisassumed—tomaintainbodyironandyettopreventiron-catalyzed free-radical damage and to sequester it safely be-yond the reach of (most) potentially pathogenic bacteria. Bacter-emic septicemias are commonly precipitated by malaria (eg,reference 1) and may be a major cause of mortality. Of all theessential micronutrients, iron appears to be by far the mostcritical mediator of this battle between the human host and itspathogens and hence must be very carefully chaperoned andstored (2).Malaria is a strongly inflammatory disease, and while the in-flammationpersiststherecyclingofsequesteredironfromtheliverandmacrophagesremainsblocked(3).Intheimmediateaftermathof acute malaria it is this redistribution of body iron that is centralto the iron-limited suppression of erythropoiesis because, undernormal circumstances, '95% of the iron supply to the erythroncomes from recycled iron and only 5% from recent absorptionfrom the diet (4). In malaria, and during early convalescence, theerythropoeitic drive usually remains high (signaled by raised er-ythropoeitin), but erythropoiesis is often, although not always,impaired [signaled by low soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR)and reticulocyte levels]. In the absence of a sufficient iron supply,there is microcytosis and an increase in the proportion of porphy-rin moieties in which zinc is substituted for iron, thus creatingelevated concentrations of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). RaisedZnPP is normally interpreted as indicating iron deficiency; it isconsidered to be independent of confounding affects of inflam-mation, but in actuality reflects functional iron supply to theerythron, a subtle but important difference. Intriguingly, ZnPPmay have additional antimalarial effects (5).Afurthermechanismtodepletethesystemiccirculationofironisbyblockingintestinalabsorption.Thiscontributestothelonger-term anemia common in malaria-endemic areas, especially be-cause diets in these regions tend to contain low amounts of iron,very low amounts of heme-iron, and high amounts of phytatesand polyphenols.TracerstudiesusingFe


Emerging evidence has associated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with static functional connectivity abnormalities between multiple brain regions. However, the temporal dynamics of intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in ASD. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed for 105 ASD and 102 demographically matched typically developing control (TC) children (age range: 7–12 years) available from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral functional connectivity, and sliding‐window analysis was utilized to capture the intra‐ and interhemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD) patterns. The temporal variability of the functional connectivity dynamics was further quantified using the standard deviation (SD) of intra‐ and interhemispheric dFCD across time. Finally, a support vector regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between abnormal dFCD variance and autism symptom severity. Both intra‐ and interhemispheric comparisons showed increased dFCD variability in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and decreased variability in the fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus in autistic children compared with TC children. Autistic children additionally showed lower intrahemispheric dFCD variability in sensorimotor regions including the precentral/postcentral gyrus. Moreover, aberrant temporal variability of the contralateral dFCD predicted the severity of social communication impairments in autistic children. These findings demonstrate altered temporal dynamics of the intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity in brain regions incorporating social brain network of ASD, and highlight the potential role of abnormal interhemispheric communication dynamics in neural substrates underlying impaired social processing in ASD.


Thank you for reading the dethronement of gold towards a new image of currencies. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this the dethronement of gold towards a new image of currencies, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


The ratio A for left ventricular and right ventricular enddiastolic-endsystolic count differences was used for quantitative evaluation of aortic and mitral valve regurgitation. The mean value of A for patients without valvular insufficiencies was determined (Am = 1.43 +/- 0.27).23 (96%) of 24 patients with aortic or mitral valve regurgitation showed significantly increased A values (A greater than 2). The numerical value was used for classification of the degree of insufficiency and for comparison with angiography. The correlation between A and the average angiographic degree of insufficiency was 0.79.


Dextromethorphan (DEM)-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade may result from an action of unchanged DEM or its active metabolite, dextrorphan (DOR). In humans, DEM is metabolized into DOR by the polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6. We therefore investigated the impact of quinidine (Qd), a selective inhibitor of CYP2D6, on DEM disposition and the contribution of CYP2D6 phenotype on DEM antinociceptive and neuromodulatory effects. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled design, healthy volunteers (n = 7) received Qd (50 mg Qd sulfate orally) or a placebo and, 12 h later, either DEM (50 mg DEM hydrobromide orally) or a placebo. DEM and DOR pharmacodynamics were assessed for their antinociceptive and neuromodulatory effects. Antinociceptive effects were assessed over 4 h by subjective pain threshold and RIII nociceptive reflex (RIII) monitoring. Neuromodulatory effects were studied using the primary and secondary hyperalgesia induced by the topical application of capsaicin. Two of seven subjects were genotypic CYP2D6 PM. Pretreatment of EM by Qd suppressed DOR formation and increased the plasma level [...] DESMEULES, Jules Alexandre, et al. Contribution of cytochrome P-4502D6 phenotype to the neuromodulatory effects of dextromethorphan. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1999, vol. 288, no. 2, p. 607-612


The present invention provides mounting structure having an opening (75) and (7), the attachment element to be inserted into the opening (75) for attachment to the mounting structure (7) (1), the attachment element (1 ) relates to an attachment device comprising a locking element (2) of the attachment element for locking the mounting structure (7) (1), the locking element (2) is in the insertion direction as part of the attachment element (1) is inserted into the opening of the along the mounting structure (7) (75) to a final position, engages the rear side of the opening (75) in the final position, disengaged from the opening of the attachment element (1) (75) prevents, together thereby locking the attachment element (1) to the mounting structure (7), said locking element when inserting the attachment element through opening (75) (1), opening of the opening (75) edge (751) into at least first and second portions are continuously arranged (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b) comprises a, thereby the operation of the opening edge (751) of the opening (75), the attachment granted element (1) to the restoring force of the insertion direction opposite directions, the first and second portions (21a, 21b, 22a, 22 b) is a restoring force in the attachment element (1), a first portion ( 21a, 21b) than when it is inserted through the opening (75), a second portion (22a, 22 b) is configured so it is larger when it is inserted through the opening. .FIELD 1B


Archives information construction restricted by many factor,some information construction has developed quickly,and some informatization construction in start-up stage,archives information construction exist unbalanced development,informationization level not higher status.Through the analysis of the present situation of causes,can able to define through university archives of informatization construction structure,promote the construction of the informatization college archives.


Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient source of illumination for displays and backlights, providing extended lifespan, wide color gamut, and excellent dimming capability. The use of pulse-width modulation (PWM) for dimming makes LEDs susceptible to overcurrent, which can shorten the lifespan of the devices. This paper proposes a novel technique to suppress overcurrent in LEDs operating in PWM dimming mode. The proposed LED driver IC was designed in accordance with the TSMC 0.25-μm 60-V BCD fabrication process, and experimental as well as simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.


Objective To investigate the cause of chronic pancreatitis misdiagnosed as acute traumatic rupture of the pancreas causes and how to Forensic Science.Methods Evidence-based medicine way of thinking comprehensive was reviewed and analyzed.Results Traumatic rupture of pancreas in patients with the diagnosis and the clinical signs of recovery after injury,inconsistent,CT imaging review the results suggested that the main pancreatic duct stiffness and expansion of existing out of shape,with the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the pancreas does not match.Conclusion The external force may be the incentive for acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis,one of the reasons for non-direct,causal relationship exists between the two should not be assessed damage.


We propose a new scheme of multiple descriptions in the Wyner-Ziv setting (MD-WZ). The two side decoders of MD-WZ use two different side information (SI) streams. Both SI streams are available to the central decoder, but none to the encoder. We derive an achievable region (inner bound) for this MD-WZ system for general source and SI. If the source and SI are correlated Gaussian and for quadratic distortion metric, the tight bound is obtained. Our result is an extension of Ozarow's result on multiple descriptions of Gaussian source without SI. The MD-WZ coding scheme is shown to have a property of practical significance. For symmetric case where the joint distributions of the source and the two SI are the same and the two channels are balanced, interchanging the two channels causes no performance loss for Gaussian source. Considering that the existing multi-description video coding methods suffer from the notorious drifting problem induced by channels interchange, this work lends a theoretical support to distributed multi-description video coding in the Wyner-Ziv setting


2-Methyleneaziridines can be transformed into a variety of 1,3,4,4-tetrasubstituted beta-lactams in moderate to good yields (46-63%) via a "one-pot" process that brings together four components with the formation of three new intermolecular carbon-carbon bonds.


With the Walis project aims in mind, i.e. standardising model-independent approaches for determining sea-level index points: what exactly is the RSL indicator here? Is it a marine terrace, a coral terrace, a shoreline angle? Ok, the angle is a clear concept and easy to identify in the field (unless it is covered by slope deposits as depicted in Fig. 3 ) but how is the spatial relationship defined between the fossil dated, the terrace surface and the shoreline angle? In Fig. 3 a "simple" and a "complex" case of a marine terrace is depicted and the terrace deposit is composed of pebbles and (transported?) molluscs fossils. The complex case would be the one where an additional terrace forms above the lower one, hence the subsiding coast is the complex example. What about uplifting coasts and reef platforms? None of the U-series dated corals was in primary growth position suggesting that the sample was collected from the subtidal reef slope or interior platform. Fig. 6 illustrates the method approach using photos from the LACMIP locality – how does this approach relate to WALIS? How do pholads allow to estimate max shoreline angle elevation? I do not find the terms 'bench' and 'pholads' in Rovere et al.


The invention discloses a sand-line iron mould casting process for grey cast iron flywheel housings of diesel engines. In the invention, upper and lower sand-line iron mould processes are used, so that produced grey cast iron flywheel housing blanks have favorable geometric size precision which can be up to CT8 grade, favorable surface roughness which can be up to 12.5 microns and favorable mechanical properties, the blank processing has small allowance which can be controlled in 3mm, small flashing distortion which can be controlled in 0.5mm and small cleaning workload, so that the labor environment is improved, the environmental protection is improved, the yield is high and can be up to 95%, and the national policies of energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development are met.


With carbon monoxide and methane as the research object,a design based on virtual instrument of harmful gas alarming device is introduced.Through the sensor MQ-7 and MQ-5 the device will convert gas concentration by ADC0809 into analog voltage values transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer.After the information are analyzed and converted,the measured data of the system was sent to computer through the serial port to the user for their observation and analysis.The system can be used to monitor environment harmful gas concentration.Through Labview data display,network data transmission and alarm,the system can better solve the problem of the accuracy of data acquisition and transmission for a long distance.


To develop DNA markers for analysis of genetic characteristics of Phytophthora capsici population, randomly selected clones from HindIII-digested genomic DNA library of P. capsici 95CY3119 were surveyed by hybridizing to Southern blots of HindIII-digested total genomic DNA of P. capsici. Probe DNAs inserted into selected individual clones strongly hybridized with HindIII digests of P. capsici. Among probes examined, PC9 revealed the repetitive and highly polymorphic bands to HindIII digests of inter-and intra-field P. capsici isolates. Genetic diversity of individual isolates was also clearly revealed in cluster analysis based on its band patterns. The other probe, PC22, was hybridized only to DNA from P. capsici and this was highly repetitive. However, there was no response to other Phytophthora species and Pythium sp. These DNA probes could be used as very useful markers in analysing genetic diversity and identification for P. capsici population throughout the world.


This short article reports the prevalence and significance of incidental findings on head and neck studies done in young (18-35 years; mean: 21 years) healthy volunteers. Nearly 10% of brain studies and 37% of neck studies showed incidental findings. Of these, 4.4% in the brain and 5.5% in the neck were classified as needing referral, but there was only 1 skull lesion (fibrous dysplasia) that was actually referred. Although the prevalence of incidental findings was high, their clinical implications were negligible. SUMMARY: We determined the prevalence and clinical relevance of incidental brain and head and neck findings in young healthy volunteers with MR imaging. We retrospectively analyzed the MR images obtained from 203 healthy young adult volunteers (mean age, 21.9 years; range, 18–35 years). The prevalence of the categories of findings (no referral necessary, routine referral, urgent referral, and immediate referral) was scored by a head and neck radiologist or neuroradiologist. We found a high prevalence of incidental brain and head and neck abnormalities (9.4% and 36.7%, respectively); 4.4% of the brain findings and 5.5% of the head and neck findings were classified as in need of referral. Only 1 incidental finding classified as in need of referral (a skull lesion consistent with fibrous dysplasia) was actually referred at the time of the study (5.2%). These findings suggest that a high prevalence of incidental findings is common in healthy young volunteers, though the clinical implications are negligible.


