Background: The stainless steel crowns (SSC) offers the advantage of full coronal coverage following pulpotomy or pulpectomy treatments. Despite careful crimping and contouring, gingival margins of SSCs are often less than perfectly adapted and lead to gingival inflammation. Luting cements play an important role in retention of crowns, obtaining a suitable marginal seal and reducing microleakage. So this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the microleakage and tensile bond strength of stainless steel crowns cemented with GC Fuji I cement, Rely XTM luting 2 cement and new self-adhesive cement that is Smart cemTM 2 cement. Material and methods: Tooth preparation was performed on 90 extracted primary molar teeth for SSC restoration. Two groups of 45 samples each for microleakage and tensile bond strength tests were performed and further subdivided into 15 for each of the three cement groups, cemented glass ionomer (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) or Smart cemTM 2 cement. The samples for evaluation of microleakage were then processed for dye penetration which was scored under a stereomicroscope and tensile bond strength was evaluated by Instron testing machine. Results: The data were analysed using version 20 of the SPSS. Mean microleakage value of Smart CemTM2 cement was less when compared to Rely XTM luting 2 cement (p<0.002**) and GC Fuji I cement (p<0.0001**) and it was statistically highly significant. Mean tensile bond strength of Smart CemTM2 cement was high when compared with GC Fuji I cement and Rely XTM luting 2 cement and it was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001**). Conclusion: Self-adhesive cements were more effective in reducing microleakage and they yielded higher tensile bond strength in cementing stainless steel crowns than adhesive cements.


Iodomethane, an ubiquitous biogenic metabolite, has been found to release metals into water from both polluted anoxic sediments and certain metal compounds. Reactions of water-insoluble binary and ternary sulfides with iodomethane gave methylsulfur compounds as determined by flame photometric gas chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Naturally occurring iodomethane may react with metal sulfides or metals under certain environmental conditions to generate water-soluble and/or volatile derivatives.


This article reports experimental data of density and ultrasonic velocity at the range from 278.15 to 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure of ethers used as additives in fuels (methyl tert-butyl ether ethyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl ether and diisopropyl ether). From the experimental data, temperature dependent polynomials were fitted and theoretical models were used to correlate these properties. The MTC Lattice Gas EOS is used to correlate simultaneously vapour pressures and volumetric properties. Free Length Theory is applied to estimate the ultrasonic velocity of the chemicals as a function of temperature, satisfactory predictions were obtained. The dependence of temperature showed by these magnitudes reveals a strong interaction at low values.


– The article is devoted to the problem of solid household waste disposal. A procedure is proposed for convering the organic part of solid household waste into fertilizers containing both organic (~40%) and mineral (~60%) components, i.e. representing an analogue of organomineral fertilizers. Due to the presence of pathogenic microflora in raw household waste, it seems unreasonable to use it without preliminary detoxication. A possibility is considered of using geothermal waters of Azerbaijan, coming to the ground surface with a temperature of 25–75°C and containing hydrogen sulfide, for disinfection of the pathogenic microflora of the organic ingredients of the solid household waste. The method involves treating the organic part of the waste with geothermal water followed by introducing natural additives of the local origin. For introducing micronutrient elements, a phonolite is added to the organic component of the waste, and a local shell limestone is used for regulating pH level of the resulting fertilizer. The influence of Н 2 S presence in the geothermal waters on the efficiency of disinfection of the raw materials is studied. The role of hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the geothermal waters in increasing the efficiency of disinfection is substantiated. ________________________________________________________________________________


The dispersion of longitudinal acoustic phonons has been measured by inelastic x-ray scattering in the sodium-chloride phase of CdTe at 7.5 GPa. A substantial increase of the phonon frequencies with respect to the dispersion curve at ambient pressure is observed in the momentum transfer region $Q$=3\char21{}10 nm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$: This corresponds to an increase of the sound velocity from 3100 m/s to 5100$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$300 m/s, in good agreement with extrapolations based on the equation of state.


This research discusses the influence of fiber surface treatment on the adhesive strength of the interface between carbon fiber and epoxy. The experimental results show that the adhesive strengths can be improved after the carbon fiber surface treated by either amino or coupling agent, which increases the ultimate tensile strength and young's modulus of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Furthermore, the coupling agent treatment is suitable for pultrusion process.


Purpose:To investigate the MRI imaging characteristics of pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytomas arising from sellar region in children.Methods:The MRI and clinical materials of 4 cases of pilomyxoid astrocytomas(PMA) and 13 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma(PA) proved by pathology results were reviewed retrospectively.Results:The mean age at presentation for PMA was 1.73 years,for PA was 3.28 years.MRI findings of 3 PMA were obviously enhancing solid tumor without peritumoral edema in the chiasmatic or hypothalamic region.One PMA was shown as a prominent heterogeneous enhancing solid tumor with mild edema at the optical pathway.MRI findings of 13 PA were various.Three cases of PA were shown as solid masses with prominent homogeneous enhancement.Six were shown as predominant solid enhanced masses with small cyst-like components peripherally or centrally.Three were shown as solid masses with mild heterogeneous enhancement and one solid mass without enhancement.Only 2 cases of PA had mild peritumoral edema.Two cases of PA were associated with NF-1.Conclusion:Both PMA and PA arising from sellar region are solid or predominant solid mass in children.PMA mainly occurrs in infants or very young children.Their typical MRI findings are solid mass with prominent enhancement.However,enhancement of PA has different patterns.It is very difficult to make differential diagnosis if young children with PA had solid mass with obvious enhancement.


This paper presents large-aperture photometric measurements of H-alpha + forbidden N II emission line strengths in 110 spiral galaxies. These galaxies represent three different samples of objects: (1) low surface brightness spiral galaxies; (2) galaxies of extreme arm classifications (flocculent versus grand design); and (3) galaxies with measured (B -H) colors which have been used to study the color-absolute magnitude relation for spiral galaxies. Details of the observations are given, and a comparison is made with previous work. Future papers will use this data to study the star-formation rates in the various samples. 13 refs.


Many studies based on spot locations have been conducted to improve highway design consistency to reduce accident rates. Traffic accidents had a strong relationship with environmental sustainability in terms of emissions and natural resources consumption. This study based on driving a simulator can produce continuous drivers' behavior profiles to facilitate analyzing the behavior on various curves' scenarios (with/without spiral). This paper studied the effect of the spiral transition curves on drivers' behaviors in terms of speed and lateral position with changing geometric features of horizontal curves at the two-lane rural highway. Seventy-two participants were selected to ride on 48 different curves. Curves of experimental track had 4 radii, 3 deflection angles, 2 directions and with/without spiral. Drivers' speed behavior studied at five specific locations at every curve, and 3 segments at studying the lateral position. Effect of spiral studied according to 3 approaches; changing radius, deflection angle, and direction of the curve. Briefly, spiral had significant in small radii curves and sharp deflection angles by increasing the average speed at curves and reduced tangent-to-curve speed reduction. Also, spiral decreased the lateral displacement at approach tangent and during the curve.


. This paper presents the first protocols for Proactive Secret Sharing (PSS) that only require constant (in the number of parties, n ) communication per party per epoch. By harnessing the power of expander graphs, we are able to obtain strong guarantees about the security of the system. We present the following PSS protocols:


Robert O. Briggs is Research Coordinator at the Center for the Management of Information at the University of Arizona and Director of Product Management at Ventana Corporation. As a researcher, he has published more than fifty scholarly works on the theoretical foundations for using collaborative technology to enhance group productivity, group creativity, and group satisfaction. His work on organizational transition to collaborative technology led to new insights about how to conceive of and deploy group support systems in order to create self-sustaining and growing communities of users. He is ranked by Decision Line as one of the most productive information systems researchers worldwide. As Director of Product Management at Ventana Corporation, Dr. Briggs applies research findings from the laboratory and the field to the development of new collaborative technologies, processes, and working environments, and oversees the future evolution of collaborative software products.


Abstract The validity of the reasons adduced by a group of excavators for the willful destruction of a temple pyramid at Tikal is questioned and a greater sense of responsibility among archaeologists is urged.


Kashihara[2] defined the Pseudo-Smarandache function Z by m(m+l) } Properties of this function have been studied in [1], [2] etc. 1. By answering a question by C. Ashbacher, Maohua Le proved that S(Z(n»-Z(S(n» changes signs infmitely often. Put d s,z (n) = I S(Z(n»-Z(S(s» I We will prove first that lim inf d s,z (n) ~ 1 (1) n-oo and (2) n-+oo p(p+l) Indeed, let n = , where p is an odd prime. Then it is not difficult to see that 2 Sen) = p and Zen) = p. Therefore, implying (1). We note that if the equation S(Z(n» = Z(S(n» has infinitely many solutions, then clearly the lim inf in (1) is 0, otherwise is 1, since


BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis disease is a chronic disorder starting in youth adulthood [1]. It is a neurodegenerative disturbance that attacks the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the presence of many inflamed lesions caused by demyelination which might result in loss of myelin sheath. These lesions are not specific ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered as one of the common chronic disorders. It affects young population which is commonly observed as inflamed lesions and caused by demyelination of the myelin sheath. It might consequently lead to loss of myelin sheath. These lesions are not specific to MS but could mimic several pathological conditions. They are hardly undifferentiated by medical imaging techniques. With the increased number of MS patients, who may have an actual disability. Therefore, the accurate diagnostic imaging of MS lesions has been highly demands. Aims: This paper aims to review the role of magnetic resonance imaging


Since Miocene time the ultramafic rocks in New Caledonia have been subjected to an insular tropical to subtropical climate. As a result of intense erosion with lateritic weathering during Mio-Pliocene time, the topography has been levelled off small rocky ridges dominated the vast foothill areas and the more or less swampy lowlands. The low areas were thus 'iron-capped'. The Plio-Quaternary tectonic activities uplifted, unbalanced, and fractured this peneplain surface, causing once again erosion and morphology inversions, and the 'iron-capped' relics dominated mesas. New foothill surfaces appeared, as a result of destruction of the 'iron-capped' lateritic areas, and these were in turn 'iron-capped' also.


