Activated Platanus fruit carbon (a-PFC) was synthesized by pyrolytic carbonization and alkali activation treatment of an easily available biomass, Platanus fruit (PF). Carbonization yielded a Platanus fruit carbon (PFC) sample with a partially graphitized phase, and the following KOH activation created a highly porous texture containing a large fraction of micropores, and therefore a high specific surface area. Both of these factors are beneficial for surface-related applications such as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and adsorbents for the removal of organic dyes. A supercapacitor based on a-PFC3, which was synthesized with a KOH : PFC activation ratio of 3, offers a high gravimetric capacitance of 216 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a high rate performance and an excellent cycling stability, highlighting the potential of a-PFC3 in electrochemical energy storage. Its high specific surface area also makes a-PFC3 an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution.


This paper discusses the importance and methods of Human Resource management in the high-technology companies of the Travel, Transport and Logistic industry. The qualification and motivation of the employees is a key factor of increasing the effectiveness and competitiveness of the big marker players. In this study the particular attention is paid to the digital tools and software to optimize and improve the quality of the HR business processes. As a result of this study, it was found that information technologies can reduce the time of the recruiting and hiring processing and present the detailed analytics on the workforce to the executive management. It would be interesting to consider the impact of investments in HR business process optimization on the general effectiveness of the transportation industry.


The public administration in Albania, according to the national and international reforms, has undergone major and important change in order to work properly. The Albanian public administration has been facing different demands over governmental task in order to improve the services being offered to the public. Also, the initiative to change and to reform the public administration in order to integrate in the European Union requires stable political will, as an optional facility of human and material resources. The efficient use of human resources in the public administration is an important element of reform expressed in the concept of "performance" which means that the administration must undertake based in a system of evaluation of the performance, thus the reforms impact over the factors that are related to the employee's performance. The enforcement of the government performance, the improvement of the product, the quality, the efficiency and especially the efficiency of the public administrative authorities, and their programs are important for us all, as having public services but also tax p "whole" in1989. It's important to ensure some terms of the performance evaluation in the context of the reform. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p306


Stuttering detection and classification are important issues in speech therapy as they could help therapists track the progression of patients' dysfluencies. This is also an important tool for technology-assisted speech therapy. In this paper, we combine MFCC and phoneme probabilities to train a neural network for stuttering detection and classification of four dysfluency types. We evaluate our system on the UCLASS, FluencyBank and SEP-28K datasets and show that our system is effective and suitable for real-time applications.


We have verse as well as prose from Cicero, Columella, Petronius (and from many Christian authors), but the corpus of Seneca's tragedies is especially extensive (the Octavia and the disputed Hercules Oetaeus are not considered here).1 Although some features in Seneca's style may be called 'baroque' (e. g. 'abundant' expression), this aspect should not be overemphasized. Actually, even in his tragedies, 'classicizing' features can be detected. As had done Varius and Ovid, Seneca as a playwright prefers classical models viewed through the prism of the normative poetics of the Alexandrian age. Artistic o"konom…a is a governing principle.2 This is an important general background even to Seneca's use of language. Seneca's deliberate use of poetic vocabulary has been discussed in the first part of the article. Between Seneca's philosophical works and his tragedies there are differences of approach to language and style. Whereas the epistles are supposed to be rather 'useful' than 'delightful' ("Our words should aim not to please, but to help": Epist. 75. 5), in the tragedies there is no such theoretical restriction. But even in the Epistles Seneca makes concessions to rhetoric (ibid.; see part I of this article, p. 81–82; 88–89). As will be shown, rhetoric is not an otiose adornment, but conditions the structure of the texts and the methods of meditation.


If control continual planting of tobacco was to the best of our abilities,set up the system of reasonable Tobacco-Rotating step by step and put divisional rotating in practice,then people could realize the combination of using and sparing land,reducing efficiently production cost,enhancing the yields and quality of the tobacco and improving economic benefit.So continual planting areas inventory of tobacco and getting the basic information of them is the key of controlling continual planting of tobacco and setting up the system of reasonable tobacco-rotating.This article discusses how to conduct the continual planting area inventory of tobacco with the support of RS and GIS techniques.


This essay examines the significance the diaspora has acquired in Indian popular culture. Through an examination of popular magazines and prime time programming, the essay illustrates the manner in which India and Indians have imaginatively accommodated the diaspora, encompassing it within the folds of a globalised Indian identity. The presence of the diaspora in popular culture helps produce new subjectivities, especially that of the new Indian woman. In contemporary popular culture, the diaspora expands the terrain of India beyond the contours of the nation‐state. The Indian female body, however, remains a site where a range of anxieties about globalisation is encoded. The Indian woman's body continues to be shaped by and regulated by 'tradition' and Indian values. Simultaneously, she becomes a conduit through which concerns of national stability and economic globalisation are performed.


We report on the resonance cavity MSM-photodiode structures based on nanoscale metallic gratings which are used both as a tool for efficient light confinement and the photocarriers collection. The finger spacing of these detectors is less than the wavelength of incident light. Short collection path along with low diode capacitance (8 fF) allows theoretical cut-off frequencies as high as 500 GHz. Detector has record quantum efficiency of 46% and high selectivity (FWHM=17 nm) at wavelength 790 nm.


In anticipation of the introduction of the elective subject of Information Sciences for the lower grades of primary school, a question of the professional teaching competences of students - future teachers and current teachers of Information Sciences (with an emphasis on programing), comes into the focus. This article discusses their ability from professional (knowledge of programing) and pedagogical aspects. We present the results of a research conducted among students of the Faculty of Education Sciences with a module in Information Sciences and Informatics Teachers in the Class Teaching study group. Respondents, through self-evaluation of their knowledge and competencies in the field of programing, gave answers from which it can be concluded whether they are ready to teach programing. The article also presents a case study in which students of the final year of the Faculty of Education Sciences with a module of Information Sciences, made a video clip of processing new contents for a programing class, as a methodical exercise. The programing languages used were Scratch, Python and the micro:bit simulator. Project assignments were correlated with the subjects of Croatian language, Physical and Health Culture, Music Culture, Mathematics and Information Sciences. The results of the research indicate that the respondents are generally ready, but they would need additional education in programing domain.


An indexing relationship, used to index and directly compare measurements, is developed for liquid phase‐controlled gas transfer in self‐aerated flows from theoretical considerations. The indexing relation is shown to describe temperature effects as well as existing equations that use fitted coefficients. The relation may be used to index adsorption and volatilization rates of any compound exhibiting liquid phase controlled gas transfer and may be used to compare the gas transfer measurements of different compounds. It is proposed that the relationship be used to index liquid phase controlled gas transfer measurements in self‐aerated flows to a common reference temperature, 20° C, and to a gas, oxygen, most often used in gas transfer experiments. The indexing relationship is also shown to be valid for any bubbly flow where the gas transfer is predominantly across the bubble interface, such as occurs with aeration bubblers.


For an upstream oil and gas company, avoiding an offshore COVID-19 outbreak while executing four different offshore projects poses a huge challenge, particularly in a country experiencing a daily COVID-19 test positivity rate over 20%. Even minor mismanagement of the quarantine process can lead to an offshore COVID-19 outbreak, with the risk of shutting down campaigns and severely impacting business objectives. The challenge is therefore to avoid an offshore COVID-19 outbreak, ensuring well-being of personnel during the quarantine period and managing quarantine related costs, including COVID-19 test costs.
 To ensure effective quarantine management, a new approach was created that applied a combination of medical assessments, Health & Safety (H&S) and security measures. Quarantine management was led by a special task force responsible for ensuring the readiness of transportations, rooms, PCR tests, as well as overall compliance to quarantine rules. In compliance with government regulations and WHO recommendations, another complimentary approach was applied that sequestered personnel who tested positive in an isolation room.
 Effective quarantine management was established with the assistance of the company Business Continuity Management Team (BCMT). The company was able to complete four different major offshore projects with no offshore COVID-19 outbreaks. During these operations, over 1,000 personnel were quarantined and tested with a 5.37% positivity rate at the pre-work quarantine site. Confirmed cases were managed in full compliance with government regulations. The result of this effective quarantine management system, has allowed the company to achieve scorecard performance goals while delivering all four of the major offshore work-scopes, as per the original business plan.
 This paper discusses quarantine management as part of business continuity management covering medical assessment, H&S and security measures amidst a national COVID-19 pandemic. These programs were applied in an adaptive method-based risk assessment, which based on evidence base approaches, during frequently changing government regulations.


Summary: Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) forests in the Colorado Front Range comprise a mixed-severity fire regime with true-mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus Raf.) as the dominant undergrowth shrub species. The objective of this project is to relate the sprouting behavior of true mountain mahogany to fire severity gradients at both landscape and individual shrub scales following the 2000 Hi Meadow and 2002 Hayman Fires, located near Pine, Colorado. We were successful in meeting this objective as proposed, but circumstances prevented a more comprehensive examination as initially envisioned. Deliverables (identified in the request for no cost-extension) are appended to this final report. The proposed deliverables include a Master's thesis and poster abstract. In addition, two other posters and a metadata summary were completed. Other highlights from this project included: • Development of a system for rating burn severity in individual shrubs. The Shrub Burn Severity Rating system (SBSR) provided a classification system that could be used for relating post-fire sprouting characteristics to fire severity.


In the networked society of today, the role of information security is fundamental. Protecting privileged information is crucial, and the most used approach for authentication of legitimate users is through password systems. However, the requirements for a secure password conflict directly with the cognitive abilities of their users, what generates countless problems. This paper discusses these two very different worlds that need to interact: the world of technology and the world of human beings. We also question the validity and efficacy of the ways in which these problems were addressed over time. © Ciencias & Cognicao 2007; Vol. 10: 46-53.