In an educational process that causes the reproduction of social classes and culture, the disadvantaged segments of the society may not be able to benefit from the vertical class mobility function of education because they lack the cultural capital to strengthen their social positions. In such a case, it is important for individuals to contact teachers who will increase their cultural capital gains in their educational processes and can be role models for them. In this respect, the problem of this research, which aims to describe the mentioned potentials of teachers through their art tendencies, is the artistic consumption habits of teachers and the sociocultural backgrounds that are the source of this habit pattern. The target population of this study, which is a descriptive research designed in the survey model, consists of 733 teachers working in the province of Ankara, who work at all levels and types of schools and were determined by the convenience sampling technique. The data of the research were collected through the Teachers' Arts Consumption Habits Questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The research findings were interpreted on the basis of the teachers' family backgrounds and the type of university they studied at. In this context, the most general result revealed by the study is that the family backgrounds of the teachers and the type of university they studied differentiated the cultural capital they acquired and thus their preferences in the artistic activities they were interested in and participated in with the arts they performed. There are clear distinctions between teachers who state that they grew up in traditional families and those who say they grew up in contemporary families, especially in the preferred and practiced arts. This distinction also manifests itself in preferred music genres. It is possible to see a similar distinction in the relationship between the universities where they study and their artistic consumption preferences.


The invention is concerned with the integration disposal technics, it is: the food rubbish is the material, uses steam to process heat, remove oil, antisepsis, microbe solid - liquid zymolysis, distills oil separately, the solid component in rubbish transforms into biology active albumen feed by conduce animalcule multi-bacterium solid zymolysis, the liquid component transforms into liquid biology bacterium fertilizer by two times zymolysis. The invention can solve the problem of food rubbish, provide the lipid material, the biology feed and bacterium fertilizer for agriculture and industry.


In this communication, we discuss the characterization of DNA conjugate synthesized by mechanochemical polymerization, Con-M, on the separation of model oligo-DNA and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by affinity capillary electrophoresis, compared with that prepared by radical-initiated solution polymerization, Con-RL. The average molecular weight of Con-M was similar to that of Con-RL, although the molecular weight distribution of Con-M was narrower than that of Con-RL. Capillary electrophoresis of oligo-DNA was performed using the capillary filled with DNA conjugate. The resolution of the capillary filled with Con-M was apparently higher than with Con-RL. It is considered that higher resolution using the capillary filled with Con-M could be ascribed not only to the narrow molecular weight distribution but also to the difference of copolymer structure.


Analysts often provide forecasts of one-year ahead earnings, earnings two years ahead, as well as long-term earnings growth rates. In this paper, we assume that analysts make earnings forecasts consistent with abnormal earnings exhibiting linear information dynamics (LID) in Ohlson (1995). Under this assumption, each analysts' consensus earnings forecast is determined by three components: analysts' private/other information about future abnormal earnings (not in current abnormal earnings), the persistence in this private/other information, and the persistence in abnormal earnings. For firms with three contemporaneous multi-period earnings forecasts available, we develop a procedure to infer these three implied components from analysts' forecast for each individual firm year.

We begin by examining whether analysts' earnings forecasts exhibit LID. We find that LID is not an appropriate description of analysts' information processing for 22% of our firm-year observations. For the remaining 78%, the two symmetrical combinations of the (median) persistence in other information and abnormal earnings are (0.79, 0.36) and (0.36, 0.79). Demonstrating that the two symmetrical combinations of the persistence parameters lead to the same price estimate, we then calculate the predicted firm value (incorporating analysts' private information). Our results show that the predicted firm value is statistically associated with the observed market value. In addition, when abnormal earnings are expressed as an ARMA (2,1) process, the median persistence in current abnormal earnings into forecasted future abnormal earnings is 0.94 and the median persistence in lagged abnormal earnings into forecasted future abnormal earnings is 0.15. Lastly, we show that the association between return and the innovations in other information is statistically significant.


A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for simultaneous extraction of trace amounts of nickel, cobalt and copper followed by their determination with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. 300 µL of acetone and 1-undecanol was injected into an aqueous sample containing diethyldithiocarbamate complexes of metal ions. For a sample volume of 10 mL, enrichment factors of 277, 270 and 300 and detection limits of 1.2, 1.1 and 1 ng L−1 for nickel, cobalt and copper were obtained, respectively. The method was applied to the extraction and determination of these metals in different water samples.


Ss43(2) of the Companies Act, 1973 (current Act) provides for the registration of a name as a defensive name and for the renewal of the registration. Defensive names are advantageous in that they block the company and close corporation register and effectively prevent third parties from registering companies or close corporations with identical or confusingly similar names.


Summary form only given. The one dimensional quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model has been employed to investigate the linear and nonlinear propagation of dust ion acoustic waves in quantum plasma, comprising of electron, positron, ion and dust particles. The dispersion relation has been derived, and examined numerically.


Abstract: Quantitative analyses of the factors driving the distribution of bryophytes in the phyllosphere of tropical rain forests are rare. In this study we sampled epiphyllous bryophytes on two leaves of each of 57 individuals belonging to four phorophyte species (Asplundia pittieri, Carludovica drudei, Costus laevis and Dieffenbachia concinna) at three adjacent, but microclimatically varied sites in the Esquinas forest, Costa Rica. Microclimatic parameters and phorophyte identities were correlated to differences in cover, diversity and species composition of bryophyte assemblages by means of Kruskal–Wallis tests, non-metric multidimensional scaling and indicator species analysis. High relative humidity and in particular daily fluctuations in relative humidity proved to be the most important factors for epiphyll distribution suggesting severe constraints of epiphyll colonisation by pronounced humidity fluctuations. Differences in air temperature and light availability as well as phorophyte identity were only weakly correlated with bryophyte cover and diversity. However, species composition of epiphyllous assemblages was related to all microclimatic variables as well as to phorophyte identity. The strong response of epiphyllous bryophytes to even subtle microclimatic variations suggests that undisturbed forest canopies and their control on microclimate may be essential for the development of epiphyll communities.