To study the Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune cDNA SCD, various bioinformatic methods such as BLASTp, ProtScale were used to analyse and predict the feature and possible functions of the SCD cDNA sequence. We get the results: Von Heijine transmembrane analysis shows that the protein of SCD gene encoding was a alkalinity transmembrane protein. The protein is perhaps the effective medicinal component of fatty acid motabolism. Therefore, the functions of the S. maindroni de Rochebrune gene are valuable for further investigation.


With the pandemic having a knock-on effect on children's development and settings' finances, what CPD should practitioners be engaging with, asks Gabriella Jozwiak


We report a case of a 2-year old boy with cervicothoracic deformity with vertebral rib anomalies, neurenteric cyst, separate thoracoabominal enteric duplication cyst, concurrent intestinal malrotation, and dextroposition of the heart. This combination of abnormalities is very rare. When these lesions are suspected, the patient must be investigated carefully. This case is presented to show the importance of cross-sectional imaging (MR and CT) for surgical planning.


In order to learn about livestock and poultry manure pollution of Wangqing City,based on the investigation data of different domestic animals from 2000 to 2010 in Wangqing City,and according to the excreta parameters of different poultry manure and the amount of pollutants containing,the total emission of the livestock and poultry manure,the total quantity of pollutants and the lose of wastes were estimated.The results indicated that the total production of the animal livestock reached 101.60 million ton in Wangqing City,the livestock and poultry manure of the unit load of arable land is 24.69 t / hm2slightly higher than the national average weight,N,P per unit of pollutant capacity of arable land for 29.16 and 4.86 kg / hm2are both lower than the national average,respectively in 2006.Through the analysis,the livestock and poultry breeding industry has a certain influence on the environment of the Wangqing City,should strengthen the pollution treatment of livestock and poultry breeding industry.


In automotive radar systems in the 77 GHz range, integrated VCOs based on silicon germanium become more and more state-of-the-art. In the application of a frequency modulated continuous wave radar, a precise frequency modulation is a prerequisite for accurate measurements. In this paper, we investigate different topologies for the linearization of high frequency sweeps based on a direct digital synthesizer and an integer-N-PLL. The obtained results are viewed in terms of the phase deviation from the theoretical course.


While Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) has been shown to positively impact learning outcomes in the short-term, longitudinal research has demonstrated that gains diminish with time. It is important for research to demonstrate that this increasingly prominent technology is preparing young students for successful scholastic careers. The current longitudinal study explored the long-term impact of an adaptive CAI program on young students' literacy skills. Two cohorts of elementary school students used Waterford Early Learning (WEL) in kindergarten, first grade, or both kindergarten and first grade during the 2015-2016 and the 2016-2017 school years. The Developmental Reading Assessment (DRA) was administered to students at the end of the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 school years when students were in first or second grade. Scores of students in both cohorts who used WEL only during kindergarten or first grade (for one year only) or in kindergarten and first grade (for two years) were compared to scores of students who received traditional, teacher-directed classroom instruction. Analysis indicated a salient and persistent effect of CAI: One to two years after students stopped using the program, students who used WEL for one or two years outperformed students who did not use WEL. Additionally, evidence was found for a dosage effect: While all students who used WEL had higher end of year scores than students who did not use WEL, the largest effects were found for students with high CAI usage. The findings of the current study extend prior research which had found that better results within a single school year could scale with increased use of CAI. Given the evidence found for both a lasting benefit and a dosage effect, the current study endorses the sustained use and early implementation of CAI. 


ABSTRACT One of the most entrenched binary oppositions in archaeology and anthropology has been the agriculturalist vs hunter-gatherer-fisher dichotomy fuelling a debate that this paper tackles from the bottom-up by seeking to reconstruct full past diets. The Japanese prehistoric Jōmon cultures survived without fully-developed agriculture for more than 10,000 years. Here we compile a comprehensive, holistic database of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological records from the two ends of the archipelago, the northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido and the southernmost island-chain of Ryukyu. The results suggest Jōmon diets varied far more geographically than they did over time, and likely cultivated taxa were important in both regions. This provides the basis for examining how fisher-hunter-gatherer diets can fulfil nutritional requirements from varied environments and were resilient in the face of environmental change.


Abstract The chemistry of compounds containing the -SNSO or -SNSS chromophores is compared in the context of synthesis, structure, bonding, spectroscopic properties and reactivity.


Capnography provides continuous information regarding ventilation, perfusion and metabolism. The shape of the capnogram changes with specific disease conditions and mechanical faults in the breathing circuit. Here, we discuss a patient with heart disease who had significant cardiac oscillations on capnography and managed with low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). A 40-year-old, 45 kg female patient diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma was scheduled for staging laparotomy under general anaesthesia. The patient had a history of mitral valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease ten years ago. On preoperative evaluation, atrial fibrillation was present on electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly. Transthoracic 2-D echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid regurgitation, moderate pulmonary artery hypertension, and right atrial and ventricular enlargement with right ventricular dysfunction. The left ventricle ejection fraction was 60%, and the right ventricular systolic pressure was 45 mmHg. On the day of surgery, the patient was wheeled inside the operating room, standard monitors were attached, and an arterial line was secured in the left radial artery. After pre-oxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) fentanyl, etomidate and vecuronium, and the trachea was intubated with a


The invention relates to a method and system for recording electric power system teaching courseware. The method includes the following steps that S01, a camera is provided for recording teaching videos and outputting a teaching video signal; S02, a PC is provided for providing a PPT courseware signal and an audio signal; S03, a switching table is provided for receiving the teaching video signal, the PPT courseware signal and the audio signal and pooling data; S04, a recorder is provided for receiving a signal generated after the data are pooled by the switching table; S05, a video workstation is provided for receiving an output signal of the recorder and outputting needed teaching courseware videos. The method and system for recording the electric power system teaching courseware achieve low-cost teaching courseware recording and meet ever-growing teaching courseware making requirements.


Summary During primary processing of poultry, a massive cross-contamination takes place by Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacter. Developing a cost-effective intervention requires a thorough knowledge of these routes. Faeces may be released during hanging, stunning and bleeding, but also during scalding, and plucking. This explains why earlier interventions like multistage scalding resulted in lower counts in the scalding water, but not necessarily in lower counts on the skin after plucking. Feed withdrawal leads to less physical contents of the intestinal tract, but also to increased counts of Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacter. To address this, equipment was developed to exert an external pressure on the abdominal skin, to force faeces out of the lower intestinal tract, just before scalding, and to remove the released faeces from the carcass directly, by a set of nozzles. To validate the performance, this equipment, called the Preventer, was installed in one of two practically identical slaughter lines, fed with the same flock. Microbiological research by an external lab revealed that Enterobacterial counts in both scald tanks of the test line were significantly lower during the 4 test days. After plucking, Enterobacterial counts of breast skin samples in the test line were also significantly lower. During two test days, Campylobacter-positive flocks were processed. Campylobacter species were generally not detected in the scald water of 52o C (log10 cfu/ml < 1,3), but breast skin samples after plucking showed an average Campylobacter count of log10 cfu/gr = 3,71 in the reference line and 3,21 in the test line. It is concluded that this intervention significantly contributes to reduced bacterial counts (Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter) after plucking, and should be considered as Good Manufacturing Practice. This intervention could be a useful basis for decontamination, both for principal as for technological reasons.


A series of Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.0) composite oxides were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Gold catalysts with 1% loading supported on CeO2,ZrO2,and Ce1-xZrxO2 were prepared by the modified impregnation method. The effect of Zr/Ce molar ratios on the activity for low-temperature CO oxidation and water-gas shift reaction was studied. All samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The results showed that compared with pure CeO2 and ZrO2,the surface area of Ce1-xZrxO2 increases and its pore diameter decreases slightly. The presence of zirconium oxide in cerium oxide makes the reduction of cerium ions on the surface more difficult whereas it makes the reduction of the cerium ions in the phase easier. Loading gold particles onto Ce1-xZrxO2 support improves the reduction of the support,and good dispersion of gold particles is found on ZrO2 and Ce1-xZrxO2 supports due to the strong interaction between the gold particles and the oxide supports. These catalysts show good activity for low-temperature CO oxidation and water-gas shift reaction in the order Au/ZrO2Au/Ce1-xZrxO2Au/CeO2. However,Au/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 gives higher activity with 80% CO conversion at 623 K for water-gas shift reaction. Large pore diameter of ZrO2 and Ce1-xZrxO2 with respect to CeO2 is responsible for the high activity.


Background: Low hemoglobin concentration and unfeasible body mass index adversely affect the health of people, consequently increasing morbidity and mortality among them. Hemoglobin concentration among individuals is associated with their body mass index. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is higher among underweight and overweight/obese people compared to those with normal BMI. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between hemoglobin concentration and BMI of undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 210 undergraduate medical students. Body mass index was calculated and hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli's hemoglobinometer. Correlation between hemoglobin concentration and body mass index of subjects was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: Underweight students had lowest mean hemoglobin concentration and the mean hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly (p<0.001) with increase in the BMI of subjects. A highly significant positive correlation (r=0.307, p<0.001) between BMI and hemoglobin concentration was observed. Further, significant positive correlation was observed among males (r=0.268, p=0.013), students with normal BMI (r=0.283, p=0.003) and overweight students (r=0.415, p=0.035) only.Conclusions: Hemoglobin concentration and BMI show a positive correlation, however this correlation tends to become negative in obese individuals. As both low hemoglobin concentration and unfeasible body mass index have detrimental effects on the health, diligent screening and management of both is essential for better outcome.