Richard and Sophia Hungerford Travel Scholarship, Yeandle Family Graduate Scholarship, Richard and Sophia Hungerford Graduate Scholarship, Registrar's Research Grant for Graduate Students, Registrar's Research Travel Grant


The current methodological tendencies give
particular importance to the teaching of orality.
Thus, several investigations have verified that
reading aloud to children contributes positively
to their cognitive development. However, in order
to achieve the objective proposed with this
type of reading, the prosodic aspect should not
be forgotten. In spite of the few articles published
up to now, the prosodic aspect is considered
to be essential to provide a description of young
people's prosodic features when reading aloud,
especially in order to create general rules that
can be taught in our schools and universities.
This paper is limited to the analysis of the types
of rhythm, and for this, five informants have
been selected and asked to read a text written in
standard Basque.


This complete reference shows how Internet and network security is implemented and details ways to keep it from being violated. Inadequacies in current security products and set-ups are pointed out and strategies to overcome them are detailed step by step.


(76) Inventors: Georg Rollmann, Mulheim Ruhr A method to estimate the fatigue life of a component operable (DE); Marco Claudio Pio Brunelli, under cyclic stress is provided. A system including testing Orlando, FL (US) means for performing a strain controlled test of a component or a representative specimen of the component, to obtain (21) Appl. No.: 12/869,017 therefrom a first set of data samples including measured stress amplitude values for varying applied strain levels, and a sec (22) Filed: Aug. 26, 2010 ond set of data samples including measured number of cycles to crack initiation for varying applied Strain levels is also O O provided. The system further includes a modeling means for Publication Classification fitting a first low cycle fatigue material curve on the first set of (51) Int. Cl. data samples and a second low cycle fatigue material curve on GOIL I/00 (2006.01) the second set of data samples.


Multi-core processors are widely used to improve performance of computer systems. To achieve both high performance and low power consumption, we propose Cell-allocation cache. It allocates cache spaces called 'Cell' which is smaller than a way and dynamically assigns it to a core. However, it is only evaluated with trace-driven simulation, so evaluations of execution speed and energy consumption in realistic environments are not presented. In this paper, we implement Cell-allocation cache on the cycle accurate simulator Gem5 and evaluates more detailed performance. We also propose evaluation methodology by mixing plural benchmark programs to evaluate performance under unbalanced load works.


Acoustic properties affect the way one experiences sound in a room; sound listener or microphone will receive the sound in a form that might be more or less understandable, influenced by the room's acoustic properties. Assessment of a room's acoustic properties can be made on-site and by using simulation software. This paper used both methods for acoustic properties assessment of rooms with various dimensions and purposes. The aim was to compare the results obtained by both methods and advise on how to improve the room's acoustic properties. Acoustic properties are assessed using: T20, C50, and C80. The difference in the observed room's acoustic is presented. The results showed a significant agreement between acoustic properties measured on-site and by simulation.


Because o f rapid deterioration o f existing steel bridge superstructures and transportation development in the recent decades, bridge rehabilitation has become an urgent technical and economical task in many countries. This report summarizes the factors that, lead to steel bridge deterioration and reviews typical damages of steel bridges. Bridge inspection and evaluation procedures for determining the technical condition o f bridges are also discussed. Numerous steel bridge rehabilitation strategies to extend the service life of steel bridges are presented in detail in this report. Paint systems are most widely used for corrosion protection, and there are three maintenance strategies with this coating method, i.e., touch-up painting, overcoating and recoating. Repair work usually concerns repair of cracks and deformed structural members. Strategies for strengthening superstructures of steel bridges include enlargement of cross sections, installation of additional members, external post-tensioning, replacement of structural members, additional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) strips, continuity development, and other strengthening methods. To help engineers make rational decisions among these rehabilitation strategies, fundamental decision making principles about decision making under risk, uncertainty and incomplete knowledge are introduced, together with some useful mathematical tools such as decision tree, expected monetary value, and Monte Carlo simulation. A decision making model o f an engineering example is developed to illustrate the practical application of decision making tools and the procedure for bridge engineers when face with the task of decision making for bridge rehabilitation. Life cycle cost analysis should be performed during this decision making process. The decision making model for steel bridge corrosion protection maintenance strategies is set up with life cycle cost analysis method. Touch-up painting is proven to be the most economical strategy for corrosion protection maintenance. This life cycle cost analysis model can also be applied to other situations about decision making of rehabilitation strategies for steel bridges.


Review(s) of: Law: Language in evidence: Issues confronting aboriginal and multicultural Australia, by D. Eades (editor), University of New South Wales Press, Kensington, 1995, pp xii + 289, ISBN 0868401196.


In 2019, Indonesia has installed about 2.13 GW of geothermal and made it the second largest country utilizing geothermal. However, the capacity is less than 10% of the total potential and far from the target of 9.3 GW in 2030. A challenge in geothermal development is the environmental issue where more than 50% of the potential is located in conservation and protected forests. Recently, a regulation has been issued allowing geothermal development in those areas. A study to design a model of the forest area management for geothermal development was carried out in the Mount Ciremai National Park by identifying inventorying and evaluating the changes in forest zone utilization. There are three approaches applied in the study: ecology, social, and technical designs. The forest area management model was developed through stages, i.e., clustering of forest utilization and analysis of ecosystem, social activity, and area management alternatives. It is recommended that areas should be avoided are the core zone of the national park, nature preserve, areas that are indicated as important flora and fauna habitats, primary forests, and steeply sloped areas. It is about 1,369 Ha of the area that can be used for geothermal development.


SEMA3B gene locates at 3p21.3,a region of high-frequency deletion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),and its role as a tumor suppressor gene has been proved recently.In this study,the status of expression,allele loss and methylation of SEMA3B gene were investigated in NPC.We first detected the expression level of SEMA3B gene in 33 primary NPC tissues and 15 chronic nasopharyngitis tissues by RT-PCR.The RT-PCR results demonstrated that absent expression or down-regulation of SEMA3B gene were observed in 75.8% (25 of 35) of primary NPC tissues.The expression level of SEMA3B gene in NPC tissues was significantly lower than that in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues( P=0.001) .Using D3S1568,D3S1621 and D3S4597 microsatellites,we further analyzed the status of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of SEMA3B gene in 20 primary NPC tissues.The results showed that the allele loss of D3S1568,D3S1621 and D3S4597 microsatellite was found in 10% ,20% and 15% of NPC tissues,respectively,that is,the total loss frequency of SEMA3B gene was detected in 45% of NPC tissues.Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between the allele loss status of SEMA3B and its expression level(P=0.023). Finally,we measured the methylation of SEMA3B promoter region by methylation-specific PCR(MSP).The MSP results revealed that there was hypermethylation of SEMA3B promoter region in all tested primary NPC tissues and in 73.3% of chronic nasopharyngitis tissues.It is concluded that expression of SEMA3B gene is down-regulated or absent in NPC tissues and LOH should be one mechanism leading to its abnormal expression.


A one-person exhibition of around 30 works made between 1996 and 2014, including a new commission, at Linlithgow Burgh Halls, part of 'GENERATION- 25 years of Contemporary Art in Scotland'.
The exhibition included loans from Arts Council of England/Southbank Centre, Aberdeen Art Gallery and City Art Centre, Edinburgh


THE introduction of a satisfactory chemical method for the early debridement of burns would simplify a perplexing problem. For many years attempts have been made to find some agent that would selectively digest or remove the necrotic slough that follows severe burning. Since Connor and Harvey1 in 1944 first reported the use of pyruvic-acid starch paste as a suitable agent, few clinical reports have been published on the use of this method of debridement. With a severe burn the open wound is largely responsible for serious electrolytic and protein aberrations resulting from the tremendous loss of serum. The persistence of . . .


This book will help the students in understanding the basic concept of MANETs and the respective growth in this field. As the routing and resource management are the prime issues in MANETs, this book will help in understanding them more thoroughly and will give an idea of new protocol which can work simultaneously on these issues. The book is well planned and will enhance your knowledge step by step. The author has tried to make the book simple and easy to understand. Hope this book will help the emerging aspirants in this field. The author is also presenting her gratitude towards her family and mentors through this book.


This report describes common indoor pollutants, discusses federal statutes that have been used to address indoor pollution, and analyzes key issues surrounding some general policy options for federal policy makers. The focus is on indoor chemical contaminants, rather than on temperature, humidity, or pollution from animals, fungal or bacterial organisms, or plant pests.


The rule-assessment approach was used to examine 5-, 8-, 11-, and 20-year-olds' understanding of the concepts of time, speed, and distance. Parallel tasks were developed for the three concepts that allowed specification of whether children were relying on time, speed, distance, end point, end time, beginning point, or beginning time cues in making their judgments. It was found that 5-year-olds understood all three concepts in the same way: Whichever train ended farther ahead on the tracks was said to have traveled for the longer time, at the faster speed, and for the greater distance. Twenty-year-olds, at the other extreme, understood all three concepts as distinct and separate ideas. The transitional period was marked by specific confusions among the three concepts: Time was regularly confused with distance, distance was confused with time, and speed was confused with distance and to some extent with end point. Both speed and distance concepts appeared to be mastered well before the concept of time. In 1928, Albert Einstein posed a question to Jean Piaget: In what order do children acquire the concepts of time and speed? The question was prompted by an issue within physics. Newtonian mechanics viewed time as a fundamental notion and denned speed in terms of it (velocity = distance/time) . Relativity theory, by contrast, denned time and speed in terms of each other (and in relation to fixed points), with neither concept viewed as the more basic. Einstein wanted to know which concept children understood first, whether understanding of each was intuitive or derived, and how initial understanding of one concept influenced subsequent understanding of the other. Almost 20 years later, Piaget published a two-volume, 500-page reply to Einstein's query (Piaget, 1946a/1969; 1946b/1970). The evolution of the concepts of speed and absolute linear time had proved to be consider


*) The first author would like to express bis gratitude to Fachbereich 9 Mathematik of the University Saarbrücken and MPI für Mathematik Bonn, for their hospitality. ) This paper was partly written during a visit of the third author at the Centre de Recerca Mathematica of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans at Bellaterra. He wishes to express his gratitude for the support and the warm hospitality provided by this Institution which made the visit a very pleasant one.