Nutcracker syndrome refers to a series of clinical manifestation resulted from compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery,leading to left renal vein blood return obstruction.This paper describes the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,imaging,diagnosis and treatment of nutcracker syndrome,makes readers to have an overall and objective understanding of the research trends,diagnosis and treatment development,and thus be familiar with the disease to guide the clinical practice.


Clustering of microarray data has been and continues to be an effective tool for identifying the function of novel genes. The size of microarray experiments is currently limited to 10-30 arrays but researchers are likely to migrate towards larger array sizes. Increasing the number of arrays improves the feasibility of several more advanced statistical signal processing methods, which can be used to denoise the data prior to clustering or as a replacement for clustering. Several of these methods, i.e., PCA, SVD, FA, BSP, and ICA, are analyzed for their ability and potential to improve gene identification.


Tight relationships have always existed between man and tree species such as shea tree Butyrospermum paradoxum, in sudanian regions. Firstly due to hunting and the practice of fire, which have extended savannas to the detriment of forests on thick soils, secondly benefited from shifting cultivation, which has improved some tree species like the shea tree in fallowland, shea tree has developped through farming and domestic practices, leading to a real arboriculture. Yet fallowing is still today the only possible way of regenerating shea tree populations. Its parkland has effects in many ways: cropping systems, food, household and national economies, social functions. Today shea butter production and trade keep subject to fluctuating and failing commercial system. New farming systems based on mechanisation, peasant immigration and fallow limiting, leads to degraded parkland. The ancestral choice of shea tree by these rural societies, the importance of its material and cultural integration and the great capital of trees, oblige to take this tree and its problems (particularly trading and storage of shea nuts, trees destruction and fallow scarcity) into account in agricultural, socioeconomic and environment policies. Key-words : Butyrospermum paradoxum shea tree fallow sudanian Burkina Faso environmenthousehold economy women wooded parkland.


Visible Nulling Coronagraphy (VNC) is the proposed method of detecting and characterizing exo-solar Jovian planets (null depth $10^{-9}$) for the proposed NASA's Extrasolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph (EPIC) Clampin & Lyon 2004 and is an approach under evaluation for NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission. The VNC approach uses a single unobscured filled-aperture telescope and splits, via a 50:50 beamsplitter, its re-imaged pupil into two paths within a Mach-Zender interferometer. An achromatic PI phase shift is imposed onto one beam path and the two paths are laterally sheared with respect to each other. The two beams are recombined at a second 50:50 beamsplitter. The net effect is that the on axis (stellar) light is transmitted out of the bright interferometer arm while the off-axis (planetary) light is transmitted out of the nulled interferometer arm. The bright output is used for fine pointing control and coarse wavefront control. The nulled output is relayed to the science camera for science imagery and fine wavefront control. The actual transmission pattern, projected on the sky, follows a $\theta^2$ pattern for a single shear, $\theta^4$ for a double shear, with the spacing of the successive maxima proportional to the inverse of the relative lateral shear. Combinations of shears and spacecraft rolls build up the spatial frequency content of the sky transmission pattern in the same manner as imaging interferometer builds up the spatial frequency content of the image.


The measuring computer system (MCS) have been designed and created for noncontact nondestructive measurement of potential and charge surface distributions. Special potential "point" tests have been designed and created for determination of MCS space resolution and sensitivity. Experimental results of test potential distribution research are considered.


Abstract This study sought to disentangle distinctions of social norms that can be used to address residential overuse of irrigation water. Nuances of social norms pertaining to eliminating 1/3 of a household's irrigated landscape were examined by comparing generalized, expectancy-based, and value-expectancy beliefs with electronic survey data from 315 adults in Florida, USA. Spearman's correlations were used to evaluate relationships and ordinal regression was used to examine the predictive capacity of generalized, expectancy-based, and value-expectancy models. The generalized model fit best, with generalized descriptive norms as the more powerful predictor, implying descriptive norms should be used as a route to increase behavioral engagement. People working on water issues are encouraged to use social norms strategies to promote awareness of others' reduction of irrigated landscape to increase participation in water conservation. Findings revealed an important challenge in that generalized descriptive norms are specific to an individual's important persons rather than named referent groups.


Starting from the causes of equity division,this paper discusses the historical evolution of equity division and its characteristics in each stage,introduces the present situation of equity division,and commentates on the process and effects of equity division.


He moves on to the Second World War, and more than half of the book is devoted to how the navy used its now ingrained principles of rapid evolutionary change through feedback and discussion to transform itself into the force which won the war. He begins with the various Guadalcanal battles, and demonstrates how existing doctrines proved only partially successful in action and were quickly revised on the basis of experience. He challenges conventional views of the battles and explores how the existing doctrinal heuristics were tested with mixed results. However, the fact that the leaders of the navy were believers in feedback loops and interactive learning ensured that the USN quickly learnt the lessons of how to maximize the impact of the new technologies with which they were equipped. Much of this was embodied in the creation on board ship of Combat Information Centres. This revolution ary innovation was tested, imple mented and incorporated into officer training within months. Individual captains and even more so Task Force Commanders were simply over whelmed by data from TBS radio, radar and sighting reports and had insufficient time to process it properly to make informed decisions in the heat of battle. The new centres 'redistributed the cognitive workload'. There was also fresh thinking on the deployment of forces. Rather than having a centralized battlefleet, the Pacific Fleet began to operate as a network of task forces, swapping ships, task groups and even commanders within a shared common framework. Although Hone here studies the USN through the use of Complex Adaptive Systems, he emphasizes that the lessons are valid for other organizations and professions at periods of rapid technological evolution. This is not always an easy read, but is well written and argued, using examples ranging from Nelson's famous Trafalgar signal to the development of emojis in contemporary social media. It makes a strong case and deserves to have a wide audience. He concludes that far from being a hidebound thing, the USN was throughout the period a flexible and progressive learning organization where collaborative approaches and even ad hoc conferences in combat zones ensured that new technology was not only deployed quickly, but was tested, results swiftly analysed and the lessons learnt implemented rapidly throughout the fleet. derek g. law university of strathclyde http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2018.1518752 © Derek G. Law


Comparing with electric infrared radiator, gas-fired infrared radiator is not only by no means inferior in performance but is far more economical and will lower emission of pollutants. Taking it for example, the applications of gas-fired infrared radiator in drying process are illustrated in the paper.