When Dickson Mwansa's The Cell was performed in Zambia in 1980 it won extraordinary applause and two substantial prizes. But approbation turned to disapproval when his production of his own play was on the point of going abroad to represent Zambian drama. In the article which follows Dickson Mwansa gives his own account of the rise and fall of The Cell. The author, who wrote the article in Ontario while doing a year's M. Ed. course, now teaches at the Centre for Continuing Education at the University of Zambia.


In this study we present three-dimensional radiative cooling hydrodynamical simulations of galactic winds generated particularly in M82-like starburst galaxies. We have considered intermittent winds induced by SNe explosions within super star clusters randomly distributed in the central region of the galaxy and were able to reproduce the observed M82 wind conditions with its complex morphological outflow structure. We have found that the environmental conditions in the disk in nearly recent past are crucial to determine whether the wind will develop a large scale rich filamentary structure, as in M82 wind, or not. Also, the numerical evolution of the SN ejecta have allowed us to obtain the abundance distribution over the first 3 kpc extension of the wind and we have found that the SNe explosions change significantly the metallicity only of the hot, low-density wind component. Moreover, we have found that the SN-driven wind transports to outside the disk large amounts of energy, momentum and gas, but the more massive high-density component reaches only intermediate altitudes smaller than 1.5 kpc. Therefore, no significant amounts of gas mass are lost to the IGM and the mass evolution of the galaxy is not much affected by the starburst events occurring in the nuclear region.


Building, or re-building, states after war or crisis is a contentious process. But why? This book argues that to best answer the question, we need to engage with the people who are supposedly benefiting from international 'expertise'.
This book challenges and enhances standard 'critical' narratives of statebuilding by exploring the historical experiences and interpretive frameworks of the people targeted by intervention. Drawing on face-to-face interviews, archival research, policy reviews and in-country participant-observations carried out over several years, the book challenges assumptions underpinning
external interventions, such as the incapacity of 'local' agents to govern and the necessity of 'liberal' values in demanding better governance. The analysis focuses on Mozambique, long hailed as one of international donors' great success stories, but whose peaceful, prosperous, democratic future now hangs in the balance. Its conclusions underscore the significance of thinking with rather than for the targets of state-building assistance, and appreciating the historical and material conditions which underpin these reform efforts.


There are many different index structures for servicerepositories, such as sequential index, inverted index and multilevelindices that includes three deployments. Different servicesets maybe have different characteristics that may affect performancefrom different aspects. What characteristic could affectretrieval performance? How to select an optimal storage structurefor a given service set? To address these issues, this paperanalyses five indexing models and proposes expectation of traversedservice count to estimate performance of service retrieval. The proposed expectation formulas of five indices reveal whatdifferent characteristics of a service set could affect its retrievalperformance for different indices. Experimental results validatecorrectness of the proposed formulas.


We derive an exact formula for the covariance of Cartesian distances in two simple polymer models: the freely jointed chain and a discrete flexible model with nearest-neighbor interaction. We show that even in the interaction-free case, correlations exist as long as the two distances at least partially share the same segments. For the interacting case, we demonstrate that the naive expectation of increasing correlations with increasing interaction strength only holds for a finite range of values. Some suggestions for future single-molecule experiments are made.


The present invention relates to a method of cleaning at least one optical element of at least one illumination device comprising at least one light source generating in the vacuum vessel, in particular extreme ultraviolet and / or soft X-rays. Light is guided to the workpiece through the optical element. The optical element is polluted for inorganic materials at least in part introduced by the light source. In the above method, depending on the prevailing reaction conditions, substantially translucent or transparent at least one reaction partner (124) is added through the supply system (126) to the beam (118). Reaction partners to remove it by chemical reaction with deposits pollution (128) from the optical element (110).


An analysis is made of data from a number of field investigations concerning the influence of steady‐state broad‐band noise on the hearing of workers, exposed to it continuously for eight hours a day. The results relate to exposure times ranging from 10 to 40 years and to noise with noise‐rating numbers for 500 to 2000 Hz (NR) ranging from 75 to 98 or sound levels from 80 to 103 dBA. Noise‐induced shifts of the median hearing levels as well as shifts indicated at the 90th, 75th, 25th, and 10th percentiles, were determined for seven frequencies between 500 and 8000 Hz as a function of exposure years and sound level. The variability in hearing levels associated with noise exposure was shown to be constant after ten exposure years and an increasing function of sound level at each frequency except 4000 Hz. At this frequency, the variance in hearing levels decreased with increasing sound level. The limit of permissible noise exposure, defined as the maximal level which did not cause measurable noise‐induced shift in hearing levels of workers exposed to it irrespective of exposure years, was shown to be NR 75 or 80 dBA. An acknowledgment is made of the need for hearing‐conservation measures given exposure conditions which exceed 80 dBA.


For suiting the genetics teaching to the rapid development of the subject,the genetics curriculum group is established as 'one centre,three directions' tentatively, namely take the genetics as the core, take the branches of genetics, the disciplines reflected modern development of genetics and the popular disciplines of genetics as three directions.The experiment and practice teaching, the modernized teaching method and the teaching means of genetics curriculum group are pondered as well.


to be possessed by them. Her previously experienced trances are not true possession for the spirit is not believed to have entered the woman. True possession .occurs during ordinai-~ meetings of -the Ombudi congregation. At these the possessed women dance lasciviously and display aggressive behaviour. They violently and eventually pass into convulsive trances accompanied by .foaming. When the convulsions stop, the women become quieter and may then speak in the voices of the spirits. After the spirits disappear, the women enter violent trances for approximately one hour. These are followed by a great show of aggressiveness; the women shout and gesticulate. At this point the women are restrained by but this not prevent some of them from a last display of aggressiveness which often culminates in their tied


Diverticular disease is a common condition predominately found in western developed countries, prevalence increases with age. Although a number of people are affected by diverticular disease a considerable amount are asymptomatic. The causes of diverticular disease are often unknown; however, alterations in the wall of the intestine and a diet that lacks fibre contribute. The signs and symptoms of the disease vary and maybe different depending on each individual. This article discusses the possible causes of diverticular disease, the signs and symptoms, investigations that may be used to make a diagnosis and the care and treatment available are outlined. The role and function of the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner are included. Teaching points are outlined and finally a glossary is provided.


The technical biography of Giuseppe Venturoli is presented with emphasis on the novel ideas he introduced and which contributed to the development of the science of hydraulics. He analyzed and performed experiments on flow through pipes and established the resistance formula in much the same form as known today. Moreover, it was he who first analyzed correctly the inertial aspect of flow establishment and who presented for the first time the elementary backwater differential equation for rectangular channels.


And under high temperature conditions, such as soldering by the reflow method also provides a curing composition to obtain the hard cured resin to yellowing. The curable composition of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises at least an organic sulfur compound of one member selected from the cationic polymerizable compound and a thiol compound, a dithiol compound, sulfide compounds and disulfide compounds. As the organic sulfur compound is preferably a compound having a boiling point of not less than 100 ℃. The cationic polymerizable compound is preferably an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound and a compound of at least one member selected from a vinyl ether compound.


In this paper, a folded reflectarray antenna operating at Ka band is presented. A crossed-dipole element, which is able to provide a tuning phase range of more than 420° is used to construct the reflectarray. Simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the design. With the overall size of 210 mm × 210 mm × 45.5 mm, a peak gain of 27.3 dBi and a 3 dB-gain bandwidth of 27.7–31 GHz have been achieved in measurements. Sidelobe levels are less than −20.5 dB and −18.5 dB in the E and H planes, respectively.


In this paper we will discuss about the development of Supply Chain Information Risk Management Model based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model. The development of this model begins with identifying the categories of information sharing, the risk factors that affect the information flow and also mitigation activities which could reduce information risk factors in a supply chain. The model which provides an overview of information risks in a supply chain is validated via the Delphi technique. This model could assist a manager to make the t decisions in solving and mitigating problems involved.


This study aimed to develop a short music-movement program and evaluate its effectiveness in improving elementary school pupils' motor skills. Two hundred forty-five pupils (10.5±.526 years) randomly assigned into intervention and control group participated in the study. The pupils performed two tasks, selected from the Bruinninks Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test (2nd edition) related to rhythmic coordination: (a) Dribbling a ball-Alternating hands and (b) Stepping sideways over a balance beam. All Participants completed the tests before, immediately after and two months after the implementation of the program. Pupils in the intervention group attended the music-movement program during the warm-up phase of the standard Physical Education (PE) lesson, whereas those in the control group attended the regular PE warming up according to the national curriculum. The program was implemented for 13 weeks twice a week. The results of the ANOVA with repeated measures on time revealed a significant improvement of both motor skills in intervention group pupils as compared to control group pupils. A follow-up measurement indicated that the effect of the program was maintained two months after the intervention. The findings of the study support the effectiveness of a music-movement program during the warm-up phase of the PE lesson on fifth and sixth grade pupils' motor skills. Keywords: motor skills, physical education, music-movement, intervention program, warm-up phase, rhythmic coordination DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-21-11 Publication date :July 31 st 2019


The ordered distribution of aluminium or gallium atoms in the framework of zeolite L has been determined by analysing 29Si magic-angle-spinning (m.a.s.) n.m.r. spectra. As a first step, an ideal crystal with no defects was investigated; subsequently a small number of defect atoms were introduced and a best fit was obtained between calculated and observed 29Si n.m.r. spectra. Zeolite L has a doubled c constant and belongs to the space group symmetry P63. The proposed model explains the geometries and properties of extra-framework cation sites.