The commencement of insolvency proceedings has mostly been perceived as a form of disturbance in the arbitration world because it could provide a cause to stay pending arbitration proceedings and hinder the enforcement of arbitral clauses and arbitral awards. Most of the academic discussion has focused on these issues. This article will discuss these issues only briefly. Instead, it aims at demonstrating that disputes which arise in the context of international insolvency proceedings could benefit from a more advanced use of arbitration. The article explains the arbitrability of disputes in insolvency proceedings and the limited scope of the public policy defense with the national insolvency laws functioning as a gatekeeper to arbitration. Consistent with existing insolvency case law in many jurisdictions, an arbitration-friendly approach is formulated. Following this approach, the article outlines disputes that could be resolved efficiently when addressed in arbitration.
Insolvency, arbitration, arbitrability, bankruptcy, core bankruptcy issue, public policy, cross-border insolvency proceedings, related disputes


Crossbar switches provide the maximum possible bandwidth and minimum possible latency of all interconnect structures. Due to the large area required for large switches, monolithic crossbars have usually been limited to 64 x 64 ports. But many applications such as shared memory multiprocessors, ATM switches and networks that carry visual information require high bandwidth and/or low latency to increase overall system performance. Large crossbar switches would be very useful in these applications. We propose a new design for a 256 x 256 port full crossbar switch for use in multiprocessor and telecommunications applications. The switch has a 50 Mbyte/sec bandwidth per port and a low message latency. Distributed arbitration is provided for output port contention. High packaging density, high speed, and I/O minimization are achieved through the use of a large area, defect-tolerant monolithic implementation in a 0.8 micron CMOS technology. The number of spare rows and columns in the switch matrix is determined by a detailed yield analysis. Index Terms-Crossbar switch 7 buffer, delay, interconnection networks, packet, clock cycle, arbitration, performance, priority, yield analysis, latch, decoder, packaging, ball grid array.


Leishmaniasis is an antropozoonosis caused by different protozoa of the
genus Leishmania. It is estimated that approximately 350 million of people are at risk
areas, with annual incidence of approximately two million new cases worldwide. The
dog is the main reservoir in urban centers and the sandfly is the vector responsible
for transmission. In Brazil, according to the recommendations of the Ministry of
Health, seropositive dogs for leishmaniasis should be euthanized. The diagnosis is
made by the DPP-LVC® as screening and ELISA as confirmatory. Studies have
shown that DPP-LVC® is not able to detect a portion of the dog population, which
may contribute to the perpetuation of the disease in these areas. Twelve recombinant
proteins (Lci1A, Lci2B, Lci3, Lci4, Lci5, Lci6, Lci7, Lci8, Lci10, Lci11, Lci12, Lci13)
were cloned and sequenced in a previous study, but were not fully characterized for
antigenicity. Our hypothesis is that a set of selected recombinant antigens of L.
infantum may increase the identification of infected animals in endemic areas. The
aim of this study was identify a set of recombinant antigens of L. infantum from 12
previously selected for recognition by sera from infected dogs to compose an
immunodiagnostic test for canine visceral leishmaniasis. The 12 recombinant
antigens were produced in our laboratory and purified in Bio-Manguinhos. MAPIA
(Multi-Antigen Print ImmunoAssay), which consists in a screening platform for
antigen in nitrocellulose paper, was used to assess the recognition of recombinant
antigens for 12 sera of dogs infected. MAPIA is closer to rapid test DPP-CVL® than
other screening tests. We used this screening method with sera positive for canine
visceral leishmaniasis (n = 39) obtained in a cross-sectional epidemiological study in
endemic area. For evaluation of cross-reactivity, sera from dogs with other diseases:
cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 10), canine trypanosomiasis (n = 10) babesiosis (n =
10) and ehrlichiosis (n = 11), and animal sera negative (n = 40) were used. Initially,
was decided that the best protocol to be used in the assays. Subsequently, screening
of antigens was performed with sera and to evaluate the reliability of the results, the
tests were read by two observers independently. The agreement between visual
readings of the two observers was assessed using the kappa index. The Fisher exact
test was used to evaluate statistical differences between the positivity rate of the
proteins studied. The proteins Lci1A and Lci2B were recognized by 74% and 69%,
respectively. Lci4 (33%), Lci5 (31%) and Lci12 (33%) achieved a good degree of
recognition by antibodies present in serum. We observed low reactivity of sera from
dogs with babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, and canine trypanosomiasis with the 12
recombinant proteins. Sera from dogs with cutaneous leishmaniasis were most likely
reacted with the recombinant proteins. Combinatorial analyzes were performed to
identify a set of antigens from the 12 previously selected, that can identify the larger
number of sera from dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. We identified two
combinations composed of five antigens, Lci1A, Lci2B, Lci8, Lci12, Lci4 and Lci1A,
Lci2B, Lci8, Lci12, Lci5 that were most recognized by serums. When compared
recognition of combination of Lci1A + Lci2B and two sets of 5 proteins, sensitivity
increased from 77% to 87%, however this increase was not statistically different (p =
0.098). Despite this finding did not reach statistical significance, points us to evaluate
the possibility of two sets in an immunoassay format of the final test (DPP). In
summary, using MAPIA, two sets of five recombinant proteins of L. infantum showed
potential to be used in immunodiagnostic test in multi-antigens DPP.


Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm has been successfully adopted in many applied research environments with promising results, and applied to Web engineering area as well. Model-driven Web Engineering (MDWE) refers to the use of the model-driven engineering paradigm in Web development methodologies. It uses the models previously developed with the information obtained at the earlier stages to derive models within the current stage of the development process. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is considered as a most important realization of MDE; therefore, it is used as a basic reference framework in this research work. One of the challenges faced by the Model-Driven Web Engineering community along the evolution of Web applications was influencing the MDA Components in all stages of web site development process. This research paper represents the enhancement process for one of existing Web Engineering (WE) approach called Web Site Design Method (WSDM) by our MDA-Based WE mechanism. The resulting method is a new MDWE methodology called MDA-based WSDM (WSDMDA).


Ethylene Glycol (EG) is one of toxic and hazardous materials that was used in many industries such as; synthetic fibers, films, antifreeze, resins, explosives, fibers, paper, leather, protective coatings, printing inks and textile. Many environmental problems such as: negative effects on aquatic life, destruction of aquatic ecosystems, soil pollution, reducing the oxygenlevel in the waterabsorption through skin contact, brain damages, damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and joints, eye damage, toxicity, etc., have been reported related with EG. In this study, ozone as an advanced oxidation method was used for the treatment of EG containing wastewaters. For this purpose, the impact of contact timeand pH variations on EG removal by ozonation at two level including low and high concentration (low= 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and high=500, 750, 1000, 1500 mg/L) were examined. An EG removal kinetic analysis was determined based on removal rates via several ozonation times. At concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg/L after 180 minutes, removal of EG were achieved 93.31, 89.96, and 85.01 % respectively. Increasing pH has a direct impact on system efficiency and maximum efficiency corresponds to a concentration of 1500 mg/L 20.26 % was observed. Very good correlation coefficients at this kinetic study at all concentrations, investigated thatEG removal will follow the first-order kinetics. Increasing and decreasing pH has a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the system, so that the efficiency increases significantly at alkaline pH. According to the results ozone system can be an excellent option for EG containing wastewater treatment.


The purpose of this paper is to outline and demonstrate a method for screening and selection of potential portfolio companies (PCs) during the screening phase in corporate venture capital.,The use of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) enables the consideration of individual, heterogeneous and multidimensional decision criteria in portfolio selection and the preceding screening process by the investor.,The result of this method is a relative ranking of the PCs, with all the PCs considered serving as peer group. A weighting of individual criteria is not necessary because it is part of the functionality of DEA. The authors validate the proposed approach in a case study and show that it can be well combined with other models and theoretical frameworks.,The method is particularly useful in two cases. First, if a highly specialized investor wishes to use a variety of individual selection criteria for portfolio selection. Second, if an investor only has insufficient (financial) data on potential PCs, but still wants to make a (pre-) selection based on observable (qualitative) characteristics. This model helps to make consistent, intersubjectively comprehensible decisions based on valid decision criteria and helps to optimize the decision-making process in the context of portfolio selection in CVC.,This method allows the systematic selection of an attractive group from a large number of potential PCs, based on observable characteristics and taking into account individual strategic investment objectives, without having to make assumptions about underlying distributions or weights of decision criteria.