Since the deployment of base stations (BS) is far from optimum in 3D space, i.e., the length of vertical baseline between BS is relatively smaller than that of plane baseline, the geometric dilution of precision of the altitude estimate is larger than that of plane location. This paper considers the problem of 3D range location and attempt to improve the altitude estimate. We firstly use a volume formula of tetrahedron to transform the range measurements to volume measurements, then a new pseudo-linear solution is proposed based on the linear relationship between the rectangular and volume coordinates. Theory analysis and numerical examples are included to show the improved accuracy of altitude estimate of mobile location. Finally, an improved estimate of 3D mobile location is given by solving a set of augmented linear equations.


We investigate the influence of lightning‐generated whistlers on the overall intensity of electromagnetic waves measured by the Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions spacecraft (2004–2010, quasi Sun‐synchronous polar orbit with an altitude of about 700 km) at frequencies below 18 kHz. Whistler occurrence rate evaluated using an onboard neural network designed for automated whistler detection is used to distinguish periods of high and low whistler occurrence rates. It is shown that especially during the night and particularly in the frequency‐geomagnetic latitude intervals with a low average wave intensity, contribution of lightning‐generated whistlers to the overall wave intensity is significant. At frequencies below 1 kHz, where all six electromagnetic wave components were measured during specific intervals, the study is accompanied by analysis of wave propagation directions. When we limit the analysis only to fractional‐hop whistlers, which propagate away from the Earth, we find a reasonable agreement with results obtained from the whole data set. This also confirms the validity of the whistler occurrence rate analysis at higher frequencies.


Technical and industrial constraints are continually changing, and so are engine requirements. Soon pedestrian impact will be another factor to take into consideration. All these factors are leading to major changes in the role of the front module and its functions.


In this article,the principle of AM(standard amplitude modulation)and 2FSK(binary frequency-shift keying)are first introduced.Then a technique of dual modulation combining AM and 2FSK is proposed for simultaneous audio and data wireless transmission.At the receiving terminal, an amplitude modulation receiver is used to demodulate the audio information in AM band.An MC3362 built in is used to demodulate the data information in FM band.This technique can realize two media communication simultaneously.


Thermoelectric properties of BiSbTe-based composites dispersed with a small amount (<1 vol%) of amorphous Si3N4 (a-Si3N4) nanoparticles (∼25 nm) were investigated in the temperature range from 303 K to 483 K. The results indicate that with a-Si3N4 content increasing, the thermopower (S) of the a-Si3N4/BiSbTe composites increases substantially at T < ∼370 K, due to the decreased carrier concentrations and the enhanced energy-dependent scattering of the carrier at the heterojunction potential. Simultaneously, a-Si3N4 nanodispersion causes ∼20–30% reduction in thermal conductivity (κ) owing to phonon scattering of nanoparticles as well as phase boundaries. As a result, high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) values of up to 1.20 (∼303 K) and 1.38 (∼383 K) are obtained in Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 incorporated with only 0.44 vol% a-Si3N4 nanoparticles, demonstrating that the thermoelectric performance of the BiSbTe alloy can be improved effectively through incorporation of a-Si3N4 nanoparticles.


Carried out researches with 28 high skilled gymnasts (15 – main group, 13 – control group) allowed to define the neurofeedback influence on functional condition of the sportswomen in competitive period. Neurofeedback course promotes improvement of rapidity of complex coordinating movements' memorization, vestibular stability and self-estimation of functional condition. Also it conducts to alpha-rhythm power increasing at left hemisphere. Neurofeedback course efficiency is defined by index of change of course average alpha-rhythm power with 100% prognostic accuracy.  Attention switching, attention stability and self-estimation of sleep and memory are predictors of neurofeedback course successfulness.


The paper refers to the problem of formation of domestic knowledge system concerning the notion of conflict aroused in the situation of social changes in 1980-1990-s in comparison with western tradition. The authors focus on the similarities and differences in domestic and western approach to the phenomenon of conflict and its interpretation in Russian and foreign conflict management studies. The authors come to the conclusion that domestic science demonstrates the tendency to admit the existence of deep historical and logical foundation of interrelation of social development and the theory of conflict. The authors prove the efficiency of methodological plurality and risoma-like images in conceptual studies of the conflict.


The investigation shows that power semiconductor devices are the most fragile components of power electronic systems.Improving the reliability of power devices is the basis of a reliable power electronic system, and in recent years, many studies have focused on power device reliability.This paper describes the current state of the art in reliability research for power semiconductor devices, mainly includes failure mechanisms,condition monitoring, lifetime evaluation and active thermal control.Among them,condition monitoring technology are classified and summarized by the failure mechanism and the change rules of characteristic quantities; The method of lifetime estimation isillustrated from the practical point of view;Methods of active thermal control are classified and summarized from the two ideas of reducing loss and loss compensation which are refined by the principle of realization. At last, this paper draws the existing problems and challenges of power devices reliability studies.


Selection of majors in high school is a complex problem experienced for high school students, because it must be in line with students' interests and talents; especially the selection of majors for high school students is the beginning of the career selection for their education level in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to do a classification using certain method for the best decision. Various data mining methods have been widely used for solving problems such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), C4.5, Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM), forward chaining, fuzzy logic, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), Simple Additive Weight (SAW), and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. This study used adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system to decide the high school students major. The obtained results are 95.3% of accuracy, 92% of precision, and 93.1% of sensitivity.