Our study "Evidence for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Anterior Uveitis: A Pilot Cohort Study" investigated the effect of ancient liver drugs Danggui Longhui Wan in treating anterior uveitis


In this article, a new look at old material, pottery, is presented, as the technology and operational sequences of pottery from the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovenia is mostly understudied. Here, the focus is on 5 th and 4 th millennia BC artefacts from the eastern part of Ljubljansko barje and sites, such as Resnikov prekop, Maharski prekop and Breg near πkofljica. The pottery was studied with a hand lens and petrographically, using an optical polarising microscope. The results were then compared to analyses of locally gathered clays and sediments. Pottery traditions at Resnikov prekop and Breg were different from those at Maharski prekop, although the vessels from all three sites were produced locally and mostly made from local material, but with different recipes or fabrics. The selection of raw material, the shaping and decorating of pots, their firing and use were probably more related to different traditions and individual choices of potters at these sites than to purely technological choices.


The number of national research and development(R&D) projects have been continually increased, and it is necessary that the efficiency of investment of R&D projects have been improved during the last two decades. also the government has improved national R&D process and supporting tools for the projects. However, it is not enough to develop a quality model to evaluate the projects systematically. Therefore, a quality model for national R&D projects need to be revised. The quality model for the projects should be based on the global standard(ISO/IEC 9126). In this paper, the authors proposed a quality model for national R&D projects and took a case study for verification of the quality model. The quality model is defined in terms of functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, portability and maintainability. Also, the authors suggest metrics for measuring the quality of products or services. finally, The productivity and quality of national R&D projects will be improved by the quality model.


A kind of two species ecological model was considered in this paper.Using the me- thod of homotopy analysis,the approximation of the solution for the model was obtained.The approximation solution was compared with the analytic solution and numerical solution in com- petitive system and free system,respectively.The result showed that the method is feasible for the ecological model studies.


This research aimed at evaluating the sampling grids to determine the spatial soil mechanic resistance penetration (RP) in an area cultivated with elephant grass. Data analysis showed that the highest PR values occurred at the 0.10-0.30 m layer. As for the geostatistical analysis, the RP presented spatial dependence for all layers and sample meshes and the sampling mesh of 20 x 20 m, presented a higher amount of informations.


Objectives: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, the impact of iron deficiency anemia on maternal and fetal outcome and to reduce the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy by antenatal detection and iron supplementation. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital from 1 st June to 31 st December 2010 .(6 months ongoing study) Patients and methods: All pregnant women attending outpatient department and emergency unit of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital for antenatal and delivery with a hemoglobin concentration of <11/dl were included in the study and their obstetric outcome was monitored through follow up. The patients were divided into mild anemia (Hb 8 -10.9 g/dl) moderate anemia (Hb 4—7.9 g/dl) and severe anemia (Hb, 4g/dl).Hb estimation was done in lab of SGRH on automated counter. All pregnant ladies attending Gynae III department of SGRH for antenatal or delivery during study period. All women with anemia who were not pregnant and all pregnant ladies diagnosed with anemia due to other causes including thalassemia or Sicke cell anemia. Results: During a 6 month study 661/1128 women were admitted in Gynae unit III with hemoglobin concentration of <11g/dl with a total admission of 1128.. Frequency of iron deficiency anemia is 58.5%. 649 women (98%) of them had moderate anemia (Hb 7—10.9g/dl). and.63 women (9.5%) women had severe anemia (Hb <4g/dl) and 69 women (10.4%) had mild anemia ( Hb 8—10.9g/dl). Out of these 661 women 99 women(15.0%) presented with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and delivered before 37 completed weeks. 13 women (2%) presented with abruption , 99 (15%) pregnancies were complicated with pre-eclampsia. Postpartum hemorrhage was seen in 79 women (12%) uterine atony was the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage. 4 women ( 0.6 % ) underwent obstetric hysterectomy for uncontrolled PPH, out of which one expired( 0.15% ) due to cardiac failure staying on ventilator for six days.. Ceasarean section was done in 86 women (13%) due to fetal distress. 216 babies (32.7%0 were low birth weight < 2000g. the neonatal admission rate was high but all babies survived. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is a major health probelum among women of reproductive age group, particularly in developing countries. Preterm labour, Prelabour rupture of membranes, prematurity, low birth weight and abruption and preclampsia are common in pregnancy complicated with iron deficiency anemia.


We report on the real-time structure formation and growth of two thiophene-based organic semiconductors, $5,{5}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-bis(naphth-2-yl)-$2,{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-bi- and $5,{5}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$-bis(naphth-2-yl)-$2,{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$:${5}^{\ensuremath{'}},{2}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$-terthiophene (NaT2 and NaT3), studied in situ during vacuum deposition by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and supported by atomic force microscopy and photoabsorption spectroscopy measurements on corresponding ex situ samples. On device-relevant silicon dioxide substrates, for both molecules the growth is observed to transition from two-dimensional (2D) layer-by-layer growth to three-dimensional (3D) growth after the formation of a few-molecule-thick wetting layer. The crystal structure of the NaT2 film is considerably more ordered than the NaT3 counterpart, and there is a significant collective change in the unit cell during the initial stage of growth, indicating strain relief from substrate induced strain as the growth transitions from two to three dimensions. In addition, the orientation of the film molecules are controlled by employing substrates of horizontally and vertically oriented few-layer molybdenum disulfide. Both molecules form needle-like crystals on horizontally oriented ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ layers, while the NaT3 molecules form tall, isolated islands on vertically oriented ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ layers. The molecules are standing on silicon dioxide and on vertically oriented ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$, but lying flat on horizontally oriented ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$. These results demonstrate the importance of film-substrate interactions on the thin-film growth and microstructure formation in naphthyl-terminated oligothiophenes.


The portuguese Naval Academy (NA) has a significant failure rate, losing about half of the admitted individuals during the course. This work aims to understand the causes associated to low income, through the analysis of the data of the individuals from the application to the end of the course, in order to identify the characteristics of individuals with greater and less likely to succeed in the NA. This work was started in [1]. In an initial phase, some techniques of descriptive statistics of data analysis were used. The first step of this analysis, the candidates are analyzed independently, and the admitted and the finalists are analyzed together comparing the variables at the beginning and at the end of the courses. Simple statistical inference techniques were used [10], namely confidence intervals, parametric tests, contingency tables. Such analysis was completed in [11] using intermediate level inference techniques, namely analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the present manuscript we intend to complete this approach using a general linear models approach [7, 12] and factorial analysis [2, 3, 4, 5]. The study evidences greater success for individuals entering in NA with better grades and for individuals taking notice of the application competition over the internet.


The percent tick rejection upon feeding on DNA-immunised chicken had fluctuated between 74.64 ± 6.33 and 89.39 ± 3.15%. The reaction between the DNA-vaccinated chicken serum and the tick salivary gland proteins by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was positive and ranged between 0.190 ± 0.01 and 0.306± 0.012 absorbency units (AU) for the doses 200 and 800 µg DNA/kg chicken body weight, respectively. The check control was 0.139.± 0.017 AU. On the other hand, no positive reaction was detected by using the same chicken sera and Hyalomma dromedarii salivary gland proteins as non-specific antigen. There were positive reactions through ELISA against the gut proteins of A. pericus in sera collected after the first injection compared to the control group. After the second injection, the most significant effect was recorded for the vaccine DNA concentration 200 µg (0.375 ± 0.02 AU), then 1000 µg (0.269 ± 0.037 AU) and 600 µg (0.228 ± 0.011 AU). The concentration of 400 µg also increased the immune response of the chicken against the gut proteins after the fourth week, when the titration absorbance was 0.516 ± 0.014 AU compare with the control 0.077 ± 0.015 AU. The absence of non-specific reaction against the H. dromedarii gut protein proved that the antibodies in the serum of the DNA vaccinated chicken were specific for the A. persicus gut proteins. The electrophoretic pattern of the immunized chicken serum showed three new protein bands at the Rf 0.089, 0.0163 and 0.369 with molecular weights 225, 170 and 83 kDa, respectively. These protein bands indicated the development of the immune defense of the chicken against ticks.


Particle filters (PF) are widely used in the Vision literatur e for visual object tracking. Various schemes are proposed in the literature. Meanwhile, the selection and the tuning of the observation pdf (or likelihood function) involved in th e particle weighting stage are often eclipsed. These considerations have a strong influence on the tracking performance, especially for human motion capture (HMC) due to the high number of degrees of freedom and the presence of local extrema in the state space. In this paper, we propose an exhaustive study in order to compare the impact of the filtering strategy and the chosen measurements on the final system so that the optimal filter/measure association can be achieved. The proposed method is illustrated in the HMC context and the assessments are done w.r.t. a ground truth provided by a commercial HMC system. The presented observations show the major importance of the measurement functions in front of the filtering strategy. These insights lead to some heuristics dedicated to help the practitioner in tackling the difficult problem of the likelihood function tuning.


Abstract : The study of major organ dysfunction in trauma required an appropriate small animal trauma model as, at the time of the study, the few described in the literature were not reproducible. Furthermore, in order to understand trauma induced biochemical alterations in fatty acid metabolism, a reproducible and accurate measure of plasma free fatty acids was required, since the methods in use were conspicuously nonselective, relatively slow, and often not reproducible. Initial objectives were therefore to develop a rapid and accurate method of determining free fatty acids and to select a small animal model on which trauma studies could be performed. As work progressed, it also became necessary to develop and refine some of the assay procedures.