Objective To investigate the anti-leukemic effect of previously activated psoralens(PAP) in vivo in mice.Methods HL-60 ceils were transplanted subcutaneously on the back of nude mice.Experi- mental group were injected PAP for several successive days on various sites since different time points.Con- trol group were injected normal saline correspondingly.Differences in tumour load,turnout forming rate and overall survival between two groups were compared.Results At 8th day after transplantation of HL-60 cells tumour-forming-rate(TFR)was 100 %.Intra-tumour injection trial revealed that mean values of tumour load in PAP and control arm are(3.21±1.32)g and(5.0±1.0)g respectively,the difference in tumour load between two arms was significant statistically(t=3.42,P=0.0031).The average survival times(AST)in PAP and con- trol arm are(35±9.92)d and(28.3±5.14)d respectively,the difference in AST between two arms was not sig- nificant(Z=1.52,P=0.1294).Pathological examination discovered that necrotic field of tumour in experi- mental group was obviously larger than that in control group.Intramuscular injection trial revealed that the TFR in experimental and control arm are 80 % and 100 % respectively,the difference in TFR between two arms was not significant(x~2=2.22,P=0.1360).The ASTs in PAP and control arm are(31.5±6.39)d and (17.8±12.07)d respectively,the difference in AST between two arms was not significant statistically(Z=1.37, P=0.1713).Transplanting site injection trial showed that the TFR in PAP and control arm are 60 % and 100 % respectively,the difference in TFR between two arms was different significanfly(x~2=5.0,P=0.0250), the AST in PAP and control arm are(37.9±6.21)d and(20.8±4.10)d respectively,the difference in AST be- tween two areas was also different significantly(Z=4.30,P=0.0000).Condusion PAP could kill transplant- ed leukemic cells in vivo in nude mice.


Changes in the renal circulation in most subjects with essential hypertension long precede impairment of renal function (Goldring and Chasis, 1944). Early changes consist of a moderate reduction in effective renal bloodflow (E.R.B.F.) and of a smaller fall in glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.). Later, E.R.B.F. and G.F.R. fall further, and it is recognized (Goldring and Chasis, 1944) that if the disease enters a malignant phase, although G.F.R. and E.R.B.F. may be only moderately reduced in the early stages, rapid reduction is the usual course, with extremely low values in the final stages. We have confirmed these observations, and our values in three normal


cylindrical shell, with bulkheads and end caps. The stieners are introduced using a smeared approach. The bulkheads are modelled as circular plates with in plane and bending motion, and the end closures are modelled as truncated conical shells. External fluid loading is introduced to take into account the interaction of the structure with the acoustic medium. The propeller introduces a harmonic varying force in both the axial and transverse directions. The force is transmitted to the structure through the shaft that is connected to the end plate of the cylindrical hull and supported by the conical end cap. The axial component excites the axisymmetric modes of the structure. The transverse force component excites the hull through the conical shell and excites the higher circumferential modes. Since these modes are mainly flexure in nature, they can result in a high noise signature level. Results are presented in terms of FRFs calculated analytically and compare the axisymmetric vibration caused by the axial excitation and the asymmetric response due to the transverse component of the force.


Coronary artery spasm is typically a transient and marked narrowing of a single coronary artery lumen that induces myocardial ischemia. In general, patients with coronary spastic angina have a good prognosis. Herein, we described a case of recurrent diffuse multivessel coronary artery spasm presented as myocardial infarction, which was a very rare form of coronary heart disease. Although several similar ones have been reported worldwide, this is the first case rechecked by coronary angiography (CAG) in the follow-up period.


An optimization design method of street lamps is proposed.By using this method,a staggered arrangement of street lamps is optimally provided.Compared to now widely adopted symmetrical arrangement,the staggered arrangement can not only meat people's needs in traffic and daily life,but also achieve the goal of saving energy.


Belarus, are cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers. Fruit crops include apples, pears, plums, cherries. The main species of livestock are cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and poultry. Most of the farms have mixed crop and livestock farming. A powerful cattle breeding has been created in Belarus to manufacture diary and meat products. Now the country has more than four thousand dairy farms. Almost 40% of them are equipped with modern facilities and milking robots. Belarus is also constantly modernizing pig and poultry farms. Belarusian agriculture produces not only farm products to meet domestic needs, but it is also a traditional exporter of agricultural products. Among them are pork, beef, chicken, animal oil, cheese, eggs, flax, vegetables. Belarusian agricultural products are supplied to thirty-five countries. In 2015, the export of Belarusian agricultural products amounted to more than $4 billion. Nowadays the volume of agricultural production per capita in Belarus corresponds to the level of the developed countries and in many respects production figures are higher than those of the Eurasian Economic Union.


This paper presents a novel kernel density estimation approach to vehicle trajectory learning and motion analysis. The framework comprises a training stage and a testing stage. In the training stage, vehicle trajectories are first clustered by the hierarchical spectral clustering method. Then, through the proposed kernel density estimation approach, the average kernel density of one point on a trajectory can be estimated. In the testing stage, the compactness estimated by a Gaussian kernel function is introduced. Abnormal trajectories are detected with compactness lower than expected for a few consecutive frames. Vehicle motions are identified into multiple activities with their respective trajectory compactness.


Conventional time delay estimation approaches usually only deal with direct signal model, they are not suitable for multipath environments. And most approaches can't estimate integral and fractional delay at once. In order to overcome these defects, in this paper, we propose a super-resolution time delay estimation method that takes advantage of normalized cross spectrum of observed signals for passive systems. The CRB of time delay estimation is be given in multipath environments. Simulation results confirm that proposed time delay estimator can estimate integral and fractional time delay at once, and provides a super-resolution performance.


Delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming is the standard technique for ultrasound imaging applications. Due to its data independent property, DAS may suffer from poorer resolution and worse interference suppression capability than the adaptive standard Capon beamformer (SCB). However, the performance of SCB is sensitive to the errors in the sample covariance matrix and the signal steering vector. Therefore, robust adaptive beamforming techniques are desirable. In this paper, we consider ultrasound imaging via applying a user parameter free robust adaptive beamformer, which uses a shrinkage-based general linear combination (QLC) algorithm to obtain an enhanced estimate of the array covariance matrix. We present several multistatic adaptive ultrasound imaging (MAUI) approaches based on QLC to achieve high resolution and good interference suppression capability. The performance of the proposed MAUI approaches is demonstrated via an experimental example.


This article interrogates a tension between post-humanist and humanist modalities of home created by hybrid monsters featured in the TV show Being Human US : a ghost, vampire and a werewolf  (pair). The uncanny home emerges as a palimpsest of architectural and allegorical space, while the monstrous cohabitation gives rise to an allegorical model of the human; a model that wistfully gestures at the utopian vision of the future post-humanist world, and is simultaneously pulled back by the nostalgically traditional humanist conception of the person. By living together, the ghost, the vampire, and the werewolf function as an ensemble that dramatizes the humanist notion of what it means to be human. However, the humanity invoked in the TV show is interrogated from the point of view of  critical post-humanism, which is based on the notion of the "post-human" that indicates a perspective where the abiding question of what it means to be human is not only addressed and re-articulated, but also critically assessed and transcended towards an as-yet-unrealizable utopia, promoting altogether new, post-speciesist, post-animist, or even post-global (in the sense of cosmic) ways of inhabiting the world. The momentary utopia of the monstrous cohabitation provides evidence that post-humanist utopian model of a human person is feasible; yet, only if  "the impurity" of post-human creatures also becomes a part of the definition of the post-humanist human—a human who is a monster.


Based on the study of ash discharge and utilization at present and its chemical-physical feature, ash's effect on the strength of cement-soil mixture when cement is mixed with ash during foundation ferment is analyzed.


of State who were entrusted with the employment brief hardly shared a common ideological commitment; Jim Prior and Norman Tebbit, for example, were clearly not cast in the same mould. And thirdly, the monetarist gurus may have been the inspiration for some general policy directions, but they themselves, as Auerbach documents, were less than pleased at the pace and substance of the Conservative legislation. And yet, it is hard to accept the direction ofAuerbach's conclusion that the 1980s were driven by the 'duller world ofpolitics.' Mrs Thatcher and her ministers may not have been able or inclined to implement the New Right agenda in full, but it is clear enough that ideologues from that group had access to the government and informed its thinking. This ideological emphasis in turn prompted traditional labour lawyers to re-examine their own views, and partly in consequence, it became an interesting feature of the last ten years or so that analytical studies of labour law have mushroomedthe book being reviewed here being a good illustration. As the dust ofthe Thatcherite revolution settles and, one suspects, its legacies are subjected to more critical scrutiny by the more pragmatic Conservative politicians, or indeed by an alternative administration after the next election, the contributions to the debate will still be couched in different terms from those we were familar with in the 1970s. Voluntarism will probably not feature very much in this, but 'social dimensions"' almost certainly will: there seems every possibility that the new consensus may turn out to be based on continental European, Christian-democrat inspired models of the 'social market economy'. Labour Party and trade union support for the European Community's Charter of Fundamental Social Rights for Workers makes this point. In the meantime, this book is required reading for all those who wish to understand what actually happened to labour law in the 1980s. Its scholarshipis impeccable, and it presents a detailed account ofthe factual developments alongside frequent analyses of the issues which were relevant at each stage. The book manages in all this to convey an objective view of a topic which, after Maastricht, is once again at the heart of ideological debate in Britain.