The action learning set (ALS) is an often-used tool in practice development to facilitate group reflection. As such, its use evolves in the hands of the participants as they become more comfortable with the process and as trust develops amongst group members. This paper aims to discuss the journey of one ALS over a 2-year period. It seeks to highlight the process of learning through an ALS and the complexity of making the process meaningful for the participants. The role of trust within an ALS cannot be overstated. This was an imperative factor in the overall effectiveness of the set.


In the 50 years since the establishment of the Milk Marketing Board there have been startling changes in the lifestyle and eating habits of UK population. We have passed through an era when food was rationed and choice restricted, into one in which food is plentiful and restrictions are, in the main, self-imposed. The diet/health interrelationship is now focused not on deficiency but on excess. As a result, dietary guidelines based, in the midst of controversy, on a concensus of medical opinion have been issued to help the professionals, to help consumers to help themselves. Unfortunately, attempts to express these guidelines in practical terms have led many consumers not to evaluate their diet as a whole but to see it as composed of good and bad foods. Milk and a number of milk products have tended to fall into the latter category. Alongside this issue, there is concern about the adequacy of the diet of families of the unemployed and those on a restricted income. The erratic eating habits of older teenagers and the expansion of the wine, soft drinks, crisps, snack foods, 'take-away' and chocolate bar markets also give cause for concern. Milk composition and its implications in the adult diet will therefore be discussed in the context of the diet as a whole, bearing in mind current trends in eating habits and Department of Health and Social Security recommendations for the population in general.


Crystalline 1,2-O-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-α-D- glucofuranose (9) is orthorhombic, P 21212, with a = 17.702(4), b = 8.892(2), c = 5.6400(9) Ǻ, Z = 4, R = 0.050, and Rw = 0.041. The conformation of the 1,4-dioxan ring in this bicyclic acetal is slightly distorted from 7C1, and that of the glucofuranose ring is intermediate between the 3E and 3T2 conformations. Extensive intermolecular hydrogen-bonding of exocyclic OH(5) and OH(6) dominates the solid state interactions. In aqueous solution, compound (9) retains close to the same stereochemical characteristics as in the crystal, including those of the exocyclic C(4)-C(5)-C(6) segment of the molecule, according to n.m.r. spectroscopic evidence. These findings provide support for the structures assigned to related bicyclic acetals (7) and (8), which differ from (9) in having a methyl substituent at C(8) on their 1,4-dioxan rings, notably in confirming that the configuration at C(8) is R in (7) and S in (8).


https://e-kcj.org Cardiovascular mortality decreased dramatically in recent years. Remarkable progress has been made in cardiovascular medicine. The development and progress of myocardial revascularization therapy such as coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is another important contributing factor.1) PCI improves quality of life and, in the case of acute coronary syndromes, improving survival free from myocardial infarction, in the case of ST-elevated myocardial infarction, reducing mortality. However, a considerable number of patients experienced recurrence of cardiovascular events after PCI and were hospitalized, which resulted in the increase of overall medical expenses.2)


The invention discloses a method for thermal runaway protection of a power battery pack by virtue of a heat pipe technology. The heat pipe technology is composed of four parts, namely a battery cell module, a heat pipe, a box body and an external heat radiating structure. By applying the heat pipe technology to the thermal runaway protection aspect of the power battery pack, the temperature increase rate of a battery cell in thermal runaway is delayed in a mode of dredging heat energy, so that the fire breakout of the battery cell is prevented or delayed; and the power battery pack has the characteristics of high efficiency, simple structure, convenience in manufacturing and the like.


T he formulary system encompasses many issues that are critical to the management of hospital pharmacy today. Formularies serve to: decrease costs for the entire institution; improve therapeutics and limit adverse incidents or treatment failures; educate phy sicians and other health care professionals; reduce liabil ity of the medical staff, hospital, and employees; and control misuse and waste of drug products. A well-established and -maintained hospital formu lary can have significant impact on patient care through mechanisms that ensure appropriate drug therapy with minimal risk. Not only do product selection guidelines provided by a formulary assist physicians in prescribing medications, there are often special policies and proce dures related to drug dosing, administration, and moni toring that lend a team approach to patient manage ment, involving nursing, pharmacy, the laboratory, and other areas. In addition, overall strategies for accom modating changes in medical practice, new develop ments in the pharmaceutical industry, and the evolution of health care trends can be treated as components of a formulary system to facilitate future implementation or modification of drug therapy.


Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an intracellular bacterium of medical and veterinary importance. The reservoirs of C. burnetii are extensive which include mammals and arthropods, particularly ticks. The incidence of Q fever in Malaysian population is rarely reported due to the lack of diagnostic facilities. As the organism is difficult to culture, the objective of this study is to use molecular methods, i.e., polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis to determine whether C. burnetii is present in the veterinary samples (milk, vaginal swab and blood samples of domestic livestock) and ticks collected from wildlife, livestock and those from the vegetation. Screening for C. burnetii DNA was conducted using two conventional PCR methods, targeting the transposon like gene IS1111 (Trans-PCR) and the com1 gene (OMP-PCR). The PCR findings were confirmed based on sequence analysis of the amplified fragments or by using a real-time PCR assay. In this study, a total of 173 ticks were examined for the presence of C. burnetii DNA. Ten tick samples (5.8%) were tested positive using Trans-PCR assays and five tick samples (2.9%) were tested positive using OMP-PCR assays. Positive amplification results were obtained from Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks. Of 59 milk samples collected from cattle, 17 samples (28.8%) were tested positive by Trans-PCR assays, but none by the OMP-PCR assays. Of 180 vaginal swabs collected from cattle, sheep and goats, 22 samples (12.2%) were positive by Trans-PCR assays and 12 (6.7%) were positive by OMP-PCR assays. Of 103 blood samples collected from cattle, five samples (4.9%) were tested positive by Trans-PCR assays, but none by the OMP-PCR assays. Of the animal samples, the highest percentage of C. burnetii DNA-positive samples from domestic livestock was derived from milk and vaginal samples whereas the lowest percentage was detected in blood samples. The assay targeting the transposon-like gene IS1111 was more sensitive in detecting C. burnetii DNA. Sequence determination of the amplified products confirmed the PCR findings. In view of the detection of C. burnetii DNA in the veterinary and tick samples, awareness for prevention and control of the possible transmission of C. burnetii infection to the local population is necessary.