Anaerobic digestion is a natural process of transforming organic matter into energy by methanogenic bacteria. This process is performed in the digesters in the absence of oxygen, they produce biogas composed mainly of methane (CH4) which is a combustible natural gas we can used in everyday life. In this work, we produced biogas using a continuous digester with a capacity of 4m3 and after the biogas purification; we used methane produced to run the generator to produce electricity. The results are very encouraging, where we have to produce electricity and cover the daily needs of the Algerian individual in electricity using 1m3 of biogas from our digester


Research of gray cast iron was established to study physical-mechanical properties in microstructure while apply a layer on steel basis of work tool's soil-tilling. Gray cast iron went through preliminary heat treatment, where gray cast iron hardening with temperature of 750…1050 °C with following water quenching. Research program including: comparison analysis of reference specimen and specimens which were went through heat treatment. Researching material was applied on work tool's soil-tilling with two methods: arc surfacing and elcetrosparck surfacing. Microstructure of welding layer after arc welding and electrospark welding was studied. Therefore was found out that elecrosparck method gave opportunity to obtain wear resistant layer for a few run, also structure and basis of gray cast iron doesn't change. Coarse graining doesn't spot in pad weld, which is beneficial for properties. Measurement of welding layer's hardness is bigger than base metal and there is no softening of basis. Field tests of hardened products which have shown that to use effectively gray cast iron with heat treatment for hardening, because quality and coating thickness is meeting the requirements of abrasive resistance and there are no spotted significant changes of geometrical dimension for soil-tilling implement.


The NATO TSGCEE started the Project Group 6 (AC/302 SG/11 PG/6) initiative in 1989. The nations participating in PG/6 have signed the Memorandum of Understranding, which is titled: 'Cooperative prefeasibility studies for Tactical Communications Systems for the Land Combat Zone - Post 2000'. The aim of PG/6 is the development of standards for a land-based, interoperable Tactical Communications System for the post 2000 era.


Purpose: This thesis seeks to contribute with knowledge of how the consumer-based brand equity can be affected by CSR communication in the business of aviation.
Method: In order to reach the purpose of this essay we used mixed methods; carried out a quantative survey, a qualitative interview with SAS head of CSR and conducted a content analysis of SAS CSR communications
Conclusion: If an airline takes social responsibility its consumer-based brand equity can be influenced in a positive direction. This finding has been reached through the understanding that the respondents have answered that they can experience positive as- pects if an airline communicates CSR.The analysis indicates that SAS is not communi- cating CSR to the extent the company is working with it. Environmental issues are the focus of both the CSR within the company and the CSR communication, but the respondents do not have a large awareness of SAS CSR. Nor have they large awareness about SAS social and economic work. Through further analysis, identified results suggest that the SAS brand equity is strengthened through their CSR communication. Although CSR can affect brand equity, the results indicate that there are other factors that the respondents priorities higher, such as price. However, CSR has the potential to become an influential factor of higher rank in the future and therefore there may be a rea- son for SAS to expand their CSR communication


Laser Doppler velocimetry has developed as a powerful enabling technology within a myriad of realistic scenarios. While existing toolkits that exploit optical vortex allow access to longitudinal linear velocimetry and/or transverse rotational velocimetry of a motion object, achieving high-accuracy transverse translation velocimetry is still an open challenge. Here, we overcome this restriction by breaking the prevailing single-point metrological paradigm, instead employing dual-point transverse Doppler effect of customized orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) light fields as our pathway. We show that the dual-point transverse Doppler shifts can be generated and detected in a single velocimetry geometry for the first time, thereby enabling the determination of arbitrary transverse translation velocity. In particular, we demonstrate that the limited frequency resolution causes the velocimetry deviation and increasing the sampling duration can thus effectively improve velocimetry accuracy. As a consequence, a high-accuracy transverse translation velocimeter with a relative error below 0.08% has been well-established. Our validated findings not only provide a profound insight into the interaction of OAM with macroscopic motion object but also may find potential applications in clinical medicine, astronomical observation, and industrial manufacturing.


An advance in our knowledge of the price mechanism requires research into the pricing practices of individual firms. Recent studies have extended our knowledge of pricing in large firms, though they leave considerable disagreement about the interpretation of the findings.' Pricing in small firms is a relatively neglected subject. This article tries to fill in part of this gap by summarizing the main findings of an extensive study of small business pricing.2 The study is based on intensive interviews with the officials of 88 small firms. The firms include 26 retailers, 6 wholesalers, 21 service outlets, 28 manufacturers, 5 garden or landscape nurseries, and 2 combined retail and service firms.3 The study makes use of an interview and case approach, rather than the structural questionnaire technique. It tries to overcome the tendency to accept the initial responses of company officials as valid by follow-up interviews at later dates and by cross-checks on the responses of different officials. Throughout an attempt is made to uncover the deeper reasons for the pricing decisions, rather than to take at face value all of the rationalizations of


Banking system is central nervous system of any nation and cyber security and computational law is a major problem of banking system. The main aim of this research work is to examine the efficiency of cyber security and computational laws in Nigerian banking system, in this survey research method were used both primary and secondary data were used which includes; questionnaire, interview and internet were used in this work the data were analyzed using correlation and regression technique and Chi-square were used to test the hypothesis. From the Chi-square (x2) distribution table, the degree of freedom 3 under the level of significance (0.05) = 7.8 15. Since the x2 calculated is greater than x2 statistical value i.e. 9.389>7.815, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This means there is an efficiency of cyber security law in the Nigerian banking system.


Transducer is the main product which the giant magnetostrictive material applied for and Terfenol-D rod is the core component of the giant magnetostrictive transducer. Using ANSYS software analyzed the radial distribution rules of internal magnetic field intensity on Terfenol-D rod in high-frequency driven, which provided the theoretical guidance for reasonable and effective application of magnetostrictive material.


Objective:To investigate the influence of"Sijunzi Decoction"on the pharmacokinetics of Cefadroxil in rats of spleen deficiency.Methods:Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups:NS(normal rats given 0.9%saline solution), NS+SJZT(normal rats given 0.9%saline solution and"Sijunzi Decoction"),R(rats pretreated with Reserpine) and R +SJZT(rats pretreated with Reserpine and then cured with Sijunzi Decoction).After two weeks of correspondent intervention,the rats were gavaged with cefadroxil 60 mg/kg.Then,the blood samples were collected at different intervals and the concentrations of cefadroxil in plasma were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to the data of plasma concentration-time.Results:Reserpine led to the pattern similar to spleen deficiency of TCM in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefadroxil in NS,NS+SJZT,R and R + SJZT groups were as follows;AUC(0~∞)=59.72±8.03,62.30±9.27,75.08±11.83 and 63.07±9.21 mg·h~(-1)·L~(-1),respectively,and Cmax=25.21±2.47,24. 45±4.20,34.04±4.77 and 24.15±5.38 mg/L,respectively.Compared with NS group,the AUC(0~∞)and Cmax of Cefadroxil in R group were increased significantly(P0.05).Compared with the R group,the AUC(0~∞) and Cmax of Cefadroxil in R+SJZT group were decreased significantly(P0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the parameters between NS group and NS+SJZT group.Conclusion:The oral bioavailability of cefadroxil was increased in the condition of spleen deficiency pattern,whereas the"Siiunzi Decoction"can recover its absorption to normal state.


: A small evagination of parietal peritoneum forms the canal of Nuck. By the first year of life, this extension condenses into a fibrous cord. If this extension of peritoneum fails to close, based on the size of the defect, fluid or abdominal contents may enter the inguinal canal, resulting in a hydrocele or hernia. Congenital hernia or hydrocele, though more common in males, is rarely seen in females. Implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus i.e. endometriosis is a common gynaecological entity but its occurrence in canal of Nuck is rare. We report one such rare case in a 29 year old female.


The article presents the activity of Rev. Antoni Stychel in the Catholic Society of Polish Craftsmen and his efforts to unite the Industrial Associations. The Catholic Society of Polish Craftsmen was the first to put into practice the precepts of the encyclical "Rerum novarum". Earlier, during his studies in Berlin, Rev. Stychel engaged in work on behalf of Polish emigre workers there, also building his experience at social courses which he attended in  Germany. He enjoyed great authority in the Society and was awarded the title of its honorary president. Within five years of the Society's activity the number of its members increased fivefold. Over 100 lectures, prelections and papers were presented to the craftsmen. Events were also organized to foster their cultural and social life.


Introduction: Synchronous tumours are rare. The defining criteria is the occurrence of more than one tumour simultaneously or within a span of six months, having different histology and involving different organs. Similarly, distinction of a metastatic lesion from the primary tumour is imperative and has diagnostic and prognostic implications. Here we report of rare occurrence of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of minor salivary gland of cheek and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSVPTC) in a 70-year-old female diagnosed at fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Case report: A 70-year female presented with swelling over the right side of the cheek and left lobe of thyroid for 3 months. Cheek swelling was 4 x 4 cm, well defined, firm and with smooth external surface. Thyroid swelling left sided 3 x 3 cm, solitary and firm to hard. FNAC from the cheek swelling showed papillae, acini, nuclear crowding, overlapping, fine chromatin, nuclear clearing, nuclear grooving and basement membrane material favouring a diagnosis of low-grade epithelial malignancy possible PLGA. Thyroid FNAC smears showed typical features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) along with areas of extensive squamous metaplasia. Diagnosis of both the cases were confirmed at histopathology. Conclusions: Synchronous malignant tumours of head and neck region is rare. Both PLGA and DSVPTC show common features like papillae formation, nuclear features and squamous metaplastic cytoplasm. Accurate diagnosis of these lesions is challenging at cytology. Cytopathologist should be aware of this novel entity to avoid misdiagnosis and plan proper management.