My dissertation focuses on the design, analysis, and implementation of novel parallel approaches to solve massive graph problems. The graph abstractions we study are motivated by real-world social, biological and technological network applications. With a combination of novel parallel approaches and algorithm engineering for small-world networks, we achieve up to two orders of magnitude speedup over existing approaches for largescale graph traversal, connectivity, centrality, and community identification problems. Keywords—Informatics, Massive Social Network Analysis, Parallel Algorithms, HPC. I. RESEARCH OVERVIEW Graph-theoretic problems are representative of fundamental kernels in traditional and emerging scientific applications such as VLSI design, network analysis, data mining and computational biology, as well as applications in national security. Graph abstractions are also extensively used to understand and solve challenging problems in scientific computing. Real-world systems such as the internet, telephone networks, the world-wide web, social interactions and transportation networks are analyzed by modeling them as graphs. These graphs are often very large, ranging from several hundreds of thousands to billions of vertices and edges. On current workstations, it is not possible to do exact in-core computations on these large-scale graphs due to the limited physical memory. Also, solving these large-scale graph kernels on current high performance computing systems is problematic for several reasons. First, unlike traditional scientific computing, these graphs are characterized by a low diameter and unbalanced degree distributions, and are often difficult to partition well. Second, parallel algorithms for solving these problems are typically memory intensive, and the memory accesses are fine-grained and highly irregular. My research showcases how novel graph algorithms, HPC, and algorithm engineering for small-world networks synergistically combine to facilitate analysis of networks that are too large to be tractable on uniprocessor systems. My research contributions can be broadly classified into the following areas: 1. Parallel algorithms for graph traversal [2], connectivity, centrality [1], and community identification [4] on small-world network instances. 2. Efficient implementations on shared memory multithreaded architectures [5], manycore systems, and symmetric multiprocessors. 3. Experimental studies and performance characterization [6] of graph-theoretic problems on high performance computing systems. 4. Real-world applications: social network analysis [4] and computational biology [3]. II. RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS The central theme of my research is to efficiently solve large-scale graph problems on high performance computing (HPC) systems, focusing on problems related to small-world networks. I discuss key research contributions below: Graph Traversal and Connectivity. Breadth-first search (BFS) is a fundamental paradigm in the design of complex graph algorithms. BFS, and in general graph traversal, can be parallelized in one of the following two ways: level-synchronously, where vertices at each level are visited in parallel; or using path-limited searches, where multiple searches are concurrently executed and aggregated. The level-synchronous approach is particularly suitable for small-world networks due to their low graph diameter. For BFS, we designed a lock-free, level-synchronous algorithm that significantly reduces shared memory contention. We implemented BFS and report performance on the Cray MTA-2, a massively multithreaded parallel system with hardware support for fine-grained synchronization. For a scale-free graph of one billion edges, our BFS implementation on the MTA2 is more than two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art external memory implementation [1]. In related work, for the Ninth DIMACS Implementation Challenge on Shortest Paths, we solved the singlesource shortest paths problem using a level-synchronous approach on a small-world graph of 400 million vertices and two billion edges, the largest graph instance in the competition [6]. The parallel implementation takes about 10 seconds on a 40-processor MTA-2 system, with an absolute speedup of close to 30. The results demonstrate that the massively multithreaded paradigm, coupled with support for fine-grained synchronization, leads to exceptional performance for massive smallworld network problems. Centrality. We designed the first parallel algorithms for evaluating several centrality indices frequently used in complex network analysis [2]. Our implementations achieve impressive parallel performance on real-world datasets such as the web graph, protein-interaction networks, social relationship networks, and citation graphs. Consider, for instance, the evaluation of betweenness, a global centrality metric based on shortest-path enumeration. It is compute-intensive, with the work complexity quadratic in the number of vertices. We compute the exact betweenness centrality value of all the vertices in a large US patent citation network (3 million patents, 16 million citations) in 42 minutes, on 16 processors of an IBM p5 570 system. Our approaches enable rigorous centrality analysis of networks three orders of magnitude larger than instances that can be processed by commercial social network analysis (SNA) software packages. Community Identification. A key problem in social network analysis is that of finding communities, dense components, or detecting other latent structure. Classical approaches based on the Kernighan-Lin, flowbased algorithms, and hierarchical clustering work well for specific classes of networks (e.g., abstractions from scientific computing, physical topologies), but perform poorly for small-world networks. We designed three new community identification schemes (two hierarchical agglomerative approaches, and one divisive clustering algorithm) [4] that optimize modularity, a SNA clustering measure. We also conducted an extensive experimental study and demonstrated that our parallel schemes give significant running time improvements over existing modularity-based clustering heuristics. For instance, our novel divisive clustering approach based on approximate edge betweenness centrality is more than two orders of magnitude faster than the popular Girvan-Newman community detection algorithm on the Sun Fire T2000 server, while maintaining comparable clustering quality. SNAP. Identifying common kernels and abstractions from our research on small-world graph algorithms, we have designed an open-source, parallel infrastructure for massive small-world graph analysis called SNAP (Small-world Network Analysis and Partitioning). SNAP is a modular graph infrastructure implemented in C, uses POSIX threads and OpenMP primitives for parallelization, and targets multicore and manycore platforms. Our intent with SNAP is to provide a simple and intuitive interface for network analysis and application design, hiding the parallel programming complexity from the user. In addition to path-based, centrality, and community identification queries on largescale graphs, we support commonly-used preprocessing kernels and quantitative measures that consider the global network topology. Interactome Analysis. The field of systems biology (in particular, the analysis of interactome networks) presents a rich collection of emerging, unsolved combinatorial problems. In prior work, we conducted a topological analysis of a large-scale curated human proteininteraction data set [3] to assess lethality and centrality in protein interaction networks. We determined that proteins with high centrality, but low connectivity are abundant in the human interactome network. However, this finding could not be explained by accepted synthetic models for interaction networks. In future research, we intend to extend the interactome analysis for protein function prediction and disease modeling, and also support computational problems arising in interactome analysis using software abstractions implemented in SNAP.


This article describes in detail the semantic movements used in Sirojiddin Sayyid's iyrics and their stylistic and linguistic features. Also, the poet's unique visual skills and the expressin of subtle meanings of language units have been analyzed from a linguopoetic point of view.


The synthesis, structures and multifunctional sensory properties of amphiphilic poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)]-block-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PF-b-PDMAEMA) rod-coil diblock copolymers are reported. The new copolymers, with PDMAEMA coil lengths of 31, 45, 93 and 185 repeating units, were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The surface structures and photophysical properties of the synthesized polymers were studied through the variation of solvent composition (water–THF), temperature, and pH. The PF7-b-PDMAEMA45 structure changed from spheres to separate cylinders, bundles of cylinders and spiral-shaped micelles as the solvent composition changed from 0 to 90 wt% water in THF. However, the long-range order structure of spiral-shaped loops was not observed at a long coil length. The micellar aggregates of PF7-b-PDMAEMA45 in water showed a reversible surface structure transformation from cylinder-bundles to spheres on heating from 25 to 75 °C. The variation of the micelle size with temperature was judged to be similar from both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The intermolecular PF aggregations led to fluorescence quenching and a blue-shift in the absorption spectra of the block copolymer as the water content increased. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of PF7-b-PDMAEMA45 in water was thermoreversible based on its lower critical solution temperature. The PL characteristics suggested the new copolymers behave as an on/off fluorescence indicator of temperature or pH, with a reversible "on–off" profile at an elevated temperature in water: the pH–fluorescence intensity profile switched from "off–on" to "on–off" as the temperature increased. The present study suggests that PF-b-PDMAEMA copolymers have potential applications as multifunctional sensory materials toward solvent, temperature, and pH.


Owing to the outstanding characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), i.e., mobility and flexibility, UAV-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) has become a widely attractive research direction. This paper studies the computing offload problem of multi UAV auxiliary terminal devices (TDs), in which multiple UAVs equipped with computing resources help the terminal device with limited local computing resources and energy to accomplish computing tasks. There are three computational strategies for the task of terminal devices. Firstly, each terminal device computes the task by itself. Secondly, each task can be offloaded to an UAV for computation. Thirdly, each task can be offloaded to nearby base stations (BS) for computation through the UAV relay. In this paper, we propose a partial offloading method and determine the task segmentation threshold. Due to the difference in computing power between heterogeneous UAVs and terminal devices, different tasks have different requirements for the time delay. The research problem is a large-scale nonlinear and complex problem, which is challenging to solve. Therefore, the terminal device is divided into different regions. Then we assign the UAV with strong computing power to the regions with weak computing power to achieve the complementarity of computing power. In addition, we prioritize the tasks of the end devices. Based on this, we propose the MST algorithm. Simulation results prove that our scheme significantly outperforms the baseline approach in terms of task completion time and compared to the SCA method, Our proposed approach improves performance by 13% on large-scale tasks.


The objective of the study is to discuss the current updates on diagnosis, treatment and the optimal role of different options in the treatment of endometriosis. The article reviews different medical journals, medline and internet to get the relevant information. The study results showed that both medical and surgical treatments are almost equally effective in pain management there is no evidence that medical treatment improves fertility. Surgical treatment is associated with small but significant improvement in live birth rate. Newer non hormonal drugs are more selective with less metabolic side effects. Surgical treatment is invasive procedure and repeated surgery is associated with major complication.


The weakest hold of the Indian National Congress in the colonial period was in the province of Punjab. The strength and domination of the National Unionist Party and the limited support and response afforded to the various nationalist movements highlight the weakness of the Congress especially in its southeast region, now known, after being carved out as a separate state on the 1st of November 1966, as Haryana.


The numerical simulation of physical processes in dusty plasmas is reviewed, with emphasis on recent results and unresolved issues. Three areas of research are discussed: grain charging, weak dust-plasma interactions, and strong dust-plasma interactions. For each area, we review the basic concepts that are tested by simulations, present some appropriate examples, and examine numerical issues associated with extending present work.