Many diverse groups have studied the insider threat problem, including government organizations such as the Secret Service, federally-funded research organizations such as RAND and CERT, and university researchers. In addition, many industry participants are interested in the problem, such as those in the financial sector. However, despite this interest, no consistent definition of an insider has emerged.


The utility model discloses a deep hole blasting cartridge, comprising a plastic tube(1), detonating cords(2) and an explosive roll(3). The plastic tube(1) is divided from one end into a plurality of segments at an interval of 300-400 millimeters and each segment is 700-800millimeters long; one side of each segment of the plastic tube(1) is axially slivered and the explosive roll(3) is disposed into the plastic tube from the slivered point; one detonating cord(2)is arranged on each side of the inner wall of the plastic tube and each detonating cord(2)is connected with two instantaneous electric detonators(4); the four instantaneous electric detonators(4) are connected in parallel at the tail end of the plastic tube. The deep hole blasting cartridge gets rid of the difficulties in loading the explosive and determining the emplacement during deep mine hole blasting processes, greatly improves shooting pressure relief effect and can reduce the concentration of the stress to the surrounding wall.


Several clinical studies in patients with VVI or dual-chamber pacemakers have demonstrated that right ventricular apical pacing may adversely affect myocardial function and lead to an increased number of hospital admissions for congestive heart failure. Endocardial catheter mapping studies have unequivocally demonstrated that right ventricular (RV) pacing mimics the endocardial activation patterns of left bundle branch block (LBBB). Furthermore, the effect of RV pacing on left ventricular activation patterns and times are similar to that observed during LBBB. Right ventricular apical pacing results in asynchronous ventricular activation and delayed left ventricular (LV) activation time due to slow initial propagation of the electrical wavefront through ventricular myocardium rather than through the His-Purkinje system. [1] The greater the mass of the ventricular myocardium activated by muscle-to-muscle conduction prior to activation of the Purkinje system, the longer the QRS duration. It is therefore not surprising that RV pacing is pathophysiologically abnormal and results in paradoxical septal wall motion, delayed lateral wall contraction, alteration of regional adrenergic innovation, myocardial blood flow, regional perfusion defects, wall motion abnormalities, reduced LV pressure, mitral regurgitation, and reduced diastolic filling times. All of these effects contribute to reduced LV pumping function. [2] In addition, experimental studies have demonstrated that long-term RV apical pacing [RVA] induces abnormal histologic changes with myofibrillar disarray, as well as asymmetrical LV hypertrophy and thinning. [3] Therefore, intrinsic ventricular activation is generally preferred to a ventricular-paced sequence whenever possible. Automatic intrinsic conduction search provides about 40% ventricular pacing as its best performance. [4] The impossibility to avoid unnecessary ventricular stimulation in this setting has prompted the development of algorithms to minimize ventricular pacing. In fact, the strategy of enhancing intrinsic AV conduction may lead to ventricular pacing at prolonged AV intervals, where fusion beats frequently occurs and further prolongation of the AV interval is not possible. The concept of ventricular pacing minimization is of paramount importance in patients that are not pacemakerdependent to avoid the clinical drawbacks of RV pacing at long term, namely atrial arrhythmias and heart failure. In a Danish study, AAI and VVI pacing were compared in patients with sick sinus syndrome. AAI pacing was associated with reduced mortality, a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and less severe heart failure. The DAVID trial compared DDDR pacing at 70 bpm with VVI pacing at 40 bpm, in patients indicated for implantation of a defibrillator, but without an indication for antibradycardia pacing. DDDR pacing cArDIOLOGY UPDAtE 2008


Green manufacturing is of significant importance to meet the strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutral. Reducing energy consumption in manufacturing plays a critical role to achieve green objectives, particularly for production lines with energy-intensive setup processes. In this letter, a two-machine line model with setups is introduced. In addition to deriving analytical method to evaluate productivity and energy performance in such lines, an optimization model to minimize energy consumption and maximize production rate is introduced. Using this model, system properties and design policies to optimize line performance are presented. Such a model provides a building block for developing quantitative tools to analyze and optimize energy and productivity performance in manufacturing systems.


In this paper we introduce examination dialogues, an addition to the dialogue typology of Walton and Krabbe. In educational settings the purpose of dialogue is often to elicit the position of a student, e.g. to test understanding. In other settings, a frequently adopted tactic is to attack an opponent's stance by exposing internal inconsistencies in their argument. In real debate such inconsistencies will often be rather more subtle than elementary logical fallacies since they arise from contradictions apparent in the opponent's value system. Protagonists will be better positioned to judge the applicability of this tactic as more information is determined concerning the exact nature of their opponent's case, e.g. the arguments favoured and values endorsed. One obstacle, however, is that following a request to state a view, the challenged party may refuse to comment. In this paper we present an approach to modelling the evolution of examination dialogues based on the concept of value-based argument frameworks and outline some algorithmic issues regarding argument selection.


This paper shows the conception and the model of hydraulic single-acting valve drive for internal combustion engines. This drive should give free control for valve lift, valve opening and valve closing time. It consists of parts: electric control valve and hydraulic actuator, whose piston is connected with engine valve and return spring. One of the basic components of high pressure HEUI injector for the Diesel engine – electric valve with solenoid was chosen as electric control valve. Principle of operation, physical and mathematical model of this drive is to be presented in this paper. Presented model consists of electrical, mechanical and hydraulic subsystems: slide of control valve with solenoid coil, power piston of hydraulic actuator with return spring and hydraulic components. Describe the dynamic behaviour of the solenoid was based on non-linear magnetic circuit model. Movement of valve slide and power piston of actuator was based on the motion equation. Description of hydraulic subsystems was based of one-dimensional, compressible flow model. After full system identification basic parameters of this drive (like supply oil pressure or valve lift) will be calculated and analyzed for better load exchange in internal combustion engines.