Abstract Issue Forests are crucial in the sustainability transition to a biobased modern society. However, forests may also be recreational sites, and positively affect human health and well-being. Modern silvicultural harvesting practices alters the landscape overnight, and hence may affect the recreational and public health promoting use of it. Description of the problem Municipalities, as owners of urban forest areas, may actively support inhabitants' recreational use of near-by forested areas by 1) allocate resources to local voluntary organizations who facilitate for recreational users and 2) actively facilitate for continuous recreational use while practicing modern silviculture. In 2020-2022, an innovative integrative forest management approach was tested in a municipality in mid-Norway. This study explores how the local forests are used for recreational purposes, and how potential conflicts in land use can be mitigated or prevented. Results The forest areas are mostly used for health-promoting activities like exercise, walking, general recreation, and seasonal harvesting of wild berries and mushrooms. Half of the users get to the forest by foot or bicycle. Easy access, closeness to home, free parking arrangements and access to maps of the areas is important to users. Most users were well-informed about local forest-based businesses and carbon sequestration in wood and held that forests should be harvested and regenerated. They showed a high tolerance for forestry if the footpaths were cleared immediately. However, three out of four users want to be informed before harvesting. A small share of users wants educational posters about forest ecosystems. Lessons A pre-existing low conflict level between modern forestry and recreational forest use may be maintained by quite simple and modest means. In this municipality information posters were placed by the footpaths and an arena for discussions, information and co-creation of recreational facilitation was established in 2022. Key messages • Near-urban forests are frequently used for exercise and recreational activities, especially if easily accessible. • Harmonious co-use of forest areas, even in times of timber harvesting, is supported by rapidly recovering the footpaths and by notifying inhabitants in advance.


We investigate typical and rare dynamical fluctuations of transferred magnetization in the onedimensional lattice Landau–Lifshitz magnet with uniaxial anisotropy, representing an emblematic model of interacting spins. We demonstrate that the structure of fluctuations in thermal equilibrium depends radically on the characteristic dynamical scale. In the ballistic regime, typical fluctuations are found to follow a normal distribution, with atypical fluctuations satisfying the large-deviation principle. In stark contrast, on the diffusive and superdiffusive timescales, relevant respectively for the easy-axis and isotropic magnet at vanishing total magnetization, typical fluctuations are no longer Gaussian as a consequence of strong violation of the large-deviation principle. The observed anomalous features disappear upon breaking integrability, suggesting that the breakdown of the large-deviation principle is intimately tied to the presence of soliton modes.


Noelle Kateri Brigden's The Migrant Passage offers a masterful interweaving of rich ethnographic story-telling and theory-building. The book is the result of more than two years of field work in El Salvador and Mexico, along key routes for border crossers. Brigden draws on an anthropological orientation to theorize crossing itself, focusing on how migrants' journeys are characterized by improvisations, and how these improvisations shift and alter the political and material landscapes of Mexico.


The lipids of ovine heart muscle, kidney, skeletal muscle, and depot fat have been separated into cholesterol ester, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid fractions by chromatography on silicic acid. Fatty acid components of these fractions have been identified and estimated by gas chromatography, and include two unusual major components from muscle and kidney phospholipid. The interrelationships between these results and comparative values for other species are discussed,


Matt Powell, editor for the consumer broadband comparison site Broadband Genie, examines if the deployment of full fibre broadband has improved since his previous post in 2013 and argues that the UK Government's plans for using satellite broadband to plug the final 5% of homes will be inadequate for many.


The Iettuce has a nutritional value highlighted by the rich content of nourishing substances, vitamins, but also mineral salts, having an energy of 16 cal. The use of plasma is a key technology for the applied domains of all scientific branches, including agriculture; the physical and chemical processes associated with the plasma environment are profitable and beneficial for the modern economy. Extending the operating scope of plasma to atmospheric pressure in the cold (non-thermal) area constitutes a beneficial change in the field of plasma technologies. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of the application of non-thermal plasma treatments to a Iettuce, applied on root area, to Shangore cultivar. Variant (V3) with 14 mg/1NO3 achieved the best results regarding the number of leaves per plant (33.8) and the average mass of a Iettuce head, respectively 61.1 g/plant, harvested at 58 days. The data obtained on the production in V3 is positively correlated with the total content of chlorophyll pigments, being 7.2 CCI units per leaf.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) often has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of those affected and their families. Validated QoL and visual analogue scales (VAS) are widely used in dermatology to measure the impact of this common disease. As part of a larger prospective study, we subanalysed data to look at the correlation between Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score, three different QoL scores and parental/child VAS scores for overall severity, itch and sleep disturbance. Data were analysed from 68 paediatric patients with AD (42 males, 26 females), aged 4–16 years (mean 10 years, 0 months). Patient age groups were subdivided into 4–8 years (n = 17), 8–12 years (n = 25) and 12–16 years (n = 26). Scores for EASI, Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) and Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire (DFI) were measured, and VAS scores (0–10) were assessed for overall severity, itch and sleep loss. The mean EASI score for the cohort was 18.3, and comparable for all age groups: 4–8 years (17.6), 8–12 years (18.1) and 12–16 years (19.0). The CDLQI correlated with DFI (r = 0.72), POEM (r = 0.66) and overall VAS severity scores (r = 0.61). Further analysis by age group showed CDLQI correlated with POEM and DFI most strongly in younger age groups (4–8 years: POEM r = 0.86; DFI r = 0.77; 8–12 years: POEM r = 0.72; DFI r = 0.81) compared with older children aged (12–16 years: POEM r = 0.41; DFI r = 0.53). The CDLQI and VAS overall severity scores correlated consistently across age groups (4–8 years, r = 0.59; 8–12 years, r = 0.67; 12–16 years, r = 0.66). By comparing EASI with CDLQI scores, moderate correlation was found between the age groups (4–8 years, r = 0.39; 8–12 years, r = 0.53; 12–16 years, r = 0.46). Comparing EASI with the three VAS severity scores, we found poor correlation between EASI score and overall severity score (r = 0.24). This was most marked in the 4–8 years group (n = 17, r = 0.04) vs. the 8–12 years group (n = 25, r = 0.27) and 12–16 years group (n = 22, r = 0.33). Similarly, there was poor correlation between EASI and sleep loss score (r = 0.21) and itch score (r = 0.35) across all age groups. In our study, all of the existing validated QoL scores above correlated well with each other and across different age groups. The CDLQI and VAS severity scores also correlated consistently at all ages. There was poor correlation between EASI and VAS severity scores. This was more apparent in younger age groups, implying a high degree of caregiver distress due to eczema in younger children. This may indicate that as children mature their own perception of eczema may diverge from the perceived parental disease severity/impact on the family.


This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) and Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) extracts on pathogenic bacteria isolated from surface and ground water samples in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Samples of Aloe vera and Lemon grass were collected, pre-treated and extracted using n-hexane and ethanol respectively. The plant extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for their phytochemical properties using standard methods.  Surface and ground water samples were collected and characterized for their physico-chemical and microbiological properties using standard methods. The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the water samples were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility tests using selected commercial antibiotics and the plant extracts respectively. Result revealed the presence of eight phytochemicals namely alkaloid, flavonoid, saponnin, tannin, glycoside, steroid, phenol and terpene in both hexane and ethanol extracts of the Lemongrass and Aloe vera with varying degrees. Four bacterial pathogens namely Streptococcus spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were identified in the water samples. All of them were susceptible to both hexane and ethanol extracts of the Lemongrass and Aloe vera plants with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.2 mm to 14.5 mm and 16.7 mm to 20.9 mm and 4.2 mm to 9.5 mm and 6.7 mm to 11.2 mm, respectively. Commercial antibiotics such as Ciproflox, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol and Cuntamycin were active against all the bacteria pathogens, with zones of inhibition ranging from 15.7 mm to 21.2 mm, 13.2 mm to 21.3 mm, 3.1 mm to 14.5 mm and 3.3 mm to 14.7 mm, respectively. The antibacterial action of ethanol extract of the Lemongrass on all four pathogens was comparable to that of commercial antibiotics such as Ciproflox, Streptomycin and Ofloxacin which also demonstrated higher antibacterial action on the pathogens. This study has revealed the usefulness of Aloe vera and Lemongrass plants in phyto-antibiotics and phyto-medicine.


The editors of this book have introduced the meta-theoretical construct 'fundamental ideas of mathematics didactics' as a very interesting approach for reflecting on the identity of the scientific discipline didactics of mathematics and for dealing with the diversity of theories in the field. This chapter discusses how and under which conditions the construct can be used for these purposes. For foun- ding this discussion, some main aspects of the construct fundamental ideas, their meanings and functions are shortly revised and related to the editors' suggestions for the fundamental ideas in didactics of mathematics (Section 21.1). After that, the concrete suggestion for a first idea, namely 'transformation' will be discussed with respect to contributions of part III (Section 21.2).


Aim. To analyze the noninfectious diseases morbidity for 2012-2016 among the adult population at one of diagnostic centers of the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. Statistical processing of data, presented in statistical accounts for 2006-2016 "Information on the number of diseases, registered in patients, living in the region of service of medical institution" (F.12) (Diagnostic Centre №3 of Moscow Healthcare Department) was carried out. Results. The analysis carried out confirmed the existing information that the diseases, conditioning the morbidity of the adult population of Moscow are the following: blood circulation system diseases, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisonings and some other consequences of external causes, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases, eye and its accessory apparatus diseases, digestive diseases, endocrine system diseases, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders. The total prevalence of the diseases of blood circulation system including diseases, characterized by increased blood pressure, chronic ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, is statistically reliably ( p ˂ 0,05) higher in persons over the able-bodied age, than in the able-bodied population during the whole period considered (2012-2016). In its majority, the morbidity rate has a negative dynamics and no prognostic growth is observed. Conclusions. Over the five-year period, there was registered a statistically reliable ( p ˂ 0,05) decrease in the prevalence of noninfectious diseases among the able-bodied population.