A technique is provided for testing an IC which includes a plurality of flip-flops. The flip-flops are arranged in at least one scan chain. The testing technique of the invention is practiced by selectively partitioning the scan chain into smaller scan chains so that the smaller chains can be simultaneously latched and provide test results. The scan chain is switchable between a partitioned and a non-partitioned configuration, so that either configuration can be selected on demand, thereby allowing both BIST and deterministic testing to be performed efficiently on the same circuit.


According to the nonlinear characteristic of brushless DC motor(BLDCM),a method is proposed in this paper.An adaptive inverse control method based on the neural network is proposed.In the scheme there are two Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous(NARX)networks as the model identifier and the adaptive inverse controller.The model identifier adjusts parameters on-line by the BP(back propagation)learning algorithm,acquires accurate Jacobian information and then the controller implements self-tuning on-line by Real Time Recurrent Learning(RTRL) algorithm.The simulation result shows that the system possesses the advantages of high response speed,no over shoot and is of great adaptive ability and robustness.


We report on the development of a high pulse energy femtosecond Yb:KGd(WO4)2 laser pumped by a fiber-coupled diode module. Passive mode locking was initiated using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The laser produced 420 fs pulses with up to 145 nJ of energy at a repetition rate of 14.5 MHz. The output spectrum was centered at 1030 nm. At the lower pulse energy of 100 nJ the laser produced 300 fs long pulses.


After analyzing the situation and the reason for emerging and developing of drug crimes between Fujian and Taiwan provinces,the author predicts the developing trend of such crimes,such as: more and more types of drugs will be used in the market in Fujian and Taiwan,the collusion of Fujian and Taiwan drug traffickers will be more and more complicated,the drug traffickers will move to other places after the strict administration of precursor chemicals.Therefore,the author raises the suggestion of fighting against the crimes that is to establish the drug-control intelligence exchange mechanism between Fujian and Taiwan as soon as possible,to enhance criminal judicial assistance between Fujian and Taiwan,to stick to the principle of strengthening the work in all aspects and to enhance the policing cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan as well as other area and countries.


This paper explores how contextual factors govern the meaning making of Chinese network catchphrases. Kovecses' context theory concerning metaphor studies is used as the theoretical framework to make a research into the metaphorical meaning making in Chinese network catchphrases. According to Kovecses, context in metaphor can be classified into four kinds, namely, situational context, discourse context, bodily context and conceptual-cognitive context, among which situational context can be further divided into physical environment situation context, social situation context and cultural situation context. By careful examination of Chinese network catchphrases from the contextual perspective, it is concluded that the meaning making of Chinese network catchphrases is not just a mapping process between two domains, a view that the traditional metaphor theory has always been adhering to, but a context-driven and emerging process in which various contextual factors have played their roles. And this conclusion seems to be more in line with the new discovery of the nature of human cognition, that is, embodied cognition.


This paper describes an analysis on the relationship between elemental image size and object locations in the computational integral imaging reconstruction and in the pickup using a periodically-distributed lenslet array. A sparse sampling effect arises from a periodically-distributed lenslet array in the pickup of 3D objects. The relationship between elemental image size and object location is also reported. Based on the analysis, a method to eliminate the sparse sampling is proposed. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental results are carried out. It turns out that the theory works.


The state policy in the Soviet Union regarding the formation of historical memory and commemorative practices is currently one of the most popular research areas for Russian scholars in the development of cultural and anthropological knowledge. In this context, the present study is of significant interest. Its purpose is to provide an analytical survey of the preparation and implementation of official jubilee events in 1929, which were organized on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Soviet power restoration in Siberia, based on unpublished materials from Soviet power bodies' paperwork and regional periodicals, using the Omsk district as an example. This study is presented for the first time in scientific circles. The theoretical basis of the research was the anthropological approach, the principle of systematicity, and the problem-chronological method. This methodological framework made it possible to analyze these regional celebrations as a reflection of state policy and the new common culture that was actively forming in the early Soviet society. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that the 1920s were a time for creating a pantheon of Heroes of the Revolution, establishing places of historical memory, and accumulating experience in organizing new public holidays closely related to the strengthening of communist ideology. This study is aimed at a broad audience of specialists interested in Soviet culture, society, the history of official holidays and commemorations in the USSR, and Soviet everyday life.


Introduction: All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been classified under the broad heading, "Kushta". Dadru is one among Kushta. It involves the clinical features like kandu, raga, pidaka, utsannamandala. Dadru kushta mostly simulates with 'Dermatophytosis' commonly referred to as ringworm which is highly contagious. In this study an effort has been made to evaluate the Dadrughna karma (Antifungal activity) of the oil prepared from Dadrughna (Cassia alata Linn) leaves.
Materials and methods: In the present study, action of Dadrughna (Cassia alata Linn) patra taila on Dadru kushta was evaluated in 32 subjects who were treated with Dadrughna patra taila as an external application twice a day for 30 days and follow up was done on 45th day. Assessment was done for subjective parameter-itching and objective parameters-distribution of lesion, severity of inflammation, extent of lesion.
Results: The effect of therapy was assessed before treatment, 15th day, 30th day of treatment and follow up was done on 45th day. The results were statistically analyzed; it showed significant changes in subjective parameter-itching (p<0.001) and Objective parameters- distribution of lesion (p <0.001), severity of inflammation (p<0.001), extent of lesion (p <0.001).
Discussion and conclusion: The external application of Dadrughna patra taila applied for 30 days has helped in reduction of itching, distribution of lesion, extent of inflammation and severity of inflammation where the taila was found more effective in reducing itching when compared to other symptoms
KEY WORDS: Dadru kushta, Dermatophytosis, Dadrughna (Cassia alata Linn), Dadrughna patra taila


The oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) for hemoglobin, which is usually expressed as a S vs. P plot, was expressed by normalizing P by P dmax , where S is oxygen saturation, P is partial pressure of oxygen, and P dm ax is P at which the slope of the usual OEC is maximized. The maximal slope of normalized OEC gives Pdmax'S' max , where S' max is the maximal slope of the usual OEC, a measure for the oxygen transport efficiency of hemoglobin. Here, the term "efficiency" is used in the sense that he oxygen release from hemoglobin becomes more sensitive to oxygen pressure changes as S' max becomes larger. An analysis using 38 sets of published oxygen equilibrium data for human adult hemoglobin under various experimental conditions howed that (a) expressing OEC by means of S vs. P/Pd ma x or S vs. log P is advantageous for analyzing the slope of OEC compared to usual S vs. P plot and (b) while the OEC differs depending on experimental conditions, S' max varies in close linear correlation to n max (the maximal slope of the Hill plot which measures oxygen binding cooperativity), and Pd max S' max is almost equal to n max /4. Thus, the parameter expressing oxygen transport efficiency is closely related to the parameter expressing oxygen binding cooperativity.


Increasing process variations and tolerance limits with successive scaling, along with rising costs per design cycle have made the fault-tolerance paradigm pertinent in RFICs. Due to the high frequencies involved, traditional fault-tolerance methods used in digital and lower frequency analog circuits cannot be applied. This paper presents a non-intrusive and robust technique of self-calibrating the gain and output match of LNAs. It involves very low overheads and does not degrade circuit performance in any measurable way, in addition to ultra-fast calibration times (lower than 50 mus). We present simulation results of the system designed in the IBM 0.25 mum process


This paper focuses on the observability analysis for a typical class of rigid-flexible coupling systems constituted of rigid-body mode (RBM) and the 1st elastic mode (EM). The measurements are the combination of RBM and EM states and the systems have uncertain dynamics and disturbances. The observability of both the original states and the "total disturbance" is systematically discussed. Firstly, the sufficient conditions of the observability for the systems with and without uncertainties are presented. Furthermore, the observable combinations of the states and disturbances are discussed under general conditions. Also, the extended state observer (ESO) design is presented. In addition, the theoretical results are demonstrated via the simulation on a rigid-flexible coupling flight vehicle.


Compact model extraction of phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer using system identification techniques is proposed to reduce post-layout simulation time. This is the first published compact model for PLL using system identification techniques. It features an autoregressive exogenous model for the charge pump and the loop filter with a lookup table for nonlinearity compensation and a radial basis function neural network for the voltage-controlled oscillator with nonlinear frequency-voltage relationship, thereby reducing the post-layout simulation time to 26% of the original circuits with the accuracy of 93%.


In this note,we describe the equivalent propositions on the rank of matrix by determinants,equivalent of matrix,system of linear equations,linear space,linear mapping and so on.On the contrary,we prove a property of the rank of matrix by the equivalent theorems.


Due to spatial separation between points of distribution and consumption, a vital feature of retailing is the provision of delivery services by customers, retailers, or transport intermediaries. Some store retailers, many Internet retailers, and most transport intermediaries use a "multizone pricing plan" or a "generalized N-zone menu plan". We extend spatial pricing theory to encompass multizone plans. We prove that the optimal number of zones varies with the level of demand "relative" to the spatial dispersion of customers, and with the cost of implementing a zonal plan. We show that a small number of zones capture almost all the profit attainable with a spatially discriminatory plan. Copyright Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2004


Through the analysis of the performance requirements of waterproof materials for asphalt concrete pavements on concrete bridge decks, this paper presents two key properties for evaluating waterproof materials, namely bond property and shear property. Based on the results of 'pull-out' testing and LLM testing, it is shown how these properties are influenced by material composition, ambient temperature and the condition of the concrete surface; this provides a scientific basis for the design and construction of waterproof materials.