This study discusses about regulation on independent of Financial Services Authority. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the functions of financial authorities in Credit Agreement Regulation and Oversight.


Contaminated drinking water is the main cause of many health problems in different regions of the world and is responsible for serious diseases of nervous system damages, kidney failure and also cause stomach cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the drinking water quality sources present in Narangi and its surrounding areas (Permooli, Merali and Sherdarra). Water samples were collected from different sources (dug wells, tube wells, hand pumps and springs) in the study area and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and toxic metal concentrations. Physical parameters such as pH, Electric conductivity, Total dissolved Salts Turbidity, and temperature were determined with the help of electro-chemical analyzer on the spot, while anions including nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, phosphate and chloride were determined using spectrophotometer HACH (DR2800). Heavy metals such as copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) were determined using atomic absorption Perkin Elmer (AAnalyst-700). Among the toxic metals lead was found above the WHO permissible limits, while in physic-chemical parameters nitrite was found above the WHO standard. It is concluded that drinking water of Narangi and its surrounding areas could pose potential health risk due to Pb and NO presence. We strongly recommend further detail study for drinking water sources in the adjacent 3 areas as well as the installation of water treatment plants in the Naranji area to protect local population from serious health hazards.


Plaintiff Connie Ann Ernewein filed this action under 42 U.S.C. §405(g) asking this Court to review a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security. That final decision, issued by the Appeals Council on September 16, 2019, denied Ms. Ernewein's applications for social security disability benefits and supplemental security income. Ms. Ernewein has now moved for judgment on the pleadings (Doc. 10), and the Commissioner has filed a similar motion in response (Doc. 14). For the following reasons, the Court will GRANT Plaintiff's motion, DENY the Commissioner's motion, and REMAND the case to the Commissioner for further proceedings pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §405(g), sentence four.


According to Bologna education system the final module control (FMC) is conducted after the finish of the subject and consists of the control of theoretical and practical parts. FMC 2 in«Orthodontics» at Pediatric Stomatology Department is held at Pediatric Stomatology Department at ІV course (VIII semester) and is carried through 4 academic hours. The general score for FMC 2 in«Orthodontics» contains three criteria: scores for the test control, scores for theoretical knowledge, and assessment of practical skills. The FMC 2 includes some elements of training to the license exam «Krok-2 Stomatology» and to the state exam that might improve results in final degree examination. To summit results it is necessary to consider theoretical knowledge of the student, his or her clinical thinking by analysis of situational tasks and mastering of practical skills. Such a complex assessment promotes the high level of professional European training to be competitive  on the labor market and benefit in the most complicated and responsible sphere such a medicine. Key words: final module control, Orthodontics, Pediatric Stomatology.


Based on core descriptions and logging data, the origins of Chang-6 reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Xinghe area of Ansai Oil Field are analyzed.The reservoir in this area represents a river-dominated delta progredation. Deposits consist of distributary channel, distributary mouthbar, front santsheet and interdistributary deposits. The distributary channel and distributary mouthbar sands constitute the dominated reservoirs. Grain-size distributions of the sandstones are discussed in detail on the basis of cumulative curve, skewness-sdandard deviation, C-M pattern, and other distinction approaches. Earlier delta built out into the lacustrine shallow water from north of the area. Frequent division of distributaries produced many small distributaries and a lobate delta. Later progradation produced cyclic alternations of distributary and interdistributary deposits from northeast of the area. The development of deltaic sedimentation produced overlapping sand bodies of a delta-complex. The sedimentary microfacies of individual sand bodies are described in detail based on depositional sequence and sand body geometry.


The high-tech weapons are used more and more in modern war, and various voices of vehicles and weapons make the environment noisy, so it is a challenge to identify acoustic objective in such a noisy situation. An acoustic target recognition algorithm is given based on the characteristics of wireless sensor networks and the data fusion theory so that the various target signals can be identified correctly by wireless multi-sensor network in a noisy battlefield environment. The algorithm uses wavelet packet pretreatment and feature extraction, artificial neural network classification, and the data fusion algorithm to work out the final results. The result shows that the algorithm is feasible and effectual for battlefileld acoustic target identification through identifying original acoustic signal.


In this paper the rate of moisture ingress into enclosures was studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple quasi-steady state (QSS) model was developed enabling one to calculate easily time constants for moisture diffusion through plastic walls, rubber gaskets and openings. The characteristic time constant is /spl tau/=VL/AP+L/sup 2//2D where P is permeability, D diffusion constant, V volume of the enclosure, L wall thickness and A surface area. The model clarifies the relative importance of moisture permeability vs. diffusion constant of wall materials and is applicable to both large enclosures and microelectronic packages. For thin and/or nonabsorbing walls the first term (a function of P) predominates while with thick and/or absorbing walls the second term (which depends on D) prevails. For openings, /spl tau/=VL/AD, it was shown that the QSS model is practically equivalent to but simpler than full transient solutions of the Fick's second law. The attenuation of variations of atmospheric humidity by packaging was also modeled with the QSS model. The inside air humidity changes with the same frequency as the ambient but its amplitude is attenuated by a factor f=cos /spl phi/=1/(1+/spl omega//sup 2//spl tau//sup 2/)/sup 1/2/ and is phase shifted by an angle /spl phi/=arccos [1/(1+/spl omega//sup 2//spl tau//sup 2/)/sup 1/2/] where /spl omega/ is the angular frequency of humidity changes. Therefore the protective value of packaging will be different in different geographical areas.<<ETX>>


Mercury toxicity studies and the deduced safe working level are reported. Precautions for laboratory handling and decontamination are suggested, and monitoring procedures are discussed. (auth)


In this paper we will examine the internal structure of primary complements of the verb in more detail than has been done previously. We will propose that there are two basic levels for primary arguments: the head-argument level (level one) and the vector level (level two). The theme is assigned to the head-argument level as a default, and other primary argument theta roles to the vector level. In English, the headcomplement is assigned Case by the verb, and the vector complements by a preposition. Additionally there is a third level; this level is for displaced arguments.