The efficiency and effectiveness of the medication supply program of the Belen de Trujillo Hospital - 2017 was evaluated. Allowing to evaluate the degree of efficiency and effectiveness; 40 tracer drugs selected among the most demanded in the health services were used and represent proportionally to the population in number of pharmaceutical products included in the National List of Essential Medicines; For this purpose, the frequency was measured using the following indicators: 1. Weighted average percentage of variation in inventory, 2. Average percentage of time of stock-outs, 3. Average percentage of a set of 40 tracer drugs not expired available. From the analysis of the results, the following is concluded: (1.) The efficiency in the store of the supply program of the Belen de Trujillo Hospital is 0.81%; finding difference for: loratadine 10 mg. (2.) The efficiency through the average percentage of the shortage time is 3.75%; finding difference for: Acetylcysteine 600 mg tablet, Atorvastatin (as calcium salt) 20 mg tablet, Atorvastatin (as calcium salt) 40 mg tablet, Epinephrine (as hydrochloride or tartrate) 1 mg / 1mL injection, Lidocaine hydrochloride 10 g 2 g / 100g gel presenting 16.6%; Carbamazepine 200 mg tablet, Cephalexin 500 mg tablet, Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 100 mg tablet, Diazepam 2 mL 5 mg / ml injection with 8.3%; and for Vancomycin (as hydrochloride) 500 mg injection. it was 33.3%. (3.) The effectiveness through the average percentage of a set of 40 tracer drugs not expired available in the SISMED Program, is 100%


severe operating conditions. Because of the turn-to-turn short circuit mode specificity, application of a standard method for calculating motor characteristics is impossible in this case. A modifica-tion of the classic mathematical model for calculating currents and torques under rotor circuit unbalanced condition is presented as a solution of the problem. As a result of numerical simula-tion, the dependences of phase currents of the stator and rotor windings, the angular frequency of the rotor, as well as static mechanical characteristics of the machine in the turn-to-turn short circuit mode in one of the rotor phases are shown.Based on the results obtained, criteria are pointed out that make it possible to conclude that it is advisable to continue the damaged motor operation. As future research, it is possible to create a real-time diagnostic system based on the developed algorithm for calculating symmetric modes of an induction motor.


Table 7.1 Intrinsic vs. extrinsic dimensionality a. a The numbers were produced using the molecular visualization toolkit STM4 [10] using the Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm with a suitably adapted Camastra sampling correction [11]. ''explode'' the unit cell and we would not get any meaningful results. Therefore, we have to apply constrains to discard unfeasible solutions. The structure is considered unfeasible if: 1) The distance between any two atoms is smaller than threshold determined by user (e.g., there are no known bonds shorter than 0.5 ˚ A). One can set different thresholds for different pairs of atom types separately; for example, the sum of correspondent atom radii. 2) One of the lattice vectors is too small. User can determine the threshold value; for example, it can be set to the diameter of the largest atom present in the system. 3) The angle between two lattice vectors is too small or the angle between the lattice vector and the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by other two lattice vectors is too small, see Figure 7.3. One can always choose the lattice vectors in such a way that the angle between any of them is in the (60 • , 120 •) range. To do this, one can replace the longer vector (let's say a) in a pair violating the constrain by a = a − ceil |a · b|/b 2 · sign(a · b) · b see [20] for more details. Our experience shows that this procedure speeds up local optimization and improves the efficiency of the algorithm as a whole 2). Common way to create the first generation in evolutionary approach is uniform random sampling, aimed at achieving high diversity of the population. In fact, if you do not have any a priory information about how the possible optimal solution could look like, random sampling is the most reasonable way to do the unbiased 2) The 60–120 degree conditions are a simplified version of the cell constraints – more complete conditions are that a unit cell vector (and also cell diagonals) should not have projections onto other cell vectors that are greater by absolute value than half of the latter vector [20].


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of rosiglitazone combined with metformin on type 2 diabetes.Methods Ninety patients were randomly divided into two groups,observation group received rosiglitazone combined with metformin; control group was given metformin.The efficacy of the two groups were compared.Results The FINS in the observation group were significantly lower than before (P < 0.05),the difference was statistically significant.But FINS level in the control group had no significant difference (P > O.05),FINS in the observation group and the control group had statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).Conclusions Rosiglitazone combined with mefformin can play a good hypoglycemic effect.Rosiglitazone can not only lower blood glucose,but also decline the leve of FINS l.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes;  Rosiglitazone ;  Metformin;  Insulin resistance


The scope of this Master's Thesis was to investigate possible improvements in the production of procedure trays at Molnlycke Health Care. The work has consisted of two parts: one concentrating on ...


This paper focuses on the identity of a Tanzanian woman and addresses several questions: what is the really identity of a Tanzanian woman; how does her identity reinforces woman's oppression; will the identity of a Tanzanian woman change; what efforts are taken by them to improve their identity; is the potentiality of a woman's power under explored? Accordingly, my experience as a Tanzanian man, researcher (rather anthropologist), teacher, consultant and program manager dealing with women and indeed a witness of many potentialities of Tanzanian women, is important and is used in this paper. In other words, methods such as participant observation, informal interviews and conversations with men and women, including 300 students, from Tanzania have been an important part of this paper. Moreover, the paper is nourished by in puts from my bellowed wife currently confused by the way American women wear and smoke; a behaviour considered unacceptable and only embraced by immoral women in Tanzania. Again, my daughter Miriam kept ignited my heart to write the article- her mother says "how comes a girl behaves like a boy: she is active destroying her dolls and often wants to touch our expensive digital TV instead". Tanzanian women are expected to be calm. My Tanzanian experience, a lens of its own, has been facilitated by critical discourses on identity, feminism, beauty, globalization, post-colonialism, history, culture, nationalism, philosophy, development, colonialism and gender focusing on Tanzania and abroad. Social sciences data bases and references from UB library have been utilised and analysed using content analysis. Secondary data from NGO and Unpublished research, whereby I participated as team member or principal researcher, has also been used. Simply stated, Tanzanian women are diverse yet they have achieved great success as far as empowerment is concerned. However, challenges such as early marriage, modernization, domestic chores, acculturation, female genital mutilation, patriarchal values, and globalization remain a hurdle in women empowerment. Comically, dismissing of Tanzania women, by middle class feminists, western and local, as homogenous has led to under exploration of the potentiality of Tanzanian women. In fact, the role of Tanzanian women living in rural areas has not been accorded the required scholarship.


Culture is the foundation and soul of a nation,the important source of national vitality,cohesion and creativity.After more than 60 years of development,fruitful achievements have been made in Xinjiang ethnic cultural construction,but at the same time,there also exist some shortages.Therefore,we must further strengthen the construction of ethnic culture in Xinjiang,improve cultural strength,and provide more powerful support to leapfrog development and lasting stability in Xinjiang.


The latent heat released due to massive salt seeding in the maritime atmosphere was experimentally studied (Woodcock and Spencer, 1967). From the experiments conducted during t~e summer monsoon of 1973, within 50 Km off the coast at Bombay (18 15' N, 72 49' E, 11 m a.s.l.), the effect of massive salt seeding on warm maritime cumulus clouds was investigated using radar observations (Krishna et ai.,.1976). The results showed increases areal echo coverage, in vertical extent and also in echo intensity following the release of salt particles into the clouds. Since the data sample of the above study is very small, further experiments were undertaken in the same region during the summer monsoon of 1974. In addition to the radar observations, in-cloud electrical and microphysical observations were made during these experiments. The results of the study are presented below.


The the duality between ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and the AdS$_5\times\;$S$^5$ superstring appears to enjoy quantum integrability in the planar limit, which allowed to devise powerful methods ostensibly solving the spectral problem. However, quantization of the AdS$_5\times\;$S$^5$ superstring from first principles is still an open question and especially the spectrum of short string states has previously been derived only at leading order in large 't Hooft coupling. In this thesis we investigate possible routes to take the perturbative quantization of short string states beyond the leading order, where equally our aim is to gain better appreciation of the quantum symmetries at play. A prominent role is played by the lowest excited string states, dual to the Konishi supermultiplet, and we start by reviewing critically an asserted derivation of the Konishi anomalous dimension in the setup of pure spinor string theory. Next, we study the bosonic AdS$_5\times\;$S$^5$ string in static gauge, where we construct a so-called single-mode string solution, which shows classical integrability and invariance under the isometries SO(2,4)$\;\times\;$SO(6) at the quantum level. Arguing heuristically about the effects of supersymmetry, we indeed recover the first non-trivial quantum correction to the Konishi anomalous dimension. We continue by implementing static gauge for the full AdS$_5\times\;$S$^5$ superstring and find elegant expressions for the Lagrangian density and the supercharges. We then constrain our interest to the superparticle and, using two different methods, find canonical coordinates at quadratic order in fermions. As the single-mode string is just the SO(2,4)$\;\times\;$SO(6) orbit of the pulsating string, we conclude by applying orbit method quantization to the particle and spinning string solutions in bosonic AdS$_3\times\;$S$^3$ yielding consistent results for the spectra.