Surface graininess and micelle size of n-dodecyl (octaoxyethylene glycol) monoether C12H25(OCH2CH2)8OH in an isotropic liquid phase (L1 phase) and a hexagonal mesophase (H1 phase) of an aqueous colloid were investigated through light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The micelle is almost spherical and the micelle radius remains about 28–30 A over a wide concentration range from the critical micelle concentration (ca. 4 · 10−5 g/ml) to 0.3 g/ml. The aggregation number is 70–80 and depends slightly on temperature. The specific inner surface Os of the spherical micelle is obtained from the tail portion (large angle region) in the SAXS curve. The value of Os of the micelle in the L1 phase is ca. 0.2 A−1 and this value is approximately twice as large as that of a smooth sphere. A new micelle model is also proposed.


Normal sera were stored at -90 C., -55 C., -20 C.room temperature (20 to 24 C.), and 37 C. from 24 hr. to 3 months. Complement activities of the stored sera were measured by hemolysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes and by an antiglobulin test assay. The antiglobulin test assay tested the ability of the stored sera to act as a source of complement in the two-stage EDTA antiglobulin test of Polley and Mollison,18 using human erythrocytes sensitized with nonagglutinating IgM Lewis antibody. Hemolytic assays closely paralleled antiglobulin assays. At levels below 60% complement activity there was a danger of missing weak complement-binding antibodies. An average of these assays showed that at 37 C. activity fell to 30% in 24 hr.; at room temperature activity was 40% at 48 hr., zero at 72 hr.; at 4 C. it was 90% at 72 hr. and 60% at 2 weeks. At -20 C. activity was more than 60% for 2 months, and at -55 C. and -90 C. more than 90% activity was retained at 3 months. Heparin was found to be anticomplementary when more than 5 units (0.05 mg.) of heparin per ml. of serum were present. More than 50 units (5 mg.) of heparin per ml. of serum were necessary before weak complement-binding antibody was missed completely by the antiglobulin test.


[see reaction]. Stable beta-phosphatoxy nitroalkanes, readily assembled by the Henry reaction and subsequent phosphorylation, serve as good precursors to alkene radical cations on treatment with triphenyltin or tributyl hydride and AIBN in benzene at reflux. When the beta-phosphatoxy nitroalkane is suitably functionalized with nucleophilic groups, substitutions can be achieved with the formation of heterocyclic rings. When the nucleophile is an allylamine, tandem processes occur giving pyrrolizidines.


Team-based learning (TBL™) is an active learning and teaching strategy where students have an active role in their learning. It is a method where the instructor facilitates learning, not lecture from the front of the room. TBL™ is also a very structured teaching strategy based on cognitive learning theory. Team formation, readiness assurance process, application activities and peer evaluation are the four pillars of TBL™. TBL™ has become popular and is a preferred teaching method in nursing education in many institutions. The aim of this article is to introduce the process of TBL™ and discuss its use in nursing.


Due to a demand for health care services growing twice as fast as the national economy over the next eight years, 5.6 million new jobs will be created, according to a study from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce.


Before the onset of the process of political transformation across the central and eastern European region in 1988-1990, the unions did not function as unions in the western sense. They were essentially a form of mass organisation designed to create the conditions for continuous production under the circumstances of a planned economy. In some countries, notably Hungary and Yugoslavia, the union structures were theoretically more decentralised than in others, but a feature shared by all state-socialist unions was that they were strictly organised on the basis of enterprises while simultaneously closing off the possibility for democratic participation of the membership. In addition to their production role within the workplace, they administered a variety of employment-related social benefits funded, generally speaking, from the enterprise budget. As a result, the unions were widely distrusted by large sections of the woryorce who essentially, and in many cases correctly, saw them simply as arms of management and the state.


This article proposes an automata-based model for describing and verifying the behavior of thread management code in the Linux PREEMPT_RT kernel, on a single-core system. The automata model defines the events that influence the timing behavior of the execution of threads, and the relations among them. This article also presents the extension of the Linux trace features that enable the trace of such events in a real system. Finally, one example is presented of how the presented model and tracing tool helped catching an inefficiency bug in the scheduler code and ultimately led to improving the kernel.


Muscle water holding capacity(WHC) is one of the most important meat quality that is closely correlated with other attributions such as color,flavor and tenderness.It is of great value to take research on WHC influencing factors for the improvement of meat quality and the reduction of economical loss.There are many factors that influence muscle WHC.However,very little work has been done in this field throughout our country.Therefore,the latest progress at home and abroad in the study on animal factors such as animal breeds and genotypes affecting the muscle WHC was reviewed in this article.


Effluent of producing cleaning products refers to the wastewater from cleaning reactors, filling equipments, drums, floors and so on. The effluent is usually discharged into the city sewer directly. With social development, technology advancement and improvement of environmental protection awareness, the effluent is stored separately according to classification, and then it is treated to reach the first level disposal standard or industrial water standard, so treated wastewater can be directly used in production, which not only can save production water, but also can achieve the goal of "zero discharge of effluent".


: The fate of arsenic sulfide sludge (ASS), a typical precipitation product of acid smelting wastewater, is readily affected by the surrounding conditions when deposited in environment. When exposed to sunlight, the dissolution and oxidation of ASS were markedly accelerated. However, the photocatalytic transformation mechanism of ASS is still unclear. Herein, the release and oxidation of As(III) in ASS under visible light was investigated by employing artificial arsenic sulfide with Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions. Results show that the coexisting ferric ions are critical to promote the photo-oxidation of As(III) released from the parental solid into As(V). The photo-oxidation rate can reach 149 µM/h in the presence of 0.5 mM Fe(II) ions at pH 1.3, ~5 times of that in the absence of Fe(II). The pH-dependent mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) stimulated by Fe(II) ions is proposed and verified. In acid conditions (pH 1.3 and 3), photo-generated hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were promoted by Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling catalysis with the assistance of the reductive sulfur species from ASS, e.g. S 2-and SO 32-, and thus accelerated the oxidation of As(III). While at pH 7, the nascent ferric hydroxide colloids enhanced the oxidation rate of As(III) via photo-induced ligand-to-metal-charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. These findings can help in predicting and controlling the fate of real arsenic-containing sludge in sunlit environments.


. Firstly, we give the definition of k-monogenic function with α -weight in Clifford analysis and discuss a series of properties of this function. Then, we get the Cauchy–Pompeiu formula for k-monogenic function with α -weight. Lastly, we prove the Cauchy integral theorem for k-monogenic function with α -weight.


Guidepath-based traffic systems is a pertinent abstraction that has been used extensively by the Discrete Event Systems (DES) community for the study of the traffic dynamics that take place in the automated unit-load material handling systems (MHS) encountered in various production and distribution facilities. A particular problem that has drawn extensive attention in the DES-based investigation of these systems, is the preservation of the system "liveness" i.e., the preservation of the ability of the system agents to complete successfully their currently allocated tasks and engage repeatedly to similar tasks in the future. The first part of this paper establishes that for a large subclass of the considered traffic systems, the preservation of their traffic liveness in a maximally permissive manner reduces to the observation of a particular property that must be possessed by the admitted traffic states. The second part of the paper provides some complexity analysis for assessing the aforementioned property on any given traffic state, under some further assumptions regarding the operation of the considered traffic systems and the structure of the traffic states under consideration. 11 The first author was partially supported by NSF grant ECCS-1707695 and the second author by the GARC project GC19-06175J.


Little research has examined whether romantic relationships promote or deter antisocial behavior over the transition to adulthood among women who offend in adolescence. We examined associations between partner deviance and offending for women who were sentenced to confinement within a juvenile correctional facility in adolescence. Most (73.6%) women dated deviant partners in adulthood. Women with deviant partners experienced significant continuity in violent crime between adolescence and adulthood, whereas those with nondeviant partners did not. Results held after controlling for age, relationship length, and peer deviance. Partner deviance was associated with increased nonviolent crime within adulthood, but did not moderate the continuity of nonviolent crime. Interventions targeting the development of prosocial relationships might help reduce violence among high-risk girls.


The New Haven School approach to resolving problems, be they domestic or international, is to employ five intellectual [tools] tasks that allow a rational, interdisciplinary analysis. Lasswell categorized the human wants into eight values or essential human strivings: power, wealth, respect, well-being, rectitude, affection, skill, and enlightenment. Human rights activists argue that because the world is more global and multinational corporations have greater financial worth than many nation-states, human rights laws should be interpreted to apply to multinationals. This chapter explores the various definitions external stakeholders have proposed for corporate social responsibility (CSR). According to Frederiksen, the study of moral theories of CSR is a new category of investigation that focuses on the normative aspect of CSR rather than the empirical investigations concerning the relation between CSR and financial performance.Keywords: corporate social responsibility (CSR); human rights; New Haven School; social problem


BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is on the CDC Watch List of Antimicrobial Resistance Threats yet there is no systematic surveillance to monitor change.

METHODS
We initiated surveillance in sexual health clinics in six cities, selecting a quota sample of urogenital specimens tested for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia. We abstracted patient data from medical records and detected MG and macrolide resistance mutations (MRM) by nucleic acid amplification testing. We employed Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sampling criteria (site, birth-sex, symptom status).