In this paper, the concept and characteristics of fractal are briefly introduced; The drawing principle of Lsystem and IFS system is discussed. Based on this discussion, we analyse virtual plant growth procedure simulated by the L-system. Further, an efficient expression that can describe the plant growth and the control of direction is defined; Inspired from proposed expression, we propose a new method based on the combination of L-system and IFS system to simulate the plant morphology. We valid and show our proposed system with high fidelity and efficiency on the simulation of plant morphology by comparison experiments. Extra experiment shows it can be applied into computer art and video game scenario design.


There are given the results of research of a brand of modern university, features of development of marketing politics of high school, their role in formation of modern economy. The article might be useful for marketers, economists, managers and other specialists, which are engaged in resolving of branding problems, marketing communications, marketing, modern education


The sovereign debt crisis in the euro area has raised interest in early warning indicators, aimed at signalling the build-up of fiscal stress in advance and helping prevent crises by means of a timely counteraction of fiscal and macroeconomic policies. This paper presents possible improvements to enhance existing early warning indicators for fiscal stress, especially for the euro area. We show that a country-specific approach could strongly increase the signalling power of early warning systems. Finally, we draw policy conclusions for the setting-up and application of a system of early warning indicators for fiscal stress.


Background: Mechanisms by which β-2-adrenoreceptor agonists effect bronchorelaxation remain unestablished. Results: Direct inhibition of PKA via molecular approaches reversed β-agonist-mediated antagonism of procontractile signaling and relaxation of contracted airway smooth muscle (ASM) despite augmenting intracellular cAMP. Conclusion: PKA is the primary mechanism by which β-agonists relax ASM. Significance: PKA-dependent signaling and functions should guide the development of bronchodilator drugs. Inhaled β-agonists are effective at reversing bronchoconstriction in asthma, but the mechanism by which they exert this effect is unclear and controversial. PKA is the historically accepted effector, although this assumption is made on the basis of associative and not direct evidence. Recent studies have asserted that exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), not PKA, mediates the relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) observed with β-agonist treatment. This study aims to clarify the role of PKA in the prorelaxant effects of β-agonists on ASM. Inhibition of PKA activity via expression of the PKI and RevAB peptides results in increased β-agonist-mediated cAMP release, abolishes the inhibitory effect of isoproterenol on histamine-induced intracellular calcium flux, and significantly attenuates histamine-stimulated MLC-20 phosphorylation. Analyses of ASM cell and tissue contraction demonstrate that PKA inhibition eliminates most, if not all, β-agonist-mediated relaxation of contracted smooth muscle. Conversely, Epac knockdown had no effect on the regulation of contraction or procontractile signaling by isoproterenol. These findings suggest that PKA, not Epac, is the predominant and physiologically relevant effector through which β-agonists exert their relaxant effects.


Rho of plants (ROP) proteins, also known as RAC proteins, are Rho-related GTPases that function as molecular switches in a multitude of signaling cascades involved in the regulation of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, of vesicle trafficking, and of plant responses to hormones, stresses, or light (Yang, 2002; Berken, 2006; Nibau et al., 2006; Yang and Fu, 2007). Rho GTPases are Ras-related small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) that bind GTP and GDP with high affinity and hydrolyze GTP inefficiently. Rho GTPases switch between GTPon to GDP-off states by highly regulated GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis (Bourne et al., 1991; Vetter and Wittinghofer, 2001). Only in the GTP-bound state can Rho GTPases interact with effectors to elicit downstream signaling. The GDP/GTP exchange is catalyzed by guanyl nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and GTP hydrolysis is enhanced by GTPaseactivating proteins (GAPs). Like other members of the Ras superfamily of small G-proteins, Rho GTPases are soluble proteins that associate with and function at cell membranes by virtue of the posttranslational lipid modifications prenylation and S-acylation (Hancock et al., 1989; Michaelson et al., 2001). A third group of regulating proteins are Rho guanyl nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs), which inhibit GDP/GTP exchange and facilitate the cycling of Rho GTPases on and off membranes (DerMardirossian and Bokoch, 2005). The ability of Rho GTPases to interact with membranes allows these proteins to regulate actin polymerization and vesicle trafficking at discrete sites of the plasma membrane and of internal membranes, which is essential for their role in the control of cell polarity (Ridley, 2006). As part of the Plant Physiology focus issue on membrane biology, this review focuses on subcellular targeting of plant ROP/RAC GTPases and on the role of these proteins in the regulation of membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton organization, and cell polarity. Other aspects of ROP/ RAC biology, such as the role of these GTPases in hormonal or stress signaling, will only be summarized in brief. We refer interested readers to several excellent recent reviews on ROP/RAC GTPases that highlight these other topics (Molendijk et al., 2004; Xu and Scheres, 2005; Nibau et al., 2006; Yang and Fu, 2007; Berken and Wittinghofer, 2008; Kost, 2008). Throughout this review, we have opted to use the ROP nomenclature for the sake of clarity. However, we use the RAC terminology in instances in which there is no ROP nomenclature or when publications have used the term RAC rather than ROP. Finally, we apologize to those colleagues whose work we have not been able to cite due to lack of space.


In the Danish part of the western Baltic Sea, marine aggregates can roughly be classified into basic geological settings suitable for sand fill for land reclamation, and sand, fine gravel and coarse gravel for construction purposes, primarily as aggregate for concrete. In addition to this, some sand and gravel products possess unique qualities making them suitable for special purposes such as moulding sand. Taking natural and administrative restrictions into account, marine aggregates are dredged at a number of designated locations in coastal waters, and in open waters where dredging takes place in the Adler Ground - ROnne Bank area. Total annual extraction in the region is 1.5 to 2 million m 3 , depending on local and international demand. Based on geological surveys, including seismic, surface sampling and coring, the late glacial and Holocene history of the Ronne Bank-Adler Ground is described, and an example of habitat identification and impact assessment is illustrated. More than 1.5 billion m 3 of sand and gravel are located in different resource areas on the Ronne Bank and Adler Ground, which probably makes it the largest known resource in the Baltic. The sand fraction on the Ronne Bank is generally of high quality suitable for the production of high class concrete. Also the coarse aggregates are of high quality and large amounts have been exported to Germany over the years. Based on sediment distribution, a number of habitats have been identified and mapped according to the EU-Habitat Directive. Examples of hydrographical settings and content of fines in the resource have been used to model the environmental impact from sediment spreading during aggregate dredging in the area. The results show that the impact from silting and sedimentation of sediment spill is very local due to the low content of fines in the resource, and that the impact on valuable habitats outside the dredging area is insignificant.


The author has built the numerical analysis model of temperature in engine cabin of the aircraft.The performance imitation software applied working parameters of the engine in diferent light conditions,and the 1D numerical imitation calculated the temperature of luid and structure surface along axes direction in engine cabin.at the same time,CFD techniques were used in 3D luid numerical imitation to obtain displacement of cooling air parameters in engine cabin.Using cooling airlow quantity and heat conversion method,the refrigeration processes in 2 kinds of engine cabins were calculated and compared with each other.The conclusion with engineering value applied theory basis for engine cabin design of aircraft.


The Use of Ergot in Eabor—From a clinical study of the uses of ergot in labor, Dr. R. B.' McCall, of Hammersville, Ohio (American Medico-Surgical Bulletin, Feb. i, 1894), draws the following conclusions: 1. That ergot is a true oxytocic by virtue of its unaided power exercised on the uterine center of the medulla spinalis, to excite the gravid uterus to contract on its contents. 2. That in all cases of hemorrhage from non-gravid relaxed uterus, ergot in suitable dosage compels firm, persistent contraction. 3. That, in view of the two facts last named, its employment as a safeguard after delivery of the placenta is con servative and practical, and devoid of danger. The author also believes that the drug possesses some value as a hemostatic.


The effect of reaction temperature on the yield and distribution of aromatization products were investigated in a 500mL fixed-bed aromatization lab unit with C4 hydrocarbon as feedstock on the catalyst SHY-DL.The results showed that with the rise of reaction temperature,the yield of dry gas increased,liquid petroleum gas(LPG) had no obvious change,the purpose product gasoline decreased and diesel increased.The yield of isoparaffin,n-alkane and olefin in gasoline decreased,but the aromatic hydrocarbon increased,indicating the increase of reaction temperature was favorable to aromatization process.The suitable reaction temperature for C4 hydrocarbon aromatization ranged from 380℃ to 420℃.In this range of temperature,the yield of gasoline was more than 40%,the octane number was more than 100,and the mass fraction of propane in LPG was about 50%.


On 13 June 1995, Jacques Chirac, the new conservative president of France, announced that France would resume nuclear testing in the South Pacific. He said that a programme of eight tests would be conducted between September 1995 and May 1996. This decision ended the French moratorium announced in April 1992 by M. Chirac's socialist predecessor Francois Mitterrand. This unilateral initiative encouraged the United States and Russia to follow suit. The United Kingdom tested its weapons in the United States, and so a US moratorium automatically meant that the United Kingdom had a moratorium. Only China refused to follow the 1992 French example. This article provides the background to French nuclear testing, an examination of the 1985 sinking of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior, the creation of the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, the implications of the June 1995 announcement for the work on creating a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty, and the light the announcement throws on the question of w...


Soil systems are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses of natural and anthropogenic origin, which can potentially affect soil functioning. For this reason, there is growing recognition for the need to develop sensitive indicators of soil quality that reflect the effects of land management on soil and assist land managers in promoting long-term sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems (Bandick & Dick, 1999). Soil organic matter (SOM) providing energy, substrates, and biological diversity necessary to sustain numerous soil functions, has been considered one of the most important soil properties that contributes to soil quality and fertility (Doran & Parkin, 1994; Reeves, 1997).


In the present specification describes a composition that modulates the capture and release of flavors and other active substances dental formulations. .BACKGROUND