RESULTS
From October-December 2020 we tested 1,743 urogenital specimens: 57.0% from males, 46.1% from non-Hispanic Black people, 43.8% from symptomatic patients. MG prevalence was 16.6% (95%CI = 14.9-18.5) (site-specific range = 9.9%-23.5%) and higher in St Louis (aPR = 1.9; 1.27-2.85), Greensboro (aPR = 1.8; 1.18-2.79), and Denver (aPR = 1.7; 1.12-2.44) than Seattle. Prevalence was highest in people <18 years (30.4%) and declined 3% per each additional year of age (aPR = 0.97; 0.955-0.982). MG was detected in 26.8%, 21.1%, 11.8% and 15.4% of urethritis, vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), respectively. It was present in 9% of asymptomatic males and 15.4% of asymptomatic females, and associated with male urethritis (aPR = 1.7; 1.22-2.50) and chlamydia (aPR = 1.7; 1.13-2.53). MRM prevalence was 59.1% (95%CI = 53.1-64.8) (site-specific range = 51.3%-70.6%). MRM were associated with vaginitis (aPR = 1.8; 1.14-2.85), cervicitis (aPR = 3.5; 1.69-7.30), and PID cervicitis (aPR = 1.8; 1.09-3.08).

CONCLUSIONS
MG infection is common in people at high risk of STIs; testing symptomatic patients would facilitate appropriate therapy. Macrolide resistance is high and azithromycin should not be used without resistance testing.


Python has become one of the most popular pro-gramming languages in the era of data science and machine learning, and is also widely deployed in safety-critical fields like medical treatment, autonomous driving systems, etc. However, as the official and most widely used Python virtual machine, CPython, is implemented using C language, existing research has shown that the native code in CPython is highly vulnerable, thus defeats Python's guarantee of safety and security. This paper presents the design and implementation of PyGuard, a novel software prototype to find and understand real-world security vulnerabilities in the CPython virtual machines. With PyGuard, we carried out an empirical study of 10 different versions of CPython virtual machines (from version 3.0 to the latest 3.9). By scanning a total of 3,358,391 lines native code, we have identified 598 new vulnerabilities. Based on our study, we describe a taxonomy to classify vulnerabilities in CPython virtual machines. Our taxonomy provides a guidance to construct automated and accurate bug-finding tools. We also suggest systematic remedies that can mediate the threats posed by these vulnerabilities.


The Belle II experiment has accumulated data corresponding to 213 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at the SuperKEKB asymmetrc-energy e+e− accelerator and is performing well. While the data are being collected toward the final goal of 50 ab−1, which will allow searching for rare processes and high precision in spectroscopy, the current data already allow for performing analyses. We present here the analysis of B → KJ/ψπ+π− decays using a Υ(4S) data sample of 62.8 fb−1. We find an evidence for a X (3872) signal at a statistical significance of 4.6σ and confirm that the obtained branching fraction of B → Kψ(2S) agrees with the world average. When larger sample will be available, Belle II plans an even more interesting analysis of B → D?̄?π0K , where X (3872) is reconstructed in the D?̄?π0 channel in a pursuit for the natural width measurement.


The present invention relates to a process for the production of sheet molding compounds (SMC), in which the required glass fiber webs are inline generated and an inhomogeneity of 10% or less, a basis weight of 400 g / m Furthermore, the present invention describes resin mats comprising glass fiber webs of the present invention, which represent valuable intermediate products.


Communication networks are usually managed with network-oriented objectives such as throughput and latency. However, in military networks, these objectives are inappropriate; instead, objectives should be oriented to the mission and network stakeholder perspectives. A satisfactory objective function must exhibit the following characteristics: (i) operationally meaningful, (ii) sufficiently flexible, (iii) easy to modify, and (iv) implementable and optimizable in practice. In this paper, we present an approach to designing an implementable, operationally meaningful objective function.


Several recent articles have been written about the health implications of sugars, especially added sugars, to the food supply. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans key recommendations included choosing and preparing foods and beverages with little added sugars or caloric sweeteners. In 2004, the FDA Obesity Working Group recommended possible changes to the food label that centered on calories. The Nutrition Facts panel lists nutrients, including sugars, as the quantitative "amount per serving" (g). The value for sugars represents the sum of all free mono‐ and disaccharides. Added sugars are provided by name in the food ingredients list. To determine the mean intake of added sugars for individuals 2 years and older, we analyzed the USDA Food Pyramid Servings Database intake files for What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002. Teenagers and young adults had the highest intakes of added sugars. The primary sources of added sugars were the sugars, sweets, and beverages category, followed by grain products. Except for the very young and the elderly, the greatest contributor of added sugars in the diet was regular carbonated soft drinks. These results are consistent with previous findings on the consumption of added sugars in the United States. It is important to identify sources of nutrients from the food supply and their contribution to the overall diet in all age/gender groups.


A direct current glow discharge microplasma source permits ambient ionization directly and can provide fast and accurate in situ detection combined with a spectrometer. In this study, a stable microplasma-based detector for nerve agent detection has been developed. The innovative concept of this new nerve agent detector is to detect two parts of the nerve agent components, the element phosphorus and the organic part, CH radicals, at the same time. Because there are two detection targets, our microplasma-based detector has enhanced selectivity for nerve agents. The reasons for this characteristic are studied through comparing the emission spectra of the microplasma and microwave plasma. We suggest that it's the very low gas temperature of our microplasma source that makes it possible to excite the nerve agent molecules without decomposition or splitting of the CH component. Thus the spectrometer can detect the emission lines of the element phosphorus and the organic CH radicals simultaneously. The influence of discharge current and gas flow rate on phosphorus signal intensity has been investigated. The emission intensity of phosphorus at 253.6 nm increases linearly with the discharge current in our tested range, but non-linearly with the gas flow rate. The detection curve has been calibrated. The emission intensity at 253.6 nm is in proportion to the concentration of the specimen triethyl phosphate (TEP) in the range from 41 ppm to 500 ppm by volume. The detection limit was calculated to be 5 ppm by volume. Small size, low power, low cost, and high selectivity make our device very suitable for nerve agent scanning in the field.


The common feature of many theories and methodologies for mutually enhanced plant identification and model-based robust control design is to treat identification and design jointly. The authors propose an effective scheme for finding a stabilizing controller for an unknown and unstable plant with output disturbances. Our idea is to make successive use of the optimal parameter selection (OPS) technique for modelling the plant and the maximally robust control design technique for stabilizing it. We start by constructing an initial model with a limited amount of input-output data in the open loop environment by the OPS technique. Then, we proceed to design a controller which not only stabilizes the model but also achieves the greatest robustness with respect to perturbations around the model in a certain sense. Next, we apply the obtained controller to the plant, and then collect the input-output data of the closed-loop system. It is reasonable to expect that richer accountable data is obtainable in this improved closed-loop environment. This will enable us to use the OPS technique to construct a new model which will contain more information about the plant. This process can go on until a controller is found which stabilizes the plant.<<ETX>>


Leasing can result in lower payments and an option to buy, but also higher
interest rates Should you buy or lease your practice's premises, a needed piece of equipment,
or even those extra employees? Those are questions that face every urologist.


The problem of this study is (1) to expand the 980 division (designated by the term History: South America, Latin America, Spanish America) of the Dewey Decimal Classification for the history of Latin America as a whole and for national histories of several typical countries, and (2) to translate the expanded tables into Spanish.


The adenine misincorporated by replicative DNA polymerases (pols) opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) is removed by a specific glycosylase, leaving the lesion on the DNA. Subsequent incorporation of C opposite 8-oxo-G on the resulting 1-nt gapped DNA is essential for the removal of the 8-oxo-G to prevent G–C to T–A transversion mutations. By using model DNA templates, purified DNA pols β and λ and knockout cell extracts, we show here that the auxiliary proteins replication protein A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen act as molecular switches to activate the DNA pol λ- dependent highly efficient and faithful repair of A:8-oxo-G mismatches in human cells and to repress DNA pol β activity. By using an immortalized human fibroblast cell line that has the potential to induce cancer in mice, we show that the development of a tumoral phenotype in these cells correlated with a differential expression of DNA pols λ and β.


The stochastic resonance phenomenon consists of an increase in the response of a nonlinear dynamical system to a periodic signal when an optimal amount of noise is added to the system. Equivalently one can think of the phenomenon as the appearence of a modulation frequency, determined by the noise intensity and absent if noise is absent, for which the response is optimal. Stochastic resonance has been predicted and observed in physical, geophysical, and biological systems 1, 2, 3, 4] and represents an interesting example of noise-induced coherence. Brownian diiusion of adsorbed atoms on crystal surfaces with a periodic potential is a physical manifestation of thermal noise. In this case the jump rate follows an exponential activation law at low temperatures, and the diiusion coeecient can thus become vanishingly small at very low temperatures. If such a Brownian particle is coupled to a weak externally applied (electric) eld, its motion will still be restricted to one potential well if the energies involved in the applied eld are small compared to the energy barriers between wells. The simultaneous presence of both a small periodic driving and a small amount of thermal uctuations is, however, the classical combination leading to stochastic resonance: one can expect that the small response to the small applied eld will be greatly ampliied if noise intensity and modulation frequency match a stochastic resonance criterion. This has been reported by Gang et al. 6] in the one-dimensional case. The purpose of our work is to analyze the innuence of additional factors present in a real two-dimensional physical system but absent in the overdamped one-dimensional situation such as in Ref. 6]. Two such important factors are: (a) the geometry of the activation paths, and (b) the presence of nonnegligible inertial eeects. The combination of these two factors has been shown to play an important role for the diiusion process in the absence of an external eld 5]. We model the Brownian motion of an adsorbed atom in a spatially periodic potential created by the crystal atoms, and in the presence of an oscillating electric eld, by the following Langevin equation: M x + _ x + rU(x) = Esin(!t +) + ~ (t): (1) Here M is the mass, is the friction coeecient (we neglect memory eeects), E is the electric eld vector. ~ is stochastic thermal noise, with correlations given by the temperature T : h x (t) x …